Khoàⁿ "Mu'tazilah"--ê goân-sí lōe-iông

{{Islam}}

'''Mu'tazilah''' ({{lang-ar|المعتزلة}}; {{lang-en|Mu'tazila}}) sī it-ê I-su-lân thoân-thé, chhut-hiān chāi chá-kî ê I-su-lân le̍k-sú siōng, í chāi tē-3 khalifah Uthman kòe-sin āu chāi Ali ú tha ê tùi-chhiú chi-kan ê cheng-toan tsiong pó-chhî tiong-li̍p jî bûn-bêng. Tò kong-goân 10-sè-kí, kai su̍t-gí iā khai-sí chí-tē chāi Basra hām Baghdad (8-sè-kí chì 10-sè-kí) phông-pu̍t hoat-tián ê I-su-lân si-piân sîn-ha̍k ha̍k-phài. <ref name=britannica>"[https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mutazilah Mutazilah] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180621175819/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Mutazilah |date=2018-06-21 }}", ''[[Encyclopaedia Britannica]]''.</ref><ref name=robinson>{{cite web |url= http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H052 |title= Ash'ariyya and Mu'tazila |website= muslimphilosophy.com |author= NEAL ROBINSON |date= 1998 |access-date= 2012-11-05 |archive-date= 2011-11-20 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20111120081733/http://www.muslimphilosophy.com/ip/rep/H052}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Different views on human freedom – Mu'tazilites and Asharites – Authority in Islam – GCSE Religious Studies Revision – OCR|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zkdkw6f/revision/3|access-date=2021-06-19|website=BBC Bitesize|language=en-GB|archive-date=2021-06-21|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210621143801/https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zkdkw6f/revision/3}}</ref>

Chhit-ê I-su-lân thoân-thé sī Wasil ibn Ata chhòng-li̍p ê, chāi tha chū-kí jīn-ûi āu, tha ê lāu-su Hasan al-Basri suat "Wasil chiong chū-kí ú ngó͘--bûn keh-lī-khui-lâi " ({{lang-ar|اعتزل واصل عنا}}). <ref> https://youtube/Ph0qVEdieW0 </ref> <ref> https://muftiwp.gov.my/en/artikel/tashih-al-mafahim/3092-tashih-al-mafahim-11-bahaya-mu-tazilah </ref>

Mu'tazilah goân-chek jû-hā: <ref>https://online.anyflip.com/kpynp/ebsx/mobile/ </ref>   <ref>https://youtube/6_pMO8PqXiU{{Dead link|date=October 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}</ref>  

* At-Tauhid (jīn-chú-ha̍k): Kū-choa̍t Allah pún-chit ê Maa'ni (Qudrat, iradat, ilmun, hayyun, sama', basar, kalam).
* Al-Adlu (chèng-gī): Siong-sìn jîn tùi chū-kí ê hêng-ûi oân-choân hū-chek, bô-lūn hó-bái, put siū Allah ê koat-tēng.
* Al-Wa'du al-Wa'id (sêng-lo̍k ú háng-hek): Siong-sìn Allah pit-su siúⁿ-sìr sūn-chiông chiá, háng-hek put-tō-tek-chía.
* Al-Manzilah Bainal Manzilatain (nn̄g-tē chi-kan ê só͘-chāi): Siong-sìn it-ê tāi-chǒe jîn chhù-û sìn-tō hām put-sìn-tō ê ūi-tì, pēng lâu chāi tē-ga̍k (chòe khin ê têng-hoa̍t).
* Al-Amru Bil Makruf Walnahyu Anil Munkar (khoàn-siān-têng-oh): Siong-sìn chāi jīm-hô chêng-hóng hā to̍ pit-su khoàn-siān-têng-oh.

