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{{short description|English Lakeland fell-running challenge}}
The '''Bob Graham Round''' is a [[fell running]] challenge in the English [[Lake District]]. It is named after Bob Graham (1889–1966), a [[Keswick, Cumbria|Keswick]] guest-house owner, who in June 1932 broke the Lakeland Fell record by traversing 42 [[fell]]s within a 24-hour period. Traversing the 42 fells, starting and finishing at Keswick Moot Hall, involves 66 miles (106 km) with 26,900 feet (8,200 m) of ascent.

The Round was first repeated, in a better time, in 1960 by Alan Heaton. Since then over 2000 individuals have completed the Round with the fastest time being 12hr 52m set by [[Kilian Jornet]], surpassing by more than an hour, [[Billy Bland (runner)|Billy Bland]]'s record which had stood for 36 years. The women's record is 15hr 24m set by [[Jasmin Paris]] in 2016. The Lakeland 24 Hour record has also been improved with the current holder, Kim Collison, successfully reaching 78 summits in the allotted time.

Along with the [[Paddy Buckley Round]] and the [[Ramsay Round]], the Bob Graham Round is one of the classic big three mountain challenges in the UK. Some fifty six individuals have completed all three.

[[Image:Skiddawlittleman.jpg|thumb|300px|Bob Graham Round runner and supporters descending Skiddaw.]]

==History of the round==
{{tone|section|date= December 2016}}

=== Early developments ===
The development of progressively lengthier and more competitive rounds of the Lakeland fells is chronicled in the Bob Graham Club's ''Story of the Bob Graham Round'',<ref name="BGR">{{cite book |first1=Brian |last1=Covell |first2=A.H. |last2=Griffin |first3=Roger |last3=Smith |title=42 Peaks: The Story of the Bob Graham Round |publisher=The Bob Graham Club |origyear=1982|year=1992}}</ref> and in the fell-walking section of [[M. J. B. Baddeley]]'s Lakeland guidebook:,<ref>Baddeley, M. J. B. ''The Lake District'', 23rd edition (edited by R. J. W. Hammond), 1968, Ward, Lock & Co.</ref> and most recently in Chapter 15 of Steve Chilton's ''It's a hill, get over it: fell running's history and characters'' <ref>{{cite book |first1=Steve |last1=Chilton |url=http://sandstonepress.com/books/its-a-hill-get-over-it-pb |title=It's a hill, get over it: fell running's history and characters |year=2013 |publisher=Sandstone Press |place=Dingwall|isbn=978-1-908737-57-1}}</ref>

Some of the more notable rounds:

* 1864: the Reverend J.M. Elliott of Cambridge traversed the summits around the head of Wasdale in 8.5 hours
* 1870: Thomas Watson of Darlington covered {{convert|48|mi|km}} with over {{convert|10000|ft|m}} of ascent in 20 hours
* 1902: S.B. Johnson of Carlisle completed a {{convert|70|mi|km|adj=on}}, {{convert|18000|ft|m|adj=on}} round in 22.5 hours
* 1905: Dr Wakefield of Keswick completed the same round in 22h7m (recorded in The Sedberghian)
* 1920: Eustace Thomas, at age 54, covered the same round in 21h25m

It was Dr Wakefield who codified the essentials of the challenge: "''To traverse on foot as many tops over 2000ft and return to the starting point within 24 hours''". Wakefield was Keswick-based so specified the start/finish point as that town's Moot Hall.

=== Bob Graham's initial Round ===
On 12–13 June 1932 Bob Graham extended the 24-hour [[Lake District National Park|Lakeland]] [[peak bagging]] record to a total of 42 peaks in a time of 23 hours 39 minutes. Even though this was recognised as the new record several of the tops claimed did not reach {{convert|2000|ft|m|adj=on}} in altitude. The approximate distance of the new record (determined using current technology) was {{convert|66|mi|km|adj=on}} with {{convert|26,900|ft|m}} of ascent. At the time the distance was claimed, not by Graham, to be in excess of {{convert|130|mi|km}} though the given amount of ascent was reasonably close to the currently accepted figure. Several 20th Century sources (including the ''42 Peaks'' booklet<ref name="BGR" />) erroneously state the distance to be {{convert|72|mi|km}}.

