View source for User:Shaolin Punk/sandbox

https://www.newspapers.com/image/110040559/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjExMDA0MDU1OSwiaWF0IjoxNzMzNjE1MDM2LCJleHAiOjE3MzM3MDE0MzZ9.liM7by3FJYrQ4HCdPledbkXuY5NNMImXp4Rgaef4dSA
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-webb-shooting/6454001/?locale=en-GB
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/6454022/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/111147719/
https://www.newspapers.com/image/111147719/?fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjExMTE0NzcxOSwiaWF0IjoxNzMzNjI3MjcxLCJleHAiOjE3MzM3MTM2NzF9.X6I0xhIEhE-hEoi2q6A8Oxainge_xmtrfdagd0H13Q0
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1071161533/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/578509897/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/146785376/

https://archive.ph/bsHOR
https://archive.ph/ATBMU

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-miami-herald/138814403/

https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/30/nyregion/witness-is-slain-on-brooklyn-street-hours-before-drug-case-testimony.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220703221724/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/30/nyregion/witness-is-slain-on-brooklyn-street-hours-before-drug-case-testimony.html

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/561/1114/1894481/

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914916fadd7b049345881ce



https://www.standard.net/police-fire/2022/feb/02/mongols-biker-from-layton-one-of-10-arrested-in-hells-angels-shooting-death/

<ref name="The Quebec Biker War Timeline: Murder & Mayhem In Montreal In Fight For Biker Kingdom">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-quebec-biker-war-timeline-murder-mayhem-in-montreal-in-fight-for-biker-kingdom/ The Quebec Biker War Timeline: Murder & Mayhem In Montreal In Fight For Biker Kingdom] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (December 1, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513133907/https://gangsterreport.com/the-quebec-biker-war-timeline-murder-mayhem-in-montreal-in-fight-for-biker-kingdom/ |date=May 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Canadian Motorcycle Gangs Gun For Control of Illegal Drug Trade">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/02/05/canadian-motorcycle-gangs-gun-for-control-of-illegal-drug-trade/16888b15-927e-4f69-9722-bd4d868c139f/ Canadian Motorcycle Gangs Gun For Control of Illegal Drug Trade] DeNeen L. Brown, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (February 5, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513134115/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2001/02/05/canadian-motorcycle-gangs-gun-for-control-of-illegal-drug-trade/16888b15-927e-4f69-9722-bd4d868c139f/ |date=May 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="More arrests in Quebec biker gang war">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/12/07/More-arrests-in-Quebec-biker-gang-war/5937818312400/ More arrests in Quebec biker gang war] Martin Stone, [[United Press International]] (December 7, 1995) {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-14.html

https://www.occrp.org/en/group-america/who-is-mileta-miljanic-the-serbian-american-drug-lord-and-leader-of-group-america
https://www.occrp.org/en/group-america/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15066980/poughkeepsie-journal/

http://www.stonegreasers.com/greaser/new_york_gangs.html

== WH ==
https://archive.ph/U04fb
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2013/06/whitey-bulger-trial-john-martorano-killed-20-people-why-is-he-a-free-man.html
https://archive.ph/VWAP0
https://archive.ph/SvSJz

https://archive.org/details/brutaluntoldstor00week/page/156/mode/2up?q=Operation+Beans
https://archive.ph/fE4w3
https://archive.ph/qSZTf
https://edition.cnn.com/2013/07/17/justice/massachusetts-bulger-trial/index.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20040216213205/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/2004/02/13/former_mob_boss_tells_of_access_to_fbi/

https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Winter_Hill.html?id=kFYuzgEACAAJ&redir_esc=y

== Hicks ==
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Wayne Hicks
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Wayne Edward Hicks
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1954|08|16}}
| birth_place        = [[Toledo, Ohio]], U.S.
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| death_cause        = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = {{hlist|"Joe Black"}}
| occupation         = {{hlist|[[Outlaw biker]]|[[gangster]]}}
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| conviction_status  = 
| spouse             = Deborah Overton
| children           = 5
| relatives          = 
| allegiance         = [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws MC]]
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
| imprisoned         = 
}}
'''Wayne Edward Hicks''' (born August 16, 1954), also known as "Joe Black" is an American former [[outlaw biker]] who served as the national vice president of the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club]].

=== Early life ===
The middle child of a middle-class family, Hicks was born in [[Toledo, Ohio]] on August 16, 1954. He was a [[Scouting|scout]] and a Sunday school pupil at Epiphany Lutheran Church as a child, but grew into a rebellious teenager who developed an interest in [[Chopper (motorcycle)|chopper]] motorcycles. Hicks failed to graduate from [[Rogers High School (Toledo, Ohio)|Rogers High School]] with his 1972 class due to a lack of credits, and attended summer school to obtain his diploma. On April 6, 1974, Hicks married Deborah Overton, with whom he had five children, although the marriage was plagued by domestic troubles before they eventually divorced. Hicks held a job at Someplace Else restaurant but quit to instead sell drugs, which was more profitable.<ref name="Toledo's killer biker">[https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033 Toledo's killer biker turns on his Outlaws `brothers'] Michael D. Sallah, ''[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Blade]]'' (June 3, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016210223/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033 |date=October 16, 2022 }}</ref>

=== Outlaws ===
Hicks became the leader of the Mongols, a Toledo motorcycle gang. The Mongols became associated with the larger [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] gang after a meeting in [[Daytona Beach, Florida]] in March 1977. On the evening of July 29, 1978, he and his members [[Gate crashing|crashed]] an outdoor keg party in [[Springfield Township, Lucas County, Ohio|Springfield Township]], where Hicks got into a fight with Tom Polaski, the host of the party who was celebrating his 26th birthday. Hicks was on the losing end of the fight with the larger Polaski when two other Mongols restrained Polaski. Hicks then stabbed him in the neck with a [[buck knife]], fatally severing his jugular vein. Hicks fled on his motorcycle as Polaski bled to death on his way to [[Medical College of Ohio]] Hospital.<ref name="Toledo's killer biker"/>




<ref name="Toledo's killer biker"/>


==== Operation Silverspoke ====
<ref name="U.S. v. Bowman">[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-11th-circuit/1435860.html United States of America v. Harry Bowman] [[FindLaw]] (August 20, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921155507/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-11th-circuit/1435860.html |date=September 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Toledo's killer biker"/>

<ref name="Former Outlaw president">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/04/24/former-outlaw-president-cuts-a-deal/ Former Outlaw president cuts a deal] Larry Dougherty, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (April 24, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/f44RU |date=July 12, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws gang leader">[https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2004/01/31/outlaws-gang-leader-gets-prison-sentence/31296533007/ Outlaws gang leader gets prison sentence] Vicki Chachere, ''[[Ocala StarBanner]]'' (January 31, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Ayz3j |date=February 22, 2025 }}</ref>

<ref name="Prosecutor says">[https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2001/04/17/prosecutor-says-witnesses-fingered-outlaw-ringleader/26660623007/ Prosecutor says witnesses fingered Outlaw ringleader] ''[[The Ledger]]'' (April 17, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/nEgTu |date=February 22, 2025 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker convicted">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/2001/04/17/Biker-convicted-of-murder-racketeering/2925987480000/ Biker convicted of murder, racketeering] [[United Press International]] (April 17, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/SvENW |date=October 31, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="38 in biker gang">[https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2003/04/16/38-in-biker-gang-indicted-in-organized-crime-probe/stories/200304160006 38 in biker gang indicted in organized-crime probe] ''[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Blade]]'' (April 16, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/5yLG9 |date=February 22, 2025 }}</ref>

<ref name="Roundup">[https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19961115/2359905/roundup-of-biker-gang-may-be-end-of-road Roundup Of Biker Gang May Be End Of Road] Ron Ishoy, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (November 15, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/f7Nr5 |date=February 22, 2025 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-Outlaw chief">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2004/01/31/ex-outlaw-chief-gets-17-years-in-prison/ Ex-Outlaw chief gets 17 years in prison] Graham Brink, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (January 31, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/MEULy |date=August 28, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Seven Outlaw gang members">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/11/14/Seven-Outlaw-gang-members-arrested/9883847947600/ Seven Outlaw gang members arrested] [[United Press International]] (November 14, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/yyBM8 |date=October 31, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="2 Outlaws Held">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/11/15/2-outlaws-ordered-held-without-bail-to-face-trial-in-tampa/ 2 Outlaws Held Without Bail – To Face Trial In Tampa] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (November 15, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/GGYyp |date=October 7, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bikers Hit">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/11/14/bikers-hit-with-more-charges/ Bikers Hit With More Charges] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (November 14, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/v7OAQ |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Federal indictments">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/11/14/federal-indictments-zero-in-on-bikers/ Federal indictments zero in on bikers] Katherine Shaver, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (November 14, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/uv213 |date=October 14, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/09/29/racketeering-trial-starts-for-outlaws/ ] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://archive.ph/BVHbE

https://archive.ph/AyxDv

https://archive.ph/KkQr7


=== References ===
{{Reflist}}


{{Outlaws Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

{{main other|{{DEFAULTSORT:Hicks, Wayne}}}}

== 10 ==

https://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/Philadelphia.html

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/V1kPKA7tUwA

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-joey-merlino/135467032/?locale=en-GB

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/47131652/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-bobby-degeorge-m/120731291/?locale=en-GB

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/10818081/

<ref name="hit-wit">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/65049134/?locale=en-GB Who's the mob hit-wit?] Kitty Caparella, ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' (March 14, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312010458/https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/65049134/?locale=en-GB |date=March 12, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gang took hit">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/133689658/ Gang really took a hit] Kitty Caparella, ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' (March 20, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312005255/https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/133689658/ |date=March 12, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mob victim">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/133688617/ Mob victim is mourned] Kitty Caparella, ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' (March 24, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606221830/https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/133688617/ |date=June 6, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Jail OD">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/184713800/ Jail OD snuffs another Merlino rival] Kitty Caparella, ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' (June 23, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240312010755/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/184713800/ |date=March 12, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="South Phila. man">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-10th-o-crew-vs/99771952/?locale=en-GB South Phila. man sues the Daily News] Joseph R. Daughen and Kitty Caparella, ''[[Philadelphia Daily News]]'' (August 17, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240606221825/https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-10th-o-crew-vs/99771952/?locale=en-GB |date=June 6, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

== Coffey ==
{{short description|American police officer (1938–2015)}}
{{Infobox police officer
 |honorific_prefix = 
 |name             = Joseph Coffey
 |honorific_suffix = <!--{{postnom|country=ISO|size=100%|abbr}}-->
 |image            = 
 |image_upright    = 
 |alt              = 
 |caption          = 
 |birth_name       = Joseph John Coffey
 |birth_date       = {{birth date|1938|04|03|df=y}}
 |birth_place      = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.
 |death_date       = {{death date and age|2015|09|27|1938|04|03|df=y}}
 |death_place      = [[Levittown, New York|Levittown]], New York, U.S.
 |resting_place    = 
 |rest_coord       = <!--{{coord|LAT|LON|type:landmark|display=inline,title}}-->
 |other_names      = 
 |education        = 
 |alma_mater       = 
 |known_for        = 
 |notable_works    = 
 |spouse           = 
 |relatives        = 
 |service_label    = 
 |service          = 
 |allegiance       = 
 |department       = [[New York City Police Department]]
 |branch           = 
 |serviceyears     = 
 |status           = 
 |rank             = [[Sergeant]]
 |badge            = 
 |awards           = 
 |memorials        = 
 |otherwork        = 
 |website          = <!--{{URL|example.com}}-->
 |module           = 
}}
'''Joseph John Coffey''' (April 3, 1938 – September 27, 2015) was an American [[police officer]] and [[detective]] with the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD).

=== Early life ===

<ref name="Coffey Dies">[https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/02/nyregion/joseph-coffey-detective-who-took-son-of-sams-confession-dies-at-77.html Joseph Coffey, Detective Who Took Son of Sam’s Confession, Dies at 77] Sam Roberts, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 2, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230330213242/https://www.nytimes.com/2015/10/02/nyregion/joseph-coffey-detective-who-took-son-of-sams-confession-dies-at-77.html |date=March 30, 2023 }}</ref>

https://archive.ph/qU28q

=== Police career ===
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_WNODAAAQBAJ&pg=PT148&lpg=PT148&dq=joe+coffey+roy+demeo&source=bl&ots=9lDp3C4xVT&sig=ACfU3U01yzGXwfTUmiRvWVSZAQuK72JxzQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-5IWd6LOGAxXgVPEDHf-ZB5Y4FBDoAXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=joe%20coffey%20roy%20demeo&f=false

=== Personal life ===

=== Death ===

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:American police detectives]]
[[:Category:New York City Police Department officers]]
[[:Category:Organized crime in New York City]]
[[:Category:People from Levittown, New York]]
[[:Category:People from Levittown, New York]]
[[:Category:People from Murray Hill, Manhattan]]

== Spiro ==
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = 
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 
| birth_place        = 
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = 
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| allegiance         = 
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
| conviction_status  = 
| spouse             = 
}}

https://web.archive.org/web/20220610151556/https://gangsterreport.com/the-sammy-the-arab-murder-nyc-greek-godfather-ordered-hit-on-lucchese-mob-associate-or-did-he/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news/54489582/

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2014/01/spiro-alleged-boss-of-greek-mafia.html

https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news/56329844/

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1445959.html

== Corporation==
https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-ralph-coppola-photo-barney-b/25028494/

{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = The Corporation
| native_name       = ''La Compania''
| native_name_lang  = Spanish
| image             = <!-- filename only -->
| image_size        = <!-- defaults to 220px -->
| caption           = 
| founded           = {{start date and age|1964}}
| founder           = [[José Miguel Battle Sr.]]
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Union City, New Jersey]], United States
| years_active      = 1964{{ndash}}2004
| territory         = [[North Jersey]], [[New York City]] and [[South Florida]]
| ethnicity         = [[Cuban Americans|Cuban American]]
| membership        = 
| leaders           = 
| activities        = Racketeering, illegal gambling, drug trafficking, money laundering, arson
| allies            = {{plainlist|
* [[Genovese crime family]]
* [[Trafficante crime family]]
}}
| rivals            = [[Lucchese crime family]]
| notable_members   = 
}}
'''The Corporation''', also known as '''''La Corporación''''' or '''''La Compania''''', was a [[Cuban Americans|Cuban American]] [[Organized crime|criminal organization]] founded in [[Union City, New Jersey]] by [[José Miguel Battle Sr.]].

In 2004, nearly two dozen members of the Corporation were indicted on federal charges.

=== History ===
The Corporation was founded in 1964 by [[José Miguel Battle Sr.]], a [[Cuban exile]] and former police officer in [[Havana]] who had fled to Florida following the [[Cuban Revolution]].<ref name="Mafia Tale">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2006/07/27/cuban-mafia-tale-comes-to-end-with-leaders-convictions/ 'Cuban Mafia' Tale Comes To End With Leaders' Convictions] ''[[South Florida Sun Sentinel]]'' (July 27, 2006) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419233221/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2006/07/27/cuban-mafia-tale-comes-to-end-with-leaders-convictions/ |date=April 19, 2024 }}</ref> Battle settled in [[Union City, New Jersey]], a city home to the second-largest [[Cuban Americans|Cuban community in the United States]], after serving two years in prison in Cuba following the failed [[Bay of Pigs invasion]] in which he was a participant.<ref name="Leader of La Corporación">[https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/jose-miguel-battle-jr-head-of-cuban-mafia-ring-la-corporacion-released-from-prison-9830697 Leader of La Corporación, Miami's Infamous Cuban Mafia, Released From Federal Prison] David Minsky, ''[[Miami New Times]]'' (November 15, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117093512mp_/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/jose-miguel-battle-jr-head-of-cuban-mafia-ring-la-corporacion-released-from-prison-9830697 |date=January 17, 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Numbers War">[https://www.cigaraficionado.com/article/the-numbers-war-cubans-vs-italians The Numbers War: Cubans vs. Italians] [[T. J. English]], ''Cigar Aficionado'' (December 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230608070535/https://www.cigaraficionado.com/article/the-numbers-war-cubans-vs-italians |date=June 8, 2023 }}</ref> He was known as ''El Padrino'', or "the Godfather", of the Corporation, and was assisted in his leadership of the organization by a vice chairman and a counselor, or ''consejero''.<ref name="U.S. v. Acuña">[https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/07-10382/200710382-2011-02-28.pdf?ts=1411109442 United States of America v. Julio Acuña and Jose Miguel Battle Jr.] [[Justia]] (February 20, 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512232143/https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/07-10382/200710382-2011-02-28.pdf?ts=1411109442 |date=May 12, 2024 }}</ref><ref name="Gangster Who Refused to Die">[https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-cuban-gangster-who-mysteriously-refused-to-die The Cuban Gangster Who Mysteriously Refused to Die] [[T. J. English]], ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' (March 17, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231209053630/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-cuban-gangster-who-mysteriously-refused-to-die |date=December 9, 2023 }}</ref> The Corporation operated in groups known as divisions or crews, each of which consisted of lieutenants, soldiers, operators, bankers and enforcers.<ref name="Mafia Tale"/><ref name="U.S. v. Acuña"/>



<ref name="Mafia Tale"/>

<ref name="U.S. v. Acuña"/>

<ref name="Leader of La Corporación"/>

<ref name="Numbers War"/>

<ref name="Gangster Who Refused to Die"/>



<ref name="U.S. Panel">[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/25/nyregion/us-panel-says-cuban-emigres-run-a-bet-ring.html U.S. Panel Says Cuban Emigres Run a Bet Ring] Eric Schmitt, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 25, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419233929/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/25/nyregion/us-panel-says-cuban-emigres-run-a-bet-ring.html |date=April 19, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Big Business">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1985/08/09/in-new-york-cuban-lottery-is-big-business/ In New York, Cuban Lottery Is Big Business] ''[[South Florida Sun Sentinel]]'' (August 9, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419234547/https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1985/08/09/in-new-york-cuban-lottery-is-big-business/ |date=April 19, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="11 Accused">[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/08/nyregion/11-are-accused-in-fatal-blazes-at-betting-sites.html 11 Are Accused In Fatal Blazes At Betting Sites] Leonard Buder, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 8, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419234200/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/10/08/nyregion/11-are-accused-in-fatal-blazes-at-betting-sites.html |date=April 19, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Feud">[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/15/nyregion/crime-group-feud-on-gambling-seen.html Crime Group Feud On Gambling Seen] Kirk Johnson, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 15, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200105141935/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/15/nyregion/crime-group-feud-on-gambling-seen.html |date=January 5, 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Man Is Convicted">[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/12/nyregion/metro-datelines-man-is-convicted-in-betting-parlor-fire.html Man Is Convicted In Betting Parlor Fire] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 12, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240512001213/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/12/12/nyregion/metro-datelines-man-is-convicted-in-betting-parlor-fire.html |date=May 12, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="56 Arrested">[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/12/nyregion/56-arrested-in-raid-against-gambling-ring.html 56 Arrested in Raid Against Gambling Ring] Richard Perez-Pena, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 12, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240419233550/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/10/12/nyregion/56-arrested-in-raid-against-gambling-ring.html |date=April 19, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Racketeering Suspect">[https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/20/us/national-briefing-south-florida-racketeering-suspect-is-arrested.html Racketeering Suspect Is Arrested] Steve Barnes, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 20, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.nytimes.com/2004/03/20/us/national-briefing-south-florida-racketeering-suspect-is-arrested.html |date=May 12, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Made-in-Miami">[https://www.miaminewtimes.com/arts/the-corporation-a-history-of-the-cuban-mob-is-a-made-in-miami-story-10186614 The Corporation, a History of the Cuban Mob, Is a Made-in-Miami Story] David Minsky, ''[[Miami New Times]]'' (March 22, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240416220605/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/arts/the-corporation-a-history-of-the-cuban-mob-is-a-made-in-miami-story-10186614 |date=April 16, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Godfather">[https://www.newsweek.com/godfather-harlem-jose-miguel-battle-bumpy-johnson-yul-vazquez-1775295 Who is José Miguel Battle in 'Godfather of Harlem' Season 3?] ''[[Newsweek]]'' (January 22, 2023) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240117033658/https://www.newsweek.com/godfather-harlem-jose-miguel-battle-bumpy-johnson-yul-vazquez-1775295 |date=January 17, 2024 }}</ref>



<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>



https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2004/03/19/miami-investigation-cracks-cuban-mafia/31301513007/

https://streetlogicblog.com/2017/06/21/letter-from-madrid/

https://cases.justia.com/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/07-10382/200710382-2011-02-28.pdf?ts=1411109442

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/72649NCJRS.pdf

http://www.miamiherald.com/latest-news/article207082174.html

https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP90-00965R000504160051-3.pdf

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/3568413.stm

=== See also ===
* [[Cubans in Miami]]
* [[Cubans in New York City]]
* [[Havana on the Hudson]]

=== References ===
{{reflist}}

[[:Category:1964 establishments in New Jersey]]
[[:Category:Cuban-American culture in Miami]]
[[:Category:Cuban-American culture in New York (state)]]
[[:Category:Cuban-American history]]
[[:Category:Former gangs in New York City]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Florida]]
[[:Category:Gangs in New Jersey]]
[[:Category:Hispanic-American organized crime]]
[[:Category:Organizations established in 1964]]

== Cleveland/Detroit ==
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cincinnati-enquirer-the-cincinnati-e/9375533/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times-p2-re-dancer-sough/33525496/

https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Wise-guy-blabbermouths-damage-Detroit-Mob-s-image-2924863.php

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1996/03/15/reputed-detroit-mafia-leaders-rounded-up-after-5-year-federal-investigation/957126b9-9f4b-47c8-b480-8f806b2038b5/

https://www.deadlinedetroit.com/articles/22359/the_secret_fbi_files_on_detroit_s_sopranos_--_the_giacalone_brothers_and_their_ties_to_jimmy_hoffa


https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press/29528300/

== 10 ==
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RizAc7JFmy4C&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=Brent+Provestgaard&source=bl&ots=lm3EkgFiA1&sig=ACfU3U0iD9ie25KsWLfiZgT5TkKGNfh9eQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR6sL99v6EAxW8zwIHHR-RCNAQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=Brent%20Provestgaard&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-aryan-brotherhoods-cosa-nost/100824028/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-aryan-brotherhoods-cosa-nost/100824079/

https://vault.fbi.gov/Aryan%20Brotherhood%20/Aryan%20Brotherhood%20Part%201%20of%201

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/V1kPKA7tUwA

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-polidoro

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/133689658/

https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/USCOURTS-paed-2_97-cr-00359

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-joey-merlino/135467032/

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-davis-840

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/65049134/?locale=en-GB

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/184713800/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer/20553878/

https://www.americanmafia.com/Cities/Philadelphia.html

== Sperling ==
{{Short description|American mobster (1938-2018)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Herbert Sperling
| image              = 
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1938|12|29}}
| birth_place        = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2018|07|03|1938|12|29}}
| death_place        = [[Ayer, Massachusetts|Ayer]], Massachusetts, U.S.
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = {{hlist|[[Mobster]]|[[drug trafficker]]}}
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| allegiance         = 
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
}}
'''Herbert "Herbie" Sperling''' (December 29, 1938 – July 3, 2018) was an American [[mobster]] and [[drug trafficker]].

Sperling was born in the [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]] neighborhood on the [[West Side (Manhattan)|West Side]] of [[Manhattan]] in [[New York City]], the son of [[Jews|Jewish]] immigrant parents [[Eastern European Jewry|from Eastern Europe]]. By his teenage years, Sperling had relocated to [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] in [[Lower Manhattan]], where he began associating with [[Italian Americans|Italian American]] criminals.<ref name="Crazy Tough Jew">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/herbert-herbie-sperling/ Herbert (Herbie) Sperling – “One Crazy Tough Jew!”] TheNewYorkMafia () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

In the 1950s, Sperling 

<ref name="Sperling Dies at 79">[https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/15/obituaries/herbert-sperling-drug-boss-tied-to-french-connection-case-dies-at-79.html Herbert Sperling, Drug Kingpin Tied to French Connection Case, Dies at 79] Sam Roberts, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 15, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180815225821/https://www.nytimes.com/2018/08/15/obituaries/herbert-sperling-drug-boss-tied-to-french-connection-case-dies-at-79.html |date=August 15, 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="Sperling Dead At 79">[https://gangsterreport.com/legendary-jewish-mobster-herbie-sperling-dead-in-prison-at-79-leaves-legacy-of-heroin-hedonism/ Legendary Jewish Mobster Herbie Sperling Dead In Prison At 79, Leaves Legacy Of Heroin & Hedonism] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com () {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201118232313/https://gangsterreport.com/legendary-jewish-mobster-herbie-sperling-dead-in-prison-at-79-leaves-legacy-of-heroin-hedonism/ |date=August 23, 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="Heroin Dealer Assails Judge">[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/13/archives/heroin-dealer-assails-us-judge-before-receiving-a-life-sentence.html Heroin Dealer Assails U.S. Judge Before Receiving a Life Sentence] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 13, 1973) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220918142922/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/13/archives/heroin-dealer-assails-us-judge-before-receiving-a-life-sentence.html |date=September 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="L.I. Man Convicted">[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/20/nyregion/li-man-convicted-in-heroin-plot.html L.I. Man Convicted in Heroin Plot] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 20, 1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103223943/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/20/nyregion/li-man-convicted-in-heroin-plot.html |date=January 3, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Major Heroin Dealer Testifies">[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/16/nyregion/major-heroin-dealer-testifies-for-us-in-drug-trial.html Major Heroin Dealer Testifies for U.S. in Drug Trial] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 16, 1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230103223945/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/16/nyregion/major-heroin-dealer-testifies-for-us-in-drug-trial.html |date=January 3, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Life Term">[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/13/archives/narcotics-dealer-gets-a-life-term-also-fined-300000-after-he.html Narcotics Dealer Gets a Life Term] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 13, 1973) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024222633/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/13/archives/narcotics-dealer-gets-a-life-term-also-fined-300000-after-he.html |date=October 24, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Two Given Life">[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/28/archives/two-given-life-in-prison-slaying-of-figure-in-french-connection.html Two Given Life in Prison Slaying Of Figure in ‘French Connection’] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 28, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024223526/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/28/archives/two-given-life-in-prison-slaying-of-figure-in-french-connection.html |date=October 24, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Defendant is Accused of Threat to Shoot">[https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/02/nyregion/drug-case-defendant-is-accused-of-threat-to-shoot-prosecutor.html Drug Case Defendant is Accused of Threat to Shoot Prosecutor] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 2, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024223924/https://www.nytimes.com/1982/11/02/nyregion/drug-case-defendant-is-accused-of-threat-to-shoot-prosecutor.html |date=October 24, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Life in Drugs Shallow">[https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/17/nyregion/barnes-calls-life-in-drugs-shallow.html Barnes Calls Life in Drugs 'Shallow'] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 17, 1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024224242/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/03/17/nyregion/barnes-calls-life-in-drugs-shallow.html |date=October 24, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Letters">[https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/04/archives/letters.html Letters] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 4, 1977) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231024224713/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/08/04/archives/letters.html |date=October 24, 2023 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-news/47678096/

https://lohud.newspapers.com/article/the-journal-news/22805041/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/honolulu-star-advertiser/39718237/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-heroin-wars-2a/20330769/

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

=== References ===
{{reflist}}

{{main other|{{DEFAULTSORT:Sperling, Herbert}}}}
[[:Category:1938 births]]
[[:Category:2018 deaths]]
[[:Category:20th-century American criminals]]
[[:Category:American drug traffickers]]
[[:Category:American male criminals]]
[[:Category:American people convicted of drug offenses]]
[[:Category:American people who died in prison custody]]
[[:Category:American prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[:Category:Criminals from Manhattan]]
[[:Category:French Connection gangsters]]
[[:Category:Gangsters from New York City]]
[[:Category:Gangsters sentenced to life imprisonment]]
[[:Category:Jewish American gangsters]]
[[:Category:People from Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan]]
[[:Category:Prisoners sentenced to life imprisonment by the United States federal government]]
[[:Category:Prisoners who died in United States federal government detention]]

== Agron ==
<ref name="Soviet Emigre Mob">[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/04/nyregion/soviet-emigre-mob-outgrows-brooklyn-and-fear-spreads.html Soviet Emigre Mob Outgrows Brooklyn, and Fear Spreads] Ralph Blumenthal and Celestine Bohlen, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 4, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922192652/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/04/nyregion/soviet-emigre-mob-outgrows-brooklyn-and-fear-spreads.html |date=September 22, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Russia's New Export">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1990/06/24/russias-new-export-the-mob/6719d1b7-9fe9-4470-bb1f-f1fc452a986b/ Russia's New Export: The Mob] James Rosenthal, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (June 24, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/5c3p0#selection-1451.0-1465.13 |date=October 30, 2019 }}</ref>

<ref name="Brighton Beach Goodfellas">[https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/1993/1/brighton-beach-goodfellas Brighton Beach Goodfellas] [[Robert I. Friedman]], ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' (January 1993) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230601153102/https://archive.vanityfair.com/article/1993/1/brighton-beach-goodfellas |date=June 1, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Influx of Russian Gangsters">[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/23/nyregion/influx-of-russian-gangsters-troubles-fbi-in-brooklyn.html Influx of Russian Gangsters Troubles F.B.I. in Brooklyn] [[Selwyn Raab]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 23, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230922192652/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/08/23/nyregion/influx-of-russian-gangsters-troubles-fbi-in-brooklyn.html |date=September 22, 2023 }}</ref>

== TCG ==
https://web.archive.org/web/20140425040908/https://www.adn.com/2014/04/23/3438157/court-shooting-sheds-light-on.html
https://casetext.com/case/people-v-fifita-2
https://www.sltrib.com/news/2020/05/12/utah-man-convicted-gang/
https://www.sltrib.com/news/2021/04/01/utah-man-convicted-gang/
https://www.cityweekly.net/utah/the-gangs-of-zion/Content?oid=2128947
https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/saltlakecity/press-releases/2011/jury-convicts-six-tongan-crip-gang-members-of-violent-crimes-three-convicted-of-rico-conspiracy
https://archive.is/ukegx
https://www.deseret.com/2011/9/7/20387218/tongan-crip-gang-trial-begins-under-tightened-courthouse-security

== Eme ==
https://www.policemag.com/search?searchQuery=hells+angels

https://library.ucsd.edu/dc/object/bb9113999k/_1.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20230804232108/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/crime/2010/06/15/did-new-gang-launch-at/51570913007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230311081444/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-dec-15-et-book15-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230601014724/https://www.policemag.com/blogs/gangs/blog/15318747/history-of-the-mexican-mafia-prison-gang

https://web.archive.org/web/20220102080249/https://gangsterreport.com/the-ultimate-la-eme-timeline-murders-busts-brotherhood-in-the-mexican-mafia-1957-2021/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230804231900/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-06-06-me-10098-story.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1996/11/26/us/battle-against-mexican-mafia-opens-new-front-in-court.html

https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/1996/12/15/u-s-trying-to-halt/50839152007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230804230733/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-sep-03-me-28393-story.html

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1997/09/03/Mexican-Mafia-members-sentenced/4162873259200/

http://edition.cnn.com/US/9902/02/mexican.mafia/

https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-07-06/mexican-mafia-member-who-ran-county-jail-rackets-killed-in-prison

https://www.justice.gov/usao-edca/pr/ten-ms-13-members-and-associates-indicted-gang-related-murders-and-racketeering#:~:text=MS%2D13%20in%20Los%20Angeles,throughout%20Southern%20California%2C%20and%20elsewhere.

https://eu.elpasotimes.com/story/news/crime/2022/04/10/ms-13-gang-texas-prison-charged-murder-attack-mexican-mafia-surenos/9532668002/

== Smith ==
<ref name="ColdCaseFiles">{{cite episode |title = Feds vs. Outlaws |series = Death Row Stories |series-link = Death Row Stories |network = [[HLN (TV network)|HLN]] |date = May 6, 2018 |season = 3 |number = 7}}</ref>

<ref name="">[https://3dc.org.uk/about/who-we-are/clarence-michael-smitty-smith/ Clarence Michael ‘Smitty’ Smith, Patron] 3dc.org.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220525194513/https://3dc.org.uk/about/who-we-are/clarence-michael-smitty-smith/ |date=May 25, 2022 }}</ref>

== Nolan ==
<ref name="Court upholds convictions">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/06/30/court-upholds-outlaw-convictions/ Court upholds Outlaw convictions] ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (June 30, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230813013307/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/06/30/court-upholds-outlaw-convictions/ |date=August 13, 2023 }}</ref>m

<ref name="Woman recalls life">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1995/12/17/woman-recalls-life-as-property-of-outlaw-enforcer/ Woman recalls life as 'property' of Outlaws enforcer] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (December 17, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/f1wbT |date=July 12, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Toledo's killer biker">[https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033 Toledo's killer biker turns on his Outlaws `brothers'] Michael D. Sallah, ''[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Blade]]'' (June 3, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016210223/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033 |date=October 16, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Murder in the Tropics">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rIzFh7AeAI8C&pg=PA76&lpg=PA76&dq=jim+nolan+outlaws&source=bl&ots=kGX-Q2Bz_N&sig=ACfU3U39kD_TqOe8urATzzzT-yvsW8X6Jw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUuJrsv4mAAxU7UKQEHbHbBSs4ChDoAXoECBQQAw#v=onepage&q=jim%20nolan%20outlaws&f=false|author=Stuart B. McIver|isbn=9781561640799|title=Murder in the Tropics|date=1995|publisher=Pineapple Press}}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws: Biker Wars">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT110&lpg=PT110&dq=jim+nolan+outlaws&source=bl&ots=YXDnxBMcdj&sig=ACfU3U0pJxU-F773dn2veIesnOUp9FkN3g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUuJrsv4mAAxU7UKQEHbHbBSs4ChDoAXoECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=jim%20nolan%20outlaws&f=false|author=Tony Thompson|isbn=9781444716627|title=Outlaws: Inside the Hell's Angel Biker Wars|date=2011|publisher=Hodder & Stoughton}}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT109&lpg=PT109&dq=big+jim+nolan&source=bl&ots=YXDnCCKdei&sig=ACfU3U2AyovN8rydnwbiNncZHh1qsIE-sQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH4MjZpJiAAxVkT0EAHbEmDgM4ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=big%20jim%20nolan&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i4LUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA121&lpg=PA121&dq=big+jim+nolan&source=bl&ots=mvFWuKLVxz&sig=ACfU3U1u6bQ13MVcO9ow3rQK6LzKXYdIdw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH4MjZpJiAAxVkT0EAHbEmDgM4ChDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=big%20jim%20nolan&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=23lWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT139&lpg=PT139&dq=big+jim+nolan&source=bl&ots=zss0JxHRcn&sig=ACfU3U0fIiP-MEKwY3gfjsPfLIRqAhJsWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjH4MjZpJiAAxVkT0EAHbEmDgM4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=big%20jim%20nolan&f=false

<ref name="">{{Cite book|url=|author=|isbn=|title=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

<ref name="">{{Cite book|url=|author=|isbn=|title=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

<ref name="">{{Cite book|url=|author=|isbn=|title=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

An "old lady" testified that she was bought in Florida for $5,000.<ref name="Organized Crime in America"/>

=== References ===
{{reflist}}

== Henki ==
June 3, 1944 - https://secondhandsongs.com/artist/206397/all

https://m.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100064591303735&_rdr

https://web.archive.org/web/20230524085726/http://www.thorehansen.com/Prologue-outlaw_biker.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20230814004708/http://www.thorehansen.com/Chapter19-MarriedToanheiress.pdf
https://web.archive.org/web/20230525075611/http://www.thorehansen.com/Chapter20-AgentfortheCIA.pdf
https://www.newspapers.com/article/22250533/thore-henki-holm-hansen/
https://ufdcimages.uflib.ufl.edu/AA/00/06/92/17/00077/02-14-2013.pdf
https://archive.ph/KFtsk
https://web.archive.org/web/20230814010345/https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/har-sittet-150-dager-i-et-rottehull-av-et-fengsel-i-florida/62945953
https://web.archive.org/web/20230814010548/https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/eks-outlaws-sjef-ville-bli-fengslet-i-usa-her-far-han-onsket-innfridd/63046601
https://web.archive.org/web/20230814010709/https://www.nrk.no/norge/thore-henki-holm-hansen-benadet-1.10968203
https://web.archive.org/web/20230814010835/https://www.abcnyheter.no/nyheter/2013/04/10/171082/jeg-har-sittet-150-dager-i-et-rottehull-av-et-fengsel-i-florida
https://web.archive.org/web/20230814011020/https://www.tv2.no/nyheter/utenriks/outlaws-henki-ikke-fornoyd-etter-a-ha-blitt-benadet-i-usa/13659438/
https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/6ba1O/tidligere-outlaws-sjef-benaadet-i-usa
https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/03/15/flight-over-man-sentenced-in-81-drug-deal/
https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/cia-operatives-barrels-of-whiskey-and-a-biker-named-thor-6390821
https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/outlaw-biker-thor-hansen-will-be-deported-back-to-norway-ending-wild-tale-of-whisky-and-cia-operatives-6472415
https://www.aftenposten.no/norge/i/4qBGR/krever-185-mill-fra-usa
https://www.tv2.no/nyheter/utenriks/norske-thore-76-ble-kastet-ut-av-usa-etter-brutalt-drap-na-vil-han-renvaskes/11856941/

== Sur ==
https://info.publicintelligence.net/surenosreport.pdf

https://www.ice.gov/news/releases/14-bay-area-surenos-street-gang-members-indicted-racketeering-and-murder

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/03/us/mass-shooting-goshen-california-arrests.html

https://pd.georgetown.org/wp-content/uploads/sites/14/2013/07/Gangs-1.pdf

==Thompson==
On , the bodies of 15-year-old Sheila Carter and 12-year-old Jodi Marie Ragsdale were found along a rural road in [[Merced County, California|Merced County]], several hours after the girls had left a babysitting job in [[Atwater, California|Atwater]].<ref name="The State">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-12-16-mn-3575-story.html The State] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 16, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230522195630/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-12-16-mn-3575-story.html |date=May 22, 2023 }}</ref>


<ref name="Witness accused of making threats">[https://amp.modbee.com/article3097671.html Witness in murder case accused of making threats] Corinne Reilly, ''[[The Modesto Bee]]'' (November 30, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/NTR1S#selection-975.19-982.0 |date=May 22, 2023 }}</ref>


https://archive.ph/zckrr

https://archive.ph/VovQy

https://web.archive.org/web/20230522201945/https://kmph.com/archive/north-valley-man-found-not-guilty-in-murder-case

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/6Wu3QCZWeww

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/6fDvucdIjJI/m/rGXY4YVJAwAJ

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2519&dat=19950514&id=wYFeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=9WENAAAAIBAJ&pg=1418,4657581&hl=en

https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Two-Hells-Angels-held-in-quadruple-killing-3147557.php

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

==River Run riot==
{{short description|Gang fight in Laughlin, Nevada}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title            = River Run riot
| subtitle         = 
| partof           = [[organized crime in the United States]]
| image            = 
| caption          = 
| date             = April 27, 2002
| place            = [[Laughlin, Nevada]], U.S.
| coordinates      = 
| causes           = 
| goals            = 
| methods          = 
| status           = 
| result           = 
| side1            = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]]
| side2            = [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols MC]]
| side3            = 
| side4            = 
| leadfigures1     = 
| leadfigures2     = 
| leadfigures3     = 
| leadfigures4     = 
| howmany1         = 
| howmany2         = 
| howmany3         = 
| howmany4         = 
| casualties1      = 2 killed<br>Many injured<br>7 imprisoned
| casualties2      = 1 killed<br>Many injured<br>6 imprisoned
| casualties3      = 
| casualties4      = 
| fatalities       =
| injuries         =
| arrests          =
| damage           =
| buildings        =
| detentions       =
| charged          =
| fined            =
| effect           =
| effect_label     =
| casualties_label = 
| notes            = 
| sidebox          = 
}}

The '''River Run riot''' was a violent confrontation between the [[Hells Angels]] and the [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]] motorcycle gangs that occurred on April 27, 2002, in [[Laughlin, Nevada]] during the [[Laughlin River Run]]. 

===Background===
The [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]] were formed in the [[Los Angeles]] suburb of [[Montebello, California|Montebello]] in 1969, reportedly by a group of mostly [[Hispanic and Latino Americans|Hispanic]] men who had been rejected for membership by the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]].<ref name="Judge refuses">[https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-mongols-trademark-ruling-20190228-story.html Judge refuses to strip Mongols biker club of trademarked logo] Joel Ribin, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (February 28, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221005190151/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-mongols-trademark-ruling-20190228-story.html |date=October 5, 2022 }}</ref> In 1977, the Hells Angels declared war on the Mongols after Mongols members began wearing a [[Colors (motorcycling)|patch]] reading "California", which the Angels claimed as their own territory. The biker war resulted in the deaths of four Mongols members as well as an innocent fifteen-year-old boy in [[San Diego County, California|San Diego]] and [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles]] counties that year.<ref name="Forget">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=thomas+shull+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=GBQ6vznGlL&sig=ACfU3U3CThhg3mULdJjHQXdiJEU1-l0O9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwksGM2IbrAhWhoFwKHV4NBn04ChDoATAAegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=thomas%20shull%20hells%20angels&f=false ''The Angels Do Not Forget''] Raymond C. Morgan (1979)</ref> The Hells Angels suffered their first casualty in the conflict when Raymond "Fat Ray" Piltz, sergeant-at-arms of the club's [[San Diego, California|San Diego]] chapter, was shot dead in a [[biker bar]] in [[Lemon Grove, California|Lemon Grove]] on January 17, 1982.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39381117/sullings/ Cycle gang member jailed] ''[[Hattiesburg American]]'' (May 17, 1982)</ref> A truce was ultimately made between the Hells Angels and the Mongols, with the Angels ceding [[southern California]] to the Mongols.<ref name="USDOJ_Motorcycle_Gangs1">{{Citation|author=U.S. Dept. of Justice|title=Motorcycle Gangs|url=https://www.justice.gov/criminal/gangunit/gangs/motorcycle.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100210150226/http://www.justice.gov/criminal/gangunit/gangs/motorcycle.html|access-date=27 October 2009|archive-date=10 February 2010|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name="''The Infamous ‘One Percenters’:  A Review of the Criminality, Subculture, and Structure of Modern Biker Gangs''">[http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/The_Infamous.pdf ''The Infamous ‘One Percenters’:  A Review of the Criminality, Subculture, and Structure of Modern Biker Gangs''] Danielle Shields (2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220914194645/http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/The_Infamous.pdf |date=September 14, 2022 }}</ref> The feud was reactivated when 50 to 100 members of the rival clubs clashed at a motorcycle trade show in [[Long Beach, California|Long Beach]] on February 10, 1989, resulting in [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]] Hells Angels chapter sergeant-at-arms Aristeo Andres "Art" Carbajal being stabbed to death and several others wounded.<ref name="Overview"/><ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-14-me-618-story.html Violence Warning Cancels Bike Show] Richard Beene, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (February 14, 1990)</ref>

The River Run riot was the culmination of tensions between the clubs which began increasing when the Mongols expanded into the Hells Angels stronghold of [[northern California]].<ref name="''The Infamous ‘One Percenters’:  A Review of the Criminality, Subculture, and Structure of Modern Biker Gangs''"/> To compete with the larger Hells Angels, the Mongols bolstered their ranks by recruiting members of [[Sureño]] gangs.<ref>[https://www.policemag.com/373077/the-mongol-motorcycle-gang-and-the-mexican-mafia The Mongol Motorcycle Gang and the Mexican Mafia] Richard Valdemar, policemag.com (January 22, 2008)</ref>

===The riot===
<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>


Between 50,000 and 80,000 motorcycle enthusiasts attended the 20th annual edition of the [[Laughlin River Run]], held in [[Laughlin, Nevada]].

