Group 8 element
Template:Periodic table (group 8) Group 8 is a group (column) of chemical elements in the periodic table. It consists of iron (Fe), ruthenium (Ru), osmium (Os) and hassium (Hs).[1] They are all transition metals.
Like other groups, the members of this family show patterns in electron configuration, especially in the outermost shells, resulting in trends in chemical behavior.
"Group 8" is the modern standard designation for this group, adopted by the IUPAC in 1990.[1]
In the older group naming systems, this group was combined with groups 9 and 10 and called group "VIIIB" in the Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) "U.S. system", or "VIII" in the old IUPAC (pre-1990) "European system" (and in Mendeleev's original table).
Group 8 (current IUPAC) should not be confused with "group VIIIA" in the CAS system, which is group 18 (current IUPAC), the noble gases.
While groups (columns) of the periodic table are sometimes named after their lighter member (as in "the oxygen group" for group 16), the term iron group does not mean "group 8". Most often, it means a set of adjacent elements on period (row) 4 of the table that includes iron, such as chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, and nickel, or only the last three, or some other set, depending on the context.
Basic properties
| Z | Element | No. of electrons per shell |
M.P. | B.P. | Year of discovery |
Discoverer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 26 | iron | 2, 8, 14, 2 | 1811 K 1538 °C |
3134 K 2862 °C |
<3000 BCE | Unknown |
| 44 | ruthenium | 2, 8, 18, 15, 1 | 2607 K 2334 °C |
4423 K 4150 °C |
1844 | K. E. Claus |
| 76 | osmium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 14, 2 | 3306 K 3033 °C |
5285 K 5012 °C |
1803 | S. Tennant and W. H. Wollaston |
| 108 | hassium | 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 | — | — | 1984 | P. Armbruster and G. Münzenberg |
The first three elements are hard silvery-white metals. Hassium has not been isolated in macroscopic pure form, and its properties have not been conclusively observed.
Iron is a very common element that is used for things like steel and ferromagnetic properties. It is among the most common build materials of today.
Ruthenium is used more or less in different types of jewelry. it is very shiny and metallic.
Osmium is the densest element on the periodic table. It is used for ball tip pens and other things.
Hassium is a very radioactive element that is not used for anything except research.
References
- ^ a b Leigh, G. J. Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry: Recommendations 1990. Blackwell Science, 1990. ISBN 0-632-02494-1.