It has long been thought that Bob Graham chose 42 peaks to match his age at the time of the attempt but his birth certificate shows that he was born on 1st March 1889 and therefore 43 at the time of his Round. It's possible that this was the original reasoning for his attempt the previous year.

The date of the successful round is sometimes given as 13–14 June 1932. However this date would be Monday-Tuesday which is unlikely given that both he and his pacers would have had to take the Monday off work.

The record came under immediate scrutiny, possibly because Graham wasn't from the higher social classes who up until that time had been the only ones with the free time to spend long periods on the fells but more likely due to the large reported distance.

=== The first repeat ===
The first attempt at beating the record came from [[Freddie Spencer Chapman]] who managed the round in 25 hours. As far as is known, this was the only attempt until after the Second World War. The next attempts were not until the 1950s with some coming close to success.

In the early 1960s, at a time when the veteran walker [[Barbara Moore (vegetarian)|Dr Barbara Moore]] was gaining publicity for doing the [[John o'Groats to Land's End]] walk, the Lakeland writer [[A. Harry Griffin|Harry Griffin]] noted that "''You didn't need fitness for such walks, you could get fit whilst undertaking the challenge. The Lakeland 24 hour record on the other hand.''" This piqued the interest of several runners: Maurice Collett and Paul Stewart made an attempt starting from Langdale but experiencing rough weather they completed the round in 27 hours 20 minutes. Also interested were the Heaton brothers from Lancashire who systematically set about attempting the record.

After several attempts Alan Heaton finally broke the record in 1960, completing the circuit in 22 hours 18 minutes.

Bob Graham's original round included four tops that are not in what is now called the Bob Graham Round. These were:

* High White Stones (an area just to the north of [[High Raise (Langdale)|High Raise]])
* Hanging Knotts (a subsidiary summit of [[Bowfell]])
* Looking Stead (a prominence on the ridge between [[Pillar (Lake District)|Pillar]] and [[Black Sail Pass]])
* High Snab Bank (a minor prominence on the ridge to the north of [[Robinson (Lake District)|Robinson]])

Alan Heaton replaced these with:

* [[White Side]]
* [[Helvellyn Lower Man]]
* [[Ill Crag]]
* [[Broad Crag]]

Graham must have passed over the first two as they lie on the main path along the Helvellyn ridge.

It is these along with the other 38 tops that is now called the "Bob Graham Round" and are listed below.

=== Subsequent developments ===
Heaton's new record began a flurry of activity to add extra tops with the intent of extending the 24-hour record. It was soon discovered that the route of Bob Graham's round was not optimal for attempts on the absolute fell record so the two began to be regarded as separate challenges and have slightly different rules. The 24-hour record has now been extended to 77 tops. Bob Graham's round was left as a challenge in its own right.

The Bob Graham Round is now a standard fell-runner's test-piece having been successfully completed by 2384 people up to the end of 2019. Solo rounds have been accomplished but most contenders are accompanied by at least one runner in support, a requirement for acceptance of membership of the Bob Graham Club. The vast majority of attempts are undertaken close to mid summer to make use of maximum daylight. Nonetheless, as of January 2020, forty four individuals have successfully completed a winter round of the standard circuit.

== The route ==

The round may be attempted either clockwise or anti-clockwise, provided that the start and finish is at the [[Keswick, Cumbria|Moot Hall, Keswick]]. Predicted times for each stage of the round can be determined using an adaptation of [[Naismith's rule]].
[[File:Bob Graham round.svg|thumb|400px|Fell summits of the Bob Graham Round]]
[[File:BGRrouteprofile.png|thumb|400px|The route profile of the Bob Graham Round]]
{| class="wikitable"
! Summit<br /> Sequence
! Location
|-
|align="center"|Start and Finish Line ||align="left"|'''Moot Hall, Keswick'''
|-
|align="center"|1||align="left"|[[Skiddaw]]
|-
|align="center"|2||align="left"| [[Great Calva]]
|-
|align="center"|3||align="left"| [[Blencathra]]
|-
|align="center"|Road Crossing||align="left"| [[Threlkeld]]
|-
|align="center"|4||align="left"| [[Clough Head]]
|-
|align="center"|5||align="left"| [[Great Dodd]]
|-
|align="center"|6||align="left"| [[Watson's Dodd]]
|-
|align="center"|7||align="left"| [[Stybarrow Dodd]]
|-
|align="center"|8||align="left"| [[Raise (Lake District)|Raise]]
|-
|align="center"|9||align="left"| [[White Side]]
|-
|align="center"|10||align="left"| [[Helvellyn Lower Man|Lowerman]]
|-
|align="center"|11||align="left"| [[Helvellyn]]
|-
|align="center"|12||align="left"| [[Nethermost Pike]]
|-
|align="center"|13||align="left"| [[Dollywagon Pike]]
|-
|align="center"|14||align="left"| [[Fairfield (Lake District)|Fairfield]]
|-
|align="center"|15||align="left"| [[Seat Sandal]]
|-
|align="center"|Road Crossing||align="left"| [[Dunmail Raise]]
|-
|align="center"|16||align="left"| [[Steel Fell]]
|-
|align="center"|17||align="left"| [[Calf Crag]]
|-
|align="center"|18||align="left"| [[High Raise (Langdale)|High Raise]]
|-
|align="center"|19||align="left"| [[Sergeant Man]]
|-
|align="center"|20||align="left"| [[Thunacar Knott]]
|-
|align="center"|21||align="left"| [[Harrison Stickle]]
|-
|align="center"|22||align="left"| [[Pike of Stickle|Pike O' Stickle]]
|-
|align="center"|23||align="left"| [[Rossett Pike]]
|-
|align="center"|24||align="left"| [[Bowfell]]
|-
|align="center"|25||align="left"| [[Esk Pike]]
|-
|align="center"|26||align="left"| [[Great End]]
|-
|align="center"|27||align="left"| [[Ill Crag]]
|-
|align="center"|28||align="left"| [[Broad Crag]]
|-
|align="center"|29||align="left"| [[Scafell Pike]]
|-
|align="center"|30||align="left"| [[Sca Fell|Scafell]]
|-
|align="center"|Road Crossing||align="left"| [[Wasdale Head|Wasdale Campsite]]
|-
|align="center"|31||align="left"| [[Yewbarrow]]
|-
|align="center"|32||align="left"| [[Red Pike (Wasdale)|Red Pike]]
|-
|align="center"|33||align="left"| [[Steeple (Lake District)|Steeple]]
|-
|align="center"|34||align="left"| [[Pillar (Lake District)|Pillar]]
|-
|align="center"|35||align="left"| [[Kirk Fell]]
|-
|align="center"|36||align="left"| [[Great Gable]]
|-
|align="center"|37||align="left"| [[Green Gable]]
|-
|align="center"|38||align="left"| [[Brandreth]]
|-
|align="center"|39||align="left"| [[Grey Knotts]]
|-
|align="center"|Road Crossing||align="left"| [[Honister Pass]]
|-
|align="center"|40||align="left"| [[Dale Head]]
|-
|align="center"|41||align="left"| [[Hindscarth]]
|-
|align="center"|42||align="left"| [[Robinson (Lake District)|Robinson]]
|-
|align="center"|Start and Finish Line ||align="left"|'''Moot Hall, Keswick'''
|-
|}

==Record circuits==
[[File:Bob Graham Round record time.gif|thumb|Successive men's and women's records for Bob Graham Round|alt=|400x400px]]

The succession of fastest rounds by men for the standard 42 tops is:
* 1960: Alan Heaton – 22:18
* 1971: Peter Walkington – 20:43
* 1973: [[Bill Smith (fell runner)|Bill Smith]] & Boyd Millen – 20:38
* 1976: John North – 19:48
* 1976: [[Billy Bland (runner)|Billy Bland]] – 18:50
* 1977: Mike Nicholson – 17:45
* 1982: Billy Bland – 13:53
* 2018: [[Kilian Jornet]] - 12:52

The progression of fastest ladies' rounds is:<ref>Steve Chilton, ''The Round: In Bob Graham's Footsteps'' (Dingwall, 2015).</ref>
* 1977: Jean Dawes - 23:27
* 1978: Anne-Marie Grindley - 21:05
* 1979: [[Ros Coats]] - 20:31
* 1988: [[Helene Diamantides]] - 20:17
* 1989: Helene Diamantides - 19:11
* 1991: Anne Stentiford - 18:49
* 2012: [[Nicky Spinks]] - 18:12
* 2015: Nicky Spinks – 18:06<ref>{{cite web|url=http://team.inov-8.com/inspirational-nicky-spinks-sets-new-mountain-running-record/|title=Inspirational Nicky Spinks sets new mountain running record|work=Inov-8|access-date=2015-04-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150412015016/http://team.inov-8.com/inspirational-nicky-spinks-sets-new-mountain-running-record/#|archive-date=2015-04-12|url-status=dead}}</ref>
* 2016: [[Jasmin Paris]] - 15:24<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.overyonderphotography.com/fell-running/jasmin-paris-smashes-womens-bob-graham-record/|title=Jasmin Paris Smashes Bob Graham Round Record.|work=Over Yonder Photography}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://jasminfellrunner.blogspot.co.uk/2016/05/bob-graham.html|title=Personal account|work=Jasmin Paris blog}}</ref>

The progression of these record times is shown in the graph.[[File:Lake District 24 hours peaks records.gif|thumb|Successive men's and women's records for number of Lake District peaks climbed in 24 hours|alt=|400x400px]]

Building on the basic Bob Graham Round, later runners raised the number of peaks traversed within 24 hours still further:

* 1962: Alan Heaton – 54 peaks in 23:48
* 1963: Eric Beard – 56 peaks, involving {{convert|88|mi|km}} with {{convert|34000|ft|m}} of ascent in 23:35
* 1964: Alan Heaton – 60 peaks in 23:34
* 1971: [[Joss Naylor]] – 61 peaks in 23:37
* 1972: Joss Naylor – 63 peaks in 23:35
* 1975: Joss Naylor – 72 peaks involving over {{convert|100|mi|km}} and {{convert|37000|ft|m}} of ascent in 23:20
* 1988: Mark McDermott – 76 peaks in 23:26
* 1997: Mark Hartell – 77 peaks in 23:47
* 2020: Kim Collison – 78 peaks in 23:45<ref>[https://www.grough.co.uk/magazine/2020/07/12/runner-kim-collison-beats-lakeland-24-hour-record-that-stood-for-23-years Grough: Runner Kim Collison beats Lakeland 24-hour Record that stood for 23 Years.]</ref>

The sequence of ladies 24-hour records (for the number of peaks traversed within 24 hours or for the same number of peaks in a faster time) is<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobgrahamclub.org.uk/index.php?page=records|title=The Bob Graham 24 Hour Club|website=www.bobgrahamclub.org.uk|access-date=2019-09-15}}</ref>:
* 1977: Jean Dawes – 42 peaks in 23:37
*1978: Anne-Marie Grindley – 42 peaks in 21:05
*1979: Ros Coats – 42 peaks in 20:31
*1979: Anne-Marie Grindley – 58 peaks in 23:20
*1994: Ann Stentiford – 62 peaks in 23:17
*2011: Nicky Spinks – 64 peaks in 23:15<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.runbg.co.uk/Lakes%2024%20Hr%20Record.htm|title=Ladies Lakes 24hr Record|work=Personal website}}</ref>

The progression of the record for the number of peaks is shown in the graph.

Several later runners have successfully attempted 50 peaks at 50, and 55 peaks at 55. Notable achievements are:
* 1997: Joss Naylor attempted 60 peaks at age 60 over 36 hours (first to last peak) to raise money for Multiple Sclerosis research
* 2005: [[Yiannis Tridimas]] completed 60 peaks at age 60, in 23:52
* 2006: Joss Naylor completed 70 peaks at age 70, covering more than 50 miles and ascending more than 25,000 feet, in under 21 hours

=== Double Rounds ===
A double round is two rounds (132 miles and 54,000 feet of climbing) on consecutive days. This has been achieved four times, twice within 48 hours, with the record held by Nicky Spinks:

* 1977: Boyd Millen - 52:30
* 1979: Roger Baumeister - 46:34
* 1995: Eric Draper - 50:35
* 14 and 15 May 2016: Nicky Spinks - 45:30

Baumeister<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.dpfr.org.uk/uploads/pages/files/80/10_years-all.pdf|title=Ten Years of Dark Peak Fell Runners (1976-1986)|last=Berry|first=Graham|last2=Sant|first2=Dave|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=14-31|url-status=live}}</ref> and Spinks<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.inov-8.com/blog/nicky-spinks-double-bob-graham-round/|title=Nicky Spinks To Attempt Double Bob Graham Round|date=2016-05-12|website=www.inov-8.com|language=en-GB|access-date=2019-09-15}}</ref> both started at Keswick, ran clockwise to Yewbarrow (peak 31 on a clockwise Round), reversed and ran back to Keswick, then continued anticlockwise to Yewbarrow (now peak 12 on an anticlockwise Round), before reversing again and completing the double traverse of all 42 peaks, once clockwise and once anticlockwise, at Keswick.

==The Bob Graham Club 24 Hour Club==

The Bob Graham Club was proposed in 1971 by Fred Rogerson. It exists to record attempts at long distance challenges over the Lakeland fells. The majority of the club's activity is related to the Bob Graham Round itself. While there is no requirement to apply for membership most attempting the round do so. The Club does not organise attempts on the Round, this is left to each individual.

The rules for gaining club membership are simple:

* Starting at the Moot Hall in Keswick, traverse the 42 summits of the Round (or more) on foot and return to the starting point within 24 hours of the starting time.
* The visit to each summit must be witnessed by a companion and the time of that visit recorded.
* The times at each summit and names of companions are entered in the membership application form.

The second requirement effectively prevents solo rounds counting for club membership though several runners, both club members and non-members, have made solo rounds.

The club have decided that from 1 January 2020, they will no longer accept rounds that use paid-for or commercial guiding services, in keeping with the ethos of the club of voluntary and mutual support.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.bobgrahamclub.org.uk/index.php?page=paid|title=The Bob Graham 24 Hour Club|website=www.bobgrahamclub.org.uk|access-date=2019-09-16}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[South Wales Traverse]] sometimes considered the South Wales equivalent of the Bob Graham Round.
*[[Paddy Buckley Round]] A similar round in the mountains of [[Snowdonia]].
*[[Ramsay Round]] The Scottish equivalent of the Bob Graham taking in 24 [[Munros]] on the ridges of The Grey Corries and the Mamores.
*[[Wicklow Round]] The eastern Irish equivalent, taking in 26 mountains in the [[Wicklow Mountains]].
*[[Denis Rankin Round]] The Northern Irish equivalent, taking in the [[Mourne Mountains]].
*[[Paddy Dillon Challenge]] The southwestern Irish equivalent, taking in the [[Dunkerron Mountains]] and [[Mountains of East Kerry|Mangerton Mountains]]. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.cicerone.co.uk/the-iveragh-spine-route-or-the-paddy-dillon-challenge|title=The Iveragh Spine Route or the Paddy Dillon Challenge|year=2018 |publisher=Cicerone Press|author=Peter Walker}}</ref>
*[[McWilliams Round]] A short (32 mile) and long (44 mile) round route in The Cheviots starting and ending in Wooler

==References==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* [http://www.bobgrahamclub.org.uk/ Bob Graham 24 Hour Club] Official site of the Bob Graham Round club
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110302150205/http://bobwightman.co.uk/run/bob_graham.php Bob Graham Round] Bob Wightman's Bob Graham Round webpages
* [http://www.bobgrahamclub.co.uk/bobgrahamround.co.uk/ The Bob Graham Round] Another site for enthusiasts including further statistics (now part of the Bob Graham 24 Hour Club's website)
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20090615093547/http://www.frcc.co.uk/area.asp?area_id=8 Fell & Rock Climbing Club of the English Lake District] [[Fell & Rock Climbing Club|FRCC]] site, giving long walks and runs in the English Lakes
* [http://www.fellrunner.org.uk/ The Fell Runners Association] organizers in the [[United Kingdom|UK]] with links to regions, events and clubs
* [https://calumlewis.co.uk/journal/bob-graham-round/ The Bob Graham Round Photo Blog | Calum Lewis] A Photographic Journal of the Bob Graham Round 2016

[[Category:Fell running challenges]]
[[Category:Sport in Cumbria]]

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