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{{Navigationsleiste
[[Image:Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird.jpg|thumb|right|300px|The [[SR-71 Blackbird]] is the current record holder for a manned airbreathing jet aircraft.]]
|TITEL=[[Steherrennen|Deutsche Meister der Steher (Profis)]]
An '''air speed record''' is the highest [[airspeed]] attained by an [[aircraft]] of a particular class.
|BILD=[[Datei:MaillotAlemania.PNG|50px]]
|INHALT=
1892 [[Oskar Breitling]] |
1896 [[Josef Fischer (Radrennfahrer)|Josef Fischer]] |
1897 [[Friedrich Opel|Fritz Opel]] |
1898 [[Alfred Köcher]] |
1905, 1911, 1912 [[Peter Günther (Radrennfahrer)|Peter Günther]] |
1906 [[Anton Huber (Radrennfahrer)|Anton Huber]] |
1907, 1908 [[Thaddäus Robl]] |
1909 [[Arthur Stellbrink]]/[[Werner Krüger (Schrittmacher)|Werner Krüger]] |
1910 [[Richard Scheuermann]] |
1913, 1915 [[Gustav Janke]]/[[Werner Krüger (Schrittmacher)|Werner Krüger]] |
1914, 1919, 1924 [[Karl Saldow]] |
1916–1917 nicht ausgetragen |
1918 [[Franz Krupkat]] |
1920, 1921, 1926 [[Karl Wittig]] |
1922 [[Paul Thomas (Radsportler)|Paul Thomas]] |
1923 [[Jean Rosellen]]/[[Willi Heßlich]] |
1925 [[Karl Saldow]]/[[Christian Junggeburth]] |
1927, 1929, 1931 [[Walter Sawall]]/[[Emil Meinhold]] |
1928 [[Erich Möller]]<ref>Im September 1928 wurden die Ergebnisse der Meisterschaft im selben Jahr vom Bund Deutscher Radfahrer wegen unfairer Fahrweise von Möller annulliert. ''Illustrierter Radrenn-Sport'', 23.&nbsp;September 1928</ref>&nbsp;&#124;
1930 nicht ausgetragen&nbsp;&#124;
1931 [[Erich Möller]]/[[Léon Didier]]&nbsp;&#124;
1933, 1939 [[Erich Metze]]&nbsp;&#124;
1935, 1936, [[Erich Metze]]/[[Maurice Ville]]&nbsp;&#124;
1934 [[Erich Metze]]/[[Karl Saldow]]&nbsp;&#124;
1937 [[Adolf Schön]]/[[Jupp Merkens]]&nbsp;&#124;
1938, 1944, 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1952, 1953 [[Walter Lohmann]]&nbsp;&#124;
1939 [[Erich Metze]]/[[Willi Heßlich]]&nbsp;&#124;
1940 [[Toni Merkens]]/[[Arnulf Meinhold]]&nbsp;&#124;
1941 [[Walter Lohmann]]/[[Jupp Merkens]]&nbsp;&#124;
1942, 1950 [[Erich Bautz]]/[[Jupp Merkens]]&nbsp;&#124;
1943 [[Walter Lohmann]]/[[Arnulf Meinhold]]&nbsp;&#124;
1947 [[Jean Schorn]]/[[Jupp Merkens]]&nbsp;&#124;
1954 [[Karl Kittsteiner]]&nbsp;&#124;
1955, 1957 [[Valentin Petry]]&nbsp;&#124;
1956 [[Heinz Jakobi]]/[[Miel Vandenbosch]]&nbsp;&#124;
1958, 1959 [[Heinz Jakobi]]/[[Kurt Schindler (Schrittmacher)|Kurt Schindler]]&nbsp;&#124;
1960, 1961, 1963 [[Karl-Heinz Marsell]]&nbsp;&#124;
1962 [[Achim Holz]]/[[Werner Schmidt (Schrittmacher)|Werner Schmidt]]&nbsp;&#124;
1964 [[Horst Staudacher]]/[[Werner Schmidt (Schrittmacher)|Werner Schmidt]]&nbsp;&#124;
1965, 1966, 1968 [[Ehrenfried Rudolph]]&nbsp;&#124;
1969 [[Ehrenfried Rudolph]]/[[Bruno Walrave]]&nbsp;&#124;
1970–1974 nicht ausgetragen&nbsp;&#124;
1975 [[Dieter Kemper]]/[[Norbert Koch (Radsportler)|Norbert Koch]]&nbsp;&#124;
1976 [[Dieter Kemper]]&nbsp;&#124;
1977 nicht ausgetragen&nbsp;&#124;
1978 [[Horst Schütz]]&nbsp;&#124;
1979 [[Wilfried Peffgen]]&nbsp;&#124;
1980–1983 nicht ausgetragen&nbsp;&#124;
1984, 1985, 1988 [[Werner Betz]]&nbsp;&#124;
1986–1987 nicht ausgetragen&nbsp;&#124;
1989 [[Torsten Rellensmann]]&nbsp;&#124;
1990, 1991 nicht ausgetragen&nbsp;&#124;
1992 [[Roland Günther]]/[[Dieter Durst]]&nbsp;&#124;
1993, 1994, 1995 [[Carsten Podlesch]]/[[Dieter Durst]]&nbsp;&#124;
1996 [[Torsten Rellensmann]]/[[Christian Dippel]]&nbsp;&#124;
1997 [[Stefan Schmitz]]/[[Manfred Schmadtke]]&nbsp;&#124;
1998 [[Carsten Podlesch]]/[[Christian Dippel]]&nbsp;&#124;
1999 [[Andreas Kappes]]/[[Dieter Durst]]&nbsp;&#124;
2000, 2001, 2002 [[Carsten Podlesch]]/[[Bruno Walrave]]&nbsp;&#124;
2003, 2004 [[Stefan Klare]]/[[Christian Dippel]]&nbsp;&#124;
2005, 2006 [[Carsten Podlesch]]/[[Helmut Baur (Radsportler)|Helmut Baur]]&nbsp;&#124;
2007 [[Jan Eric Schwarzer]]/[[Christian Dippel]]&nbsp;&#124;
2008 [[Timo Scholz]]/[[Peter Bäuerlein]]&nbsp;&#124;
2009 [[Mario Vonhof]]/[[Dieter Durst]]&nbsp;&#124;
2010 [[Marcel Möbus]]/[[Helmut Baur (Radsportler)|Helmut Baur]]&nbsp;&#124;
2011 [[Florian Fernow]]/[[Peter Bäuerlein]]


