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For the English cricketer, see Jack Whiting.
Jack Whiting
Born
Albert Draper Whiting, Jr.

(1901-06-22)June 22, 1901
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.
DiedFebruary 15, 1961(1961-02-15) (aged 59)
New York City, U.S.
Occupations
  • Stage performer
  • actor
  • singer
  • dancer
  • film actor
Years activeearly 1920s–1958
Style
RelativesDouglas Fairbanks, Jr. (stepson)

Jack Whiting (born Albert Draper Whiting, Jr.; June 22, 1901 – February 15, 1961) was an American actor, singer and dancer whose career ran from the early 1920s through the late 1950s. He performed in 30 musicals on Broadway, including Stepping Stones (1923–1924), Hold Everything! (1928–1929), America's Sweetheart (1931), Hooray for What! (1937–1938), Hold On to Your Hats (1940–1941), Hazel Flagg (1953), The Golden Apple (1954), and Annie Get Your Gun (1958). Whiting enjoyed great success with a few hit songs, such as "You're the Cream in My Coffee" (1928), "I've Got Five Dollars" (1931), and "Every Street's A Boulevard In Old New York" (1953). He starred in London's West End premieres of Anything Goes (1935–1936) and On Your Toes (1937), and made some recordings while in England.

Whiting appeared in a few non-musical plays such as Aren't We All? (1923), The Overtons (1945), and A Girl Can Tell (1953), and toured around the US with Arsenic and Old Lace twice (1942 and 1944), and with the musicals The Red Mill (1947) and High Button Shoes (1948–1949). He starred in a handful of films during the 1930s, including the British musical Sailing Along (1938) with Jessie Matthews, and the American comedy Give Me a Sailor (1938) with Bob Hope and Betty Grable. Whiting featured in several popular television shows in the 1950s, as his career drew to a close.

Early life

Whiting was born on June 22, 1901 in Philadelphia, where he worked as a stenographer before going on the vaudeville stage as a young amateur actor[1] with the Mask and Wig Club at the University of Pennsylvania[2] and developing a career as a singer and dancer, often portraying a smiling, blond leading man.[3]

Career

1922–1930: Early Broadway musicals, Aren't We All?

Whiting’s debut on Broadway was in the 1922 edition of Ziegfeld Follies, in which he sang "Flappers" with the Connor Twins (sisters Thelma and Velma).[4] His career took off and he featured in many musicals where, as stated by Broadway chronicler Thomas Hischak: "he played the all-American boy who gets the all-American girl".[3] In September 1922, he joined the cast of Orange Blossoms, to play one of the eight "Gentlemen in the case" with whom he sang three songs: "On the Riviera", "Orange Blossoms" and "Let's Not Get Married" (all by Victor Herbert and Buddy DeSylva).[5] The following April, he appeared as Bruce in Cinders, again in a group of nine gentlemen singing "I'm Simply Mad about the Boys", "You and I", "The Argentine Arago", and "Cinders" (all by Rudolf Friml and Edward Clark).[6]

From May 1923, he appeared as Martin Steele with Leslie Howard in the Broadway staging of the drawing room comedy Aren't We All?, which ran for 32 performances.[7][8]

In November 1923, he played the role of Captain Paul in the musical comedy Stepping Stones (1923–1924).[9]

He played Alfred Weatherby in Annie Dear (1924–1925), in which he joined other cast members to sing "The Only Girl" (by Clifford Grey and Sigmund Romberg) and "Help, Help, Help" (by Clare Kummer), and to dance in "A Comic Fantasy" (also by Kummer).[10]

He played Larry Patton in When You Smile (1925) and sang "One Little Girl" with the Girls in the cast, as well as "Gee, We Get Along" and "Oh, What a Girl", both with Wynne Gibson (all songs by Phil Cook and Tom Johnstone). During the latter song, Whiting and Gibson also performed a dumbshow duet to the orchestra's mock sounds of flute, horn and saxophone in musical conversation.[11]

He played Tommy Lansing in Rainbow Rose (1926), in which he sang "Jealous" with Billy Tichenor and Dancers, "If You Were Someone Else and Someone Else Were Only Here" with Shirley Sherman and Ensemble, and "Let's Get Married" with Billy Tichenor (all songs by Owen Murphy and Harold Levey).[12]

