View source for University of Michigan

{{Infobox university
| name = University of Michigan
| image= A picture of the University of Michigan campus in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.jpg
| caption = Law Quadrangle, University of Michigan
| image_upright = 0.8
| latin_name = Universitas Michigania
| motto = {{lang|la|Artes, Scientia, Veritas}}
| mottoeng = Arts, Knowledge, Truth ([[Latin]])
| budget = $8.99 billion (2018)<ref>{{cite web |title=FY 2018-2019 U-M Budget |url=http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/budget/greybooksummary_fy19_allcamp.pdf |publisher=Office of Budget and Planning |accessdate=15 November 2018 |archive-date=15 June 2019 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190615163402/https://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/budget/greybooksummary_fy19_allcamp.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|endowment = {{gain}}$11.9 billion (2018)<ref name=Endowment>As of Oct 18, 2018.{{cite web |title=U-M endowment up $1B over last year with strong rate of return |url=https://record.umich.edu/articles/u-m-endowment-1b-over-last-year-strong-rate-return | website=The University Record |publisher=University of Michigan |accessdate=15 November 2018}}</ref>
| president = [[Santa Ono]]
| provost = [[Martin Philbert]]
| established= August 26, 1817<ref name=Founding>{{cite web|title=U-M's Foundings in Detroit and Ann Arbor: Key Dates|url=http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/|archive-url=https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20131101064603/http://bicentennial.umich.edu/resources/u-ms-foundings-in-detroit-and-ann-arbor-key-dates/|url-status=dead|archive-date=November 1, 2013|publisher=University of Michigan|accessdate=January 28, 2016|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
| type = [[Flagship university|Flagship]]<br>[[Public university|Public]]<br>[[Sea grant colleges|Sea grant]]<br>[[Space grant colleges|Space grant]]
| academic_affiliations = {{unbulleted list|[[Association of American Universities|AAU]]|[[Big Ten Academic Alliance|BTAA]]|[[Universities Research Association|URA]]|[[Association of Public and Land-Grant Universities|APLU]]}}
| students= 46,002<ref name="enrollment">{{cite web |title=The Michigan Almanac |url=http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/almanac/Almanac_Ch1_Sept2018.pdf |website=U-M Office of Budget and Planning |publisher=U-M Office of Budget and Planning |accessdate=30 October 2018 |ref=enrollment |archive-date=19 November 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181119030053/http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/almanac/Almanac_Ch1_Sept2018.pdf |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|undergrad= 29,821<ref name=enrollment/>
|postgrad= 16,181<ref name=enrollment/>
|staff = 18,986<ref name=umich1>{{cite web|url=http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/stafffed+max_umaa+hosp+all_fall14.pdf|title=University of Michigan – Ann Arbor: Staff Headcounts by Gender, Race/Ethnicity & Job Family|date=November 13, 2014|publisher=University of Michigan|page=3|accessdate=January 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317204906/http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/stafffed+max_umaa+hosp+all_fall14.pdf|archive-date=March 17, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|faculty = 6,771<ref name=umich2>{{cite web|url=http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/facultyhrdef_umaa_fall14.pdf|title=University of Michigan – Ann Arbor: Faculty Headcount by Rank, Gender, and Race/Ethnicity|date=November 11, 2014|publisher=University of Michigan|page=15|accessdate=January 10, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317205428/http://obp.umich.edu/wp-content/uploads/pubdata/factsfigures/facultyhrdef_umaa_fall14.pdf|archive-date=March 17, 2015|url-status=dead|df=mdy-all}}</ref>
|city = [[Ann Arbor, Michigan|Ann Arbor]]
|state = [[Michigan]]
|country = United States
|coor = {{coord|42|16|37|N|83|44|17|W|display=inline,title}}
|campus = {{convert|3177|acre|km2}}<br>Total: {{convert|20965|acre|km2}}, including arboretum<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%20Presentations/OSEH%20Lecture%20Series%206.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615012332/http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%20Presentations/OSEH%20Lecture%20Series%206.pdf |archivedate=June 15, 2007 |title=Environmental Stewardship at the University of Michigan |year=2006 |publisher=University of Michigan Occupational Safety and Environmental Health |accessdate=April 29, 2007 |url-status=dead}}</ref>
|colors = Maize and Blue<ref>{{cite web|title=Style Guide: Colors|url=http://vpcomm.umich.edu/brand/style-guide/design-principles/colors|publisher=Office of Global Communications, University of Michigan|date=July 7, 2015|accessdate=July 7, 2015|archive-date=July 14, 2015|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150714010133/http://vpcomm.umich.edu/brand/style-guide/design-principles/colors|url-status=dead}}</ref><br>{{college color boxes|Michigan Wolverines}}
|nickname = [[Michigan Wolverines|Wolverines]]
|sporting_affiliations = [[NCAA Division I]] – [[Big Ten Conference|Big Ten]]
|website= {{url|www.umich.edu}}
|logo= University of Michigan logo.svg
|logo_size = 250
}}