(Deutsche Meister bis 1992 Profis, danach "open". Wenn bekannt, mit Angabe der Schrittmacher)
The rules for all official aviation records are defined by [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI), and they also ratify any claims. Speed records are divided into multiple classes with sub-divisions. There are three classes of aircraft: landplanes, [[seaplane]]s and [[amphibious aircraft|amphibians]]; then within these classes, there are records for aircraft in several mass bands. There are still further sub-divisions for piston-engined, [[turbojet]], [[turboprop]] and rocket-engined aircraft. Within each of these groups, records are defined for speed over a straight course and for closed circuits of various sizes carrying various payloads. There are still further records for the speed between specified cities such as [[London]] to [[New York]].
<references />
}}<noinclude>


[[Kategorie:Vorlage:Navigationsleiste Radsport|Steher-Rennen]]
==FAI classes==
[[Kategorie:Vorlage:Navigationsleiste Deutsche Meisterschaften|Steher-Radmeisterschaften]]
{| class=wikitable
</noinclude>
|-
!Class
!Category
|-
| A || [[Hot air balloon|Free Balloons]]
|-
| B || [[Airship]]s
|-
| C || [[Aeroplane]]s
|-
| D || [[Glider]]s & [[Motorglider]]s
|-
| E || [[Rotorcraft]]
|-
| F || Model aircraft - [[Radio-controlled aircraft|RC]], [[Control line|CL]], & [[Free flight (model aircraft)|FF]] types
|-
| G || [[Parachuting]]
|-
| H || [[VTOL|Vertical Take-off and Landing aeroplanes]]
|-
| I || [[Human-powered aircraft]]
|-
| K || [[Spacecraft]]
|-
| M || [[Tiltrotor|Tilt-wing / Tilt-engine aircraft]]
|-
| N || [[STOL|Short Take-off and Landing aeroplanes]]
|-
| O || [[Hang gliding]] & [[Paragliding]]
|-
| P || [[Aerospacecraft]]
|-
| R || [[Microlight]]
|-
| S || Space Models
|-
| U || [[Unmanned Aerial Vehicle]]s
|}