He played Billy Shannon in The Ramblers (1926–1927), in which he sang "All Alone Monday" and "You Smiled at Me", both with Marie Saxon and Chorus, and reprised "All Alone Monday" with Saxon, Eleanor Dawn, Blaine Cordner and Chorus (all songs by Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby).[13]

He played Robert Bennett in Yes, Yes, Yvette (1927), in which he sang "My Lady" (by Ben Jerome and Frank Crumit) and "How'd You Like To?" (by Irving Caesar, and music by Stephen Jones), both with Jeanette MacDonald. Charles Brackett wrote in The New Yorker that Whiting was "certainly the most promising jeune premier in his department."[14]

He played Bob Martin in She’s My Baby (1928), in which he sang "You're All I Need" with Irene Dunne, "Camera Shoot" with Beatrice Lillie and Clifton Webb, "Trio" with Webb and Nick Long Jr., and "Wasn't It Great?" with Long Jr., William McCarthy, Joan Clement, Pearl Eaton, Phyllis Rae and Ensemble (all songs by Lorenz Hart and Richard Rodgers).[15]

He played "Sonny Jim" Brooks in Hold Everything! (1928–1929), in which he sang "Footwork", "You're the Cream in My Coffee"[16] with Ona Munson, "Too Good To Be True", and "To Know You Is to Love You" also with Munson (all songs by Ray Henderson, Lew Brown and Buddy DeSylva).[17]

He played Lieutenant Jack Mason in Heads Up! (1929–1930), in which he sang "Why Do You Suppose?" and "It Must be Heaven", both with Barbara Newberry, and "A Ship Without a Sail" (all songs by Hart and Rodgers).[18][3]

1930–1935: Early films and more Broadway musicals

In 1930, Whiting turned to acting in three musical comedy films in succession. In June of that year, he joined the cast of College Lovers, in which he starred in the role of Frank Taylor alongside Marian Nixon.[19] He was Jerry Brooks in Top Speed with Joe E. Brown and Bernice Claire,[20] and A. J. Smith in The Life of the Party with Winnie Lightner.[21] The following year, he starred opposite Irene Delroy as Jack Ames in Men of the Sky, a spy drama film with songs.[22]

In February 1931, Whiting opened Rodgers and Hart's America's Sweetheart (1931) in the role of Michael Perry, singing three songs with Ann Sothern (née Harriette Lake): "I've Got Five Dollars", "We'll Be the Same", and "Hello Folks! Goodbye Folks!", as well as "How About It?" with Inez Courtney.[23] The New York Times said: "Jack Whiting of the blonde hair and baritone voice and Harriette Lake are a personable pair of musical comedy bandmasters. 'I've Got Five Dollars' is far more romantic than it sounds. It is the pet melody of Jack Whiting and H.L. the inevitable love interest."[24]

He played three roles in Take A Chance (1932–1933): Kenneth Raleigh, Ronald in scene "Blackmail", and Daniel Boone in scene "Daniel Boone's Defense". He sang "So Do I" and "I Long To Belong To You", both with June Knight, "Tickled Pink" with the Girls, and "Turn Out the Light" with Sid Silvers, Jack Haley, June Knight and the Girls (all by Nacio Herb Brown, Richard A. Whiting and Buddy DeSylva),[25]

He featured as himself in Harry Akst and Lew Brown's Calling All Stars (1934–1935), singing three songs with Mitzi Mayfair: "Thinking Out Loud", "I Don't Want To Be President", and "I'd Like To Dunk You In My Coffee", as well as "If It's Love" with Ella Logan, Martha Raye, Judy Canova, plus Boys and Girls.[26]

1935–1938: Musicals in London West End, Sailing Along

In June 1935, he joined the London production of Cole Porter's Anything Goes (1935–1936),[27] in which he played Billy Crocker. He sang "I Get a Kick Out of You" and "You're the Top" with Jeanne Aubert, "All Through the Night" with Adele Dixon, and "Anything Goes" with the Entire Company.[28]

