Transition metal ether complex
In chemistry, a transition metal ether complex is a coordination complex consisting of a transition metal bonded to one or more ether ligand. The inventory of complexes is extensive.[1] Common ether ligands are diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran. Common chelating ether ligands include the glymes, dimethoxyethane and diglyme, and the crown ethers.
Bonding and structure
Ethers are L-type ligands. They are σ-donors that exert weak field ligands. They resemble water ligands as seen in aquo complexes. They do not participate in hydrogen bonding. Being lipophilic, metal-ether complexes often exhibit solubility in organic solvents, a property of interest in synthetic chemistry.
Reactions
Being weakly basic ligands, ether ligands tend to be easily displaceable. Otherwise, ether ligands are relatively unreactive. Cyclic ethers such as thf can ring-open when bound to early metals.
Examples
Homoleptic ether complexes are uncommon. Some examples:
Homoleptic complexes
Metal chloride complexes
Metal carbonyl complexes
- W(CO)5(thf)
- Mo(CO)3(diglyme)
References
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Choukroun, Robert; Moumboko, Pierre; Chevalier, Sandrine; Etienne, Michel; Donnadieu, Bruno (1998). "Cationic Homoleptic Vanadium(II), (IV), and (V) Complexes Arising from Protonolysis of [V(NEt2)4]". Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 37 (22): 3169–3172. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-3773(19981204)37:22<3169::AID-ANIE3169>3.0.CO;2-0. PMID 29711321.
- ^ Kong, Gapgoung; Harakas, George N.; Whittlesey, Bruce R. (1995). "An Unusual Transition Metal Cluster Containing a Seven Metal Atom Plane. Syntheses and Crystal Structures of [Mn][Mn7(THF)6(CO)12]2, Mn3(THF)2(CO)10, and [Mn(THF)6][Mn(CO)5]2". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 117 (12): 3502–3509. doi:10.1021/ja00117a019.
- ^ Lichtenberg, Crispin; Adelhardt, Mario; Wörle, Michael; Büttner, Torsten; Meyer, Karsten; Grützmacher, Hansjörg (2015). "Mono- and Dinuclear Neutral and Cationic Iron(II) Compounds Supported by an Amidinato-diolefin Ligand: Characterization and Catalytic Application". Organometallics. 34 (12): 3079–3089. doi:10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00395.
- ^ Schwab, Miriam M.; Himmel, Daniel; Kacprzak, Sylwia; Radtke, Valentin; Kratzert, Daniel; Yassine, Zeinab; Weis, Philippe; Weber, Stefan; Krossing, Ingo (2018). "Reactivity of [Ni(cod)2][Al(ORF)4] towards Small Molecules and Elements". Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie. 644: 50–57. doi:10.1002/zaac.201700367.
- ^ Schäfer, André (2021). "The decades-old mystery of bis(diethyl ether)tungsten(IV) chloride solved". Acta Crystallographica Section C Structural Chemistry. 77 (4): 167–168. doi:10.1107/S2053229621002461. PMC 8020884. PMID 33818437.
- ^ Petriček, Saša (2011). "Octahedral and Tetrahedral Cobalt(II) Sites in Cobalt Chloride Complexes with Polyethers". Croatica Chemica Acta: 515–520. doi:10.5562/cca1747.
- ^ Ward, Laird G. L. (1972). "Anhydrous Nickel(II) Halides and their Tetrakis(ethanol) and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Complexes". Anhydrous Nickel (II) Halides and their Tetrakis(Ethanol) and 1,2-Dimethoxyethane Complexes. Inorganic Syntheses. Vol. 13. pp. 154–164. doi:10.1002/9780470132449.ch30. ISBN 9780470132449.