==Timeline==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! width="40px" rowspan="2" | Year
! width="150px" rowspan="2" | Pilot
! colspan="2" | Airspeed
! width="150px" rowspan="2" | Aircraft
! width="150px" rowspan="2" | Location
|-
! width="50px" | mph
! width="50px" | km/h
|-
| 1903 || [[Wilbur Wright]] || 6.82 || 15.77 || [[Wright Flyer]] || [[Kitty Hawk, North Carolina|Kitty Hawk]], NC, USA
|-
| 1905 || [[Wilbur Wright]] || 37.85 || 60.91 || [[Wright Flyer III]] ||
|-
| 1908 || [[Henry Farman]] || 40.26 || 64.79 || [[Aéroplanes Voisin|Voisin biplane]] ||
|-
| 1909 || [[Louis Blériot]] || 47.82 || 76.96 || [[Blériot XII]] ||
|-
| 1910 || [[Alfred Leblanc]] || 68.20 || 109.8 || [[Blériot XI]] ||
|-
| 1911 || [[Edouard Nieuport]] || 82.73 || 133.1 || [[Nieuport Nie-2 N]] ||
|-
| 1912 || [[Jules Vedrines]] || 108.2 || 174.1 || Monocoque [[Deperdussin]] ||
|-
| 1913 || [[Maurice Prevost]] || 126.7 || 203.8 || Monocoque Deperdussin ||
|-
| 1914 || [[Norman Spratt]] || 134.5 || 216.5 || [[RAF SE.4]] ||
|-
| 1918 || [[Roland Rohlfs]] || 163.1 || 262.4 || [[Curtiss Wasp]] ||
|-
| 1919 || [[Joseph Sadi-Lecointe]] || 191.1 || 307.5 || [[Nieuport-Delage 29v]] ||
|-
| 1920 || Joseph Sadi-Lecointe || 194.5 || 313.0 || Nieuport-Delage 29v ||
|-
| 1921 || Joseph Sadi-Lecointe || 205.2 || 330.3 || Nieuport-Delage ||
|-
| 1922 || [[Billy Mitchell]] || 224.3 || 360.9 || [[Curtiss R-6]] ||
|-
| 1923 || [[Alford J. Williams]] || 267.2 || 430.0 || [[Curtiss R2C-1]] ||
|-
| 1924 || [[Florentin Bonnet]] || 278.5 || 448.2 || [[Bernard Ferbois V2]] ||
|-
| 1927 || [[Mario de Bernardi]] || 297.8 || 479.3 || [[Macchi M.52]] ||
|-
| 1928 || Mario de Bernardi || 318.6 || 512.7 || [[Macchi M.52bis]] ||
|-
| 1929 || [[Giuseppe Motta]] || 362.0 || 582.6 || [[Macchi M.67]] ||
|-
| 1931 || [[George Stainforth|George H. Stainforth]] || 407.5 || 655.8 || [[Supermarine S.6B]] seaplane || [[Lee-on-the-Solent]], UK
|-
| 1933 || [[Francesco Agello]] || 424 || 682 || [[Macchi M.C.72]] ||
|-
| 1934 || [[Francesco Agello]] || 440.6 || 709.0 || [[Macchi M.C.72]] ||
|-
|1939 || [[Fritz Wendel]] ||469.22 || 755.13 || [[Me 209]]|| [[Augsburg]]
|-
| 1941 ||[[Heini Dittmar]] || 623.65 || 1003.67 || [[Messerschmitt Me 163#Me 163 A|Messerschmitt Me 163]]A V4 || [[Peenemünde]]<ref>Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann, Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994 </ref><ref>[http://www.sportflug-noervenich.de/html/heini_dittmar.php Heini Dittmar<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref><ref>Wolfgang Späte, Der streng geheime Vogel Me 163 p.32,33 ISBN 3-895-55142-2 1983</ref>
