Buka umthombo wala Software design pattern


Ebunjiniyela be-software, ubunjiniyela, iphethini yokwakheka kwesoftware iyisisombululo esijwayelekile, esisebenzisekayo senkinga evame ukwenzeka ngaphakathi komongo inikezwe ekwakhiweni kwesoftware. Akuyona iphethini eqediwe engaguqulwa ngqo ibe ngumthombo noma ikhodi yomshini . Esikhundleni salokho, yincazelo noma isifanekiso sendlela yokuxazulula inkinga engasetshenziswa ezimeni eziningi ezihlukile. Amaphethini wokuqamba enza izinto ezihlelekile okuhlelekile ongazisebenzisa umxazululi ukuxazulula izinkinga ezivamile lapho kuklanywa isakhiwo noma uhlelo. 

Amaphethini wokuklanywa okwenzelwe izinto ngokuvamile akhombisa ubudlelwane nokuxhumana phakathi kwamakilasi noma izinto, ngaphandle kokucacisa amakilasi wokugcina wesicelo noma izinto ezibandakanyekile. Amaphethini asho ukuthi isimo esingaguquki angahle afakelwe izilimi ezisebenzayo, amanye amaphethini angahunyushwa ngokungadingekile ngezilimi ezakhekile ukusekela ukuxazulula inkinga abazama ukuyixazulula, futhi amaphethini aqondiswe entweni awafaneleki ezintweni ezingahambisani nezilwimi zezinto ezenzelwene (Object-oriented) 

Amaphethini wokuqamba angabukwa njengendlela ehlelekile yohlelo lokusebenza lwekhompyutha phakathi kwamazinga we- paradigm yohlelo kanye ne- algorithm yekhonkrithi. 

== Umlando ==
Amaphethini aqala njengomqondo wokwakha ngu -Christopher Alexander ekuqaleni konyaka we-1966 (cf "Isibonelo Semikhonto," JOURNAL OF AIP, Septhemba, 1966, Vol. 32, No. 3, iphe. 273-278). Ngo-1987, uKent Beck noWard Cunningham baqala ukuzama ngomqondo wokusebenzisa amaphethini ezinhlelweni - ngokukhethekile amaphethini ezilimi - futhi bethula imiphumela yabo engqungqutheleni ye- OOPSLA ngalowo nyaka.   Eminyakeni elandelayo, u-Beck, uCunningham nabanye balandela lo msebenzi. 

Amaphethini okuklama athola ukuthandwa kusayensi yamakhompiyutha ngemuva kokuba incwadi <nowiki><i id="mwJQ">Design Designs: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software</i></nowiki> yashicilelwa ngonyaka we-1994 ngababizwa nge- "Gang of Four" (Gamma et al.), Esivame ukufushaniswa ngokuthi "GoF". Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqhutshwa inkomfa yokuqala yezilimi ezihleliwe, futhi ngonyaka olandelayo kwasungulwa iPortland Pattern Repository ukuze kube yimibhalo yamaphethini wokuqamba. Isilinganiso sethemu sihlala siyindaba yokuphikisana. Izincwadi eziphawuleka kunhlobo lwephethini yoyilo zifaka: 