In May 1936, he also starred in the London production of Rise and Shine (1936) by Harry Graham & Desmond Carter and Robert Stolz, in which he played Jack Harding, with Binnie Hale as Anne.[29][30] One of the show's songs was "I'm Building Up to an Awful Letdown", written by Fred Astaire and Johnny Mercer.[31] On May 8, 1936, The Times commented that while the piece had every possible element of a spectacular musical, it lacked "the impact of a unifying and selective personality."[29]

The London premiere of On Your Toes took place on February 5, 1937 for 123 performances, in which he sang the title song, and "There's a Small Hotel" with Vera Zorina. Whiting, backed by the New Mayfair Orchestra, also recorded two medleys from the show: one comprised "There's a Small Hotel", "Glad to Be Unhappy", "Quiet Night", and a reprise of "There's a Small Hotel"; the other "It's Got to Be Love", "On Your Toes", "The Heart Is Quicker Than the Eye", and "Slaughter on Tenth Avenue" from the musical ballet of the same name. All of Whiting's recording from On Your Toes are included in the collection Jack Whiting & Jessie Matthews, which also offers two songs from the 1935 production of Anything Goes: "All Through the Night" sung by Whiting and "You're the Top" with Jeanne Aubert.[32][3] On May 21, 1937, Whiting appeared in an episode of the British television series Theatre Parade.[citation needed]

He starred as Dicky Randall in the British film Sailing Along (1938) with Jessie Matthews, in which he sings and dances to "Souvenir of Love" and "My Heart Skips a Beat" by Arthur Johnston and Maurice Sigler.[33]

1938–1945: Return to Broadway, Give Me a Sailor, national tours

Whiting returned to the US in late 1937 and joined Yip Harburg and Harold Arlen's Hooray for What! (1937–1938). In the role of Breezy Cunningham, he sang five songs with June Clyde: "God's Country" (also with dancers), "I've Got Romantic on You", "Napoleon's a Pastry", "Down With Love" (also with Vivian Vance and Ensemble), and "In the Shade of the New Apple Tree" (also with Ralph Blane, Hugh Martin, and dancers). During the opening night in New York, Whiting became ill with a cold and a temperature of 102 degrees, and was replaced by Roy Roberts.[34]

From mid-April until early June 1938,[35] Whiting joined the cast of Give Me a Sailor, a comedy film directed by Elliott Nugent in which he starred alongside Bob Hope, Martha Raye and Betty Grable.[3]

He played Johnny Graham in Jerome Kern and Oscar Hammerstein II's Very Warm for May (1939–1940), singing "Heaven In My Arms" with Frances Mercer and Hollace Shaw (also with dancers), "Scottische Scena" with Grace McDonald, and "All In Fun" with Mercer.[36]

He played Wing D'Hautville in Walk With Music (1940)[37] and sang "Even If I Say It Myself" with Alice Dudley and Kenneth Stock, "Walk with Music" with Kitty Carlisle and Ensemble, "Break It Up, Cinderella" with Mitzi Green and Ensemble, "Smile for the Press" and "Friends of the Family" with Carlisle and Art Jarrett, "Today I Am a Glamour Girl" with Carlisle, Green, Jarrett, Betty Lawford and Marty May (all songs by Johnny Mercer and Hoagy Carmichael). Soon after the Broadway opening, Whiting left the show to go into Hold On to Your Hats (1940–1941) as Pete, and sang two songs with Eunice Healey and others: "The World Is in My Arms" and "Don't Let It Get You Down" (all songs by E. Y. Harburg and Burton Lane).[38]

In April 1942, Whiting joined the national roadshow of the play Arsenic and Old Lace as Mortimer Brewster alongside Erich von Stroheim's Jonathan Brewster.[a][39] In October of that year, he returned to a musical theatre role by playing Damon Dillingham in Beat the Band (1942), in which he sang "Keep It Casual" and "Let's Comb Beaches" with Susan Miller, "Proud of You", "America Loves a Band", "Steam Is on the Beam", "Every Other Heartbeat", and "The Four Freedoms—Calypso" (all songs by George Marion Jr. and Johnny Green).[40]