==Tsù-kái==
{{reflist|2}}

==Tsham-khó tsu-liāu==
{{refbegin|2}}
* {{cite book|author='Abd al-Jabbar|editor='Abd al-Karim 'Uthman |year=1965|title=Sharh al-Usul al-Khamsa|publisher=Maktabat Wahba|location=Cairo|language=ar}}
*{{cite book|last1=Brown |first1=Daniel W.|title=Rethinking tradition in modern Islamic thought |date=1996 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |isbn=0521570778 |url=https://www.scribd.com/document/116836545/Rethinking-Traditions-in-Modern-Islamic-Thought-Daniel-w-Brown |access-date=10 May 2018 |ref=DWBRTMIT1996}}
* {{cite book|author=Abu al-Hasan al-Ash'ari|editor=M. M. 'Abd al-Hamid |year=1969|title=Maqalat al-Islamiyin wa Ikhtilaf al-Musallin|publisher=Maktabat al-Nahdah al-Misriyah|location=Cairo|language=ar}}
* {{cite book|last=Cooperson|first=Michael|year=2005|title=Al-Ma'mun (Makers of the Muslim World)|publisher=Oneworld Publications|location=Oxford, England|isbn=1-85168-386-0}}
* {{cite book|author=Craig, W. L.|year=2000|title=The Kalam Cosmological Argument|publisher=Wipf & Stock Publishers|location=USA|isbn=1-57910-438-X|ref={{harvid|Craig|2000}}}}
* {{cite book|author=Ess, J. V.|year=2006|title=The Flowering of Muslim Theology|publisher=Harvard University Press|location=USA|isbn=0-674-02208-4|ref={{harvid|Ess|2006}}|url=https://archive.org/details/floweringofmusli00essj}}
* {{cite journal|author=Gimaret, D.|year=1979|title=Les Usul al-Hamsa du Qadi 'Abd al-Jabbar et leurs commentaires|journal=Annales Islamologiques|volume=15|pages=47–96|ref={{harvid|Gimaret|1979}}}}
* {{cite book|author=Jackson, S. A.|year=2002|title=On the Boundaries of Theological Tolerance in Islam: Abu Hamid al-Ghazali's Faysal al-Tafriqa|series=Studies in Islamic Philosophy, V.1|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Oxford|isbn=0-19-579791-4|ref={{harvid|Jackson|2002}}}}
* {{cite book|author=Jackson, S. A.|year=2005|title=Islam and the Blackamerican: Looking Toward the Third Resurrection|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=New York|isbn=0-19-518081-X|ref={{harvid|Jackson|2005}}}}
* {{cite book|author=Martin, R. C.|author2=M. R. Woodward |author3=D. S. Atmaja |year=1997|title=Defenders of Reason in Islam: Mu'tazilism from Medieval School to Modern Symbol |page=27 |publisher=Oneworld Publications|location=Oxford, England|isbn=978-1851681471 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R03YAAAAMAAJ&q=defenders+of+reason |access-date=28 September 2015 |ref={{harvid|Martin|1997}}}}
* {{cite journal|author=Nawas, J. A.|year=1994|title=A Rexamination of Three Current Explanations for al-Ma'mun's Introduction of the Mihna|journal=International Journal of Middle East Studies|volume=26|issue=4|pages=615–629|doi=10.1017/S0020743800061134|ref={{harvid|Nawas|1994}} }}
* {{cite journal|author=Nawas, J. A.|year=1996|title=The Mihna of 218 A.H./833 A. D. Revisited: An Empirical Study|journal=Journal of the American Oriental Society|volume=116|issue=4|pages=698–708|doi=10.2307/605440|jstor=605440|ref={{harvid|Nawas|1996}} }}
* {{cite book|author=Walzer, R.|year=1967|chapter=Early Islamic Philosophy|title=The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy|editor=A. H. Armstrong|editor-link=A. H. Armstrong|publisher=Cambridge University Press|location=UK|isbn=0-521-04054-X|ref={{harvid|Walzer|1967}}}}
*{{cite book|title=Aqeedah 11, An Exposition of Some Schools, Movements and Sects of Islam |publisher=Guyana Islamic Institute |location=West Coast Demarara, Guyana |url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/213350181/Islamic-Schools-Movements-and-Sects#scribd |access-date=16 September 2015|ref=GIIESSMSI}}
{{refend}}

==Guā-pōo lên-ket==
* [http://mutazila.net Mu'tazila: The use of reason in Islamic theology]
* [http://mutazilisme.fr/ Association pour la renaissance de l'Islam mutazilite (ARIM)]

[[Lūi-pia̍t: Islam]]