* {{Cite book|first=Erich|last=Gamma|authorlink=Erich Gamma|authorlink2=Richard Helm|first2=Richard|last2=Helm|authorlink3=Ralph Johnson (computer scientist)|first3=Ralph|last3=Johnson|authorlink4=John Vlissides|first4=John|last4=Vlissides|year=1995|title=Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|isbn=978-0-201-63361-0}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Erich|last=Gamma|authorlink=Erich Gamma|authorlink2=Richard Helm|first2=Richard|last2=Helm|authorlink3=Ralph Johnson (computer scientist)|first3=Ralph|last3=Johnson|authorlink4=John Vlissides|first4=John|last4=Vlissides|year=1995|title=Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|isbn=978-0-201-63361-0}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Erich|last=Gamma|authorlink=Erich Gamma|authorlink2=Richard Helm|first2=Richard|last2=Helm|authorlink3=Ralph Johnson (computer scientist)|first3=Ralph|last3=Johnson|authorlink4=John Vlissides|first4=John|last4=Vlissides|year=1995|title=Design Patterns: Elements of Reusable Object-Oriented Software|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|isbn=978-0-201-63361-0}} 
* {{Cite book|first=Per|last=Brinch Hansen|authorlink=Per Brinch Hansen|title=Studies in Computational Science: Parallel Programming Paradigms|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-439324-7}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Per|last=Brinch Hansen|authorlink=Per Brinch Hansen|title=Studies in Computational Science: Parallel Programming Paradigms|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-439324-7}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Per|last=Brinch Hansen|authorlink=Per Brinch Hansen|title=Studies in Computational Science: Parallel Programming Paradigms|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0-13-439324-7}} 
* {{Cite book|first=Frank|last=Buschmann|authorlink=Frank Buschmann|first2=Regine|last2=Meunier|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Peter|last4=Sommerlad|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-95869-7}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Frank|last=Buschmann|authorlink=Frank Buschmann|first2=Regine|last2=Meunier|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Peter|last4=Sommerlad|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-95869-7}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Frank|last=Buschmann|authorlink=Frank Buschmann|first2=Regine|last2=Meunier|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Peter|last4=Sommerlad|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 1: A System of Patterns|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-95869-7}} 
* {{Cite book|first=Kent|last=Beck|authorlink=Kent Beck|year=1997|title=Smalltalk Best Practice Patterns|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0134769042}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Kent|last=Beck|authorlink=Kent Beck|year=1997|title=Smalltalk Best Practice Patterns|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0134769042}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Kent|last=Beck|authorlink=Kent Beck|year=1997|title=Smalltalk Best Practice Patterns|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=978-0134769042}} 
* {{Cite book|first=Douglas C.|last=Schmidt|authorlink=Douglas C. Schmidt|first2=Michael|last2=Stal|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Frank|last4=Buschmann|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 2: Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-60695-6}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Douglas C.|last=Schmidt|authorlink=Douglas C. Schmidt|first2=Michael|last2=Stal|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Frank|last4=Buschmann|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 2: Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-60695-6}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Douglas C.|last=Schmidt|authorlink=Douglas C. Schmidt|first2=Michael|last2=Stal|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Frank|last4=Buschmann|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 2: Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-60695-6}} 
* {{Cite book|title=Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture|first=Martin|last=Fowler|authorlink=Martin Fowler (software engineer)|year=2002|isbn=978-0-321-12742-6|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]}} <bdi> {{Cite book|title=Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture|first=Martin|last=Fowler|authorlink=Martin Fowler (software engineer)|year=2002|isbn=978-0-321-12742-6|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]}} </bdi> {{Cite book|title=Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture|first=Martin|last=Fowler|authorlink=Martin Fowler (software engineer)|year=2002|isbn=978-0-321-12742-6|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]}} 
* {{Cite book|first=Gregor|last=Hohpe|first2=Bobby|last2=Woolf|title=Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|isbn=978-0-321-20068-6}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Gregor|last=Hohpe|first2=Bobby|last2=Woolf|title=Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|isbn=978-0-321-20068-6}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Gregor|last=Hohpe|first2=Bobby|last2=Woolf|title=Enterprise Integration Patterns: Designing, Building, and Deploying Messaging Solutions|publisher=[[Addison-Wesley]]|isbn=978-0-321-20068-6}} 
* {{Cite book|first=Eric T|last=Freeman|first2=Elisabeth|last2=Robson|first3=Bert|last3=Bates|first4=Kathy|last4=Sierra|authorlink4=Kathy Sierra|title=Head First Design Patterns|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]]|isbn=978-0-596-00712-6}} <bdi> {{Cite book|first=Eric T|last=Freeman|first2=Elisabeth|last2=Robson|first3=Bert|last3=Bates|first4=Kathy|last4=Sierra|authorlink4=Kathy Sierra|title=Head First Design Patterns|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]]|isbn=978-0-596-00712-6}} </bdi> {{Cite book|first=Eric T|last=Freeman|first2=Elisabeth|last2=Robson|first3=Bert|last3=Bates|first4=Kathy|last4=Sierra|authorlink4=Kathy Sierra|title=Head First Design Patterns|publisher=[[O'Reilly Media]]|isbn=978-0-596-00712-6}} 

Yize amakhethini wokuqamba esetshenziswe isikhathi eside, ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni komqondo wamaphethini wokuqamba kwehle iminyaka eminingi. <ref name="Baroni2003">{{Cite journal|title=Design Patterns Formalization|first=Aline Lúcia|last=Baroni|first2=Yann-Gaël|last2=Guéhéneuc|first3=Hervé|last3=Albin-Amiot|publisher=École Nationale Supérieure des Techniques Industrielles et des Mines de Nantes}}</ref> 

== Ukwenza ==
Amaphethini wokuqamba angasheshisa inqubo yokuthuthuka ngokunikeza ubuhlakani bokuvivinya obufakazelwe. <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/vstudio/ff729657|first=Judith|last=Bishop|title=C# 3.0 Design Patterns: Use the Power of C# 3.0 to Solve Real-World Problems|publisher=C# Books from O'Reilly Media|quote=If you want to speed up the development of your .NET applications, you're ready for C# design patterns -- elegant, accepted and proven ways to tackle common programming problems.|accessdate=2012-05-15}}</ref> Idizayini ephumelelayo yesoftware idinga ukucubungula izingqinamba ezingeke zibonakale kuze kamuva ekuqalisweni. Ikhodi esanda kubhalwa phansi ingahlala iba nezinkinga ezicashile ezithathe isikhathi ukuthi zitholwe, izingqinamba kwesinye isikhathi ezingadala izinkinga ezinkulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuphinda usebenzise amaphethini wokuqamba kusiza ukuvikela izindaba ezinjalo ezicashile    , futhi kuthuthukisa ukufundwa kwekhodi kwenzelwa abakhodi nabaklami abajwayele amaphethini. 

Ukuze uzuze ukuguquguquka, amaphethini wokuqamba avame ukwethula amazinga ongezekile we- indirection, kwezinye izimo angaphikisana nemiklamo evelayo futhi alimaze ukusebenza kwesicelo. 

Ngokwencazelo, iphethini kufanele ihlelwe kabusha ohlelweni ngalunye olusebenzisayo. Njengoba abanye ababhali bebona lokhu njengesinyathelo esibuyela emuva ekusebenzeni kabusha kwesoftware njengoba kunikezwe izakhi, abacwaningi basebenze ukuguqula amaphethini abe yizakhi. UMeyer no-Arnout bakwazile ukuhlinzeka ngezakhi eziphelele noma ngokwengxenye zezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu zamaphethini abazama ngayo. <ref name="Meyer2006">{{Cite journal|first=Bertrand|last=Meyer|authorlink=Bertrand Meyer|first2=Karine|last2=Arnout|title=Componentization: The Visitor Example}}</ref> 

Amasu wokuqamba amasoftware kunzima ukuwasebenzisa ebangeni lezinkinga ezibanzi.     Amaphethini wokuqamba anikezela ngezixazululo ezijwayelekile, ezibhalwe ngefomethi engadingi imininingwane eboshelwe enkingeni ethile.

== Isakhiwo ==
Amaphethini wokuqamba akhiwa izigaba eziningana (bona §  Imibhalo engezansi). Okuthakazelisa kakhulu yizigaba zoBumbano, Ababambiqhaza kanye nezigaba Zokusebenzisana. Lezi zingxenye zichaza ''motif design'' : a prototypical ''micro-architecture'' ukuthi onjiniyela bakopisha futhi bazivumelanise nemiklamo yabo ethile ukuxazulula inkinga esetshenziswayo echazwe yiphethini yokuqamba. Isakhiwo esincanyana senhlanganyela seqoqo lezindawo zohlelo (isib, amakilasi, izindlela ...) kanye nobudlelwano bawo. Abathuthukisi basebenzisa iphethini lokuklama ngokwazisa kumiklamo yabo le-prototypical micro-architecture, okusho ukuthi izakhiwo ezincane ezakhiweni zazo zizoba nesakhiwo nenhlangano efana ne-design motif ekhethiwe. 

=== Amaphethini akhethekile wesizinda ===
Kwenziwe futhi imizamo yokuhlanganisa amaphethini wokuqamba ezizindeni ezithile, kufaka phakathi ukusetshenziswa kwamaphethini wokuqamba akhona kanye namaphethini wokuqamba wesizinda esithile. Izibonelo zifaka amaphethini esakhiwo sokusebenziseka komsebenzisi, <ref>{{Cite web|publisher=University of Helsinki, Dept. of Computer Science|last=Laakso|first=Sari A.|title=Collection of User Interface Design Patterns|accessdate=2008-01-31|url=http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/salaakso/patterns/index.html|archive-date=2008-02-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080221012738/http://www.cs.helsinki.fi/u/salaakso/patterns/index.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref> ukubonwa kolwazi, <ref>{{Cite journal|last=Heer|first=J.|title=Software Design Patterns for Information Visualization|url=http://vis.berkeley.edu/papers/infovis_design_patterns/}}</ref> idizayini evikelekile, <ref>{{Cite book|title=Secure Design Patterns|first=Chad|last=Dougherty|url=http://www.cert.org/archive/pdf/09tr010.pdf|publisher=Software Engineering Institute}}
</ref> "ukusebenziseka okuphephile",  ukwakhiwa kwewebhu <ref>{{Cite web|title=Yahoo! Design Pattern Library|accessdate=2008-01-31|url=http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/|archive-date=2008-02-29|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080229011119/http://developer.yahoo.com/ypatterns/|dead-url=yes}}</ref> nokuklama imodeli yebhizinisi. <ref>{{Cite web|title=How to design your Business Model as a Lean Startup?|accessdate=2010-01-06|url=http://torgronsund.wordpress.com/2010/01/06/lean-startup-business-model-pattern/}}</ref> 

Izilimi zonyaka zeKhethini Yezinhlelo Zokuhlela <ref>Pattern Languages of Programming, Conference proceedings (annual, 1994—) </ref> zifaka izibonelo eziningi zamaphethini akhethekile wesizinda. 