In January 1944, he reprised his role of Mortimer Brewster in another national tour of Arsenic and Old Lace throughout the Midwest and East Coast, this time with Bela Lugosi as Jonathan Brewster, for a run of 80 performances that lasted until June 1944.[41] In February 1945, he played Jack Overton in The Overtons, a non-musical play which ran until July for 175 performances across three New York theatres.[42][2]

1945–1958: Post-war years on Broadway, national tours, television

He played Con Kidder in replacement of Michael O'Shea in The Red Mill (1945–1947)[43] at least once on February 18, 1946, for an unknown period.[44] After the Broadway run ended on January 4, 1947, Whiting reprised the role full-time during the play's national tour in 1947.[b][45] In that role, he sang "Whistle It", "(Always) Go While the Goin' Is Good", "Good-a-bye, John", and "The Streets of New York (In Old New York)".

He played Henry "Papa" Longstreet during the national tour of High Button Shoes (1948–1949), opening in Boston (April 14, 1948),[46][47] for at least 16 shows throughout the Midwest and Great Plains, including Chicago, Denver, Minneapolis, Los Angeles (August 15, 1949),[48], and closing in Kansas City (December 31, 1949).[citation needed] He sang "Get Away for a Day in the Country" with Andy Sanders in the role of Stevie Longstreet, "Papa, Wont You Dance with Me?" and "I Still Get Jealous" with Audrey Meadows as Sara Longstreet, and "He Tried to Make a Dollar" with the entire company.[46][47]

In 1951, Springtime Folly, a non-musical comedy play in three acts.[49][50][51]

In May 1952, he played three roles (The Chief Justice, Guide, and Senator from Massachusetts) in George and Ira Gershwin's Of Thee I Sing, which opened at the Ziegfeld Theatre and ran for 72 performances until July 5, 1952. Whiting sang "(Entrance of) The Supreme Court Justices" with Male Ensemble, and "The (Senatorial) Roll Call" with Paul Hartman, Donald Foster, Howard Freeman, Mort Marshall and Male Ensemble. This 1952 revival was recorded by Capitol (LP S-350).[52]

In February, 1953, Whiting played the Mayor of New York in Hazel Flagg (1953), in which he sang Jule Styne and Bob Hilliard's "Every Street's A Boulevard In Old New York" to great critical acclaim and, shortly after the opening, his name was placed above the title. The cast recording was released by RCA Victor (LP # 1010).[53]

In 1953, he was in A Girl Can Tell, a comedy play in three acts.[54][55][56]

The Golden Apple (1954)

Whiting's final New York stage appearance was as agent Charlie Davenport at the New York City Center's 1958 revival of Annie Get Your Gun,[3] in which he opened Act I singing "Colonel Buffalo Bill" with Ensemble, and "There's No Business Like Show Business" with James Rennie, David Atkinson and Betty Jane Watson. The show ran for 16 performances from February 19 to March 2, 1958.[57]

On television, Whiting secured minor roles in drama series such as the Armstrong Circle Theatre (1952 and 1954), Studio One (1955), Star Stage (1955), and The Alcoa Hour (1955), as well as The Joseph Cotten Show: On Trial and The Marge And Gower Champion Show (both 1957). He also performed in Paris in the Springtime (1956), a live telecast produced by Max Liebman and starring Dan Dailey, Gale Sherwood and Helen Gallagher, in which he reprised "Down With Love" from Hooray for What!.[58]

Personal life

In early 1929, Anna Beth Fairbanks (Douglas Fairbanks’s ex-wife,[c] née Sully[59]), attended a performance of Hold Everything! in which Whiting was the leading man; they met and became inseparable.[60] A few months later, they agreed to be witnesses at the wedding of her son Douglas Fairbanks, Jr. and Joan Crawford on June 3, 1929.[61][62] Whiting and Beth got married only a few weeks later, on June 28, 1929.[63] In his 1988 autobiography, Fairbanks, Jr. wrote: "Jack was a handsome redhead, about twenty-seven or -eight years old, with a virile baritone that helped make 'You're the Cream in My Coffee' a successful song. (...) Jack was warm and friendly, and we hit it off handsomely.[60] (...) I had a new stepfather – charming, gifted, and only eight or nine years older than I."[64]

He had a talent for dancing that was equal – some say – to Fred Astaire's or Gene Kelly's.