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA214&lpg=PA214&dq=mongols+hells+angels+1977&source=bl&ots=6tn8oGm1hY&sig=ACfU3U1o6UJZpU5KlOuD_K6F_m1rF_fc0Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj36New57T-AhXOS8AKHePJBpU4ChDoAXoECBQQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20hells%20angels%201977&f=false

http://edition.cnn.com/2002/US/04/28/casino.shooting/

Robert "Festus" Tumelty, president of the Hells Angels' California [[Nomad (motorcycle club membership)|Nomads chapter]] in [[Stockton, California|Stockton]]<ref name="Angels land in Stockton">[https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2002/05/02/hells-angels-land-in-stockton/50754507007/ Hells Angels land in Stockton for slain biker's viewing] ''[[The Record (Stockton, California)|The Record]]'' (May 2, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214203026/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2002/05/02/hells-angels-land-in-stockton/50754507007/ |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="Closure to brawl is needed">[https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2004/04/16/closure-to-brawl-is-needed/50703175007/ ] Michael Fitzgerald, ''[[The Record (Stockton, California)|The Record]]'' (April 16, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214204338/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2004/04/16/closure-to-brawl-is-needed/50703175007/ |date=December 14, 2002 }}</ref>


The conflict began when members of the Hells Angels went to [[Harrah's Laughlin]] to confront members of the Mongols who had allegedly harassed vendors that sold Hells Angels related merchandise. Mongol Anthony Barrera, 43, was stabbed to death, and two Hells Angels, Jeramie Bell, 27, and Robert Tumelty, 50, were shot to death.<ref name="rj1">{{cite news |first=Ed |last=Vogel |title=Laughlin riot: Court hears biker case  |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2005/Nov-18-Fri-2005/news/4371059.html  |work=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]] }}</ref>

This was the first time that there were multiple murders in a Nevada casino.<ref>{{cite news |first=Ryan |last=Oliver |title=Incident Nevada's first multiple slaying in casino  |url=http://www.reviewjournal.com/lvrj_home/2002/Apr-28-Sun-2002/news/18626987.html  |work=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]] |date=2002-04-28 |access-date=2007-05-03 }}</ref>

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2002/may/01/metro-met-with-gangs-before-casino-shootout/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221005190731/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/28/us/a-brawl-between-motorcycle-gangs-turns-fatal-at-a-nevada-casino.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221005191104/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/04/28/4-dead-as-bikers-brawl-at-nev-casino/dd8d8a43-f0eb-44a9-a5ae-4b6b4bf3a851/

http://edition.cnn.com/2002/US/04/27/casino.shooting/index.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-30-me-sbriefs30.5-story.html

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

===Aftermath===
Six Hells Angels and six Mongols were imprisoned as a result of the event, and 36 other people had their charges dismissed.<ref name="rj2">{{cite news|url=http://www.lvrj.com/news/25644889.html|title=LAUGHLIN RIVER RUN MELEE: Fugitive biker surrenders |last=Packer|first=Adrienne|date=2008-07-19|work=[[Las Vegas Review-Journal]]|access-date=2008-07-30}}</ref> Frederick Donahue, one of the Hells Angels indicted after the incident, evaded capture for six years before surrendering in July 2008.<ref name="rj2"/>

https://mohavedailynews.com/news/127708/42-hells-angels-indicted-in-las-vegas-for-laughlin-shootout/

https://www.recordcourier.com/news/2003/sep/26/biker-gang-files-suit-against-harrahs-over-deadly-/

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2010/nov/04/harrahs-laughlin-found-liable-fatal-2002-casino-br/

https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/hells-angels-criminal-enterprise

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:2002 riots]]
[[:Category:2002 in Nevada]]
[[:Category:Laughlin, Nevada]]
[[:Category:Outlaw motorcycle club conflicts]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]
[[:Category:Mongols Motorcycle Club]]
[[:Category:Filmed killings]]

==DeCav==
https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf

https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/mob-turncoat-lived-the-good-life/1872863/

https://web.archive.org/web/20190423190617/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/northamerica/usa/4839513/Mafia-rat-planned-to-kill-John-Gotti.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zfZLEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA45&lpg=PA45&dq=john+alite+the+sheriff&source=bl&ots=1EQ1qX9tyY&sig=ACfU3U2EnoEcpb8yD9ujEWHuPqrPoYmkVw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid192Oz9f9AhX-g_0HHbn3CeQQ6AF6BAg6EAM#v=onepage&q=john%20alite%20the%20sheriff&f=false

https://www.lep.co.uk/arts-and-culture/mcdonald-meets-the-hard-men-of-the-mafia-2592867

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/us-politics/trump-john-alite-mafia-hitmman-photo-b2268220.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20191230024838/https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/mar/24/the-mafia-with-trevor-mcdonald-review



https://www.nytimes.com/1973/02/02/archives/a-driver-for-gambino-is-cited-for-a-violation.html

https://www.njonlinegambling.com/new-jerseys-most-notorious-gamblers-robert-libutti/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230113085635/https://www.newyorker.com/culture/persons-of-interest/in-the-mafias-shadow-a-son-honors-his-father

https://web.archive.org/web/20210509210537/https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/moe-dalitz/

https://thetvdb.com/series/inside/seasons/official/1

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

Zappi
https://www.ancestry.co.uk/genealogy/records/ettore-zappi-24-2lg28k1?geo_a=t&geo_s=us&geo_t=uk&o_iid=41013&o_lid=41013&o_sch=Web+Property&geo_v=2.0.0

Zannino
<ref name="The official Bulger FBI files">[https://archive.boston.com/news/packages/whitey/globe_stories/1998/whitey_and_the_fbi_part_3_0721.htm The official Bulger FBI files: some tall tales] [[Dick Lehr]], [[Boston.com]] (July 21, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507164206/https://archive.boston.com/news/packages/whitey/globe_stories/1998/whitey_and_the_fbi_part_3_0721.htm |date=May 7, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="AncientFaces">[https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/ilario-a-zannino-birth-1920-death-1996/6042122 Ilario A Zannino] [[AncientFaces]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219222835/https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/ilario-a-zannino-birth-1920-death-1996/6042122 |date=February 19, 2023 }}</ref>

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/03/12/Mob-leader-sentenced-to-30-years/5156542523600/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/895/1/46731/

http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/1998/07/20/sidekicks_double_dealing_career_worthy_of_master_spy/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vnJ2CQAAQBAJ&pg=PT75&lpg=PT75&dq=ilario+zannino+apnews&source=bl&ots=YHeXTSuG3v&sig=ACfU3U1jLXmUhaENxipLgPvHaHoDuQi7qQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjZmM6c2aL9AhWp7rsIHYnuBsYQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=ilario%20zannino%20apnews&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20220810224324/https://www.bostonherald.com/2013/10/17/carr-no-shortage-of-mob-drama-in-court/

https://mattofboston.com/north-end-and-mafia-murders/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220419232220/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/first/l/lehr-mass.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20211206020805/https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,145082,00.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20170517111603/https://casetext.com/case/us-v-salemme-6

https://web.archive.org/web/20221205180121/https://archive.boston.com/news/packages/whitey/globe_stories/1988_the_bulger_mystique_part_3.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20211017023056/https://archive.boston.com/news/packages/whitey/globe_stories/1998/whitey_and_the_fbi_part_2_sidebar_a.htm



https://web.archive.org/web/20171122170324/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/09/08/us/jury-hears-tape-on-gang-wars-in-boston-trial.html

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-12-22-8503280630-story.html / https://archive.ph/pe5TA

https://web.archive.org/web/20161015212300/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/27/us/4-convicted-by-us-jury-in-boston-rackets-trial.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230219225840/https://apnews.com/article/5b6a114850e5431c1d6cd73dede88043

https://web.archive.org/web/20230219225615/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-06-mn-5045-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230219225733/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-03-07-mn-8237-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20171103225838/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/09/us/reputed-mob-leader-guilty-in-boston-racketeering-case.html

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/03/12/Mob-leader-sentenced-to-30-years/5156542523600/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/03/12/Ailing-mob-leader-sentenced-to-30-years/3802542523600/

https://web.archive.org/web/20171104081913/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/13/us/high-boston-leader-of-organized-crime-gets-30-years-in-jail.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37438248/the-boston-globe/

Russo
https://web.archive.org/web/20221115225327/https://www.bostonherald.com/2007/10/14/mobster-of-the-week-joseph-jr-russo/

https://archive.ph/rFrpk

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/08/24/The-law-enforcement-community-believes-reputed-Mafia-enforcer-Joseph/5336525240000/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220522165735/https://gangsterreport.com/new-england-mafia-marks-silver-anniversary-of-mob-war/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220716102637/https://nypost.com/2022/04/15/aging-nyc-mobster-still-poses-threat-to-law-enforcement-feds/

<ref name="Silent Wives">[https://apnews.com/article/79757e8134f41b96adef2d81b4ee8b10 Silent Wives, Mob Protocol, Discussed On Tapes] [[Associated Press]] (August 29, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230219230809/https://apnews.com/article/79757e8134f41b96adef2d81b4ee8b10 |date=February 19, 2023 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230119100112/https://www.wpri.com/12-on-12/the-mafia-tapes/

https://www.nationalcrimesyndicate.com/on-this-day-in-1998-jospeh-jr-russo-died-aged-67/

https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/536257

Winter
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22676375/p-15-howie-winters-long-slide-from-top/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220903010151/https://www.bostonglobe.com/2020/11/13/metro/former-winter-hill-gang-leader-howie-winter-has-died/

Dellacroce
https://www.cosanostranews.com/search/label/Aniello%20Dellacroce
https://web.archive.org/web/20220814210004/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/04/12/archives/gang-war-could-be-a-rough-one-gallocolombo-fight-would-draw-on-60s.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20190926210757/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/02/13/archives/panel-told-of-intrigue-for-gambino-job.html

Rampino
https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/29/nyregion/mob-figure-seized-in-heroin-sale.html
https://archive.ph/Jq8Yt
https://archive.ph/viQ9Q
https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/informant-john-gotti-sr-s-neighbor-john-favara-killed-dumped-barrel-acid-article-1.391230
https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/gotti-henchman-tony-roach-buggin-jail-early-article-1.423366
https://nypost.com/2005/11/23/stomp-on-that-roach/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1992/03/02/amid-fear-and-grisly-fact-gotti-trial-often-resembles-jolly-goodfellas/0ee0a1a1-827a-468c-8a50-4d6b93573a05/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36322016/daily-news/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36321908/daily-news/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37812777/daily-news/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36321715/daily-news/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/117407056/daily-news/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36321516/daily-news/
https://www.nytimes.com/1992/02/28/nyregion/witness-identifies-castellano-gunman-as-gotti-associate.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/14/nyregion/gotti-is-aquitted-in-conspiracy-case-involving-the-mob.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1986/04/08/nyregion/principal-figures-in-trial.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1986/09/04/nyregion/mafia-soldier-secretly-recorded-talks-with-gotti-over-two-years.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/05/nyregion/gravano-s-world-gotti-witness-gives-glimpse-into-mafia-life.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/14/nyregion/gotti-is-aquitted-in-conspiracy-case-involving-the-mob.html

DeCav
<ref name="New Jersey Godfather">[https://americanmafiahistory.com/sam-the-plumber-decavalcante-new-jersey-godfather/ Sam The Plumber DeCavalcante - New Jersey Godfather] Mike Dickson, AmericanMafiaHistory.com (October 5, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230121213720/https://americanmafiahistory.com/sam-the-plumber-decavalcante-new-jersey-godfather/ |date=January 21, 2023 }}</ref>

http://www.americanmafia.com/cities/new_jersey.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230121221024/https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/crimelaw/features/10871/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230101171637/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/06/13/archives/gentleman-mafia-leader-simone-rizzo-decavalcante.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230101174654/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/06/14/archives/decavalcantes-wife-remains-silent-some-of-the-neighbors-in-jersey.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230108224553/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/07/10/archives/a-minor-mafioso-testifies-3-hours-decavalcante-kept-waiting-by.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230109210850/https://www.nytimes.com/1969/08/08/archives/decavalcante-fined-for-going-7-mph-above-speed-limit.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230103221259/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/02/17/archives/fbi-admits-it-tapped-decavalcante-illegally.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230106230839/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/01/17/nyregion/decline-and-fall-of-an-empire.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230106230953/https://www.nytimes.com/2001/04/20/nyregion/new-charges-for-mob-family-as-us-indictment-names-20.html

https://lohud.newspapers.com/clip/106855900/the-herald-statesman/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/910608/mob-in-food-industry/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20250183/hartford-courant/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33019415/failure-to-appear-for-sam-the-plumber/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8106384/asbury-park-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26619553/the-record/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84279314/sam-decavalcante-granted-new-trial-on/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86404689/decavalcante-sentenced-to-15-years/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86404671/sam-the-plumber-decavalcante/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8106318/courier-post/

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2014/12/new-yorks-four-crime-families.html

http://archive.boston.com/ae/tv/packages/sopranos/gallery/Real_life_mobsters?pg=2

https://torontosun.com/news/world/meet-the-real-jersey-mob-decavalcantes-ruled-the-garden-state

https://web.archive.org/web/20220504062311/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2001/04/02/is-this-the-end-of-rico

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-aug-12-mn-33229-story.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27475253/the-philadelphia-inquirer/

http://mafianj.com/sci89/decavalcante.shtml

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2017/06/top-journo-references-decavalcantes-in.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA281&dq=decavalcante+family+in+Florida&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=decavalcante%20family%20in%20Florida&f=false

https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/24/archives/mafia-obtained-secret-us-data-tapes-show-they-knew-of-fbi-charts-on.html

https://thenewyorkmafia.com/decavalcante-family/

https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32304678.pdf

https://archive.org/stream/history-organized-crime/Organized%20Crime%20NJ%20-%20various%20sources_djvu.txt

https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/search/label/decavalcante

==Zappi==
https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/1572047.pdf

https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1994/05/11/nightclub-king-is-charged-with-racketeering/

https://www.lukeis back.com/essays/essays/mafia.htm

https://gangstersinc.org/profiles/blogs/death-in-the-afternoon-the

https://spotlightonabuse.wordpress.com/2014/02/14/childrens-doctor-on-27-sex-charges-05-05-73/comment-page-1/

https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/anthony-zappi-birth-1924-death-1995/17075316

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CRw_HUlyr-8C&pg=PA764&lpg=PA764&dq=ettore+zappi+july+4,+1904&source=bl&ots=LmPGsHfepU&sig=ACfU3U23AH3IyuhdtYjOChtgBI9b-GS-fQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiExO-dou7_AhUHLMAKHc-eCn4Q6AF6BAgjEAM#v=onepage&q=ettore%20zappi%20july%204%2C%201904&f=false

https://archive.org/stream/RobertDibernardo/Robert%20Dibernardo%2008_djvu.txt

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/12/08/archives/gambino-believed-seeking-single-mafia-family-here-gambino-said-to.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/31/archives/link-to-mafia-is-sought-in-l-i-slaying-link-is-described.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/07/archives/crackdown-on-hardcore-pornography-has-followed-supreme-court.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/14/archives/gambino-no-2-man-is-arrested-on-li-zappi-arraigned-in-hospital-and.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/14/archives/metropolitan-briefs-hotel-owners-win-a-delay-on-razing-gambino-aide.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/15/archives/metropolitan-briefs.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/10/10/archives/conspiracy-charge-denied.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/15/archives/long-island-weekly-life-with-godfather-carlo-gambino-and-his.html

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2021/05/when-db-got-whacked-testimony-of.html

https://www.dmagazine.com/publications/d-magazine/2018/september/does-the-creator-of-the-cowboys-really-belong-in-the-hall-of-fame/

https://phillipcrawfordjr.medium.com/fbi-files-reflect-the-personal-life-of-mafia-boss-carlo-gambino-db161c0c03be

https://miamiherald.newspapers.com/article/121489674/the-miami-herald/



https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/24/archives/the-family-leader-used-an-effective-collegial-approach-a-gambino.html

==Zaffarano==
https://web.archive.org/web/20210822235744/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/01/archives/li-slaying-is-linked-to-mafia-inquiry-mob-pressure-one-man-indicted.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20180206114922/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/08/archives/police-raid-huge-smutfilm-operation.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20210504001459/https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/05/archives/sex-business-linked-to-alleged-mobster-zaffaranos-listing-name-as.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20210424105803/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/15/firm-run-by-fbi-breaks-national-smut-conspiracy/20e5c9d1-fabe-4779-ae04-0a3174f922d3/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207071041/https://apnews.com/article/0c1da07b024d7cc06d7275e7e72c707d

==DB==
<ref name="">[ ] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="El Sórdido Juicio Al Mafioso John Gotti">[https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-42782 El Sórdido Juicio Al Mafioso John Gotti] ''[[El Tiempo (Colombia)|El Tiemo]]'' (February 22, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220173650/https://www.eltiempo.com/archivo/documento/MAM-42782 |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.muckrock.com/foi/united-states-of-america-10/star-distributors-ltd-46454/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/06/13/The-third-trial-in-the-FBIs-Miporn-investigation-of/7758361252800/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221218210351/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-scarface-of-sex

https://web.archive.org/web/20210928203838/https://vansmith.me/tag/pornography/

https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg34912.html

http://www.lukeis back.com/essays/essays/mafia1.htm

https://www.lukeis back.com/essays/essays/mafia.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20230109232835/http://www.lukeis back.com/essays/essays/mafia1.htm

https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/706895?af=R&mobileUi=0

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y4H5u1NL2NoC&pg=PA1237&lpg=PA1237&dq=sam+decavalcante+pornography&source=bl&ots=IJfYU2T1jZ&sig=ACfU3U06DNjjakJmSBqJ0gPr1nWq-BTgHQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY4Pisz7v8AhXKi1wKHcloBg84FBDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=sam%20decavalcante%20pornography&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27475253/the-philadelphia-inquirer/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24994492/the-journal-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35673783/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491728006/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/492783790/

https://www.thesmokinggun.com/file/ordering-hit-mob-captain-robert-dibernardo

https://www.nytimes.com/2017/05/06/nyregion/richard-basciano-dead-show-world-owner-in-times-square.html

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2021/05/when-db-got-whacked-testimony-of.html

https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/manhattan/richard-basciano-nyc-ex-prince-porn-dead-92-article-1.3134639

https://www.pressreader.com/usa/new-york-daily-news/20170504/281732679390631

https://vansmith.me/2017/10/26/the-shy-pornographer-show-worlds-owner-may-be-times-squares-last-man-standing/

https://archive.org/stream/RobertDibernardo/Robert%20Dibernardo%2001_djvu.txt

https://gothamist.com/news/times-square-porn-shop-real-estate-king-richard-basciano-dies

https://gothamist.com/news/times-square-porn-shop-real-estate-king-richard-basciano-dies

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KdwREAAAQBAJ&pg=PT217&lpg=PT217&dq=robert+dibernardo+basciano&source=bl&ots=Of8f0Bhp28&sig=ACfU3U00kh36ITVJB79GKaip7tTmcqeQrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiC0KOLjJH9AhUoi_0HHY5MARk4ChDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=robert%20dibernardo%20basciano&f=false

https://www.nytimes.com/1975/10/13/archives/new-jersey-pages-pornographic-periodicals-tied-to-organized-crime.html

https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2014/05/al-goldstein-gets-a-final-filthy-send-off.html

https://www.rollingstone.com/tv-movies/tv-movie-recaps/deuce-recap-season-3-episode-2-morta-di-fame-883362/

http://www.mobcandymag.com/images/gallo_newpaper2.pdf

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19790819.1.80&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------

posthumously indicted<ref name="Court aide indicted">[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/21/us/court-aide-and-15-others-indicted-in-move-against-gambino-group.html Court aide and 15 others indicted in move against Gambino group] [[Selwyn Raab]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 21, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151130014835/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/21/us/court-aide-and-15-others-indicted-in-move-against-gambino-group.html |date=November 30, 2015 }}</ref>

https://archive.ph/pQXsC

https://archive.ph/4hyLv

https://archive.ph/UOjfY

https://archive.ph/5vSYa

==Sturman==
<ref name="Shy pornographers">[https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1976/5/3/the-shy-pornographers The shy pornographers] Doug Payne, ''[[Maclean's]]'' (May 3, 1976) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218203618/https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1976/5/3/the-shy-pornographers |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="It's not the dirty books">[https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1986/mar/13/cover-the-porn-peddlers/ It's not the dirty books, it's the peep shows] Jeannette DeWyze and Paul Krueger, ''[[San Diego Reader]]'' (March 13, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214035703/https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1986/mar/13/cover-the-porn-peddlers/ |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Organized Crime’s Role in Pornography">[https://apnews.com/article/db7e93ac76e44f4eb603d3dfc5368e56 Report Depicts Organized Crime’s Role in Pornography] Pete Yost, [[Associated Press]] (July 10, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218203140/https://apnews.com/article/db7e93ac76e44f4eb603d3dfc5368e56 |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Smut distributor charged">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/10/08/Reuben-Sturman-the-No-1-worldwide-distributor-of-smut/9758560664000/ No. 1 smut distributor charged] Myram Borders, [[United Press International]] (October 8, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/2VO8B |date=July 7, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Porn distributor in court">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/10/14/Worlds-No-1-porn-distributor-in-court/8531561182400/ World's No. 1 porn distributor in court] [[United Press International]] (October 14, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/ch0LK |date=July 7, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="No Heir Apparent">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-04-me-27-story.html No Heir Apparent for Toppled Porn King] John Johnson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 4, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218202845/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-12-04-me-27-story.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="From Porn King to Prison">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-31-me-7856-story.html From Porn King to Prison: Ex-Sherman Oaks Millionaire Faces 29 Years for Tax Evasion, Extortion] John Johnson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 31, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218202603/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1995-05-31-me-7856-story.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Empire of the Obscene">[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/03/10/empire-of-the-obscene Empire of the Obscene] Eric Schlosser, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' (March 2, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218201807/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2003/03/10/empire-of-the-obscene |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="One Weird Gig">[https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2007/aug/02/one-weird-gig/ One Weird Gig] Jay Allen Sandford, ''[[San Diego Reader]]'' (August 2, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214040056/https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2007/aug/02/one-weird-gig/ |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>



<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-02-13-me-539-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-12-14-me-1612-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-06-11-mn-365-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-10-20-me-2442-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-03-16-mn-27043-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-02-10-me-1255-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-10-19-mn-2882-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-10-09-mn-8616-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-10-20-me-2222-story.html

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-10-27-me-50246-story.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1985/06/29/us/6-in-alleged-smut-ring-face-us-tax-charges.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2003/05/11/books/notes-from-underground.html

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/155217494/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/104504354/

https://case.edu/ech/articles/s/sturman-reuben

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13409164/the-journal-news/

https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1995-01-05-9501040621-story,amp.html

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/177355004/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/177318475/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/291705585/

https://aadl.org/aa_news_19770710_pa1-sex_merchants_hustle_easy_profit

https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2015/07/notable_organized_crime_figure.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24994492/the-journal-news/

https://distributistreview.com/archive/market-moral-man

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19860711&id=rj5PAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NyQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4919,2288217&hl=en

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-sturman

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1997/10/30/deaths/19a5b6ff-b341-4195-b427-174a5df3a720/

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19790819.1.80&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------

http://www.excaliburfilms.com/pornucopia/godfatherofporn.htm

https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1997-10-31-1997304094-story.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_H8rvssxAsAC&pg=PA112&lpg=PA112&dq=reuben+sturman+newspapers.com&source=bl&ots=LTn5OUtzi0&sig=ACfU3U1eQjw44Ecwo5I4SUE0fAQBauwUGw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiKvuP9g4T8AhWBRsAKHY7cCM84FBDoAXoECBsQAw#v=onepage&q=reuben%20sturman%20newspapers.com&f=false

https://clevelandmagazine.com/in-the-cle/articles/notorious-cleveland-4

https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/dakotamn/latest/dakota_mn/0-0-0-3806

https://apnews.com/article/4dbd6cea4ff79dc95cde68da6d813d25

https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/CREC-1998-02-25/html/CREC-1998-02-25-pt1-PgE229-2.htm

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/1996/07/hard-core-republicans/

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2005-04-03-0503310453-story.html

https://www.catholicnewsagency.com/resource/56076/interview-with-roger-young-a-retired-fbi-agent-who-specialized-in-child-pornography-and-obscenity-cases

https://newspaperarchive.com/yuma-sun-jun-30-1985-p-11/

https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-scarface-of-sex

https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1313&context=dignity

https://www.kotaku.com.au/2021/09/porno-hustlers-of-the-atari-age/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=DJtDSjG8BYQC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=reuben+sturman+newspapers.com&source=bl&ots=VK655AMDb8&sig=ACfU3U0tWUYDC9-kMbv1XcqSf9-04AboUg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnjff1hYT8AhXYEcAKHbM2DLE4MhDoAXoECBsQAw#v=onepage&q=reuben%20sturman%20newspapers.com&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PaswDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=reuben+sturman+newspapers.com&source=bl&ots=-f2OTc2seK&sig=ACfU3U3aYzExdJl0luf_Gx0K-Fa_ExaVfg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjnjff1hYT8AhXYEcAKHbM2DLE4MhDoAXoECBwQAw#v=onepage&q=reuben%20sturman%20newspapers.com&f=false

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/san-franciscos-tenderloin_b_534552

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/111070NCJRS.pdf

==MP==
<ref name="Area Porn Distributor Indicted">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/15/area-porn-distributor-indicted/c2647b5e-56a9-4727-9884-61565ce6f15d/ Area Porn Distributor Indicted] Eugene Meyer, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (February 15, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708190433/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1980/02/15/area-porn-distributor-indicted/c2647b5e-56a9-4727-9884-61565ce6f15d/ |date=June 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="FBI tags four">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/205857290/ FBI tags four in porno 'sting'] Margaret Gentry, ''[[Battle Creek Enquirer]]'' (February 15, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708193236/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/205857290/ |date=July 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mob violence expected">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/119924560/muncie-evening-press/ Mob violence expected after porn czar's death] Jack Anderson, ''[[Muncie Evening Press]]'' (February 28, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708190156/https://www.newspapers.com/article/119924560/muncie-evening-press/ |date=June 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Pornography foe">[https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth840909/m1/11/ Pornography foe says FBI fighting smut new way] ''South Texas Catholic'' (February 29, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708193726/https://texashistory.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metapth840909/m1/11/ |date=July 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Films awful, jury told">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/125146742/ Films awful, jury told] ''[[Florida Today]]'' (May 24, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708192927/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/125146742/ |date=July 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="FBI dismisses agent">[https://newspaperarchive.com/fort-walton-beach-playground-daily-news-may-15-1982-p-10/ FBI dismisses Miporn agent] ''[[Playground Daily News]]'' (May 15, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708192501/https://newspaperarchive.com/fort-walton-beach-playground-daily-news-may-15-1982-p-10/ |date=July 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. DiBernardo">[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1526052/united-states-v-dibernardo/ United States of America v. Robert "Debe" DiBernardo] [[CourtListener]] (December 20, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101180345/https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/1526052/united-states-v-dibernardo/ |date=January 1, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Sexploitation Film">[https://www.therialtoreport.com/2019/06/09/robert-dibernardo/ The Sexploitation Film Made on a Desert Island in New York City] [[The Rialto Report]] (June 9, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708195123/https://www.therialtoreport.com/2019/06/09/robert-dibernardo/ |date=June 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Declassified">[https://www.therialtoreport.com/2020/08/02/deep-throat-2/ Declassified! FBI Deep Throat Files: Anatomy of an Investigation] [[The Rialto Report]] (August 2, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230708194643/https://www.therialtoreport.com/2020/08/02/deep-throat-2/ |date=June 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Myths for the Twentieth Century">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=u4sxcPfU9ycC&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=miporn+newspapers.com&source=bl&ots=cciVqusD3X&sig=ACfU3U23auBq6Wt1-pF3Tvom6WWS1H34lw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj2wubf5P__AhVMUaQEHbUpBbkQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=miporn%20newspapers.com&f=false
|author=Robert J. Stoller|isbn=9780300050929|title=Porn: Myths for the Twentieth Century|date=1991|publisher=Yale University Press}}</ref>

<ref name="Rise of the Mafia">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jyCtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT227&lpg=PT227&dq=miporn+newspapers.com&source=bl&ots=V7K9984mt2&sig=ACfU3U0sFTaA5xlp6JdCPbC0Eq-KNCB7LA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjRqZGW5___AhWRQ6QEHaSGAkc4ChDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=miporn%20newspapers.com&f=false|author=Martin Short|isbn=9781844547791|title=The Rise of the Mafia|date=2009|publisher=John Blake}}</ref>

<ref name="Coyote's Bicycle">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hABtCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT165&lpg=PT165&dq=miporn+nytimes&source=bl&ots=Zch3N0L5cm&sig=ACfU3U1NBEmi5di7Z6BL2RPXjqVyWzzhkg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwwsGh8v__AhU9dqQEHX58BIkQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=miporn%20nytimes&f=false|author=Kimball Taylor|isbn=9781941040621|title=The Coyote's Bicycle: The Untold Story of 7,000 Bicycles and the Rise of a Borderland Empire|date=2016|publisher=Tin House Books}}</ref>

<ref name="Smutty Little Movies">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PaswDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA264&lpg=PA264&dq=fbi+miporn+latimes&source=bl&ots=-f3VY73nhR&sig=ACfU3U1931ExZXqJYEv7VJoz3qUO-1lVww&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI25ee9v__AhU6XaQEHT3VCI0Q6AF6BAghEAM#v=onepage&q=fbi%20miporn%20latimes&f=false|author=Peter Alilunas|isbn=9780520291713|title=Smutty Little Movies: The Creation and Regulation of Adult Video|date=2016|publisher=University of California Press}}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=41-lEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA95&lpg=PA95&dq=patrick+livingston+fbi&source=bl&ots=_3E6P_jB_v&sig=ACfU3U0f5ufm1Pp7uuOM4Vd2pOFl6rjJHQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXv7yut6uAAxXjWEEAHUHQD9o4ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=patrick%20livingston%20fbi&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RMrQCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA31&lpg=PA31&dq=patrick+livingston+fbi&source=bl&ots=Q7ru0-dbQ5&sig=ACfU3U1R7TCL9MdE0BNWj-jBUMk2ENE3UQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiXv7yut6uAAxXjWEEAHUHQD9o4ChDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=patrick%20livingston%20fbi&f=false

<ref name="">{{Cite book|url=|author=|isbn=|title=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

<ref name="">{{Cite book|url=|author=|isbn=|title=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

<ref name="">{{Cite book|url=|author=|isbn=|title=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

https://www.nytimes.com/1981/09/13/magazine/the-tv-pornography-boom.html

https://www.salon.com/2005/03/12/porn_11/

https://vault.fbi.gov/miami-pornography-undercover-investigation-miporn

https://web.archive.org/web/20200117001902/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,922889,00.html

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/05/14/The-key-FBI-undercover-agent-in-a-two-year-pornography/7895390196800/

==Barger==
https://archive.ph/tZuTi

https://archive.ph/6ORg7

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6EVV980kkbsC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=enis+crnic+cleveland&source=bl&ots=7tbyBO1Cd6&sig=ACfU3U3Zbh7YGeOBipnHVp3dmOd4cgbzag&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii-MTkv7bpAhXmShUIHVq0DFsQ6AEwCHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=enis%20crnic%20cleveland&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Angels_Do_Not_Forget_2nd_Edition.html?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

<ref>{{Cite book|url=|title=|isbn=|last1=|first1=|date=|quote=}}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1963/8/24/the-mafia-in-canada

https://numerique.banq.qc.ca/patrimoine/details/52327/3261466

<ref name="Casualty in mob conflict">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-08-19-8502030656-story.html Officials: man was casualty in mob conflict] M. Anthony Lednovich, ''[[Sun-Sentinel]]'' (19 August 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/JGhW1 |date=9 December 2022}}</ref>

https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/ross-v-state-no-889187573

<ref name="Hugh McGurnaghan">[http://geocities.com/wiseguywally/PatrickHughMcGurnaghan.html Hugh "Hughie" McGurnaghan] geocities.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091022120249/http://geocities.com/wiseguywally/PatrickHughMcGurnaghan.html |date=22 October 2009 }}</ref>

https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/hells-angels-forever#additional-details-0

In the 1980's the Hells Angels required that new club chapters have permanent members with expertise in profitable criminal activities.<ref name=Hamilton">[https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/bonds-brotherhood-origin-and-growth-outlaw-motorcycle-gangs Bonds of Brotherhood: The Origin and Growth of Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Heather Hamilton, [[Office of Justice Programs]] (2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/KRz8r |date=December 8, 2022 }}</ref

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m3xBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT104&lpg=PT104&dq=paul+ingalls+omaha+hells+angels+1968&source=bl&ots=ABcJlWLPFf&sig=ACfU3U3BCC9nOULgz-_TziJ4cQLaaPQXJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj70cTR7Or7AhVW8bsIHVtjDBsQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=paul%20ingalls%20omaha%20hells%20angels%201968&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA36&lpg=PA36&dq=paul+ingalls+omaha+hells+angels+1968&source=bl&ots=gMKSmvS3jm&sig=ACfU3U3lLJOYnzixzjuAfSuMrU8LlL5OlA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj70cTR7Or7AhVW8bsIHVtjDBsQ6AF6BAgkEAM#v=onepage&q=paul%20ingalls%20omaha%20hells%20angels%201968&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA28&lpg=PA28&dq=paul+ingalls+omaha+hells+angels+1968&source=bl&ots=30b5xIT5Jy&sig=ACfU3U1hG__GyUv7XfIoBual-7iok1RY1w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj70cTR7Or7AhVW8bsIHVtjDBsQ6AF6BAgmEAM#v=onepage&q=paul%20ingalls%20omaha%20hells%20angels%201968&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m3xBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT104&lpg=PT104&dq=paul+ingalls+omaha+hells+angels+1968&source=bl&ots=ABcJlWLPFf&sig=ACfU3U3BCC9nOULgz-_TziJ4cQLaaPQXJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj70cTR7Or7AhVW8bsIHVtjDBsQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=paul%20ingalls%20omaha%20hells%20angels%201968&f=false




https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT91&lpg=PT91&dq=yves+trudeau+Jean-Marie+Viel&source=bl&ots=YXCeBwGbgj&sig=ACfU3U3oVBMLjy4zPD392QX3WXS5ee1_-w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLsu7IxOr7AhWLasAKHf9HCfU4FBDoAXoECBcQAw#v=onepage&q=yves%20trudeau%20Jean-Marie%20Viel&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT125&lpg=PT125&dq=yves+trudeau+Jean-Marie+Viel&source=bl&ots=IUpwJgMJw_&sig=ACfU3U0DBd_-vxuDk8rVQzpUeU4hsfMVuA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLsu7IxOr7AhWLasAKHf9HCfU4FBDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=yves%20trudeau%20Jean-Marie%20Viel&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT27&lpg=PT27&dq=yves+trudeau+Jean-Marie+Viel&source=bl&ots=l67KsPNXkf&sig=ACfU3U2TzuUWBPC6tf7i_jIqfwbsEMcXCA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLsu7IxOr7AhWLasAKHf9HCfU4FBDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=yves%20trudeau%20Jean-Marie%20Viel&f=false

<ref name="Police raid clubhouse in San Bernardino">[https://www.sbsun.com/2015/02/11/police-raid-hells-angels-clubhouse-in-san-bernardino/ Police raid Hells Angels clubhouse in San Bernardino] Doug Sanders, ''[[The San Bernardino Sun]]'' (February 11, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205230314/https://www.sbsun.com/2015/02/11/police-raid-hells-angels-clubhouse-in-san-bernardino/ |date=December 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA35&lpg=PA35&dq=hells+angels+sacramento+1957&source=bl&ots=gMKTlAY3nn&sig=ACfU3U2Dz2vYl77MwUSujmTcQxJwHTcLhg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiolNmV1ob8AhVRTcAKHQt9BR84ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20sacramento%201957&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA25&lpg=PA25&dq=hells+angels+sacramento+1957&source=bl&ots=30b6wNZ5Nz&sig=ACfU3U1U5bimRFIN82t7WsqGJPECX3kCKQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiolNmV1ob8AhVRTcAKHQt9BR84ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20sacramento%201957&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=43vZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT60&lpg=PT60&dq=sonny+barger+paul+german+ingalls&source=bl&ots=7r03vDfs0t&sig=ACfU3U3hiITag7_dawg6zWe28hWFeKpvsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz4fjvwob8AhWahFwKHfpNDOg4ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=sonny%20barger%20paul%20german%20ingalls&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20221218194616/https://www.police1.com/gangs/articles/12-arrested-drugs-weapons-seized-in-gang-raids-ywe9IW4JM7ELiOLo/

https://www.justice.gov/usao/pressreleases?sort=title&order=desc&keys=hells%20angels&items_per_page=50

https://www.facebook.com/GangsterFiles/photos/pcb.207772227676216/207772187676220/?type=3&theater

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/592603/hells-angels-verdicts/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6892264/hells-angels-sonny-barger-skull-on/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38558740/dope-raid-hells-angels/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32917040/hells-angels-69god-forgives-i/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29775937/arrested/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1412057/the-times/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15098664/more-on-ralph-sonny-barger/

https://www.mercurynews.com/2008/07/22/hells-angels-leaders-four-others-arrested-in-east-bay-pot-raids/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22036725/albany-democrat-herald/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31062799/story/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30783986/2002/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33765777/hells-angels-phoenix/

https://www.newspapers.com/profile/kaonuipua/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13090307/the-facts/

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.obituaries/c/jeXh2k4PSnk

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207183253/https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/30/us/sonny-barger-dead-hells-angels.html

Barger and Tait
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=Aristeo+Carbajal+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=LVSaY_uPhU&sig=ACfU3U1aTpx-u5qyVLT1t0y7Gq6YMJ8Zug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQqK3czuH-AhUK7bsIHbe3BaAQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Aristeo%20Carbajal%20hells%20angels&f=false

<ref name="Obituary">[https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/17/sonny-barger-obituary Sonny Barger obituary] Michael Carlson, ''[[The Guardian]]'' (July 17, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208194440/https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/jul/17/sonny-barger-obituary |date=December 8, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Sonny Barger dies">[https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/sonny-barger-figurehead-of-hells-angels-dies-at-83/ Sonny Barger, figurehead of Hells Angels, dies at 83] ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (June 30, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208195259/https://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/sonny-barger-figurehead-of-hells-angels-dies-at-83/ |date=December 8, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Deaths of two Hells Angels patriarchs">[https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/07/17/how-the-deaths-of-two-hells-angels-patriarchs-point-to-generational-change-inside-the-outlaw-gang.html How the deaths of two Hells Angels patriarchs point to generational change inside the outlaw gang] Peter Edwards, ''[[Toronto Star]]'' (July 17, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220718212028/https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2022/07/17/how-the-deaths-of-two-hells-angels-patriarchs-point-to-generational-change-inside-the-outlaw-gang.html |date=July 24, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Born to raise Hell">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/873831.stm?storyLink=%23 Born to raise Hell] [[BBC]] (August 14, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128230053/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/873831.stm?storyLink=%23 |date=December 4, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Interview with Barger">[https://www.nypress.com/news/hells-angel-an-interview-with-sonny-barger-LBNP1020000530305309979 Hell's Angel: An Interview with Sonny Barger] John Strausbaugh and Don Gilbert, ''[[New York Press]]'' (16 February 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128223754/https://www.nypress.com/news/hells-angel-an-interview-with-sonny-barger-LBNP1020000530305309979 |date=December 4, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/592603/hells-angels-verdicts/

<ref name="U.S. payment">[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/13/us/hells-angels-lose-plea-over-us-payment-to-witness.html Hells Angels lose plea over U.S. payment to witness] Wayne King, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 13, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128212818/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/13/us/hells-angels-lose-plea-over-us-payment-to-witness.html |date=November 28, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mistrial Declared">[http://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/25/us/around-the-nation-mistrial-declared-on-coast-in-2d-trial-of-hells-angels.html Mistrial Declared on Coast In 2d Trial of Hells Angels] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 25, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150524083303/http://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/25/us/around-the-nation-mistrial-declared-on-coast-in-2d-trial-of-hells-angels.html |date=May 24, 2015}}</ref>

<ref name="Prosecution dropped">[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/26/us/prosecution-of-hells-angels-is-dropped-after-2d-mistrial.html Prosecution of Hells Angels is dropped after 2d mistrial] (February 26, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128212518/https://www.nytimes.com/1981/02/26/us/prosecution-of-hells-angels-is-dropped-after-2d-mistrial.html |date=November 28, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angel Denied Bail">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221208233355/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-19-mn-22561-story.html Hells Angel in Drug Case Is Denied Bail] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (November 19, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208233355/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-19-mn-22561-story.html |date=December 8, 2022 }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=hells+angels+declared+war+on+the+outlaws+rochester+november+1978&source=bl&ots=6tlfiBi0oX&sig=ACfU3U1ZZzp09EaFGPUXrxVUrWwUywILXQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8wPqStqf7AhVS_rsIHSVDBGYQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20declared%20war%20on%20the%20outlaws%20rochester%20november%201978&f=false

https://shows.cadence13.com/static/img/relative-unknown/extras/Motorcycle-Brawl-Plain-Dealer-08-MAR-1971.pdf

<ref name="Wives of Hells Angels members lose bid">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/03/23/The-wives-of-three-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-club-members/7696448866000/ Wives of Hells Angels members lose bid to sue Playboy Magazine] [[United Press International]] (March 23, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/5t1PU#selection-479.5-479.100 |date=November 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker Barger Brings Beer Brand">[https://www.prweb.com/releases/2006/03/prweb355932.htm Biker Legend Sonny Barger Brings His Own Beer Brand to Arizona] [[prwb.com]] (March 9, 2006) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/UDhen |date=November 27, 2022 }}</ref>

launched his own condiment line, "Sonny Barger’s Cajun-Style Salsa".

<ref name="Maximum leader"/>

<ref name="Early Struggles of the RICO Statute">[https://cafe.com/article/they-are-not-club-activities-the-hells-angels-and-the-early-struggles-of-the-rico-statute/ ‘They Are Not Club Activities’: The Hell’s Angels and the Early Struggles of the RICO Statute] David Kurlander, [[CAFE.com]] (November 11, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221128204845/https://cafe.com/article/they-are-not-club-activities-the-hells-angels-and-the-early-struggles-of-the-rico-statute/ |date=November 28, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="The U.S. v. the Bikers">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/10/26/the-us-v-the-bikers/72d4936e-c809-448d-a7fc-59f904953696/ The U.S. v. the Bikers] Cynthia Gorney, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (October 26, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/LDxMx#selection-683.0-746.0 |date=November 28, 2022 }}</ref>



https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/2013/02/13/us/hellsangels-timeline.html#/#time235_7132

<ref name="Murder charge dismissed">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5802396/the-courier-journal/ Murder charge in '86 shooting is dismissed] Cary B. Willis, ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' (February 5, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/OCqXi |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Men sought killer">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6454001/webb-shooting/ Men sought killer of fellow biker, witness says] Deborah Yetter, ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' (July 28, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Hc5xU |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker denies feud">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5803652/the-courier-journal/ Biker denies feud between Outlaws, Hells Angels led to shooting death] Deborah Yetter, ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' (July 15, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/jb6OR |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="...">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/110960840/ ...] ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' (November 11, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/ov8cR |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Security at courthouse tightened">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/110588113/ Security at courthouse in Louisville tightened up for Hells Angels' trial] Deborah Yetter, ''[[The Courier-Journal]]'' (July 12, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/R9Rog |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.plainsite.org/dockets/csm45hnw/court-of-appeals-for-the-sixth-circuit/united-states-v-michael-vincent-ofarrell/

"gangster era"<ref name="Fearsome leader">[https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Sonny-Barger-fearsome-leader-of-the-Oakland-17277034.php Sonny Barger, fearsome leader of the Oakland Hells Angels, dies at 83] Sam Whiting, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (June 30, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221110210730/https://www.sfchronicle.com/bayarea/article/Sonny-Barger-fearsome-leader-of-the-Oakland-17277034.php |date=November 10, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell's Aged Angel">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2000/08/09/hells-aged-angel/4489a3e6-70e1-4d97-8024-775e3159de17/ Hell's Aged Angel] Peter Carlson, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (August 9, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/7sibj#selection-683.0-746.0 |date=November 11, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="An angel at my table">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/people/profiles/an-angel-at-my-table-696680.html An angel at my table] Deborah Ross, ''[[The Independent]]'' (August 14, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/1i2rG#selection-1351.0-1354.0 |date=November 11, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Case Against Harley's Angels">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/10/26/the-case-against-harleys-angels/c58e8ea6-8fcf-49c1-b6b8-b3ee5f62ccf3/ The Case Against Harley's Angels] Cynthia Gorney, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (October 26, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/RD8N1#selection-765.0-765.16 |date=November 13, 2022}}</ref>

https://www.pressreader.com/uk/daily-mail/20220701/281870122131626

https://www.salon.com/2000/07/10/barger/
https://web.archive.org/web/20221123204358/https://www.salon.com/2000/07/10/barger/



<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41093324/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://billingsgazette.com/news/local/billings-woman-tells-of-trouble-with-federal-witness-protection-program/article_e634a7fe-df2d-11df-9af7-001cc4c002e0.html / https://archive.ph/rZTon

=== Bibliography ===
*{{cite book |last=Langton |first=Jerry |title=Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets |location=Toronto |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-0470678787}}


<ref name="Wild Ones">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/04/03/wild-ones-of-yore-get-new-image-organized-crime-on-wheels/1ac284a0-0674-418f-9ac3-507672ce7498/ 'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels] Mary Thornton, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (April 3, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/lZ2sF#selection-683.0-746.0 |date=November 13, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="When I Left the Hells Angels">[https://www.vice.com/en/article/qbnk85/george-christie-leaving-hells-angels What Happened When I Left the Hells Angels] Seth Ferranti, ''[[]Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' (August 30, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113232258/https://www.vice.com/en/article/qbnk85/george-christie-leaving-hells-angels |date=November 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels boss was a fraud">[https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/ex-hells-angels-boss-sonny-barger-wife-beating-fraud-new-book-article-1.2796293 Former Hells Angels boss Sonny Barger was a fraud who beat his wife and 14-year-old stepdaughter, ex-gangster George Christie writes in 'Exile on Front Street' tell-all] Sherryl Connelly, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (September 17, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/JXvZl |date=November 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Honcho was a pig">[https://www.pressreader.com/usa/national-enquirer/20220725/281938841621989 Hells Angels hog honcho was a pig!] ''[[National Enquirer]]'' (July 25, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221113232914/https://www.pressreader.com/usa/national-enquirer/20220725/281938841621989 |date=November 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="On the Wild Side">[https://www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/29/specials/thompson-angels.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=leo%20e%20litwak&st=cse/ On the Wild Side] Leo E. Litwak, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 29, 1967) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115195938/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/11/29/specials/thompson-angels.html?_r=1&scp=4&sq=leo%2520e%2520litwak&st=cse/ |date=November 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Tramps motorcycle club">[https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/tramps-motorcycle-club-puppets-of-hells-angels-police-20130609-2ny7y.html Tramps motorcycle club 'puppets' of Hells Angels: police] Dan Oakes, ''[[The Age]]'' (10 June 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/IoGzf#selection-2611.0-2622.0 |date=15 November 2022 }}</ref>


<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lCefDIwDruQC&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=scorpio+hells+angels+gangs+tony+thompson&source=bl&ots=Tmjb2Tb_da&sig=ACfU3U0X0PbqTqaPveHPON-nYaEVJ-igUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwvOGxy677AhVKQUEAHQ9WBmg4FBDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=scorpio%20hells%20angels%20gangs%20tony%20thompson&f=false |title=Gangland Britain: Inside Britain's most dangerous gangs |author=Tony Thompson |page= |date=4 July 1996 |access-date=17 November 2022|isbn=9780340608241 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels’ devilish business">[https://fortune.com/2012/12/02/the-hells-angels-devilish-business-fortune-1992/ The Hells Angels’ devilish business] Andrew E. Serwer, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' (November 30, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/I3I2Y#selection-475.0-475.35 |date=October 13, 2020 }}</ref>

===UK===
<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/inside-the-biker-gangs-the-truth-about-guns-drugs-and-organised-crime-28492893.html
https://www.theguardian.com/uk/shortcuts/2013/jan/08/guide-motorbike-gangs-uk
https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/214329657.pdf

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Biker_Gangs_and_Transnational_Organized/LXzZBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=satans+slaves&pg=PA198&printsec=frontcover

<ref name="Man threatened">[https://metro.co.uk/2017/11/23/man-threatened-to-lie-victim-was-a-paedophile-to-get-him-beaten-up-by-satan-slaves-biker-gang-7103123/ Man threatened to lie victim was a paedophile to get him beaten up by ‘Satan slaves’ biker gang] Jimmy Nsubuga, ''[[Metro (British newspaper)|Metro]]'' (23 November 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221130165350/https://metro.co.uk/2017/11/23/man-threatened-to-lie-victim-was-a-paedophile-to-get-him-beaten-up-by-satan-slaves-biker-gang-7103123/ |date=30 November 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.maximumrocknroll.com/from-the-vaults-convulsions/

https://www.google.com/books/edition/Biker_Gangs_and_Transnational_Organized/LXzZBAAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=satans+slaves&pg=PA198&printsec=frontcover

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Introducing+securiwars+new+recruit+..a+thug+with+666+etched+on+his...-a0103894794

https://archive.org/details/TheGuardian1984UKEnglish/Dec%2001%201984%2C%20The%20Guardian%2C%20%23380%2C%20UK%20%28en%29/page/n15/mode/2up

https://m.facebook.com/148265368558530/photos/a.148512428533824/148512435200490/?type=3&source=43&refid=56

https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/faces-biker-gang-members-who-7875220?int_source=nba

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>


<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>




<ref>[https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106994/1/WRAP_Theses_Harris_1986.pdf Myth and Reality in the Motorcycle Subculture] p. 123, Ian Richard Harris, [[University of Warwick]] (1986)</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/259462766/

https://archive.bookfrom.net/thompson-tony/page,9,249042-outlaws_inside_the_violent_world_of_biker_gangs.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT71&lpg=PT71&dq=road+rats+tony+thompson+gangs&source=bl&ots=YXBnDAHhfm&sig=ACfU3U2vaRtpqS3sjuvec20z_Z86e__2Pg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTnrGku9T7AhXJgP0HHYwVDPQ4ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=road%20rats%20tony%20thompson%20gangs&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sUZdmDmu_78C&pg=PT153&lpg=PT153&dq=road+rats+tony+thompson+gangs&source=bl&ots=wYP6qXQtBC&sig=ACfU3U2nwfK5bFPCt3HJ351OAuLmX7sWNg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiTnrGku9T7AhXJgP0HHYwVDPQ4ChDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=road%20rats%20tony%20thompson%20gangs&f=false


https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT42&lpg=PT42&dq=scorpio+hells+angels+gangs+tony+thompson&source=bl&ots=YXBmAAGdjf&sig=ACfU3U3ByURgs6G6kdmee0dxnv4MYkdWjQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifhOiny677AhVQOMAKHZ6WAlc4ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=scorpio%20hells%20angels%20gangs%20tony%20thompson&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lCefDIwDruQC&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=scorpio+hells+angels+gangs+tony+thompson&source=bl&ots=Tmjb2Tb_da&sig=ACfU3U0X0PbqTqaPveHPON-nYaEVJ-igUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwvOGxy677AhVKQUEAHQ9WBmg4FBDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=scorpio%20hells%20angels%20gangs%20tony%20thompson&f=false

<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=sUZdmDmu_78C&pg=PT164&lpg=PT164&dq=Richard+%27Stitch%27+Anderton+outcast&source=bl&ots=wYP5rSPmxw&sig=ACfU3U3NT4NmhG4cy8qhqmrQpe8GEoMBgw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifsJXg4bj7AhVRiFwKHbOOALMQ6AF6BAhGEAM#v=onepage&q=Richard%20'Stitch'%20Anderton%20outcast&f=false |title=Gangs: A Journey into the Heart of the British Underworld |author=Tony Thompson |page= |date=June 8, 2009 |access-date=January 9, 2017|isbn=9781848940543 }}</ref>

<ref name="Inside the biker gangs">[https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/inside-the-biker-gangs-the-truth-about-guns-drugs-and-organised-crime-28492893.html Inside the biker gangs: the truth about guns, drugs and organised crime] ''[[Belfast Telegraph]]'' (4 July 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115195758/https://www.belfasttelegraph.co.uk/life/inside-the-biker-gangs-the-truth-about-guns-drugs-and-organised-crime-28492893.html |date=15 November 2022 }}</ref>

There are approximately 2,000 members of outlaw motorcycle clubs in the United Kingdom. The largest clubs include the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]], with 200 members and 14 chapters in England and Wales; the [[Blue Angels Motorcycle Club|Blue Angels]], with 200 members in Scotland and England; the [[Satans Slaves Motorcycle Club|Satans Slaves]], with 200 members, mostly based in Scotland and the north of England; the Outcasts, with 150 members, mostly in [[London]] and [[East Anglia]]; and the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]], with 150 members and 7 chapters.<ref name="Riders on the storm">[https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/feb/13/weekend7.weekend5 Riders on the storm] ''[[The Guardian]]'' (12 February 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115195042/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/1999/feb/13/weekend7.weekend5 |date=15 November 2022 }}</ref><ref name="No Angels">[https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/no-angels-2469803 No Angels] Gavin Madely, ''[[The Scotsman]]'' (28 August 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221115211414/https://www.scotsman.com/news/people/no-angels-2469803 |date=15 November 2022 }}</ref> The [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]] have chapters in the [[Channel Islands]] of [[Jersey]] and [[Guernsey]].<ref name="No Angels"/> The Blue Angels, founded in 1963, are the oldest outlaw biker club in Europe.<ref name="No Angels"/>

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/hells-angels-lead-royal-parade-in-land-of-hope-and-harleys/article4135767/

http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/2013067.stm

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1394119/A-Hells-Angel-by-royal-appointment.html

https://www.pressreader.com/uk/scottish-daily-mail/20200222/282252372553563

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227418458_Crimes_of_the_Big_Four_motorcycle_gangs

<ref name="R v. Howson">[https://vlex.co.uk/vid/r-v-howson-793856193 R v. Howson] vlex.co.uk (3 July 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221116224203/https://vlex.co.uk/vid/r-v-howson-793856193 |date=16 November 1986 }}</ref>

http://bufvc.ac.uk/tvandradio/lbc/index.php/segment/0006400125006

https://files.libcom.org/files/deadly-silence.pdf

https://irr.org.uk/app/uploads/2017/05/no.6.pdf

https://edmontonjournal.com/news/crime/never-ending-war-how-alberta-is-cracking-down-on-the-hells-angels-and-the-outlaw-biker-gangs-that-support-them

https://web.archive.org/web/20221118221221/https://www.policemag.com/373759/hells-angels-taking-away-their-toys

http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/documents/pdf/organized_crime_on_wheels.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20221116000211/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,916827,00.html

https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/hells-hath-no-fury-biker-gang-scorned-article-1.2233588

https://704shop.com/blogs/fact-friday/fact-friday-174-the-outlaws-motorcycle-gang-massacre

https://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/106994/1/WRAP_Theses_Harris_1986.pdf

https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-03/ti621_organisational_structure_social_networks_and_criminal_activities_of_omg.pdf

http://www.erasmuslawreview.nl/tijdschrift/ELR/2016/3/ELR_2016_09_03_002

===Iceland===
https://www.visir.is/g/2014140219809/logreglan-ad-sigra-velhjolagengin?q=hells%20angels


<ref name="Reykjavík murder">[https://icelandmag.is/article/what-we-know-attackers-reykjavik-underworld-murder What we know of the attackers in the Reykjavík underworld murder] icelandmag.is (9 June 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121225030/https://icelandmag.is/article/what-we-know-attackers-reykjavik-underworld-murder |date=21 November 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Organized Crime in Iceland">[https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2017/10/26/organized_crime_and_prostitution_on_the_rise_in_ice/ Organized Crime and Prostitution on the rise in Iceland] [[Iceland Monitor]] (26 October 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121225644/https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2017/10/26/organized_crime_and_prostitution_on_the_rise_in_ice/ |date=21 November 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell’s Angels Expelled">[https://www.icelandreview.com/society/hells-angels-expelled-from-iceland/#:~:text=The%20Hell%27s%20Angels%20are%20one,gathering%20in%20the%20capital%20area. Hell’s Angels Expelled from Iceland] Larissa Kyzer, ''[[Iceland Review]]'' (12 November 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121224304/https://www.icelandreview.com/society/hells-angels-expelled-from-iceland/ |date=21 November 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Criminality in Iceland">[https://ocindex.net/country/iceland Criminality in Iceland] () {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221121232047/https://ocindex.net/country/iceland |date=21 November 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/news/2021/10/13/bandidos_motorcycle_club_operates_in_iceland/

===Denmark===
https://nord.news/2020/12/19/party-in-rock-club-was-revealed-34-guests-expelled/

https://nord.news/2021/04/02/media-very-few-convicts-in-gang-cases-have-an-ethnic-danish-background/

https://nord.news/2021/03/10/gang-member-is-jailed-for-shooting-at-rockers-house/

https://nord.news/2020/09/01/the-band-loyal-to-familia-is-back-in-growth-despite-the-ban/

===Finland===
https://nord.news/2020/10/30/police-attack-on-hells-angels-headquarters-in-lahti-and-lappeenranta-several-detainees-drugs-weapons-and-explosives-confiscated/

https://nord.news/2021/04/08/long-prison-sentences-for-leaders-in-a-massive-drug-case/

==Bowman==
https://archive.ph/x0SAU



https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64799529/taco/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9162279/detroit-free-press/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=wLNZ10G5B4sC&pg=PA49&lpg=PA49&dq=harry+bowman+america%27s+most+wanted&source=bl&ots=bCt9k83nPl&sig=ACfU3U1YzBwFTIPxM-occWYGrFPTwftbLA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBo-CNjub7AhUthP0HHXxtDFI4HhDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=harry%20bowman%20america's%20most%20wanted&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uSWq0GaoMfYC&pg=PA106&lpg=PA106&dq=harry+bowman+america%27s+most+wanted&source=bl&ots=aZWB5x7ItY&sig=ACfU3U1ibOvfmxraACTWxJof4EKCJQL2RA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiBo-CNjub7AhUthP0HHXxtDFI4HhDoAXoECBcQAw#v=onepage&q=harry%20bowman%20america's%20most%20wanted&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&lpg=PT146&dq=wayne+hicks+outlaw&source=bl&ots=IUoBNjPQs-&sig=ACfU3U2Cz4Cxtdh1pPNUeMrGIyNjrdbSLA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAh-LQ0eX6AhWKQEEAHWMHBCw4ChDoAXoECBQQAw#v=onepage&q=wayne%20hicks%20outlaw&f=false

<ref>[https://www.toledoblade.com/news/Police-Fire/2002/10/26/Man-sought-in-east-side-bar-death/stories/200210260005 Man sought in east side bar death] Robin Erb, ''[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Blade]]'' (October 26, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106223723/https://www.toledoblade.com/news/Police-Fire/2002/10/26/Man-sought-in-east-side-bar-death/stories/200210260005 |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26971010/tallahassee-democrat/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/800/100/271360/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230819015635/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/08/22/informer-testifies-on-bikers-bombings-battles/

<ref>[https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/08/17/outlaws-leader-faces-racketeering-murder-charges/28761317007/ Outlaws leader faces racketeering, murder charges] Vickie Chachere, ''[[Sarasota Herald-Tribune]]'' (August 17, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106215458/https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/2003/08/17/outlaws-leader-faces-racketeering-murder-charges/28761317007/ |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.gainesville.com/story/news/2003/08/18/around-the-region/31643004007/ Around the Region] ''[[The Gainesville Sun]]'' (August 18, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106222518/https://www.gainesville.com/story/news/2003/08/18/around-the-region/31643004007/ |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.starnewsonline.com/story/news/2003/08/18/outlaw-leader-is-facing-charges/30522131007/ ‘Outlaw’ leader is facing charges] Vickie Chachere, ''[[Star-News]]'' (August 18, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/CaQ98#selection-413.0-416.0 |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/87affaa1fbe9b11e0df187da790247d3 Outlaws Motorcycle Gang Leader Convicted] Vickie Chachere, [[Associated Press]] (September 30, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106224525/https://apnews.com/article/87affaa1fbe9b11e0df187da790247d3 |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://eu.ocala.com/story/news/2004/01/31/outlaws-gang-leader-gets-prison-sentence/31296533007/ Outlaws gang leader gets prison sentence] Vickie Chachere, ''[[Star–Banner]]'' (January 30, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016205011/https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2004/01/31/outlaws-gang-leader-gets-prison-sentence/31296533007/ |date=October 16, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.wrtv.com/news/coronavirus/prisoner-dies-of-covid-19-at-federal-prison-in-terre-haute Prisoner dies of COVID-19 at federal prison in Terre Haute] Bob Blake, [[WRTV]] (December 8, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106225739/https://www.wrtv.com/news/coronavirus/prisoner-dies-of-covid-19-at-federal-prison-in-terre-haute |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA69&lpg=PA69&dq=taco+bowman+george+christie&source=bl&ots=w-tLPvszM9&sig=ACfU3U2h1m4QaWZm6dOlt2Wl5pf-hC2j1w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwja0aC206H6AhUbQkEAHWa8Cic4ChDoAXoECBQQAw#v=onepage&q=taco%20bowman%20george%20christie&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA167&lpg=PA167&dq=taco+bowman+george+christie&source=bl&ots=LVQa_-uQcX&sig=ACfU3U2Nzn3RMIlqvcL1exDhr_Wir4uaAA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwja0aC206H6AhUbQkEAHWa8Cic4ChDoAXoECBMQAw#v=onepage&q=taco%20bowman%20george%20christie&f=false

https://cryptome.org/gangs/outlaws.pdf / https://web.archive.org/web/20221028224702/https://cryptome.org/gangs/outlaws.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT22&lpg=PT22&dq=harry+bowman+trial+tampa&source=bl&ots=l66QtRS-hc&sig=ACfU3U0eNINPPGE6sgUdyxUIkTqDSQ6zvQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii2YK44vn6AhUVhFwKHcxxADg4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=harry%20bowman%20trial%20tampa&f=false



<ref name="Gambino LCN Family">[http://www.oocities.org/organizedcrimesyndicates/GambinoFamily.html Gambino LCN Family] oocities.org {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/FUEQA |date=April 15, 2013 }}</ref>

<ref name="New Jersey Faction">[https://www.oocities.org/OrganizedCrimeSyndicates_NJ/Gambino_NJ.html Gambino Family New Jersey Faction] oocities.org {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/mkCNQ |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>



https://archive.ph/KrkjE

Wheeler
https://web.archive.org/web/20240715111626/https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2003/08/18/tampa-trial-takes-aim-at-outlaw-biker/31285915007/
https://web.archive.org/web/20240716123547/https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2003/08/18/outlaws-motorcycle-gang-leader-to-begin-murder-trial/26069830007/
https://nwitimes.newspapers.com/newspage/306796798/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/306791874/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-tampa-tribune/140950069/


Rosga
https://archive.jsonline.com/news/crime/96736614.html

==Sullivan==
{{short description|Irish-American gangster (1939-2017)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name          = Joseph Sullivan
| image         = 
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Joseph George Sullivan
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1939|03|31|mf=y}}
| birth_place   = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2017|06|09|1939|03|31|mf=y}}
| death_place   = [[Beacon, New York|Beacon]], New York, U.S.
| death_cause   = 
| nationality   = 
| other_names   = "Mad Dog"
| occupation    = [[Gangster]]
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = 
| predecessor   = 
| successor     = 
| allegiance    = 
| conviction    = 
| conviction_penalty = 
}}
'''Joseph George Sullivan''' (March 31, 1939 – June 9, 2017), nicknamed "Mad Dog", was an [[Irish Americans|Irish-American]]

The second eldest of six children, and a third generation [[Irish Americans|Irish-American]], Joseph George Sullivan was born in [[Rockaway Beach, Queens|Rockaway Beach]], [[Queens]], New York. He adopted [[Saint John|John]] as a [[confirmation name]].{{sfn|Sullivan|1997|p=3}} When Sullivan was 13 years old, his father, a [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) detective at the 79th Precinct in [[Brooklyn]], died aged 36 in 1952. Because his father was a few years short of eligibility, his mother never received a pension. An impoverished widow, she turned to alcoholism.{{sfn|Sullivan|1997|p=11-12}}

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uWFT6kyHiIYC&pg=PA183&lpg=PA183&dq=joseph+mad+dog+sullivan+newspapers.com&source=bl&ots=U-EW9v8Iuy&sig=ACfU3U0lnMzQpGBYklWcUQqLC7x33G4LNg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4v7zgtYj6AhWkTEEAHagrB0gQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=joseph%20mad%20dog%20sullivan%20newspapers.com&f=false

https://www.biography.com/crime-figure/joseph-sullivan

https://eu.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2017/06/15/joseph-mad-dog-sullivan-dies-rochester-mob-hit/399721001/

https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/ex-mob-hit-man-mad-dog-sullivan-dies-in-ny-state-prison/

https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2017/jun/16/ex-mob-hit-man-mad-dog-sullivan-dies-in-ny-state-p/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34625900/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/84278596/fugitive-mad-dog-sullivan-recaptured/

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book|last=Sullivan |first=Gail W. |title=Tears & Tiers: The Life and Times of Joseph "Mad Dog" Sullivan, the Only Man to Escape Attica Prison, The True Story of a Legend |location= |publisher=Felon Entertainment Publishers |year=1997 |isbn=0977265609}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:1939 births]]
[[:Category:2017 deaths]]
[[:Category:20th-century American criminals]]
[[:Category:American male criminals]]
[[:Category:American gangsters of Irish descent]]
[[:Category:Mafia hitmen]]
[[:Category:Criminals from Queens, New York]]
[[:Category:Gangsters from New York City]]



The "Westies" term was coined initially by [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) detective [[Joseph Coffey (police officer)|Joseph Coffey]] to describe the general presence of Irish organized crime on the [[Upper West Side]] of [[Manhattan]], but later became associated primarily with the gang headed by [[Jimmy Coonan]] from the mid-1960s until his imprisonment in... The gang was also known as ..., while Gambino boss [[Paul Castellano]] referred to Coonan and his associates as "the Irish kids".



Under Coonan's leadership, the [[Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan|Hell's Kitchen]]-based gang began as a

<ref name="Arsenal Mob">[https://themafia.news/2019/11/12/the-westside-irish-crew-the-arsenal-mob/ The Westside Irish Crew – “The Arsenal Mob”] themafia.news (November 12, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223173218/https://themafia.news/2019/11/12/the-westside-irish-crew-the-arsenal-mob/ |date=December 23, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bowers Mob">[https://theirishmob.com/the-bowers-mob/ The Bowers Mob] TheIrishMob.com (April 11, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221223173628/https://theirishmob.com/the-bowers-mob/ |date=December 23, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Burke">[https://gangstersinc.org/profiles/blogs/lucchese-associate-james-jimmy Profile: Lucchese crime family associate James Burke] Shannon Dougherty, gangstersinc.org (January 24, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222194846/https://gangstersinc.org/profiles/blogs/lucchese-associate-james-jimmy |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Grand Jury Returns 2 Indictments">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/17/archives/grand-jury-on-police-corruption-returns-2-contempt-indictments.html Grand Jury on Police Corruption Returns 2 Contempt Indictments] Lesley Oelsner, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 17, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213212306/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/17/archives/grand-jury-on-police-corruption-returns-2-contempt-indictments.html |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex‐Inspector Is Held">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/23/archives/expolice-inspector-is-held-on-contempt-former-police-inspector.html Ex‐Police Inspector Is Held on Contempt] Lesley Oelsner, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 23, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218171620/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/23/archives/expolice-inspector-is-held-on-contempt-former-police-inspector.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Police-Crime Link">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/24/archives/policecrime-link-is-under-inquiry-network-within-department-said-to.html Police-Crime Link Is Under Inquiry] Lesley Oelsner, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 24, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218011024/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/24/archives/policecrime-link-is-under-inquiry-network-within-department-said-to.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Reputed Bookie">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/24/archives/reputed-bookie-called-a-friendly-type-but-elusive.html Reputed Bookie Called a Friendly Type, but Elusive] David Burnham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 24, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215222736/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/24/archives/reputed-bookie-called-a-friendly-type-but-elusive.html |date=December 15, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Senators' Inquiry">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/25/archives/senators-inquiry-into-crime-goes-beyond-the-mafia-publicity-on.html Senators' Inquiry Into Organized Crime Goes Beyond The Mafia] David Burnham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 25, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218171720/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/07/25/archives/senators-inquiry-into-crime-goes-beyond-the-mafia-publicity-on.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Two Inspectors Demoted">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/17/archives/two-inspectors-demoted-in-inquiry-on-corruption-murphy-demotes-two.html Two Inspectors Demoted In Inquiry on Corruption] David Burnham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 17, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218170925/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/17/archives/two-inspectors-demoted-in-inquiry-on-corruption-murphy-demotes-two.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Corruption Jury">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/24/archives/corruption-jury-indicts-gambler-mulligan-is-arrested-after-refusing.html Corruption Jury Indicts Gambler] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 24, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215222643/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/11/24/archives/corruption-jury-indicts-gambler-mulligan-is-arrested-after-refusing.html |date=December 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Floridian Sought">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/18/archives/floridian-sought-in-murder-plot-jurors-here-want-to-ask-him-about.html Floridian Sought In 'Murder Plot'] Juan M. Vasquez, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 18, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215222907/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/18/archives/floridian-sought-in-murder-plot-jurors-here-want-to-ask-him-about.html |date=December 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Voiceprint Mistake Conceded">[http://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/27/archives/voiceprint-mistake-conceded-in-tying-inspector-to-gambler.html Voiceprint Mistake Conceded In Tying Inspector to Gambler] David Burnham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 27, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218171232/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/27/archives/voiceprint-mistake-conceded-in-tying-inspector-to-gambler.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Officer Accuses">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/31/archives/officer-accuses-a-narcotics-unit-says-it-failed-to-act-data-he-gave.html Officer Accuses A Narcotics Unit] David Burnham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 31, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218170521/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/05/31/archives/officer-accuses-a-narcotics-unit-says-it-failed-to-act-data-he-gave.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Murphy Acquits Ex‐Inspector">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/27/archives/murphy-acquits-an-expolice-inspector.html Murphy Acquits an Ex‐Police Inspector] David Burnham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 27, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218010430/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/27/archives/murphy-acquits-an-expolice-inspector.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="State Opens Case">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/09/29/archives/state-opens-case-against-mulligan-reputed-gambler-is-accused-of.html State Opens Case Against Mulligan] Juan M. Vasquez, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 29, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218010106/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/09/29/archives/state-opens-case-against-mulligan-reputed-gambler-is-accused-of.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mulligan Guilty">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/05/archives/mulligan-guilty-in-contempt-case-figure-in-an-inquiry-by-jury-into.html Mulligan Guilty In Contempt Case] Juan M. Vasquez, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 5, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218170231/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/05/archives/mulligan-guilty-in-contempt-case-figure-in-an-inquiry-by-jury-into.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Sudden Illness Strikes">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/16/archives/a-sudden-illness-strikes-mulligan-gambler-is-hospitalized-just.html A Sudden Illness Strikes Mulligan] Lacey Fosburgh, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 16, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215222450/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/11/16/archives/a-sudden-illness-strikes-mulligan-gambler-is-hospitalized-just.html |date=December 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hugh Mulligan Is Dead">[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/18/archives/hugh-mulligan-reputed-briber-and-major-bookmaker-is-dead-subject-of.html Hugh Mulligan, Reputed Briber And Major Bookmaker, Is Dead] Glenn Fowler, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 18, 1973) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214170434/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/07/18/archives/hugh-mulligan-reputed-briber-and-major-bookmaker-is-dead-subject-of.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Metropolitan Briefs">[https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/22/archives/metropolitan-briefs-4-jersey-counties-to-get-storm-aid-five-horses.html Metropolitan Briefs] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 22, 1976) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213195018/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/08/22/archives/metropolitan-briefs-4-jersey-counties-to-get-storm-aid-five-horses.html |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Death Notices">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26568742/could-this-be-eddie-the-butcher/ Death Notices] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (August 23, 1976) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213202434/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26568742/could-this-be-eddie-the-butcher/ |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="West Side Funeral">[https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/17/archives/west-side-funeral-of-mob-figure-traces-divergent-paths-in-area.html West Side Funeral of Mob Figure Traces Divergent Paths in Area] Howard Blum, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 17, 1977) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213211500/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/05/17/archives/west-side-funeral-of-mob-figure-traces-divergent-paths-in-area.html |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Suspect Seized in 1977 Slaying">[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/15/archives/suspect-seized-in-1977-slaying-of-underworld-figure-in-queens.html Suspect Seized in 1977 Slaying Of Underworld Figure in Queens] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 15, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213211703/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/05/15/archives/suspect-seized-in-1977-slaying-of-underworld-figure-in-queens.html |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="2 Acquitted">[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/22/archives/2-acquitted-in-bartenders-slaying-judge-reversed-himself.html 2 Acquitted in Bartender's Slaying] Charles Kaiser, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 22, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214025137/https://www.nytimes.com/1979/12/22/archives/2-acquitted-in-bartenders-slaying-judge-reversed-himself.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Wife of West Side mobster indicted">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/12/17/The-wife-of-a-reputed-West-Side-mobster-and/2470535179600/ Wife of West Side mobster indicted] Esther Pessin, [[United Press International]] (December 17, 1986) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/OUHvy |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="6 Are Indicted">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/21/nyregion/6-are-indicted-in-a-crackdown-against-westies.html 6 Are Indicted In A Crackdown Against Westies] Douglas Martin, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 21, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215223935/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/03/21/nyregion/6-are-indicted-in-a-crackdown-against-westies.html |date=December 15, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Lord's of Hell's Kitchen">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/05/magazine/the-lord-s-of-hell-s-kitchen.html The Lord's of Hell's Kitchen] James Traub, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 5, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214024044/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/05/magazine/the-lord-s-of-hell-s-kitchen.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gang Terrorized Hell's Kitchen">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/20/nyregion/prosecutor-says-gang-terrorized-hell-s-kitchen.html Prosecutor Says Gang Terrorized Hell's Kitchen] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 20, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217211450/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/20/nyregion/prosecutor-says-gang-terrorized-hell-s-kitchen.html |date=December 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Informer Tells How Gang Cut Up Body">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/22/nyregion/westies-informer-tells-how-gang-cut-up-body.html Westies Informer Tells How Gang Cut Up Body] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 22, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217212701/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/22/nyregion/westies-informer-tells-how-gang-cut-up-body.html |date=December 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Defense Lawyer Ridicules Testimony">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/28/nyregion/at-westies-trial-defense-lawyer-ridicules-testimony-of-informer.html At Westies Trial, Defense Lawyer Ridicules Testimony of Informer] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 28, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218175904/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/10/28/nyregion/at-westies-trial-defense-lawyer-ridicules-testimony-of-informer.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Informer Tells of Links to Mob">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/06/nyregion/westies-informer-tells-of-links-to-gambino-mob.html Westies Informer Tells of Links to Gambino Mob] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 6, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218173910/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/06/nyregion/westies-informer-tells-of-links-to-gambino-mob.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Informer Links Gotti to Shooting">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/11/nyregion/westies-informer-links-gotti-to-labor-shooting.html Westies' Informer Links Gotti to Labor Shooting] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 11, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218180036/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/11/nyregion/westies-informer-links-gotti-to-labor-shooting.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Informer Admits Frequent Lies">[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/13/nyregion/informer-at-westies-trial-admits-frequent-lies-under-oath.html Informer at Westies Trial Admits Frequent Lies Under Oath] Jesus Rangel, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 13, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218173726/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/13/nyregion/informer-at-westies-trial-admits-frequent-lies-under-oath.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. Ends Evidence Presentation">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/17/nyregion/us-ends-evidence-presentation-in-westies-trial.html U.S. Ends Evidence Presentation in Westies Trial] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 17, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217212103/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/01/17/nyregion/us-ends-evidence-presentation-in-westies-trial.html |date=December 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Closing Arguments Begin">[https://apnews.com/article/f6973208fc38ddb84b5bca1cf608e863 Closing Arguments Begin in Street Gang Trial] John M. Doyle, [[Associated Press]] (February 9, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215224526/https://apnews.com/article/f6973208fc38ddb84b5bca1cf608e863 |date=December 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Reign of Terror">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/17/nyregion/prosecutor-accuses-westies-of-a-reign-of-terror.html Prosecutor Accuses Westies of a 'Reign of Terror'] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 17, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218174144/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/17/nyregion/prosecutor-accuses-westies-of-a-reign-of-terror.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="7 Convicted of Racketeering">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/nyregion/7-convicted-of-racketeering-1-acquitted-in-westies-trial.html 7 Convicted of Racketeering, 1 Acquitted, in Westies Trial] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 25, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214025933/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/02/25/nyregion/7-convicted-of-racketeering-1-acquitted-in-westies-trial.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="7 Westies Given Sentences">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/12/nyregion/7-westies-given-sentences-of-up-to-75-years-in-prison.html 7 Westies Given Sentences Of Up to 75 Years in Prison] Howard W. French, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 12, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214025809/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/12/nyregion/7-westies-given-sentences-of-up-to-75-years-in-prison.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Two Surrender to Face Charges">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/nyregion/two-tied-to-westies-gang-surrender-to-face-charges.html Two Tied to Westies Gang Surrender to Face Charges] Marvine Howe, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 16, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218011617/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/16/nyregion/two-tied-to-westies-gang-surrender-to-face-charges.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Westies plead innocent">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/08/18/Westies-plead-innocent-to-revenge-murder/9893587880000/ Westies plead innocent to revenge murder] Barbara Goldberg, [[United Press International]] (August 18, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/EkTza |date=March 16, 2025 }}</ref>

<ref name="Admitted Westies Killer">[https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/01/nyregion/admitted-westies-killer-who-informed-is-free.html Admitted Westies Killer Who Informed Is Free] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 1, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221215225947/https://www.nytimes.com/1989/01/01/nyregion/admitted-westies-killer-who-informed-is-free.html |date=December 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell's Kitchen Killers">[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/books/new-york-stories-hell-s-kitchen-killers.html New York Stories: Hell's Kitchen Killers...] David Haoward Bain, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 8, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214024308/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/04/08/books/new-york-stories-hell-s-kitchen-killers.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="West Side Coup">[https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/01/15/smoke-filled-room-west-side-coup West Side Coup] Ben McGrath, ''[[The New Yorker]]'' (January 8, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213210835/https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2007/01/15/smoke-filled-room-west-side-coup |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Son of mobster falls to death">[https://www.thetelegraph.com/news/article/Son-of-mobster-Mickey-Spillane-falls-to-death-12689076.php Son of mobster Mickey Spillane falls to death] ''[[The Telegraph (Alton, Illinois)|The Telegraph]]'' (July 11, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213210347/https://www.thetelegraph.com/news/article/Son-of-mobster-Mickey-Spillane-falls-to-death-12689076.php |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="A Wake of Sorts">[https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/nyregion/12spillane.html A Wake of Sorts for a Hell’s Kitchen Fixture] Michael M. Grynbaum, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 11, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221218011117/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/07/12/nyregion/12spillane.html |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Farewell to a Gangster">[https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/nyregion/a-farewell-to-jimmy-mcelroy-gangster-of-a-lost-era.html Saying Farewell to a Gangster of a Bygone Era] Jim Dwyer, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 10, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221214025322/https://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/11/nyregion/a-farewell-to-jimmy-mcelroy-gangster-of-a-lost-era.html |date=December 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gang Vanquished in ’80s Makes Cameo in Extortion Case">[https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/nyregion/westies-gang-said-to-not-exist-appear-in-extortion-case.html Gang Said to Have Been Vanquished in ’80s Makes Cameo in Extortion Case] Joseph Goldstein, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 2, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227214545/https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/03/nyregion/westies-gang-said-to-not-exist-appear-in-extortion-case.html |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Celebrating a Matriarch">[https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/31/nyregion/hells-kitchen-funeral-brings-out-mourners-for-passing-of-an-era.html Celebrating a Matriarch of Old New York] Michael Wilson, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 30, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210603103125/https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/31/nyregion/hells-kitchen-funeral-brings-out-mourners-for-passing-of-an-era.html |date=June 3, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="James R. McManus Dies">[https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/05/nyregion/james-r-mcmanus-dead.html James R. McManus, 84, Last of the Hell’s Kitchen Bosses, Dies] Sam Roberts, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 5, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221213203649/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/05/nyregion/james-r-mcmanus-dead.html |date=December 13, 2022 }}</ref>



https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23603462/ruby-stein-corpse/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23603430/jiggs-and-ruby/

https://apnews.com/article/8acd1975a631ee3f1d751eaf213e2a9d

https://www.vice.com/en/article/mbxdyn/haunted-photos-of-famous-new-york-crime-scenes-then-and-now

http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2012/12/man-accused-of-being-member-of-westies.html

https://www.crimemuseum.org/crime-library/organized-crime/james-coonan/

https://www.superlawyers.com/articles/new-york/the-don-of-criminal-defense-attorneys/

https://www.gawker.com/550635/gerald-shargel

https://theirishmob.com/eddie-mcgrath-the-westside-mob-part-1/

https://theirishmob.com/eddie-mcgrath-the-westside-mob-part-2/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45198133/mcgrath-1970/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45108504/daily-news/

https://theirishmob.com/kevin-kelly/

https://mafiahitters.com/the-westies-and-gambino-family-connection/

https://www.tapatalk.com/groups/irishorganisedcrimeforum/westies-articles-from-new-york-daily-news-1980s-an-t305.html

https://ganglandwire.com/the-westies-part-1-from-owney-madden-to-mickey-spillane/

https://ganglandwire.com/westies-part-2-jimmy-coonan-goes-down/

https://www.irishcentral.com/opinion/others/the-wild-westies-last-stand

https://www.justice.gov/sites/default/files/osg/briefs/1989/01/01/sg890417.txt

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/483883794/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/434459144/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491373795/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/464764860/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45412240/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491625994/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41233105/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/60290864/jackie-coonan/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/145076855/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24459921/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/482810817/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/483885408/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/483760422/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/88434656/police-searching-the-westies-hells/

https://theirishmob.com/kevin-kelly/

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-2nd-circuit/1056146.html

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914bf93add7b049347aec4c#





<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

==Carolinas==
During the 1970s and the 1980s, [[Charlotte, North Carolina]] was one of the few cities in the United States to host chapters of several competing motorcycle gangs; the [[Hells Angels]], the [[Pagan's Motorcycle Club|Pagans]], and the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]], as well as several homegrown outlaw clubs. Of these regional gangs, the Tar Heel Stompers, in particular, became powerful locally and developed a reputation for viciousness that rivalled the other major clubs in the area.<ref name="''Charlotte True Crime Stories: Notorious Cases from Fraud to Serial Killing''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y8WnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=Tyler+Duris+%22Yank%22+Frndak&source=bl&ots=X0PQGS68a-&sig=ACfU3U09fUK7rvQvJxf87VAQSDOimZxqPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4zcOk1sPqAhXcQEEAHTcrD3AQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Tyler%20Duris%20%22Yank%22%20Frndak&f=false ''Charlotte True Crime Stories: Notorious Cases from Fraud to Serial Killing''] Cathy Pickens (2019)</ref>

<ref>[https://prelawland.com/post/174754315689/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-north-carolina Outlaw motorcycle gangs in North Carolina] Anna Hill, prelawland.com (June 10, 2018)</ref>

<ref>[https://nc.prelawland.com/post/174637601537/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-nc-hells-angels-and Outlaw motorcycle gangs in NC: Hells Angels and Mongols] Anna Hill, prelawland.com (June 10, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320203529/https://nc.prelawland.com/post/174637601537/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-nc-hells-angels-and |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

==St. Louis==
https://gangsterreport.com/the-st-louis-syrian-mob-war-timeline-leisure-clan-took-shot-at-brass-ring-in-early-80s-blood-feud/

http://www.crimemagazine.com/part-i-leisure-war-reason-die

http://www.crimemagazine.com/part-ii-leisure-war-killing-fields

https://apnews.com/article/d4d7e56b3d1652b5ea2c040dc452ccfe

https://www.executedtoday.com/2018/09/01/1999-david-leisure-mob-war-veteran/

https://www.stltoday.com/news/archives/1980-i-55-bombing-sets-off-st-louis-last-big-time-gang-war/article_a95ba871-b6c3-541b-8d8f-6a5bed8f9544.html

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/02/14/The-man-who-made-the-bomb-that-killed-reputed/9492477205200/

https://law.justia.com/cases/missouri/court-of-appeals/1989/wd40357-2.html

http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2011/08/look-back-st-louis-mobsters-quiet-death.html

==B==
<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?query=Demeo&user=9944546%3AHarold_Mittermeyer

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EJzEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT9&lpg=PT9&dq=donna+falcaro&source=bl&ots=LHYx7icdmT&sig=ACfU3U2EiL2TVg0G-qWWB_KdrIpuXmAMAQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGkr3H0MeEAxUgVUEAHZSSAIE4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=donna%20falcaro&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20240125191417/https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news/46823490/?locale=en-GB

https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition-demeo/121005441/

https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/united-states-v-kalevas-884928209

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-post-star-somma/117649605/

https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-castellano-sdny-1985

https://www.newspapers.com/article/courier-post/22427865/

https://web.archive.org/web/20231211013637/https://ganglandnews.com/index.htm

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1420172.html

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/487937615/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-roy-demeo/77998097/

https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-castellano-sdny-1985

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22303020/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38064069/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/45976441/daily-news/

https://golfoeventi.it/2019/10/28/le-origini-formiane-di-roy-demeo/

https://www.h24notizie.com/2019/10/29/uno-dei-killer-piu-sanguinari-della-mafia-americana-aveva-origini-pontine/

https://deadline.com/2022/01/mafia-tapes-investigation-discovery-podcast-series-demeo-crew-dominick-montiglio-1234907037/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/03/30/Paul-Big-Paul-Castellano-reputed-overlord-of-the-powerful/4085980094474/

http://web.archive.org/web/20150209235344/http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/weird/roy_demeo/1.html

https://archive.org/details/RoyAlbertDeMeo/Roy%20Albert%20Demeo%20Part%2001%20of%2003/

<ref name=p1>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/RoyAlbertDeMeo/Roy%20Albert%20Demeo%20Part%2001%20of%2003/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author-link=Federal Bureau of Investigation|title=Roy Albert DeMeo FBI files|publisher=|location=|date=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/RoyAlbertDeMeo/Roy%20Albert%20Demeo%20Part%2001%20of%2003/page/n1/mode/2up 1]}}</ref>

<ref name=p9>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/RoyAlbertDeMeo/Roy%20Albert%20Demeo%20Part%2001%20of%2003/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author-link=Federal Bureau of Investigation|title=Roy Albert DeMeo FBI files|publisher=|location=|date=|isbn=|page=[https://archive.org/details/RoyAlbertDeMeo/Roy%20Albert%20Demeo%20Part%2001%20of%2003/page/n9/mode/2up 9]}}</ref>

https://valenciaplaza.com/el-sangriento-historial-del-mafioso-roy-demeo-llevado-al-comic

https://murciaplaza.com/el-metodo-gemini-de-magius-regresa-a-las-librerias-cuatro-anos-despues

https://lacomicteca.com/el-metodo-gemini/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77998097/roy-demeo/

https://deadline.com/2022/03/gemini-lounge-adds-lucy-hale-ashley-greene-jake-cannavale-more-1234990126/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WzuzPiXD2LgC&pg=PT105&lpg=PT105&dq=dennis+testa&source=bl&ots=WAZtjxgqqU&sig=ACfU3U1jY59hnK_XfVq7A1e5JMxB5MGYpg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiGv-Gr8c_8AhXFnVwKHVQLBLoQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=dennis%20testa&f=false

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/632/1019/2260863/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/86835585/roy-demeos-first-mob-murder-occurred/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30840346/dominick-montiglio-pg1/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18890124/the-journal-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31328623/daily-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38955252/daily-news/

Viggiano
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/486274311/

<ref name="Mob porn war">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39586615/daily-news/ Link two killings to mob porn war] Bob Gentile, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (January 6, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221217210005/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39586615/daily-news/ |date=December 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mob and the Machine">[http://nymag.com/news/features/crime/46610/ The Mob and the Machine] [[Nicholas Pileggi]], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' (April 30, 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/r1Ulj#selection-1687.0-1690.0 |date=January 26, 2020 }}</ref>

<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZQ_9CwAAQBAJ&pg=PT308&lpg=PT308&dq=paul+victor+bronx+viggiano&source=bl&ots=3nHKfptHoo&sig=ACfU3U1Vr3VLtyK5xDnOUTYEWVYfMHzNkQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjHw_7ezoH8AhXLMMAKHcfTAXsQ6AF6BAgnEAM#v=onepage&q=paul%20victor%20bronx%20viggiano&f=false|title=Trump: The Greatest Show on Earth: The Deals, the Downfall, the Reinvention|isbn=9781682450796|last1=Barrett|first1=Wayne|date=April 26, 2016|quote=The partner who worked with Trump, Paul Victor Viggiano, was a relative of a Genovese capo and had a major mob clientele, handling everyone from reputed hit men to the biggest narcotics dealers in the Bronx. Viggiano, who changed his name to Victor, was aso Stanley Friedman's right-hand man and the parliamentarian of the Bronx Democratic Party.}}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/487937615/

https://www.thetruecrimedatabase.com/case_file/gemini-twins/

controlled a crew of approximately twenty associates who engaged in wholesale murder, stolen cars, narcotics, prostitution and pornography.<ref name="FBI Records: The Vault — Roy Albert Demeo">[https://vault.fbi.gov/roy-albert-demeo FBI Records: The Vault — Roy Albert Demeo] [[fbi.gov]] (May 16, 2014)</ref>

The Harem Spa in Bricktown later became Spa 88, a [[gay bathhouse]]. In April 1983, the building occupied by Spa 88 and three other sex-orientated businesses was raided by the [[New Jersey State Police]] Organized Crime Bureau, and eighteen people were indicted as part of Operation Whisper, a three-year investigation into organized crime in [[Ocean County, New Jersey|Ocean County]]. The indictment alleged that the premises, which housed a scenario of massage parlors and one adult book store, was utilized as a [[Front organization|front]] for prostitution and drug distribution beginning in August 1975. State police organized crime detectives began investigating the ownership of the Harem in July 1980.<ref name="FBI Records: The Vault — Roy Albert Demeo"/> The Harem had previously been the subject of a raid in late 1981, when eight female prostitutes, two of whom were sixteen years old, and six male clients were arrested. Another raid on the Show Land Adult Bookstore, located on the property, in January 1982 also resulted in three women being arrested and charged with prostitution.<ref>[https://ochistory.org/History_of_Porn__Part_III_R.php The History of Pornography in Ocean County, Part III] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211207173421/https://ochistory.org/History_of_Porn__Part_III_R.php |date=December 7, 2021 }} Steven J. Baeli, ochistory.org (May 30, 2010)</ref>

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2013/03/deadly-gambino-capo-roy-demeo-recorded.html

2084 East 41st Street, Brooklyn

November 16, 1983

<ref>[https://www.cosanostranews.com/2013/03/deadly-gambino-capo-roy-demeo-recorded.html Deadly Gambino Capo Roy DeMeo Recorded Other Mobsters... Why?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211119234835/https://www.cosanostranews.com/2013/03/deadly-gambino-capo-roy-demeo-recorded.html |date=November 19, 2021 }} Ed Scarpo, cosanostranews.com (March 31, 2013)</ref>

<ref>[https://ganglandwire.com/roy-demeo-2/ Roy DeMeo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221205351/https://ganglandwire.com/roy-demeo-2/ |date=December 21, 2021 }} Gary Jenkins, ganglandwire.com (April 22, 2019)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.cosanostranews.com/2020/01/alternative-facts-did-luchese-hit-team.html Alternative Facts: Did The Gemini Twins Help Execute Carini Brother's Killers?] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221211123/https://www.cosanostranews.com/2020/01/alternative-facts-did-luchese-hit-team.html |date=December 21, 2021 }} Ed Scarpo, cosanostranews.com (January 31, 2020)</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5918365/more-davey-petillo/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26958903/feb-7-1982-brick-twp-resists-platos/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27013804/harem-spa-brick-fran-marincola-mrs/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/145978925/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/145159691/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/145986987/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/144731392/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/147711822/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41740270/spa/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27014251/ross-cooper-once-talkative-now-silent/

<ref>[https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-porn-prince-of-new-yorks-live-sex-shows-in-1970s-times-square The Porn Prince of New York’s Live Sex Shows] Ashley West and April Hall, ''[[The Daily Beast]]'' (February 9, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112183432/https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-porn-prince-of-new-yorks-live-sex-shows-in-1970s-times-square |date=January 12, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.therialtoreport.com/2018/12/16/phil-prince/ Avon Films: Journeys into the Dark Heart of XXX – Part 3, The Director] ''[[The Rialto Report]]'' (December 16, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112194948/https://www.therialtoreport.com/2018/12/16/phil-prince/ |date=January 12, 2022 }}<</ref>

<ref>[https://www.therialtoreport.com/2016/02/07/navred-reef/ Who was Navred Reef? (And What Happened to Him?)] ''[[The Rialto Report]]'' (February 7, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112195246/https://www.therialtoreport.com/2016/02/07/navred-reef/ |date=January 12, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/733/ There’s Something About Geno] Eric Konigsberg, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' (July 26, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627200659/https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/733/ |date=June 27, 2022 }}</ref>

https://archive.ph/3k5da

==Alain Strong==
{{short description|Canadian gangster (1947–2019)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Alain Strong
| image              = 
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = 1947
| birth_place        = [[Cantley, Quebec]], Canada
| death_date         = {{death date and age|df=y|2019|05||1947||}}
| death_place        = [[Coleman, Florida]], U.S.
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = [[Gangster]]
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| allegiance         = [[West End Gang]]
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
}}
'''Alain Strong''' (1947 – May 2019) was a Canadian [[gangster]] and member the [[West End Gang]] of [[Montreal]].

Born in [[Cantley, Quebec]], Strong was sentenced to serve a ten-year prison term at [[Cowansville]] after being convicted of armed robbery. He escaped from the penitentiary on 9 May 1973, and was apprehended on 15 March 1974 following as shootout with police after an aborted bank robbery in [[Montreal]], during which a bystander was fatally wounded by a stray bullet. Strong's accomplices were fellow prison escapees William Lydon and William White, who had absconded from the Massachusetts Correctional Institution. He was released from custody in 1984, and subsequently became a major drug trafficker with ties to the [[Cali Cartel]], and the [[Underboss|second-in-command]] to [[West End Gang]] leader [[Allan Ross (gangster)|Allan "the Weasel" Ross]].

used the aliases Jean-Guy Trépanier and Yvan-Jacques Rousseau 

{{sfn|O'Connor|2011|p=151}}

<ref name="Allan Strong">[https://www.oocities.org/wiseguywally/AllanStrong.html Allan Strong] oocities.org {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/2aOtR |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Allan Strong"/>

<ref name="Montrealer regretted rejecting plea deal">[https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/montrealer-who-died-in-u-s-penitentiary-regretted-rejecting-plea-deal Montrealer who died in U.S. prison regretted rejecting plea deal] Paul Cherry, ''[[Montreal Gazette]]'' (June 17, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/IDcRW |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Montrealer regretted rejecting plea deal"/>

<ref name="Mobster called for a bloody reckoning">[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/canada/article-montreal-mobster-alan-ross-called-for-a-bloody-reckoning/ Montreal mobster Alan Ross called for a bloody reckoning] Tu Thanh Ha, ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' (30 August 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/X6SLC |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mobster called for a bloody reckoning"/>

===Bibliography===
* {{cite book |last1=O'Connor |first1=D'Arcy |title=Montreal's Irish Mafia: The True Story of the Infamous West End Gang |date=2011 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |location=Toronto |isbn=978-0470676158}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:1947 births]]
[[:Category:2019 deaths]]
[[:Category:20th-century Canadian criminals]]
[[:Category:Canadian male criminals]]
[[:Category:Canadian gangsters of Irish descent]]
[[:Category:Canadian prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Canadian people imprisoned abroad]]
[[:Category:People extradited from Canada to the United States]]
[[:Category:Canadian people convicted of murder]]
[[:Category:People convicted of murder by the United States federal government]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of Canada]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government]]
[[:Category:People from Outaouais]]
[[:Category:West End Gang]]

===References===
{{Reflist}}


<ref name="''Montreal's Irish Mafia: The True Story of the Infamous West End Gang''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z8nSP8NMXPMC&pg=PA151&lpg=PA151&dq=raymond+desfoss%C3%A9s&source=bl&ots=4hNlw_4EIF&sig=ACfU3U0KgHqkpJ_kTzGdLcwyRtzQ4ggqAg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV2-uA8Yz3AhXDYMAKHdMcD-8Q6AF6BAgPEAM#v=onepage&q=raymond%20desfoss%C3%A9s&f=false ''Montreal's Irish Mafia: The True Story of the Infamous West End Gang''] D'Arcy O'Connor (2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220418190213/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z8nSP8NMXPMC&pg=PA151&lpg=PA151&dq=raymond+desfoss%C3%A9s&source=bl&ots=4hNlw_4EIF&sig=ACfU3U0KgHqkpJ_kTzGdLcwyRtzQ4ggqAg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiV2-uA8Yz3AhXDYMAKHdMcD-8Q6AF6BAgPEAM |date= 18 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="''Montreal's Irish Mafia: The True Story of the Infamous West End Gang''"/>


https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=r%C3%A9jean+zigzag+lessard+michel+langlois&source=bl&ots=w-rNPzmxL9&sig=ACfU3U03XV196gVkwKfup-3bzwtEyAhc_A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd8c6J4pb2AhUMWsAKHbwlDLQQ6AF6BAgaEAM#v=onepage&q=r%C3%A9jean%20zigzag%20lessard%20michel%20langlois&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vG4bfGwXZNIC&pg=PT87&lpg=PT87&dq=r%C3%A9jean+zigzag+lessard+michel+langlois&source=bl&ots=9I3Lz5oIGU&sig=ACfU3U1O9EZdDcNFzRdWrk0seyQ053OMAw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd8c6J4pb2AhUMWsAKHbwlDLQQ6AF6BAgbEAM#v=onepage&q=r%C3%A9jean%20zigzag%20lessard%20michel%20langlois&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA82&lpg=PA82&dq=r%C3%A9jean+zigzag+lessard+michel+langlois&source=bl&ots=6tjcmFf5i_&sig=ACfU3U1d3D_RzZbUcKy3in7jL8Sd-3C2rg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd8c6J4pb2AhUMWsAKHbwlDLQQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=r%C3%A9jean%20zigzag%20lessard%20michel%20langlois&f=false

http://www.oocities.org/wiseguywally/HellsAngels.html

https://memoireduquebec-com.translate.goog/wiki/index.php?title=Langlois_(Michel_dit_Sky)&_x_tr_sl=fr&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA415&lpg=PA415&dq=michel+sky+langlois+rock+machine+1994&source=bl&ots=r1kUmpa_zk&sig=ACfU3U3vEFBQ3nh0XfB_B9xQxFV3-u0OcQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA3v2Xoaj2AhUBmVwKHQkJCqcQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=michel%20sky%20langlois%20rock%20machine%201994&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/424127976/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z8nSP8NMXPMC&pg=PA165&lpg=PA165&dq=gaetan+lafond+montreal&source=bl&ots=4hNly36KEC&sig=ACfU3U0fKSRc4EkK0t9N7JYwi2T5Ri4CNw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjY8o3tnZT3AhVSZMAKHWzJDj0Q6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=gaetan%20lafond%20montreal&f=false

==Bent Svane Nielsen==
{{short description|Danish outlaw biker and gangster}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Bent Svane Nielsen
| image              = 
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = {{Birth date and age|1958|07|22|df=y}} 
| birth_place        = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| death_date         = 
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = "Blondie"
| occupation         = [[Outlaw biker]], [[gangster]]
| years_active       = 1975–
| known_for          = President of the Denmark Nomads [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] chapter
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| allegiance         = Dirty Angels MC (1975–1977) <br> Unionen MC (1977–1980) <br> [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]] (1980–)
| conviction         = Murder (1984)
| conviction_penalty = 16 years' imprisonment
}}
'''Bent Svane Nielsen''' (born 22 July 1958), also known as "Blondie", is a Danish [[outlaw biker]] and [[gangster]] who served as the president of the Denmark [[Nomad (motorcycle club membership)|Nomads chapter]] of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]].

===Hells Angels===
Nielsen became an outlaw biker in 1975, when he joined the [[Nørrebro]]-based Dirty Angels Motorcycle Club. In 1977, the Dirty Angels merged with three other clubs, the Galloping Goose of Nørrebro, the Nomads from [[Gladsaxe Municipality|Gladsaxe]] and the Iron Skulls in [[Greve Strand|Greve]], to form the Unionen MC, which established its headquarters on [[Titangade]], Nørrebro.<ref name="Englenes gerninger">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Cq5jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57&lpg=PT57&dq=unionen+hells+angels+copenhagen&source=bl&ots=14OOOXHQHO&sig=ACfU3U1M_LBPPhQxYdS1Q7Wyev4MBl6hJA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI4aOtgrr3AhWYgVwKHRGZCkEQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=unionen%20hells%20angels%20copenhagen&f=false ''Englenes gerninger''] Ambro Kragh (2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502134441/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Cq5jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT57&lpg=PT57&dq=unionen+hells+angels+copenhagen&source=bl&ots=14OOOXHQHO&sig=ACfU3U1M_LBPPhQxYdS1Q7Wyev4MBl6hJA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjI4aOtgrr3AhWYgVwKHRGZCkEQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=unionen%20hells%20angels%20copenhagen&f=false |date=2 May 2022 }}</ref> The Unionen became a "hangaround" club of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] after Nielsen formed an alliance with [[Willem van Boxtel]], the leader of the Angels' [[Amsterdam]] chapter.{{sfn|Veno|2007a|pp=455}} In 1979, the Unionen applied for Hells Angels membership, contacting the German Angels via the club's Dutch faction, and began serving as "prospect" members. Following visits by officers of the [[Oakland, California|Oakland]] and [[Hamburg]] chapters, the Unionen was granted its [[Colors (motorcycling)|colours]] by the [[Zürich]] Hells Angels on 31 December 1980, "patching over" to become the [[Copenhagen]] "Viking" chapter, the first Hells Angels branch in Scandinavia.<ref name="Englenes gerninger"/><ref name="Nordiske Kriminalsaker 1999">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AO6ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT136&lpg=PT136&dq=unionen+hells+angels+kobenhavn&source=bl&ots=OCp7Z4H40D&sig=ACfU3U32WlS0RA61c7ubhxB_BsEn9wdtTg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjE9raeg7r3AhWugVwKHVauDNcQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=unionen%20hells%20angels%20kobenhavn&f=false ''Nordiske Kriminalsaker 1999''] (1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502194726/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AO6ADwAAQBAJ&pg=PT136&lpg=PT136&dq=unionen+hells+angels+kobenhavn&source=bl&ots=OCp7Z4H40D&sig=ACfU3U32WlS0RA61c7ubhxB_BsEn9wdtTg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjE9raeg7r3AhWugVwKHVauDNcQ6AF6BAglEAM |date=2 May 2022 }}</ref>

In 1983, the Hells Angels became involved in [[Copenhagen Biker War|a conflict]] with the [[Bullshit Motorcycle Club|Bullshit]] biker club, an amalgamation of two [[Amager]] gangs which refused to join the Angels and which controlled much of the drug trade in [[Freetown Christiania|Christiania]].<ref name="Problemer med rockerne i Danmark">[http://www.stud.hum.ku.dk/opgavebank/Rockerne.html Problemer med rockerne i Danmark] Marie Louise Bossow, Philip Volmer Hansen, Steen Lauth, Kasper Welcher Nielsen, Camilla Iisager Petersen and Jody Shaw, stud.hum.ku.dk (1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430025359/http://www.stud.hum.ku.dk/opgavebank/Rockerne.html |date=30 April 2001 }}</ref> On the night of 24 September 1983, three Bullshit members and a female acquaintance entered the restaurant ''Søpromenaden'' on [[Søgade, Copenhagen|Søgade]] in [[Østerbro]], which was considered Hells Angels territory. Nielsen was alerted to the rival bikers' whereabouts when he received a telephone tipoff from a barman at ''Søpromenaden'', and he and three other Hells Angels stormed the restaurant, armed with knives and bottles.{{sfn|Veno|2007a|pp=455–456}} Two Bullshit members, Steen Grabow Grander and Flemming Hald Jensen, were killed, while a third, Michael Peter Enoch, was seriously injured. The woman escaped unharmed and immediately took a taxi to the Bullshit's Amager headquarters. Seven armed Bullshit bikers were then arrested by police as they travelled to ''Søpromenaden'' seeking retaliation. Several Hells Angels and Bullshit members, including Nielsen, were arrested as remanded in custody as police detectives investigated the double homicide. On 21 September 1984, Nielsen was sentenced to sixteen years in prison after being convicted at the [[Østre Landsret|Eastern High Court]] of the murders of Grander and Jensen. Two other Hells Angels, Henrik Kruse Jensen and Hansi Hansen, were sentenced to five years' and four years' imprisonment, respectively, for complicity in the killings.<ref name="Drabbsager i Danmark - 1983">[http://drabssageridanmark.beboer2650.dk/html/drabssager_-_1983.html Drabbsager i Danmark - 1983] drabssageridanmark.beboer2650.dk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009195739/http://drabssageridanmark.beboer2650.dk/html/drabssager_-_1983.html |date=9 October 2016 }}</ref>

Nielsen was paroled from prison in 1994.<ref name="Drabbsager i Danmark - 1983"/><ref name="Rigtige venner">[http://ekstrabladet.dk/112/article105281.ece Rigtige venner] Anton Rasmussen and Geert Frøsig, ''[[Ekstra Bladet]]'' (4 January 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502201435/https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/article3218743.ece |date=2 May 2022 }}</ref> At the time, the Hells Angels were [[Nordic Biker War|at war]] with the [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]]

Nomads chapter founded on 28 August 1996<ref name="Bad Boy Uli">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VdSWdu0Sa3AC&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=hells+angels+fresno+2000&source=bl&ots=2Vkt8ZBKU9&sig=ACfU3U2i96DygVFtpY9cQLq-J7yBaqQwjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1vdf9qfD7AhWHdcAKHbHpBTo4ChDoAXoECB4QAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20fresno%202000&f=false|isbn=9780960271801|title=Bad Boy Uli - Ik was een Hells Angel|date=15 January 2013|publisher=Meulenhoff Boekerij B.V.|author=Uli Detrois}}</ref>

By 2003, Nielsen was the ''de facto'' leader of the Hells Angels in Denmark.<ref name="Rigtige venner"/> He became involved in his third gang war when a conflict broke out between the Hells Angels and immigrant gangs in August 2008.<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/world/danish-calls-for-help-on-gang-war-464368 Danish calls for help on gang war] [[iol.co.za]] (12 November 2009)</ref>

<ref name="Skudoffer har selv to liv på samvittigheden">[http://politiken.dk/indland/ECE820423/skudoffer-har-selv-to-liv-paa-samvittigheden/ Skudoffer har selv to liv på samvittigheden] Niels Holst, ''[[Politiken]]'' (29 October 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502202826/https://politiken.dk/indland/art4824024/Skudoffer-har-selv-to-liv-p%C3%A5-samvittigheden |date=2 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Forbrydelsens fred">[https://www.information.dk/1997/09/forbrydelsens-fred Forbrydelsens fred] David Rehling, ''[[Dagbladet Information]]'' (27 September 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220502203953/https://www.information.dk/1997/09/forbrydelsens-fred |date=2 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bog går bag om rockerkrigen">[https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/bog-gaar-bag-om-rockerkrigen Bog går bag om rockerkrigen] ''[[Berlingske]]'' (25 August 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503181648/https://www.berlingske.dk/samfund/bog-gaar-bag-om-rockerkrigen |date=3 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="'Blondie' med i sin tredje krig">[http://m.business.dk/?article=1836396-Blondie-med-i-sin-tredje-krig 'Blondie' med i sin tredje krig] Jan Søgaard, ''[[Berlingske]]'' (29 October 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329082127/http://m.business.dk/?article=1836396-Blondie-med-i-sin-tredje-krig |date=29 March 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="Et uhelligt broderskab">[https://www.information.dk/2007/07/uhelligt-broderskab Et uhelligt broderskab] Rasmus Bo Sørensen and Kristian Villesen, ''[[Dagbladet Information]]'' (17 July 2006) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503184237/https://www.information.dk/2007/07/uhelligt-broderskab |date=3 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Rockerfred?">[http://www.danske-nyheder.dk/arkiv/1997.09.25.html Rockerfred?] danske-nyheder.dk (25 September 1997) {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Skudt ned for øjnene af sin søn">[https://www.bt.dk/krimi/skudt-ned-for-oejnene-af-sin-soen Skudt ned for øjnene af sin søn] Sune Søsted Paarup Odér, Jan Søgaard and Linette Jespersen, ''[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]]'' (29 October 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503190549/https://www.bt.dk/krimi/skudt-ned-for-oejnene-af-sin-soen |date=3 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Blondie rejst til Rusland">[https://www.bt.dk/nyheder/blondie-rejst-til-rusland Blondie rejst til Rusland] Peter Astrup, ''[[B.T. (tabloid)|B.T.]]'' (7 November 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220503191753/https://www.bt.dk/nyheder/blondie-rejst-til-rusland |date= 3 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Prominent HA-rocker skudt på Frederiksberg">[http://ekstrabladet.dk/skraldespand/vejrtv/nyheder/112/article1246377.ece Prominent HA-rocker skudt på Frederiksberg] ''[[Ekstra Bladet]]'' (29 October 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140410045823/http://ekstrabladet.dk/skraldespand/vejrtv/nyheder/112/article1246377.ece |date=10 April 2014 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Han stoppade det blodiga mc-kriget">[https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/han-stoppade-det-blodiga-mc-kriget/ Han stoppade det blodiga mc-kriget] Alexander Vickhoff, ''[[Kvällsposten]]'' (3 April 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425195119/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/han-stoppade-det-blodiga-mc-kriget/ |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Så blev Bandidos fruktade i Norden">[https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/sa-blev-bandidos-fruktade-i-norden/ Så blev Bandidos fruktade i Norden] Elvira Lagerström Dyrssen, ''[[Kvällsposten]]'' (29 July 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425194008/https://www.expressen.se/kvallsposten/sa-blev-bandidos-fruktade-i-norden/ |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Blutiger Kampf um die Vorherrschaft der Rocker">[http://www.berlinonline.de/berliner-zeitung/archiv/.bin/dump.fcgi/1996/0807/nachrichten/0070/index.html Blutiger Kampf um die Vorherrschaft der Rocker] Doug Mellgren, ''[[Berliner Zeitung]]'' (7 August 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/20120525212418/http://www.berliner-zeitung.de/archiv/neues-opfer-im-konflikt-von-hells-angels-und-bandidos-blutiger-kampf-um-die-vorherrschaft-der-rocker,10810590,9163076.html#selection-679.0-682.0 |date= 25 May 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="»Gott vergibt, Bandidos nie«">[https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gott-vergibt-bandidos-nie-a-8014850b-0002-0001-0000-000008955084?context=issue »Gott vergibt, Bandidos nie«] Thomas Hüetlin, ''[[Der Spiegel]]'' (21 July 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220429165701/https://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gott-vergibt-bandidos-nie-a-8014850b-0002-0001-0000-000008955084?context=issue |date= 29 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nordic boom in biker gangs">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2009/0504/p06s10-woeu.html Nordic boom in biker gangs] Tom Sullivan, ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' (May 4, 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220430223758/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2009/0504/p06s10-woeu.html |date= 30 April 2022 }}</ref>


https://web.archive.org/web/20211118060207/https://localeyes.dk/a167856-1234-rockere-skyldige-i-skuddrab-18-aarig-blev-lokket-i-baghold/

https://www.tv2east.dk/holbaek/politikvinde-vidner-i-sagen-om-oeksevold-i-holbaek-det-er-organiseret-kriminalitet

https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19960611&slug=2334037

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/08/10/Report-FBI-to-open-Nordic-office/3897839649600/

===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
*{{Citation |title=The Mammoth Book of Bikers |first=Arthur |last=Veno |isbn=9780786720460 |publisher=[[Avalon Publishing Group]] |year=2007|ref={{sfnref|Veno|2007a}}}}

===External links===
* {{IMDb name|6456788}}

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}
{{Authority control}}

[[:Category:1958 births]]
[[:Category:Living people]]
[[:Category:20th-century Danish criminals]]
[[:Category:Danish male criminals]]
[[:Category:Danish gangsters]]
[[:Category:Crime bosses]]
[[:Category:People from Copenhagen]]
[[:Category:Danish people convicted of murder]]
[[:Category:Danish prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of Denmark]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]

[[:da:Bent Svane Nielsen]]

==Copenhagen Biker War==
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title            = Copenhagen Biker War
| subtitle         = 
| partof           = [[organized crime in Denmark]]
| image            = 
| caption          = 
| date             = 1983–1986
| place            = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| coordinates      = 
| causes           = Drug trade criminal dispute
| goals            = 
| methods          = 
| status           = 
| result           = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] victory<ref name="'Blondie' med i sin tredje krig">[http://m.business.dk/?article=1836396-Blondie-med-i-sin-tredje-krig 'Blondie' med i sin tredje krig] Jan Søgaard, ''[[Berlingske]]'' (29 October 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140329082127/http://m.business.dk/?article=1836396-Blondie-med-i-sin-tredje-krig |date=29 March 2014 }}</ref>
* Law enforcement crackdown 
* [[Bullshit Motorcycle Club|Bullshit]] disbands<ref name="'Blondie' med i sin tredje krig"/>
* Hells Angels consolidate power in Scandinavia
| side1            = [[Bullshit Motorcycle Club|Bullshit MC]]
| side2            = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]]
* 666 MC
* Black Sheep MC
* Morticians MC
| side3            = {{flagdeco|Denmark}} [[Danish government]]
*[[Rigspolitiet]]
*[[Police of Denmark|Politiet]]
| side4            = 
| leadfigures1     = {{ill|Henning Norbert Knudsen|da}}{{KIA}}{{break}}
Palle Blåbjerg{{KIA}}{{break}}
Anker Walther Marcus{{KIA}}{{break}}
Michael Linde{{break}}
| leadfigures2     = [[Bent Svane Nielsen]] {{break}} [[Jørn Nielsen]] 
| leadfigures3     = [[Poul Schlüter]]{{break}}
[[Erik Ninn-Hansen]]{{break}}
[[Egon Weidekamp]]{{break}}
| leadfigures4     = 
| howmany1         = 
| howmany2         = 
| howmany3         = 
| howmany4         = 
| casualties1      = 8 killed
| casualties2      = 1 killed<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://onepercenterbikers.com/great-nordic-biker-war/|title=Great Nordic Biker War|date=March 18, 2016|website=One Percenter Bikers}}</ref>
| casualties3      = 2 civilians killed
| casualties4      = 
| fatalities       =
| injuries         =
| arrests          =
| damage           =
| buildings        =
| detentions       =
| charged          =
| fined            =
| effect           =
| effect_label     =
| casualties_label = 
| notes            = 
| sidebox          = 
}}
The '''Copenhagen Biker War'''

Bullshit disbanded in 1988<ref name="'Blondie' med i sin tredje krig"/>

===Further reading===
*{{Citation |title=The Mammoth Book of Bikers |first=Arthur |last=Veno |isbn=9780786720460 |publisher=[[Avalon Publishing Group]] |year=2007|ref={{sfnref|Veno|2007a}}}}

==External links==
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20111007034115/http://dinosmc.com/stuff/DANISH.htm ''The Danish Biker Wars''] Helle Bering-Jensen, [[The American-Scandinavian Foundation]] (Spring/Summer 1997)

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:Outlaw motorcycle club conflicts]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]
[[:Category:Organized crime conflicts in Denmark]]
[[:Category:Crime in Copenhagen]]
[[:Category:1983 in Denmark]]
[[:Category:Conflicts in 1983]]

==Bullshit MC==
{{short description|Outlaw motorcycle club}}
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = Bullshit MC
| image             = <!-- filename only -->
| image_size        = <!-- defaults to 220px -->
| image_alt         = 
| caption           = 
| founded           = Late 1970s
| founder           = <!-- or |founders= -->
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Copenhagen]], Denmark
| years_active      = 1970s–1988
| territory         = [[Amager]]
| ethnicity         = 
| membership        = 
| leaders           = 
| activities        = Drug trafficking
| allies            = 
| rivals            = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]]
| notable_members   = 
| religion          = 
}}
The '''Bullshit Motorcycle Club''' was an [[outlaw motorcycle club]] active in [[Copenhagen]], Denmark between the late 1970s and 1988.

===History===

<ref name="">[https://www.vice.com/da/article/bj5gem/rockerne-i-bullshit-ejede-deres-kaerester-nu-fortaeller-kvinderne-deres-egen-historie-broadly Rockerne i Bullshit ejede deres kærester. Nu fortæller kvinderne deres egen historie] Sara Mejlvang Møller, ''[[Vice (magazine)|Vice]]'' (5 February 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501164020/https://www.vice.com/da/article/bj5gem/rockerne-i-bullshit-ejede-deres-kaerester-nu-fortaeller-kvinderne-deres-egen-historie-broadly |date=1 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Danish state with a history of bikers, drugs & violence">[https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/32076/1/the-danish-state-with-a-history-of-bikers-drugs-violence The Danish state with a history of bikers, drugs & violence] Justin Egli, ''[[Dazed]]'' (19 July 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220501163514/https://www.dazeddigital.com/artsandculture/article/32076/1/the-danish-state-with-a-history-of-bikers-drugs-violence |date=1 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="stud.hum.ku.dk">{{cite web |url=http://www.stud.hum.ku.dk/opgavebank/Rockerne.html |title=Archived copy |website=www.stud.hum.ku.dk |access-date=12 January 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010430025359/http://www.stud.hum.ku.dk/opgavebank/Rockerne.html |archive-date=30 April 2001 |url-status=dead}}</ref>

{{sfn|Veno|2007a|pp=455}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

===Further reading===
* {{Citation |title=The Mammoth Book of Bikers |first=Arthur |last=Veno |isbn=9780786720460 |publisher=[[Avalon Publishing Group]] |year=2007|ref={{sfnref|Veno|2007a}}}}

{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:da:Bullshit (bande)]]

==N==
{{short description|Scottish gangster (1928–2014)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name          = Walter Norval
| image         = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Walter Burnside Norval
| birth_date    = {{Birth date|1928|02|08|df=yes}}
| birth_place   = [[Glasgow]], Scotland
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2014|08|23|1928|02|08|df=yes}}
| death_place   = Glasgow, Scotland
| other_names   = 
| occupation    = [[Crime boss]]
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = 
| allegiance    = [[XYY Gang]]
| conviction    = Armed robbery (1946) <br> Assault (1948) <br> Attempted murder (1964)
| conviction_penalty = 3 years in [[borstal]] (1946) <br> 18 months' imprisonment (1948) <br> 3 years' imprisonment (1964)
}}
'''Walter Burnside Norval''' (8 February 1928 &ndash; 23 August 2014) was a Scottish [[gangster]]. Known as [[Glasgow]]'s "original Godfather", Norval was the leader of the [[XYY Gang]] and is considered the city's first [[crime boss]].

===Early life===
Norval was born on Ferguson Street in north Glasgow's [[Possilpark]] area on 8 February 1928, the son of [[Protestantism|Protestant]] mother Eva, who operated a room-and-kitchen renting enterprise, and [[Catholicism|Catholic]] father Archie, a businessman who gave up his religion upon marriage. He had two sisters and an older brother, Billy, who was killed when he was hit by a [[Glasgow Corporation]] bus on Renfrew Street in the [[Glasgow city centre|city centre]] when Walter was months old. One of his grandmothers was [[English people|English]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=8-13}} Norval was raised in a top-floor [[tenement]] flat above the Garscube Bar on nearby Garscube Road, which was commonly known as the High Road by locals and was not considered a part of [[Maryhill]] as it is today.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=17}} The location of dozens of pubs, fish and chip shops, grocers, wine shops, pawnbrokers, brothels, dance halls, snooker parlors and nightclubs, the area was also a hub of [[Illegal gambling|street bookies]], gangs and alcohol-related violence.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=7-8}} Other social problems included substandard housing, overcrowding, unemployment and poverty, although Norval remembered the area as a tight-knit working-class community.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=18-19}} He would spend over seventy years of his life, when not in prison, living in the area.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=7-8}} Norval grew up in an era during which [[City of Glasgow Police]] chief constable [[Percy Sillitoe]] described the city as being overrun with [[Glasgow razor gangs|razor gangs]] engaging in open conflict and terrorising ordinary citizens. Silltoe was largely credited with vanquishing Glasgow's [[Interwar Britain|interwar period]] gangs by assembling a squad of hardened police officers nicknamed "[[Untouchables (law enforcement)|the Untouchables]]" to track and disperse the mobs by violent means.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=11}}

Although Norval considered himself Protestant, he was a supporter of [[Celtic F.C.]], a football club more commonly associated with Glasgow's [[Irish Catholic]] community.<ref name="fanid">{{cite book |first=Richard |last=Wilson |title=Inside the Divide |publisher=Canongate Books |date=2012 |page=87}}"What is being asserted is two identities: Rangers and Celtic. There are other boundaries: Protestant and Catholic / Unionist and Republican / Conservative and Socialist...."</ref> As a child, he and his father would travel the country watching Celtic's [[away match]]es.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=9 & 13}} During these trips, Norval would often be taken into pubs and clubs by his father, where he would recite a song written in rememberence of Celtic goalkeeper [[John Thomson (footballer, born 1909)|John Thomson]], who was killed in an [[Old Firm]] match on 5 September 1931.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=13-14}} With his mother and father both constantly absent from home, Norval was a [[latchkey kid]], commonly going without parental supervision and spending most of his formative years fending for himself. His commercial traveller father frequently spent long periods of time representing his confectionary firm Todd, Cunningham & Petrie around shops in [[Troon]], [[Largs]] and the [[Firth of Clyde]] holiday resorts, while his mother was kept busy with her room rental business, which she had started using a modest sum of money paid in compensation by the city after the death of her son Billy, or spending long spells working as a waitress down the [[Ayrshire]] coast during the summer holidays.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=12-13, & 34}} Norval stole for survival from shops, banks and businesses. Although he never felt remorse for his thefts from commercial properties, Norval claims to have never burgled or stole from neighbors or dwellings.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=12}} He was largely denied schooling due to his criminal exploits,{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=14}} and was well known to local police.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=17 & 19}} From the age of six or seven, Norval became a regular spectator of open air [[bare-knuckle]] fights held on waste ground on the banks of the [[Forth and Clyde Canal]] on Sunday afternoons, where men would settle disputes with a one-on-one "square jig" in front of crowds of up to thirty people.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=22-24}} At the age of eight, he and a friend began working for a coalman, delivering [[briquette]]s. After an incident in [[Partick]] in which the coalman refused to pay the boys' wages, Norval and his friend hatched a plot to get revenge on the coalman. The following Saturday, the boys rose early in the morning and visited every house where they remembered the coalman had given coal or briquettes on consignment, having agreed that the money would be collected on Saturday. Norval and his friend made a considerable amount of money by misrepresenting themselves as acting on behalf of the coalman. The two youngsters then went into hiding as it would be a number of weeks before they could return to the streets in safety.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=16-17}} 

Norval became the leader of a gang of young thieves known as the Wee Mob, who carried out [[smash and grab]] robberies of shops and businesses in the Garscube Road area, selling stolen goods onto local [[Bookmaker|bookies]] and [[spiv]]s.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=20-21}} As he accumulated money, Norval spent freely on his friends and earned the nickname "Kid Millions".{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=17}} During [[World War II]], he was among the school-aged Glasgow children [[Evacuations of civilians in Britain during World War II|evacuated]] to the village of [[Lochgoilhead]] in [[Argyll]], where his mother owned a cottage, to escape [[The Blitz|the bombing]] of [[Clydeside]] industrial sites by the ''[[Luftwaffe]]''. Continuing his delinquent behaviour, Norval was eventually banished from Lochgoilhead after a series of incidents, including throwing a brick through a window of a local school he had been sent to.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=40-45}} Shortly after Walter's return to Glasgow aged twelve or thirteen, his father Archie died suddenly from cancer, leaving the boy with virtually no parental guidance.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=22 & 45}} He was taken under the wing of two local hoodlums, John Foy and Joe O'Hara, who were known as the "Kings of the Garscube Road". Foy, in particular, observed the criminal exploits of Norval and his gang with interest.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=46}} Using the wartime [[Blackout (wartime)|blackouts]] to their advantage, the Wee Mob stole lucrative [[Rationing in the United Kingdom#Second World War 1939–1945|rationed]] commodities such as tea and sugar from shops and warehouses for sale on the [[black market]].<ref name="Glasgow Crime Stories: Walter Norval and the XYY gang">[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18877660.glasgow-crime-stories-walter-norval-xyz-gang/ Glasgow Crime Stories: Walter Norval and the XYY gang] Norman Silvester, ''[[Glasgow Times]]'' (22 November 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206003812/https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/18877660.glasgow-crime-stories-walter-norval-xyz-gang/ |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref> Norval was also introduced to the gambling scene through a [[pitch-and-toss]] school in [[Sighthill, Glasgow|Sighthill]] operated by Foy and O'Hara,{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=46}} and he spent his weekends gang fighting at dance halls and in the street.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=51-55}} He reportedly styled himself after [[John Dillinger]] after seeing the 1945 film [[Dillinger (1945 film)|''Dillinger'']] at the Phoenix, a local [[fleapit]] cinema, as a teenager.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=15}}<ref name="Glasgow Crime Stories: Walter Norval and the XYY gang"/><ref name="The story of Glasgow's original Godfather, Walter Norval">[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/history/walter-norval-glasgows-original-godfather-11527510 The story of Glasgow's original Godfather, Walter Norval] Ron McKay, [[Glasgowlive.co.uk]] (2 April 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206004354/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/history/walter-norval-glasgows-original-godfather-11527510 |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref>

===Criminal career===
====Early crimes and military service====
Seeking greater spoils than could be taken from local businesses, the Wee Mob began carrying out late-night burglaries in [[Glasgow city centre]]. The gang's first criminal venture outside of the Garscube Road area was a raid on an office block on Hope Street, near [[Glasgow Central station]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=56-57}} Specialising in breaking and entering, and often benefitting from tip-offs from insiders, Norval and his associates initially enlisted the help of a [[safe blower]] to open premises' safes using explosives. On occasions when the [[peterman]]'s services were unavailable, the gang would utilize sledgehammers and cutters to retrieve the loot.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=61-62}} Graduating to [[armed robbery]], Norval and fellow Wee Mob member John Harris brandished an imitation firearm during the theft of cash and cigarettes from a city centre tobacconist shop on 7 December 1945. The pair were later arrested for the robbery, however, as they were recognised by a girl working in the shop.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=63-64}} After being held at [[HM Prison Barlinnie]] for several weeks, Norval was convicted of the robbery at the [[High Court of Justiciary|High Court]] in [[Edinburgh]] and sentenced to serve three years in [[borstal]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=65-67}} He was a frequent troublemaker at [[HMYOI Polmont|Polmont]] and was occasionally punished with solitary confinement, food restrictions and beatings from guards.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=68-69}} Norval garnered status in the borstal and built a reputation for his fighting prowess.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=72-73}} He also excelled at football, playing for a squad of Polmont inmates against amateur teams from nearby [[Falkirk]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=73-74}}

The borstal system did little to rehabilitate Norval and he returned to the Garscube Road eager to continue his life of crime.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=68 & 76}} Upon his release from Polmont, Norval was [[Conscription in the United Kingdom|conscripted]] into the [[British Army]] for a mandatory two years of service, although he absconded after passing a military medical examination in Edinburgh. He was apprehended by the [[Royal Military Police]] while visiting the home of his mother Eva.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=77-79}} While Walter was in borstal, Eva Norval had begun a relationship with Josef "Joe the Pole" Kotarba, a notorious pimp and brothel keeper who, like many [[Poles|Polish]] former soldiers, settled in Scotland after [[World War II]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=78 & 100}} Kotarba had, at one point, fought on the side of the [[Axis powers]] in the war and could not risk returning to Poland as the [[Polish People's Republic|communist regime]] kept records of Poles who had assisted the Germans.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=105}} Norval suspected that his mother turned him in to the police in order to get rid of him after he began making threats towards Kotarba, who he believed was only interested in Eva's wealth.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=78-79}} After spending ten days at [[Maryhill Barracks]], Norval was posted to [[Catterick Garrison]] in [[Richmond, North Yorkshire|Richmond]], Yorkshire, where he was intended to be assigned to the [[Green Howards]] regiment following an initial six weeks of training. Disgruntled with the military regime, which he found similar to that of borstal, he left the garrison after a week and retuned to Glasgow by train.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=79}} Rearrested a month later, he was posted to [[Hilsea Barracks]] in [[Portsmouth]] before again fleeing to Scotland.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=81-82}} While [[absent without leave]], Norval married Ina McCormick, a niece of prominent local bare knuckle fighter John "the Bull" McCormick, at Glasgow's Martha Street registry office on 2 September 1947.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=79, 81 & 83}} He and his wife lived in rented accommodation on High Craighall Road and later Eagle Street in [[Port Dundas]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=84}}

Norval was eventually detained, court-martialed in [[Aldershot]], and imprisoned at the [[Military Corrective Training Centre]] in [[Colchester]] for three months in 1948. He again rebelled against the prison regime and often found himself confined to a dank and malodourous punishment cell, before he was sent to Bramley in [[Kent]]. When he was relocated again, to Donnington in the north of England, serial deserter Norval altered the destination on a railway pass he had been given to transport himself from [[London]], and he instead arrived at Central station in Glasgow, where he continued to make a living by selling stolen property on the black market.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=86-87}} He was sent back to Barlinnie on remand along with associate Dunky Bathgate after the pair were spotted by police wearing suits stolen in a major raid on a big-name tailor's shop in the city centre, while drinking in a tavern on [[Hogmanay]]. Norval pleaded guilty before [[Glasgow Sheriff Court|Glasgow Sheriff]] Boyd Berry, nicknamed "the Borstal King" because of his strong advocacy of imprisonment for young offenders, while Bathgate pleaded not guilty. Norval was sentenced to three months' imprisonment, and Bathgate to six months'. After serving his sentence, he was taken by an Army corporal and three armed soldiers in a jeep to Central station and then sent to Donnington.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=88-89}} Norval and another prisoner, "Gypsy" Blundred, made it to [[Wolverhampton]] after twelve miles on foot following their escape from the camp. The two men joined up with a funfair that Blundred had worked for, but Norval and Blundred were arrested after a police raid on the fair. He was frequently involved in vicious fights at Donnington due to his temperament, and in one incident attacked and slashed a sergeant hated at the camp for his bullying of young soldiers.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=89-91}} Afterwards, Norval set fire to his mattress and it took a squad of soldiers, led by a captain in the medical core, to quell the one-man mutiny. He planned to get himself expelled from the military as his mentors John Foy and Joe O'Hara had done, by a planned operation of fighting and causing as much trouble as possible. Norval called off a hunger strike after he was repeatedly force fed by the Army.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=91-93}} He then began feigning madness in an effort to regain his freedom, and the efforts to assess his mental fitness convinced the medical corps captain that Norval's violent and conscienceless behaviour was a result of his lonely and unloved childhood.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=92-93}} Despite initial attempts to keep him in general population, Norval was later held in solitary confinement after another prisoner, who in attempt to avoid transfer, slashed his own wrists with a knife which he then hid under a sleeping Norval's bed. He became known as "the Mad Scotsman" by inhabitants of the nearby village after they observed him toiling in a vegetable garden during his daily one-hour exercise time.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=76 & 93-94}} The attack on the sergeant resulted in a full-scale court-martial for Norval, a sentence of eighteen months' hard labour in the [[Glasshouse (British Army)|glasshouse]] at [[HM Prison Shepton Mallet]], and an ignominious discharge. His discharge papers informed him that, should he ever attempt to rejoin the armed forces or the merchant navy, he would be liable to two years in prison.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=94-95}} Norval spent just nineteen days as an ordinary soldier; the rest of his time in the military was spent on the run or in jail.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=79}} 

====Attempted murder conviction====
Back in Glasgow, Norval and his wife Ina moved into his mother Eva's former tenement home on the Garscube Road, while Eva Norval and her partner Josef Kotarba moved into a flat she owned on nearby Ashley Street. Norval's career in crime prospered as he became involved in illegal alcohol operations. Developing contacts in whisky bonds and distilleries, and among railwaymen who had access to shipments of alcohol, he sold contraband alcohol – whisky, in particular – onto a network of pub owners and barmen.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=97-98}} Norval bought a holiday hut in [[Seton Sands]], where he would spend weekends with his family, and became partners in an illegal betting ring with a local bookie. He also directed bookmaking activity at racecourses across the [[Central Belt]], at [[Ayr Racecourse|Ayr]], [[Hamilton Park Racecourse|Hamilton]], [[Lanark Racecourse|Lanark]], [[Musselburgh Racecourse|Musselburgh]] and other locations.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=98-100}}

By the mid-1950s, Norval was supervising his mother's flat rental enterprise, collecting rents from lodgers. Police began raiding the flats in a search for Kotarba, who was a suspect in the murder of Janet Davidson, a prostitute with whom Kotarba was having an affair. In an effort to stop the continual searches of the flats, Norval contacted associates on the east coast, who located Kotarba in [[Musselburgh]]. After being taken to Glasgow's Northern Police Office by Norval, Kotarba and another Pole, Tony Kobuchiac, were questioned over Davidson's murder, but were ultimately released due to a lack of evidence. Eva Norval ended her relationship with Kotarba, and he moved into a flat on West End Park Street in [[Woodlands, Glasgow|Woodlands]], where he operated a brothel. Weeks later, a young woman was found dead in Kotarba's flat; he claimed she was killed by a client, and he again escaped prosecution.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=100-101}}

Norval briefly earned a living via lawful means, working as a clerk for the [[North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board]]. His time in legitimate employment came to an end, however, after he was seriously injured when he was hit by a small train and crushed against a rock wall while working in a tunnel at the [[Rest and be Thankful]] mountain pass. Norval took four months to recover after undergoing life-saving surgery at the [[Western Infirmary]], where he had his spleen removed.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=106-107}} Abandoning the job, he took up [[loansharking]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=107}} Norval and an acquaintance were arrested by police in a brothel owned by Kotarba on West End Park Street, where they had taken refuge after assaulting a taxi driver who Norval had earlier seen beating an old man outside the Jungle Bar in [[Cowcaddens]]. Despite evidence given by a policeman at trial, Norval's case ended in a [[not proven]] verdict. His associate was convicted of [[breach of the peace]] and fined.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=108-109}} Norval was later invited to appear, as an expert on prison life, on an [[Scottish Television]] currents affairs program hosted by Bill Tennant to discuss an outbreak of prison stabbings at the time. He was paid £40 for the appearance – £10 per minute of a four-minute segment.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=113-114}}

In 1963, Norval became involved in a [[feud]], which came to be known as the "War of Norval's Ear", with Michael "Big Mick" Gibson, a racketeer from Glasgow's [[East End of Glasgow|East End]]. The conflict began as a backstreet brawl following a party at Norval's residence, in which Norval attempted to blind Gibson with a knife, succeeding only in cutting him below one eye and above the other. Gibson, in turn, bit off part of Norval's left ear before the pair were separated by neighbours. The following month, Norval was playing dominoes in the Garscube Bar with two associates when he was informed that Gibson was in Fallon's pub on the same street with three of his friends. The East End gang were reportedly armed with knives and were looking to kill Norval in order to take over his Garscube Road territory. Norval armed himself with a knife and stormed Fallon's pub, stabbing Gibson eight times before challenging his three associates, who backed down. Gibson survived the attack; his heart stopped while in an ambulance on the way to hospital, where he underwent a five-hour operation, and he had to be resuscitated. Both men went into hiding afterwards, with Norval taking up residency in [[Townhead]].{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=109-111}} He contacted lawyer [[Joe Beltrami]] and arranged to surrender to police at midnight the following Sunday. The pair arrived at the Northern Police Office, Norval via the [[Glasgow Subway]] and Beltrami in a white [[Mercedes-Benz]] followed by two newspaper crime reporters. Norval showed a complete lack of remorse for his actions, and he demonstrated his sense of humour when asked for a statement by a [[Criminal Investigation Department]] (CID) officer at the police station, responding: "You are a [[Dead ringer (idiom)|dead ringer]] for [[Gordon Smith (footballer, born 1924)|Gordon Smith]] who plays for [[Hibernian F.C.|Hibs]] and [[Scotland national football team|Scotland]]".{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=111-112}} At the resultant court trial, at the [[Glasgow High Court]] in March 1964, Norval was convicted of the [[attempted murder]] of Gibson. Norval's defender, Nicholas Fairbairn [[Queen's Counsel|QC]], in a "remarkable" effort, secured his client a three-year sentence.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=112}} An associate of Norval, Dunky White, was also sentenced to three years' imprisonment for acting as an accomplice. During the trial, the wife of one of Gibson's friends testified that she had heard her husband, Gibson, and a third man who did not feature in the trial planning to kill Norval.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=112-113}}

[[HM Prison Peterhead]]


{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=112-113}}


four children, Archie, Rita, Gerald and Lynn.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=106}}

<ref>[https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13420589.soldier-tramcar-stained-glass-windows/ The soldier, the tramcar, and the stained glass windows] Ken Smith, ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' (14 July 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218143406/https://www.heraldscotland.com/opinion/13420589.soldier-tramcar-stained-glass-windows/ |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bpc4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT161&lpg=PT161&dq=joe+kotarba+glasgow&source=bl&ots=dfs909B4h3&sig=ACfU3U3pImlYszvXvcb1sxQerzztrT2YXA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwienvKP0Yf2AhXTPsAKHThHBMYQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=joe%20kotarba%20glasgow&f=false ''The Real Taggarts: Glasgow's Post-War Crimebusters''] Andrew G Ralston (2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218143840/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Bpc4DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT161&lpg=PT161&dq=joe+kotarba+glasgow&source=bl&ots=dfs909B4h3&sig=ACfU3U3pImlYszvXvcb1sxQerzztrT2YXA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwienvKP0Yf2AhXTPsAKHThHBMYQ6AF6BAgLEAM#v=onepage&q=joe%20kotarba%20glasgow&f=false |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-post-newcastle/20130407/282626030150664 A woman in Glasgow was arrested for the murder of 63-year-old Josef Kotarba] ''[[The Sunday Post]]'' (7 April 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218224453/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/the-sunday-post-newcastle/20130407/282626030150664 |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.sundaypost.com/features/health/the-way-we-were-april-10-1977/ The way we were – April 10, 1977] ''[[The Sunday Post]]'' (29 April 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218144304/https://www.sundaypost.com/features/health/the-way-we-were-april-10-1977/ |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/uk/evening-times/20210602/281925955938501 Mistaken identity leads to jail time] Norman Silvester, ''[[Glasgow Times]]'' (2 June 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218144503/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/evening-times/20210602/281925955938501 |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hBcjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119&lpg=PT119&dq=joe+kotarba+glasgow&source=bl&ots=ZoFbaQwOCk&sig=ACfU3U0YgelMj_m1RbWdZJS9bKhx40tz6w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwienvKP0Yf2AhXTPsAKHThHBMYQ6AF6BAgKEAM#v=onepage&q=joe%20kotarba%20glasgow&f=false ''Blood on the Streets: A-Z of Glasgow Crime''] Robert Jeffrey (2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220218224853/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hBcjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT119&lpg=PT119&dq=joe+kotarba+glasgow&source=bl&ots=ZoFbaQwOCk&sig=ACfU3U0YgelMj_m1RbWdZJS9bKhx40tz6w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwienvKP0Yf2AhXTPsAKHThHBMYQ6AF6BAgKEAM |date=18 February 2022}}</ref>

Following Norval's imprisonment, traditional [[Racket (crime)|rackets]] in Glasgow such as armed robbery dwindled, while the drug trade rose in prominence as it became the main interest of the gang bosses who succeeded him atop the city's underworld.{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=10}} The heroin kingpin [[Arthur Thompson (gangster)|Arthur Thompson]] is perceived by the public, police and crime writers to be the successor to Norval as the city's "godfather".{{sfn|Jeffrey|2003|p=111}}

===Later life===

===Death===
<ref>[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13021562.Walter_Burnside_Norval/ Walter Burnside Norval obituary] ''[[Glasgow Times]]'' (27 August 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220216172134/https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/13021562.Walter_Burnside_Norval/ |date=16 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Glasgow Crime Stories: Walter Norval and the XYY gang"/>

<ref name="The story of Glasgow's original Godfather, Walter Norval"/>

<ref>[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/pictures-glasgow-godfather-walter-norval-4126902 Glasgow Godfather Walter Norval laid to rest by his daughters and Blue Angels biker club] Keith McLeod, ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (29 August 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200328183050/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/pictures-glasgow-godfather-walter-norval-4126902 |date=28 March 2020 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-47657270 'I'm from a crime family but I'm no criminal'] Debbie Jackson, [[BBC Scotland]] (24 March 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206195808/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-47657270 |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/uk/daily-record/20210205/282050509749491 Walter Norval: 1970s Old-school Godfather] ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (5 February 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206200124/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/daily-record/20210205/282050509749491 |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/GODFATHER%27S+SON+MARRIES+AFTER+24-YEAR+ENGAGEMENT%3B+New+wife+Maureen...-a0114209820 Godfather's son marries after 24-year engagement; New wife Maureen `ready at last'] Paula Murray, ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (13 March 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207171935/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/GODFATHER%27S+SON+MARRIES+AFTER+24-YEAR+ENGAGEMENT%3B+New+wife+Maureen...-a0114209820 |date=7 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12268385.former-crime-boss-warned/ Former crime boss warned] ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' (10 June 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206201734/https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12268385.former-crime-boss-warned/ |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/announcements/deaths/in_memoriam/13620221.Walter_Norval/ In Memorium: Walter Norval] ''[[Glasgow Times]]'' (22 August 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220207165835/https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/announcements/deaths/in_memoriam/13620221.Walter_Norval/ |date=7 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.thefreelibrary.com/OLD+GODFATHER+IS+FREED+AFTER+pounds+15+DOPE+BUST%3B+BACK+IN+COURT%3A...-a060419628 Old godfather is freed after £15 dope bust; back in court: former robbery boss hobbles away unnoticed] ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (10 June 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221213823/https://www.thefreelibrary.com/OLD+GODFATHER+IS+FREED+AFTER+pounds+15+DOPE+BUST%3B+BACK+IN+COURT%3A...-a060419628 |date=21 February 2022}}</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0RgjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT223&lpg=PT223&dq=xyy+gang&source=bl&ots=nExzL3k9O7&sig=ACfU3U1LU8hRJeTqpOtd857sHcMiqnDBIA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjz6rir8On1AhVHVsAKHeFDCyQQ6AF6BAhDEAM#v=onepage&q=xyy%20gang&f=false ''Killers, Crooks and Cons: Scotland's Crimes of the Century''] Reg McKay (2007)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/capturing-mob-rare-insight-britains-criminal-underworld-1653957 Capturing the Mob: a rare insight into Britain’s criminal underworld] ''[[The Scotsman]]'' (18 November 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220206202441/https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/capturing-mob-rare-insight-britains-criminal-underworld-1653957 |date=6 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/the-enforcer-how-we-caught-the-xyy-mob-992702 The Enforcer: How we caught the XYY mob] ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (5 October 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160511043257/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/the-enforcer-how-we-caught-the-xyy-mob-992702 |date=11 May 2016 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.scotland.police.uk/what-s-happening/features/1920-2020-a-century-in-review-part-2/ 1920 - 2020: A Century in Review Part 2] scotland.police.uk {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201028202252/https://www.scotland.police.uk/what-s-happening/features/1920-2020-a-century-in-review-part-2/ |date=28 October 2020 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/exclusive-modern-gangsters-are-fake-hardmen-1037871 Exclusive: Modern gangsters are fake hardmen, says former Glasgow godfather Walter Norval] David Taylor, ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (29 September 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161113182116/http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/exclusive-modern-gangsters-are-fake-hardmen-1037871 |date=13 November 2016 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/uk/evening-times/20201118/281964610260031 Ruthless City Robbers] Norman Silvester, ''[[Glasgow Times]]'' (18 November 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220211220759/https://www.pressreader.com/uk/evening-times/20201118/281964610260031 |date=11 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hBcjAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT183&lpg=PT183&dq=walter+norval+mistress&source=bl&ots=ZoFafOBNAk&sig=ACfU3U1qbQByDbuNig--EOUM_jlBSEBfzg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwie8rmT0vj1AhUMesAKHcSGBLcQ6AF6BAgyEAM#v=onepage&q=walter%20norval%20mistress&f=false ''Blood on the Streets: A-Z of Glasgow Crime''] Robert Jeffrey (2004)</ref>

===Further reading===
*{{cite book |last=Jeffrey |first=Robert |title=Glasgow's Godfather: The Astonishing Story of Walter Norval the City's First Crime Boss |location=Edinburgh |publisher=Black & White Publishing |year=2003 |isbn=9781845023485}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:1928 births]]
[[:Category:2014 deaths]]
[[:Category:20th-century Scottish criminals]]
[[:Category:20th-century British Army personnel]]
[[:Category:Scottish male criminals]]
[[:Category:Scottish gangsters]]
[[:Category:British crime bosses]]
[[:Category:Criminals from Glasgow]]
[[:Category:Scottish prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of Scotland]]
[[:Category:People from Maryhill]]
[[:Category:British people convicted of assault]]
[[:Category:British people convicted of attempted murder]]
[[:Category:British people convicted of robbery]]
[[:Category:British Army personnel who were court-martialled]]

==XYY Gang==
{{short description|Scottish crime syndicate}}
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = XYY Gang
| image             = <!-- filename only -->
| image_size        = <!-- defaults to 220px -->
| image_alt         = 
| caption           = 
| founded           = 1960s
| founder           = [[Walter Norval]]
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Glasgow]], Scotland
| years_active      = 1960s–1977
| territory         = [[Greater Glasgow]]
| ethnicity         = 
| membership        = 
| leaders           = 
| activities        = Racketeering, robbery, extortion
| allies            = [[Blue Angels Motorcycle Club|Blue Angels MC]]
| rivals            = 
| notable_members   = 
}}
The '''XYY Gang''', also known as the '''Govan Team''', was an [[organised crime]] syndicate active in [[Glasgow]], Scotland in the 1960s and 1970s.

===References===
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:Organizations established in the 1960s]]
[[:Category:1960s establishments in Scotland]]
[[:Category:Organizations disestablished in 1977]]
[[:Category:1977 disestablishments in Scotland]]
[[:Category:Organisations based in Glasgow]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Scotland]]
[[:Category:Crime in Glasgow]]

==Thompson==
<ref name="Glasgow Crime Stories : The murder of Arthur Thompson Jnr">[https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/19832858.glasgow-crime-stories-murder-arthur-thompson-jnr/ Glasgow Crime Stories : The murder of Arthur Thompson Jnr] Norman Silvester, ''[[Glasgow Times]]'' (10 January 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618163346/https://www.glasgowtimes.co.uk/news/19832858.glasgow-crime-stories-murder-arthur-thompson-jnr/ |date= 18 June 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Glasgow's gangsters - Arthur Thompson, the Godfather">[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgow-gangster-arthur-thompson-crime-11344927 Glasgow's gangsters - Arthur Thompson, the Godfather] Ron McKay, [[Glasgowlive.co.uk]] (30 May 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618170203/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgow-gangster-arthur-thompson-crime-11344927 |date=18 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Glasgow's gangsters: Paul Ferris, from Blackhill to the Old Bailey">[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-paul-ferris-blackhill-11345372 Glasgow's gangsters: Paul Ferris, from Blackhill to the Old Bailey] (15 March 2017) Ron McKay, [[Glasgowlive.co.uk]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618170536/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-paul-ferris-blackhill-11345372 |date=18 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Glasgow's gangsters, Tam 'The Licensee' McGraw">[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-tam-licensee-mcgraw-11345912 Glasgow's gangsters, Tam 'The Licensee' McGraw] Ron McKay, [[Glasgowlive.co.uk]] (1 June 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618170756/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-tam-licensee-mcgraw-11345912 |date=18 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Glasgow's gangsters, Stewart 'Specky' Boyd and FCB">[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-stewart-specky-boyd-11346014 Glasgow's gangsters, Stewart 'Specky' Boyd and FCB] Ron McKay, [[Glasgowlive.co.uk]] (31 May 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618171446/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-stewart-specky-boyd-11346014 |date=18 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Glasgow's Gangsters, the McGovernment">[https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-the-mcgovernment-11346354 Glasgow's Gangsters, the McGovernment] Ron McKay, [[Glasgowlive.co.uk]] (22 May 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618171100/https://www.glasgowlive.co.uk/news/glasgow-news/glasgows-gangsters-the-mcgovernment-11346354 |date=18 June 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="The McGovernment's £14 million fortune">[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/the-mcgovernments-14-million-fortune-983052 The McGovernment's £14 million fortune] ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (1 July 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220618193634/https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/uk-world-news/the-mcgovernments-14-million-fortune-983052 |date=18 June 2022}}</ref>


https://web.archive.org/web/20220618193022/https://www.kvoa.com/news/four-of-six-arrested-in-warrants-raid-from-pima-county/article_f96bee5e-de30-11ec-bf87-2bf0df94729a.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20220618193334/https://www.kvoa.com/news/biker-brawl-that-resulted-in-8-arrests-in-pima-county-was-over-territory/article_faa9646c-ee03-11ec-81c4-7300d416f474.html

==Richard Foronjy==
{{Infobox person
| name          = Richard Foronjy
| image         = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date    = {{Birth date and age|1937|08|03}}
| birth_place   = [[New York City]], New York, United States
| death_date    = <!-- {{Death date and age|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} (DEATH date then BIRTH date) -->
| death_place   = 
| nationality   = <!-- use only when necessary per [[WP:INFONAT]] -->
| other_names   = 
| occupation    = 
| years_active  = 1973–2003
| known_for     = 
| notable_works = 
}}

'''Richard Foronjy''' (born August 3, 1937) is an American former film and television actor.

=== Biography ===
One of five brothers, Foronjy was raised in [[Flatlands, Brooklyn]] and began his acting career after serving an eight-year prison sentence for an armed robbery conviction. He served his sentence at [[Clinton Correctional Facility]] as well as other institutions in [[upstate New York]], and learned two trades – butchery and acting – while in prison.<ref name="Pasts Imperfect">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491619694/ Pasts Imperfect] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 14, 1987)</ref> His younger brother Frank was at one time best friends with gangster [[Roy DeMeo]].<ref name=p32>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/32 32]}}</ref> In a 1986 ''[[New York Daily News]]'' interview, Foronjy stated "Life in prison was a battle; then when I got out, I had to battle the bullies in the old neighborhood, then I had to move and had to battle the loneliness".<ref name="No Pain, No Gain">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/492705328/ No Pain, No Gain] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (December 24, 1986)</ref>

<ref name="From felony to fame">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/01/20/Scotts-WorldNEWLNFrom-felony-to-fame/1749538117200/ From felony to fame] [[United Press International]] (January 20, 1987)</ref>

<ref name="''X Films: True Confessions of a Radical Filmmaker''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7OGPDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT62&lpg=PT62&dq=richard+foronjy+prison&source=bl&ots=0jWB9UnXPQ&sig=ACfU3U1ZgsUGFB93ckBEVvAVEHBYXO3i8A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi0q9PYg7nzAhVWQEEAHfwJDM8Q6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=richard%20foronjy%20prison&f=false ''X Films: True Confessions of a Radical Filmmaker''] Alex Cox (2008)</ref>

=== Filmography ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Film
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1973
| ''[[Serpico]]''
| Corsaro
|
|-
| 1974
| ''[[The Gambler (1974 film)|The Gambler]]''
| Donny
|
|-
| 1977
| ''[[Fun with Dick and Jane (1977 film)|Fun with Dick and Jane]]''
| Landscape Man
| 
|-
| 1978
| ''[[The One Man Jury]]''
| Al
|
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1979
| ''[[The Fish That Saved Pittsburgh]]''
| Mike
|
|-
| ''[[The Jerk]]''
| Con Man
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1981
| ''[[Prince of the City]]''
| Detective Joe Marinaro
|
|-
| ''[[True Confessions (film)|True Confessions]]''
| Ambulance Driver
|
|-
| ''[[Gangster Wars]]''
| Umberto, Joe the Boss' Bodyguard
| Uncredited
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1984
| ''[[Repo Man (film)|Repo Man]]''
| Plettschner
|
|-
| ''[[Once Upon a Time in America]]''
| Whitey
| Credited as Richard Foronji
|-
| ''[[City Heat]]''
| Poker Player
| 
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1986
| ''[[Odd Jobs (1986 film)|Odd Jobs]]''
| Manny
|
|-
| ''The Check Is in the Mail...''
| Tony
| 
|-
| ''[[The Morning After (1986 film)|The Morning After]]''
| Sergeant Herb Greenbaum
| 
|-
| 1987
| ''The Galucci Brothers''
| Galucci Brother
| 
|-
| 1988
| ''[[Midnight Run]]''
| Tony Darvo
| 
|-
| 1989
| ''[[Ghostbusters II]]''
| Con Ed Supervisor
| 
|-
| 1991
| ''[[Oscar (1991 film)|Oscar]]''
| Knucky
| 
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1992
| ''Fatal Instinct''
| Cy Tarr
|
|-
| ''[[The Public Eye (film)|The Public Eye]]''
| Frank Farinelli
| 
|-
| rowspan="2" | 1993
| ''[[DaVinci's War]]''
| Hamlet
|
|-
| ''[[Carlito's Way]]''
| Pete Amadesso
| 
|-
| 1995
| ''[[Man of the House (1995 film)|Man of the House]]''
| Murray
|
|-
| 1997
| ''Dumb Luck in Vegas''
| Mr. Genie
|
|-
| rowspan="3" | 1998
| ''[[Recoil (1998 film)|Recoil]]''
| Vincent Sloan
|
|-
| ''Hoods''
| Tony
| 
|-
| ''[[Evasive Action (film)|Evasive Action]]''
| Vince
| 
|-
| 2003
| ''Hot Parts''
| Ricolli
|
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+ Television
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class="unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1987
| ''[[Miami Vice]]''
| Arzola
| Episode: "Theresa"
|-
| 1987
| ''[[The Equalizer]]''
| Roadie / Shopkeeper
| 2 episodes
|-
|2021
|''Worn Stories''
|Himself
|
|-
|}

=== External links ===
* {{IMDb name|0286561}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

[[:Category:1937 births]]
[[:Category:Living people]]
[[:Category:American male film actors]]
[[:Category:American male television actors]]
[[:Category:Male actors from New York City]]
[[:Category:People from Flatlands, Brooklyn]]
[[:Category:American people convicted of robbery]]
[[:Category:American prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States]]

==Social problems==
Milton has been plagued by [[urban decay]] for decades, with social problems partially caused the lack of facilities and few opportunities for entertainment in the area, such as drug abuse and gang fighting, first emerging in the late 1960s. With no factory/industrial work in the area and most community amenities which could offer employment such as shops or pubs required travel by car or public transport

Milton was plagued by high rates of unemployment until the late 1980s.


<ref>[https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/councillorsandcommittees/viewSelectedDocument.asp?c=P62AFQDNDN81UTNTDN Lambhill and Milton] Glasgow.gov.uk (October 2017)</ref>

The area has also seen significant [[organised crime]] activity, including numerous [[gangland killing]]s.<ref>[https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/mother-billyjoe-bates-makes-emotional-20939679 Mum of Billyjoe Bates urges Glasgow gangsters to stop protecting son's killer] Mark McGivern, ''[[Daily Record (Scotland)|Daily Record]]'' (23 November 2019)</ref><ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-glasgow-west-58376104 Murder probe as Glasgow shooting victim dies] [[BBC]] (30 August 2021)</ref>

==Kickboxing record==
{| class="wikitable collapsible" style="font-size:88%; width:100%; text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=9  | Kickboxing record
|-
| style="background:white" colspan=9  |'''59 Wins (31 (T)KO's), 14 Losses, 1 Draw'''
|-
! Date || Result || Opponent || Event || Location || Method || Round || Time || Record
|-
| 13 April 2018
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|Poland}} Marcin Różalski
| DSF Kickboxing Challenge 14
| TKO
| 
|-
| 29 May 2014
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|Morocco}} [[Badr Hari]]
| [[Global Fighting Championship|GFC]] Fight Series 1 - Heavyweight Tournament, Final, [[Dubai, UAE]]
| TKO (punches)
| 1
| 1:33
|-
| 29 May 2014
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|Lithuania}} [[Arnold Oborotov]]
| [[Global Fighting Championship|GFC]] Fight Series 1 - Heavyweight Tournament, Semi Finals, [[Dubai, UAE]]
| Extension round decision (majority)
| 4
| 3:00
|-
| 23 March 2013
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} Erik Nosa
| Capital Punishment 7, [[Canberra, Australia]]
| KO (right low kick)
| 1
| 1:43
|-
| 7 October 2012
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|IRN}} Prince Ali
| HEAT 24, [[Nagoya, Japan]]
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 20 August 2011
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|POL}} [[Paul Slowinski]]
| Kings of Kombat 4, [[Keysborough]], Australia, I.S.K.A. Heavyweight World Title
| KO
| 3
|
|-
| 2 April 2011
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|Australia}} Andre Meunier
| Kings of Combat 3, [[Keysborough]], Australia
| TKO (low kicks and punches)
| 3
|
|-
| 29 August 2010
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Doug Viney]]
| Kings of Combat, [[Keysborough]], Australia, I.S.K.A. Heavyweight World Title
| TKO (leg kicks)
| 5
|
|-
| 5 August 2007
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Badr Hari]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2007 in Hong Kong]]
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 28 April 2006
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Jerrel Venetiaan]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2007 in Hawaii]], USA
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 31 December 2006
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Semmy Schilt]]
| [[K-1 Premium 2006 Dynamite!!]], Japan
| Decision (unanimous)
| 5
| 3:00
|-
| 18 November 2006
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Doug Viney]]
| [[K-1 Kings of Oceania 2006 Round 3]], New Zealand
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 11 November 2006
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|JPN}} Yuki Kamikaze
| Macau X-plosion, Macau
| TKO (low kicks)
| 2
|
|-
| 16 September 2006
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Andrew Peck]]
| [[K-1 Kings of Oceania 2006 Round 2]], New Zealand
| TKO (low kicks)
| 2
|
|-
| 18 August 2006
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|BLR}} Andrei Malchanau
| X-plosion 13, Sydney, Australia
| TKO (referee stoppage)
| 1
|
|-
| 24 June 2006
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|SAM}} Matt Samoa
| [[K-1 Kings of Oceania 2006 Round 1]], New Zealand
| KO (right hook)
| 1
| 2:16
|-
| 5 March 2006
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|POL}} [[Paul Slowinski]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Auckland]], New Zealand
| TKO (low kicks)
| 2
| 1:42
|-
| 5 March 2006
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|MAR}} [[Badr Hari]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2006 in Auckland]], New Zealand
| KO (rolling thunder)
| 3
| 2:54
|-
| 10 December 2005
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Ricardo van den Bos]]
| [[K-1 Kings of Oceania 2005 Round 3]], Australia
| KO (punches)
| 1
| 1:19
|-
| 8 October 2005
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} Jay Hepi
| [[K-1 Kings of Oceania 2005 Round 2]], New Zealand
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 30 July 2005
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Rony Sefo]]
| [[K-1 Kings of Oceania 2005 Round 1]], New Zealand
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 30 April 2005
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|BLR}} [[Alexey Ignashov]]
| [[K-1 Battle of Anzacs II]], New Zealand
| 2nd Ext. R Decision
| 5
| 3:00
|-
| 5 November 2004
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jason Suttie]]
| [[K-1 Oceania MAX 2004]], New Zealand
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 16 July 2004
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jason Suttie]]
| [[Kings of Oceania 2004]], New Zealand
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 16 July 2004
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|POL}} [[Paul Slowinski]]
| [[Kings of Oceania 2004]], New Zealand
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 16 July 2004
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} Hiriwa Te-Rangi
| [[Kings of Oceania 2004]], New Zealand
| KO (rolling thunder)
|1
|1:59
|-
| 6 March 2004
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|ALB}} [[Xhavit Bajrami]]
| Kings of the Ring, Pristina, Kosovo, Serbia
| Decision
| 5
| 3:00
|-
| 6 December 2003
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|NED}} [[Remy Bonjasky]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2003]], Japan
| TKO (referee stoppage)
| 1
| 2:58
|-
| 11 October 2003
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Sam Greco]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 Final Elimination]], Japan
| TKO (leg injury)
| 2
| 0:30
|-
| 27 July 2003
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jason Suttie]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Melbourne]], Australia
| Decision (unanimous)
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 27 July 2003
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|PNG}} Mitch O'Hello
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Melbourne]], Australia
| Ext.R TKO (punch)
| 4
| 0:47
|-
| 27 July 2003
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|CRO}} [[Josip Bodrozic]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2003 in Melbourne]], Australia
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 27 April 2003
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Chris Chrispoulides
| License to Thrill, Australia
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 24 April 2003
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} Mike Angove
| Fights in Dunedin, New Zealand
| TKO (knees)
| 2
| 0:55
|-
| 31 August 2002
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} Hiriwa Te-Rangi
| WKBF World Super Heavyweight Title, Dunedin, NZ
| Decision
| 5
| 3:00
|-
| 12 July 2002
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jason Suttie]]
| KB4 Fightnight, Sydney, Australia
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 12 July 2002
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Chris Chrispoulides
| KB4 Fightnight, Sydney, Australia
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 1 September 2001
| style="background: #c5d2ea" |Draw
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Jason Suttie]]
| JNI Promotions, Star City, Australia
| Draw
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 21 July 2001
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Mark Hunt]]
| [[K-1 New Zealand Grand Prix 2001]]
| Decision
| 5
| 3:00
|-
| 29 April 2001
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Adam Watt]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Osaka]], Japan
| KO (left punch)
| 2
| 1:29
|-
| 29 April 2001
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|RSA}} [[Jan Nortje]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 in Osaka]], Japan
| Ext. R Decision
| 4
| 3:00
|-
| 7 April 2001
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Fadi Hadara
| Australia vs USA, Sydney, Australia
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 24 February 2001
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Mark Hunt]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary Melbourne]], Australia
| KO (right uppercut)
| 3
| 2:10
|-
| 24 February 2001
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|NZL}} [[Rony Sefo]]
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary Melbourne]], Australia
| Decision
| 3
| 3:00
|-
| 24 February 2001
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|AUS}} Phil Fagan
| [[K-1 World Grand Prix 2001 Preliminary Melbourne]], Australia
| TKO (2 knockdowns)
| 2
|
|-
| 19 November 2000
| {{no2}}Loss
| {{flagicon|AUS}} [[Stan Longinidis]]
| K-1 Oceania Star Wars 2000, Australia
| Decision (unanimous)
| 10
| 2:00
|-
| 10 September 2000
| {{yes2}}Win
| {{flagicon|TUR}} Gurkan Ozkan
| [[K-1 Oceania Dream]], Australia
| Ext.R TKO (3 knockdowns)
| 4
|
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-06-24 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|SAM}} Clay Aumitagi || Bradford's Show || [[Sydney, New South Wales, Australia]] || Decision || 3 || 3:00 || 
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-05-14 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} Ben Hamilton || [[K-1 Revenge Oceania]] || [[Melbourne, Victoria, Australia]] || TKO (doctor stoppage) || 2 || || 
|-
|- style="background:#cfc;"
| 2000-04-08 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} Shane Wijohn || Bound for Glory || [[New South Wales, Australia]] || TKO (low kicks and punches) || 1 || ||  
|-
| colspan=9 |
'''''Legend''''': {{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win |border=1px solid #CCFFCC}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss |border=1px solid #FFBBBB}}
{{legend2|#c5d2ea|Draw/No contest |border=1px solid #c5d2ea}}
{{legend2|White|Notes |border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|}

==Denis Gilhooly==
{{Infobox person
| name          = Denis Gilhooly
| image         = <!-- filename only, no "File:" or "Image:" prefix, and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = <!-- only use if different from name -->
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1960|06|15|df=yes}}
| birth_place   = [[Epsom]], England, United Kingdom
| death_date    = {{Death date and age|2020|12|18|1960|06|15|df=yes}}
| death_place   = [[Beijing]], China
| nationality   = Irish
| other_names   = 
| occupation    = Philanthropist, [[United Nations]] official
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = 
| notable_works = 
}}
'''Denis Gilhooly''' (15 June 1960 – 18 December 2020) was an Irish philanthropist and [[United Nations]] (UN) official. His career in information and communications technology and health spanned three decades.

=== Early life and education ===
The middle child and only son of Irish immigrant parents Anne ([[née]] Byrne) and James "Jim" Gilhooly, from [[Dromahair]], Denis Gilhooly was born in [[Epsom]], [[Surrey]], England. Both his parents worked in the mental health sector; his father was a nursing assistant and his mother was a night nurse. Gilhooly spent his childhood summers in [[Leitrim]] and [[Sligo]].<ref name="Denis Gilhooly obituary: A digital healthcare pioneer">[https://www.irishtimes.com/life-and-style/people/denis-gilhooly-obituary-a-digital-healthcare-pioneer-1.4495019 Denis Gilhooly obituary: A digital healthcare pioneer] ''[[The Irish Times]]'' (25 February 2021)</ref> He attended [[St Andrew's Catholic School]] in [[Leatherhead]], Surrey and later became the first member of his family to attend university, gaining a [[Bachelor of Arts]] honors degree in [[English literature]] from the [[Cambridge School of Art]] and a [[master's degree]] in the [[works of Shakespeare]] from the [[Shakespeare Institute]].<ref name="Communications Week International founder Denis Gilhooly, who became digital health visionary, dies aged 60">[https://pressgazette.co.uk/computer-week-international-founder-denis-gilhooly-who-became-digital-health-visionary-dies-aged-60/ Communications Week International founder Denis Gilhooly, who became digital health visionary, dies aged 60] Brenda Gilhooly, ''[[Press Gazette]]'' (5 February 2021)</ref>

=== Career ===
https://rip.ie/death-notice/denis-gilhooly--sligo/446993

=== Personal life ===
Gilhooly underwent a [[craniotomy]] and suffered from [[epilepsy]] after being shot in the head.<ref name="UN exec keels over">[https://pagesix.com/2012/07/20/un-exec-keels-over/ UN exec keels over] [[pagesix.com]] (July 20, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112221234/https://pagesix.com/2012/07/20/un-exec-keels-over/ |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref>

On 18 July 2012, Gilhooly was treated by paramedics after collapsing outside [[The Palm (restaurant)|The Palm Too]] steakhouse in [[Midtown Manhattan]], New York City. He had reportedly been drinking in a nearby bar earlier, and was escorted from the restaurant due to being inebriated, dropping UN documents in his possession on the restaurant floor and in the street outside. Gilhooly later denied being drunk, explaining that his condition was a result of his epilepsy.<ref name="UN exec keels over"/>

=== Death ===
Gilhooly was based in China in the final year of his life, working on the Digital Health Network with the [[World Health Organization]] alongside the [[GIO (software)|GIO]] and [[TM Forum]]. He died in [[Beijing]] on 18 December 2020 after a short illness.<ref name="Denis Gilhooly obituary: A digital healthcare pioneer"/><ref name="Communications Week International founder Denis Gilhooly, who became digital health visionary, dies aged 60"/>

=== References ===
{{reflist}}

[[:Category:1960 births]]
[[:Category:2020 deaths]]
[[:Category:Irish philanthropists]]
[[:Category:United Nations officials]]
[[:Category:Shooting survivors]]

==Organised crime==
[[Organised crime]] in South Africa began to emerge in the 1980s

International motorcycle gangs including the [[Hells Angels]],<ref>[https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/cops-find-drugs-galore-in-hells-angels-bust-97266 Cops find drugs galore in Hell's Angels bust] [[Independent Online (South Africa)|Independent Online]] (9 November 2002)</ref> the [[Gypsy Joker Motorcycle Club|Gypsy Jokers]]<ref>[https://citizen.co.za/news/south-africa/285612/racist-biker-attack-footage-allegedly-leaked-video/ ‘Racist’ biker attack footage allegedly leaked (video)] Hlabangani Mtshali, ''[[The Citizen (South African newspaper)|The Citizen]]'' (3 December 2014)</ref> and [[Satudarah]]<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/south-africa/sunday-times-1107/20200112/281784221034099 Slain biker boss linked to club wars] Grame Hoskin, ''[[Sunday Times (South Africa)|Sunday Times]]'' (12 January 2020)</ref>

https://media.africaportal.org/documents/Paper_28.pdf

<ref>[https://globalinitiative.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Organised-Crime-in-Late-Apartheid-and-the-Transition-to-a-New-Criminal-Order-The-Rise-and-Fall-of-the-Johannesburg-Bouncer-Mafia.pdf ''Organised Crime in Late Apartheid and the Transition to a New Criminal Order: The Rise and Fall of the Johannesburg ‘Bouncer Mafia’''] Mark Shaw and Simone, ''[[Journal of Southern African Studies]]'' (30 June 2016)</ref>

===Chinese mafia===

===Israeli mafia===

===Nigerian mafia===

===Russian mafia===

===Serbian mafia===

==List of Gambino crime family members==
{{about|active members of the [[Gambino crime family]]|past and inactive members who have been killed, died or became informants|List of former Gambino crime family members}}
{{short description|Wikipedia list article}}

http://www.streetgangs.com/billboard/viewtopic.php?t=42313

https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/2018/01/gambino-family-2002.html

http://mafiamembershipcharts.blogspot.com/2017/11/gambino-family-membership-chart-1980.html

http://www.gangsterbb.net/threads/ubbthreads.php?ubb=printthread&Board=8&main=29171&type=thread

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2011/nine-gambino-crime-family-members-sentenced-in-manhattan-federal-court-for-racketeering-murder-conspiracy-extortion-sex-trafficking-and-other-crimes

https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/captain-and-10-members-and-associates-gambino-crime-family-plead-guilty-crimes

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-2nd-circuit/1230304.html

===Current members===
====Carmine Agnello====
{{Main|Carmine Agnello}}

====Anthony Bazzini====
'''Anthony Bazzini''' (born {{circa}} 1960) is a [[Soldato|soldier]] from [[Glen Head, New York|Glen Head]], [[Long Island]].<ref>[https://www.longislandpress.com/2013/01/16/glen-head-man-nabbed-in-mob-run-trash-ring-bust/ Glen Head Man Nabbed in Mob-Trash Ring Bust] Timothy Bolger, ''[[Long Island Press]]'' (January 16, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112220220/https://www.longislandpress.com/2013/01/16/glen-head-man-nabbed-in-mob-run-trash-ring-bust/ |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> He was convicted of a federal extortion charge in 2003 relating to the threatening of a stockbroker.<ref>[https://www.pressreader.com/usa/new-york-post/20140625/281522224174014 A bad call by 'thug'] Rich Calder, ''[[New York Post]]'' (June 25, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112220829/https://www.pressreader.com/usa/new-york-post/20140625/281522224174014 |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://nypost.com/2014/06/23/feds-ask-judge-to-ignore-plea-for-leniency-by-alleged-mobster/ Feds ask judge to ignore plea for leniency by alleged mobster] Rich Calder, ''[[New York Post]]'' (June 23, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112221016/https://nypost.com/2014/06/23/feds-ask-judge-to-ignore-plea-for-leniency-by-alleged-mobster/ |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref>

Bazzini was among 32 alleged members and associates of the Gambino, [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]] and [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]] families arrested on January 16, 2013 on various federal charges, including racketeering, extortion and loan sharking, following a four-year investigation into organized crime's influence on the [[waste management]] industry in the [[New York metropolitan area]].<ref>[https://eu.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/01/17/arrests-mob-trash-hauling-probe/1841745/ 32 charged in N.Y. Mob trash-hauling probe] Shawn Cohen and Jonathan Bandler, ''[[USA Today]]'' (January 16, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113150300/https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/nation/2013/01/17/arrests-mob-trash-hauling-probe/1841745/ |date=January 13, 2022}}</ref><ref>[https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/32-individuals-charged-manhattan-federal-court-connection-alleged-organized-crime 32 Individuals Charged In Manhattan Federal Court In Connection With Alleged Organized Crime Scheme To Control The Commercial Waste Disposal Industry] [[justice.gov]] (January 16, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112202301/https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/32-individuals-charged-manhattan-federal-court-connection-alleged-organized-crime |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> The alleged "ghost owner" of a [[Ronkonkoma, New York|Ronkonkoma]]-based garbage hauling business,<ref>[https://nypost.com/2013/12/02/mafia-defendant-im-no-tony-soprano/ Mafia defendant: I’m no Tony Soprano] Rich Calder, ''[[New York Post]]'' (December 2, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113150852/https://nypost.com/2013/12/02/mafia-defendant-im-no-tony-soprano/ |date=January 13, 2022}}</ref> he was one of the twelve defendants charged with participating in a [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act|Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organization]] (RICO) enterprise.<ref>[https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2013/thirty-two-individuals-charged-in-manhattan-federal-court-in-connection-with-alleged-organized-crime-scheme-to-control-the-commercial-waste-disposal-industry Thirty-Two Individuals Charged in Manhattan Federal Court in Connection with Alleged Organized Crime Scheme to Control the Commercial Waste Disposal Industry] [[fbi.gov]] (January 16, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112202320/https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2013/thirty-two-individuals-charged-in-manhattan-federal-court-in-connection-with-alleged-organized-crime-scheme-to-control-the-commercial-waste-disposal-industry |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> The investigation began in 2008 when an extortion victim of the enterprise became a [[confidential informant]] for the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) after he was prosecuted for a sex crime, which he later pleaded guilty to.<ref>[https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/trash-informant-mob-suspect-article-1.1579975 Lawyer for Anthony Bazzini, a reputed mobster, wants grill wire-wearing perv cooperating in trash industry conspiracy case] Daniel Beekman, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (January 14, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112200659/https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/trash-informant-mob-suspect-article-1.1579975 |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> On January 16, 2014, Bazzini pleaded guilty to interfering with commerce by threatening bodily harm between 2011 and 2012.<ref name="2 alleged mobsters cop pleas in extortion case">[https://nypost.com/2014/01/17/2-alleged-mobsters-cop-pleas-in-extortion-case/ 2 alleged mobsters cop pleas in extortion case] Rich Calder, ''[[New York Post]]'' (January 17, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112220018/https://nypost.com/2014/01/17/2-alleged-mobsters-cop-pleas-in-extortion-case/ |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> He was sentenced to a year in prison and fined $3,000 on June 24, 2014,<ref>[https://nypost.com/2014/06/24/garbage-carting-mobster-sentenced-for-violent-threats/ Garbage carting mobster sentenced for violent threats] Rich Calder, ''[[New York Post]]'' (June 24, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220112215719/https://nypost.com/2014/06/24/garbage-carting-mobster-sentenced-for-violent-threats/ |date=January 12, 2022}}</ref> and was released from custody on July 9, 2015.<ref name="Federal inmate locator">[https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ Federal inmate locator] [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113151406/https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ |date=January 13, 2022}}</ref>

====Vincent Beltempo====
'''Vincent J. Beltempo''' (born July 1, 1935)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/> is a [[Soldato|soldier]]

<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island"/>

====Thomas Cacciopoli====
{{Main|Thomas Cacciopoli}}

====John Carneglia====
{{Main|John Carneglia}}

====Domenico Cefalù====
{{Main|Domenico Cefalù}}

====Anthony Ciccone====
{{Main|Anthony Ciccone}}

====Pasquale Conte====
{{Main|Pasquale Conte}}

====Joseph Corozzo====
{{Main|Joseph Corozzo}}

====Nicholas Corozzo====
{{Main|Nicholas Corozzo}}

====Jackie D'Amico====
{{Main|Jackie D'Amico}}

====Leonard DiMaria====
{{Main|Leonard DiMaria}}

====Daniel Fama====
'''Daniel Fama''' is a [[Soldato|soldier]]

https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/nys/pressreleases/April13/DanielFamaArrestPR/Fama,%20Daniel%20et%20al.%20Indictment.pdf

https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/nyc-crime/feds-drop-case-daniel-fama-alleged-gotti-hit-man-article-1.1745092

https://nypost.com/2014/04/03/gambino-pal-cleared-in-final-gotti-ordered-hit/

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2014/04/fama-wouldnt-roll-gambino-associate.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230206191750/https://www.ganglandnews.com/

====Anthony Franco====
'''Anthony Franco''' is a [[Soldato|soldier]]. He is the son of [[Salvatore Franco]], and nephew of [[Joseph Franco]]. A labor racketeer, Franco was expelled from Laborers' International Union of North America Local 1018, where he was secretary-treasurer, for associating with members of organized crime. His father, the Local's president, was also ousted.

<ref name="Laborers' Union Tries to Oust Officials of Benefits Funds">[https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/13/nyregion/laborers-union-tries-to-oust-officials-of-benefits-funds.html Laborers' Union Tries to Oust Officials of Benefits Funds] Steven Greenhouse, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 13, 2005) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111202433/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/13/nyregion/laborers-union-tries-to-oust-officials-of-benefits-funds.html |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>


<ref name="Judge To Tough-Talking Labor Racketeer: Get Ready For More Than Five Years In Prison">[https://web.archive.org/web/20220111201826/https://nypost.com/2007/01/15/mobster-is-on-the-menu/ Judge To Tough-Talking Labor Racketeer: Get Ready For More Than Five Years In Prison] [[Jerry Capeci]], ganglandnews.com (April 26, 2018)</ref>

<ref name="Brooklyn DA and feds smoke out mob influences in LIUNA union">[https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-da-feds-smoke-mob-influences-liuna-union-article-1.122926 Brooklyn DA and feds smoke out mob influences in LIUNA union] Brian Kates, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (March 7, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111192558/https://www.nydailynews.com/new-york/brooklyn/brooklyn-da-feds-smoke-mob-influences-liuna-union-article-1.122926 |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Freeport man pleads guilty to shaking down construction companies">[https://www.newsday.com/long-island/crime/freeport-man-admits-to-shaking-down-construction-companies-1.13954456 Freeport man pleads guilty to shaking down construction companies] John Riley, ''[[Newsday]]'' (August 8, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111191128/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/crime/freeport-man-admits-to-shaking-down-construction-companies-1.13954456 |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/rammers-pavers-union-v-falzone ''Rammers Pavers Union v. Falzone''] casetext.com (May 12, 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111215102/https://casetext.com/case/rammers-pavers-union-v-falzone |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

====Joseph Franco====
'''Joseph Franco'''

https://nypost.com/2011/03/06/family-restaurant/

====Salvatore Franco====
'''Salvatore "Sal" Franco''' (born {{circa}} 1936) is a ''[[caporegime]]'' in [[Manhattan]]. He is the brother of [[Joseph Franco]], father of [[Anthony Franco]], and nephew of [[Joseph Arcuri]].

<ref>[https://nypost.com/2007/01/15/mobster-is-on-the-menu/ 'Mobster' is on the menu] Murray Weiss, ''[[New York Post]]'' (January 15, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111201826/https://nypost.com/2007/01/15/mobster-is-on-the-menu/ |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Judge To Tough-Talking Labor Racketeer: Get Ready For More Than Five Years In Prison"/>

<ref name="Laborers' Union Tries to Oust Officials of Benefits Funds"/>

<ref name="Freeport man pleads guilty to shaking down construction companies"/>

<ref name="Brooklyn DA and feds smoke out mob influences in LIUNA union"/>

<ref>[http://mafiahistory.us/nw-dileop03.html Gambino Family insider: DiLeonardo testimony] mafiahistory.us {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111203102/http://mafiahistory.us/nw-dileop03.html |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

====Joseph Francolino====
'''Joseph "Joey Cigars" Francolino'''

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/11/20/nyregion/mob-leader-ordered-to-jail.html

====Rosario Gambino====
{{Main|Rosario Gambino}}

====Thomas Gambino====
{{Main|Thomas Gambino}}

====Gene Gotti====
{{Main|Gene Gotti}}

====Richard G. Gotti====
{{Main|Richard G. Gotti}}

====Richard V. Gotti====
{{Main|Richard V. Gotti}}

====Joe Isgro====
{{Main|Joe Isgro}}

====Joseph Juliano====
{{Main|Joseph Juliano}}

====Salvatore LoCascio====
{{Main|Salvatore LoCascio}}

====Daniel Marino====
{{Main|Daniel Marino}}

====Richard Martino====
{{Main|Richard Martino}}

====Onofrio Modica====
'''Onofrio "Noel" Modica''' (born {{circa}} 1964) is a [[Soldato|soldier]]

====Dominick Pizzonia====
{{Main|Dominick Pizzonia}}

====Frank Radice====
'''Frank Radice''' is a [[Soldato|soldier]]

====Louis Ricco====
{{Main|Louis Ricco}}

====Carmine Sciandra====
{{Main|Carmine Sciandra}}

====Paul Semplice====
'''Paul Semplice'''

https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/gambino-crime-family-soldier-sentenced-28-months-imprisonment-loansharking-conspiracy

====Arnold Squitieri====
{{Main|Arnold Squitieri}}

====Louis Vallario====
{{Main|Louis Vallario}}

===Imprisoned members===
====Charles Carneglia====
{{Main|Charles Carneglia}}

====Ronnie Trucchio====
{{Main|Ronnie Trucchio}}

===Associates===
====Edmund Boyle====
'''Edmund "Irish Eddie" Boyle''' is an [[Irish American]] associate

====Scott Fappiano====
'''Scott Fappiano''' (born {{circa}} 1961) is an associate.

https://www.silive.com/news/2014/01/report_mob-affiliated_staten_i.html

https://www.silive.com/news/2015/01/reputed_gambino_mobster_who_se.html

<ref name="2 alleged mobsters cop pleas in extortion case"/>

====James Ferrara====
'''James Ferrara''' (born {{circa}} 1943) is an associate from Brooklyn.

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2012/alleged-gambino-associate-westies-member-and-demon-knights-motorcycle-gang-member-charged-with-violent-extortion

====Gino Gabrielli====
'''Gino Gabrielli'''

====Tommaso Gambino====
'''Tommaso "Tommy" Gambino''' (born 1973) is a [[Sicilian American]] associate and the reputed ''de facto'' [[Crime boss|boss]] of the [[Los Angeles crime family|Los Angeles family]]. The son of [[Rosario Gambino]], Tommaso was born in New York and raised in [[Palermo]] before settling in [[Los Angeles]], where he worked as an investment banker and property developer. He and his wife Juliann "Jules" Gold-Gambino also launched the Gambino [[prosecco]] brand in 2015.<ref>[https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2021/06/the-big-interview-tommy-and-jules-gambino/ The big interview: Tommy and Jules Gambino] Lucy Shaw, ''[[The Drinks Business]]'' June 14, 2021 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221192916/https://www.thedrinksbusiness.com/2021/06/the-big-interview-tommy-and-jules-gambino/ |date=February 21, 2022 }}</ref>

Gambino 


partnered with [[Colombo crime family|Colombo family]] ''capo'' [[Dominick Montemarano]] in owning Progressive Telecom, a company that places payphones in bars, restaurants and other businesses.

<ref>[https://www.lifeandstylemag.com/posts/meet-the-power-couple-behind-gambino-prosecco/ Meet The Power Couple Behind Gambino Prosecco] ''Life & Style'' December 7, 2021</ref>

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-29-mn-16433-story.html 5 More Cases Added to Probe of Roger Clinton] Richard A. Serrano, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' June 29, 2001</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=bxxzA0LWSBkC&pg=PA2462&lpg=PA2462&dq=tommaso+gambino+los+angeles&source=bl&ots=80T-vsYMfY&sig=ACfU3U2BJUUVoJ9xUzzyxOAyPVyoHlLgJg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjGn-brnJT2AhXCnVwKHTQ5Ct04FBDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=tommaso%20gambino%20los%20angeles&f=false ]</ref>

<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/when-california-dreaming-becomes-deadly-was-hamilton-on-mob-figure-made-in-l-a-in-the-weeks-before-he-was-killed/ When California Dreaming Becomes Deadly: Was Hamilton (ON) Mob Figure “Made” In L.A. In The Weeks Before He Was Killed?] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com February 18, 2022 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220221192201/https://gangsterreport.com/when-california-dreaming-becomes-deadly-was-hamilton-on-mob-figure-made-in-l-a-in-the-weeks-before-he-was-killed/ |date=February 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.it/books?id=UnpnlYZOks0C&pg=PA739&lpg=PA739&dq=tommaso+gambino+california+mafia&source=bl&ots=c9o5jZUnnv&sig=pwRFJTerLNVzh-GOie7UidTbjSA&hl=it&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4sfjd--DeAhVososKHb1IC6U4ChDoATADegQIBhAB#v=onepage&q=tommaso%20gambino%20california%20mafia&f=false]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nshoremag.com/eat-drink/gambino-prosecco/ Gambino Prosecco] ''Northshore Magazine'' December 21, 2017</ref>

====John J. Gotti====
'''John J. Gotti'''

====Jonathan Gurino====
'''Jonathan "Johnny" Gurino'''

====Steve Kaplan====
'''Steve Kaplan''' is an associate in [[Atlanta]].

https://web.archive.org/web/20211130211714/https://creativeloafing.com/content-184461-cover-story-the-un-made-man

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207030734/https://www.atlantamagazine.com/great-reads/steve-kaplan-2011/

https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=92725&page=1

http://edition.cnn.com/2002/LAW/01/08/gold.club.sentencing/index.html

====Zef Mustafa====
{{Main|Zef Mustafa}}

====Anthony Pandrella====
<ref>[https://www.ganglandnews.com/ Feds Go To The Videotape In Murdered Mob Loanshark Trial; Testimony By Victim's Son Hits Some Potholes] [[Jerry Capeci]], ganglandnews.com (June 9, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220610192620/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ |date=June 10, 2022 }}</ref>


====Paul Ragusa====
https://www.justice.gov/usao-edny/pr/convicted-felon-and-organized-crime-associate-sentenced-72-months-imprisonment

====Robert Sasso====
'''Robert "Bobby" Sasso''' (born {{circa}} 1934) is an associate.

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/215/283/608120/
https://www.nytimes.com/1992/04/16/nyregion/linked-to-mafia-union-chief-quits.html

====Peter Tuccio====
'''Peter "Pete" Tuccio''' (born 1993) is an associate of the Gambino, [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]] and [[Philadelphia crime family|Philadelphia]] families. He is the nephew of Lucchese ''caporegime'' [[Joseph DeSena]].

====Joseph Watts====
{{Main|Joseph Watts}}

===References===
{{Reflist|30em}}

{{Gambino crime family}}
{{American Mafia}}

[[:Category:Gambino crime family|*]]
[[:Category:Lists of criminals|Gambino crime family members]]
[[:Category:Organized crime-related lists|Gambino crime family members]]
[[:Category:United States crime-related lists|Gambino crime family members]]

==List of former Gambino crime family members==
{{about|former and inactive members of the [[Gambino crime family]] who have been killed, died or became informants|active members|List of Gambino crime family members}}

https://www.oocities.org/organizedcrimesyndicates/GambinoFamily.html

https://www.oocities.org/organizedcrimesyndicates/GambinoFlorida.html

https://www.oocities.org/OrganizedCrimeSyndicates_NJ/Gambino_NJ.html

https://mafiahistory.us/maf-narcotics1965.html#gambino

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf

http://www.streetgangs.com/billboard/viewtopic.php?t=42313

http://www.gangsterbb.net/threads/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=754424

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA786&lpg=PA786&dq=john+palmieri+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SeM_FeI8&sig=ACfU3U2HdoWmytSn4MujX2QuOzLUjDtnlQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpsLapgJH1AhWoQUEAHSyyBeEQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=john%20palmieri%20gambino&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rWC76dk1ecoC&pg=PA199&lpg=PA199&dq=james+calandriello+gambino&source=bl&ots=6bu9KZy1Ig&sig=ACfU3U0BycOYBbreYDW9LooMIWPRPQEY3A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv5_rhxK_1AhVjQkEAHQm9DaQQ6AF6BAgzEAM#v=onepage&q=james%20calandriello%20gambino&f=false

===Past members===
====Charles Alaimo====
'''Charles Joseph Alaimo''' (March 10, 1942 – April 1, 2016),<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA781&lpg=PA781&dq=vincent+beltempo+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SfM2DfFa&sig=ACfU3U1qfnAfuC_BbwPdESaVhrGBSh4PPQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8e24m6_1AhXLUMAKHW5jDhsQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=vincent%20beltempo%20gambino&f=false ''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''] [[United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations|U.S. Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations]] (1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113184517/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA781&lpg=PA781&dq=vincent+beltempo+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SfM2DfFa&sig=ACfU3U1qfnAfuC_BbwPdESaVhrGBSh4PPQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8e24m6_1AhXLUMAKHW5jDhsQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=vincent%20beltempo%20gambino&f=false |date=January 13, 2022 }}</ref><ref>[https://scaranofuneralhome.com/tribute/details/721/Charles-Alaimo/obituary.html Charles Alaimo obituary] scaranofuneralhome.com</ref> also known as "Charles Wings", "Nathaniel Herman", "Charlie Wino", "Charlie King", "Charles Alarimo" and "Charles Allimo", was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the Florida faction. A frequenter of [[Miami]], [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]], [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] and New York, Alaimo was a major financier and distributor of heroin, and was also involved in the trucking and auto rental businesses.<ref>[https://florida.intercreditreport.com/company/forest-hills-trucking-co-inc-440844 Forest Hills Trucking Co., Inc.] intercreditreport.com</ref> Additionally, he had been arrested for burglary, and was once held as a material witness in the murder of a friend.<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22407751/drug-dealers-in-the-mob-1979-article/ Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island] ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' (July 22, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113151659/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22407751/drug-dealers-in-the-mob-1979-article/ |date=January 13, 2022 }}</ref>

Alaimo was a member of a Mexico–New York heroin trafficking network initially headed by [[Carmine Consalvo|Carmine]] and [[Francis Consalvo]]. According to authorities, Alaimo obtained Mexican [[black tar heroin]] via [[Los Angeles]]-based Gambino soldier [[Salvatore Pisello]]. His other associates in the drug trade included fellow Gambino family members [[Vincent Beltempo]], [[Edward Lino]] and [[Joseph Stassi]], and [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] member [[Charles DiPalermo]]. Alaimo and DiPalermo were also involved in business ventures together in Florida. Alaimo reportedly took over the heroin ring following the deaths of the Consalvo brothers in 1975.<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island"/>

A resident of [[Parkland, Florida|Parkland]], Alaimo died at the age of 74 on April 1, 2016.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sunsentinel/name/charles-alaimo-obituary?id=6984365 Charles Alaimo obituary] ''[[Sun-Sentinel]]'' (April 3, 2016)</ref>


https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA768&lpg=PA768&dq=Charles+Alaimo+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SfM1GgI9&sig=ACfU3U08qdUsPkfROejbjLrOmAju3qVC3Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwis05zsga_1AhVpQUEAHROICGYQ6AF6BAgWEAM#v=onepage&q=Charles%20Alaimo%20gambino&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=YPkIsLYUFoYC&pg=PA211&lpg=PA211&dq=Charles+Alaimo+gambino&source=bl&ots=ptInQH4lE1&sig=ACfU3U0va28CkQ_C7lCKD2HIeojymh0MHA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwis05zsga_1AhVpQUEAHROICGYQ6AF6BAghEAM#v=onepage&q=Charles%20Alaimo%20gambino&f=false

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19840124-02.1.5&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1

https://www.justice.gov/usao/page/file/1038771/download

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/775/949/329630/

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/775/775.F2d.949.84-1829-.html

https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/471880/united-states-v-harold-joseph-rosenthal-philip-anthony-bonadonna-robert/?5727.24

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/148382NCJRS.pdf


<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/>

====Ippolito Agresta====
'''Ippolito "Paul the Greaser" Agresta''' (June 18, 1906 – disappeared July 4, 1974) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the Connecticut faction, operating drug and gambling rackets in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]] and [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]]. Born in [[Gioia Tauro]], [[Calabria]],<ref>[https://www.ancestry.co.uk/genealogy/records/ippolito-agresta-24-2qhm4p5?geo_a=t&geo_s=us&geo_t=uk&geo_v=2.0.0&o_iid=41013&o_lid=41013&o_sch=Web+Property Ippolito Agresta] [[ancestry.co.uk]]</ref> Agresta was also an advisor to [[Frank Piccolo]] and a Gambino family representative in Canada.<ref name="''Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=z3xKAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA927&lpg=PA927&dq=paolo+agresta+connecticut&source=bl&ots=XlGsRtC0LL&sig=ACfU3U2FimZh3r5kobch9s_e8945Tc7bsw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwingrrF4oXuAhVFUcAKHe2bCig4ChDoATAGegQIBxAC#v=onepage&q=paolo%20agresta%20connecticut&f=false ''Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics''] [[United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations|Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations]] (July 30, 1964)</ref> He disappeared on his way to a barbeque on July 4, 1974 at the age of sixty-eight. Agresta had reportedly been involved in a dispute with [[Patriarca crime family|Patriarca family]] member [[William Grasso]] following Grasso's release from prison in 1973.<ref name="Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time">[https://gangsterreport.com/mafia-hit-list-the-top-15-connecticut-mob-murders-of-all-time/ Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108223206/https://gangsterreport.com/mafia-hit-list-the-top-15-connecticut-mob-murders-of-all-time/ |date=January 8, 2021 }} Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 9, 2019)</ref> His wife Francesca Corica died aged 93 on February 6, 2010.<ref>[https://abriola.com/tribute/details/2912/Francesca-Agresta/obituary.html Obituary of Francesca Agresta] abriola.com</ref>

<ref name="Deaths in organized crime">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16838709/hartford-courant/ Deaths in organized crime] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101165632/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16838709/hartford-courant/ |date=January 1, 2022 }} ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (June 25, 1989)</ref>

====Thomas Agro====
{{Main|Thomas Agro}}

====Andrew Alberti====
'''Andrew Alberti'''

====John Allu====
'''John James Allu''' (August 7, 1918 – May 12, 1988)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA781&lpg=PA781&dq=vincent+beltempo+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SfM2DfFa&sig=ACfU3U1qfnAfuC_BbwPdESaVhrGBSh4PPQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8e24m6_1AhXLUMAKHW5jDhsQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=vincent%20beltempo%20gambino&f=false ''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''] [[United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations|U.S. Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations]] (1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113184517/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA781&lpg=PA781&dq=vincent+beltempo+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SfM2DfFa&sig=ACfU3U1qfnAfuC_BbwPdESaVhrGBSh4PPQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwip8e24m6_1AhXLUMAKHW5jDhsQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=vincent%20beltempo%20gambino&f=false |date=January 13, 2022 }}</ref><ref name="FBI deadlist">[https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/RIDSDeadList-2019.pdf FBI deadlist] [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] (September 25, 2019)</ref> was a [[Soldato|soldier]].

