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{{Other uses|Ælfric}}
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{{Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Portale/Baustelle/Portal:Hasen und Kaninchen/Tabs|Neue Artikel}}


{{Infobox Christian leader
<!-- ========== Neue Artikel (Lemma) ========== -->
| name = Ælfric Puttoc
{{Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Portale/Baustelle/Portal:Hasen und Kaninchen/Rahmen|None}}
| archbishop_of = [[Archbishop of York]]
{{Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Portale/Baustelle/Portal:Hasen und Kaninchen/Edit|Neue Artikel|Wikipedia:WikiProjekt Portale/Baustelle/Portal:Hasen und Kaninchen/Neue Artikel}}
| image =
</br>
| imagesize =
<noinclude>{{Benutzer:MerlBot/InAction|NeueArtikel|LIST|1|CAT=Hasenartige,Lagomorpha,Kaninchenkrankheit,Fiktiver Hase,Hase in der Kunst,Hase (Sternbild)|maxTage=28|TaxonBota=ja}}</noinclude>
| alt =
<!--MB-NeueArtikel-->
| caption =
<!--MB-NeueArtikel-->
| appointed = 1023
{{Absatz}}
| ended = 1041 and 1051
</div>
| predecessor = [[Wulfstan II|Wulfstan]]
| successor = [[Cynesige]]
| consecration = 1023<br>restored 1042
| consecrated_by=[[Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)|Æthelnoth]]
| birth_name = Ælfric
| death_date = 22 January 1051
| death_place = [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire]]
| buried = [[Peterborough Cathedral]]
}}

'''Ælfric Puttoc'''{{efn|Pronounced {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|l|f|r|ɪ|k|_|ˈ|p|ʌ|t|ə|k}}; {{lang-ang|Ælfrīc Puttoc}}. Sometimes modernised as '''Alfric Puttock'''.}} (died 22 January 1051) was a medieval [[Archbishop of York]] and [[Bishop of Worcester]].

==Early==

Ælfric first appears in the historical record as the provost of [[New Minster, Winchester]].<ref name=DNB>Hunt "[http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/191 Ælfric (d. 1051)]" ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography''</ref> He was probably a native of Wessex.<ref name=Cooper14>Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 14</ref> He became Archbishop of York in 1023,<ref name=Handbook224>Fryde ''Handbook of British Chronology'' p. 224</ref> but did not hold the [[see of Worcester]] at the same time, which had been traditional for a number of years. He was consecrated by [[Æthelnoth (archbishop of Canterbury)|Æthelnoth]], the [[Archbishop of Canterbury]].<ref name=DNB/> He was replaced as [[Bishopric of Worcester]] by [[Lyfing, Abbot of Tavistock]].<ref name=Handbook224/>

Ælfric travelled to Rome in 1026 to receive his [[pallium]] from Pope [[Pope John XIX|John XIX]].<ref name=DNB/> He was the first archbishop of York to travel to Rome for their pallium, all other palliums held by the archbishops previous to this having been sent to York.<ref name=Cooper16/> During King [[Cnut the Great|Cnut of England]]'s reign, Ælfric received the manor of Patrington in [[Holderness]] from the king and his wife [[Emma of Normandy]].<ref name=Fletcher104>Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 104</ref> In 1036 he may have been the bishop who crowned [[Harold Harefoot]] king of England, since the Archbishop of Canterbury of the time was Æthelnoth, who supported Harold's rival [[Harthacnut]].{{Citation needed|date=November 2007}}

==Under Harthacnut==

However, when Harthacnut became king, Ælfric became a supporter of Harthacnut.<ref name=Church72>Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' pp. 72–74</ref> During Harthacnut's reign, Ælfric was sent with others to disinter Harold's body and throw it away.<ref name=DNB/> In 1040, Lyfing was accused of taking part in the murder of [[Alfred Atheling|Alfred]] and Ælfric used the temporary disgrace of Lyfing to acquire Worcester. In fact, the chronicler [[John of Worcester]] relates the story that it was Ælfric himself who accused Lyfing of being involved in Alfred's murder, although whether to curry favor with the new king Harthacnut or in order to acquire Worcester is unclear.<ref name=Harold16>Walker ''Harold'' p. 16</ref> Ælfric was deprived of both his sees in 1041.<ref name=Handbook224/>

