Quango und Diskussion:Guy Lewis Steele junior: Unterschied zwischen den Seiten

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Version vom 5. Juni 2011, 12:08 Uhr

Derzeit is immediately over

I suggest to replace

Derzeit arbeitet er an der Entwicklung der Programmiersprache Fortress.[1][2]

in http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Lewis_Steele_junior

with a translation of

In 2005, Steele began leading a team of researchers at Sun developing a new programming language named Fortress, a high-performance language designed to obsolete Fortran.

found in

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_L._Steele,_Jr.

@@ Zeile 1: / Zeile 1: @@
+== Derzeit is immediately over ==
-{{Merge|Quasi-governmental|Talk:Quango#Merge with Quasi-governmental|date=December 2007}}
-{{otherusesof|Quango}}
-'''Quango''' or '''qango''' is an [[acronym]] (variously spelt out as ''QUAsi [[Non-Governmental Organisation]]'', ''QUasi-Autonomous Non-Governmental Organisation'', and ''QUasi-Autonomous National Government Organisation'') used notably in the [[United Kingdom]] but also in [[Australia]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]] and elsewhere to label [[colloquialism|colloquially]] an [[organization]] to which [[government]] has [[devolution|devolved]] power. Lack of clarity over its meaning may have contributed to a decline somewhat in its use. The acronym can carry with it an implication of poor [[management]] and lack of [[accountability]].
+I suggest to replace
-==History of the term==
-The term has its origin in a humorous shortening of ''[[wikt:quasi|quasi]]-[[NGO]]'', an ostensibly [[non-governmental organization]] performing governmental functions, often in receipt of funding or other support from government. <ref name="Wettenhall"> Wettenhall, R 1981 'The quango phenomenon', Current Affairs Bulletin 57(10):14-22.]</ref> In the territories named numerous such bodies appeared from the 1980s onwards. Examples in the United Kingdom include those engaged in the regulation of various commercial and service sectors, such as the [[Press Complaints Commission]] and the [[Water Services Regulation Authority]].
+Derzeit arbeitet er an der Entwicklung der Programmiersprache Fortress.[1][2]
-An essential feature of a quango in the original definition was that it should not be a formal part of the state structure. The term was then extended to apply to a range of organizations, such as [[executive agency|executive agencies]] providing (from 1988) health, education and other services. Particularly in the UK, this occurred in a polemical atmosphere in which it was alleged that proliferation of such bodies was undesirable and should be reversed (see below). <ref>[http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/watson4.html]</ref> This spawned the related acronym ''qualgo'', a 'quasi-autonomous ''local'' government organization'. <ref>[[The Times]] "New body's waste plea."  (April 18, 1986): NA. [http://find.galegroup.com/itx/start.do?prodId=SPN.SP00 Newspapers Online. Gale.]
-Gale Document Number:CJ117886677.  Retrieved 5 Apr, 2008.  "...London Waste Regulation Authority, the first 'qualgo' formed after abolition of the Greater London Council, ... The new body is a joint board of councilors from London boroughs. 'Qualgo' stands for 'quasi-autonomous local government organization', the municipal equivalent of a quango, in which members are appointed by other councilors. " </ref><!-- This sentence seems to be some kind of original research that the word autonomous should not be used in the new acronym.  So I commented it out [[WP:BRD]]. "Similarly, the insertion of the word "autonomous" does not work in a descriptive sense: the main complaint about these organizations is that they have too much autonomy, rather than, as with the original term, that their apparent autonomy conceals a close relationship with government." -->
+in
-''Quango'' has been abandoned almost entirely from UK official usage. Instead, the less contentious term [[non-departmental public body]] (NDPB) is  employed to identify numerous organizations with devolved governmental responsibilities. The UK government's definition in 1997 of a non-departmental public body or quango was:
+http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_Lewis_Steele_junior
