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The National Science Foundation's "Women, Minorites, and Persons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering" (2021) report presents statistical information on the educational attainment and employment of women, underrepresented racial minorities (URM). Based on this report, there is a lack of racial diversity in STEM (science, technology, engineering, and math). Scholars, governments, and scientific organizations from around the world have noted a variety of explanations contributing to this lack of racial diversity, including higher levels of discrimination (implicit bias and microaggressions), systemic racism, chilly climate, lack of role models and mentors, and less academic preparation. {citations needed}

Race imbalance in STEM fields

Source: American Community Survey Title: Employed adults, by workforce, educational attainment, and race and ethnicity: 2019.

According to the the National Science Board's "The STEM Labor Force Today: Scientists, Engineers, and Skilled Technical Workers" (2021), which provides statistical data on the U.S. Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics labor force, people of color remain underrepresented in STEM occupations.

Employment, Occupation, and Income {Peyton}

See also: Gender pay gap

Using American Community Survey data, Asians represent 9%, Whites 65%, Hispanics 14%, and Blacks 9% of the STEM labor force.

Types of Jobs

Source: U.S. Census Bureau Title: Distribution and Median Earnings by Sex of Full-Time, Year-Round Workers in Select STEM Occupations: 2019

Explanations for underrepresentation of POC

Societal

Institutional

Chilly Climate

Strategies for increasing representation of POC in STEM

The CMS Girls Engineering Camp at Texas A&M University–Commerce in June 2015

For Educators

Mentors

Strategies to increase women's and girls' interest in STEM

See also

• Sex and intelligence
• International Conference of Women Engineers and Scientists
• Women in science
• Women in computing
• Association for Women in Science
• Association for Women in Mathematics
• Stereotype threat
• Pygmalion effect
• Black sheep effect
• Beyond Bias and Barriers
• Implicit stereotypes
• Glass ceiling
• Inequality in the workplace
• STEM fields
• Heuristics in judgment and decision making
• Category:Organizations for women in science and technology
• Margaret W. Rossiter History of Women in Science Prize
• Matilda effect

References

Sources

•  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC-BY-SA IGO 3.0 (license statement/permission). Text taken from A Complex Formula: Girls and Women in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics in Asia​, 15, 23–24, UNESCO, UNESCO. UNESCO.
•  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under CC BY-SA. Text taken from Cracking the code: girls' and women's education in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM)​, UNESCO.
•  This article incorporates text from a free content work. Licensed under C-BY-SA 3.0 IGO. Text taken from To be smart, the digital revolution will need to be inclusive​, Bello et al., UNESCO.

Further reading

• American Association of University Women (2010). Why So Few?
• American Association of University Women - official website and career development grants for women: [1]
• WIOA - Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act
• Natarajan, Priyamvada, "Calculating Women" (review of Margot Lee Shetterly, Hidden Figures: The American Dream and the Untold Story of the Black Women Mathematicians Who Helped Win the Space Race, William Morrow; Dava Sobel, The Glass Universe: How the Ladies of the Harvard Observatory Took the Measure of the Stars, Viking; and Nathalia Holt, Rise of the Rocket Girls: The Women Who Propelled Us, from Missiles to the Moon to Mars, Little, Brown), The New York Review of Books, vol. LXIV, no. 9 (25 May 2017), pp. 38–39.
• World Economic Forum "Global Gender Gap 2020"
• Campero S. 2020. "Hiring and Intra-occupational Gender Segregation in Software Engineering." American Sociological Review.