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-18-mn-807-story.html Alleged Fraud Seen as Mob’s Link to Union Benefit Funds] Dan Morain, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 18, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113190153/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-12-18-mn-807-story.html |date=January 13, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/82661NCJRS.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=UqtdHlCDy08C&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=john+allu+gambino&source=bl&ots=_X8psOK3d4&sig=ACfU3U2M0jm56GWbIk1zHaJEKvTvOchhdw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic_-qisq_1AhVzoFwKHU_rAF0Q6AF6BAgyEAM#v=onepage&q=john%20allu%20gambino&f=false

====Ignazio Alogna====
'''Ignazio "Iggy" Alogna''' ()<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/>

====Gaetano Altamura====
'''Gaetano "Thomas" Altamura''' (November 3, 1913 – October 31, 1967), nicknamed "Tommy A" and "the Enforcer", was a [[Miami]]-based Gambino crime family [[Soldato|soldier]].<ref>Doerner, Fred W. Jr., "La Cosa Nostra Miami Division," FBI report, file no. 92-6054-2110, NARA no. 124-10293-10346, Sept. 11, 1967, p. 21.</ref> The second of nine children, he was born in [[New York City]] to a [[Taranto]]-born father and a [[Sicilians|Sicilian]] mother, and raised in [[Corona, Queens]]. Altamura worked in his father's tailor shop and also held truck driving and sales jobs before embarking on a career in organized crime.<ref>Sing Sing Prison Admission Register, Inmate no. 85935, received April 18, 1932; Sing Sing Prison Admission Register, Inmate no. 92799, received Dec. 11, 1936; New York State Census of 1925, Queens County, Assembly District 3, Election District 33.</ref> His criminal record began 1931. As a minor, he was acquitted of automobile theft and sentenced to probation for unlawful entry after the burglary of a speakeasy in [[the Bronx]].<ref>"2 youths given Sing Sing terms on robbery pleas," ''[[The Brooklyn Daily Eagle]]'', April 16, 1932, p. 4; "Mobster slain in Miami; suspect surrenders," ''[[New York Daily News]]'', Nov. 1, 1967, p. 3.</ref> In April 1932, Altamura was sentenced to three-to-six years in prison after pleading guilty to second-degree robbery. Along with accomplice Peter Nastasi, he was initially charged with first-degree robbery, petit larceny and second-degree assault after holding up the owner of a grocery store in Corona. Shortly after his release from prison in 1936, Altamura was convicted of another robbery in the Bronx and sentenced to ten-to-twenty years' imprisonment.<ref>Sing Sing Prison Admission Registers; "2 youths given Sing Sing terms on robbery pleas"; "Dropped wallet nets parolee as thief foiled in tavern raid," ''[[Brooklyn Eagle]]'', June 19, 1944, p. 11.</ref> While on parole, he was charged with the attempted robbery of a tavern in [[Jackson Heights, Queens]] in July 1944. He and two other men entered the tavern after hours but became frightened and fled during the attempted robbery. Altamura reportedly dropped his wallet on the way out of the tavern.<ref>"Tavern stickup suspect is held," ''[[New York Daily News]]'', July 2, 1944, p. B3.</ref>

Circa 1956, Altamura relocated to [[south Florida]] where he owned a restaurant in [[Miami Beach, Florida|Miami Beach]] and supervised a loansharking operation.<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/08/20/thomas-altamura/ Thomas Altamura – “Tommy The Bully”] TheNewYorkMafia.com (August 20, 2019)</ref> He was also associated with the [[Trafficante crime family]] in Florida.<ref>"High exposes Miami hoods," ''[[The Miami News]]'', Aug. 7, 1963, p. 1; "Tampa detective describes how Trafficante tied in," ''[[The Tampa Tribune]]'', Oct. 16, 1963, p. 13.</ref> Gambino family member and informant [[Alfredo Santantonio]] reported to the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) that Altamura and [[Joseph Indelicato]] were responsible for the murder of ''[[caporegime]]'' [[Armand Rava|Armand "Tommy" Rava]], who disappeared in 1958, on the orders of [[Carlo Gambino]]. Rava was vying with Gambino for leadership of the family following the murder of [[Albert Anastasia]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Sp43AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA215&lpg=PA215&dq=tommy+rava&source=bl&ots=ON8freKkv3&sig=ACfU3U0nYpwoSQWI7fa4MvhR52VMez2EyA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-taaO3YfuAhXcR0EAHbBXDyM4HhDoATAEegQIARAC#v=onepage&q=tommy%20rava&f=false ''Committee on Government Operations''] [[United States Senate]] (April 1973)</ref> According to Santantonio, Rava was killed with an icepick at a Florida funeral parlor and his corpse was disposed of near the [[Tamiami Trail]].<ref>FBI, Crime Conditions in Miami Beach, Florida, Miami Office, March 19, 1963, NARA Record No. 124-90031-10015, p. 59.;FBI, La Cosa Nostra, New York Office, Sept. 26, 1968, NARA Record No. 124-10290-10437, p. 253.</ref> Altamura was also a suspect in the July 2, 1958 shotgun murder of [[bolita]] operator Joe "Pelusa" Diaz in [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]].<ref>[https://www.tampabay.com/news/Sixty-years-ago-a-bolita-operator-was-gunned-down-and-the-mob-firmed-its-hold-on-Tampa_169571567/ Sixty years ago, a bolita operator was gunned down and the mob firmed its hold on Tampa] Paul Guzzo, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (June 29, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210929050116/https://www.tampabay.com/news/Sixty-years-ago-a-bolita-operator-was-gunned-down-and-the-mob-firmed-its-hold-on-Tampa_169571567/ |date=September 29, 2021 }}</ref> Altamura was identified as the shooter but avoided conviction when prosecutors determined that the witness' partial identification was insufficient. Authorities believe that Altamura carried out the killing on the orders of local crime boss [[Santo Trafficante Jr.]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=d8OpDQAAQBAJ&pg=PT152&lpg=PT152&dq=Joe+Pelusa+Diaz+altamura&source=bl&ots=KtWO2gxzPO&sig=ACfU3U2HS_9IoMPiI_7IkZJiyBKX1v05EQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNkvn2gYbuAhUYiFwKHZ4kAl4Q6AEwDnoECBEQAg#v=onepage&q=Joe%20Pelusa%20Diaz%20altamura&f=false ''Organized Crime in Miami''] Avi Bash (2016)</ref> Additionally, he was among the suspects in the murder of Miami bookmaker and loanshark Louis "Babe" Silvers, who disappeared on January 24, 1960 and whose partial remains were discovered on April 9, 1961.<ref>[http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_47.html The "Babe"] Scott M. Deitche, AmericanMafia.com (June 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108035055/http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_47.html |date=January 8, 2021 }}</ref>

Altamura was killed in a bar in [[North Bay Village, Florida|North Bay Village]] on October 31, 1967 after being shot five times with a [[.38 caliber]] pistol by [[Bonanno crime family]] associate [[Anthony Esperti]] in a dispute of racket territories.<ref>Florida Death Index, Dade County, October 1967; U.S. Social Security Death Index, 081-20-1222, October 1967; "Mobster slain in Miami; suspect surrenders"; Roderus, Frank, "Retrial elements bizarre," ''[[The Tampa Tribune]]'', Sept. 6, 1971, p. B1.</ref> Esperti was indicted for Altamura's murder in January 1968, and his first trial in Miami in March 1968 resulted in a [[hung jury]].<ref>"Esperti indicted in killing," ''[[The Miami News]]'', Jan. 17, 1968, p. 3.</ref><ref>Sosin, Milt, "Esperti asks murder charge be dismissed," ''[[The Miami News]]'', Oct. 30, 1970, p. 5.</ref> Esperti was convicted after a retrial in [[Bartow, Florida|Bartow]] in November 1971.<ref> "Esperti attorney seek new trial," ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'', Nov. 9, 1971, p. 6.</ref>

====Agostino Amato====
'''Agostino Anthony "Augie" Amato''' (October 26, 1901 – February 1980) was a Gambino crime family ''[[caporegime]]'' in Florida.<ref>[/media/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Docid-32288949_%28November_17%2C_2017_Release%29.pdf LCN gambling operations] [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (September 5, 1967) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117191729//media/wikipedia/commons/0/0c/Docid-32288949_%28November_17%2C_2017_Release%29.pdf |date=November 17, 2021 }}</ref> Born in [[Alessandria della Rocca]], [[Sicily]], Amato became a naturalized U.S. citizen in 1927 and later relocated to Florida after residing in [[Brooklyn]]. He was the father of Frank and [[Vincent Amato]], both of whom were also "[[Made man|made men]]" in the family. In Florida, Amato and his sons were involved in loansharking and a [[Miami]] jukebox-vending machine business. They were also associated with the [[Trafficante crime family]].<ref name="Mafia Moon Over Miami…The Mob In South Florida">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/08/25/south-florida-mob/ Mafia Moon Over Miami…The Mob In South Florida] TheNewYorkMafia.com (August 25, 2020)</ref> Agostino Amato died at the age of 79 in February 1980.<ref name="FBI deadlist">[https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/RIDSDeadList-2019.pdf FBI deadlist] [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] (September 25, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230117093242/https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/RIDSDeadList-2019.pdf |date=January 17, 2023 }}</ref>

====Vincent Amato====
'''Vincent James Amato''' (May 5, 1927 – December 15, 1991) was a Gambino crime family [[Soldato|soldier]] in Florida and an associate of the [[Trafficante crime family]].<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/> He was the son of [[Agostino Amato]] and brother of Frank Amato, both of whom were also Gambino "[[Made man|made men]]". Along with his brother and father, Amato was involved in loansharking and jukebox/vending machine rackets in [[Miami]].<ref name="Mafia Moon Over Miami…The Mob In South Florida"/> Vincent Amato died aged 64 on December 15, 1991.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/>

====William Amendolace====
'''William Vito "Big Willie" Amendolace''' (February 3, 1918 – March 12, 2012)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/><ref name="FBI deadlist"/>

https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/11/15/carmine-lombardozzi-regime-brooklyn-new-york/
https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2021/03/11/where-the-wiseguys-slept-hung-their-fedoras-and-kicked-off-their-alligator-shoes/

https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/sunsentinel/name/william-amendolace-obituary?pid=156574558
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18863314/south-florida-sun-sentinel/

====Albert Anastasia====
{{Main|Albert Anastasia}}

====Anthony Anastasio====
{{Main|Anthony Anastasio}}

====Anthony Anastasio====
'''Anthony "Todo" Anastasio''' (December 21, 1928 – April 30 2010)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/>

https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2010/05/02/Suicide-suspected-in-death-of-mob-figure/61261272832007/

http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2010/05/old-gambino-soldier-anthony-anastasio.html

https://www.nydailynews.com/news/crime/the-mob/albert-anastasio-nephew-gambino-mobster-anthony-anastasio-commits-suicide-jail-term-begins-article-1.445926

http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Anthony-Anastasio-88466649

====Giuseppe Arcuri====
'''Giuseppe T. "Joseph" Arcuri''' (September 22, 1913 – November 27, 2007),<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/> nicknamed "Joe T", was a Gambino crime family ''[[caporegime]]'' in [[Manhattan]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=V0CfjAsrMBQC&pg=PT473&lpg=PT473&dq=giuseppe+arcuri+gambino&source=bl&ots=7jIW8qrQbt&sig=ACfU3U1yG075FOTPMrNwJr-BE4EKp_NFbg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiP3rqknojuAhVyt3EKHcCdCvU4ChDoATAIegQICBAC#v=onepage&q=giuseppe%20arcuri%20gambino&f=false ''The Gotti Tapes: The Sensational FBI Tapes That Convicted America's Most Powerful Mobster''] Ralph Blumenthal (1992)</ref> Arcuri – the uncle of [[Joseph Franco|Joseph]] and [[Salvatore Franco]] – operated a liquor store and a social club on Manhattan's [[Upper East Side]] and became a "[[made man]]" in the 1950s under the [[Albert Anastasia]] regime.<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/12/06/mob-food-industry-1/ The Food Industry and LCN – Part I] TheNewYorkMafia.com (December 6, 2019)</ref> He was subsequently promoted to ''capo'' by Anastasia's successor [[Carlo Gambino]] and was involved in bookmaking, loansharking and labor racketeering.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2007/03/15/mobster-is-on-the-menu-2/ 'Mobster' is on the menu] Murray Weiss, ''[[New York Post]]'' (March 15, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117192450/https://nypost.com/2007/03/15/mobster-is-on-the-menu-2/ |date=November 17, 2021 }}</ref> He controlled two labor unions that represented highway and road paving workers. Although a low-key operator, Arcuri was identified by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) as one of 21 Gambino family captains in 1991.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/nyregion/now-on-the-fbi-s-short-list-two-men-long-out-of-sight.html Now on the F.B.I.'s Short List: Two Men, Long Out of Sight] William K. Rashbaum, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 22, 2002){{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117192722/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/22/nyregion/now-on-the-fbi-s-short-list-two-men-long-out-of-sight.html |date=November 17, 2021 }} </ref> During the legal troubles and eventual imprisonment of boss [[John Gotti]] in the 1990s, Arcuri organized meetings of the family's ruling committee and liaised with representatives of other families. He was identified as both the [[underboss]] and the ''[[consigliere]]'' during this period. Arcuri resumed his position of captain when [[Peter Gotti]] became acting boss in 1999.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/13/nyregion/from-prison-gotti-reportedly-keeps-control-of-mafia-group.html|title=From Prison, Gotti Reportedly Keeps Control of Mafia Group|last=Raab|first=Selwyn|date=13 November 1993|work=The New York Times|access-date=2018-10-28|language=en}} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117192925/https://www.nytimes.com/1993/11/13/nyregion/from-prison-gotti-reportedly-keeps-control-of-mafia-group.html |date=November 17, 2021 }}</ref> He retired having never served a prison sentence and died of natural causes aged 94 on November 27, 2007.<ref>[https://irbcases.org/bitstream/handle/38989/c01rz29j6409/gwu_ibt_gwu_ibt_irb_case_00714_irb.pdf?sequence=1 ''United States of America v. International Brotherhood of Teamsters''] (June 18, 2014)</ref><ref>[https://i.redd.it/cj6sse8xrwi61.jpg FBI report on the death of Joe Arcuri] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210221223944/https://i.redd.it/cj6sse8xrwi61.jpg |date=February 21, 2021 }}</ref>

http://www.oocities.org/organizedcrimesyndicates/GambinoFamily.html

====Joseph Armone====
{{Main|Joseph Armone}}

====Stephen Armone====
{{Main|Stephen Armone}}

====Vincent Artuso====
'''Vincent F. "Little Vinny Dirtbag" Artuso''' (July 31, 1944 – August 2021)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/> was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the Florida faction. Originally a [[The Bronx|Bronx]]-based drug trafficker, Artuso was among the targets of a [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA) investigation that began in early 1978 when Kenneth Wedra, a convicted murderer serving a sentence of 25 years-to-life in a New York state prison, agreed to serve as a registered confidential informant for the DEA in return for promises of protection and assistance when he came before state parole authorities. Kenneth Wedra's wife, Marie, also provided information to federal agent Ray Magno, who was conducting an undercover investigation of narcotics trafficking in the Bronx, where the Wedras were long-time residents. With Kenneth Wedra's utility limited due to his incarceration, he and Magno agreed to use Kenneth's drug dealer brother, Bradford, as an intermediary to unwittingly introduce the agent to the targets of the investigation. Artuso was first introduced to Magno via Bradford Wedra on May 24, 1978, and numerous purchases of heroin and cocaine were agreed in the following months. The investigation concluded when arrests were effected on September 8, 1978. Artuso and Bradford Wedra were each convicted on July 3, 1979 of two counts of conspiracy to violate the federal narcotics laws and one substantive count of distributing cocaine.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/618/192/407366/ ''United States of America v. Vincent Artuso, Bradford Wedra''] [[Justia]] (February 25, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107192455/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/618/192/407366/ |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref>

Through his association with [[Frank LoCascio]], Artuso became an underling of [[John Gotti]], the captain of a crew headquartered at the [[Bergin Hunt and Fish Club]] in [[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]], [[Queens]], and helped propel Gotti to the position of boss of the Gambino family via a coup d'état against his predecessor, [[Paul Castellano]].<ref>[https://thecrimereport.org/2019/08/21/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-teflon-don/ The Rise and Fall of the ‘Teflon Don’] Nancy Bilyeau, thecrimereport.org (August 21, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107200046/https://thecrimereport.org/2019/08/21/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-teflon-don/ |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref> Disillusioned with Castellano's leadership, and fearing assassination for breaching the Mafia's rule against drug dealing, Gotti and his collaborators spent ten months planning Castellano's murder.<ref>[https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/1992/03/sammy-bull-testifes-that-john-gotti.html?m=0 Sammy the Bull Testifes That John Gotti Ordered the Slaying of Gambino Crime Boss Paul Castellano] thechicagosyndicate.com (March 3, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107202038/https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/1992/03/sammy-bull-testifes-that-john-gotti.html?m=0 |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref> According to testimony from mobster-turned-government witness [[Sammy Gravano]], Artuso and three others – [[John Carneglia]], [[Edward Lino]] and [[Salvatore Scala]] – were the designated shooters in the killings of Castellano and his underboss, [[Thomas Bilotti]], outside [[Sparks Steak House]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]] on December 16, 1985.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20220111183836/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/15/nyregion/gotti-prosecution-shows-surveillance-videotape.html Gotti Prosecution Shows Surveillance Videotape] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 15, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111183836/https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/15/nyregion/gotti-prosecution-shows-surveillance-videotape.html |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.cosanostranews.com/2021/01/1992-testimony-of-salvatore-sammy-bull.html 1992 Testimony of Gambino Underboss Salvatore (Sammy The Bull) Gravano Part 5: Choosing The Hit Team] Ed Scarpo, cosanostranews.com (January 3, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107205015/https://www.cosanostranews.com/2021/01/1992-testimony-of-salvatore-sammy-bull.html |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref> Artuso's gun jammed during the ambush, however, and it was Carneglia who killed Castellano, the pair's designated target.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2016/07/13/the-restaurants-where-mobsters-gathered-ate-and-murdered/ The restaurants where mobsters gathered, ate and got murdered] Philip Messing, ''[[New York Post]]'' (July 13, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107215836/https://nypost.com/2016/07/13/the-restaurants-where-mobsters-gathered-ate-and-murdered/ |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref> Nonetheless, Artuso was promoted to a [[made man]] for his role in the shootings. Of the ten men allegedly involved in the hit on Castellano and Bilotti, only Gotti was charged – and convicted – with the murders.<ref name="20 Years Later, a Mob Hit Reverberates">[https://www.nysun.com/new-york/20-years-later-a-mob-hit-reverberates/23786/ 20 Years Later, a Mob Hit Reverberates] [[Jerry Capeci]], ''[[The New York Sun]]'' (December 1, 2005) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107203307/https://www.nysun.com/new-york/20-years-later-a-mob-hit-reverberates/23786/ |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref>

In 1990, Artuso was captured in surveillance photographs meeting with actor [[David Proval]] on [[Arthur Avenue]] in [[Belmont, Bronx|Belmont]], the Bronx.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2000/11/20/con-artist-the-sopranos-star-did-actor-help-hamptons-grifter-flee/ Con artist & the 'Sopranos' star – did actor help Hamptons grifter flee?] Al Guart, ''[[New York Post]]'' (November 20, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110202949/https://nypost.com/2000/11/20/con-artist-the-sopranos-star-did-actor-help-hamptons-grifter-flee/ |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref>

After serving a two-year prison sentence for violating parole on his previous drug conviction, Artuso was released on December 19, 1995. He subsequently relocated from New York to [[Palm Beach, Florida|Palm Beach]], Florida, where he later became the ''capo'' of the family's [[South Florida]] crew.<ref name="20 Years Later, a Mob Hit Reverberates"/> Artuso was among six men indicted by a [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] grand jury on racketeering, mail and wire fraud, and money laundering charges on January 22, 2008.<ref>[https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0801/S00270/gambino-mafioso-faces-phony-mag-subs-charges.htm Gambino Mafioso Faces Phony Mag Subs Charges] [[Scoop (website)|Scoop]] (25 January 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110192159/https://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/WO0801/S00270/gambino-mafioso-faces-phony-mag-subs-charges.htm |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref> According to the indictment, he supervised and directed members of an enterprise in the commission of various frauds against numerous individuals and against and against a [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]] security firm. The other defendants in the case, including Artuso's son John Vincent Artuso, were described by prosecutors as nonmember associates of the Gambino family. Former mob associate and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) informant [[Lewis Kasman]] provided testimony against Artuso during the trial.<ref name="Reputed Gambino Vinne Artuso Goes to Trial">[https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/2008/09/reputed-gambino-vinne-artuso-goes-to.html?m=0 Reputed Gambino Vinne Artuso Goes to Trial] thechicagosyndicate.com (September 13, 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110190704/https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/2008/09/reputed-gambino-vinne-artuso-goes-to.html?m=0 |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref> Another of the accused, William Larry Horton, pled guilty and also cooperated with the prosecution. On October 3, 2008, Artuso, his son, Gregory Orr and Philip Edward Forgione were convicted of 41 separate charges, including [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act|Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act]] conspiracy.<ref name="''United States of America v. John Vincent Artuso''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/09-16093/09-16093-2012-06-20.html ''United States of America v. John Vincent Artuso''] [[Justia]] (June 20, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110191322/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca11/09-16093/09-16093-2012-06-20.html |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref> Artuso was sentenced to nine years' imprisonment ordered to pay $6 million in restitution on December 15, 2008.<ref>[https://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/mobster-gets-nine-years-bilking-adt-out-6m-0 Mobster Gets Nine Years For Bilking ADT Out Of $6M] Martha Entwistle, securitysystemsnews.com (February 1, 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110195220/https://www.securitysystemsnews.com/article/mobster-gets-nine-years-bilking-adt-out-6m-0 |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref> Appealing his conviction to the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit]] on July 27, 2011, Artuso claimed that evidence used to convict him was insufficient and that the trial was tainted by a biased juror.<ref>[http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2011/07/south-florida-gambino-captain-appeals.html South Florida Gambino captain appeals real estate fraud sentence] fivefamiliesnyc.com (July 28, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110201156/http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2011/07/south-florida-gambino-captain-appeals.html |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref><ref>[https://miami.cbslocal.com/2011/07/27/reputed-south-florida-mob-boss-appeals-fraud-conviction/ Reputed South Florida Mob Boss Appeals Fraud Conviction] [[CBS Miami]] (July 27, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110201504/https://miami.cbslocal.com/2011/07/27/reputed-south-florida-mob-boss-appeals-fraud-conviction/ |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref> He was released from custody on September 13, 2016.<ref name="Inmate locator">[https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ Inmate locator] [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]]</ref>

It was reported by organized crime writer [[Jerry Capeci]] in August 2021 that Artuso had died of bone cancer at the age of 76.<ref>[https://themobmuseum.org/blog/new-john-gotti-movie-in-the-works/ New John Gotti Movie In The Works] Larry Henry, themobmuseum.org (August 31, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107221635/https://themobmuseum.org/blog/new-john-gotti-movie-in-the-works/ |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref>

====Louis Astuto====
'''Louis "Louie Fats" Astuto''' (March 15, 1919 – 1994)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/>

====Charles Aurello====
'''Charles "Charlie Boy" Aurello''' (November 26, 1943 – June 22, 2018) was a [[Soldato|soldier]]

https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/19/nyregion/25-arrested-in-raids-on-mob-run-betting.html
https://newjersey.funeral.com/2018/06/22/charles-aurello/
https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/12462268/Jo-Ann-Aurello
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/46116699/daily-news/
https://usobit.com/2018/06/charles-charlie-boyaurello-1943-2018/
https://www.wcnyh.gov/newspage322.html

====Salvatore Aurello====
'''Salvatore "Toddo" Aurello''' (March 14, 1914 – February 22, 1998)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/><ref name="FBI deadlist"/> was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]] Crew. His son, [[Charles Aurello|Charles]], was also a [[Made man|made member]] of the Gambino family. Aurello's crew – which included [[Joseph D'Angelo, Sr.]], [[Sammy Gravano]], [[Liborio Milito]] and [[John Rizzo (mobster)|John Rizzo]] – supervised the family's control over [[International Brotherhood of Teamsters]] Local 282, which had jurisdiction over building materials to all construction sites in New York City. Aurello retired following the assassination of boss [[Paul Castellano]] in December 1985, and Gravano succeeded him as the crew's captain.<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/excerpt-mob-daughter/story?id=15547724 Excerpt: Mob Daughter] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210828210538/https://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/excerpt-mob-daughter/story?id=15547724 |date=August 28, 2021 }} [[ABC News]] (February 9, 2012)</ref> He died at the age of eighty-three on February 22, 1998.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/>

https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/93023636/failure-to-identify-suspect-leads-to/

<ref name="Gambino Family Capo Toddo Aurello">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/gambino-soldier-capo-toddo-aurello/ Gambino Family Capo Toddo Aurello] TheNewYorkMafia.com {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/ob6xs#selection-697.0-702.0 |date=December 18, 2022 }}</ref>

====Thomas Aversa====
'''Thomas "Reds" Aversa''' (November 26, 1903 – November 1968) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Baltimore Crew]]. Born in [[Ragusa, Sicily|Ragusa]], Sicily, he served in [[World War II]] and was an influential organized crime figure in [[Baltimore]]. Aversa was arrested numerous time in the city beginning in 1934, principally on gambling charges. He owned a nightclub on [[The Block, Baltimore|The Block]], was a silent partner in several bars and was also active in real estate investments at [[Point Pleasant Beach, New Jersey|Point Pleasant Beach]], New Jersey.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/03/18/corbi-regime-baltimore-maryland/ The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland] TheNewYorkMafia.com (March 18, 2020)</ref> Aversa died in November 1968 aged sixty-four or sixty-five.<ref name="Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction">[https://theindependentresearchclub.home.blog/2019/06/30/baltimore-faction-gambino-family/ Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211105000221/https://theindependentresearchclub.home.blog/2019/06/30/baltimore-faction-gambino-family/ |date=November 5, 2021 }} theindependentresearchclub.com (June 30, 2019)</ref>

====Francesco Barranca====
'''Francesco J. "Frankie the Wop" Barranca''' (born March 3, 1928), also known as "Frank Martin", was a [[Soldato|soldier]] and a member of [[Aniello Dellacroce]]'s [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew.<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/11/15/aniello-dellacroce/ Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”] TheNewYorkMafia.com (April 12, 2020)</ref> The son of [[Stefano Barranca]], a [[made man]] in the [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno family]], and brother of fellow Gambino soldier Joseph Barranca, he operated primarily in [[Red Hook, Brooklyn|Red Hook]], Brooklyn and also in Florida.<ref>[https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32294427.pdf 1968 document] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117194410/https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32294427.pdf |date=November 17, 2021 }} [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (December 26, 1968)</ref> Barranca was involved in illegal gambling, as well as garbage haulage companies in Brooklyn and Florida.<ref name="The Mafia: Serving Your Community Since 1890">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=reYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=Frank+Martin+Barranca&source=bl&ots=ibs1AHgkS4&sig=ACfU3U1HV6gSOICk6DeZ7YAJZxoPIY26nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji6KPpjZLuAhVGXhoKHfzBA6A4ChDoATAGegQICxAC#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Martin%20Barranca&f=false The Mafia: Serving Your Community Since 1890] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117194645/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=reYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=Frank+Martin+Barranca&source=bl&ots=ibs1AHgkS4&sig=ACfU3U1HV6gSOICk6DeZ7YAJZxoPIY26nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji6KPpjZLuAhVGXhoKHfzBA6A4ChDoATAGegQICxAC#v=onepage&q=Frank%20Martin%20Barranca&f=false |date=November 17, 2021 }} [[Nicholas Pileggi]], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' (July 24, 1972)</ref><ref>[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1990-03-25-9001310312-story,amp.html Illegal trash dumps scar county, elude controls] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (March 25, 1990)</ref>

====William Bentvena====
{{Main|William Bentvena}}

====Joseph Bilotti====
'''Joseph James "Joe" Bilotti''' (July 5, 1933 – December 27, 2016) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] on Staten Island. The brother of [[Thomas Bilotti]], he attended [[Ralph R. McKee CTE High School]] and later became an operating engineer. After his younger brother Thomas was killed along with boss [[Paul Castellano]] on orders from [[John Gotti]] on December 16, 1985, Gotti became concerned that Joseph Bilotti may seek to avenge his brother's death and dispatched [[Sammy Gravano]] to meet with him. Within days of the Castellano–Bilotti murders, Joseph Bilotti had a sitdown with Gravano at a diner in [[South Beach, Staten Island|South Beach]], Staten Island and agreed not to retaliate. In August 1991, Bilotti was one of five people linked to the Gambino family indicted on loansharking and extortion charges.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/01/nyregion/prosecutors-tell-of-colombo-family-murder-plot.html Prosecutors Tell of Colombo Family Murder Plot] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170828145349/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/01/nyregion/prosecutors-tell-of-colombo-family-murder-plot.html |date=August 28, 2017 }} Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 1, 1991)</ref> He was convicted and sentenced to forty-one months in prison.<ref>[https://af11.wordpress.com/2017/01/08/gambino-soldier-joe-bilotti-cashes-in-his-chips-at-age-83/ Gambino Soldier Joe Bilotti Cashes In HIs Chips, At Age 83] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117200208/https://af11.wordpress.com/2017/01/08/gambino-soldier-joe-bilotti-cashes-in-his-chips-at-age-83/ |date=November 17, 2021 }} [[Jerry Capeci]], GanglandNews.com (January 8, 2017)</ref> Bilotti was relatively inactive in his later years but he did represent the Gambino family in a meeting with [[Philadelphia crime family|Philadelphia family]] mobster [[George Borgesi]] in [[Boca Raton, Florida|Boca Raton]], Florida, where he owned a winter home, in February 2016.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/philly-mobs-borgesi-gambino-familys-bilotti-spotted-together-in-south-florida-police-sources-say/ Philly mob's Borgesi & Gambino family's Bilotti spotted together in South Florida, police sources say] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117200338/https://gangsterreport.com/philly-mobs-borgesi-gambino-familys-bilotti-spotted-together-in-south-florida-police-sources-say/ |date=November 17, 2021 }} Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 2, 2016)</ref> He died of natural causes on December 27, 2016 at the age of eighty-three.<ref>[https://obits.silive.com/obituaries/siadvance/obituary.aspx?n=joseph-bilotti&pid=183244949&fhid=9320 Joseph Bilotti obituary] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211117200551/https://obits.silive.com/us/obituaries/siadvance/name/joseph-bilotti-obituary?n=joseph-bilotti&pid=183244949&fhid=9320 |date=November 17, 2021 }} ''[[Staten Island Advance]]'' (December 29, 2016)</ref>

====Thomas Bilotti====
{{Main|Thomas Bilotti}}

====Joseph Biondo====
{{Main|Joseph Biondo}}

====Robert Bisaccia====
'''Robert Emilio Bisaccia''' (April 17, 1935 – November 30, 2008), also known as '''Bobby Cabert''' and '''Bob Romano''', was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the New Jersey faction.<ref>[https://www.state.nj.us/lps/ge/exclusion/bisaccia_robert.htm Robert Bisaccia] [[New Jersey Department of Law and Public Safety]]</ref> Raised in the [[Silver Lake, Essex County, New Jersey|Silver Lake]] section of [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]], New Jersey, Bisaccia's criminal record began in 1958 and he became a Gambino family associate during the [[Carlo Gambino]] regime in the 1970s through [[Vincent DiModica]]. Bisaccia and Louis Fulco pleaded guilty on March 7, 1975 to violating the rights of Robert L. Chavers, a black man who was beaten at a diner in the [[List of neighborhoods in Newark, New Jersey#North Ward|North Ward]] of [[Newark, New Jersey|Newark]] on September 30, 1972. Chavers was assaulted in an effort to intimidate the diner's owners, who owed heavy gambling debts, and also because Bisaccia and Fulco did not want black people in the diner.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/08/archives/2-are-guilty-of-violating-civil-rights-of-a-black.html 2 Are Guilty of Violating Civil Rights of a Black] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202125734/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/03/08/archives/2-are-guilty-of-violating-civil-rights-of-a-black.html |date=December 2, 2021 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 8, 1975)</ref> Charges against a third defendant in the trial, [[Nicholas Stefanelli (gangster)|Nicholas Stefanelli]], were dismissed, while [[Samuel Corsaro]] was acquitted at an earlier trial.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/495730216/ Rights beating admitted by 2] ''Long Branch Daily Record'' (March 8, 1975)</ref> Bisaccia became a [[made man]] in 1977. On February 1, 1978, he was convicted of extorting, attempting to use a gun against and maliciously damaging the car of Dr. Gerald F. Wolfe, a [[Seaside Park, New Jersey|Seaside Park]], New Jersey doctor.<ref>[https://patch.com/new-jersey/tomsriver/mob-trial-hard-to-forget Mob Trial Hard to Forget] Matt Bennett, [[Patch (website)|Patch]] (March 11, 2011)</ref>

Authorities believe Bisaccia was promoted to captain of the Newark-based New Jersey crew by boss [[John Gotti]] in 1987. As ''capo'', he oversaw the crew's gambling, loansharking, drugs and labor union rackets.<ref>[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/139882NCJRS.pdf State of New Jersey Commission of Investigation report on video gambling] [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Department of Justice]] (September 1991)</ref> Bisaccia was part of a five-man hit team that murdered Gambino associate [[Francesco Oliveri]] in [[Astoria, Queens|Astoria]], Queens on May 3, 1988. Oliveri was killed at captain [[John Gambino]]'s request for his involvement in the murder of Giuseppe Gambino, a member of John Gambino's crew. John Gotti approved the murder of Oliveri and selected [[Sammy Gravano]] to supervise it. Underboss-turned-government witness Gravano later testified that Gotti designated Bisccia as the shooter in the hit.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/04/14/nyregion/witness-gives-step-by-step-description-of-killing.html Witness Gives Step-by-Step Description of Killing] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 14, 1993)</ref>

Bisaccia was among ten members of the Jersey crew indicted on racketeering charges in August 1988. They were charged with conspiring to burglarize the northern offices of the [[New Jersey Attorney General]]'s Organized Crime Task Force and destroy evidence against the crew by setting the building on fire.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8869983/asbury-park-press/ Neighbors of reputed mobster describe 'Joe Rackets' as quiet] Debra Dowling, ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'' (August 13, 1988)</ref> Bisaccia and five members of his crew were convicted of racketeering on March 5, 1993.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1993/03/07/nyregion/six-convicted-in-mob-case-despite-fear-of-tampering.html Six Convicted in Mob Case Despite Fear of Tampering] Evelyn Nieves, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 7, 1993)</ref><ref>[https://apnews.com/article/1af02891c2f4aa8d3f19c41c6df7934d Jury Convicts Three of Being Part of Crime Family] Fred Pieretti, [[Associated Press]] (March 6, 1993)</ref> He was sentenced to forty years in prison, which was later reduced to sixteen upon appeal.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/appellate-division-published/1999/a3638-92-opn.html ''State of New Jersey vs. Robert Bisaccia''] [[Justia]] (March 2, 1999)</ref> In April 1993, he was further indicted for the killing of Oliveri as a result of the testimony of Sammy Gravano. He was convicted of murder and conspiracy to murder on November 27, 1993 and sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole in June 1995.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/85/9/490644/ ''United States of America v. Orazio Stantini and Robert Bisaccia''] [[Justia]] (March 15, 1996)</ref> After serving his sentence on the racketeering conviction in [[New Jersey State Prison]], Bisaccia was transferred to the federal correctional system and spent his final years at prisons in Pennsylvania and Virginia before being sent to a prison hospital in [[Butner, North Carolina|Butner]], North Carolina, where he died of cancer aged seventy-three on November 30, 2008. Actor [[Joe Pesci]] reputedly based his performance in the film ''[[Goodfellas]]'' on Bisaccia, a childhood friend of his.<ref>[https://www.nj.com/newark/2008/12/iconic_goodfella_robert_bisacc.html Iconic 'Goodfella' Robert Bisaccia dies in prison] Chanta L. Jackson, [[NJ.com]] (December 4, 2008)</ref>

====Joseph Bisogno====
'''Joseph Vincent Bisogno''' (December 18, 1931 – August 1969), also known as '''Joe Bruno''' and nicknamed "Mr. East Harlem", was a [[Soldato|soldier]] active in New York and Florida. Known as a hitman and enforcer, Bisogno was also a major drug trafficker in [[East Harlem]]. Additionally, he was involved in extortion and illegal gambling, as well as restaurant, nightclub and sanitation businesses. Bisogno's criminal record began in 1948 and included convictions for assault, income tax evasion, narcotics trafficking, and trading in counterfeit currency.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40517251/the-miami-news/ Body found in trunk is Miami hoodlum] ''[[The Miami News]]'' (August 14, 1969)</ref> Once a member of [[Aniello Dellacroce]]'s [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew, he relocated to [[Miami]] in the 1960s.<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/>

Bisogno was found shot to death in the trunk of a rented car in [[the Bronx]] on August 13, 1969. Police estimated he was killed approximately two weeks prior. At the time of his death, he was on bail for a counterfeiting charge in Florida after being arrested in an undercover sting by [[United States Secret Service|Secret Service]] agents.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38084468/murdered-body-of-joseph-bisogno/ Identify body in car as narcotics suspect] Nathan Kanter, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (August 15, 1969)</ref><ref name="Reputed Aryan Brotherhood Gang Member Convicted of Murders of Three Men in Massachusetts">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2018/12/20/joseph-indelicato/ Joseph Indelicato – “The Florida Skutch”] TheNewYorkMafia.com (December 12, 2018)</ref>

====Bobby Boriello====
{{Main|Bobby Boriello}}

====Michael Caiazzo====
'''Michael "Mike Tally" Caiazzo''' (January 26 26, 1911 – April 28, 1994)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/> was a ''[[caporegime]]'' of the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew who was expelled from the family after breaching protocol by appointing an acting ''capo'' of the crew without consulting with underboss [[Aniello Dellacroce]]. Caiazza named [[Joseph LaForte, Jr.]] as his acting captain ahead of a visit to hospital for treatment, before which he took counsel directly from boss [[Paul Castellano]], disrespecting Dellacroce's position in the family. Caiazza had been named by Dellacroce some years earlier as the captain of the crew. The meeting at Dellacroce's home in which Caizza was informed of his expulsion on June 3, 1985 was recorded by electronic listening devices planted by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI).<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/644/370/1558549/ ''United States of America v. John Gotti''] [[Justia]] (October 2, 1986)</ref>

https://www.nytimes.com/1987/01/15/nyregion/gotti-prosecutors-paly-tape-then-rest-case.html
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/01/15/Prosecution-rests-in-Gotti-case/9573537685200/

====Frank Cali====
{{Main|Frank Cali}}

====Peter Campisi====
'''Peter Anthony Campisi''' (June 8, 1945 – July 18, 1983), nicknamed "PiPi" and "Peter Rabbit", was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the New Jersey faction and a member of the Campisi family, an independent crew associated with the Gambino and [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]] families.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> His father, [[Anthony Campisi]], was a [[Made man|made member]] of the Genovese family's [[Genovese crime family New Jersey faction|New Jersey faction]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/11/30/archives/10-in-gang-in-jersey-indicted-in-5-killings-10-indicted-in-5.html 10 in Gang in Jersey Indicted in 5 Killings] Joseph F. Sullivan, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 30, 1973)</ref> Peter Campisi was among ten members of the Campisi gang charged on November 29, 1973 with five murders and over a hundred robberies carried out in New York state, New Jersey and Maryland between 1968 and 1971 to support and protect their gambling and narcotics operations in [[North Jersey]]. The crew's victims were allegedly rivals, disloyal associates, suspected police informants and potential prosecution witnesses.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8791638/asbury-park-press/ Campisis' plea bargaining continues] ''[[Asbury Park Press]]'' (January 15, 1975)</ref> Campisi pleaded guilty on January 15, 1975 to conspiracy to receive, conceal and possess securities stolen from the mail and he was sentenced to five years in state prison on June 9, 1975.<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-campisi-6 ''United States of America v. Peter A. Campisi''] casetext.com (July 27, 1978)</ref> After being released from prison in 1979, he became a made man in the Gambino family in 1981 and was a member of [[Frank Perrone]]'s crew. Campisi was found shot dead in the trunk of his wife's car in [[Manhattan]] in July 1983 shortly after he and Genovese mobster [[Albert Manzo]] had reportedly skimmed money from a Mafia-connected casino on [[Staten Island]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/494193189/ Slaying believed unlikely to spur mob war] ''[[The Record (North Jersey)|The Record]]'' (August 7, 1983)</ref> Manzo was found killed in identical fashion the following month. Both murders remain unsolved.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2020/07/04/inside-the-mob-ties-that-plague-rhonj-star-dina-manzos-family/ Inside the mob ties that plague ‘RHONJ’ star Dina Manzo’s family] Dana Kennedy, ''[[New York Post]]'' (July 4, 2020)</ref>

====Anthony Carminati====
'''Anthony "Tony C" Carminati''' (February 1, 1912 – September 25, 1998)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/> was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the New Jersey faction.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> A resident of [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]], Carminati was involved in gambling, loansharking, narcotics, labor racketeering and the infiltration of legitimate business. He was considered one of the largest wholesalers of heroin in the New York area in the 1950s, and succeeded [[Joseph Paterno (gangster)|Joseph Paterno]] as [[North Jersey]] captain.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26505796/courier-post/ Police identify state mob leaders] ''[[Courier-Post]]'' (February 20, 1983)</ref> Carminati and sixteen co-conspirators were indicted on loansharking charges in May 1975 following an eleven-month undercover police investigation. Lieutenant Joseph Delaney of the [[Bergen County Police Department]] posed as a corrupt policeman and associated with Carminati and other North Jersey gangsters between June 1974 and May 1975 as part of the operation. On October 4, 1977, Carminati pleaded guilty to to loansharking and to four counts of conspiracy, including three counts involving separate attempts to bribe Delaney.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/05/archives/crime-figure-admits-guilt-on-7-charges-anthony-carminati-67-years.html Crime figure admits guilt on charges] Robert Hanley, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 5, 1977)</ref> He reportedly fell into disfavor with the Gambino family leadership after he unwittingly allowed the undercover police officer to infiltrate a family loansharking operation, and also because of his alcoholism.<ref>[http://mafianj.com/sci89/gambinogottinjops.shtml ''The Gambino/Gotti Family New Jersey Operations''] [[New Jersey State Commission of Investigation]] (1989)</ref> Carminati died on September 25, 1998 at the age of eighty-six.<ref name="Where Are They Now?">[http://www.americanmafia.com/Mob_Report/8-19-02_Mob_Report.html Where Are They Now?] AmericanMafia.com (August 19, 2002)</ref>

====Peter Castellana====
'''Peter Castellana''' (October 26, 1927)<ref name="''Organized Crime: 25 Years After Valachi''"/>

====Vincent Carona====
'''Vincent Carona''' (alternatively spelled '''Caronna''' or '''Corona'''; March 5, 1904 – 1980), also known as '''Jimmy Russo''', was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Baltimore Crew]]. Born in [[Bisacquino]], Sicily, he originally lived in [[the Bronx]] before being sent to Baltimore by [[Frank Scalice]] in the 1950s. Carona was an international heroin trafficker according to the [[Federal Bureau of Narcotics]] (FBN), and had arrests beginning in 1925 for petty larceny, firearms possession, gambling and operating a horse parlor.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/> He died in 1980 at the age of seventy-five or seventy-six.<ref name="Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction"/>

====Paul Castellano====
{{Main|Paul Castellano}}

====Michael Catalano====
'''Michael Vincent "Skinny Mike" Catalano''' (February 7, 1919 – May 15, 1998) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> Catalano and business executive Martin Goldman were indicted in December 1969 on federal charges of extorting Henry Williams, a member of a wealthy New Jersey family.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/15/archives/executive-arrested-on-charges-of-lying-at-inquiry-into-mafia.html Executive Arrested on Charges Of Lying at Inquiry Into Mafia] Morris Kaplan, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 15, 1970)</ref> Both men were convicted of extortion the following year and sentenced to a year in prison.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/439/1100/336793/ ''United States of America v. Michael Vincent Catalano and Martin Goldman''] [[Justia]] (January 29, 1971)</ref> He was charged with criminal contempt along with Gambino underboss [[Aniello Dellacroce]] and [[Philadelphia crime family|Philadelphia family]] boss [[Angelo Bruno]] in April 1970 after the three were accused of refusing to answer questions by a New York County Jury investigating Mafia infiltration of legitimate business. Additionally, Catalano was indicted on weapons possession charges after federal agents discovered a .38 caliber [[Smith & Wesson]] revolver and a .25 caliber [[Browning Arms Company|Browning]] automatic pistol at his home.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/04/29/archives/2-alleged-leaders-in-mafia-indicted-2-alleged-chiefs-in-mafia.html 2 Alleged Leaders In Mafia Indicted] Lesley Oelsner, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 29, 1970)</ref> He was convicted and sentenced to two years in prison.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/453/397/386112/ ''United States of America v. Michael Vincent Catalano''] [[Justia]] (January 29, 1971)</ref>

====Salvatore Chiri====
'''Salvatore Chiri''' (August 10, 1888 – 1968) served as [[underboss]] between 1951 and 1957.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> Chiri was born in Sicily, immigrated to the United States in 1908 and lived in [[Manhattan]] and later [[the Bronx]]. A butcher by trade, he became a senior member of the family by the late 1920s. A [[The Commission (American Mafia)|Commission]] meeting took place at Chiri's home in [[Pelham Bay (neighborhood), Bronx|Pelham Bay]], the Bronx in 1951.<ref name=":3">{{Cite web|url=https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=127560&search=carlo_gambino#relPageId=5&tab=page|title=showDoc.html|date=11 February 1965|website=www.maryferrell.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.maryferrell.org/showDoc.html?docId=95048&search=chiri#relPageId=6&tab=page|title=showDoc.html|date=2 July 1964|website=www.maryferrell.org|language=en|access-date=2018-10-28}}</ref>