|-
| 1944 || [[Heinz Herlitzius]] || 624 || 1004|| [[Messerschmitt Me 262]] S2 || [[Leipheim]] <ref>Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994 </ref>
|-
| 1944 ||[[Heini Dittmar]] || 702 || 1130 || [[Messerschmitt Me 163]]B V18 || [[Lagerlechfeld]] <ref>Ferdinand C.W. Käsmann Die schnellsten Jets der Welt p.122 ISBN 3-925505-26-1 1994 </ref>
|-
| 1945 || [[H. J. Wilson]] || 606.4 || 975.9 || [[Gloster Meteor|Gloster Meteor F Mk4]] || [[Herne Bay, Kent|Herne Bay]], UK
|-
| 1946 || [[Edward Donaldson]] || 615.78 || 990.79 || [[Gloster Meteor|Gloster Meteor F Mk4]] || [[Littlehampton]], UK
|-
| 1947 || Col. [[Albert Boyd]] || 623.74 || 1003.60 || [[Lockheed P-80 Shooting Star|Lockheed P-80R Shooting Star]] || [[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc]], California, USA<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://www.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-080123-063.pdf
| title = Milestones in Aerospace History at Edwards AFB
| accessdate = 2008-07-14
| last = Young | first = James O.
| year = 2007| month =
| publisher = Air Force Flight Test Center History Office
| format = [[PDF]]
}}</ref>
|-
| 1947 || Cmdr. Turner Caldwell || 640.67 || 1031.32 || [[Douglas Skystreak]] || [[Edwards Air Force Base|Muroc]], California,
USA
|-
| 1947 || [[Chuck Yeager]] || 670.0 || 1078 || [[Bell X-1]] ||
|-
| 1948 || [[Maj. Richard L. Johnson, USAF]] || 670.84 || 1079.6 || [[North American F-86 Sabre|North American F-86A-3 Sabre]] || [[Cleveland, Ohio|Cleveland]], USA<ref>{{cite book|author=Jackson, Robert|title=F-86 Sabre: The Operational Record|publisher=Smithsonian Institution Press|year=1994}}</ref>
|-
| 1953 || [[Neville Duke]] || 727.6 || 1,171 || [[Hawker Hunter|Hawker Hunter F Mk3]] || [[Littlehampton]], UK
|-
| 1953 || [[Mike Lithgow]] || 735.7 || 1,184 || [[Supermarine Swift]] F4 || Castel Idris, [[Tripoli]], [[Libya]]
|-
| colspan=6 | ''From this point records are set at altitude and not sea level.''
|-
| 1955 || [[Horace A. Hanes]] || 822.1 || 1,323 || F-100C [[F-100 Super Sabre|Super Sabre]] || [[Palmdale, California|Palmdale]], USA
|-
| 1956 || [[Peter Twiss]] || 1,132 || 1,822 || [[Fairey Delta 2]] || [[Chichester]], UK
|-
| 1959 || Col. [[Georgii Mosolov]] || 1,484 || 2,388 || Ye-66 (proto [[MiG-21]]) ||
|-
| 1961 || [[US Navy]] || 1606.3 || 2585.1 || Modified [[F-4 Phantom]] ||
|-
| 1965 || [[Robert L. Stephens]]<br>and [[Daniel Andre]] || 2,070 || 3,332 || [[Lockheed YF-12]]A || [[Edwards Air Force Base|Edwards AFB]], USA
|-
| 1976 || [[Eldon W. Joersz]] || 2,188 || 3,530 || [[SR-71 Blackbird]] || [[Beale AFB]], USA
|}

