Fontem paginae Bertholletia excelsa inspicere

{{taxobox
|name = ''Bertholletia excelsa''
|image = Bertholletia excelsa.jpg
|status = VU
|status_system = iucn2.3
|regnum = [[Plantae]]
|unranked_divisio = [[Angiospermae]]
|unranked_classis = [[Eudicotyledones]]
|unranked_ordo = [[Asteridae]]
|ordo = [[Ericales]]
|familia = [[Lecythidaceae]]
|genus = '''''Bertholletia'''''
|species = '''''B. excelsa'''''
|binomial = ''Bertholletia excelsa''
|binomial_authority = [[Amatus Bonpland|Bonpl.]]
|}}

'''''Bertholletia excelsa''''' ([[binomen]] ab [[Amatus Bonpland|Amato Bonpland]] cum [[Alexander von Humboldt|Alexandro von Humboldt]] anno [[1807]] statutum) est [[arbor]] [[America Meridionalis|Americana Meridionalis]] in [[familia (taxinomia)|familia]] [[Lecythidaceae|Lecythidacearum]] et fons [[semen (botanice)|seminis]] edulis commercioque exculti.

Arbor est sola [[species (taxinomia)|species]] in [[monotypismus|monotypico]] [[typus generis|typo generis]] ''[[Bertholletia]]e.'' [[Endemismus|Endemica]] est in [[Guianae|Guianis]], [[Venetiola]], [[Brasilia]], [[Columbia]] orientali, [[Peruvia]] orientali, et [[Bolivia]] orientali. In nemoribus dispersis intra magnas silvas ad ripas fluminum [[Amazonum flumen|Amazonum]], [[Flumen Nigrum (Amazonia)|Nigri]], et [[Orinocum|Orinoci]] viget. Generis nomen ex [[Claudius Ludovicus Berthollet|Claudio Ludovico Berthollet]], chemista [[Francia|Francico]], deducitur.

Arbor, una ex maximis [[Silva pluvialis Amazonica|silvae pluvialis Amazonicae]] arborum, ad 30–45 metra alta attingit, [[truncus (botanice)|trunco]] 1–2 metra lato. Potest vivere plusquam 500 annos, et secundum nonnullos eruditos, aetatem 1000 annorum saepe adsequitur.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20080523200535/http://www.assets.wwf.no/news_facts/newsroom/features/index.cfm?uNewsID=92320 Bruno Taitson, "Harvesting nuts, improving lives in Brazil]," WWF, 18 Ianuarii 2007.</ref> [[Caulis]] est recta, ferme sine [[ramus|ramis]] per plusquam dimidium altitudinis arboris, et [[folium|folia]] longique rami in altum super folia ramique aliarum arborum prominent. [[Cortex]] est cineraceus et laevis. Folia sunt tempore sicco [[deciduus|decidua]], alterna, simplicia, integra aut crenata, oblonga, 20–35 centimetra longa, et 10–15 centimetra lata. [[Flos|Flores]] sunt parvi, pallide virides, in [[panicula|paniculis]] 5–10 centimetra longis; cuique flori est deciduus duarum partium [[Calyx (botanice)|calyx]], sex inaequalia [[petalum|petala]] cremea, et numerosa [[Stamen|stamina]] in lata massa cucullata coniuncta.

== Reproductio ==
Arbores fructum paene solum in silvis pristinis producunt, quia silvae turbatae magnis apibus generum ''[[Bombus|Bombi]], [[Centris]], [[Epicharis]], [[Eulaema]]e,'' et ''[[Xylocopa]]e'' carent, solis [[insecta|insectis]] quae arboris flores possunt [[pollinatio|pollinare]] (Moritz 1984; Nelson et al. 1985). 

