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Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence

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Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence (HCAI) is a recent extension of Artificial Intelligence, which shifts attention to human aspects of technology. HCAI is a set of processes for designing applications that are reliable, safe, and trustworthy.[1][2] These extend the processes of user experience design such as user observation and interviews. Further processes include discussions with stakeholders, usability testing, iterative refinement and continuing evaluation in use of systems that employ AI and machine learning algorithms. Human-Centered AI manifests in products that are designed to amplify, augment, empower and enhance human performance. These products ensure high levels of human control and high levels of automation. HCAI research includes governance structures that include safety cultures within organizations and independent oversight by experienced groups that review plans for new projects, continuous evaluation of usage, and retrospective analysis of failures.[3]

The rise of HCAI is visible in topics such as explainable AI, transparency, audit trail, oversight, regulation, fairness, trustworthiness, and controllable.

Influential HCAI writers include Ruha Benjamin, Kate Crawford, Virginia Dignum, Timnit Gebru, Jaron Lanier, Cathy O'Neil, Stuart J. Russell, Brian Cantwell Smith, and Shoshana Zuboff.

Workshops

A series of workshops on HCAI topics were conducted by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST AI Workshops & Events. Established conferences such as NeurIPS ran a workshop on Human-Centered AI and the Human-Computer Interaction International held a day-long set of Special Thematic Sessions on Human-Centered AI in 2021.

Academic Research Groups

Academic research groups have emerged to cover these topics such as:

Arizona State University CHART, U.S. (Center for Human, Artificial Intelligence, and Robot Teaming) [4]

Australian National University, Australia (Humanising Machine Intelligence) [5] Brown University, U.S. (Humanity Centered Robotics Initiative) [6]

Columbia University, U.S. (Data Science Institute) [7]

Harvard University, U.S. (Berkman Klein Center for Internet and Society) [8]

Johns Hopkins University, U.S. (Institute for Assured Autonomy) [9]

Monash University, Australia (Human Centered AI) [10]

National University of Singapore, Singapore (Centre for AI Technology for Humankind) [11]

New York University, U.S. (Center for Responsible AI) [12]

Northwestern University, U.S. (Center for Human-Computer Interaction + Design) [13]

Stanford University, U.S. (Human-centered AI (HAI) Institute) [14]

Texas A&M University, U.S. (Data Analytics at Texas A&M (DATA) Lab) [15]

University of Amsterdam, Netherlands (Human(e) AI) [16]

University of British Columbia, Canada (Human-AI Interaction) [17]

University of California - Berkeley, U.S. (Center for Human-Compatible AI) [18]

University of Cambridge, U.K. (Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence) [19]

University of Canberra, Australia (Human Centred Technology Research Centre) [20]

University of Chicago, U.S. (Chicago Human+AI Lab) [21]

University of Oxford, U.K. (Institute for Ethics in AI) [22]

University of Oxford, U.K. (Internet Institute, Future of Humanity Institute) [23]

University of Toronto, Canada (Ethics of AI Lab) [24]

Utrecht University, Netherlands (Human-centered AI) [25]

References

  1. ^ "Human-Centered AI". The Human-Centered AI Group website contains resources for Human-Centered AI. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
  2. ^ Shneiderman, Ben (2020-03-23). "Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence: Reliable, Safe & Trustworthy". International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction. 36 (6): 495–504. doi:10.1080/10447318.2020.1741118. ISSN 1044-7318.
  3. ^ Shneiderman., Ben, (2022). Human-Centered AI. Oxford Univ Press. ISBN 0-19-284529-2. OCLC 1258219484.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: extra punctuation (link) CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  4. ^ https://globalsecurity.asu.edu/center-human-artificial-intelligence-and-robot-teaming
  5. ^ https://hmi.anu.edu.au/
  6. ^ https://hcri.brown.edu/
  7. ^ https://datascience.columbia.edu/
  8. ^ "About Us | Berkman Klein Center". September 2021.
  9. ^ https://iaa.jhu.edu/
  10. ^ "Human-Centred AI Lab".
  11. ^ https://bschool.nus.edu.sg/aith/
  12. ^ "Center for Responsible AI | NYU Tandon School of Engineering".
  13. ^ https://hci.northwestern.edu/
  14. ^ https://hai.stanford.edu/
  15. ^ "Xia Ben Hu, Rice University".
  16. ^ https://humane-ai.nl/
  17. ^ "Human-AI Interaction Research | Computer Science at UBC".
  18. ^ https://humancompatible.ai/
  19. ^ http://lcfi.ac.uk/
  20. ^ "Human Centred Technology Research Centre". 22 April 2015.
  21. ^ https://chicagohai.github.io/
  22. ^ "The Ethics in AI Institute".
  23. ^ "Future of Humanity Institute".
  24. ^ "Ethics of AI Lab | Centre for Ethics, University of Toronto".
  25. ^ "Human-centered Artificial Intelligence - Utrecht University".
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