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Single system image

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In distributed computing, a single system image (SSI) cluster is a cluster of machines that appears to be one single system.[1][2][3] The concept is often considered synonymous with that of a distributed operating system,[4][5] but a single image may be presented for more limited purposes, just job scheduling for instance, which may be achieved by means of an additional layer of software over conventional operating system images running on each node.[6] The interest in SSI clusters is based on the perception that they may be simpler to use and administer than more specialized clusters.

Different SSI systems may provide a more or less complete illusion of a single system.

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Examples

Examples here vary from commercial platforms with scaling capabilities, to packages/frameworks for creating distributed systems, as well as those that actually implement a single system image.

SSI Properties of different clustering systems
Name Process migration Process checkpoint Single process space Single root Single I/O space Single IPC space Cluster IP address[t 1] Source Model Latest release date[t 2] Supported OS
Amoeba[t 3] Yes Yes Yes Yes Un­known Yes Un­known Open July 30, 1996 Native
AIX TCF Un­known Un­known Un­known Yes Un­known Un­known Un­known Closed March 30, 1990[7] AIX PS/2 1.2
NonStop Guardian[t 4] Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Closed 2018 NonStop OS
Inferno No No No Yes Yes Yes Un­known Open March 4, 2015 Native, Windows, Irix, Linux, OS X, FreeBSD, Solaris, Plan 9
Kerrighed Yes Yes Yes Yes Un­known Yes Un­known Open June 14, 2010 Linux 2.6.30
LinuxPMI[t 5] Yes Yes No Yes No No Un­known Open June 18, 2006 Linux 2.6.17
LOCUS[t 6] Yes Un­known Yes Yes Yes Yes[t 7] Un­known Closed 1988 Native
MOSIX Yes Yes No Yes No No Un­known Closed October 24, 2017 Linux
openMosix[t 8] Yes Yes No Yes No No Un­known Open December 10, 2004 Linux 2.4.26
Open-Sharedroot[t 9] No No No Yes No No Yes Open September 1, 2011[8] Linux
OpenSSI Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Open February 18, 2010 Linux 2.6.10 (Debian, Fedora)
Plan 9 No[9] No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Open January 9, 2015 Native
Sprite Yes Un­known No Yes Yes No Un­known Open 1992 Native
TidalScale Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Closed August 17, 2020 Linux, FreeBSD
TruCluster No Un­known No Yes No No Yes Closed October 1, 2010 Tru64
VMScluster No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Closed July 14, 2022 OpenVMS
z/VM Yes No Yes No No Yes Un­known Closed November 11, 2016 Native
UnixWare NonStop Clusters[t 10] Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Closed June 2000 UnixWare
  1. ^ Many of the Linux based SSI clusters can use the Linux Virtual Server to implement a single cluster IP address
  2. ^ Green means software is actively developed
  3. ^ Amoeba development is carried forward by Dr. Stefan Bosse at BSS Lab Archived 2009-02-03 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Guardian90 TR90.8 Based on R&D by Tandem Computers c/o Andrea Borr at [1]
  5. ^ LinuxPMI is a successor to openMosix
  6. ^ LOCUS was used to create IBM AIX TCF
  7. ^ LOCUS used named pipes for IPC
  8. ^ openMosix was a fork of MOSIX
  9. ^ Open-Sharedroot is a shared root Cluster from ATIX
  10. ^ UnixWare NonStop Clusters was a base for OpenSSI

See also

Notes


References

  1. ^ Pfister, Gregory F. (1998), In search of clusters, Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall PTR, ISBN 978-0-13-899709-0, OCLC 38300954
  2. ^ Buyya, Rajkumar; Cortes, Toni; Jin, Hai (2001), "Single System Image" (PDF), International Journal of High Performance Computing Applications, 15 (2): 124, doi:10.1177/109434200101500205, S2CID 38921084
  3. ^ Healy, Philip; Lynn, Theo; Barrett, Enda; Morrison, John P. (2016), "Single system image: A survey" (PDF), Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 90–91: 35–51, doi:10.1016/j.jpdc.2016.01.004, hdl:10468/4932
  4. ^ Coulouris, George F; Dollimore, Jean; Kindberg, Tim (2005), Distributed systems: concepts and design, Addison Wesley, p. 223, ISBN 978-0-321-26354-4
  5. ^ Bolosky, William J.; Draves, Richard P.; Fitzgerald, Robert P.; Fraser, Christopher W.; Jones, Michael B.; Knoblock, Todd B.; Rashid, Rick (1997-05-05), "Operating System Directions for the Next Millennium", 6th Workshop on Hot Topics in Operating Systems (HotOS-VI), Cape Cod, MA, pp. 106–110, CiteSeerX 10.1.1.50.9538, doi:10.1109/HOTOS.1997.595191, ISBN 978-0-8186-7834-9, S2CID 15380352{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  6. ^ Prabhu, C.S.R. (2009), Grid And Cluster Computing, Phi Learning, p. 256, ISBN 978-81-203-3428-1
  7. ^ "AIX PS/2 OS".
  8. ^ "Open-Sharedroot GitHub repository". GitHub.
  9. ^ Pike, Rob; Presotto, Dave; Thompson, Ken; Trickey, Howard (1990), "Plan 9 from Bell Labs", In Proceedings of the Summer 1990 UKUUG Conference, p. 8, Process migration is also deliberately absent from Plan 9. {{citation}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
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