Volume-Control Model
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The Volume-Control Model[1] is an analytical framework to describe the conditions that allow the transition of information into power. It requires controlling and regulating the connections between large volume of information and people. This could be achieved by maintaining a balance between popular and personal information. While popular information is relevant to a large audience, personal information is relevant to specific people. Ultimately, this is often practiced by network customization, which is tailoring information to specific groups based on common traits.

Segev[1] uses this model to explain the bias of Google Images search, in which the vast majority of results to the query "beauty" present white females. While the unique search query "beauty" enables personalization of images, all of them are similar to each other. Taken from beauty industry company websites, they represent the mainstream perception of beauty as a product. The trade-off between popularization and personalization techniques in the practice of large corporations such Netflix or Instagram can similarly explain the seemingly different but largely homogeneous content they produce.