-:"A body which has a role in the processes of national government, but is not a government department or part of one, and which accordingly operates to a greater or lesser extent at arm's length from [[Minister (government)|Ministers]]." [http://www.archive.official-documents.co.uk/document/caboff/bodies97/intro-1.htm]
+with a translation of
-== United Kingdom ==
-The use in the UK of [[executive agency|executive agencies]] charged with service delivery functions has arisen alongside so-called [[non-departmental public bodies]]. These agencies do not usually have a legal identity separate from that of their parent department; and, unless they have trading fund status, their accounts form part of the accounts of the parent department. The [[National Health Service]] also has bodies called [[NHS special health authority|special health authorities]], technically neither NDPBs nor executive agencies. The [[Department of Health (United Kingdom)|Department of Health]] chooses to designate all three types as "arm's length bodies".
+In 2005, Steele began leading a team of researchers at Sun developing a new programming language named Fortress, a high-performance language designed to obsolete Fortran.
-[[Network Rail]], responsible for the UK's railway infrastructure, may be regarded as a quango, subject, however, to the question of whether the entity is, as its formal structure might suggest, a non-governmental private company, or a [[state-owned enterprise]].
+found in
-== Ireland==
-[[Ireland]] in 2006 had more than 800 quangos, 482 at national and 350 at local level, with a total of 5,784 individual appointees and a combined annual budget of [[Euro|€]]13 billion. <ref>According to a survey carried out by the [[think-tank]] Tasc in 2006. [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/newspapers/sunday_times/ireland/article616806.ece Focus: What's wrong with quangos?] &mdash; ''[[The Sunday Times (UK)|The Sunday Times]]'' newspaper article, [[29 October]]
-</ref>
+http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guy_L._Steele,_Jr.
-==Criticisms==
-Quangos have often been accused of bureaucratic waste and excess. In 2005 Dan Lewis, author of ''The Essential Guide to Quango''s, for example, claimed that the UK had 529 quangos, many of which were useless and duplicated the work of others. In August 2008 a report by the right-wing pressure group, the Taxpayers' Alliance, claimed that £15 billion was being wasted by the [[regional development agency|regional development agencies]], quangos set up to encourage economic development in the English regions. <ref>{{Cite web
-|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/7548573.stm
-|title=Agencies branded 'waste of money'
-|work=[[bbc.co.uk]]
-|publisher=[[BBC News]]
-|quote=Quangos set up to improve the fortunes of the English regions have been branded a costly and ineffectual waste of money by a pressure group.
-|date=2008-08-08
-|accessdate=2008-08-08
-}}</ref>
-==See also==
-* [[Executive agency]]
-* [[Departments of the United Kingdom Government]]
-* [[Scottish public bodies]]
-* [[Off-budget enterprise]]
-* [[Non-governmental organization]]
-==References==
-<!--<nowiki>
-See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Footnotes for an explanation of how to generate footnotes using the <ref> and </ref> tags, and the template below.
-</nowiki>-->
-{{reflist}}
-==External links==
-* [http://www.civilservice.gov.uk/other/agencies/ Cabinet Office - Agencies and Public Bodies]
-* [http://quangos.ercouncil.org Economic Research Council - online database of all UK quangos 1998-2006]
-* [http://www.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,2087-2340529,00.html The Sunday Times Article on Quangos - Sept 2006]
-* [http://blog-pfm.imf.org/pfmblog/2007/10/extrabudgetary-.html Richard Allen and Dimitar Radev, "Managing and Controlling Extrabudgetary Funds", OECD Journal of Budgeting, Vol. 6, No. 4, 2006]
-* Carsten Greve, Matthew Flinders, Sandra Van Thiel (1999), Quangos—What's in a Name? Defining Quangos from a Comparative Perspective, Governance 12 (2), 129–146 doi:10.1111/0952-1895.951999095
-* [http://www.cabinet-office.gov.uk/central/1997/consult/quchap1.htm Definition of 'non-departmental public body' as synonymous with 'QUANGO']
-* [http://www.publicappointments.gov.uk/ UK government site about the process of making public appointments]
-[[Category:Acronyms]]
-[[Category:Government bodies| ]]
-[[Category:Political terms]]
-[[nl:Zelfstandig bestuursorgaan]]
-[[zh:半官方機構]]