Zum Inhalt springen

Cle Elum (Washington) und Kordilleren-Eisschild: Unterschied zwischen den Seiten

aus Wikipedia, der freien Enzyklopädie
(Unterschied zwischen Seiten)
[ungesichtete Version][ungesichtete Version]
Inhalt gelöscht Inhalt hinzugefügt
VisuellWikitext
Undid revision 265874826 by 68.185.32.59 (talk)
 
Keine Bearbeitungszusammenfassung
 
Zeile 1: Zeile 1:
The '''Cordilleran ice sheet''' was a major [[ice sheet]] that covered, during glacial periods of the [[Quaternary]], a large area of [[North America]]. This area included:
<!-- Infobox begins !-->
{{Infobox Settlement
|official_name = Cle Elum, Washington
|settlement_type = [[City]]
|nickname =
|motto = "Heart of The Cascades"
|image_skyline =
|imagesize = 150px
|image_caption =
|image_flag =
|image_seal =
|image_map = Kittitas_County_Washington_Incorporated_and_Unincorporated_areas_Cle_Elum_Highlighted.svg
|mapsize = 250px
|map_caption = Location of Cle Elum in Washington State
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|subdivision_type = [[List of countries|Country]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Political divisions of the United States|State]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[List of counties in Washington|County]]
|subdivision_name = [[United States]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Washington]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas]]
|government_type =
|leader_title = [[Mayor]]
|leader_name = [[Charles J. Glondo]]
|established_title = Founded
|established_date = [[February 12]], [[1902]]
|Rank = 2nd in [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas]]
|area_magnitude =
|area_total_sq_mi = 3.5
|area_total_km2 = 3.8
|area_land_sq_mi = 1.5
|area_land_km2 = 3.8
|area_water_sq_mi = 0.0
|area_water_km2 = 0.0
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_note =
|population_total = 1,797
|population_metro = 6,500
|population_density_km2 = 456.7
|population_density_sq_mi = 507
|timezone = [[Pacific Standard Time|PST]]
|utc_offset = -8
|timezone_DST = [[Pacific Daylight Time|PDT]]
|utc_offset_DST = -7
|latd = 47 |latm = 13 |lats = 6.3 |latNS = N
|longd = 120 |longm = 57 |longs = 46.48 |longEW = W
|elevation_m = 583
|elevation_ft = 1913
|Postal_Code = 98922
|Area_Code = 509
|website = http://www.cityofcleelum.com
|postal_code_type = [[ZIP code]]
|postal_code = 98922
|area_code = [[Area code 509|509]]
|blank_name = [[Federal Information Processing Standard|FIPS code]]
|blank_info = 53-12945{{GR|2}}
|blank1_name = [[Geographic Names Information System|GNIS]] feature ID
|blank1_info = 1517819{{GR|3}}
|footnotes =
}}
<!-- Infobox ends !-->
'''Cle Elum''' is a city in [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas County]], [[Washington]], [[United States]]. The population was 1,755 at the [[United States Census, 2000|2000 census]].


* - [[Western Montana]]
==History==
* - the [[Idaho Panhandle]]
The name Cle Elum, which means "swift water" in the language of the [[Kittitas]] Indians, was given to a river, a town, and also a tranquil lake created by the construction of the [[Cle Elum Dam]].
* - northern [[Washington|Washington state]] down to about [[Seattle]] and [[Spokane]]
* - all of [[British Columbia]]
* - the southwestern third or so of [[Yukon|Yukon territory]]
* - all of the [[Alaska Panhandle]]
* - [[South Central Alaska]]
* - the [[Alaska Peninsula]]
* - and all or almost all of the [[continental shelf]] north of the [[Strait of Juan de Fuca]]


The ice sheet covered up to two and a half million square kilometres at the [[Last Glacial Maximum]] and probably more than that in some previous periods such as the [[Kansan Glaciation]], when it may have extended into the northeast extremity of [[Oregon]] and the Salmon River Mountains in Idaho. It is probable, though, that its ''northern'' margin was ''further south'' due to the influence of [[starvation (glaciology)|starvation]] caused by very low levels of precipitation.
Cle Elum was officially incorporated on [[February 12]], [[1902]].


