„Nationales Teppichmuseum Aserbaidschan“ – Versionsunterschied
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==Criticism and controversy== |
==Criticism and controversy== |
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{{see also|Historical negationism#Azerbaijan}} |
{{see also|Historical negationism#Azerbaijan}} |
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According to the peer-reviewed ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'', the basis of classification and exhibition in the carpet museum of Baku is rooted in several factors,<ref name="International">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffari |first1=Ali |last2=Barry |first2=James |title=Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha |journal=International Journal of Heritage Studies |date= |
According to the peer-reviewed ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'', the basis of classification and exhibition in the carpet museum of Baku is rooted in several factors,<ref name="International">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffari |first1=Ali |last2=Barry |first2=James |title=Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha |journal=International Journal of Heritage Studies |date=2022 |pages=329-330 |volume=28|issue=3|doi=10.1080/13527258.2021.1993965}}</ref> such as the geographical indicators associated with regional carpets, which reflect the development of a new type of state-sponsored national consciousness in the 1950s during the existence of the [[Azerbaijan SSR]] of the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="International3">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffari |first1=Ali |last2=Barry |first2=James |title=Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha |journal=International Journal of Heritage Studies |date=2022 |page=329 |volume=28|issue=3|doi=10.1080/13527258.2021.1993965}}</ref> During [[De-Stalinization|de-Stalinization]], the Central Committee of the [[Azerbaijan Communist Party (1920)|Azerbaijan Communist Party]] approved reforms aimed at defining and encouraging [[History of Azerbaijan|Azerbaijani history]] and [[Culture of Azerbaijan|culture]], as well as replacing [[Russian language|Russian]] with [[Azerbaijani language|Azerbaijani]] as the constituent state language of the Azerbaijan SSR.<ref name="International3"/> Much of the contemporaneous Baku Central Committee had been active in [[Iran]] in the 1940s as part of the [[Iran crisis of 1946|Soviet occupation]], and its members firmly believed that Iran's [[Azerbaijan (Iran)|Azerbaijan region]] historically belonged to their nation.<ref name="International3"/> The controversial decision to replace Russian with Azerbaijani as the official state language of the Azerbaijan SSR was also implemented partly in response to its [[South Caucasus|Transcaucasian]] rivals, the [[Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic|Armenian]] and [[Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic|Georgian SSR]]s, who had already made their own native languages official in their respective republics in 1936 after the dissolution of the [[Transcaucasian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic|Transcaucasian SFSR]].<ref name="International3"/> This period was also when the designation ''Azerbaijani'' replaced ''Turk'' in official usage.<ref name="International3"/> The issue of Karabakh was brought up again during de-Stalinization, with the [[Armenians]] of the predominantly Armenian-populated [[Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast]] requesting unification with the Armenian SSR.<ref name="International3"/> All such cultural initiatives from the Azerbaijan SSR emerged in an environment of relative freedom of expression; a rise of nationalism in the [[Caucasus]] region; a fixation on Iran's Azerbaijan region; as well as a surge in rivalry with its Transcaucasian Soviet neighbors, especially Armenia, over "national rights and territory".<ref name="International3"/> The ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'' notes: |
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{{blockquote|The above issues are the basis of classification and exhibition in the Carpet Museum in Baku. The implied territorial claims within the classification are put to contentious political use within the museum. These include claims over Iranian Azerbaijan, which the Azerbaijani government refers to as ‘Southern Azerbaijan’, and exclusive claims leaving out Armenia over territories in [[Karabakh]]. The current museum reflects Karimov’s taxonomy (which, as noted, was a [[Azerbaijani nationalism|nationalist project]]) as well as his detailed classification of the historical periods of carpet production.<ref name="International"/>}} |
{{blockquote|The above issues are the basis of classification and exhibition in the Carpet Museum in Baku. The implied territorial claims within the classification are put to contentious political use within the museum. These include claims over Iranian Azerbaijan, which the Azerbaijani government refers to as ‘Southern Azerbaijan’, and exclusive claims leaving out Armenia over territories in [[Karabakh]]. The current museum reflects Karimov’s taxonomy (which, as noted, was a [[Azerbaijani nationalism|nationalist project]]) as well as his detailed classification of the historical periods of carpet production.<ref name="International"/>}} |
