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Omne datum optimum

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Omne datum optimum (Latin for "Every perfect gift", a quotation from the Epistle of James1:17) was a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent II on 29 March 1139 that endorsed the Order of the Poor Knights of Christ and of the Temple of Solomon (Knights Templar), in which the Templar Rule was officially approved, and papal protection given.[1][2]

Contents

The contents of Omne datum optimum:

  • promised all spoils from Muslim conquest to the Order[3]
  • allowed the Order to build churches, cemetaries, and houses[a][5]
  • permitted a chaplain in every house[b][1]
  • leaders of the Order could expel unworthy members[1]
  • allowed chapels for members and burials[1]
  • forbid the election of an outsider as Master of the Order[1]
  • no homage or tithes were to be extracted from the Order[1]

Aftermath

Omne datum optimum was followed by Pope Celestine II's Milites Templi in 1144 and Pope Eugene III's Militia Dei in 1145, which together gave the Templars an extraordinary range of rights and privileges.[7][8]

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Selwood states that clergy, parishes, and monastic houses prevented the Order from building cemetaries, which caused them financial loss.[4]
  2. ^ Templar church and houses were served by the Order's own priests.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Barber 1978, p. 8.
  2. ^ Barber & Bate 2002, p. 59.
  3. ^ Barber 1994, p. 56-57.
  4. ^ Selwood 2001, p. 91.
  5. ^ Selwood 2001, p. 90.
  6. ^ Barber 1994, p. 195, 197.
  7. ^ Rayborn 2013, p. 43.
  8. ^ Barber & Bate 2002, p. 8.

Sources

  • Barber, Malcolm (1978). The Trial of the Templars. Cambridge University Press.
  • Barber, Malcolm (1994). The New Knighthood. Cambridge University Press.
  • Barber, Malcolm; Bate, A. K. (2002). The Templars: selected sources. Manchester University Press. pp. 59–. ISBN 978-0-7190-5110-4. Retrieved 5 May 2011.
  • Nicholson, Helen J.; Burgtorf, Jochen, eds. (2020). The Templars, the Hospitallers and the Crusades: Essays in Homage to Alan J Forey. Routledge.
  • Rayborn, Tim (2013). The Violent Pilgrimage: Christians, Muslims and Holy Conflicts, 850-1150. McFarland, Inc.
  • Selwood, Dominic (2001). Knights of the Cloister: Templars and Hospitallers in Central-southern Occitania, C.1100-c.1300. The Boydell Press.
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