— Douglas Fairbanks, Jr., The Salad Days (1989).[60]

Death

Whiting died of acute coronary thrombosis in his Manhattan apartment on Wednesday, February 15, 1961, while watching television with his wife Beth.[65]

Work

Further information: User:Pdebee/List of songs introduced by Jack Whiting

Musical theatre

In the table below, all theatres are located in New York, NY, except where indicated otherwise.

Title Role Theatre Opening date Closing date # of perf. Notes
Ziegfeld Follies (Singer) New Amsterdam Theatre June 5, 1922 June 23, 1923 424 [3][66][67]
Orange Blossoms (One of the Gentlemen) Fulton Theatre September 19, 1922 December 9, 1922 95 [68][69]
Cinders Bruce Dresden Theatre April 3, 1923 April 28, 1923 31 [70]
Stepping Stones Captain Paul Globe Theatre November 6, 1923 October 4, 1924 281 [71][72]
Annie Dear Alfred Weatherby Times Square Theatre November 4, 1924 January 31, 1925 103 [73][74]
When You Smile Larry Patton National Theatre October 5, 1925 October 18, 1925 49 [75][76]
Central Theatre October 19, 1925 November 14, 1925
Rainbow Rose Tommy Lansing Forrest Theatre March 16, 1926 May 1, 1926 55 [77][78]
The Ramblers Billy Shannon Lyric Theatre September 20, 1926 May 28, 1927 289 [79][80]
Yes, Yes, Yvette Robert Bennett Sam H. Harris Theatre October 3, 1927 November 5, 1927 40 [81][82]
She’s My Baby Bob Martin Globe Theatre January 3, 1928 March 3, 1928 71 [83][84]
Hold Everything! "Sonny Jim" Brooks Broadhurst Theatre October 10, 1928 October 5, 1929 409 [85][86]
Heads Up! Jack Mason Alvin Theatre November 11, 1929 March 15, 1930 144 [87][88]
America's Sweetheart Michael Perry Broadhurst Theatre February 10, 1931 June 6, 1931 135 [89][90]
Take A Chance Kenneth Raleigh, Ronald, Daniel Boone Apollo Theatre November 26, 1932 July 1, 1933 243 [91][92]
Calling All Stars (Himself) Hollywood Theatre December 13, 1934 January 12, 1935 36 [93][94]
Anything Goes Billy Crocker Palace Theatre, London June 14, 1935 January 18, 1936 261 [95][28]
Rise and Shine Jack Harding Drury Lane, London May 7, 1936 June 13, 1936 44 [29][30]
On Your Toes Phil Dolan III, "Junior" Palace Theatre, London February 5, 1937 May 29, 1937 123 [96][97]
Hooray for What! Breezy Cunningham Winter Garden Theatre December 1, 1937 May 21, 1938 200 [98][99]
Very Warm for May Johnny Graham Alvin Theatre November 17, 1939 January 6, 1940 59 [100][101]
Walk With Music Wing D'Hautville Ethel Barrymore Theatre June 4, 1940 July 20, 1940 55 [102][103]
Hold On to Your Hats Pete Shubert Theatre September 11, 1940 February 1, 1941 158 [104][105]
Beat the Band Damon Dillingham 46th Street Theatre October 14, 1942 December 12, 1942 67 [106][107]
The Red Mill Con Kidder (*) 46th Street Theatre December 24, 1945 January 4, 1947 531 [43]
The Red Mill Con Kidder (1947 National tour) (Unknown)[b] (Unknown)[b] N/A [45][108]
High Button Shoes Henry Longstreet (1948–1949 National tour) April 14, 1948? December 31, 1949? N/A [46][47][48]
Of Thee I Sing The Chief Justice, Guide, Senator from Massachusetts Ziegfeld Theatre May 5, 1952 July 5, 1952 72 [109][110]
Hazel Flagg Mayor of New York Mark Hellinger Theatre February 11, 1953 September 19, 1953 190 [111][112]
The Golden Apple Hector Charybdis Alvin Theatre April 20, 1954 August 7, 1954 125 [113][114]
Annie Get Your Gun Charlie Davenport New York City Center February 19, 1958 March 2, 1958 15 [115]

(*) In replacement of Michael O'Shea, at least once on February 18, 1946, for an unknown period.[44]

Theatre

In the table below, all theatres are located in New York, NY, except where indicated otherwise.

