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Data transformation (statistics)

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Data transformation in statistics refers to data transformation carried in order to assure that the data has a normal distribution (a remedy for outliers, failures of normality, linearity, and homoscedasticity). A good indicator of data having a normal distribution is skewness in the range of -0.8 to 0.8 and kurtosis in range of -3.0 to 3.0.

Common transformation techniques: