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Since the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church has required priests and bishops to be celibate.Vorlage:Fact Celibacy is a practice and discipline, however, going back to the early Church, even if it was not absolutely required of all ordained previously. In this context, celibate is not synonymous with sexually abstinent; celibate means not married; it entails sexual abstinence because of a separate church doctrine requiring sexual abstinence outside of marriage. The discipline of celibacy is not considered one of the infallible immutable dogmas, and so exceptions are occasionally allowed (see clerical celibacy — for example, in some cases a married Protestant minister or Anglican priest who becomes a Catholic may be ordained to the priesthood). In particular, present-day church law allows the College of Cardinals to elect a married man to the papacy. In the Eastern Catholic Churches, married men are routinely ordained to the priesthood, but not to the episcopate. According to the Gospels, Saint Peter was married. According to the tradition of the Catholic Church, and supported by the archaeological evidence of his tomb on Vatican Hill, St. Peter founded the Christian community in Rome and became its bishop.

Some popes were sexually active before their election as pope; and it has sometimes been claimed that other Popes were sexually active during their papacies.

Periods in parentheses refer to the years of their papacies.

Non- celibate Popes

• Pope Benedict IX (1032–1044, 1045–1046, 1047–1048) Accused by Bishop Benno of Placenta of "many vile adulteries and murders." Pope Victor III referred to "his rapes, murders and other unspeakable acts. His life as a Pope so vile, so foul, so execrable, that I shudder to think of it."
• Pope Clement II (1046–1047) died from consuming too much lead sugar, which was used at the time as a cure for venereal diseases. It is unknown whether Clement took the lead sugar to treat a sexually transmitted disease or if he was poisoned by a third party.

See also

• Legends surrounding the Papacy

Notes

1. Vorlage:Note Kelly, J.N.D: Oxford Dictionary of the Popes. Oxford University Press, New York 1986, ISBN 0-19-213964-9.  p. 36–37
2. Vorlage:Note Catholic Encyclopedia (1910) Pope St. Hormisdas
3. Vorlage:NoteMartin, Malachi: Decline and Fall of the Roman Church. Bantam Books, New York 1981, ISBN 0-553-22944-3.  p. 105

References

• The Pope Encyclopedia: An A to Z of the Holy See , Matthew Bunson, Crown Trade Paperbacks, New York, 1995.
• The Papacy, Bernhard Schimmelpfennig, Columbia University Press, New York, 1984.
• Lives of the Popes, Richard P. McBrien, Harper Collins, San Francisco, 1997.
• Papal Genealogy, George L. Williams, McFarland& Co., Jefferson, North Carolina, 1998.
• Sex Lives of the Popes, Nigel Cawthorne, Prion, London, 1996.