Template:Program execution

{{#invoke:Sidebar|sidebar | title = Program execution | style = margin-top: 0.5em; | contentstyle = text-align: left; | basestyle = background-color: rgba(51, 153, 255, 0.15);

| heading1 = General concepts | content1 =

• Code
• Translation
  • Compiler
    • Compile-time
  • Optimizing compiler
• Intermediate representation (IR)
• Execution
  • Runtime system
    • Runtime
  • Executable
  • Interpreter
  • Virtual machine

| heading2 = Types of code | content2 =

• Source code
• Object code
• Bytecode
• Machine code
• Microcode

| heading3 = Compilation strategies | content3 =

• Just-in-time (JIT)
  • Tracing just-in-time
• Ahead-of-time (AOT)
• Transcompilation
• Recompilation

| heading4 = Notable runtimes | content4 =

• Android Runtime (ART)
• Common Language Runtime (CLR) and Mono
• crt0
• Java virtual machine (JVM)
• Objective-C and Swift
• V8 and Node.js
• CPython and PyPy
• Zend Engine (Pp