User:1vcsdn/Fertility testing
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Assessment of tubal occlusion
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is an invasive x-ray imaging technique used to evaluate the shape and size of the uterine cavity and openness of the fallopian tubes. It is a diagnostic test used in the investigation of infertility from genetic or infectious causes such as uterine fibroids, uterine polyps, uterine anomalies, scarring or tumors.[1]
A HSG is performed after menses and before ovulation during the first half of a menstrual cycle. It is not performed if the patient is pregnant, has a pelvic infection, or heavy bleeding at the time of the test.[2]
The procedure usually takes 30 minutes and often takes place in an outpatient setting such as a hospital or clinic. The patient is draped and positioned on their back as if for a pelvic exam with feet in stirrups. A speculum (device used to look inside the vagina) is used to visualize the cervix. The cervix cleaned with an antiseptic such as iodine and injected with a local anesthetic to minimize discomfort and pain. A small catheter is used to fill the uterus with a contrast dye (a liquid used to highlight anatomic structures with an x-ray). X-ray images are taken as the contrast dye makes its way through the uterus and fallopian tubes. After the images have been captured, the catheter is removed and contrast dye may either spill outside of the vagina or become absorbed.[1][2]
Risks associated with HSG are rare and include exposure to radiation, infection, allergic reactions to the contrast dye or antiseptic. It is normal for patients to experience mild to moderate abdominal cramping, pain and vaginal spotting for a few days after the procedure.[1]
Hysterosalpingo-contrast sonography (HyCoSy)
References
- ^ a b c Radiology (ACR), Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) and American College of. "Hysterosalpingography". Radiologyinfo.org. Retrieved 2021-09-08.
- ^ a b Chalazonitis, Athanasios; Tzovara, Ioanna; Laspas, Fotios; Porfyridis, Petros; Ptohis, Nikos; Tsimitselis, Georgios (2009-09). "Hysterosalpingography: Technique and Applications". Current Problems in Diagnostic Radiology. 38 (5): 199–205. doi:10.1067/j.cpradiol.2008.02.003.
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