====Michael Cirelli====
'''Michael "Mike" Cirelli''' (March 1, 1908 – February 19, 1988) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> Cirelli was the official caretaker of the [[Ravenite Social Club]] in [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]], Manhattan and lived in an apartment above the club. Suspecting that the Ravenite was bugged by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI), boss [[John Gotti]] began meeting with his captains in Cirelli's apartment. [[Aniello Dellacroce]] had also previously used the apartment for meetings. Following Cirelli's death in February 1988, the FBI began monitoring the apartment which was occupied by his widow Lena ("Nettie").<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vB0X5C1F3XgC&pg=PA280&lpg=PA280&dq=michael+cirelli+mulberry+street&source=bl&ots=19NxwhS11S&sig=ACfU3U3D9tu-9cNuOc-mhg39VSDiJOE-Kw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiNleOdiJzuAhXrUBUIHRfhClQ4ChDoATAFegQICBAC#v=onepage&q=michael%20cirelli%20mulberry%20street&f=false ''Gotti: The Rise and Fall''] [[Jerry Capeci]] and Gene Mustaine (1996)</ref> FBI agents planted a covert listening device there while Mrs. Cirelli was in Florida over [[Thanksgiving weekend]] 1989.<ref>[https://crimereads.com/bugging-john-gotti/ Bugging John Gotti] Anthony DeStefano, [[CrimeReads]] (August 5, 2019)</ref> The audio evidence obtained from the apartment helped secure a conviction against Gotti on murder and racketeering charges in 1992.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=eCgAAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA58&lpg=PA58&dq=michael+cirelli+mulberry+street&source=bl&ots=vIsijS4mWP&sig=ACfU3U3Qfow0QemzpRrvyY2icEDJuGfzhQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjd3MGGgpzuAhWBUcAKHf_lBHQQ6AEwEnoECAgQAg#v=onepage&q=michael%20cirelli%20mulberry%20street&f=false How the feds got Gotti] Howard Blum, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' (October 25, 1993)</ref>

====Carmine Consalvo====
'''Carmine Anthony Consalvo''' ({{circa}} 1937 – September 7, 1975)<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew who was involved in drug trafficking.<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He was the brother of [[Francis Consalvo]], the uncle of [[Louis Consalvo]] and [[Salvatore Scala]], and the nephew of [[Edward Lino]].<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22407751/drug-dealers-in-the-mob-1979-article/ Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island] ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' (July 22, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220113151659/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22407751/drug-dealers-in-the-mob-1979-article/ |date=January 13, 2022 }}</ref> Consalvo was credited with a large role in establishing a heroin smuggling route between Mexico and New York. Other members of the Consalvo brothers' heroin trafficking organization included [[Charles Alaimo]], [[Vincent Beltempo]] and Edward Lino, who was the director of distribution in the heroin ring.<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island"/>

On August 1, 1972, Consalvo was shot at inside the [[Ravenite Social Club]] in [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]], [[Manhattan]] by Carlo Anthony Lombardi, who was involved in a feud with Consalvo's ''caporegime'' [[Aniello Dellacroce]]. Lombardi, an independent drug dealer, missed and was severely assaulted by his intended victims. Lombardi returned to the club on August 8 with a machine gun, but the gun malfunctioned and he fled. On August 10, Lombardi was killed by two [[.38 caliber]] bullets fired into his head while he was driving with a 23‐year‐old girlfriend on [[New York State Route 17|Route 17]] near [[Thompson, New York|Thompson]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1972/10/18/archives/city-worker-linked-to-narcotics-inquiry-slain-outside-home-figure.html City Worker Linked To Narcotics Inquiry Slain Outside Home] Ralph Blumenthal, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 18, 1972)</ref> Lombardi's associate and wheelman, Joseph Fucillo, was shot five times in the head and killed as he backed his car down the driveway of his [[Brooklyn]] home on October 17, 1972, a day after pleading guilty to a charge of distributing one ounce of heroin.<ref name="A Mob Wheelman Is Slain In His Car">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41379586/daily-news/ A Mob Wheelman Is Slain In His Car] Robert Kappstatter and Henry Lee, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 18, 1972)</ref>

In what was ruled a suicide by police, Consalvo fell to his death from his 24th-floor luxury apartment in [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]], New Jersey on September 7, 1975. At the time of his death, he was awaiting trial as part of a drug ring that trafficked $30 million worth of heroin into the United States. [[George Adamo]] and [[Charles LaRocca]], former Gambino associates who switched allegiance to the [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno family]] and were allegedly contracted with killing Consalvo, were shot dead and left in a van on a street in [[Dyker Heights, Brooklyn|Dyker Heights]], Brooklyn the following month. Consalvo's brother Francis fell to his death from the roof of a tenement building in Little Italy that December.<ref name="Police Fear an All-Out War for Gambino's Mob Empire">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/480756580/ Police Fear an All-Out War for Gambino's Mob Empire] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 17, 1976)</ref> Joseph Alaimo subsequently took over the Consalvo drug network.<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island"/> [[John Gotti|John]] and [[Gene Gotti]] told a confidential informant in 1984 that the Consalvos were killed on the orders of [[Vincent Gigante]], who was utilized by the [[The Commission (American Mafia)|Commission]] to execute mobsters who violated the Mafia's ban on being prosecuted for drug dealing.<ref name="'Crazy' Gigante got under Gotti's skin">[https://www.pressreader.com/ 'Crazy' Gigante got under Gotti's skin] Larry McShane, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (May 29, 2016)</ref>

====Edward Consalvo====
'''Edward Rocco "Eddie Ottawa" Consalvo''' (May 11, 1920 – February 1981) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew. He was possibly related to [[Carmine Consalvo|Carmine]] and [[Francis Consalvo]], two other members of the crew. Consalvo was given a suspended sentence and placed on a two year probation in 1952 for possession of untaxed alcohol. He was a suspect in the July 1956 murder of [[Abraham Telvi]]. According to informants, Consalvo was driving the getaway car. Telvi had carried out an [[acid attack]] on [[Victor Riesel]], a journalist investigating labor union corruption, on the orders of the [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] three months before being shot dead on Mulberry Street.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/>

====Francis Consalvo====
'''Francis "Frank" Consalvo''' ({{circa}} 1943 – December 1975) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew who acted as [[Aniello Dellacroce]]'s driver and bodyguard.<ref name="A Mob Wheelman Is Slain In His Car"/> He was the younger brother of [[Carmine Consalvo]], and the uncle of [[Louis Consalvo]] and [[Salvatore Scala]]. Consalvo fell to his death from the roof of a tenement building in [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]], Manhattan in December 1975, three months after his brother Francis died in a fall from his luxury apartment in [[Fort Lee, New Jersey|Fort Lee]], New Jersey. [[John Gotti|John]] and [[Gene Gotti]] told a confidential informant in 1984 that the Consalvo brothers were killed on the orders of [[Vincent Gigante]], who was utilized by the [[The Commission (American Mafia)|Commission]] to execute mobsters who violated the Mafia's ban on drug trafficking.<ref name="'Crazy' Gigante got under Gotti's skin"/> Carmine Consalvo had been awaiting trial as part of a drug ring that trafficked $30 million worth of heroin into the United States at the time of his death in September 1975.<ref name="Police Fear an All-Out War for Gambino's Mob Empire"/>

====Antonino Conte====
'''Antonino "Nino" Conte''' ({{circa}} 1881 – 1958) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' who also served as acting [[underboss]] in 1957 following the murder of the previous acting underboss, [[Frank Scalise]]. Conte was born in [[Palermo]], Sicily and immigrated to the United States in 1932 with his son [[Pasquale Conte|Pasquale]]. He lived in [[Corona, Queens|Corona]], Queens and owned a string of meat markets. Conte was suspected of being involved in the transatlantic trafficking of heroin and people.<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2018/04/08/francesco-scalisi/ Francesco Scalisi - "Don Ciccio"] TheNewYorkMafia.com (September 15, 2020)</ref>

====Pasquale Conte====
{{Main|Pasquale Conte}}

====Frank Corbi====
'''Francesco Fidele "Frank" Corbi''' (January 13, 1904 – July 9, 1990) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' of the [[Baltimore Crew]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1978/08/06/archives/crime-leaders-as-cited-by-fbi.html Crime Leaders as Cited by F.B.I.] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 6, 1978)</ref> Born in [[Dedham, Massachusetts|Dedham]], Massachusetts, he was the son of Frances (née Contanzere) and Vito Corbi (1866 – 1929), and brother of Antonio, [[Joseph Corbi|Joseph]] and Pasquale Corbi (1895 – 1955). His [[Calabria|Calabrian]]-born father and older brother Pasquale were part of the ''[[Famiglia Vagabonda]]'', a gang involved in bootlegging and [[Black Hand]] extortion rackets in West Virginia, and later relocated to [[Baltimore]] where they led the city's [[Calabrian mafia]]. In the early 1950s, the Calabrians joined with a group of Sicilians sent to the city by [[Frank Scalice]] on the orders of [[Albert Anastasia]], forming the Baltimore Crew of what is now the Gambino family. Frank Corbi became acting ''capo'' of the crew in 1966 following the death of Baltimore's first captain, [[Luigi Morici]], initially reporting directly to [[Joseph N. Gallo]] in New York before being made official ''capo''. Corbi was involved in loansharking, extortion and gambling, and had an arrest record beginning in 1921, with arrests for assault, disorderly conduct and selling intoxicating beverages. He was also the president of the Baltimore Pizza Crust, Inc., of which his younger brother Joseph was treasurer and general manager.<ref name="Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction"/> In December 1966, Corbi was shot in the leg, hand and abdomen outside a card club on [[The Block, Baltimore|The Block]] during a struggle for a gun with Angelo Tromberi after Tromberi had disarmed [[Pittsburgh crime family|Pittsburgh family]] member Antonio Ripepi, whom Corbi had ordered to pistol-whip Tromberi over a gambling debt.<ref>[http://archives.ubalt.edu/cj/pdfs/R0028_CJ_S01_B06_F022_P2.pdf Pistol Play Is Reviewed] ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (October 31, 1968)</ref> Corbi was acquitted of assaulting Tromberi on October 31, 1968.<ref>[http://archives.ubalt.edu/cj/pdfs/R0028_CJ_S01_B06_F022_P2.pdf Corbi Freed In Gun Case] George J. Hiltner, ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (November 1, 1968)</ref> On August 7, 1979, Frank and Joseph Corbi were charged under the [[Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act]] after an inspection of the interior and exterior of their company's pizza crust production system by the [[Food and Drug Administration]] (FDA) discovered an insect infestation problem. The Corbi brothers were each convicted of food hygiene violations on November 28, 1979.<ref name="''United States v. Frank F. Corbi, Joseph N. Corbi and Baltimore Pizza Crust Co., Inc.''">[https://h2o.law.harvard.edu/cases/5019 ''United States v. Frank F. Corbi, Joseph N. Corbi and Baltimore Pizza Crust Co., Inc.''] law.harvard.edu (November 28, 1979)</ref> Corbi died on July 9, 1990 at the age of eighty-six.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> Although he had been inactive for some years, Corbi's death officially marked the end of the Gambino family's Baltimore regime.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>

====Augustus Corrao====
'''Augustus Vincent "Augie" Corrao''' (July 9, 1933 – December 10, 2010) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] who operated in Florida.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> He was the son of [[Vincenzo Corrao]], brother of [[Joseph Corrao]] and uncle of [[Vincent Corrao]].<ref name="Vincenzo Corrao - 'The Blonde Guy'">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/06/20/vincenzo-corrao/ Vincenzo Corrao - 'The Blonde Guy'] TheNewYorkMafia.com (June 20, 2019)</ref> Corrao was arrested by federal agents on narcotics charges in New York City on April 1, 1954 alongside his father Vincenzo, [[Augustus Sclafani]] and two others. The arrests were the culmination of a six-month investigation, during which two preliminary purchases of ten ounces each of heroin were made by narcotics agents.<ref name="''Hearings, Volume 8''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8G18a9YW3d4C&pg=RA5-PA177&lpg=RA5-PA177&dq=augustus+corrao&source=bl&ots=K0t2ue-7v_&sig=ACfU3U0sLOKTS4atP0oUD5Z6gQOIIfJXcw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAtITzo6buAhXHh1wKHYPsBmkQ6AEwEnoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=augustus%20corrao&f=false ''Hearings, Volume 8''] [[United States House Committee on Appropriations]] (1955)</ref> He later partnered with [[Genovese crime family|Genovese family]] mobster [[Angelo Lapi]] and several [[Chicago]] bookmakers in overseeing a betting operation based in [[Hallandale Beach, Florida|Hallandale Beach]], Florida.<ref name="Vincenzo Corrao - "The Blonde Guy"">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/06/20/vincenzo-corrao/ Vincenzo Corrao - "The Blonde Guy"] TheNewYorkMafia.com (June 20, 2019)</ref> The group was allegedly also involved in drug trafficking in Chicago and the Dominican Republic, and Illinois congressman [[Dan Rostenkowski]] reportedly betted with the group. An undercover [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) investigation of Corrao's bookmaking ring ended in June 1994 with no arrests after Rostenkowski was indicted on unrelated federal charges.<ref>[https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/the-fbis-most-wanted-agent-6331559 The FBI's Most Wanted Agent] Bob Norman, ''[[New Times Broward-Palm Beach]]'' (January 14, 1999)</ref> Corrao lived in [[Pompano Beach, Florida|Pompano Beach]], Florida in his later years and died aged seventy-seven on December 10, 2010.<ref>[https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/augustus-vincent-corrao-birth-1933-death-2010/13483693 Augustus Vincent Corrao (1933 - 2010)] [[AncientFaces]]</ref>

====Joseph Corrao====
'''Joseph Vincent "Joe Butch" Corrao''' (October 31, 1936 – November 14, 2001) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' of the [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] Crew.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> He was the son of [[Vincenzo Corrao]], brother of [[Augustus Corrao]] and father of [[Vincent Corrao]]. Sponsored by Domenico Castore, Corrao became a [[made man]] in May 1976 and succeeded his father Vincenzo as ''capo'' of the Little Italy Crew after his death that same month. The crew's operations included loansharking, gambling and the extortion of various legitimate businesses. Corrao owned two restaurants and several additional buildings on [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] in [[Lower Manhattan]].<ref name="Vincenzo Corrao - 'The Blonde Guy'"/> On June 20, 1986, Corrao was indicted on federal racketeering charges along with fellow Gambino family members [[Thomas Agro]], [[Joseph Armone]], [[Robert DiBernardo]], [[James Failla]], [[Joseph N. Gallo]], [[John Giordano (gangster)|John Giordano]], [[Angelo Ruggiero]], [[Anthony Vitta]] and [[Joseph Zingaro]], and associates George Daly, Louis Giardina, Julie Miron, Salvatore Migliorisi and Mildred Russo.<ref name="''United States of America v. Joseph N. Gallo, Joseph Armone, Joseph Corrao, Robert DiBernardo, James Failla, Joseph Zingaro, Thomas Agro, Robert Desimone, Jack Giordano, Angelo Ruggiero, Anthony Vitta, George Daly, Louis Giardina, Salvatore Migliorisi, Julie Miron and Mildred Russo''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/863/185/336767/ ''United States of America v. Joseph N. Gallo, Joseph Armone, Joseph Corrao, Robert DiBernardo, James Failla, Joseph Zingaro, Thomas Agro, Robert Desimone, Jack Giordano, Angelo Ruggiero, Anthony Vitta, George Daly, Louis Giardina, Salvatore Migliorisi, Julie Miron and Mildred Russo''] [[Justia]] (September 26, 1988)</ref> [[Nicholas Corozzo]] took over Corrao's operation while he was under indictment.<ref name="''21st Annual Report''">[https://www.nj.gov/sci/pdf/annual21.pdf ''21st Annual Report''] [[New Jersey State Commission of Investigation]] (1989)</ref> Mildred Russo, a clerk at the [[Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse]] in Manhattan, conspired between 1975 and 1983 with Gambino family leaders through Corrao and associate [[Augustus Sclafani]] to obtain information about confidential grand jury matters and other criminal proceedings.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1986/06/21/us/court-aide-and-15-others-indicted-in-move-against-gambino-group.html Court aide and 15 others idicted in move against Gambino group] [[Selwyn Raab]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 21, 1986)</ref> Fearing that Sclafani would cooperate with authorities, boss [[John Gotti]] ordered him killed. Sclafani was shot and stabbed to death in Corrao's social club in Little Italy, allegedly by [[Joe Watts]]. Corrao was acquitted of loansharking, extortion and obstruction of justice on June 11, 1987.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/12/nyregion/2-acquitted-of-racketeering-charges-at-gambino-trial-in-brooklyn.html 2 acquitted of racketeering charges at Gambino trial in Brooklyn] Leonard Buder, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 12, 1987)</ref>

Corrao was again indicted for loansharking and other racketeering crimes in the early 1990s. He pleaded guilty to one count of participating in a racketeering enterprise, in violation of the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO), and he was sentenced to five years and eight months in prison followed by three years supervised release in October 1993.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/152/188/543934/ ''Joseph Corrao v. United States of America''] [[Justia]] (March 12, 1998)</ref> His relationship with John Gotti became fraught because he violated the boss' rule by accepting a plea deal.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/new-yorks-dapper-don-last-saw-fireworks-display-he-made-famous-30-years-ago/ New York's dapper don last saw fireworks display he made famous 30 years ago] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (July 6, 2020)</ref> Corrao also showed contempt for John's brother and acting boss [[Peter Gotti]].<ref>[https://nymag.com/nymetro/news/crimelaw/features/10869/ The Dumbest Don] Peter Lombardi, ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' (January 19, 2005)</ref> He was released from prison in 1998 and died of kidney failure on November 14, 2001 at the age of sixty-five. Corrao's son Vincent, who served as acting captain while he was imprisoned, inherited his father's crew following his death.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2004/06/03/feds-butch-slap-capo/ Feds 'butch' slap 'capo'] Murray Weiss, ''[[New York Post]]'' (June 3, 2004)</ref>

====Vincenzo Corrao====
'''Vincenzo "Vincent" Corrao''' ({{circa}} 1909 – May 28, 1976), nicknamed "Jimmy the Blond" and "Vinny the Shrimp", was a ''[[caporegime]]'' of the [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] Crew.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> He was the father of [[Augustus Corrao|Augustus]] and [[Vincenzo Corrao]], and grandfather of [[Vincent Corrao]]. Corrao was born in New York City to [[Sicilians|Sicilian]] parents from [[Trapani]] and was raised in Little Italy, Manhattan. He continued operating in the area even when he later resided in [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]], Brooklyn. Corrao was involved in narcotics, gambling and loansharking rackets. He also owned properties, including a social club, on [[Grand Street (Manhattan)|Grand Street]] in [[Lower Manhattan]] and was a partner and operator of a trucking company in [[Maspeth, Queens|Maspeth]], Queens. His arrest record began in 1937 for receiving stolen goods, and he was later convicted on federal narcotics charges. Corrao was arrested by federal agents for drug trafficking in New York City on April 1, 1954 alongside his son Augustus, [[Augustus Sclafani]] and two others. The arrests were the culmination of a six-month investigation, during which two preliminary purchases of ten ounces each of heroin were made by narcotics agents.<ref name="''Hearings, Volume 8''"/> He died from natural causes at the age of sixty-seven on May 28, 1976. His son Joseph succeeded his as captain of the Little Italy Crew.<ref name="Vincenzo Corrao - 'The Blonde Guy'"/>

====Samuel Corsaro====
{{Main|Samuel Corsaro}}

====Pasquale Crapanzano====
'''Pasquale "Patsy" Crapanzano''' (September 3, 1909 – November 30, 1998) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] who was involved in [[Labor unions in the United States|labor union]] racketeering.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> Crapanzano was sentenced to ten years in prison for armed robbery in 1929. In 1957, he became the secretary/treasurer of [[International Brotherhood of Teamsters]] Local 27. Crapanzano was indicted on July 9, 1964 on charges of extorting $12,660 from a bookbindery in order to insure labor peace.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/07/10/archives/us-jury-indicts-li-teamster-aide-accuses-him-of-extortion-to-insure.html U.S. JURY INDICTS L.I. TEAMSTER AIDE; Accuses Him of Extortion to Insure Labor Peace] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 10, 1964)</ref> He was convicted later that year of violating the [[Taft–Hartley Act]], given a three-year suspended prison term and fined $25,000.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VYzsbMg_lq4C&pg=PA192&lpg=PA192&dq=patsy+crapanzano&source=bl&ots=WCeD0a15X4&sig=ACfU3U3-FBnI0rtZ5aqOFAe3vHUHm1M0iA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi7oJXpt6vuAhWBQhUIHeX_DJ84ChDoATAJegQIChAC#v=onepage&q=patsy%20crapanzano&f=false ''Status of the Department of Justice Organized Crime Strike Forces''] [[United States Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations|U.S. Senate Homeland Security Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations]] (September 8, 1989)</ref> On June 29, 1990, Pasquale Crapanzano and his son Liborio "Robert" Crapanzano – the president of Local 27 – were both charged with being members of the Mafia.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/image/?clipping_id=38508928&fcfToken=eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJmcmVlLXZpZXctaWQiOjQ2NzMxODgzMSwiaWF0IjoxNjExMTc4MTQ1LCJleHAiOjE2MTEyNjQ1NDV9.h_oJLnOGrB8qhRBDfq-RZ6rjYp9QOqd0GY11i6kJPz4 A Teamsters dirty dozen] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (July 1, 1990)</ref> He lived in [[Elmont, New York|Elmont]], [[Long Island]] and died on November 30, 1998 at the age of eighty-nine.<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/06/09/pasquale-crapanzano/ Pasquale Crapanzano - "The Union Soldato"] TheNewYorkMafia.com (June 9, 2019)</ref>

====Joseph D'Angelo, Sr.====
'''Joseph "Stymie" D'Angelo, Sr.''' ({{circa}} 1948 – 1985) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in [[Sammy Gravano]]'s [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]] Crew. He was the father of [[Joseph D'Angelo, Jr.]]. D'Angelo was fatally shot in the head by an unnamed [[Colombo crime family|Colombo family]] associate who was high on cocaine following an altercation in a Bensonhurst bar he managed in 1985.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/to-your-left-is-the-spot-where-joey-got-popped/article4133104/ To your left is the spot where Joey got popped] Miro Cernetig, ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' (25 March 2002)</ref> He was thirty-seven years old.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2002/03/10/booo-da-bing-club-ghosts-of-men-killed-by-the-mob-haunt-bklyn-eatery/ Booo!-da-bing club: 'ghosts' of men killed by the mob 'haunt' B'klyn eatery] Al Guart, ''[[New York Post]]'' (March 10, 2002)</ref> D'Angelo's son Joseph, Jr. also later became a [[made man]] in the Gambino family.<ref name="Mob snitch is full of Bull, sez Gotti lawyer">[https://www.pressreader.com/usa/new-york-daily-news/20060823/281603825941136 Mob snitch is full of Bull, sez Gotti lawyer] Thomas Zambito, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (August 23, 2006)</ref>

====Salvatore D'Aquila====
{{Main|Salvatore D'Aquila}}

====Frank Dabbene====
'''Frank "Don Cheech" Dabbene''' (January 10, 1897 – 1984) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Baltimore Crew]]. Born in [[Reggio Calabria]], Italy, he lived in [[Utica, New York|Utica]], New York before moving to [[Baltimore]], Maryland, where he was a financier of bookmaking operations and [[floating craps]] games, and also held hidden ownership in a bar and a wholesale soda distribution company. Additionally, Dabbene was suspected by the [[Federal Bureau of Narcotics]] (FBN) of international narcotics trafficking.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/> He died in 1984, aged eighty-seven.<ref name="Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction"/>

====Frank Dapolito====
'''Frank Robert "Frankie Dap" Dapolito''' (December 1, 1923 – January 20, 1997) was a ''[[caporegime]]''.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> One of five brothers, he was raised in [[Greenwich Village]], Manhattan and later resided in [[Bayside, Queens|Bayside]], Queens. Dapolito was a professional boxer in his youth and became a [[made man]] in the Gambino family in the 1950s, serving as a soldier until the early 1980s when he was appointed acting captain and then official captain of [[Ettore Zappi]]'s crew upon Zappi's semi-retirement to Florida. For many years, Dapolito held the position of business agent in [[International Brotherhood of Teamsters]] Union 854 of [[Valley Stream, New York|Valley Stream]], [[Long Island]]. Ettore Zappi's son [[Anthony Zappi|Anthony]] was the longtime secretary/treasurer of the same union.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_OUCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=frank+dapolito+gambino&source=bl&ots=QgIiNpH6dd&sig=ACfU3U106pTnIAnV_MIkzwUGb4peQZ0Ewg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjP4vnpu63uAhXKTxUIHah0Bmo4FBDoATAJegQIBxAC#v=onepage&q=frank%20dapolito%20gambino&f=false The Godfather and the Guards] [[Nicholas Pileggi]], ''[[New York (magazine)|New York]]'' (April 27, 1981)</ref> When the federal government began cracking down on Mafia infiltration of the union movement in the mid-1980s, Dapolito and Zappi resigned from their positions to avoid being expelled, which allowed them to retain their pensions. He then became personnel manager for a group of school bus companies that held lucrative city contracts.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/817c615c24938768f2143a6ac93f22ba Report: School Bus Contracts Go to Companies with Ties to Mafia] [[Associated Press]] (December 26, 1990)</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/12/26/nyregion/school-buses-unions-mob-special-report-school-bus-pacts-go-companies-with-ties.html School buses, unions and the mob: a special report; school bus pacts go to companies with ties to mob] [[Selwyn Raab]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 26, 1990)</ref> In addition to labor racketeering, Dapolito was also involved in loansharking. In November 1994, he was sentenced to forty months in prison after being convicted of loansharking and racketeering.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1995/04/23/nyregion/officials-say-school-bus-system-has-ties-to-mob.html Officials Say School Bus System Has Ties to Mob] [[Selwyn Raab]], ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 23, 1995)</ref><ref name="Where Are They Now?"/> Dapolito was paroled after serving approximately twenty-seven months of his sentence and died on January 20, 1997, aged seventy-three.<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/05/25/frankie-dapolito/ Frank Dapolito - "The Dapper One"] TheNewYorkMafia.com (May 25, 2019)</ref>

====Thomas DeBrizzi====
'''Thomas Anthony "Tommy" DeBrizzi''' ({{circa}} 1922 – January 30, 1988) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the Connecticut faction.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> A [[made man]] since at least 1966, he resided in [[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]] and was involved in gambling and loansharking rackets in Stratford, [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]] and [[West Haven, Connecticut|West Haven]]. DeBrizzi's criminal record started in 1941 and included convictions on illegal gambling, loansharking, racketeering and weapons charges. He was arrested for transporting a woman from [[Augusta, Georgia|Augusta]], Georgia to [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], Virginia for the purpose of prostitution in 1952. In 1958, DeBrizzi was convicted of assault and breach in connection with two separate disturbances. A federal anti-loansharking statute was used for the first time in Connecticut against DeBrizzi and an associate, Angelo D. DeStafano, in 1969. He took control of the Gambino family's operations in [[Fairfield County, Connecticut|Fairfield County]] after the previous captain, [[Frank Piccolo]], was killed in September 1981. In April 1984, DeBrizzi's home in Stratford was one of six raided by the [[Connecticut State Police]] (CSP) during a crackdown on illegal gambling. $77,000 in cash, three handguns and betting slips were seized. While serving a ninety-day sentence on state racketeering and gambling charges the following year, he was indicted by a federal grand jury on three counts of illegally possessing firearms, two [[.38 caliber]] and a [[.44 caliber]]. DeBrizzi was convicted on the firearms charges and was sentenced to serve twenty-four months' imprisonment at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury|FCI Danbury]]. He was released in August 1987 after serving sixteen months of his sentence.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9006300/hartford-courant/ For crime boss DeBrizzi, an unusual eulogy] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (February 11, 1988)</ref>

The leadership of the Gambino family had changed while DeBrizzi was in prison, with [[John Gotti]] supplanting [[Paul Castellano]] as boss. On February 5, 1988, DeBrizzi’s frozen corpse was found in the trunk of a car he had borrowed in shopping mall parking lot in [[Trumbull, Connecticut|Trumbull]]. The sixty-four-year-old had been shot four times in the head, chest and neck.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/02/07/Police-search-for-clues-in-mobster-slaying/7029571208400/ Police search for clues in mobster slaying] [[United Press International]] (February 7, 1988)</ref><ref name="Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time"/> [[Anthony Megale]], who had started taking control over some of DeBrizzi's bookmaking and sports-betting operations in [[Stamford, Connecticut|Stamford]] while he was imprisoned, succeeded him as ''capo'' of the Connecticut crew.<ref>[https://www.stamfordadvocate.com/news/article/From-the-archives-Gotti-sends-capo-to-CT-4267124.php From the archives -- Gotti sends capo to CT] Dieter Stanko, ''[[Stamford Advocate]]'' (February 10, 2013)</ref> Mobster-turned-government witness [[Sammy Gravano]] later testified that the underboss of the previous regime, [[Thomas Bilotti]], had allowed DeBrizzi the option of missing meetings with the family's administration, but DeBrizzi angered John Gotti by refusing on three occasions to meet with Gotti in New York City. Gotti ordered DeBrizzi's killing as a means of sending a message to his other captains.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=QbDFyjuaQGYC&pg=PT364&lpg=PT364&dq=thomas+debrizzi&source=bl&ots=6B6fdIGKFT&sig=ACfU3U0bqC87V575suPmHI_LrtUpRVKAtQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiQxYbN-q_uAhXQURUIHSfkCJ84HhDoATAIegQICxAC#v=onepage&q=thomas%20debrizzi&f=false ''Mob Star: The Story of John Gott''] Gene Mustain and [[Jerry Capeci]] (1988)</ref>

====Frank DeCicco====
{{Main|Frank DeCicco}}

====Ettore DeCurtis====
'''Ettore Luigi "Eddie Dolls" DeCurtis''' (June 21, 1913 – July 1985), also as '''Edward Costello''', '''James Rubino''' and '''Edward Russo''', was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew and a financier of pornographic literature, films and homosexual bars.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/><ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> The brother of [[Guido DeCurtis]], he was also involved in extortion, insurance fraud and illegal fireworks rackets. DeCurtis' criminal record included charges of counterfeiting, burglary, gun violations, arson and coercion.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5earR_pTmWcC&pg=PA107&lpg=PA107&dq=eddie+dolls+decurtis&source=bl&ots=NIeW4E5dgv&sig=ACfU3U1W8aHTbleVRwYsv-GZeiFGBNCzHA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiHnt7AmrDuAhUZTxUIHS5eA3g4ChDoATAEegQIBRAC#v=onepage&q=eddie%20dolls%20decurtis&f=false ''NewsWalker - A Story for Sweeney''] R. Thomas Collins (March 2002)</ref> He had interests in homosexual bars, restaurants and after-hours clubs since at least the mid-1960s. In 1965, DeCurtis was charged along with [[Donato Fatico]] and John Vignini with multiple misdemeanor counts of keeping a disorderly house, conspiracy to violate federal liquor laws and disorderly conduct after the [[Nassau County Police Department]] raided a bar that catered to homosexuals in [[Island Park, New York|Island Park]], [[Long Island]]. In 1967, DeCurtis, Fatico and Vignini were arrested again, this time on perjury charges related to an arson investigation after two rival gay bars located in nearby [[Oceanside, New York|Oceanside]] were attacked with Molotov cocktails.<ref name="John Gotti's true early mentor... Daniel (Danny Wagons) Fatico">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/11/11/daniel-danny-wags-fatico/ John Gotti's true early mentor... Daniel (Danny Wagons) Fatico] TheNewYorkMafia.com (November 11, 2020)</ref> All three defendants were convicted on all charges, and DeCurtis was sentenced to two one-year prison sentences to run concurrently.<ref name="Feds Tracked Mob Control of Gay Bars into the 1980s">[https://www.gaycitynews.com/feds-tracked-mob-control-of-gay-bars-into-the-1980s/ Feds Tracked Mob Control of Gay Bars into the 1980s] Duncan Osborne, ''[[Gay City News]]'' (August 30, 2018)</ref> An informant told the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) in September 1967 that DeCurtis and his brother Guido were behind the opening of the [[Stonewall Inn]] in [[Greenwich Village]]. After his release from prison, DeCurtis took control of a pornography business in [[Lower Manhattan]] in 1973.<ref>[https://larryrevene.com/2013/01/02/dont-toy-with-dolls/ Don't toy with Dolls!] Larry Revene, larryrevene.com (January 2, 2013)</ref> The company, Wholesale Books, was one of the largest manufacturers, producers and distributors of adult literature and films in the United States.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/482169578/ The Dirty Money Man: He Fertilizes Golden Porn] William Federici and Thomas Collins, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (April 15, 1977)</ref>

The FBI reported as recently as 1980 that DeCurtis "probably continues to maintain secret interests in bars in lower Manhattan that cater to homosexuals". DeCurtis, who lived with his wife in [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]], Long Island and also owned a home on [[Staten Island]], died of natural causes in July 1985, aged seventy-two.<ref name="Gambino Soldier Allegedly Had Interest In The Stonewall Inn">[http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2009/09/gambino-soldier-allegedly-had-interest.html Gambino Soldier Allegedly Had Interest In The Stonewall Inn] FiveFamiliesNYC.com (September 19, 2009)</ref> His twenty-nine year old son Gregory DeCurtis was shot dead by a gunman who fled on a motorcycle as he sat inside a stretch limousine on [[Bleecker Street]] in Greenwich Village on March 21, 1988.<ref name="Man Shot Dead Mob-Style By Motorcyclist in Village">[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/22/nyregion/man-shot-dead-mob-style-by-motorcyclist-in-village.html Man Shot Dead Mob-Style By Motorcyclist in Village] George James, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 22, 1988)</ref><ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/03/22/Police-investigate-limousine-slaying/1178575010000/ Police investigate limousine slaying] [[United Press International]] (March 22, 1988)</ref>

====Guido DeCurtis====
'''Guido Mario DeCurtis''' ({{circa}} 1914 – March 16, 1977) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew.<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He was involved in numerous rackets, including the financing of bars that catered to homosexuals, with his brother [[Ettore DeCurtis]]. An informant told the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) in September 1967 that the DeCurtis brothers were behind the opening of the [[Stonewall Inn]] in [[Greenwich Village]], Manhattan.<ref name="Gambino Soldier Allegedly Had Interest In The Stonewall Inn"/> He and Louis F. DiSalvo were arrested by the FBI on gambling charges on July 8, 1975 after federal agents raided and closed a high stakes gambling house on the [[East Side (Manhattan)|East Side]] of Manhattan.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/09/archives/gambling-charges-hold-reputed-mafia-member.html Gambling Charges Hold Reputed Mafia Member] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 9, 1975)</ref>

DeCurtis died after being shot twice on [[Lexington Avenue]] on Manhattan's East Side on March 16, 1977 in full view of passersby and a police officer.<ref name="Man Shot Dead Mob-Style By Motorcyclist in Village"/> The officer arrested a suspect, Lebanese-Canadian dual citizen Joseph Djaija, after a chase.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/481999773/ Seized in East Side killing] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (March 16, 1977)</ref> At the time of his death, sixty-two-year-old DeCurtis' underboss and former ''caporegime'' [[Aniello Dellacroce]] was involved in a conflict with [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno family]] acting boss [[Carmine Galante]] over heroin rackets. While some law enforcement officials believe DeCurtis was killed because of a personal feud concerning gambling rights in [[Astoria, Queens|Astoria]], Queens, Dellacroce suspected that the murder was carried out by the Canadian faction of the Bonnano family and sent henchmen to [[Montreal]], an important link in Galante's narcotics network. Dellacroce's men interrogated several Galante associates but found no proof that he had ordered DeCurtis' murder.<ref>[http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,918956-6,00.html The Nation: THE MAFIA Big, Bad and Booming] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (May 16, 1977)</ref>

====Aniello Dellacroce====
{{Main|Aniello Dellacroce}}

====Armond Dellacroce====
'''Armond "Buddy" Dellacroce''' (July 16, 1955 – April 4, 1988) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] and the son of [[Aniello Dellacroce]].<ref name="FBI deadlist"/><ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He pleaded guilty to criminal contempt on August 1, 1980 and he was sentenced to a one-year prison term on October 7, 1980 after he refused to testify at a grand jury investigation into the July 12, 1979 murder of acting [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno]] boss [[Carmine Galante]].<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/07/The-son-of-reputed-gangland-boss-Aniello-DellaCroce-was/2839339739200/ Son of gangland boss sentenced] [[United Press International]] (October 7, 1980)</ref><ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/10/National-News-Briefs/2067339998400/ National News Briefs] [[United Press International]] (October 10, 1980)</ref>

Dellacroce was indicted on racketeering and conspiracy charges along with his underboss father Aniello, boss [[John Gotti]] and seven others in March 1985. Dellacroce pleaded guilty to one count of racketeering conspiracy on December 6, 1985, four days after his father died aged seventy-one of natural causes. Facing twenty years' imprisonment and a $25,000 fine, he disappeared before he was scheduled to be sentenced on March 31, 1986 and became the subject of a nationwide manhunt.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/afd66a5cfce6eda272739fdd0b42dfcc Nationwide Manhunt for Armond Dellacroce] John M. Doyle, [[Associated Press]] (April 2, 1986)</ref> Dellacroce died at the age of 32 while hiding in the [[Pocono Mountains]] of Pennsylvania on April 4, 1988 after two years as a fugitive. The cause of death was listed as a cerebral hemorrhage resulting from alcoholic cirrhosis.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/07/nyregion/fugitive-in-a-mafia-case-turns-up-dead.html?scp=14&sq=%22Aniello%20Dellacroce%22&st=cse Fugitive in a Mafia Case Turns Up Dead] Marvine Howe, ''[[New York Times]]'' (April 7, 1988)</ref> He tested positive for the AIDS virus after his death.<ref>[https://www.mcall.com/news/mc-xpm-1988-04-19-2634453-story,amp.html Fugitive had AIDS virus, officials say Mafia figure was tested after death in Poconos] Terry Mutchler, ''[[The Morning Call]]'' (April 19, 1988)</ref>

====Carmine Dellacroce====
'''Carmine James Dellacroce''' (December 2, 1905 – January 1969) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew and the brother of [[Aniello Dellacroce]].<ref name="FBI deadlist"/><ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He was convicted of striking a man on the head with a hammer during a fight in 1937 and sentenced to a six-month prison term. Dellacroce lived in [[Valley Stream, New York|Valley Stream]], [[Long Island]] and died in January 1969 at the age of sixty-three.<ref>[https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/carmine-dellacroce-birth-1905-death-1969/13484532 Carmine Dellacroce (1905 - 1969)] [[AncientFaces]]</ref>

====Joseph Delmonico====
'''Joseph "Joe Brewster" Delmonico''' (– March 2022)

<ref>[https://www.ganglandnews.com/ Oldest Living Gambino Wiseguy Checks Out At Age 101 With His Rap Sheet Still Clean] [[Jerry Capeci]], ganglandnews.com (April 21, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220424150921/https://www.ganglandnews.com/ |date=April 24, 2022 }}</ref>

====Anthony DeLutro====
'''Anthony "Tony West" DeLutro''' (April 9, 1927 – March 26, 1997) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew.<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He was the brother of [[Cataldo DeLutro]] and father of [[John DeLutro]].<ref>[https://nypost.com/2014/04/30/reputed-mobster-cannoli-king-sexually-harassed-waitress-suit/ Reputed mobster ‘cannoli king’ sexually harassed waitress: suit] Jamie Schram, ''[[New York Post]]'' (April 30, 2014)</ref> In December 1964, DeLutro was convicted along with five others of various crimes relating to the burglary of seven [[United States Postal Service]] offices in New Jersey and the transportation and receipt of stamps stolen therefrom.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/365/206/54400/ ''United States of America v. Daniel Bozza, Charles Mulhearn, Ronald Jones, Michael Pizzo, Salvatore Guarnieri and Anthony Delutro''] [[Justia]] (February 25, 1966)</ref> The gang stole $158,485 in postage stamps and blank money orders that could be cashed for as much as $147,000.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/12/11/archives/6-are-found-guilty-in-postal-burglaries.html 6 Are Found Guilty In Postal Burglaries] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 11, 1964)</ref> DeLutro was one of three operators of an [[afterhours club]] in Manhattan's [[Flatiron District]] arrested on May 18, 1969 following a grand jury investigation conducted by the [[United States Attorney for the Southern District of New York|U.S. Attorney]]'s office and the [[United States Department of Justice|Justice Department]]'s Joint Strike Force on Organized Crime and Racketeering. The trio were found guilty of engaging in a retail liquor business without paying the federal tax on retail liquor dealers. On February 10, 1971, he was sentenced to two years in prison and fined $500.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/02/12/archives/3-operators-of-bar-in-basement-jailed-on-us-tax-charge.html 3 Operators of Bar In Basement Jailed On U.S. Tax Charge] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 12, 1971)</ref>

DeLutro was among nineteen people, also including [[Frank Lucas]], who were indicted in January 1975 on narcotics trafficking charges after a year-long investigation by the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA).<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/01/30/archives/19-indicted-in-heroin-traffic-in-city.html 19 Indicted in Heroin Traffic in City] Jill Gerston, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 30, 1975)</ref> He was convicted on October 4, 1975 of distributing and conspiracy to distribute heroin as part of a narcotics ring that distributed over a hundred pounds of the drug in the New York metropolitan area in a one‐year period ending in early 1974.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1975/12/04/archives/2-receive-30-years-as-heroin-dealers.html 2 receive 30 years as heroin dealer] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 4, 1975)</ref> On December 3, 1975, DeLutro was sentenced to twenty-five years' imprisonment.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/617/316/41258/ ''United States of America v. Anthony Delutro''] [[Justia]] (December 12, 1979)</ref> He later lived in [[Rego Park, Queens|Rego Park]], Queens and died on March 26, 1997 aged sixty-nine.<ref>[https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/anthony-delutro-birth-1927-death-1997/16867774 Anthony Delutro (1927 - 1997)] [[AncientFaces]]</ref>

====Cataldo DeLutro====
'''Cataldo Calegro DeLutro''' (November 27, 1916 – April 14, 1987), nicknamed "Charlie the Animal" and "Charlie West", was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew and the brother of [[Anthony DeLutro]].<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He was known as a loanshark and had a long criminal record.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/12/archives/bail-is-revoked-in-postal-thefts-delutro-ordered-to-jail-in-effort.html BAIL IS REVOKED IN POSTAL THEFTS; Delutro Ordered to Jail in Effort to Protect Witness] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 12, 1964)</ref> In May 1969, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) agents questioned Leonard Horowitz, a businessman who DeLutro had loaned a total of $42,000 in cash over a seven month period ending in the spring of 1969. The FBI obtained permission to install listening equipment at Horowitz's business office to record a meeting with DeLutro. On May 12, Leonard Horowitz informed DeLutro's messenger that he was unable to make his full weekly payment, prompting DeLutro to visit him later that day to collect. The conversation was recorded, and was watched by an FBI agent hidden a few feet away. In 1970, DeLutro was convicted of violating the federal loansharking statute and the [[Hobbs Act]], sentenced to eight years in prison and fined $10,000.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/435/255/96157/ ''United States of America v. Cataldo Calegro Delutro''] [[Justia]] (October 23, 1970)</ref> He died at the age of seventy on April 14, 1987.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/>

====Roy DeMeo====
{{Main|Roy DeMeo}}

====Gregory DePalma====
{{Main|Gregory DePalma}}

====Paul DiBella====
'''Paul DiBella''' (born {{circa}} 1921) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] who controlled numerous [[afterhours club]]s in [[Greenwich Village]], Manhattan, some of which catered to the homosexual community.<ref name="Feds Tracked Mob Control of Gay Bars into the 1980s"/> A resident of [[Jackson Heights, Queens|Jackson Heights]], Queens, he was the primary target of an investigation into unlicensed bars by a joint task force consisting of the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD), the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF) and the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS) which led to his arrest at his summer residence on [[Greenwood Lake]], New Jersey on July 18, 1971. Twenty-seven others, including DiBella's stepson Nicholas DiMartino, were also arrested in connection to raids carried out at nine Manhattan afterhours clubs.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/19/archives/di-bella-held-in-raids-called-soldier-in-the-gambino-family.html Di Bella, Held in Raids, Called ‘Soldier in the Gambino Family’] James M. Markham, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 19, 1971)</ref> Narcotics were discovered at several of the raided premises.<ref>[https://www.villagevoice.com/2010/12/21/drugs-and-porno-in-the-village-oh-my/ Hitting where it hurts] Mary Perot Nichols, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' (July 22, 1971)</ref>

====Robert DiBernardo====
{{Main|Robert DiBernardo}}

====Louis DiBono====
'''Louis Salvatore Valentino DiBono''' (May 3, 1927 – October 4, 1990) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in [[Pasquale Conte]]'s crew.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> Born in [[Corona, Queens|Corona]], Queens, he was a construction contractor and operated a plastering and drywall company. In the early 1980s, DiBono became embroiled in a dispute with business partner [[Sammy Gravano]], a member of another Gambino crew. A sit-down was held with boss [[Paul Castellano]], at which an irate Gravano accused DiBono of withholding $200,000 in payments for subcontracts and threatened to kill DiBono. Gambino underboss [[Aniello Dellacroce]] intervened on Gravano's behalf, and Castellano ordered the two men to end their business partnership.<ref name=p3>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/underbosssammyb000maas|url-access=registration|author=Peter Maas|author-link=Peter Maas|title=Underboss|publisher=[[HarperCollins]]|location=New York City|date=1997|isbn=0-06-018256-3|page=[https://archive.org/details/underbosssammyb000maas/page/3 3]}}</ref> DiBono's company was contracted to apply fireproofing material to the infrastructure of the [[World Trade Center (1973–2001)|World Trade Center]] beginning in 1969. The manner in which DiBono obtained the contract was subject to a criminal investigation into [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey|New York and New Jersey Port Authority]] construction contracting. No criminal charges resulted from the fireproofing work.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2001/12/14/nyregion/nation-challenged-towers-since-beginning-questions-dogged-trade-center-s.html A NATION CHALLENGED: THE TOWERS; Since the Beginning, Questions Dogged the Trade Center's Fireproofing] James Glanz and Michael Moss, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 14, 2001)</ref>