== Ukuhlukaniswa nohlu ==
Amaphethini wemiklamo ahlukaniswe ngezigaba ezi-3 ezisuselwa kuhlobo lwenkinga azixazululelayo. Amaphethini wokudala anika amandla okwenza izinto ngokusekelwe indlela edingekayo nangendlela elawulwayo. Amaphethini ezakhiwo akhuluma ngokuhlela amakilasi ahlukene nezinto zokwakha izakhiwo ezinkulu nokunikeza ukusebenza okusha. Ekugcineni, izindlela zokuziphatha zimayelana nokuhlonza amaphethini wokuxhumana ajwayelekile phakathi kwezinto futhi aqaphele lamaphethini. 

=== Amaphethini wokudala ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Igama 
! Incazelo 
! ''Kumaphethini Okuklama'' 
! ''KuKhodi Qeda'' <ref name="McConnell2004"/> 
! Okunye 
|-
| Imboni 
| Nikeza isikhombimsebenzisi sokwakha imindeni yezinto ezihlobene noma ezincike ngaphandle kokucacisa amakilasi wabo wekhonkrithi. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ibhuloho 
| Nqamula okukhishwa ekuqalisweni kwayo kuvumela bobabili ukuba bahluke ngokuzimela. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Inhlanganisela 
| Qamba izinto ezakhiweni zesihlahla ukumela ama-hierarchies amancane. Inhlanganisela yenza amaklayenti aphathe izinto ngazinye nokwakheka kwezinto ngendlela efanayo. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umhlobisi 
| Namathisela izibopho ezengeziwe entweni egcina ukuguquguquka okufanayo. Abahlobisi bahlinzeka ngenye indlela eguqukayo ekunqandeni umsebenzi owengeziwe. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Into yokunwebeka 
| Ukungeza ukusebenza endaweni ephakeme ngaphandle kokushintsha isikhundla. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes|Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices<ref name="Agile Software Development">
{{cite book
 | last = C. Martin
 | first = Robert
 | authorlink = Robert C. Martin
 | title = Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices
 | page = [https://archive.org/details/agilesoftwaredev00robe/page/408 408]
 | chapter = 28. Extension object
 | year = 2002
 | isbn = 978-0135974445
 | publisher = 
 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/agilesoftwaredev00robe/page/408
 }}</ref>}}
|-
| I-facade 
| Nikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esihlanganisiwe kusethi yezindawo zokuhlangana kusistimu engaphansi. I-facade ichaza isixhumi esisezingeni eliphakeme esibonakalayo esenza ukuthi uhlelo lwangaphansi kube lula ukulusebenzisa. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| I-Flyweight 
| Sebenzisa ukwaba ukusekela izinombolo ezinkulu zezinto ezifanayo kahle. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isilawuli sangaphambili 
| Iphethini iphathelene nokuklanywa kwezicelo zeWebhu. Inikeza indawo yokungena ephakathi yokusingatha izicelo. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes|{{abbr|J2EE Patterns|Core J2EE Patterns: Best Practices and Design Strategies (2nd Edition)}}<ref name = "J2EE Patterns">
{{cite book
 | first = Deepak
 | last = Alur
 | first2 = John | last2 = Crupi | first3 = Dan | last3 = Malks
 | year = 2003
 | title = Core J2EE Patterns: Best Practices and Design Strategies
 | page = 166
 | publisher = [[Prentice Hall]]
 | isbn = 978-0-13-142246-9
 | url = http://www.corej2eepatterns.com
}}</ref>
{{abbr|PoEAA|Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture}}<ref name = "PoEAA2">
{{cite book
 | first = Martin
 | last = Fowler
 | authorlink = Martin Fowler (software engineer)
 | year = 2002
 | title = Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture
 | page = 344
 | publisher = [[Addison-Wesley]]
 | isbn = 978-0-321-12742-6
 | url = http://martinfowler.com/books.html#eaa
}}</ref>}}
|-
| Umaka 
| I-interface engenalutho yokuhlobanisa imethadatha nesigaba. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes|[[Joshua Bloch|Effective Java]]<ref name="EffectiveJava">
{{cite book
 | last = Bloch
 | first = Joshua
 | title = Effective Java (Second edition)
 | page = [https://archive.org/details/effectivejava00bloc_0/page/179 179]
 | chapter = Item 37: Use marker interfaces to define types
 | year = 2008
 | isbn = 978-0-321-35668-0
 | publisher = Addison-Wesley
 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/effectivejava00bloc_0/page/179
 }}</ref>}}
|-
| Module 
| Hlela izinto eziningana ezihlobene, ezinjengezigaba, ama-singletons, izindlela ezisetshenziselwa umhlaba wonke, zibe yibhizinisi elilodwa elinomqondo. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ummeli 
| Nikeza i-surrogate noma isibambi sesinye into ukulawula ukufinyeleleka kuyo. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Iwele <ref>{{Cite web|title=Twin – A Design Pattern for Modeling Multiple Inheritance}}</ref> 
| Iwele livumela ukumodelwa kwamafa amaningi ezilimini zokuhlela ezingasisekeli lesi sici. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|}

