Common Log Format

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Das '''Common Log Format''' ist ein [[Dateiformat]], welches von [[Webserver]]n für [[Logdatei|Server Logs]] genutzt wird.

For computer [[log management]], the '''Common Log Format''',<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://www.w3.org/Daemon/User/Config/Logging.html#common-logfile-format
| title=Logging in W3C httpd
| publisher=[[World Wide Web Consortium]]
| date=1995-10-12
| accessdate=2015-04-16}}</ref> also known as the '''NCSA Common log format''',<ref>{{cite web
| url=http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/ITWSA/ITWSA_info45/en_US/HTML/guide/c-logs.html#common
| title=Log File Formats: NCSA Common
| publisher=[[IBM]]
| date=2004-05-19
| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210224022111/http://publib.boulder.ibm.com/tividd/td/ITWSA/ITWSA_info45/en_US/HTML/guide/c-logs.html#common
| accessdate=2013-05-07| archive-date=2021-02-24
}}</ref> (after [[NCSA HTTPd]]) is a standardized [[text file]] format used by [[web server]]s when generating [[Server log|server log files]].<ref>{{Cite web |last=stevewhims |title=NCSA Logging - Win32 apps |url=https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/http/ncsa-logging |access-date=2023-02-17 |website=learn.microsoft.com |language=en-us}}</ref> Because the format is standardized, the files can be readily analyzed by a variety of [[Web log analysis software|web analysis programs]], for example [[Webalizer]] and [[Analog (program)|Analog]].

Each line in a file stored in the Common Log Format has the following syntax:

<pre>
host ident authuser date request status bytes

The format is extended by the Combined Log Format with referer and user-agent fields.

Example

127.0.0.1 user-identifier frank [10/Oct/2000:13:55:36 -0700] "GET /apache_pb.gif HTTP/1.0" 200 2326

A dash (Vorlage:Code) in a field indicates missing data.

• Vorlage:Code is the IP address of the client (remote host) which made the request to the server.
• Vorlage:Code is the RFC 1413 identity of the client. Usually "-".
• Vorlage:Code is the userid of the person requesting the document. Usually "-" unless .htaccess has requested authentication.
• Vorlage:Code is the date, time, and time zone that the request was received, by default in strftime format Vorlage:Code.
• Vorlage:Code is the request line from the client. The method Vorlage:Code, Vorlage:Code the resource requested, and Vorlage:Code the HTTP protocol.
• Vorlage:Code is the HTTP status code returned to the client. 2xx is a successful response, 3xx a redirection, 4xx a client error, and 5xx a server error.
• Vorlage:Code is the size of the object returned to the client, measured in bytes.

Usage

Log files are a standard tool for computer systems developers and administrators. They record the "what happened, when, by whom" of the system. This information can record faults and help their diagnosis. It can identify security breaches and other computer misuse. It can be used for auditing. It can be used for accounting purposes.Vorlage:Citation needed

The information stored is only available for later analysis if it is stored in a form that can be analysed. This data can be structured in many ways for analysis. For example, storing it in a relational database would force the data into a query-able format. However, it would also make it more difficult to retrieve if the computer crashed, and logging would not be available unless the database was available. A plain text format minimises dependencies on other system processes, and assists logging at all phases of computer operation, including start-up and shut-down, where such processes might be unavailable.Vorlage:Citation needed

See also

• Extended Log Format
• Log management and intelligence
• Web log analysis software
• Web counter
• Data logging
• Syslog

External links

• Logging Control In W3C httpd: The Common Logfile Format. W3C, Juli 1995, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2013. 

• Common Logfile Format. Apache webserver, 2013, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2013. 

• Extended Log File Format. In: W3C Working Draft WD-logfile-960323. W3C, 23. März 1996, abgerufen am 7. Mai 2013.