At its eastern end the Cordilleran ice sheet merged with the [[Laurentide ice sheet]] at the [[Continental Divide]], forming an area of ice that contained one and a half times as much water as the [[Antarctic ice sheet]] does today. At its western end it is believed nowadays that several small glacial refugia existed during the last glacial maximum below present [[sea level]] in now-submerged [[Hecate Strait]] and on the [[Brooks Peninsula]] in northern [[Vancouver Island]]. However, evidence of ice-free refugia ''above'' present sea level north of the [[Olympic Peninsula]] has been refuted by genetic and geological studies since the middle 1990s. The ice sheet faded north of the [[Alaska Range]] because the climate was too dry to form [[glaciers]].
Headed by John Bresko, Cle Elum was the first to have 'organized' skiing west of [[Denver, Colorado]]. Starting in 1921, 100–400 people would be on the ski hill every weekend through the winter. 1931 saw the largest crowd est. at 8,000 spectators for the [[ski jumping]] events. The depression ended the skiing and jumping events in 1934.


Unlike the Laurentide ice sheet, which is believed to have taken ''as much as eleven thousand years to fully melt'', it is believed the Cordilleran ice sheet, except for areas that remain glaciated today, melted ''very quickly, probably in four thousand years or less''. This rapid melting caused such [[floods]] as the overflow of [[Lake Missoula]] and shaped the topography of the extremely fertile [[Inland Empire (Pacific Northwest)|Inland Empire]] of [[Eastern Washington]].
==Famous Residents==


==Sea levels during glaciation==
[[Douglas Munro]] grew up in Cle Elum. He served in the United States Coast Guard during World War II. He was killed in action while evacuating Marines during the [[Battle of Guadalcanal]] and for his extraordinary heroism, outstanding leadership and gallantry, Munro posthumously received the Medal of Honor, the only Coast Guardsman to ever receive the military's highest honor. The Coast Guard Cutter [[USCGC Munro (WHEC-724)]] was also named in his honor.


Because of the weight of the ice, the mainland of northwest North America was so depressed that sea levels at the [[Last Glacial Maximum]] were over a hundred metres higher than they are today (measured by the level of [[bedrock]]).
The town was also the birthplace of astronaut [[Dick Scobee]], the commander of the [[Space Shuttle Challenger]] on the day of its explosion.


However, on the western edge at the [[Queen Charlotte Islands]] (which, contrary to "popular" myths of ice-free [[refuge|refugia]], were ''entirely glaciated'' during the LGM) the lower thickness of the ice sheet meant that sea levels were as much as ''170 metres lower'' than they are today, forming a large [[lake]] in the deepest parts of the strait. This was because the thickness of the centre of the ice sheet actually served to push upwards areas at the edge of the continental shelf which, ''even though glaciated'', were displaced and lifted by the pressing of the crust further inland. The effect of this during deglaciation was that sea levels on the edge of the ice sheet, which naturally deglaciated first, initially rose due to an increase in the volume of water, but later fell due to rebound after deglaciation.
==Geography==
Cle Elum is located in Upper Kittitas County. [[Kittitas County, Washington|Kittitas County]]
It is bordered on the north side by the Cle Elum Ridge and the south side by the South Cle Elum Ridge including Peoh Point. The Yakima River Runs through it and also Crystal Creek.


These effects are important because they have been used to explain how migrants to North America from [[Beringia]] were able to travel southward during the deglaciation process due purely to the exposure of submerged land between the mainland and numerous continental islands. They are also important for understanding the direction [[evolution]] has taken since the ice retreated.
Cle Elum is located at {{coord|47|11|39|N|120|56|15|W|city}} (47.194293, -120.937537).{{GR|1}}


Even today, the region is notable for its rapid changes in sea level, which, however, have little effect on most of the coast due to the numerous [[fjords]].
According to the [[United States Census Bureau]], the city has a total area of 3.8 km² (1.5 mi²), all land. It borders [[South Cle Elum, Washington|South Cle Elum]] and [[Roslyn, Washington|Roslyn]].


==Demographics==
== See also ==
As of the [[census]]{{GR|2}} of 2000, there were 1,755 people, 792 households, and 448 families residing in the city. The [[population density]] was 1,182.8 people per square mile (457.8/km²). There were 956 housing units at an average density of 644.3/sq&nbsp;mi (249.4/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 95.16% [[White (U.S. Census)|White]], 0.51% [[African American (U.S. Census)|African American]], 1.03% [[Native American (U.S. Census)|Native American]], 0.57% [[Asian (U.S. Census)|Asian]], 0.85% from [[Race (United States Census)|other races]], and 1.88% from two or more races. [[Hispanic (U.S. Census)|Hispanic]] or [[Latino (U.S. Census)|Latino]] of any race were 3.36% of the population.