=== Amaphethini ezakhiwo ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Igama 
! Incazelo 
! ''Kumaphethini Okuklama'' 
! ''KuKhodi Qeda'' <ref name="McConnell2004"/> 
! Okunye 
|-
| Adapter, Wrapper, noma Translator 
| Guqula ukuguqulwa kwesigaba kube kwesinye isilinganiselo sokulindelwa kwamakhasimende. I-adaptha ivumela amakilasi ukuthi asebenze ngokubambisana obekungeke kwenzeke ngenye indlela ngenxa yokuhlangana okungahambelani. Iphethini yokuhlanganiswa kwebhizinisi elilinganayo ngumhumushi. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ibhuloho 
| Nqamula okukhishwa ekuqalisweni kwayo kuvumela bobabili ukuba bahluke ngokuzimela. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Inhlanganisela 
| Qamba izinto ezakhiweni zesihlahla ukumela ama-hierarchies amancane. Inhlanganisela yenza amaklayenti aphathe izinto ngazinye nokwakheka kwezinto ngendlela efanayo. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umhlobisi 
| Namathisela izibopho ezengeziwe entweni egcina ukuguquguquka okufanayo. Abahlobisi bahlinzeka ngenye indlela eguqukayo ekunqandeni umsebenzi owengeziwe. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Into yokunwebeka 
| Ukungeza ukusebenza endaweni ephakeme ngaphandle kokushintsha isikhundla. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes|Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices<ref name="Agile Software Development">
{{cite book
 | last = C. Martin
 | first = Robert
 | authorlink = Robert C. Martin
 | title = Agile Software Development, Principles, Patterns, and Practices
 | page = [https://archive.org/details/agilesoftwaredev00robe/page/408 408]
 | chapter = 28. Extension object
 | year = 2002
 | isbn = 978-0135974445
 | publisher = 
 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/agilesoftwaredev00robe/page/408
 }}</ref>}}
|-
| I-facade 
| Nikeza isikhombimsebenzisi esihlanganisiwe kusethi yezindawo zokuhlangana kusistimu engaphansi. I-facade ichaza isixhumi esisezingeni eliphakeme esibonakalayo esenza ukuthi uhlelo lwangaphansi kube lula ukulusebenzisa. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| I-Flyweight 
| Sebenzisa ukwaba ukusekela izinombolo ezinkulu zezinto ezifanayo kahle. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isilawuli sangaphambili 
| Iphethini iphathelene nokuklanywa kwezicelo zeWebhu. Inikeza indawo yokungena ephakathi yokusingatha izicelo. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes|{{abbr|J2EE Patterns|Core J2EE Patterns: Best Practices and Design Strategies (2nd Edition)}}<ref name = "J2EE Patterns">
{{cite book
 | first = Deepak
 | last = Alur
 | first2 = John | last2 = Crupi | first3 = Dan | last3 = Malks
 | year = 2003
 | title = Core J2EE Patterns: Best Practices and Design Strategies
 | page = 166
 | publisher = [[Prentice Hall]]
 | isbn = 978-0-13-142246-9
 | url = http://www.corej2eepatterns.com
}}</ref>
{{abbr|PoEAA|Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture}}<ref name = "PoEAA2">
{{cite book
 | first = Martin
 | last = Fowler
 | authorlink = Martin Fowler (software engineer)
 | year = 2002
 | title = Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture
 | page = 344
 | publisher = [[Addison-Wesley]]
 | isbn = 978-0-321-12742-6
 | url = http://martinfowler.com/books.html#eaa
}}</ref>}}
|-
| Umaka 
| I-interface engenalutho yokuhlobanisa imethadatha nesigaba. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{yes|[[Joshua Bloch|Effective Java]]<ref name="EffectiveJava">
{{cite book
 | last = Bloch
 | first = Joshua
 | title = Effective Java (Second edition)
 | page = [https://archive.org/details/effectivejava00bloc_0/page/179 179]
 | chapter = Item 37: Use marker interfaces to define types
 | year = 2008
 | isbn = 978-0-321-35668-0
 | publisher = Addison-Wesley
 | chapter-url = https://archive.org/details/effectivejava00bloc_0/page/179
 }}</ref>}}
|-
| Module 
| Hlela izinto eziningana ezihlobene, ezinjengezigaba, ama-singletons, izindlela ezisetshenziselwa umhlaba wonke, zibe yibhizinisi elilodwa elinomqondo. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ummeli 
| Nikeza i-surrogate noma isibambi sesinye into ukulawula ukufinyeleleka kuyo. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Iwele <ref>{{Cite web|title=Twin – A Design Pattern for Modeling Multiple Inheritance}}</ref> 
| Iwele livumela ukumodelwa kwamafa amaningi ezilimini zokuhlela ezingasisekeli lesi sici. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|}