The '''University of Michigan''' ('''U-M''', '''UMich''', '''University of Michigan-Ann Arbor''', or simply '''Michigan''') is a [[public university|public]] research [[university]] in [[Ann Arbor]], [[Michigan]]. Started in 1817, about 20 years before Michigan became a state, the university is the state's oldest university. The university is called one of the first eight [[Public Ivy|Public Ivys]].<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.jbhe.com/news_views/49_blackenrollment_publicivies.html | title=Comparing Black Enrollments at the Public Ivies | journal=The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education | year=2005 | accessdate=2007-10-13}}</ref> 

The university also has one of the largest research budgets or spending money of any American university.<ref name = "alumni">{{cite web | url=http://alumni.umich.edu/info/index.php | title=About the Association | publisher=University of Michigan Alumni Association | year=2007 | accessdate=2007-03-21 | archive-date=2007-03-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070316001850/http://alumni.umich.edu/info/index.php | url-status=dead }}</ref> It ranked 18th in the world in 2008 by "The Times Higher Education-QS World University Rankings," and 21st by the Shanghai Jiao Tong University Institute for Higher Education rankings.<ref>{{cite news | work=The TIME UK | date=October 8, 2008 | url=http://www.topuniversities.com/university_rankings/results/2008/overall_rankings/fullrankings/ | title=THE-QS World University Rankings 2008 | accessdate=2008-10-10}}</ref> In its last survey in 1995, the National Research Council ranked Michigan 3rd in the [[United States]]<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~jnewton/nrc_rankings/nrc1.html | title=A Brief Summary of the NRC Rankings | publisher=Texas A&M University | year=1997 | accessdate=2007-09-29 | archive-date=2008-09-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080926121702/http://www.stat.tamu.edu/~jnewton/nrc_rankings/nrc1.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

The university is known around the world, its students being famous people such as U.S. President [[Gerald Ford]], Supreme Court Justices, as well as many heads of states around the world.

Michigan's athletic teams are known as very good, especially in [[College football|football]], [[college basketball|men's basketball]], and [[ice hockey]].

==History==
The University of Michigan was started in Detroit in 1817 as the Catholepistemiad, or University of Michigania, by the governor and judges of [[Michigan Territory]]. Ann Arbor had set aside 40&nbsp;acres (16&nbsp;ha) that it hoped would become the site for a new state capitol, but it gave this land to the university when [[Lansing, Michigan|Lansing]] was chosen as the state capital. The university moved to Ann Arbor in 1837. The original 40&nbsp;acres became part of today's Central Campus. The first classes in Ann Arbor were held in 1841, with six freshmen and a sophomore, taught by two professors or teachers. Eleven students graduated in the first class in 1845. By 1866, 1,205 students went to UM. Women were first allowed in 1870, making UM the first major university to allow women to go to school. James B. Angell, was the university's president from 1871 to 1909, made UM's teachings include subjects such as [[dentistry]], [[architecture]], [[engineering]], [[government]], and [[medicine]]. UM also became the first American university to teach in the [[seminar]] style.<ref>{{cite book|author=Brubacher, John Seiler |title=Higher Education in Transition |url=https://archive.org/details/highereducationi0000brub_a3r7 | date=July 1, 1997 | publisher=Transaction Publishers | pages=[https://archive.org/details/highereducationi0000brub_a3r7/page/187 187]|isbn=1-56000-917-9 }}</ref>