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{{blockquote|Throughout the other two levels, exhibits are clustered in groups along the linear space of the exhibition. While the act of weaving is on display (using not only electronic footage and imagery, but also live demonstrations by weavers), the exhibits illustrate various applications of carpets, including in domestic life but also their utility in reflecting some historical events. Of note is a carpet depicting heroes of the [[Persian Constitutional Revolution|Iranian Constitutional Revolution]], many of whom were from Iranian Azerbaijan. Although naming them, the museum (following the official line in the Republic of [[Azerbaijan]]) remains silent on the national origin of the depicted heroes. In instances such as this, the visitor is left to the interpretation provided by official guides to understand the characters and their historical roles. The result is more often than not, affirming a [[Azerbaijani nationalism|nationalist Azerbaijani]] narrative, that makes implicit claims on territory outside of the Republic of Azerbaijan.<ref name="International2">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffari |first1=Ali |last2=Barry |first2=James |title=Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha |journal=International Journal of Heritage Studies |date= |
{{blockquote|Throughout the other two levels, exhibits are clustered in groups along the linear space of the exhibition. While the act of weaving is on display (using not only electronic footage and imagery, but also live demonstrations by weavers), the exhibits illustrate various applications of carpets, including in domestic life but also their utility in reflecting some historical events. Of note is a carpet depicting heroes of the [[Persian Constitutional Revolution|Iranian Constitutional Revolution]], many of whom were from Iranian Azerbaijan. Although naming them, the museum (following the official line in the Republic of [[Azerbaijan]]) remains silent on the national origin of the depicted heroes. In instances such as this, the visitor is left to the interpretation provided by official guides to understand the characters and their historical roles. The result is more often than not, affirming a [[Azerbaijani nationalism|nationalist Azerbaijani]] narrative, that makes implicit claims on territory outside of the Republic of Azerbaijan.<ref name="International2">{{cite journal |last1=Mozaffari |first1=Ali |last2=Barry |first2=James |title=Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha |journal=International Journal of Heritage Studies |date=2022 |page=330 |volume=28|issue=3|doi=10.1080/13527258.2021.1993965}}</ref>}} |
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The third level of the museum, which is devoted to [[Latif Karimov]], presents and acknowledges Karimov as the "undisputed authority in the science and art of carpet weaving, thereby establishing the accuracy of the exhibitions thorough the scientific standing of Karimov".<ref name="International2"/> On the museum's second level there is a specific woven piece meant to reflect Karimov's classification and groupings of carpets which the ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'' describes as "perhaps the most striking exhibit, in so far as territorial claims are concerned".<ref name="International2"/> On the piece, "under the banner of Azerbaijani carpet, various forms, motifs and artistic commonalities between Azerbaijan and other nations and ethnicities, including [[Iran]]ians and Armenians are claimed and appropriated."<ref name="International2"/> |
The third level of the museum, which is devoted to [[Latif Karimov]], presents and acknowledges Karimov as the "undisputed authority in the science and art of carpet weaving, thereby establishing the accuracy of the exhibitions thorough the scientific standing of Karimov".<ref name="International2"/> On the museum's second level there is a specific woven piece meant to reflect Karimov's classification and groupings of carpets which the ''International Journal of Heritage Studies'' describes as "perhaps the most striking exhibit, in so far as territorial claims are concerned".<ref name="International2"/> On the piece, "under the banner of Azerbaijani carpet, various forms, motifs and artistic commonalities between Azerbaijan and other nations and ethnicities, including [[Iran]]ians and Armenians are claimed and appropriated."<ref name="International2"/> |
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Version vom 9. März 2022, 01:32 Uhr
Azerbaijan National Carpet Museum (Vorlage:Lang-az, formerly called the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum) is a museum located in Baku that displays Azerbaijani carpets and rugs of various weaving techniques and materials from various periods.[1] It has the largest collection of Azerbaijani carpets in the world.[2] First opened on Neftchiler Avenue in 1967, it moved to a new building on the Baku's seafront park in 2014.[3]
History
The museum was established in 1967 and was initially located in the Juma Mosque in Icheri Sheher. The mosque was built in the 15th century and renovated in the 19th century. Its first exhibition was held in 1972. In 1992, after the collapse of USSR, the museum was moved to the second floor of what is now the Baku Museum Center,[4] a building that had originally been the Lenin museum.[5] The collection was named in honour of the carpet designer Latif Karimov.
