Network operating system
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History
Early microcomputer operating systems such as CP/M, MS-DOS and classic Mac OS were designed for one user on one computer.[citation needed] Packet switching networks were developed to share hardware resources, such as a mainframe computer, a printer or a large and expensive hard disk.[1] As local area network technology became available, two general approaches to handle sharing of resources on networks arose.[citation needed]
Historically a network operating system was an operating system for a computer which implemented network capabilities. Operating systems with a network stack allowed personal computers to participate in a client-server architecture in which a server enables multiple clients to share resources, such as printers.[2][3][4] Early examples of client-server operating systems that were shipped with fully integrated network capabilities are Novell NetWare using the Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX) network protocol and Banyan VINES which used a variant of the Xerox Network Systems (XNS) protocols.[citation needed]
These limited client/server networks were gradually replaced by Peer-to-peer networks, which used networking capabilities to share resources and files located on a variety of computers of all sizes. A peer-to-peer network sets all connected computers equal; they all share the same abilities to use resources available on the network.[3] The most popular peer-to-peer networks as of 2020 are Ethernet, Wi-Fi and the Internet protocol suite. Software that allowed users to interact with these networks, despite a lack of networking support in the underlying manufacturer's operating system, was sometimes called a network operating system. Examples of such add-on software include Phil Karn's KA9Q NOS (adding Internet support to CP/M and MS-DOS), PC/TCP Packet Drivers (adding Ethernet and Internet support to MS-DOS), and LANtastic (for MS-DOS, Microsoft Windows and OS/2), and Windows for Workgroups (adding NetBIOS to Windows). Examples of early operating systems with peer-to-peer networking capabilities built-in include MacOS (using AppleTalk and LocalTalk), and the Berkeley Software Distribution.[citation needed]
Today, distributed computing and groupware applications have become the norm. Computer operating systems include a networking stack as a matter of course.[1] During the 1980s the need to integrate dissimilar computers with network capabilities grew and the number of networked devices grew rapidly. Partly because it allowed for multi-vendor interoperability, and could route packets globally rather than being restricted to a single building, the Internet protocol suite became almost universally adopted in network architectures. Thereafter, computer operating systems and the firmware of network devices tended to support Internet protocols.[5]
Network device operating systems
Network operating systems can be embedded in a router or hardware firewall that operates the functions in the network layer (layer 3).[6] Notable network operating systems include:
Proprietary network operating systems
- Cisco IOS, a family of network operating systems used on Cisco Systems routers and network switches. (Earlier switches ran the Catalyst operating system, or CatOS)
- RouterOS by MikroTik
- ZyNOS, used in network devices made by ZyXEL
FreeBSD, NetBSD, and Linux-based operating systems
- Cisco NX-OS, IOS XE, and IOS XR; families of network operating systems used across various Cisco Systems device including the Cisco Nexus and Cisco ASR platforms
- Cumulus Linux distribution, which uses the full TCP/IP stack of Linux
- DD-WRT, a Linux kernel-based firmware for wireless routers and access points as well as low-cost networking device platforms such as the Linksys WRT54G
- Dell Networking Operating System; DNOS9 is NetBSD based, while OS10 uses the Linux kernel
- Extensible Operating System runs on switches from Arista and uses an unmodified Linux kernel
- ExtremeXOS (EXOS), used in network devices made by Extreme Networks
- FTOS (Force10 Operating System), the firmware family used on Force10 Ethernet switches
- ONOS, an open source SDN operating system (hosted by Linux Foundation) for communications service providers that is designed for scalability, high performance and high availability.
- OpenWrt used to route IP packets on embedded devices
- pfSense, a fork of M0n0wall, which uses PF
- OPNsense, a fork of pfSense
- SONiC, a Linux-based network operating system developed by Microsoft
- VyOS, an open source fork of the Vyatta routing package
See also
- Distributed operating system
- FRRouting
- Network Computer Operating System
- Network functions virtualization
- Operating System Projects
- Interruptible operating system
- SONiC (operating system)
References
- ^ a b Understanding Operating Systems (6 ed.). cengage Learning. 2012. p. 318. ISBN 9781133417569.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Dean, Tamara (2009). "Network Operating Systems", Network+ Guide to Networks, 421(483)
- ^ a b Winkelman, Dr. Roy (2009). "Chapter 6: Software", An Educator's Guide to School Networks, 6.
- ^ Davis, Ziff (2011). "network operating system", PCmag.comRetrieved 5/7/2011.
- ^ Understanding Operating Systems (6 ed.). cengage Learning. 2012. p. 305. ISBN 9781133417569.
{{cite book}}: Unknown parameter|authors=ignored (help) - ^ Al-Shawakfa, Emad; Evens, Martha (2001). "The Dialoguer: An Interactive Bilingual Interface to a Network Operating System.", Expert Systems Vol. 18 Issue 3, p131, 19p, Retrieved 5/7/2011.
External links