=== Amaphethini wokuziphatha ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Igama 
! Incazelo 
! ''Kumaphethini Okuklama'' 
! ''KuKhodi Qeda'' <ref name="McConnell2004">{{Cite book|title=Code Complete|first=Steve|last=McConnell|authorlink=Steve McConnell|date=June 2004|publisher=[[Microsoft Press]]|isbn=978-0-7356-1967-8|chapter=Design in Construction|quote=Table 5.1 Popular Design Patterns|edition=2nd|page=[https://archive.org/details/codecomplete0000mcco/page/104 104]}}</ref> 
! Okunye 
|-
| Ibhodi emnyama 
| Iphethini yezobunhloli eyakhiwe yokuhlanganisa imithombo ehlukanisiwe yedatha (bona uhlelo lwebhodi elimnyama ) | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Uhlobo lomthwalo wemfanelo 
| Vikela ukuhlanganisa umthumeli wesicelo kulowo owamukelayo ngokunikeza into engaphezu kweyodwa ithuba lokusingatha isicelo. Khetha izinto ezamukelwayo bese udlulisa isicelo kulolo cingo kuze kube yilapho into isingatha. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umyalo 
| Fakela isicelo njengento, ngaleyo ndlela sivumele ukwenqanyulwa kwamakhasimende ngezicelo ezahlukahlukene, kanye nokukhulisa noma ukungena ngemvume kwezicelo. Iphinde ivumele ukusekelwa kwemisebenzi engalawuleki. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umhumushi 
| Ngokunikezwa ulimi, chaza isethulo sohlelo lolimi kanye nomhumushi osebenzisa isethulo ukutolika imisho ngolimi. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| I-Iterator 
| Nikeza indlela yokufinyelela izakhi zento ehlanganayo ngokulandelana ngaphandle kokudalula isethulo sayo esingaphansi. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umlamuli 
| Chaza into ehlanganisa ukuthi iqoqo lezinto lihlangana kanjani. Umlamuli ukhuthaza ukuhlangana okuxegayo ngokugcina izinto zingabhekiseli komunye nomunye, futhi kuvumela ukusebenzisana kwabo kuhluke ngokuzimela. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| UMemento 
| Ngaphandle kokwephula umthetho wokubhalwa phansi, thatha futhi ukhiphe isimo sangaphakathi sento sivumela into ukuthi ibuyiselwe kuleli lizwe ngemuva kwesikhathi. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Into engekho 
| Gwema izinkomba ezingekho ngokunikeza into ezenzakalelayo. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umbukeli noma Shicilela / bhalisa 
| Chaza ukuthembela kokukodwa kuya kwabaningi phakathi kwezinto lapho ukuguqulwa kwesimo kwento eyodwa kuholela kubo bonke abondlayo ukuthi baziswe futhi bavuselelwe ngokuzenzakalelayo. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Inceku 
| Chaza ukusebenza okujwayelekile kweqembu lamakilasi. Iphethini lezinceku livame ukubizwa ngokuthi ikilasi losizi noma ukusetjenziswa kweklasi lokusetjenziswa kwesethi enikezwe amakilasi. Amakilasi asizayo ngokuvamile awanazinto yingakho enazo zonke izindlela eziwusizo ezisebenza ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene zezinto zasekilasini. | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ukucaciswa 
| Ukuphinda ungene engqondweni kwebhizinisi ngendlela yeBoolean . | {{no}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isimo 
| Vumela into ukuthi iguqule ukusebenza kwayo lapho isimo sayo sangaphakathi sishintsha. Into izoveza iguqula isigaba sayo. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isu 
| Chaza umndeni wama-algorithms, weqa ngamunye, uwenze uguqulwe. Isu livumela i-algorithm ihluke ngokuzimela kumakhasimende ayisebenzisayo. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Indlela yesifanekiso 
| Chaza umthambo we-algorithm ekusebenzeni, unqume izinyathelo ezithile ukwehla. Indlela yesifanekiso isivumela ukuthi sisebenzise kabusha izinyathelo ezithile ze-algorithm ngaphandle kokushintsha ukwakheka kwe-algorithm. | {{yes}}| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isivakashi 
| Melela umsebenzi ozokwenziwa ezintweni zesakhiwo sento. Isivakashi sivumela umsebenzi omusha uchazwe ngaphandle kokushintsha izigaba zezinto ezisebenza kuzo. | {{yes}}| {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
! Igama 
! Incazelo 
! Ku- ''POSA2'' <ref name="POSA2">{{Cite book||first=Douglas C.|last=Schmidt|first2=Michael|last2=Stal|first3=Hans|last3=Rohnert|first4=Frank|last4=Buschmann|title=Pattern-Oriented Software Architecture, Volume 2: Patterns for Concurrent and Networked Objects|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-0-471-60695-6}}</ref> 
! Okunye 
|-
| Into esebenzayo 
| Ama-decouples enzelwa ukwenziwa kwendlela yokucela ukuhlala kumucu wawo wolawulo. Umgomo ukwethula concurrency, ngokusebenzisa indlela asynchronous ukucela kanye scheduler ekusingatheni izicelo. | {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ukungabaza 
| Yenza kuphela isenzo entweni lapho into isesimweni esithile. | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Izici zokubopha 
| Ukuhlanganisa ababukeli abaningi ukuphoqa izakhiwo ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ukuvumelanisa noma ukuhlanganiswa ngandlela thile. <ref>[[c2:BindingProperties|Binding Properties]]</ref> | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ikhompiyutha ekhompyutheni 
| Ukubala okufanayo izikhathi eziningi ngokufana, kuyehluka ngamanani wamanani asetshenziswa nge-non-branching pointer math ku-arrows eyabiwe, njenge- GPU -optimised Matrix noma i- Convolutional neural network . | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Kuhlolwe kukabili 
| Yehlisa isendlalelo sokuthola ukhiye ngokuhlola kuqala inqubomgomo yokukhiya ('icebo lokukhiya') ngendlela engaphephile; kuphela uma lokho kuphumelela ukwenza inqubo yangempela yokukhiya. 
Kungavikeleka uma kusetshenziswa ezinye izinhlanganisela zolimi / zehadiwe. Ngakho-ke kwesinye isikhathi kungabhekwa njengephethini le- anti . 
| {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Umcimbi osuselwa kumcimbi 
| Ibhekana nezinkinga ngephethini ye-asynchronous eyenzeka ezinhlelweni eziningi. <ref name="PC#2008">{{Cite book|title=Professional C# 2008|first=Christian|last=Nagel|first2=Bill|last2=Evjen|first3=Jay|last3=Glynn|first4=Karli|last4=Watson|publisher=Wiley|year=2008|isbn=978-0-470-19137-8}}</ref> | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ukumiswa okuqashiwe 
| Ilawula imisebenzi edinga ukukhiya kutholwe zombili kanye nombandela ongaphansi ngaphambi kokuhlinzwa. | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Joyina 
| Joyina iphethini inikeza indlela yokubhala izinhlelo ezifanayo, ezifanayo futhi zisatshalaliswe ngokudlula komyalezo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokusetshenziswa kwentambo nokhiye, lokhu kuyimodeli yezinhlelo ezisezingeni eliphakeme. | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Khiya 
| Umucu owodwa ubeka "ukhiye" kusisetshenziswa, uvikele eminye imicu ukuthi ingayifinyelela noma ukuyiguqula. <ref>[[c2:LockPattern|Lock Pattern]]</ref> | {{no}}| {{yes|PoEAA<ref name = "PoEAA"/>}}
|-
| Imodeli yokwakheka kwemilayezo 
| Ivumela ukushintshana kolwazi (okusho imiyalezo) phakathi kwezakhi zokusebenza. | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Qapha into 
| Into enezindlela zakhe ezingaphansi kokukhipha eceleni, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele izinto eziningi ekuzameni ngephutha ukuzisebenzisa ngasikhathi sinye. | {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| I-Reactor 
| Into yokusabela ihlinzeka ngokubonisana okuhle kwezisetshenziswa okufanele zisingathwe ngendlela efanayo. | {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ilokhi yokubhala 
| Ivumela ukufinyelela kokufunda okufanayo kwento, kepha kudinga ukufinyelela okukhethekile kokusebenza kokubhala. | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isheduli 
| Lawula ngokuphelele lapho imicu ingaveza ikhodi enemicu eyodwa. | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Ichibi lamanzi 
| Imicu eminingana yenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ethile, evame ukuhlelwa kulayini. Imvamisa, kunemisebenzi eminingi eminingi kunentambo. Kungabhekwa njengecala elikhethekile lephethini lechibi lezinto . | {{no}}| {{N/a}}
|-
| Isitoreji esinqunyelwe i-Thread 
| Imemori eqinile noma "yomhlaba" yendawo ngentambo. | {{yes}}| {{N/a}}
|}

