Landmark detection
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There are several algorithms for locating landmarks in images such as satellite maps, medical images etc. Nowadays evolutionary algorithms such as particle swarm optimization are so useful to perform this task. evolutionary algorithms generally have two phase, training and test.
Algorithm
In the training phase, we try to learn the algorithm to locate landmark correctly. this phase performs in some iterations and finally in the last iteration we hope to obtain a system that can locate the landmark, correctly. in the particle swarm optimization there are some particles that search for the landmark. each particle uses a specific formula in each iteration to optimizes the landmark detecting.
References
Bibliography
Yue Wu, Qiang Ji, "Facial landmark detection: a literature survey", International Journal of Computer Vision, vol. 127, pp. 115–142, 2019.