Computer organization
 | It has been suggested that this article be merged with Microarchitecture. (Discuss) Proposed since February 2007. |
In computer science computer organization is a description of the electrical circuitry of a computer that is sufficient for completely describing the operation of the hardware. It is distinct from a computer's instruction set architecture, which is the abstract image of a computing system that is seen by a machine language (or assembly language) programmer, including the instruction set, memory address modes, processor registers, and address and data formats. The computer organization is a lower level, more concrete, description of the system that involves how the constituent parts of the system are interconnected and how they interoperate in order to implement the architectural specification.[1][2][3]
Different machines may have the same instruction set architecture, and thus be capable of executing the same programs, yet have different organizations. The organization of a machine is usually represented as a block diagram that describes the interconnections of the registers, buses, and operatorsTemplate:Fn of the machine. The computer organization of a machine is also known as the implementation of the computer architecture. The actual physical circuit layout, hardware construction, packaging, and other physical details are, in turn, the hardware realization of the implementation. Two machines may have the same computer organization, i.e. the same block diagram, but different hardware realizations.[4][5]
Computer organization, instruction set architecture and hardware together constitute the field of computer architecture. [6]
Integrated circuit design
In integrated circuit design, organizing integrated circuits to implement a computer architecture is the province of hardware designers. A hardware designer will create a description of the computer organization, analogous to a block diagram, in a hardware description language such as VHDL or Verilog. This will be a register transfer level design, which is then translated (usually with the aid of electronic design automation tools) into the exact a specification for the device's logic gates by the process of logic synthesis.
Footnotes
- Template:Fnb In the context of the organization of a central processing unit, an operator is a collection of logic gates that comprises a functional unit within the processor, such as a barrel shifter or a final adder.
References
- ^ Phillip A. Laplante (2001). Dictionary of Computer Science, Engineering, and Technology. CRC Press. pp. 94–95. ISBN 0849326915.
- ^ William F. Gilreath and Phillip A. Laplante (2003). Computer Architecture: A Minimalist Perspective. Springer. p. 5. ISBN 1402074166.
- ^ Sivarama P. Dandamudi (2003). Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Design. Springer. p. 5. ISBN 038795211X.
- ^ Jack Belzer, Albert G. Holzman, and Allen Kent (1981). "Digital Computer Architecture". Encyclopedia of computer science and technology. Marcel Dekker. pp. 289–290. ISBN 0824722574.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Wendy M. (EDT) Middleton (2001). "Computer Organization and Programming". Reference Data for Engineers: radio, electronics, computers and communications. Newnes. pp. 42–3. ISBN 0750672919.
- ^ John L. Hennessy and David A. Patterson (2003). Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach (Third Edition ed.). Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1558605967.
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Further reading
- D. Patterson and J. Hennessy (2004-08-02). Computer Organization and Design: The Hardware/Software Interface. Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, Inc. ISBN 1558606041.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - V. C. Hamacher, Z. G. Vrasenic, and S. G. Zaky (2001-08-02). Computer Organization. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0072320869.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - William Stallings (2002-07-15). Computer Organization and Architecture. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0130351199.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - J. P. Hayes (2002-09-03). Computer Architecture and Organization. ISBN 0072861983.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help); Unknown parameter|publiher=ignored (|publisher=suggested) (help) - Gary Michael Schneider (1985). The Principles of Computer Organization. Wiley. pp. 6–7. ISBN 0471885525.
- M. Morris Mano (1992-10-19). Computer System Architecture. Prentice Hall. p. 3. ISBN 0131755633.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help) - Mostafa Abd-El-Barr and Hesham El-Rewini (2004-12-03). Fundamentals of Computer Organization and Architecture. Wiley-Interscience. p. 1. ISBN 0471467413.
{{cite book}}: Check date values in:|date=(help)
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