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Structured Clinical Interview for DSM

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Structured Clinical Interview for DSM
Purposedetermine major DSM disorders

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM (SCID) is a semi-structured interview guide for making diagnoses according to the diagnostic criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM).[1] The development of SCID has followed the evolution of the DSM and multiple versions are available for a single edition covering different categories of mental disorders. The first SCID (for DSM-III-R) was released in 1989[citation needed], SCID-IV (for DSM-IV) was published in 1994 and the current version, SCID-5 (for DSM-5), is available since 2013.[2]

It is administered by a clinician or trained mental health professional who is familiar with the DSM classification and diagnostic criteria. The interview subjects may be either psychiatric or general medical patients or individuals who do not identify themselves as patients, such as participants in a community survey of mental illness or family members of psychiatric patients.[3] However, for the purposes of some research studies, non-clinician research assistants, who have extensive experience with the study population in question, and who have demonstrated competence, have been trained to use the SCID. The less clinical experience and specific education the potential interviewer has had, the more training is required.[citation needed]

DSM-III editions of SCID

The SCID for the DSM-III-R helped determine Axis I (SCID-I) and Axis II disorders (SCID-II)[4]. Separate versions were used to assess psychiatric patients (SCID-P) and to study non-patient populations (SCID-NP). Another form of the SCID-P, SCID-P W/PSY SCREEN, was developed for patients in which psychotic disorders were expected to be rare and only included screening questions for these disorders but not the complex module. Special versions were also created for studying panic disorder, assessing PTSD and combat experience in Vietnam veterans and studying the social and psychiatric consequencies of HIV infection.[5]

The reliability and validity of the SCID for DSM-III-R has been reported in several published studies. With regard to reliability, the range in reliability is enormous, depending on the type of the sample and research methodology (i.e., joint vs. test-retest, multi-site vs. single site with raters who have worked together, etc.)[citation needed]

SCID-D

The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) is used to diagnose dissociative disorders, especially in research settings. It was originally designed for the DSM-III-R but early access to DSM-IV criteria for dissociative disorders allowed them to be incorporated into the SCID-D.[6]

For subjects with non-dissociative disorders administration takes between 30 minutes and 1.5 hours. Subjects with dissociative disorders usually require between 40 minutes to 2.5 hours. These subjects should be given enough time to describe their experiences fully.[7]

The SCID-D has been translated into Dutch and Turkish and is used in the Netherlands and Turkey.[8][9]

DSM-IV editions of SCID

Axis I Disorders (SCID-I) is a diagnostic exam used to determine DSM-IV Axis I disorders (major mental disorders). The SCID-II is a diagnostic exam used to determine Axis II disorders (personality disorders). There are at least 700 published studies in which the SCID was the diagnostic instrument used. Major parts of the SCID have been translated into other languages, including Danish, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish, and Zulu.

There are several editions of the SCID-I addressed to different audiences:[10]

  • Three Research Versions:
    • Patient Edition (SCID-I/P)[11]
    • Patient Edition, with psychotic screen (SCID-I/P W/ PSY SCREEN)[12]
    • Non-patient Edition (SCID-I/NP),[13]
  • A Clinical Trials Version (SCID-CT)[14]
  • Clinician Version (SCID-CV)[15]

The SCID-II for DSM-IV comes in a single edition.[16]

An Axis I SCID assessment with a psychiatric patient usually takes between 1 and 2 hours, depending on the complexity of the subject's psychiatric history and their ability to clearly describe episodes of current and past symptoms. A SCID with a non-psychiatric patient takes 1⁄2 hour to 1+1⁄2 hours. (See editions below.) A SCID-II personality assessment takes about 1⁄2 to 1 hour.

DSM-5 editions of SCID

SCID-5-RV (Research Version) is the most comprehensive version of the SCID-5. It contains more disorders and includes all of the relevant subtypes and severity and course specifiers. An important feature is its customizability, allowing the instrument to be tailored to meet the requirements of a particular study. SCID-5-CV (Clinician Version) is a reformatted version of the SCID-5-RV for use by clinicians. It covers the most common diagnoses seen in clinical settings. Despite the "clinician" designation, it can be used in research as long as the disorders of interest are among those included in this version. SCID-5-CT (Clinical Trials version) is an adaptation of the SCID-5-RV that has been optimized for use in clinical trials.

SCID-5-PD (Personality Disorders version) is used to evaluate the 10 personality disorders. Its name reflects the elimination of the multiaxial system of the SCID-IV. The SCID-5-AMPD (Alternative Model for Personality Disorders) provides dimensional and categorical approaches to personality disorders. Designed for trained clinicians, the modular format allows the researcher or clinician to focus on those aspects of the Alternative Model of most interest.[17]

See also

References

  1. ^ "SCID website, Columbia University".
  2. ^ "SCID-IV, Columbia University".
  3. ^ "What is the SCID-5?, Columbia University".
  4. ^ Spitzer, Robert L, Williams Janet BW, Gibbon Miriam, First Michael B, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Axis II Disorders,(SCID-II), Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1990
  5. ^ "The Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID); History, Rational, and Description".
  6. ^ Steinberg, Marlene (1994). Interviewer's Guide to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) Revised Edition. p. 5.
  7. ^ Steinberg, Marlene (1994). Interviewer's Guide to the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders (SCID-D) Revised Edition. p. 31.
  8. ^ Boon S, Draijer N (1991). "Diagnosing dissociative disorders in The Netherlands: a pilot study with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R Dissociative Disorders". The American Journal of Psychiatry. 148 (4): 458–62. doi:10.1176/ajp.148.4.458. PMID 2006691.
  9. ^ Kundakçi T, Sar V, Kiziltan E, Yargiç IL, Tutkun H (2014). "Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM–IVDissociative Disorders (SCID-D): A Preliminary Study". Journal of Trauma & Dissociation. 15 (1): 24–34. doi:10.1080/15299732.2013.821434. PMID 24377970.
  10. ^ "SCID-IV". Columbia University Department of Psychiatry. 11 July 2018.
  11. ^ First, Michael B., Spitzer, Robert L, Gibbon Miriam, and Williams, Janet B.W.: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition. (SCID-I/P) New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, November 2002.
  12. ^ First, Michael B., Spitzer, Robert L, Gibbon Miriam, and Williams, Janet B.W.: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Patient Edition With Psychotic Screen (SCID-I/P W/ PSY SCREEN) New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, November 2002.
  13. ^ First, Michael B., Spitzer, Robert L, Gibbon Miriam, and Williams, Janet B.W.: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Research Version, Non-patient Edition. (SCID-I/NP) New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, November 2002.
  14. ^ First, Michael B., Williams, Janet B.W., Spitzer, Robert L., and Gibbon, Miriam: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR Axis I Disorders, Clinical Trials Version (SCID-CT). New York: Biometrics Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute, 2007.
  15. ^ First, Michael B., Spitzer, Robert L, Gibbon Miriam, and Williams, Janet B.W.: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders, Clinician Version (SCID-CV). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1996.
  16. ^ First, MB., Gibbon M, Spitzer RL, Williams, JBW, Benjamin LS.: Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders, (SCID-II). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Press, Inc., 1997.
  17. ^ "About the SCID-5, American Psychiatric Association".
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