* [[Geography of Canada]]
There were 792 households out of which 27.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.1% were [[Marriage|married couples]] living together, 10.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 43.4% were non-families. 35.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 16.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.22 and the average family size was 2.87.
* [[Ice sheet]]

In the city the population was spread out with 23.2% under the age of 18, 7.6% from 18 to 24, 26.7% from 25 to 44, 24.6% from 45 to 64, and 17.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92.3 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $28,144, and the median income for a family was $39,000. Males had a median income of $32,750 versus $26,645 for females. The [[per capita income]] for the city was $16,620. About 17.4% of families and 20.8% of the population were below the [[poverty line]], including 22.3% of those under age 18 and 18.5% of those age 65 or over.

==Cle Elum-Roslyn School District==
*'''High Schools'''
Cle Elum - Roslyn High School ~Home of the Warriors.
*'''Middle Schools'''
Walter Strom Middle School ~Home of the Wildcats
*'''Secondary Schools'''
Swiftwater Learning Center~ (Alternative School)
*'''Elementary School'''
Cle Elum - Roslyn Elementary School ~ Home of the Grey Wolves

All schools and administrative buildings (except Swiftwater Learning Center) are located on [[SR 903 (WA)|SR 903]] in the Cle Elum UGA.

==Cle Elum Medical Center==
Cle Elum Medical Center (formerly Cle Elum Family Medicine Center) underwent an almost $1,000,000 renovation and expansion in June 2007.

==Points of Interest in Cle Elum==

* Cle Elum Telephone Museum - This museum was established in 1966 when Pacific Northwest Bell Telephone Company deeded its former office building to the Cle Elum Historical Society. At that time Cle Elum became the last in the telephone company's service area to be changed over from manual phone service to automatic dialing.
*[[Suncadia]] resort- is a five star, four season resort located on the west border or the city.
* Carpenter House Museum - A step over the threshold of the Carpenter House is a step into the past. This marvelous 1914 mansion, with its spacious rooms, tiny alcoves and third-floor ballroom, holds the story of Cle Elum's first successful banker and his family. High Country Artists shares this historic house, and its art displays provide visitors an added experience.
* The Mines - Visit City hall (located on the corner of Oakes Avenue and First Street) for information on mine tours.
* The Coal Mines Trail- Following an abandoned mining railway easement, this spectacular trail passes several historic mining sites as it makes its way along Crystal Creek and up to Roslyn, WA. This generous walking path (former railway bed) has a gentle grade that is suitable for almost all hikers, walkers and bikers.

==Government==
Cle Elum is presided over by a strong mayor and a six-member city council. As of 2007 the following were in Office:
* Honorable Mayor Charles J. Glondo
* Council Persons
** Jim Eidemiller
** Bonnie Reay
** Warren Perry
** Ken Ratliff
** Arthur Scott
** Mickey Holz
** Ron Spears
* City Administrator, Gregg Hall
* Community Development Director, Matthew Morton
* Public Works Director, Jim Leonhard
City council meetings have been traditionally held on the 2nd and 4th Tuesdays of the month at 7:00 p.m. in City Hall Council Chambers.

==References==
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External links==
*[http://cityofcleelum.com City of Cle Elum website]
*[http://www.cleelumroslyn.org/ Cle Elum-Roslyn Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.cleelum.wednet.edu/ Cle Elum Roslyn School District]
*[https://www.futurepast.com/cgi-bin/Web_store/web_store.cgi/ Futurepast, publisher of Coal Towns in the Cascades, A Centennial History of Roslyn and Cle Elum, Washington, 2nd Edition, by John C. Shideler]
*[http://digital.lib.cwu.edu/cgi-bin/library?site=localhost&a=p&p=about&c=ellensb1&l=en&w=utf-8 CWU and Ellensburg Public Library's historic local photographs collection] A collection of 294 historic photographs dating from the late 1800s to the early 1900s. The collection consists of photographic images of buildings, street scenes and town views of Ellensburg and the other communities in Kittitas County
{{Mapit-US-cityscale|47.194293|-120.937537}}