Title Role Theatre Opening date Closing date # of
perf.		 Note
Aren't We All? Martin Steele Gaiety Theatre May 21, 1923 June 1, 1923 32 [7][8]
Arsenic and Old Lace Mortimer Brewster (1942 National tour) (Unknown)[a] (Unknown)[a] N/A [39]
Arsenic and Old Lace Mortimer Brewster (1944 National tour) January 29, 1944 June 3, 1944 80 [41]
The Overtons Jack Overton Booth Theatre February 6, 1945 March 10, 1945 175 [42][2]
Forrest Theatre March 12, 1945 June 23, 1945
National Theatre June 25, 1945 July 7, 1945
Springtime Folly Benjamin Tauber John Golden Theatre February 26, 1951 February 27, 1951 2 [49][50]
A Girl Can Tell J.G. Royale Theatre October 29, 1953 December 19, 1953 60 [54][55]

Films

Recordings

Television

Explanatory footnotes

  1. ^ a b c d The sources do not provide precise dates for the 1942 national tour of Arsenic and Old Lace, although surviving playbills confirm that such a tour occurred; for example, at the Hanna Theatre in Cleveland, OH, on April 14, 1942.[39]
  2. ^ a b c d The sources do not provide precise dates for the 1947 national tour of The Red Mill, although surviving playbills confirm that such a tour occurred; for example, at the Opera House in Chicago, IL,[45] and at the Shubert Theatre in Philadelphia, PA during the week beginning September 8, 1947.[108]
  3. ^ After divorcing Fairbanks on November 30, 1918,[59] Beth Sully had been married to stockbroker James Evans, Jr. and had filed for divorce on October 13, 1924.[116]
Cite error: A list-defined reference has a conflicting group attribute "" (see the help page).
  1. ^ Larkin 2009, p. 1437.
  2. ^ a b c The Overtons Playbill.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Hischak 2009, p. 794.
  4. ^ van der Merwe 2009, pp. 160, 166.
  5. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 122–123.
  6. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 157–158.
  7. ^ a b Aren't We All? IBDB #9244.
  8. ^ a b Aren't We All? Playbill.
  9. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 176–178.
  10. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 223–225.
  11. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 281–282.
  12. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 306–308.
  13. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 325–327.
  14. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 406–408.
  15. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 438–440.
  16. ^ Tyler 2007, p. 491.
  17. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 481–483.
  18. ^ Dietz 2019, pp. 547–550.
  19. ^ College Lovers AFI.
  20. ^ Top Speed AFI.
  21. ^ The Life of the Party AFI.
  22. ^ Men of the Sky AFI.
  23. ^ Dietz 2018, pp. 103–106.
  24. ^ Briggs 2007, p. 27.
  25. ^ Dietz 2018, pp. 234–236.
  26. ^ Dietz 2018, pp. 353–355.
  27. ^ Dietz 2018, p. 349.
  28. ^ a b Anything Goes #UK35.
  29. ^ a b c Wearing 2014, pp. 519–520.
  30. ^ a b Rise and Shine 1936.
  31. ^ Gänzl 1986, p. 440.
  32. ^ Dietz 2018, p. 413.