== Imibhalo ==
Imibhalo yephethini lokuklama ichaza umongo lapho iphethini isetshenziswa khona, amandla ngaphakathi komongo iphethini elifuna ukuwaxazulula, kanye nekhambi eliphakanyisiwe. <ref name="GabrielHillside">{{Cite web|first=Dick|last=Gabriel|authorlink=Richard P. Gabriel|title=A Pattern Definition|url=http://hillside.net/patterns/definition.html|accessdate=2007-03-06|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070209224120/http://hillside.net/patterns/definition.html <!-- Bot retrieved archive -->|archivedate=2007-02-09}}</ref> Akukho fomethi eyodwa, ejwayelekile yamaphethini wokuklama. Esikhundleni salokho, izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene zisetshenziswe ngababhali bephethini abahlukile. Kodwa-ke, ngokusho kukaMartin Fowler, izinhlobo ezithile zamaphethini ziye zaziwa kakhulu kunabanye, futhi ngenxa yalokho zaba ngamaphuzu okuqala ajwayelekile emizamo emisha yokubhala iphethini. <ref name="Fowler2006">{{Cite web|first=Martin|last=Fowler|authorlink=Martin Fowler (software engineer)|title=Writing Software Patterns|url=http://www.martinfowler.com/articles/writingPatterns.html|accessdate=2007-03-06}}</ref> Isibonelo esisodwa sefomethi yemibhalo evame ukusetshenziswa yileso esisetshenziswa u- Erich Gamma, uRichard Helm, uRalph Johnson, noJohn Vlissides encwadini yabo ''Designamps'' . Inezingxenye ezilandelayo: 

