„Klopfcode“ – Versionsunterschied
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[[United States]] [[prisoners of war]] during the [[Vietnam War]] are most known for having used the Tap Code. It was introduced in June 1965 by four POWs held in the [[Hanoi Hilton|Hoa Lo "Hanoi Hilton"]] prison: Captain Carlyle "Smitty" Harris, Lieutenant Phillip Butler, Lieutenant Robert Peel, and Lieutenant Commander Robert Shumaker.<ref name="pbs">{{cite web | url=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/honor/sfeature/sf_tap.html | title=''[[American Experience]]'': ''Return with Honor'': The Tap Code | publisher=[[PBS]] | date=1999 | accessdate=2008-04-08}}</ref>
The origins of this encoding go back to the [[Polybius square]] of [[Ancient Greece]]. As the "knock code", a [[Cyrillic alphabet]] version is said to have been used by [[nihilist movement| nihilist]] prisoners of the [[Russia]]n [[Czar]]s.<ref>[[David Kahn]], ''The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing''. 1967. ISBN 978-0-684-83130-5.</ref> The knock code is featured in [[Arthur Koestler]]'s classic 1941 work ''[[Darkness at Noon]]''.<ref>Koestler, Arthur, ''Darkness at Noon'' (1941). Translated by Daphne Hardy. See page 19 of the Bantam Publishing paperback, 1981 printing for more info.</ref> Smitty Harris had heard of the tap code being used by prisoners in [[World War II]]<ref name="au">{{cite news | url=http://www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/awc-pow.htm | title=Vets, Flyers discuss ideology, time in POW camps | author=Staff Sgt. Jason Tudor | publisher=[[Air Force News Service]] | date=1998-03-18 | accessdate=2008-04-08}}</ref> and remembered a [[United States Air Force]] instructor who had discussed it as well.<ref name="pbs"/>
In the Tap Code, each letter was communicated by tapping two numbers: the first designated the row (horizontal) and the second designated the column (vertical). The letter "X" was used to break up sentences and the letter "C" replaced the letter "K". Unlike [[Morse code]], the tap code depended on actual taps, instead of the frequency and duration of each tap, to communicate a letter.
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