==Official records versus unofficial==
The [[SR-71 Blackbird|Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird]] holds the official Air Speed Record for a manned airbreathing jet aircraft with a speed of 2,194&nbsp;mph (3,529.56&nbsp;km/h). It was capable of taking off and landing unassisted on conventional runways. The record was set on [[28 July]] [[1976]] by Eldon W. Joersz near Beale Air Force Base, [[California]], [[USA]].<ref>{{cite web
| url = http://records.fai.org/general_aviation/current.asp?id1=21&id2=4
| title = Current air speed record
| accessdate = 2006-10-18
}}</ref>

For a period of time, during and immediately following World War II, the unpublicised and unofficial speed record of 1004.5&nbsp;km/h (623.8&nbsp;mph) set by the [[Messerschmitt Me 163#Me_163_A|Messerschmitt Me 163]]AV4(the third prototype) rocket aircraft, on [[October 2]], [[1941]] was actually the fastest velocity any aircraft had been measured as traveling to that time. That figure, set during wartime when no records were being ratified, was achieved by the Me 163A V4 at altitude rather than sea-level as it had been towed by a [[Messerschmitt Bf 110|Bf 110]] to set the record. Many record attempts were stated as being "set" after World War II by such aircraft as the [[Gloster Meteor]], which exceeded the 755&nbsp;km/h (469&nbsp;mph) velocity record of the pre-war holder (the [[Messerschmitt Me 209]] V1 piston engined aircraft) but the first to actually exceed the Me 163 A V4 claim was the [[Douglas Skystreak]] on [[August 20]], [[1947]].

The fastest manned atmospheric vehicle of all time was the [[command module|Apollo command module]] as it returned from the moon, reaching speeds of around [[Mach number|Mach]] 30. Although it used the air largely as a brake, it did also achieve a [[lift to drag ratio]] of around 0.368<ref>[http://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19690029435_1969029435.pdf Hillje, Ernest R., "Entry Aerodynamics at Lunar Return Conditions Obtained from the Flight of Apollo 4 (AS-501)," NASA TN D-5399, (1969).]</ref> which was used to control the flight trajectory. However this is probably very different from most people's idea of an 'aircraft', and a L/D ratio of 1 or above is arguably the borderline of what may be considered flying.

==Other air speed records==
{| class=wikitable
|-
! rowspan="2" | Year
! rowspan="2" | Pilot
! colspan="2" | Airspeed
! rowspan="2" | Aircraft
! rowspan="2" | Comments
|-
!mph
!km/h
|-
| 1960 || Ivan Soukhomline (USSR)|| 541 || 870 || [[Tupolev Tu-114]] || [[Fastest propeller-driven aircraft]]
|-
| 1967 || [[William Joseph Knight|'Pete' Knight]] || 4,510 || 7,258 || [[North American X-15]] || [[rocket plane]]; incapable of breathing air
|-
| 1981-''present''|| several || 17,500 || 28,000 || [[Space Shuttle]] || Speed during re-entry
|-
| [[August 11]] [[1986]] || John Egginton || 249.1 || 401.0 || [[Westland Lynx|Westland Lynx 800 ''G-LYNX'']] || helicopter world speed record
|-
| [[December 31]] [[1988]] || L.P. Krantov || 258.8 || 415 || [[Tupolev Tu-134|Tupolev Tu-134A]] || fastest landing speed record (76 passengers aboard, no one harmed)<ref>[http://www.svavia.ru/info/lib/sel_chsm13.html Л.Л. Селяков. "Человек, среда, машина"] Самолет Ту-134А №65011</ref>
|-
|[[August 21]] [[1989]] || Lyle Shelton || 528.33 ||850.26 || [[Grumman]] [[F8F Bearcat]] ''[[Rare Bear]]'' || Fastest straight-line piston-engined aircraft - 528.33mph
|-
|[[December 22]] [[2006]] || [[Klaus Ohlmann]] & Matias Garcia Mazzaro || 190.6 ||306.8 || [[Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-4|Schempp-Hirth Nimbus-4DM]] || Over 500km. Fastest speed in any of FAI's [[gliding]] records
|-
| [[November 16]] [[2004]] || unmanned || 7,546 || 12,144 || [[Boeing X-43]]A || air-launched [[hypersonic]] [[scramjet]]
|}

==See also==

* [[List of vehicle speed records]]
*[[Lockheed X-7|Lockheed X-7 - Mach 4.31 (2,881mph)in the 1950s]]
* [[World record]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== External links ==
*[http://records.fai.org/general_aviation/ web site] of the [[Fédération Aéronautique Internationale]] (FAI)
*[http://www.speedrecordclub.com/records/outair.htm Speed records time line]
{{extreme motion}}
{{Aviation lists}}

[[Category:Aviation records]]
[[Category:Air racing]]

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[[zh:飛行速度記錄]]

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