  33. ^ Wright 2020, pp. 226–229.
  34. ^ Dietz 2018, pp. 477–479.
  35. ^ Give Me a Sailor AFI.
  36. ^ Dietz 2018, pp. 597–600.
  37. ^ Dietz 2015, pp. 29–31.
  38. ^ Dietz 2015, pp. 34–36.
  39. ^ a b c Arsenic and Old Lace 1942.
  40. ^ Dietz 2015, pp. 139–141.
  41. ^ a b Rhodes 2006, pp. 179–180.
  42. ^ a b The Overtons IBDB #1671.
  43. ^ a b The Red Mill IBDB #1732.
  44. ^ a b The Red Mill 1946 #Ovrtur.
  45. ^ a b c The Red Mill 1947 #Ovrtur.
  46. ^ a b c High Button Shoes Boston 4-1948.
  47. ^ a b c High Button Shoes Boston 5-1948.
  48. ^ a b High Button Shoes LA 1949.
  49. ^ a b Springtime Folly IBDB #1926.
  50. ^ a b Springtime Folly Playbill.
  51. ^ Springtime Folly Internet Archive.
  52. ^ Dietz 2014, pp. 106–108.
  53. ^ Dietz 2014, pp. 128–130.
  54. ^ a b A Girl Can Tell IBDB #2381.
  55. ^ a b A Girl Can Tell Playbill.
  56. ^ A Girl Can Tell Nixon 1953.
  57. ^ Dietz 2014, pp. 304–306.
  58. ^ a b Paris in the Springtime 1956.
  59. ^ Hollywood Forever.
  60. ^ a b c Fairbanks, Jr. 1989, p. 210.
  61. ^ Fairbanks, Jr. 1989, p. 208.
  62. ^ Fairbanks, Jr. 1989, p. 211.
  63. ^ NY Times 1929.
  64. ^ Fairbanks, Jr. 1989, p. 213.
  65. ^ St. Joseph Gazette 1961.
  66. ^ van der Merwe 2009, p. 160.
  67. ^ Ziegfeld Follies of 1922 IBDB #12815.
  68. ^ Orange Blossoms IBDB #9113.
  69. ^ Orange Blossoms Playbill.
  70. ^ Cinders Playbill.
  71. ^ Stepping Stones IBDB #9313.
  72. ^ Stepping Stones Playbill.
  73. ^ Annie Dear IBDB #9613.
  74. ^ Annie Dear Playbill.
  75. ^ When You Smile IBDB #9921.
  76. ^ When You Smile Playbill.
  77. ^ Rainbow Rose IBDB #10027.
  78. ^ Rainbow Rose Playbill.
  79. ^ The Ramblers IBDB #10124.
  80. ^ The Ramblers Playbill.
  81. ^ Yes, Yes, Yvette IBDB #10460.
  82. ^ Yes, Yes, Yvette Playbill.
  83. ^ She's My Baby IBDB #10546.
  84. ^ She's My Baby Playbill.
  85. ^ Hold Everything IBDB #10743.
  86. ^ Hold Everything Playbill.
  87. ^ Heads Up IBDB #10975.
  88. ^ Heads Up Playbill.
  89. ^ America's Sweetheart IBDB #11318.
  90. ^ America's Sweetheart Playbill.
  91. ^ Take a Chance IBDB #11687.
  92. ^ Take a Chance Playbill.
  93. ^ Calling All Stars IBDB #10435.
  94. ^ Calling All Stars Playbill.
  95. ^ Anything Goes #Ovrtur.
  96. ^ On Your Toes #Ovrtur.
  97. ^ On Your Toes #GMT.
  98. ^ Hooray For What! IBDB #12323.
  99. ^ Hooray For What! Playbill.
  100. ^ Very Warm for May IBDB #12323.
  101. ^ Very Warm for May Playbill.
  102. ^ Walk With Music IBDB #1005.
  103. ^ Walk With Music Playbill.
  104. ^ Hold on to Your Hats IBDB #1013.
  105. ^ Hold on to Your Hats Playbill.
  106. ^ Beat the Band IBDB #1229.
  107. ^ Beat the Band Playbill.
  108. ^ a b The Red Mill Philadelphia 1947.
  109. ^ Of Thee I Sing IBDB #2326.
  110. ^ Of Thee I Sing Playbill.
  111. ^ Hazel Flagg IBDB #2216.
  112. ^ Hazel Flagg Playbill.
  113. ^ The Golden Apple IBDB #2452.
  114. ^ The Golden Apple Playbill.
  115. ^ Annie Get Your Gun Ovrtur #2889729.
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