Ælfric's main political activities took place during Harthacnut's reign, although he attested charters of Cnut, Harold Harefoot and Edward the Confessor also.<ref name=Cooper16>Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 16</ref>

Ælfric translated the relics of [[John of Beverley]] into a new shrine at Beverley in 1037, and worked to foster the cult of that saint, by providing new buildings and giving endowments to the church.<ref name=Church72/> An oddity of his time as archbishop was that instead of the normal descriptor ''archiepiscopus'' on charters, Ælfric used ''archipraesul'' instead.<ref name=Church234>Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' p. 234</ref> He continued the work of his predecessor in founding houses of [[Canon (priest)|canons]] in his archdiocese.<ref name=Cooper16/> A late medieval source recorded by the early modern antiquarian [[John Leland (antiquary)|John Leland]] claims that Ælfric created the offices of [[sacristan]], [[chancellor]], and [[precentor]] at Beverley.<ref name=Cooper17>Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' p. 17</ref>

==Under Edward the Confessor==

In 1042, [[Æthelric (archbishop of York)|Æthelric]], who had succeeded to the see of York, was deprived of York and Ælfric was returned to York.<ref name=Handbook224/> Ælfric officiated with Archbishop [[Edsige]] of Canterbury at the coronation of [[Edward the Confessor]] at [[Winchester]] on 3 April 1043.<ref name=Edward61>[[Frank Barlow (historian)|Barlow, Frank]], ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 61</ref> Ælfric died at [[Southwell, Nottinghamshire|Southwell]] on 22 January 1051<ref name=Edward104>Barlow ''Edward the Confessor'' p. 104</ref> and is buried in [[Peterborough Cathedral]].<ref name=Monastic73>Knowles ''The Monastic Order in England'' p. 73</ref> While the later medieval chronicler [[William of Malmesbury]] felt that Ælfric deserved rebuke, the ''[[Anglo-Saxon Chronicle]]'' called him "very venerable and wise".<ref name=Church72/><ref name=ChurchQ73>Quoted in Barlow ''English Church 1000–1066'' p. 73</ref> Ælfric left his vestments and altar to Peterborough Abbey.<ref name=Church72/>

Ælfric's nickname, or [[byname]], "Puttoc" probably means "[[kite (bird)|kite]]" (the type of bird; confer [[Old English]] ''pyttel'', "kite; little [[hawk]]"), and may have been an invention by the monks of Worcester to belittle Ælfric.<ref name=DNB/> It may have meant "buzzard" also.<ref name=Fletcher113>Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 113-114</ref> It never occurs without the Ælfric, so it is unlikely to have been a true second name.<ref name=Cooper1718>Cooper ''Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops'' pp. 17–18</ref> The ''Northumbrian Priests' Law'' which is usually attributed to Ælfric's predecessor [[Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York]], might have been authored instead by Ælfric, or possibly Ælfric's successor [[Cynesige]].<ref name=Fletcher128>Fletcher ''Bloodfeud'' p. 128</ref>

==Notes==
{{notelist}}

==Citations==
{{reflist|40em}}

==References==
{{refbegin|60em}}
* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |authorlink=Frank Barlow (historian) |title=Edward the Confessor |publisher=University of California Press |location=Berkeley, CA |year=1970 |isbn=0-520-01671-8 }}
* {{cite book |author=Barlow, Frank |authorlink=Frank Barlow (historian) |title=The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church |publisher=Longman |location=New York |year=1979 |isbn=0-582-49049-9 |edition=Second}}
* {{cite book |author=Cooper, Janet M. |title=The Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops of York |series=Borthwick Papers Number 38|publisher=St Anthony's Press |location=York, UK |year=1970|oclc= 656290}}
* {{cite book |author=Fletcher, R. A. |title= Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England |publisher=Oxford University Press |location=Oxford, UK |year=2003 |isbn=0-19-516136-X }}
* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite encyclopedia |author=Hunt, William |title=Ælfric (d. 1051)|others= revised by Marios Costambeys |encyclopedia=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=2004 |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/191 |accessdate= 10 November 2007 |doi= 10.1093/ref:odnb/191}}{{ODNBsub}}
* {{cite book |author=Knowles, David |title=The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216|authorlink=David Knowles (scholar) |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge, UK |year=1976 |edition= Second reprint |isbn=0-521-05479-6 }}
* {{cite book |author=Walker, Ian |title=Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King |publisher=Wrens Park |location=Gloucestershire, UK |year=2000|isbn=0-905778-46-4 }}
{{refend}}