{{Kittitas County, Washington}}
{{Washington}}


* [http://web.unbc.ca/~menounos/GEOG411/Fraser.pdf Fraser Glaciation]
[[Category:Cities in Washington (U.S. state)]]
* [http://www.pc.gc.ca/pn-np/bc/gwaiihaanas/natcul/index_e.asp Gwaii Haanas National Park Reserve and Haida Heritage Site]
[[Category:Kittitas County, Washington]]
* [http://web.uvic.ca/~reimlab/nebria.pdf Clarke, T.E., D.B. Levin, D.H. Kavanaugh and T.E. Reimchen. 2001. Rapid Evolution in the ''Nebria Gregaria'' Group (''Coleoptera'': ''Carabidae'') and the Paleogeography of the Queen Charlotte Islands. Evolution 51:1408&#8211;1418]
* Brown, A. S., and H. Nasmith. 1962. ''The glaciation of the Queen Charlotte Islands''. '''Canadian Field-Naturalist''' 76:209&#8211;219.
* Byun, S. A., B. F. Koop, and T. E. Reimchen. 1997. ''North American black bear mtDNA phylogeography: implications for morphology and the Haida Gwaii glacial refugium controversy''. '''Evolution''' 51:1647&#8211;1653.


[[Category:Historical geography]]
[[ar:كلي إلوم، واشنطن]]
[[ht:Cle Elum, Washington]]
[[nl:Cle Elum]]
[[pt:Cle Elum]]
[[sv:Cle Elum]]
[[vo:Cle Elum]]

Version vom 26. Oktober 2005, 14:06 Uhr

The Cordilleran ice sheet was a major ice sheet that covered, during glacial periods of the Quaternary, a large area of North America. This area included:

The ice sheet covered up to two and a half million square kilometres at the Last Glacial Maximum and probably more than that in some previous periods such as the Kansan Glaciation, when it may have extended into the northeast extremity of Oregon and the Salmon River Mountains in Idaho. It is probable, though, that its northern margin was further south due to the influence of starvation caused by very low levels of precipitation.

At its eastern end the Cordilleran ice sheet merged with the Laurentide ice sheet at the Continental Divide, forming an area of ice that contained one and a half times as much water as the Antarctic ice sheet does today. At its western end it is believed nowadays that several small glacial refugia existed during the last glacial maximum below present sea level in now-submerged Hecate Strait and on the Brooks Peninsula in northern Vancouver Island. However, evidence of ice-free refugia above present sea level north of the Olympic Peninsula has been refuted by genetic and geological studies since the middle 1990s. The ice sheet faded north of the Alaska Range because the climate was too dry to form glaciers.

Unlike the Laurentide ice sheet, which is believed to have taken as much as eleven thousand years to fully melt, it is believed the Cordilleran ice sheet, except for areas that remain glaciated today, melted very quickly, probably in four thousand years or less. This rapid melting caused such floods as the overflow of Lake Missoula and shaped the topography of the extremely fertile Inland Empire of Eastern Washington.

Sea levels during glaciation

Because of the weight of the ice, the mainland of northwest North America was so depressed that sea levels at the Last Glacial Maximum were over a hundred metres higher than they are today (measured by the level of bedrock).

However, on the western edge at the Queen Charlotte Islands (which, contrary to "popular" myths of ice-free refugia, were entirely glaciated during the LGM) the lower thickness of the ice sheet meant that sea levels were as much as 170 metres lower than they are today, forming a large lake in the deepest parts of the strait. This was because the thickness of the centre of the ice sheet actually served to push upwards areas at the edge of the continental shelf which, even though glaciated, were displaced and lifted by the pressing of the crust further inland. The effect of this during deglaciation was that sea levels on the edge of the ice sheet, which naturally deglaciated first, initially rose due to an increase in the volume of water, but later fell due to rebound after deglaciation.

These effects are important because they have been used to explain how migrants to North America from Beringia were able to travel southward during the deglaciation process due purely to the exposure of submerged land between the mainland and numerous continental islands. They are also important for understanding the direction evolution has taken since the ice retreated.

Even today, the region is notable for its rapid changes in sea level, which, however, have little effect on most of the coast due to the numerous fjords.

See also

Abgerufen von „https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cle_Elum_(Washington)&oldid=178140177“