Graphium angolanus

Angola white lady
Conservation status
	Not evaluated (IUCN 2.3)
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Lepidoptera
Family:	Papilionidae
Genus:	Graphium
Species:	G. angolanus
Binomial name
	Graphium angolanus; (Goeze, 1779).
Subspecies
	See text
Synonyms
	Papilio angolanus Goeze, 1779; Graphium pylades; Papilio corinneus Bertoloni, 1850; Papilio anthemenes Wallengren, 1857; Papilio pylades lapydes Suffert, 1904; Papilio pylades angolanus ab. kitungulua Strand, 1911; Papilio pylades-angolanus ab. hypochroa Boullet & Le Cerf, 1912; Papilio angolanus ab. spoliatus Schultze, 1913; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. dawanti Dufrane, 1946; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. wansoni Dufrane, 1946; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. jottrandi Dufrane, 1946; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. deficiens Dufrane, 1946; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. blariauxi Dufrane, 1946; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades angolanus ab. addenda Dufrane, 1946; Graphium angolanus howelli Turlin & Lequeux, 1992; Graphium angolanus howelli f. jozani Turlin & Lequeux, 1992; Papilio corineus; Papilio pylades baronis Ungemach, 1932; Papilio pylades Fabricius, 1793; Papilio (Cosmodesmus) pylades pylades ab. houzeaui Dufrane, 1946; Graphium calabar Hancock, 1985;

Graphium angolanus, the Angola white lady, is a species of butterfly in the family Papilionidae (swallowtails). It is found in Sub-Saharan Africa.^[2]

Description

The wingspan is 65–70 mm in males and 70–75 mm in females.The discal spot in cellule 3 is entirely absent or is .small and quite free, not reaching the base of the cellule; cell of the forewing without white hindmarginal spot or with only a very small one. From the Congo region southwards to Natal and eastwards to British East Africa, ab. lapydes Suff. only differs from angolanus in that the cell of the forewing has a hindmarginal spot, which however only reaches vein 3; German East Africa: Kilossa.

Biology

The fight period is year-round, peaking in November and February.^[3]

The caterpillars feed on Annona senegalensis, Sphedamnocarpus pruriens, Uvaria species, Landolphia buchannani, and Landolphia ugandensis.^[2]^[3]

Subspecies

G. a. angolanus (Angola, southern Democratic Republic of the Congo, coast of Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Zambia, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, northern Botswana, northern Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Comoros)
G. a. baronis Ungemach, 1932 ^[4](Senegal, Gambia, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Sierra Leone, Ivory Coast, Mali, Burkina Faso, Ghana, Togo, Benin, Niger, Nigeria, São Tomé and Príncipe, Cameroon, Congo, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Chad, Sudan, Uganda, Rwanda, Burundi, Ethiopia, western Kenya, Tanzania)

Taxonomy

Graphium angolanus belongs to a clade with six members. All have similar genitalia. The pattern is black with white marks above and with brick-red areas beneath. In G. endochus the white areas above are extensive and cover most of the wings and in G. ridleyanus the marks are usually bright red not white. The clade members are:

Graphium angolanus (Goeze, 1779)
Graphium endochus (Boisduval, 1836)
Graphium morania (Angas, 1849)
Graphium taboranus (Oberthür, 1886)
Graphium schaffgotschi (Niepelt, 1927)
Graphium ridleyanus (White, 1843)

Realm

Afrotropical realm

References

^ Goeze, J.A.E. [1779]. Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems 3 (1): xl, 1-390. Leipzig..
^ ^a ^b Graphium angolanus, funet.fi
^ ^a ^b Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.
^ Ungemach, H. 1932. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres d’Abyssinie. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 1-122.

Carcasson, R.H. (1960) The Swallowtail Butterflies of East Africa (Lepidoptera, Papilionidae). Journal of the East Africa Natural History Society pdf (as pylades) Key to East Africa members of the species group, diagnostic and other notes and figures. (Permission to host granted by The East Africa Natural History Society).

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[1] Goeze, J.A.E. [1779]. Entomologische Beytrage zu des Ritter Linne zwolften Ausgabe des Natursystems 3 (1): xl, 1-390. Leipzig..

[funet-2] Graphium angolanus, funet.fi

[Woodhall-3] Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN 978-1-86872-724-7.

[4] Ungemach, H. 1932. Contribution a l’etude des Lepidopteres d’Abyssinie. Memoires de la Societe des Sciences Naturelles (et Physiques) du Maroc 32: 1-122.

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