Plans to move the collection to a new purpose-built began in 2010, and a new building was due to open in late 2012[6] with a visit being made by President Ilham Aliyev in September 2013.[7] The museum opened on 26 August 2014, as the Azerbaijan Carpet Museum, dropping its much longer official title.[8]
Building
The structure of the building is intended to look like a rolled carpet. Designed by Austrian architect Franz Janz, the building took over six years to construct. The previous structure, a building of historical significance, was destroyed to make way for the new building.[9]
Collection
The collection of the museum includes over 10,000 items of ceramics, metal works of the 14th century, jewellery from the Bronze Age, carpets and carpet items from the 17th-20th centuries, national garments and embroidery, and applied art works of the Modern Age.[10] The museum organizes public lectures and study courses on carpets and applied arts. It has a book store selling books on Azerbaijani crafts and carpet art.[2] The museum also holds a permanent collection from the Shusha Museum of History, from the city of Shusha. Some of the exhibited items from the Shusha museum were part of 600 carpets moved out of the museum before Shusha was captured by Armenian troops in 1992. They are now displayed at the museum in an exhibition titled "Burned Culture".[5]
International exhibitions
The museum does research and public service work. Every year, state and international exhibitions are organized and catalogues on carpets are printed by the museum. The museum has also held exhibitions in more than 30 countries including France, Germany, England, Japan, the Netherlands. In 1998, the museum participated in a UNESCO-organized exhibition in Paris dedicated to Fuzûlî and in 1999 dedicated to the 1,300th anniversary of the Book of Dede Korkut and displayed carpets, folk applied art items, including copper jugs, mugs, buckets and saddle-bags.[5]
Criticism and controversy
Vorlage:See also According to the peer-reviewed International Journal of Heritage Studies, the basis of classification and exhibition in the carpet museum of Baku is rooted in several factors,[11] such as the geographical indicators associated with regional carpets, which reflect the development of a new type of state-sponsored national consciousness in the 1950s during the existence of the Azerbaijan SSR of the Soviet Union.[12] During de-Stalinization, the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan Communist Party approved reforms aimed at defining and encouraging Azerbaijani history and culture, as well as replacing Russian with Azerbaijani as the constituent state language of the Azerbaijan SSR.[12] Much of the contemporaneous Baku Central Committee had been active in Iran in the 1940s as part of the Soviet occupation, and its members firmly believed that Iran's Azerbaijan region historically belonged to their nation.[12] The controversial decision to replace Russian with Azerbaijani as the official state language of the Azerbaijan SSR was also implemented partly in response to its Transcaucasian rivals, the Armenian and Georgian SSRs, who had already made their own native languages official in their respective republics in 1936 after the dissolution of the Transcaucasian SFSR.[12] This period was also when the designation Azerbaijani replaced Turk in official usage.[12] The issue of Karabakh was brought up again during de-Stalinization, with the Armenians of the predominantly Armenian-populated Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast requesting unification with the Armenian SSR.[12] All such cultural initiatives from the Azerbaijan SSR emerged in an environment of relative freedom of expression; a rise of nationalism in the Caucasus region; a fixation on Iran's Azerbaijan region; as well as a surge in rivalry with its Transcaucasian Soviet neighbors, especially Armenia, over "national rights and territory".[12] The International Journal of Heritage Studies notes:
and: Vorlage:Blockquote
The third level of the museum, which is devoted to Latif Karimov, presents and acknowledges Karimov as the "undisputed authority in the science and art of carpet weaving, thereby establishing the accuracy of the exhibitions thorough the scientific standing of Karimov".[13] On the museum's second level there is a specific woven piece meant to reflect Karimov's classification and groupings of carpets which the International Journal of Heritage Studies describes as "perhaps the most striking exhibit, in so far as territorial claims are concerned".[13] On the piece, "under the banner of Azerbaijani carpet, various forms, motifs and artistic commonalities between Azerbaijan and other nations and ethnicities, including Iranians and Armenians are claimed and appropriated."[13]
See also
References
External links
- Azerbaijan Carpet Museum at Google Cultural Institute
- Azerbaijani Carpets
- Carpet Weaving in Azerbaijan
Vorlage:Baku landmarks Vorlage:Rugs and carpets Vorlage:Textile museums
- ↑ History of Azerbaijan Carpet Museum.
- ↑ a b AZERBAIJAN CARPET MUSEUM. Archiviert vom am 1. Juli 2010; abgerufen am 20. August 2010.
- ↑ Azerbaijan Carpet Museum. In: azcarpetmuseum.az. Abgerufen am 7. Mai 2017 (englisch).
- ↑ The Museum Center ::: General information :::. In: www.museumcenter.az. Abgerufen am 5. Juli 2021.
- ↑ a b c Baku's National Carpet Museum. Archiviert vom am 11. Juli 2010; abgerufen am 20. August 2010.
- ↑ Unique carpet museum to open in Baku by year-end. In: AzerNews.az. 25. Juli 2012, abgerufen am 5. Juli 2021 (englisch).
- ↑ President Aliyev inspects carpet museum’s new building (UPDATE). In: AzerNews.az. 2. Dezember 2013, abgerufen am 5. Juli 2021 (englisch).
- ↑ Carpet museum renamed in Azerbaijan. In: vestnikkavkaza.net. Abgerufen am 5. Juli 2021 (en-en).
- ↑ Rachel Doyle: Azerbaijan Now Has a Carpet Museum That Looks Like a Carpet In: Curbed, October 10, 2014. Abgerufen im October 10, 2017
- ↑ Carpets Made to Last - A Walk Through Baku's National Carpet Museum. Azerbaijan International, abgerufen am 20. August 2010.
- ↑ Ali Mozaffari, James Barry: Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha. In: International Journal of Heritage Studies. 28. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2022, S. 329–330, doi:10.1080/13527258.2021.1993965.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Ali Mozaffari, James Barry: Heritage and territorial disputes in the Armenia–Azerbaijan conflict: a comparative analysis of the carpet museums of Baku and Shusha. In: International Journal of Heritage Studies. 28. Jahrgang, Nr. 3, 2022, S. 329, doi:10.1080/13527258.2021.1993965.
- ↑ a b c Referenzfehler: Ungültiges
<ref>-Tag; kein Text angegeben für Einzelnachweis mit dem Namen International2.