Lectern
A lectern (from the Latin lectus, past participle of legere, "to read") is a reading desk, with a slanted top, usually placed on a stand or affixed to some other form of support, on which documents or books are placed as support for reading aloud, as in a scripture reading, lecture, or sermon. To facilitate eye contact and improve posture when facing an audience, lecterns may have adjustable height and slant. People generally use lecterns while standing.
In pre-modern usage, the word lectern was used to refer specifically to the "reading desk or stand ... from which the Scripture lessons (lectiones) ... are chanted or read."[1] One 1905 dictionary states that "the term is properly applied only to the class mentioned [church book stands] as independent of the pulpit."[2] By the 1920s, however, the term was being used in a broader sense, for example, in reference to a memorial service in Carnegie Hall, it was stated that "the lectern from which the speakers talked was enveloped in black."[3]
Use
Academic context
Lecterns used in academia—generally in seminar rooms and lecture theatres—may have certain features that common lecterns lack, based on the technological sophistication of the venue. These features usually include a microphone stand, audio-visual controls, sometimes even an integrated computer and recording system. Lecterns of this sort are generally attached or integrated into a large desk, as the amount of support material tends to be larger in academic contexts than in straightforward public talks.
Religious context
Christian
In the Christian Church, the lectern is usually the stand on which the Bible rests and from which the "lessons" (reading from Scripture) are read during the service. The lessons may be read or chanted by a priest, deacon, minister, or layperson, depending upon the liturgical traditions of the community. The lectern is normally set in front of the pews, so that the reader or speaker faces the congregation.
Lecterns are often made of wood. They may be either fixed in place or portable. A lectern differs from a pulpit, the latter being used for sermons. Churches that have both a lectern and a pulpit will often place them on opposite sides. The lectern will generally be smaller than the pulpit, and both may be adorned with antipendia in the color of the liturgical season.
In monastic churches and cathedrals, a separate lectern is commonly set in the centre of the choir. Originally this would have carried the antiphonal book, for use by the cantor or precentor leading the singing of the divine office. Lecterns often take the form of eagle lecterns to symbolise John the Apostle.[4][5] Especially in North America and Great Britain lecterns are sometimes made as 'angel lecterns'.
Arabic
Arabic
See also
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Notes and references
- ^ Lectern, Chambers's Cyclopaedia, Vol. VI W. and R. Chambers, 1864; pp. 71-72.
- ^ D. C. Gilman, H. T. Peck and F. M. Colby (eds), Lectern, The New International Cyclopaedia, Vol. XII, Dodd, Mead and Co., 1905; p. 68.
- ^ Domestic News: New York, The Reform Advocate, Vol LV, No. 7, September 18, 1920; p. 181.
- ^ How to read a church, Richard Taylor, London 2003, ISBN 1-84413-053-3
- ^ George Ferguson, Signs and Symbols in Christian Art, New York 1966
External links
Media related to Lecterns at Wikimedia Commons
- Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). . Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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