* '''Igama Lephethini Nokwehlukanisa:''' Igama elichazayo nelingafani elisiza ekuboneni nasekubhekiseleni kuphethini. 
* '''Inhloso:''' Ukuchazwa kwenhloso ngemuva kwephethini nesizathu sokuyisebenzisa. 
* '''Yaziwa Futhi ngokuthi:''' Amanye amagama wephethini. 
* '''Ukugqugquzela (Amandla):''' Isimo esinezinkinga kanye nomongo lapho leli phethini lingasetshenziswa khona. 
* '''Ukusebenza:''' Izimo lapho le ndlela isetshenziswa khona; umongo wephethini. 
* '''Ukwakheka:''' Ukuboniswa okucacisayo kwephethini. Imidwebo yekilasi kanye nemidwebo yekusebenza ingasebenziselwa  lenjongo. 
* '''Ababambiqhaza:''' Uhlu lwamakilasi nezinto ezisetshenziswe kuphethini nezindima zawo ekwakhiweni. 
* '''Ukusebenzisana:''' Incazelo yokuthi amakilasi nezinto ezisetshenziswe kuphethini zisebenzisana kanjani. 
* '''Imiphumela:''' Incazelo yemiphumela, imiphumela emibi, nokuhweba okukhohlakele okubangelwa kusetshenziswa iphethini. 
* '''Ukuqaliswa:''' Ukuchazwa kokusetshenziswa kwephethini; ingxenye yesisombululo sephathini. 
* '''Ikhodi Eyisibonelo:''' Umzekeliso wendlela iphethini elingasetshenziswa ngayo olimini lwezinhlelo. 
* '''Ukusetshenziswa okwaziwayo:''' Izibonelo zokusetshenziswa kwangempela kwephethini. 
* '''Amaphethini ahlobene:''' Amanye amaphethini anobuhlobo obuthile nephethini; ukuxoxa ngomehluko phakathi kwephethini namaphethini afanayo. 

== Ukugxekwa ==
Kuqashelwe ukuthi amaphethini wokuqamba angaba nje uphawu lokuthi ezinye izici zishoda ngolimi olunikeziwe lwezinhlelo ( iJava noma i- C ++ ngokwesibonelo). UPeter Norvig ukhombisa ukuthi amaphethini ayi-16 kwayi -23 asencwadini ye- ''Design Patterns'' (ebhekiswe kakhulu ku-C ++) ayenziwa lula noma aqedwe (ngosizo oluqondile lolimi) eLisp noma iDylan .  Ukubukwa okuhlobene nakho kwenziwa nguHannemann noKiczales abasebenzise amaphethini amaningi wokuqamba angama-23 besebenzisa ulimi olususelwa kuzinhlelo (AspectJ) futhi bakhombisa ukuthi ukuncika kwezinga lekhodi kususwe ekusetshenzisweni kwamaphethini wokuqamba we-17 kwayi-23 nokuthi isisekelo-esigxile izinhlelo zingenza lula ukwenziwa kwamaphethini wokuqamba. {{Citation needed|date=October 2019}}   Bheka futhi nendatshana kaPaul Graham ethi "Revenge of the Nerds".  

Ukusetshenziswa okungafanele kwamaphethini kungandisa ukuxaka okungadingekile. <ref name="CodeComplete2">{{Cite book|last=McConnell|first=Steve|title=Code Complete: A Practical Handbook of Software Construction, 2nd Edition|page=[https://archive.org/details/codecomplete0000mcco/page/105 105]}}
</ref> {{Reflist}}