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Java Pony

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Java Pony
Java Pony in Indonesia
Country of originIndonesia

The Java pony is a breed of pony developed on the island of Java in Indonesia. It is thought to have descended from wild forebears of Mongolian Wild Horse ancestry.[1] It is larger and stronger than the Timor pony, with more Arabian breed influence.[2]

Characteristics

Java ponies have a light body with a short neck and a somewhat plain head. The average height is about 13.5 hands (57 inches, 145 cm).[3]: 127  They are found in a variety of colors, and are a robust breed noted for working ability and endurance. The lightweight conformation of the breed is well-adapted to the tropical climate of Indonesia. The Java Pony is primarily used in agriculture in rural areas and for the transportation of passengers and goods in the cities. They are privately bred throughout the islands, though breeding is in many cases subsidized by the state, and ponies on various islands of Indonesia have noticeable differences in breed characteristics.[citation needed]

History

Horses were introduced to Java in unknown date, they are descended from Tibetan or Mongol-type horses.[4]: 39  In the 14th century AD, Java became an important horse breeder and the island was even listed among horse suppliers to China.[5]: 208  During the Majapahit period, the quantity and quality of Javanese horse breeds steadily grew. In 1513 CE Tomé Pires praised the highly decorated horses of Javanese nobility, complemented by gold-studded stirrups and lavishly decorated saddles that were "not found anywhere else in the world".[6]: 174–175 [7]: 196–197 

It is likely that Sumbawa horse was introduced to the island by the Javanese people of Majapahit Empire,[8][9] who conquered the island in the 14th century. The sultans of Bima and West Sumbawa are deemed to possess numerous horses.[10] Sumbawa and the Sumba (Sandalwood) horse are supposed to be close from the Mongolian Horse.[11] Although Arabic origin is often cited in ancient documents (including the Dutch ones), there is no evidence of this in Indonesian horses and Sumbawa ponies.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Races de chevaux et d'équidés" Lexique du cheval! (Includes English section) Web page accessed December 8, 2007
  2. ^ "Lexique du cheval! Dictionnaire des races I-L". www.lexiqueducheval.net. Retrieved 2022-09-30.
  3. ^ Swart, Sandra (2007). "8. Riding High – Horses, Power and Settler Society in Southern Africa, c. 1654–1840". Breeds of Empire: The 'Invention' of the Horse in Southern Africa and Maritime Southeast Asia, 1500–1950. Vol. 42 (NIAS studies in Asian topics). Copenhagen: NIAS. pp. 1–20. ISBN 978-8-7769-4014-0.
  4. ^ Boomgard, Peter (2007). "3. Horse Breeding, Long-distance Horse Trading and Royal Courts in Indonesian History, 1500–1900". Breeds of Empire: The 'Invention' of the Horse in Southern Africa and Maritime Southeast Asia, 1500–1950. Vol. 42 (NIAS studies in Asian topics). Copenhagen: NIAS. pp. 33–50. ISBN 978-8-7769-4014-0.
  5. ^ Ptak, Roderich (1999). China's Seaborne Trade with South and Southeast Asia, 1200-1750. Ashgate. ISBN 9780860787761.
  6. ^ Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain: Cortesão, Armando (1944). The Suma oriental of Tomé Pires : an account of the East, from the Red Sea to Japan, written in Malacca and India in 1512-1515 ; and, the book of Francisco Rodrigues, rutter of a voyage in the Red Sea, nautical rules, almanack and maps, written and drawn in the East before 1515 volume I. London: The Hakluyt Society. ISBN 9784000085052. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
  7. ^ Jákl, Jiří (2016-05-15). "The Loincloth, Trousers, and Horse-riders in Pre-Islamic Java: Notes on the Old Javanese Term Lañciṅan". Archipel (91): 185–202. doi:10.4000/archipel.312. ISSN 0044-8613.
  8. ^ Excerpta Indonesica. 1996.
  9. ^ Turner, Peter (1998). Indonesia's Eastern Islands. p. 181. ISBN 9780864425034.
  10. ^ de Jong Boers 2007, p. 56.
  11. ^ Hendricks 2007, p. 407.
  12. ^ Clarence-Smith 2015, p. 39.



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