From 1900 to 1920 many new buildings were built on campus, including buildings for the dental and pharmacy programs, a chemistry building, a building for the natural sciences, [[Hill Auditorium]], large hospital and library buildings, and two residence halls. The university built up its reputation for research in 1920 by rebuilding the College of Engineering and making a group of 100 industrialists, or businessmen, to help guide research. UM's reputation as a very good national university also began to grow at this time. The university became a favorite other choice for Jewish students from New York in the 1920s and 1930s when the [[Ivy League]] schools made a limit to the number of Jews to be admitted.<ref>{{cite magazine | url=http://www.gladwell.com/2005/2005_10_10_a_admissions.html | title=Getting In | magazine=The New Yorker | date=October 10, 2005 | accessdate=2007-10-26}}</ref> Because of this, UM gained the nickname "Harvard of the West," which became commonly joked about in reverse after [[John F. Kennedy]] called himself "a graduate of the Michigan of the East, Harvard University" in a speech.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=Learn.whatispc.history.speech | title=Remarks of Senator John F. Kennedy | publisher=Peace Corps | date=October 14, 1960 | accessdate=2007-10-26 | archive-date=2007-10-11 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011010137/http://peacecorps.gov/index.cfm?shell=learn.whatispc.history.speech | url-status=dead }}</ref>

In [[World War II]], UM's research grew to include [[United States Navy|U.S. Navy]] projects like researching [[proximity fuze]]s, [[PT boat]]s, and [[radar jamming]]. By 1950, 21,000 students were at UM. As the [[Cold War]] and the [[Space Race]] started, UM got many government grants for research and helped to create peacetime uses for [[nuclear energy]]. Now, much of that work, as well as research into other energy types, is done by the Memorial Phoenix Project.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.mmpei.umich.edu/about/ | title=MMPEI | year=2007 | publisher=Michigan Memorial Phoenix Energy Institute | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref>

On October 14, 1960, [[President of the United States|Presidential]] candidate John F. Kennedy put out the idea of what became the [[Peace Corps]] on the steps of Michigan Union.<ref name="history">{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/bhl/refhome/umtimeline/general.html | title=University of Michigan Timelines—General University Timeline | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=April 2005 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> [[Lyndon B. Johnson]]'s speech about his [[Great Society]] program also occurred at UM.<ref name="history" /> Also during the 1960s, UM saw many protests by student groups. On March 24, 1965, a group of UM faculty members and 3,000 students held the nation's first ever faculty-led "teach-in" to protest against American policy in Southeast Asia.<ref>{{cite journal | url=http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/MT/95/Oct95/mt11o95.html | title=Vietnam teach-in 30 years ago | author=Newman, Matthew | journal=Michigan Today | date=October 1995 | accessdate=2007-04-28 | archive-date=2007-01-02 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070102014111/http://www.umich.edu/~newsinfo/MT/95/Oct95/mt11o95.html | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://bentley.umich.edu/bhl/exhibits/sixties/web_teachins.html | title=A Decade of Dissent:Teach-Ins | publisher=Bentley Historical Library | date=September 29, 2006 | accessdate=2007-04-28}}</ref> Because of a series of [[sit-in]]s in 1966 by ''Voice''–the campus political party of Students for a Democratic Society–UM's administration banned sit-ins. This led 1,500 students to have another one-hour sit-in the LSA Building, which then housed the administrative offices. Former UM student and important architect [[Alden B. Dow]] designed the current Fleming Administration Building, which was completed in 1968. The building's plans were drawn in the early 1960s, before student activism created a concern for safety. Nevertheless, the Fleming Building's narrow windows, all located above the first floor, and castle-like outside led to a campus rumor that it was made to be riot-proof. Dow denied the rumors, saying the small windows were made to be use less energy.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/04/06/CampusLife/Explained.Colemans.Castle-2827579.shtml | author=Holmes, Jake | title=Explained: Coleman's castle | work=The Michigan Daily | date=April 6, 2007 | accessdate=2008-04-06 | archive-date=2008-04-26 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080426131943/http://media.www.michigandaily.com/media/storage/paper851/news/2007/04/06/CampusLife/Explained.Colemans.Castle-2827579.shtml | url-status=dead }}</ref>

During the 1970s, large budget limits made it hard on the university's physical development; however, the 1980s saw a surge in money given to research in the social and physical sciences. At that time, the university's work in the anti-missile [[Strategic Defense Initiative]] and investments in [[South Africa]] caused anger on campus. During the 1980s and 1990s, the university used many resources to help rebuild its large hospital area and improve the academic buildings on the North Campus. The university also made computer and information technology on the campus important.