==External links==
* {{PASE|15607|Ælfric 105}}

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel| [[Christianity|Christian]] titles}}
{{s-bef | before=[[Wulfstan II|Wulfstan]] }}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Archbishop of York]] | years=1023–1041}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Æthelric (archbishop of York)|Æthelric]] }}
{{s-bef | before=[[Lyfing of Winchester|Lyfing]] }}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Bishop of Worcester]] | years=1040–1041}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Lyfing of Winchester|Lyfing]] }}
{{s-bef | before=[[Æthelric (archbishop of York)|Æthelric]] }}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Archbishop of York]] | years=1042–1051}}
{{s-aft| after=[[Cynesige]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Archbishops of York}}
{{Bishops of Worcester}}
{{Authority control}}

{{Use British English|date=June 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2017}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aelfric Puttoc}}
[[Category:Archbishops of York]]
[[Category:1051 deaths]]
[[Category:11th-century archbishops]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:Burials at Peterborough Cathedral]]

Version vom 31. Dezember 2017, 19:56 Uhr

Vorlage:Other uses

Vorlage:Infobox Christian leader

Ælfric PuttocVorlage:Efn (died 22 January 1051) was a medieval Archbishop of York and Bishop of Worcester.

Early

Ælfric first appears in the historical record as the provost of New Minster, Winchester.[1] He was probably a native of Wessex.[2] He became Archbishop of York in 1023,[3] but did not hold the see of Worcester at the same time, which had been traditional for a number of years. He was consecrated by Æthelnoth, the Archbishop of Canterbury.[1] He was replaced as Bishopric of Worcester by Lyfing, Abbot of Tavistock.[3]

Ælfric travelled to Rome in 1026 to receive his pallium from Pope John XIX.[1] He was the first archbishop of York to travel to Rome for their pallium, all other palliums held by the archbishops previous to this having been sent to York.[4] During King Cnut of England's reign, Ælfric received the manor of Patrington in Holderness from the king and his wife Emma of Normandy.[5] In 1036 he may have been the bishop who crowned Harold Harefoot king of England, since the Archbishop of Canterbury of the time was Æthelnoth, who supported Harold's rival Harthacnut.Vorlage:Citation needed

Under Harthacnut

However, when Harthacnut became king, Ælfric became a supporter of Harthacnut.[6] During Harthacnut's reign, Ælfric was sent with others to disinter Harold's body and throw it away.[1] In 1040, Lyfing was accused of taking part in the murder of Alfred and Ælfric used the temporary disgrace of Lyfing to acquire Worcester. In fact, the chronicler John of Worcester relates the story that it was Ælfric himself who accused Lyfing of being involved in Alfred's murder, although whether to curry favor with the new king Harthacnut or in order to acquire Worcester is unclear.[7] Ælfric was deprived of both his sees in 1041.[3]

Ælfric's main political activities took place during Harthacnut's reign, although he attested charters of Cnut, Harold Harefoot and Edward the Confessor also.[4]

Ælfric translated the relics of John of Beverley into a new shrine at Beverley in 1037, and worked to foster the cult of that saint, by providing new buildings and giving endowments to the church.[6] An oddity of his time as archbishop was that instead of the normal descriptor archiepiscopus on charters, Ælfric used archipraesul instead.[8] He continued the work of his predecessor in founding houses of canons in his archdiocese.[4] A late medieval source recorded by the early modern antiquarian John Leland claims that Ælfric created the offices of sacristan, chancellor, and precentor at Beverley.[9]

