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Community-led local development

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Logo of the LEADER programme

The community-led local development (CLLD) funding approach, initially limited to the rural areas under the name LEADER (the acronym standing for Template:Lang-fr, Template:Lang-en), is a European Union initiative to support development projects in rural, coastal and urban areas of EU member countries at the local scale by involving relevant local actors, including local organizations and associations, as well as individual citizens. The approach is regularly evaluated, and also discussed widely in academic literature on local economic and social development.[1]

Operation and objectives

CLLD projects are managed by local action groups (LAGs). Each project must involve a relatively small area, with a population of between 10,000 and 100,000. In France, the whole country is eligible with the exception of urban areas with over 50,000 inhabitants. France has 140 local action groups.

Methodology

From 1991 until 2001 the LEADER/CLLD methodology was developed with the support of the European Commission's technical assistance contractor, AEIDL. LEADER developed seven principles of local development.

The 7 principles of the LEADER/CLLD local development approach

These are:

  • Area-based: taking place in a small, homogeneous socially cohesive territory
  • Bottom-up: local actors design the strategy and choose the actions
  • Public-private partnership: LAGs are balanced groups involving public and private-sector actors, which can mobilise all available skills and resources
  • Innovation: giving LAGs the flexibility to introduce new ideas and methods
  • Integration: between economic, social, cultural and environmental actions, as distinct from a sectoral approach
  • Networking: allowing learning among people, organisations and institutions at local, regional, national and European levels
  • Co-operation: among LEADER groups, for instance to share experiences, allow complementarity or to achieve critical mass

History and funding

  • LEADER I (1991–93) supported 217 LAGS with EU funding of €0.442 billion from the European Agricultural Guidance and Guarantee Fund (EAGGF)[2]
  • LEADER II (1994–99) supported 906 LAGs with EU funding of €1.755 billion
  • LEADER+ (2000–06) supported 893 LAGs with EU funding of €2.105 billion, and a total budget of €5.05 billion

In the programming period (2014-2020), the LEADER method was extended to cover not only rural but also coastal (FARNET) and urban areas under the general designation community-led local development (CLLD), financed from all the European Structural and Investment Funds except the Cohesion Fund.

Writing in the Regional Studies Association blog, Haris Martinos of [LDNet https://ldnet.eu/] points out that the idea of local development arose spontaneously in the 1980s before attracting the interest of EU policy-makers and being operationalised within the LEADER programme in 1991. However policy interest declined in the 2000s. After 2010 interest resurged and the ‘CLLD’ label was introduced for the 2014-2021 EU programming period. However there are fears that CLLD has lost its strategic purpose and become reduced to a bureaucracy for spending relatively small sums of public money.[3]

The European Network for Rural Development lists 3,134 local action Groups.[4] The approach has been used widely across the European Union, but also in countries of the Eastern Partnership, such as Georgia.[5]

References

  1. ^ Zavratnik, Veronika; Kos, Andrej; Stojmenova Duh, Emilija (2018). ""Smart villages: Comprehensive review of initiatives and practices."". Sustainability. 10.7. Retrieved 29 November 2022.
  2. ^ European Commission, The Leader approach — A basic guide, Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 2006, ISBN 92-79-02044-7
  3. ^ https://www.regionalstudies.org/news/community-led-local-development-challenges-and-opportunities/
  4. ^ https://enrd.ec.europa.eu/leader-clld/lag-database_en
  5. ^ Khartishvili, Lela; Muhar, Andreas; Dax, Thomas; Khelashvili, Ioseb (January 2019). "Rural Tourism in Georgia in Transition: Challenges for Regional Sustainability". Sustainability. 11 (2): 410. doi:10.3390/su11020410. ISSN 2071-1050.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (link)
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