==Academics==
[[File:Front of Angell Hall.jpg|thumb|Central Campus: Angell Hall, one of the major buildings of the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]]
The university has 26,083 [[undergraduate]] and 14,959 [[graduate student]]s<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/~regoff/report/07fa102.pdf | title=University of Michigan-Enrollment by School and College, Gender, and Class Level For Term 1660 (Fall 2007) | date=September 24, 2007 | accessdate=2007-12-24 | archive-date=2008-02-16 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080216022731/http://www.umich.edu/~regoff/report/07fa102.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> in 600 academic programs, and each year about 5,400 new students go to UM. Students come from all 50 [[U.S. state]]s and more than 100 countries.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://admissions.umich.edu/prospective/index.html | title=Undergraduate Admissions - Prospective Students | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Admissions | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> 98% of the university's class of 2006 had a high school GPA of 3.0 and higher, while the middle 50% of the class had a high school GPA of 3.60 to 3.90.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_freshprof.pdf | title=University of MichiganAnn Arbor: Freshman Class Profile | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning | date=January 17, 2007 | accessdate=2007-03-23 | archive-date=2008-02-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227035156/http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_freshprof.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref><ref name="UM_common_data_set">{{cite web | url=http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_cds2005.pdf | title=University of Michigan Common Data Set 2004–2005 (Page 11) | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Budget & Planning | date=August 16, 2005 | accessdate=2007-03-23 | archive-date=2008-02-27 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080227035155/http://sitemaker.umich.edu/obpinfo/files/umaa_cds2005.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> The middle 50% of people applying had an [[SAT]] score of about 1920–2180 and an [[ACT (examination)|ACT]] score of 27–31, with [[Advanced Placement Program|AP]] credit given to over 3000 freshmen students.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.admissions.umich.edu/fastfacts.html | title=Undergraduate Admissions - Fast Facts | publisher=University of Michigan Office of Admissions | year=2006 | accessdate=2007-03-23 | archive-date=2007-03-20 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070320155301/http://www.admissions.umich.edu/fastfacts.html | url-status=dead }}</ref> About 22% of newly undergraduates and 25% of all undergraduates are members of ethnic [[minorities|minority groups]].<ref name="UM_common_data_set" />

About 65% of undergraduate students go to the [[University of Michigan College of Literature, Science, and the Arts|College of Literature, Science, and the Arts]] (LS&A), while the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]] has about 20%. Less than 3% of undergraduate students go to the [[Ross School of Business]]. The rest of the undergraduate students go to the smaller schools, including the School of Kinesiology, School of Nursing, the School of Natural Resources and Environment, and the School of Art and Design.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/%7Eoapainfo/TABLES/PDF/EnrollmentFA00toFA04.pdf | title=Enrollment by Degree Type and School/College | year=2004 | publisher=UM News Service | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref> Most graduate students go to the Rackham Graduate School, the [[University of Michigan College of Engineering|College of Engineering]], the [[University of Michigan Law School|Law School]], the [[Ross School of Business]], and the Medical School. The Medical School works with the University of Michigan Health System, which makes up the University's three hospitals, a lot of the outpatient clinics, and many places for medical care, research, and education. Other academic units are the Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning and the Schools of [[Dentistry]], Education, Information, Music, Theatre & Dance, Natural Resources and Environment, Public Health, and Social Work, of which Social Work has been ranked first by the ''U.S. News and World Report'' every year since 1994.<ref>{{cite news | url=https://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/grad/rankings/hea/brief/sow_brief.php | title=America's Best Graduate Schools 2007 - Health: Social Work (Master's) | year=2007 | work=US News and World Report | accessdate=2007-03-23}}</ref>