Under Edward the Confessor

In 1042, Æthelric, who had succeeded to the see of York, was deprived of York and Ælfric was returned to York.[3] Ælfric officiated with Archbishop Edsige of Canterbury at the coronation of Edward the Confessor at Winchester on 3 April 1043.[10] Ælfric died at Southwell on 22 January 1051[11] and is buried in Peterborough Cathedral.[12] While the later medieval chronicler William of Malmesbury felt that Ælfric deserved rebuke, the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle called him "very venerable and wise".[6][13] Ælfric left his vestments and altar to Peterborough Abbey.[6]

Ælfric's nickname, or byname, "Puttoc" probably means "kite" (the type of bird; confer Old English pyttel, "kite; little hawk"), and may have been an invention by the monks of Worcester to belittle Ælfric.[1] It may have meant "buzzard" also.[14] It never occurs without the Ælfric, so it is unlikely to have been a true second name.[15] The Northumbrian Priests' Law which is usually attributed to Ælfric's predecessor Wulfstan II, Archbishop of York, might have been authored instead by Ælfric, or possibly Ælfric's successor Cynesige.[16]

Notes

Vorlage:Notelist

Citations

Vorlage:Reflist

References

Vorlage:Refbegin

  • Barlow, Frank: Edward the Confessor. University of California Press, Berkeley, CA 1970, ISBN 0-520-01671-8.
  • Barlow, Frank: The English Church 1000–1066: A History of the Later Anglo-Saxon Church. Second Auflage. Longman, New York 1979, ISBN 0-582-49049-9.
  • Cooper, Janet M.: The Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops of York (= Borthwick Papers Number 38). St Anthony's Press, York, UK 1970, OCLC 656290.
  • Fletcher, R. A.: Bloodfeud: Murder and Revenge in Anglo-Saxon England. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK 2003, ISBN 0-19-516136-X.
  • Fryde, E. B., Greenway, D. E., Porter, S., Roy, I.: Handbook of British Chronology. Third revised Auflage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 1996, ISBN 0-521-56350-X.
  • Vorlage:Cite encyclopediaVorlage:ODNBsub
  • Knowles, David: The Monastic Order in England: A History of its Development from the Times of St. Dunstan to the Fourth Lateran Council, 940–1216. Second reprint Auflage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK 1976, ISBN 0-521-05479-6.
  • Walker, Ian: Harold the Last Anglo-Saxon King. Wrens Park, Gloucestershire, UK 2000, ISBN 0-905778-46-4.

Vorlage:Refend

Vorlage:S-start Vorlage:S-rel Vorlage:S-bef Vorlage:S-ttl Vorlage:S-aft Vorlage:S-bef Vorlage:S-ttl Vorlage:S-aft Vorlage:S-bef Vorlage:S-ttl Vorlage:S-aft Vorlage:S-end

Vorlage:Archbishops of York Vorlage:Bishops of Worcester

Vorlage:Use British English Vorlage:Use dmy dates

  1. ↑ a b c d e Hunt "Ælfric (d. 1051)" Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
  2. ↑ Cooper Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops p. 14
  3. ↑ a b c d Fryde Handbook of British Chronology p. 224
  4. ↑ a b c Cooper Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops p. 16
  5. ↑ Fletcher Bloodfeud p. 104
  6. ↑ a b c d Barlow English Church 1000–1066 pp. 72–74
  7. ↑ Walker Harold p. 16
  8. ↑ Barlow English Church 1000–1066 p. 234
  9. ↑ Cooper Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops p. 17
  10. ↑ Barlow, Frank, Edward the Confessor p. 61
  11. ↑ Barlow Edward the Confessor p. 104
  12. ↑ Knowles The Monastic Order in England p. 73
  13. ↑ Quoted in Barlow English Church 1000–1066 p. 73
  14. ↑ Fletcher Bloodfeud p. 113-114
  15. ↑ Cooper Last Four Anglo-Saxon Archbishops pp. 17–18
  16. ↑ Fletcher Bloodfeud p. 128
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