==Notae==
<div class="references-small"><references/></div>

== Bibliographia ==
; Fontes antiquiores
* 1586 : [[Ioannes Lerius]], ''[[Historia navigationis in Brasiliam]]'' [https://archive.org/stream/historianauigati00lryj#page/154/mode/2up p. 155] [https://archive.org/stream/historianavigati00lryj#page/154/mode/2up 2a ed.] ("''Sabaucaie''")
* [[Alexander von Humboldt]], [[Amatus Bonpland]], ''Plantae Aequinoctiales'' vol. 1 [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/279581#page/143/mode/1up pp. 122–127, pl. 36]

; Eruditio recentior
* ''Fruit-bearing Forest Trees: technical notes''. (''FAO Forestry Paper'', 34.) Romae: Food and Agriculture Organization, 1982. [http://www.fao.org/docrep/015/T0006e/T0006e00.pdf Textus]
* Victor L. Caetano Andrade et al., "[https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0214128 Growth rings of Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa) as a living record of historical human disturbance in Central Amazonia]" in ''PLOS One'' (3 Aprilis 2019)
* Charles R. Clement, Michelly de Cristo-Araújo, Geo Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, Alessandro Alves Pereira, Doriane Picanço-Rodrigues, "[https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7844/1b92b93c09a9b1da1aad7f6bafaa68f0907e.pdf Origin and Domestication of Native Amazonian Crops]" in ''Diversity'' vol. 2 (2010) pp. 72-106
* A. Moritz, ''[https://web.archive.org/web/20090817104252/http://orton.catie.ac.cr/cgi-bin/wxis.exe/?IsisScript=ACERVO.xis&method=post&formato=2&cantidad=1&expresion=mfn=029738 Estudos biológicos da floração e da frutificação da castanha-do-Brasil (Bertholletia excelsa HBK)]''. 1984. Vol. 29
* B. W. Nelson, M. L. Absy, E. M. Barbosa, G. T. Prance, "[http://www.csa.com/partners/viewrecord.php?requester=gs&collection=ENV&recid=1566670 Observations on flower visitors to Bertholletia excelsa H.B.K. and Couratari tenuicarpa A.C.Sm. (Lecythidaceae)]{{Nexus deficitur|date=October 2022 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}" in ''Acta Amazonica'' vol. 15 (1985) pp. 225–234
* Carlos A. Peres et al., "Demographic threats to the sustainability of Brazil nut exploitation" in ''Science'' vol. 302 (2003) pp. 2112–2114

== Nexus externi ==
{{commons|Bertholletia excelsa|Bertholletiam excelsam}}
{{Vicispecies}}
{{Fontes de plantis}}
* {{IUCN2006|assessors=Americas Regional Workshop (Conservation & Sustainable Management of Trees, Costa Rica, November 1996)|year=1998|id=32986|title=Bertholletia excelsa|downloaded=9 May 2006}} Listed as Vulnerable (VU A1acd+2&nbsp;cd v2.3)
* [http://sweetgum.nybg.org/lp/taxon.php?irn=133412 Pagina nucum Brasilianarum apud New York Botanical Gardens]

== Descriptio ==
{{Imago multiplex
| align=left
| image1=Bertholletia excelsa imago mobot31753000662806 0332.jpg
| width1=325
| image2=Bertholletia excelsa descriptio mobot31753000662806 0143.jpg
| width2=264
| footer=[[Alexander von Humboldt]], [[Amatus Bonpland]], ''Plantae Aequinoctiales'' vol. 1 (1807) [http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/279581#page/143/mode/1up pp. 122–127, pl. 36]
| footer_align = left
}}

[[Categoria:Agricultura tropica]]
[[Categoria:Lecythidaceae]]
[[Categoria:Monotypica plantarum genera]]
[[Categoria:Nuces et semina edulia]]
[[Categoria:Plantae ex hominibus appellatae]]
[[Categoria:Plantae vulnerabiles]]
[[Categoria:Fruges Americae australis]]
[[Categoria:Taxa Bonpland]]
[[Categoria:Taxa 1807]]