==Campus==
The Ann Arbor campus is separated into four main areas: the North, Central, Medical, and South Campuses. There are more than 500 large buildings, with a more than 29 million square feet (664&nbsp;acres or 2.69&nbsp;km²).<ref name="campus size">{{cite web | url=http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%20Presentations/OSEH%20Lecture%20Series%206.pdf | title=Environmental Stewardship at the University of Michigan | year=2006 | publisher=University of Michigan Occupational Safety and Environmental Health | accessdate=2007-04-29 | archive-date=2007-06-15 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070615012332/http://www.oseh.umich.edu/OSEH%2BPresentations/OSEH%2BLecture%2BSeries%2B6.pdf | url-status=dead }}</ref> The Central and South Campuses are next to each other, while the North Campus area is separated from them by the [[Huron River (Michigan)|Huron River]]. An East Medical Campus has been built on Plymouth Road, with some university-owned buildings.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www2.med.umich.edu/pcdv2/maps/dsp_maps.cfm?maplocation=AmbulatorySurgeryandMedicalProceduresCenter&hc_id=ASMPC | title=Street Map to Rachel Upjohn Building | publisher=University of Michigan Health System | year=2008 | accessdate=2008-10-25 | archive-date=2016-01-21 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160121234506/http://www2.med.umich.edu/pcdv2/maps/dsp_maps.cfm?maplocation=AmbulatorySurgeryandMedicalProceduresCenter&hc_id=ASMPC | url-status=dead }}—The linked map shows the entire East Medical Campus.</ref>

==Academics==
{{Infobox US university ranking
<!-- U.S. rankings -->
| ARWU_NU       = 20
| Forbes        = 22
| THE_WSJ       = 28
| USNWR_NU      = 27
| Wamo_NU       = 21
<!-- Global rankings -->
|ARWU_W        = 27
|THES_W        = 20
|QS_W          = 20
|USNWR_W       = 17
}}
Because more than 70% of UM's 200 program's and schools were listed as some of the best in their areas,<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.umich.edu/%7Eoapainfo/TABLES/PDF/UMAA_Rankings.pdf | title=University of Michigan - Ann Arbor: Recent Rankings for Graduate & Professional Academic | date=July 13, 2005 | publisher=University of Michigan | accessdate=2007-11-14}}—a collection of rankings from sources such as ''U.S. News & World Reports'' and the National Research Council</ref> the school was made one of Richard Moll's Public Ivies.<ref>{{cite book | author=Moll, Richard. | title=The Public Ivys: America's Flagship Undergraduate Colleges | url=https://archive.org/details/publicivysguidet0000moll | location=New York | publisher=Viking Adult | year=1985 | isbn=0-670-58205-0}}</ref> UM has had 26 [[Rhodes Scholarship|Rhodes Scholars]] go to the school.<ref name="Rhodes">{{cite news | author=Paddock, Travis | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/9798/Dec17_97/fiona.htm | title=Fiona Rose is U's 24th Rhodes Scholar | work=University Record | date=December 17, 1997 | accessdate=2007-10-13 | archive-date=2007-08-13 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070813181142/http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/9798/Dec17_97/fiona.htm | url-status=dead }}{{cite news | author=Bates, Karl Leif | url=http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0405/Dec06_04/05.shtml | title=Engineering student wins prestigious Rhodes Scholarship | work=The University Record Online | date=December 6, 2004 | accessdate=2007-11-03 | archive-date=2006-12-31 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061231052435/http://www.umich.edu/~urecord/0405/Dec06_04/05.shtml | url-status=dead }}{{cite news | author=Serwach, Joe | url=http://www.ns.umich.edu/htdocs/releases/story.php?id=6858 | title=UM dual MD/PhD student named Rhodes Scholar | publisher=University of Michigan News Service | date=November 24, 2008 | accessdate=2008-11-24 }}</ref>

== People who worked at the University of Michigan ==

*[[Mary Sheldon Barnes]]<ref name="Findingaid">{{cite web | year=2001 | title=Mary Sheldon Barnes Papers | work=Sophia Smith Collection | publisher=Smith College | url=http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss2_bioghist.html | accessdate=13 Aug 2011 | archive-date=15 March 2011 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110315223936/http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss2_bioghist.html | url-status=dead }}</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

== Other websites ==
{{commonscat|University of Michigan}}
*[http://www.umich.edu/ University of Michigan website]
*[http://www.mgoblue.com/ Athletics website]

{{Big Ten Conference}}
{{Central Collegiate Hockey Association}}
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Michigan, University of}}
[[Category:American Lacrosse Conference]]
[[Category:Association of American Universities]]
[[Category:Big Ten Conference]]
[[Category:Central Collegiate Hockey Association]]
[[Category:Collegiate Water Polo Association]]
[[Category:ECAC Lacrosse]]
[[Category:Oak Ridge Associated Universities]]
[[Category:University of Michigan| ]]
[[Category:1810s establishments in Michigan Territory]]
[[Category:1817 establishments in the United States]]