DiBono was found dead in his [[Cadillac]] in an underground parking garage at the World Trade Center on October 4, 1990. He had been shot three times in the head, apparently outside the car before being placed on the car's front seat. DiBono, who resided in [[Glen Cove, New York|Glen Cove]], [[Long Island]], was sixty-three years old.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/05/nyregion/reputed-mob-figure-found-shot-to-death-in-his-cadillac.html Reputed Mob Figure Found Shot to Death in His Cadillac] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 5, 1990)</ref> He was laid to rest at Mount Saint Mary Cemetary in [[Flushing, Queens|Flushing]], Queens.<ref>[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/7701873/louis-dibono Louis DiBono] [[Find a Grave]] (July 22, 2003)</ref> The murder was not captured on surveillance cameras and no witnesses could be located.<ref>[https://npdf1.org/crime-scene-world-trade-center/ Crime Scene – World Trade Center] J. R. de Szigethy, npdf1.org</ref> On December 11, 1990, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) agents and [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) detectives raided the [[Ravenite Social Club]], arresting the Gambino family administration, [[John Gotti]], [[Frank Locascio]] and Sammy Gravano. The trio were charged with the murders of DiBono and four others, and various other offences.<ref name="1992 trial appeal">{{cite web|title=UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Appellee, v. FRANK LOCASCIO, and JOHN GOTTI, Defendants-Appellants.|url=http://www.ipsn.org/court_cases/us_v_locascio-appeal-1993-10-08.htm|work=ispn.org|publisher=United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|access-date=March 9, 2012|date=October 8, 1993|archive-date=March 15, 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120315091008/http://www.ipsn.org/court_cases/us_v_locascio-appeal-1993-10-08.htm|url-status=live}}</ref> Underboss-turned-government witness Sammy Gravano later testified that DiBono was killed after a dispute with boss John Gotti. According to Gravano, Gotti ordered DiBono's killing and selected DiBono's ''caporegime'' Pasquale Conte to oversee it.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1993-02-07-9303176666-story.html 3 reputed followers of Gotti indicted in murder] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (February 7, 1993)</ref> On April 2, 1992, Gotti was convicted on all charges, and Locascio was found guilty on all but one. Both defendants were sentenced on June 23, 1992 to [[Life imprisonment in the United States|life imprisonment without the possibility of parole]] and a $250,000 fine.<ref name="1992 trial appeal"/> Pasquale Conte and two of his soldiers, [[Paul Graziano]] and [[Anthony Vinciullo]], were charged with the DiBono murder in February 1993.<ref>[https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F0CEFDE143CF935A35751C0A965958260&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/Subjects/O/Organized%20Crime "3 Reputed Gotti Associates Charged With Murder"] by Joseph P. Fried, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 6, 1993)</ref> However, in January 1994 a mistrial was declared due to a [[hung jury]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/06/nyregion/mistrial-is-declared-in-mafia-murder-case.html?scp=7&sq=Pasquale%20Conte&st=cse "Mistrial Is Declared in Mafia Murder Case"] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 6, 1994)</ref> Conte, Graziano and Vinciullo were reindicted for the murder in June 1994 and, in lieu of a retrial, the trio decided to accept a [[plea bargain]] deal from the government.<ref name="guilty plea">{{cite news|last1=Fried|first1=Joseph P|title=Guilty Plea In a Killing In a Mob Case|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1994/06/21/nyregion/guilty-plea-in-a-killing-in-a-mob-case.html|access-date=12 July 2015|work=[[The New York Times]]|date=June 21, 1994}}</ref> In September 1994, Conte was sentenced to seven-and-a-half years' imprisonment and Graziano was sentenced to ten years'.<ref name="guilty plea" /><ref name="''Francesco Paul Graziano v. United States of America''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/83/587/586537/ ''Francesco Paul Graziano v. United States of America''] [[Justia]] (May 6, 1996)</ref> In January 2008, Gambino family associate [[John Alite]] pleaded guilty to his role in the conspiracy to murder Louis DiBono and three others, and various additional crimes.<ref>[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2008/12/11/mob-suspect-pleads-guilty/ Mob Suspect Pleads Guilty] Kevin Graham, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (December 11, 2008)</ref> After becoming a government witness, Alite implicated former acting boss [[John A. Gotti]] and enforcer [[Charles Carneglia]] in the killing of DiBono and others. Carneglia was convicted of four gangland murders, including DiBono's, on March 17, 2009.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2009/03/18/hit-man-nailed/ Hit Man Nailed] Kati Cornell Smith, ''[[New York Post]]'' (March 18, 2009)</ref> He was given a life sentence on September 17, 2009.<ref>[https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/newyork/press-releases/2009/nyfo091709b.htm Gambino Family Soldier Charles Carneglia Sentenced to Life Imprisonment for Racketeering Conspiracy and Murder] [[fbi.gov]] (September 17, 2009)</ref> On December 1, 2009, the trial of Gotti, Jr. ended in a mistrial and federal prosecutors indicated that they would not seek another trial against him.<ref>{{Citation | last=Neumeister | first=Larry | title='Junior' Gotti's 4th mob mistrial may be his last | publisher=Associated Press | date=December 6, 2009 | url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gwTHQCdnWh6hN0XAIXeBMbtfFragD9CDBIV01 | access-date=December 9, 2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091211021940/http://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5gwTHQCdnWh6hN0XAIXeBMbtfFragD9CDBIV01 | archive-date=December 11, 2009 | url-status=live }}</ref> In January 2010, the government decided not to pursue further charges against Gotti.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/nyregion/14gotti.html|title=Government Ends Case Against Gotti|publisher=nytimes.com|date=January 13, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100114024807/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/nyregion/14gotti.html|archive-date=January 14, 2010}}</ref>

Frank Locascio maintained his innocence in DiBono's murder.<ref>[https://www.huffpost.com/entry/frankie-loc-john-gotti-wh_b_780065?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAGrmuh3xWGq_uTLUsdKiJWhmApBuBIB1BNbdukgXHGiKlxRy-aLAwG_pFdlk-5CBo1hcS6SQYa3TQu1jd5ODqE0TRRii_zY1jiGxJ96qyKzKXsI7496Pj967ceD0zWV9t64G-A1ugdN676KwRiFPX8-94En60DkoQ5ernIXksB_u Frankie Loc: John Gotti Whacked Louis DiBono, Not Me] [[Jerry Capeci]], ''[[HuffPost]]'' (May 25, 2011)</ref> Locascio's former defense lawyer, Anthony Cadinale, revealed after John Gotti's death in 2002 that he had received death threats from Gotti during the 1992 trial. Locascio's request for a new trial was denied in January 2007 after a federal appeals court rejected his claim that Cardinale had erred as a result of the threats.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2007/01/10/mob-appeal-is-whacked/ Mob Appeal Is Whacked] Kati Cornell Smith, ''[[New York Post]]'' (January 10, 2007)</ref> In February 2020, Locascio filed papers in Brooklyn federal court in an attempt to overturn his murder conviction. Included in the papers was a statement from Sammy Gravano, reading "Frank Locascio had no role in the planning of, nor did he participate in any way in the murder or conspiracy to murder Louis DiBono".<ref>[https://nypost.com/2020/02/13/gambino-wiseguy-tries-to-have-murder-conviction-overturned-with-help-from-sammy-the-bull/ Gambino wiseguy tries to have murder conviction overturned with help from ‘Sammy the Bull’] Andrew Denney, ''[[New York Post]]'' (February 13, 2020)</ref>

====Vincent DiModica====
'''Vincent D. "Juicy" DiModica''' (born {{circa}} 1932) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the New Jersey faction. A native of [[Belleville, New Jersey|Belleville]], he married his wife Patricia on October 9, 1955.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47409059/the-belleville-times/ Local mailman best man two times for one family] ''The Belleville Times'' (November 25, 1980)</ref> DiModica was convicted of armed robbery after stealing several thousand dollars from a supermarket in [[West Orange, New Jersey|West Orange]], New Jersey on September 6, 1958. In April 1960, two employees whom DiModica had held at gunpoint identified him as the robber during a lineup at [[New Jersey State Prison]], where he was incarcerated for another crime.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/supreme-court/1963/40-n-j-404-0.html ''State of New Jersey v. Vincent DiModica''] [[Justia]] (May 7, 1963)</ref> On November 12, 1975, DiModica was indicted by an [[Essex County, New Jersey|Essex County]] grand jury along with four others. The indictment charged that he and Raymond Carl Freda conspired with [[Newark Police Department (New Jersey)|Newark Police Department]] (NPD) officers Gerard Valerius and Vincent Squatrito to carry out a fraudulent drug deal with two unsuspecting victims. DiModica and Freda arranged a proposed sale of a quantity of hashish to two other individuals for a price of $23,000. Valerius and Squatrito appeared at the time and place arranged for the sale, confiscated the drugs and the cash on behalf of the NPD and pretended to arrest DiModica and Freda. The indictment alleged that no such quantity of hashish ever existed and that DiModica, Freda, Valerius and Squatrito intended to trick and defraud their victims into believing that the hashish and the purchase money were being seized by the police department. Valerius and Squatrito never filed any report concerning this alleged incident or turned in any of the money which was purportedly confiscated.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/new-jersey/supreme-court/1980/84-n-j-591-0.html ''Gerard Valerius v. City of Newark''] [[Justia]] (September 8, 1980)</ref>

DiModica succeeded [[Robert Bisaccia]] as captain in the Gambino family's New Jersey faction after Bisaccia was imprisoned in 1993.<ref>[http://mafianj.com/sci2004/gambino.shtml ''The Changing Face of Organized Crime in New Jersey – A Status Report''] [[New Jersey State Commission of Investigation]] (2004)</ref> In May 1993, DiModica, his son James and Paul J. Whitney were charged with conspiracy and theft after being arrested following a robbery at a drugstore in [[Eldersburg, Maryland|Eldersburg]], Maryland.<ref>[https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1993-05-02-1993122076-story,amp.html Police arrest 3 men minutes after theft] ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (May 2, 1993)</ref> On February 28, 1998, DiModica, [[Genovese crime family|Genovese family]] captain [[Rosario Gangi]] and Genovese associate [[John Albert (gangster)|John Albert]] were indicted for extorting $200,000 from contractors and conspiring to defraud the [[Port Authority of New York and New Jersey]], which operates [[Newark International Airport]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/02/28/nyregion/metro-news-briefs-new-jersey-3-charged-in-extortion-from-airport-contractors.html METRO NEWS BRIEFS: NEW JERSEY; 3 Charged in Extortion From Airport Contractors] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 28, 1998)</ref> DiModica, Gangi and Albert were convicted on July 27, 1998 of charges ranging from extortion to wire and mail fraud and violation of the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act]] (RICO). DiModica was sentenced to seventeen-and-a-half years in prison on October 1, 1998.<ref>[https://www.oig.dot.gov/library-item/29313 Three Convicted of Racketeering, Extortion in Building Airport Monorail] [[Office of Inspector General for the Department of Transportation]] (October 1, 1998)</ref> He served his sentence at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Otisville|FCI Otisville]] in New York and was released on September 21, 2012.<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/us-v-dimodica ''United States v. Vincent DiModica''] casetext.com (December 4, 2008)</ref><ref name="Inmate locator"/>

====James Eppolito, Sr.====
'''James "Jimmy the Clam" Eppolito''' ({{circa}} 1915 – October 1, 1979) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Bath Beach, Brooklyn|Bath Beach]]–[[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn|Bensonhurst]] faction of [[Nino Gaggi]]'s crew, and a former ''[[caporegime]]''.<ref name=p247>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/247 247]}}</ref> A [[Sicilian Americans|Sicilian American]], he was the brother of Ralph Eppolito, father of [[James Eppolito, Jr.]] and uncle of [[Louis Eppolito]], a corrupt [[New York Police Department]] (NYPD) detective and [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] hitman.<ref name="10 Facts about the Mafia Cops">[https://medium.com/@generalcamacho/10-facts-about-the-mafia-cops-56459ae43f46 10 Facts about the Mafia Cops] Orlando Camacho, [[Medium (website)|Medium]] (September 26, 2018)</ref> Eppolito became a [[made man]] in the 1950s and was appointed to the role of ''capo'' by boss [[Carlo Gambino]] in the 1960s; he was at one point a powerful captain primarily involved in bookmaking. His power declined during the late 1970s, however, when [[Paul Castellano]] became boss following the death of Gambino. In 1979, Eppolito informed Castellano that Nino Gaggi and [[Roy DeMeo]] were involved in narcotics trafficking – a breach of the Gambino family's rules – after DeMeo cheated his son out of several thousand dollars in a cocaine deal. Gaggi and DeMeo denied the accusation to Castellano and claimed that Eppolito, Jr. was in fact a police informant. Castellano then ordered Gaggi to resolve the matter in whichever manner he chose; Gaggi and DeMeo decided to lure the Eppolitos to the [[Gemini Lounge]] in [[Canarsie, Brooklyn|Canarsie]], kill them and dismember their corpses.<ref name=p248>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/248 248]}}</ref> [[Peter Piacenti]], a trusted contemporary of Eppolito, was duped by Gaggi into attending the sitdown as a mediator, and the five men were travelling to the Gemini in Eppolito, Jr.'s [[Ford Thunderbird]] on October 1, 1979 when Eppolito, Sr. likely had an inclination as to his fate and ordered his son to pull the car over, ostensibly so that he could relieve himself. DeMeo and Gaggi shot and killed the Eppolitos when the car pulled over in [[Coney Island]].<ref name=p249>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/249 249]}}</ref> The double murder was witnessed by a passerby, Patrick Penny, who then alerted off-duty police sergeant Paul Roder. After a brief shootout, Roder wounded Gaggi in the neck and arrested him and Piacenti. DeMeo left the scene in a different direction from Gaggi and Piacenti and was not arrested or identified by the witness.<ref name="Father and Son Are Slain in Car In Coney Island">[https://www.nytimes.com/1979/10/03/archives/father-and-son-are-slain-in-car-in-coney-island-links-to-gambino.html Father and Son Are Slain in Car In Coney Island] David Bird, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 3, 1979)</ref> In March 1980, Gaggi and Piacenti were acquitted of murder; Gaggi was instead convicted of assault, and Piacenti of reckless endangerment.<ref name=p283>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/283 283]}}</ref> Gaggi was sentenced to five-to-fifteen years in federal prison but his sentence was overturned on appeal and he was released from prison in 1981, while Piacenti served eight months in prison.<ref name="Peter Piacenti – 'Loyal Rank & Filer'">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2018/06/10/peter-piacenti/ Peter Piacenti – 'Loyal Rank & Filer'] TheNewYorkMafia.com (June 10, 2018)</ref> The witness in the case, Patrick Penny, was shot and killed by Roy DeMeo in [[Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn|Sheepshed Bay]] on May 12, 1980 for testifying against Gaggi and Piacenti.<ref name="Informers Helped Indict Mob Figures in 25 Slayings">[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/nyregion/informers-helped-indict-mob-figures-in-25-slayings.html Informers Helped Indict Mob Figures in 25 Slayings] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 8, 1984)</ref>

====James Eppolito, Jr.====
'''James A. "Jim-Jim" Eppolito''' ({{circa}} 1946 – October 1, 1979) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in Brooklyn. His father [[James Eppolito, Sr.]] and uncle Ralph Eppolito were also [[Made man|made men]] in the Gambino family, and his cousin was corrupt [[New York Police Department]] (NYPD) detective and [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] hitman [[Louis Eppolito]].<ref name="10 Facts about the Mafia Cops"/> Eppolito was involved in a children's charity scam that duped First Lady [[Rosalynn Carter]] and Massachusetts Senator [[Ted Kennedy]], among others. The scam was exposed by the television show ''[[60 Minutes]]'' in 1979, and newspapers printed still photographs from the television footage showing Eppolito and Carter posing together. This angered boss [[Paul Castellano]], who was concerned that the exposure may result in retaliation against the Gambino family by President [[Jimmy Carter]]. That same year, Eppolito was conned out of several thousand dollars by [[Roy DeMeo]] in a cocaine deal. He complained to his father, a former ''caporegime'', but DeMeo and his captain [[Nino Gaggi]] denied the accusation and accused Eppolito, Jr. of being a police informant. Eppolito, Sr. then took the complaint to Paul Castellano, exposing DeMeo and Gaggi's drug dealing – a prohibited activity in the Gambino family – and requesting permission to kill the pair. Castellano accepted Gaggi's version of events, however, and ordered him to resolve the matter in whichever manner he saw fit.<ref name="p248"/> Gaggi and DeMeo decided to lure the Eppolitos to a sitdown at the [[Gemini Lounge]] in [[Canarsie, Brooklyn|Canarsie]], where they planned to kill them and dismember their bodies. Gaggi duped [[Peter Piacenti]], a trusted contemporary of Eppolito, Sr., into attending the meeting as a mediator. The five men were travelling to the Gemini Lounge in Eppolito, Jr.'s [[Ford Thunderbird]] on October 1, 1979 when Eppolito, Sr. ordered his son to pull the car over, ostensibly so that he could relieve himself, after becoming suspicious. DeMeo and Gaggi shot and killed the Eppolitos when the car pulled over in [[Coney Island]].<ref name="p249"/> The murders were witnessed by a passerby, Patrick Penny, who then alerted off-duty police sergeant Paul Roder. After a brief shootout, Roder wounded Gaggi in the neck and arrested him and Piacenti. DeMeo left the scene in a different direction from the other two and was not arrested or identified by the witness.<ref name="Father and Son Are Slain in Car In Coney Island"/> Gaggi and Piacenti were acquitted of murder in March 1980; Gaggi was instead convicted of assault, and Piacenti of reckless endangerment.<ref name="p283"/> Gaggi was sentenced to five-to-fifteen years in federal prison but his sentence was overturned on appeal and he was released from prison in 1981, while Piacenti served eight months in prison.<ref name="Peter Piacenti – 'Loyal Rank & Filer'"/> Patrick Penny, who testified against Gaggi and Piacenti in the case, was shot dead by DeMeo after leaving a bar in [[Sheepshead Bay, Brooklyn|Sheepshed Bay]] on May 12, 1980.<ref name="Informers Helped Indict Mob Figures in 25 Slayings"/>

====James Failla====
{{Main|James Failla}}

====Joseph Farinella====
'''Joseph Nicholas "Pal Joey" Farinella''' (May 4, 1930 – October 21, 2001)<ref name="FBI deadlist"/> was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the New Jersey faction. The son of Christina ([[née]] Casale) and Samuel Farinella, he was born in [[Maplewood, New Jersey|Maplewood]] and served in the [[United States Navy]] during the [[Korean War]].<ref>[https://archive.centraljersey.com/2001/10/25/joseph-farinella/ Joseph Farinella] centraljersey.com (October 25, 2001)</ref> In June 1964, Farinella was indicted on murder charges along with [[Peter Ferrara (gangster)|Peter Ferrara]], [[Angelo Meli (gangster, born 1930)|Angelo Meli]] and [[Nicholas Russo (gangster)|Nicholas Russo]] in relation to the killing of suspected informant [[Alfredo Santantonio]], who was shot dead by two men in a flower store he owned in [[Brooklyn]] on July 11, 1963,<ref name="Ex-Convict Is Slain By 2 In Flower Shop">Ex-Convict Is Slain By 2 In Flower Shop, ''[[The New York Times]]'' p.28 (July 12, 1963)</ref> after a covert listening device planted in Ferrara's office in a [[Coney Island]] service station by the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) the previous year as part of an unrelated investigation unexpectedly provided details of the murder conspiracy.<ref name="The Family Leader Used an Effective Collegial Approach">[https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/24/archives/the-family-leader-used-an-effective-collegial-approach-a-gambino.html The Family Leader Used an Effective Collegial Approach] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411204512/https://www.nytimes.com/1976/10/24/archives/the-family-leader-used-an-effective-collegial-approach-a-gambino.html |date=April 11, 2021 }} Nicholas Gage, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 24, 1976)</ref> Authorities were able to determine that Brooklyn-based ''caporegime'' Ferrara ordered Santantonio killed due to suspicions that he had revealed details about a Gambino family heroin trafficking ring to law enforcement, and that Farinella and Meli were the shooters, while Ferrara and Russo acted as backup shooters.<ref name="Seize Cosa Nostra Figure As Gunman In '63 Slaying">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47006856/daily-news/ Seize Cosa Nostra Figure As Gunman In '63 Slaying] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210411204447/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/47006856/daily-news/ |date=April 11, 2021 }} Edwin Ross, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (May 4, 1965)</ref> Murder charges against the four were dismissed by the district attorney in September 1967 when the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] deemed that evidence in the case was obtained via illegal electronic surveillance.<ref name="Three to Go Free in Killing Because of Ban on Bugging">Three to Go Free in Killing Because of Ban on Bugging, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (September 4, 1967)</ref><ref>[http://mafiahistory.us/rattrap/gambinoinf.html Two Gambino Family informants had very different fates] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201222433/http://mafiahistory.us/rattrap/gambinoinf.html |date=December 1, 2021 }} Edmond Valin, mafiahistory.us</ref>

In 1986, Farinella helped orchestrate a meeting between [[Philadelphia crime family|Philadelphia family]] boss [[Nicodemo Scarfo]] and Gambino boss [[John Gotti]] regarding an incident in which Matty Gambino, a member of the [[Gambino crime family#Cherry Hill Gambinos|Cherry Hill Gambinos]], brandished a firearm and threatened the life of Philadelphia soldier [[Phil Narducci]] during a bar fight that started over a female. Scarfo requested the meeting and designated his nephew and underboss [[Phil Leonetti]] with the task of organizing the summit. Leonetti then contacted Farinella, his liaison in the Gambino family, who arranged for Scarfo and Gotti to meet at the [[Staten Island]] home of the brother-in-law of Gambino underboss [[Sammy Gravano]]. With Philadelphia being represented by Scarfo and Leonetti, and the Gambino delegation consisting of Farinella, Gravano, Gotti and his ''consigliere'' [[Joseph N. Gallo]], the sitdown ended with Gotti apologizing for Gambino's actions and giving Scarfo permission to issue a murder contract on Gambino should he disrespect a member of the Philadelphia family in future.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/ny-philly-mob-bosses-held-sit-down-to-resolve-dispute-between-phil-narducci-and-cherry-hill-gambinos/ NY & Philly Mob Bosses Held Sit Down To Resolve Dispute Between Phil Narducci And Cherry Hill Gambinos] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211202130330/https://gangsterreport.com/ny-philly-mob-bosses-held-sit-down-to-resolve-dispute-between-phil-narducci-and-cherry-hill-gambinos/ |date=December 2, 2021 }} Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (December 26, 2018)</ref>

He and his wife of 49 years, Joan J. Russell Farinella, owned and operated a deli in [[Ewing Township, New Jersey|Ewing Township]] between 1968 and 2002. A 40-year resident of [[Lawrenceville, New Jersey|Lawrenceville]], Farinella died on October 21, 2001 at the age of 71.<ref>[https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/joseph-n-farinella-birth-1930-death-2001/17846116 Joseph N Farinella] [[AncientFaces]] (February 6, 2019)</ref> Joan died aged 73 on April 5, 2008.<ref>[https://obits.nj.com/us/obituaries/trenton/name/joan-farinella-obituary?pid=107227091 Joan Farinella Obituary] (April 8, 2008)</ref>

https://eu.desertsun.com/story/life/entertainment/2014/12/03/haven-for-mobsters-gangster-in-paradise/70112746/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4oxMIUskYbEC&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=joseph+farinella+gambino&source=bl&ots=-IPU1A9v9t&sig=ACfU3U108x6JaA4HeukKavi8yh760_74pw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb8fSEwMP0AhVUSsAKHR9_CiEQ6AF6BAgtEAM#v=onepage&q=joseph%20farinella%20gambino&f=false

https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-stat/graphics/politics/trump-archive/docs/state-commission-of-investigation-mob-report-1992.pdf

http://www.capitalcentury.com/1981.html

====Carmine Fatico====
{{Main|Carmine Fatico}}

====Donato Fatico====
'''Donato "Daniel" Fatico''' (July 10, 1920 – March 24, 2006), nicknamed "Danny Wagons" and "Danny the Head", was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Mulberry Street (Manhattan)|Mulberry Street]] Crew and later the Bergin Crew who operated in the [[East New York, Brooklyn|East New York]]–[[Brownsville, Brooklyn|Brownsville]] and [[Canarsie, Brooklyn|Canarsie]] sections of Brooklyn, and the [[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]] neighborhood in Queens.<ref name="Aniello Dellacroce – “Little Lamb of the Cross”"/> He was born in East New York but relocated to Ozone Park, where he lived with his wife and three children, amidst rapid demographic change in East New York in the 1950s. Fatico became a [[made man]] during the [[Albert Anastasia]] regime, following in the footsteps of his older brother [[Carmine Fatico]], with whom he was a partner in many rackets.<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/03/09/carmine-fatico/ Carmine Fatico – "The Czar of East New York"] TheNewYorkMafia.com (March 9, 2019)</ref> After initially serving under [[Aniello Dellacroce]] in the Mulberry Street Crew, he later became a member of the Bergin Crew, operating out of the [[Bergin Hunt and Fish Club]] in Ozone Park, where he was acting captain to his brother Carmine.<ref name="John Gotti's true early mentor... Daniel (Danny Wagons) Fatico"/>

Fatico's arrest record began in 1941 and included charges of felonious assault, burglary, bookmaking, policy, the illegal manufacture of alcohol, vagrancy, running a disorderly house, and hijacking. He was convicted more than twenty times throughout his life. In 1946, Fatico and an accomplice were charged with stabbing a man, John Minutella, and striking him in the head with a baseball bat after an argument at a card game. Later that year, he was charged with another felonious assault for attempting to hit another man, Michael Mintelli, with his car. In the mid-1950s, Fatico and several others were charged with federal alcohol tax violations, manufacture, sale, and conspiracy after [[United States Department of the Treasury|U.S. Department of the Treasury]] agents raided a thousand-gallon alcohol still racket at an abandoned warehouse in [[Long Island City]], Queens. In 1965, he was charged along with [[Ettore DeCurtis]] and John Vignini with multiple misdemeanor counts of keeping a disorderly house, conspiracy to violate federal liquor laws and disorderly conduct following a raid on a bar that catered to homosexuals in [[Island Park, New York|Island Park]], [[Long Island]] by the [[Nassau County Police Department]].<ref name="Feds Tracked Mob Control of Gay Bars into the 1980s"/> Fatico, DeCurtis, and Vignini were arrested again in 1967, this time on perjury charges related to an arson investigation after two rival gay bars located in nearby [[Oceanside, New York|Oceanside]] were attacked with Molotov cocktails. All three defendants were convicted on all charges, and Fatico was sentenced to six months' imprisonment.<ref name="John Gotti's true early mentor... Daniel (Danny Wagons) Fatico"/> On January 23, 1974, detectives from the [[Brooklyn District Attorney]]'s office raided a high stakes craps game at a social club in [[Mill Basin, Brooklyn|Mill Basin]], Brooklyn, arresting thirty people, including Fatico and four other Mafia members. All were charged with promoting gambling in the second degree and possession of gambling equipment.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/01/24/archives/5-reputed-mafia-figures-seized-in-raid-on-brooklyn-dice-game.html 5 Reputed Mafia Figures Seized In Raid on Brooklyn Dice Game] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 24, 1974)</ref>

Fatico was among eighteen members of a hijacking ring indicted by a federal grand jury in Brooklyn on February 5, 1976, charged with carrying out five truck hijackings at [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] between 1971 and 1972 that resulted in the theft of over $400,000. Other members of the gang included Carmine Fatico, [[Charles Carneglia|Charles]] and [[John Carneglia]], and [[Thomas DeSimone]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1976/02/06/archives/18-gang-members-indicted-in-5-city-truck-hijackings.html 18 Gang Members Indicted In 5 City Truck Hijackings] Max H. Seigel, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 6, 1976)</ref> After a mistrial was declared due to a jury deadlock, Donato and Carmine Fatico pleaded guilty to one count of conspiracy to possess a quantity of furs stolen from a foreign shipment. Prior to sentencing, the government informed the judge in the case that both men were made members of the Gambino family and important figures in the upper echelon of organized crime activity, potentially compelling the judge to hand down increased sentences. The Fatico brothers objected, resulting in the creation of a proceeding known as a Fatico hearing when the government offered to support its allegations at a sentencing hearing by the testimony of the former head of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI)'s Organized Crime section in the New York office, based upon information furnished to him by confidential informants.<ref>[https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/579/579.F2d.707.78-1003.758.html ''United States of America v. Carmine Fatico and Daniel Fatico''] law.resource.org (March 29, 1978)</ref> These informants were later revealed to be Manuel Llauget and [[Colombo crime family|Colombo family]] associate [[Salvatore Montello]], both of whom went into the [[United States Federal Witness Protection Program|witness protection program]]. The judge in the case concluded that the Faticos were indeed members of the Mafia.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/11/business/final-chapter-in-milken-inquiry.html Final Chapter in Milken Inquiry] Kurt Eichenwald, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 11, 1990)</ref> On January 6, 1978, Fatico was arrested following another gambling raid when detectives stormed a small apartment in [[Kips Bay, Manhattan|Kips Bay]], Manhattan where a craps game was being held. Fatico and five others were charged with promoting gambling and possession of gambling paraphernalia.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1978/01/07/archives/metropolitan-briefs-koch-orders-brevity-for-telephone-calls-li.html Metropolitan Briefs] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 7, 1978)</ref> On July 27, 1978, the [[United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York|U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of New York]] sentenced Fatico to a four-year term on the conspiracy count, to be served consecutively with a three-year term imposed a month earlier for his conviction for operating the dice game.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/569/448/1518809/ ''Daniel Fatico v. Larry Kerr''] [[justia.com]] (November 23, 1983)</ref>

Fatico went into semi-retirement following his release from prison and died on March 24, 2006 at the age of eighty-six.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/><ref name="John Gotti's true early mentor... Daniel (Danny Wagons) Fatico"/>

====Peter Ferrara====
'''Peter "Petey Pumps" Ferrara''' ({{circa}} 1908 – 1969) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in Brooklyn.<ref name="The Mafia: Serving Your Community Since 1890"/> He was involved primarily in gambling.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=yxJMaa3f3cEC&pg=RA2-PA305&lpg=RA2-PA305&dq=Peter+%22Petey+Pumps%22+Ferrara&source=bl&ots=mBC91ZKwOB&sig=ACfU3U3Z5MO-oc29yuc4mLyQ0hXa1PLtfA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS643l4N3vAhUNhlwKHXZsCaY4ChDoATACegQICBAD#v=onepage&q=Peter%20%22Petey%20Pumps%22%20Ferrara&f=false ''Organized Crime and Illicit Traffic in Narcotics''] [[United States Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs]] (September 25, 1963)</ref> Ferrara was indicted in June 1964, along with [[Angelo Meli (gangster, born 1930)|Angelo Meli]], [[Nicholas Russo (gangster)|Nicholas Russo]] and [[Joseph Farinella]], in connection to the murder of suspected informant [[Alfredo Santantonio]], who was shot dead by two men in his flower store in Brooklyn on July 11, 1963.<ref name="Ex-Convict Is Slain By 2 In Flower Shop"/> A listening device planted in Ferrara's [[Coney Island]] office by the [[New York Police Department]] (NYPD) the previous year as part of an unrelated investigation unexpectedly provided details of the murder conspiracy against Santantonio.<ref name="The Family Leader Used an Effective Collegial Approach"/> Authorities determined that Ferrara had ordered the killing after suspecting that Santantonio had revealed to law enforcement details about the Gambino family's heroin trafficking network, and that Meli and Farinella were the shooters, while Ferrara and Russo acted as backup shooters and waited outside the flower shop. Ferrara was apprehended by detectives on May 3, 1965 as he left [[Doctors' Hospital (Staten Island)|Doctors' Hospital]] on Staten Island, where he was a heart patient under an alias.<ref name="Seize Cosa Nostra Figure As Gunman In '63 Slaying"/> Murder charges against Ferrara and his three co-defendants were dismissed by the district attorney in September 1967 after the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] deemed that evidence in the case was obtained from illegal electronic surveillance.<ref name="Three to Go Free in Killing Because of Ban on Bugging"/> Ferrara, who stood {{height|ft=5|in=3}} tall, had a daughter who became a nun.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VqpGSzz8FJUC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=Peter+%22Petey+Pumps%22+Ferrara&source=bl&ots=jgZ_4-2SON&sig=ACfU3U1By9Ur1vNTEKEySFWlcT6YISa8fQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiS643l4N3vAhUNhlwKHXZsCaY4ChDoATADegQIBxAD#v=onepage&q=Peter%20%22Petey%20Pumps%22%20Ferrara&f=false ''Investigation of the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Volume 9''] [[United States House Select Committee on Assassinations]] (March 1979)</ref>

====Steve Ferrigno====
{{Main|Steve Ferrigno}}

====Anthony Gaggi====
{{Main|Anthony Gaggi}}

====Michael Galgano====
'''Michael "Blackie" Galgano'''

====Joseph N. Gallo====
{{Main|Joseph N. Gallo}}

====Carlo Gambino====
{{Main|Carlo Gambino}}

====John Gambino====
{{Main|John Gambino}}

====Joseph Gambino====
'''Joseph Gambino''' (February 2020)

====Paolo Gambino====
'''Paolo Gambino'''

====John Gammarano====
'''John "Johnny G" Gammarano'''

====Joseph Gigliotti====
'''Joseph Gigliotti''' (1903 – 2001) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Baltimore Crew]].

https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32576634.pdf

====John Giordano====
'''John Giordano'''

====Joseph Giordano====
'''Joseph Giordano'''

====John Gotti====
{{Main|John Gotti}}

====John A. Gotti====
{{Main|John A. Gotti}}

====Peter Gotti====
{{Main|Peter Gotti}}

====Stephen Grammauta====
{{Main|Stephen Grammauta}}

====Paul Graziano====
'''Francisco Paul Graziano''' (January 20, 1938 – March 5, 2020) was a [[Soldato|soldier]]

<ref>[https://www.tributearchive.com/obituaries/12327187/Paul-Graziano Paul Graziano obituary] tributearchive.com</ref>

<ref name="''Francesco Paul Graziano v. United States of America''"/>

====Anthony Guerrieri====
'''Anthony "Tony Lee" Guerrieri'''

====Michael Guerrieri====
'''Michael "Mikey Gal" Guerrieri''' (1926 – 2014)

====Anthony Gurino====
'''Anthony Gurino'''

====David Iacovetti====
'''David Iacovetti''', nicknamed "Fat Dave" and "Davy Crockett", 

====Joseph Indelicato====
'''Joseph Anthony "Joe Scootch" Indelicato'''

<ref name="Joseph Indelicato – “The Florida Skutch”"/>

====Joseph Laforte, Sr.====
'''Joseph Laforte, Sr.'''

====Joseph Laforte, Jr.====
'''Joseph Laforte, Jr.'''

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/39626435/daily-news/

====Edward Lino====
'''Edward C. "Eddie" Lino'''

<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island"/>

https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/search/label/Edward%20Lino

====Frank LoCascio====
{{Main|Frank LoCascio}}

====Philip Loscalzo====
'''Philip "Skinny Phil" Loscalzo'''

====Carmine Lombardozzi====
{{Main|Carmine Lombardozzi}}

====Joseph LoPiccolo====
{{Main|Joseph LoPiccolo (organized crime)}}

====Benjamin Magliano====
'''Benjamin Magliano''' (July 8, 1913 – July 25, 1971), also known as '''Benny Trotta''', was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Baltimore Crew]].

https://theindependentresearchclub.home.blog/2019/05/12/benny-trotta-one-of-baltimores-top-hoodlums/

====Gennaro Mancuso====
'''Gennaro "Jerry" Mancuso'''

====Gerlando Mancuso====
'''Gerlando C. Mancuso'''

====Michael Mandaglio====
'''Michael "Skinny Mike" Mandaglio'''

====Joseph Manfredi====
'''Joseph "Jojo" Manfredi

====Philip Mangano====
{{Main|Philip Mangano}}

====Vincent Mangano====
{{Main|Vincent Mangano}}

====Salvatore Mangialino====
'''Salvatore "Sal" Mangialino''' (February 13, 1937 – May 2, 2019) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] Crew under [[Joseph Corrao]].

died on May 2, 2019 and was laid to rest at [[St. Michael's Cemetery (New York)|St. Michael's Cemetery]] in [[East Elmhurst, Queens|East Elmhurst]], Queens.<ref>[https://farengafuneralhome.com/obituary/salvatore-mangialino/ Salvatore Mangialino obituary] farengafuneralhome.com</ref>

====Rocco Mazzie====
'''Rocco "Rogie" Mazzie''' (1916 – 1986)
Born in Pennsylvania in 1916. Nickname Rogie. He was an enforcer and involved with narcotics, a big dealer throughout the United States. Lived in the Bronx. Made in the 1950s. Was in Vincent Squillante crew. Haunts were East Harlem, strong connections with other families drug suppliers and dealers. Became capo over part of the Squillante crew after Vincent was killed. Force to retire by Big Paul and Nino Gaggi in 1976/77. Reinstated by John Gotti ( at least allowed to come to the social clubs) passed away in 1986.

====Anthony Megale====
{{Main|Anthony Megale}}

====Angelo Meli====
'''Angelo Meli'''

====Frank Miceli====
'''Frank Miceli'''

====Liborio Milito====
'''Liborio "Louie" Milito'''

====Manfredi Mineo====
{{Main|Manfredi Mineo}}

====Luigi Morici====
'''Luigi Morici''' (1896 – 1971) was a ''[[caporegime]]'' of the [[Baltimore Crew]].

====Alfonso Mosca====
'''Alfonso "Funzi" Mosca'''

====Ralph Mosca====
'''Ralph "Ralphie Bones" Mosca'''

====Charles Muccigrosso====
'''Charles "Buddy Musk" Muccigrosso''' (1940 – February 28, 2010)

====John Palmieri====
'''John "Johnny Slew" Palmieri'''

<ref name="Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time"/>

<ref name="Deaths in organized crime"/>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36735642/daily-news/

<ref name="Organized Crime in America">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf Organized Crime in America] p. 211 [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921165901/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf |date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>

====Gioacchino Parisi====
'''Gioacchino "Jack" Parisi''', nicknamed "the Dandy", 

====Joseph Paruta====
{{Main|Joseph Paruta}}

====Frank Pasqua====
'''Frank "Big Frank" Pasqua'''

====Joseph Paterno====
'''Joe Paterno'''

====Frank Perrone====
'''Frank Perrone'''

====Peter Piacenti====
'''Peter "Petey 17" Piacenti''', also known as '''Petey Gallo''' and '''Pete Nimo''', 

====Frank Piccolo====
{{Main|Frank Piccolo}}

====Salvatore Pisello====
'''Salvatore "Sal the Swindler" Pisello''' (June 2, 1923 – 2001) was a [[Soldato|soldier]]

https://www.ancestry.com/discoveryui-content/view/19384782:70050?_phsrc=eUz2&_phstart=successSource&gsfn=Salvatore&gsln=Pisello&ml_rpos=1&queryId=455df1272ef8f3bfd9f97601a2951b4c

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1xJqPHe8ez4C&pg=PA786&lpg=PA786&dq=salvatore+pisello+gambino&source=bl&ots=i3SfM1I9J9&sig=ACfU3U2E8Ru7v953nhNIYs14RiySkPaH-Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqyJPdhq_1AhWhmFwKHZqGBxcQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=salvatore%20pisello%20gambino&f=false

====Anthony Plata====
'''Anthony "The Pitbull" Plata''', also known as '''"Tony Plate"''',

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#query=Anthony+plate

====Thomas Principe====
{{Main|Thomas Principe}}

====Anthony Proto====
'''Anthony "Tony Pro" Proto'''

====Armand Rava====
'''Armand "Tommy" Rava'''

====George Remini====
{{Main|George Remini}}

====Joseph Riccobono====
'''Joseph Riccobono'''

====Natale Richichi====
'''Natale "Big Chris" Richichi'''

====Anthony Rizzo====
'''Anthony Rizzo'''
https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/2018/docid-32576618.pdf

====John Rizzo====
'''John Rizzo'''

====John Robilotto====
'''John "Johnny" Robilotto''', also known as '''Johnny Roberts''', 

====Pasquale Ruffino====
'''Pasquale Ruffino'''

====Anthony Ruggiano, Sr.====
'''Anthony "Fat Andy" Ruggiano, Sr.''' (August 16, 1926 – March 19, 1999)

====Angelo Ruggiero====
{{Main|Angelo Ruggiero}}

====Gaetano Russo====
'''Gaetano "Guy" Russo''', also known as '''Tommy Russo''',

====Nicholas Russo====
'''Nicholas Joseph "Nicky" Russo''' was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in the New Jersey faction.

====Cosmo Sandalo====
'''Cosmo Sandalo'''

====Michael Sedotto====
'''Michael "Mike the Geep" Sedotto'''

====Salvatore Scala====
{{Main|Salvatore Scala}}

====Frank Scalice====
{{Main|Frank Scalice}}

====Michael Scandifia====
'''Michael Scandifia'''

====Augustus Sclafani====
{{Main|Augustus Sclafani}}

====Anthony Scotto====
{{Main|Anthony Scotto}}

====Joseph Silesi====
'''Joseph "Joe Rivers" Silesi'''

====James Squillante====
{{Main|James Squillante}}

====Joseph Stassi====
'''Joseph "Hoboken Joe" Stassi'''

<ref name="Mafia is smearing Mexican brown from Harlem to Long Island"/>

====Anthony Tassone====
'''Anthony Tassone''' was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the New Jersey faction.

====Arthur Tortorello====
'''Arthur "Artie Todd" Tortorello'''

====Mario Traina====
'''Mario Traina'''

====Anthony Trentacosta====
{{Main|Anthony Trentacosta}}

====Umberto Valenti====
{{Main|Umberto Valenti}}

====Antonio Vanella====
'''Antonio Vanella''', also known as '''Anthony Santini''', '''Anthony Vanilla''', '''Anthony Milo''', '''"Big Tony"''' and '''"The Chief"''', 

====Bartolomeo Vernace====
'''Bartolomeo Vernace'''

====Anthony Vitta====
'''Anthony Vitta'''

====Vincent Yacono====
'''Vincent J. Yacono, Sr.''' (September 8, 1926 – July 29, 1992)

====Anthony Zappi====
'''Anthony M. Zappi'''

====Ettore Zappi====
{{Main|Ettore Zappi}}

<ref name="The Family Leader Used an Effective Collegial Approach"/>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15829262/fort-lauderdale-news/


<ref name="Florida Representatives">[https://www.oocities.org/organizedcrimesyndicates/GambinoFlorida.html Gambino Family Florida Representatives] oocities.org {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/nTLlZ |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Florida Representatives"/>

====Joseph Zingaro====
'''Joseph Zingaro''' was a ''[[caporegime]]'' in [[Westchester County, New York|Westchester County]]. A resident of [[Rye, New York|Rye]], New York, he was involved in the construction business.<ref name="The Family Leader Used an Effective Collegial Approach"/>

===Past associates===
====Frank Abbandando Jr.====
{{Main|Frank Abbandando Jr.}}

====Frank Amato====
{{Main|Frank Amato}}

====Vincent Amodea====
'''Vincent "Jimmy" Amodea'''

====Mario Anello====
'''Mario Orazio Anello''' (1905 – 1972) was an associate of the [[Baltimore Crew]].

====Richard Basciano====
{{Main|Richard Basciano}}

====Sebastian Biondo====
'''Sebastian "Benny" Biondo'''

====Henry Borelli====
[[File:Henryborelli1.JPG|thumb|1981 [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] mugshot.]]
'''Henry Joseph Borelli''' (born June 15, 1948), nicknamed "Dirty Henry" in reference to the film ''[[Dirty Harry]]'', is a former associate of [[Roy DeMeo]]'s [[Gemini Lounge]] Crew in [[Canarsie, Brooklyn|Canarsie]], Brooklyn. He is ineligible to become a [[made man]] because he took, and passed, the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) entrance exam in the early 1970s. When New York City froze the hiring list during a budget crisis, however, he was arrested twice for petty burglary, ruining his candidacy for the police department.

Khaled Fahd Darwish Daoud

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30840371/dominick-montiglio-pg3/ 'Murder Machine'] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (September 20, 1992)</ref>

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/03/06/Reputed-mobsters-convicted-of-murder-and-auto-theft/6115510469200/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/10/31/An-auto-thief-testified-Thursday-he-and-two-alleged/7358499582800/

https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-borelli-6

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=o3tF2oIgLocC&pg=PA256&lpg=PA256&dq=Khaled+Fahd+Darwish+Daoud&source=bl&ots=Hw89I-cdeT&sig=ACfU3U293FvSDomd1gveSVwK4oLvnmM3JQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjeu7DmybHyAhUEQkEAHTsUD4AQ6AF6BAgIEAM#v=onepage&q=Khaled%20Fahd%20Darwish%20Daoud&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-e3OZ_CMnt4C&pg=PA138&lpg=PA138&dq=was+roy+demeo+a+cokehead&source=bl&ots=UXbPs1fUAd&sig=ACfU3U2CX38I1Jwv_aOkjhA7sS2TAfMoeQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwijl6Pdp6eFAxWbQUEAHQawAec4FBDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=was%20roy%20demeo%20a%20cokehead&f=false

====Vito Borelli====
'''Vito Borelli''' (died 1975) was an associate of the Gambino and [[Bonanno crime family|Bonanno]] families. Prior to his association with the Gambino family, he had been affiliated with Bonanno family member [[Philip Rastelli]] and had briefly dated one of Rastelli's nieces. Borelli was later in a relationship with Constance "Connie" Castellano, the daughter of Gambino family acting boss [[Paul Castellano]]. In mid-1975, Paul Castellano ordered the murder of Borelli after hearing that Borelli had made disparaging remarks about him; Borelli had compared Castellano to [[Frank Perdue]], the owner and commercial spokesman for [[Perdue Farms]].<ref>[https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/six-most-famous-mob-murders-all-time-180971714/ Six of the Most Famous Mob Murders of All Time] Jane Recker, ''[[Smithsonian (magazine)|Smithsonian]]'' (March 18, 2019)</ref> After struggling to locate or create an opportunity to kill Borelli, the Gambino family contacted the Bonanno family via [[Salvatore Catalano]] for assistance in the murder. Borelli was lured to the warehouse of a cookie shop owned by Bonanno soldier [[Anthony Rabito]] in [[Midtown Manhattan]], where he was shot dead by [[John Gotti]] and [[Joseph Watts]]. Earlier that day, a stolen panel truck, obtained by Bonanno associate [[Duane Leisenheimer]], was provided to [[Salvatore Vitale]] and [[John Carneglia]] and parked outside Rabito's business for use in transporting Borelli's body. After the truck failed to start, Vitale offered his own car for use. The body was placed in the trunk and Vitale, accompanied by [[Frank DeCicco]], delivered it to a location in or near [[South Ozone Park, Queens|South Ozone Park]], Queens, where a second group that included [[Roy DeMeo]] had assembled.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rJkauwXIee0C&pg=PA62&lpg=PA62&dq=vito+borelli&source=bl&ots=HzMHIhOaNY&sig=ACfU3U28Dc4RvcYBDgRCiMqjbs5LE4Hu0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidyYzLmNvvAhUShv0HHfGMD_A4ChDoATACegQIDhAD#v=onepage&q=vito%20borelli&f=false ''King of the Godfathers''] Anthony M. DeStefano (2006)</ref> Borelli's corpse was presumably subsequently dismembered and disposed of in Brooklyn's [[Fountain Avenue]] landfill, a site commonly used by DeMeo.<ref name="nyt">{{cite news|date=March 12, 2006|title=Student Is the Latest Victim to End Up in Swampland|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/12/nyregion/thecity/12murd.html?_r=1&n=Top/Reference/Times%20Topics/People/K/Kurutz,%20Steven&oref=login|first=Steven|last=Kurutz|work=New York Times|access-date=2007-10-15|archive-date=March 19, 2021|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210319212537/https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/12/nyregion/thecity/student-is-the-latest-victim-to-end-up-in-swampland.html|url-status=live}}</ref> His remains have never been recovered. Additional participants in Borelli's murder included Gambino family member [[Angelo Ruggiero]], and [[Joseph Massino]], [[Dominick Napolitano]], [[James Episcopia]] and [[John Cerasani]] of the Bonnano family.<ref>[https://cryptome.org/0002/salvatore-vitale.pdf ''United States of America v. Salvatore Vitale''] (October 26, 2010)</ref> Vitale and Massino later provided testimony regarding Borelli's murder in 2003 and 2004, respectively, after becoming government witnesses.<ref>{{cite news|last=Marzulli|first=John|title=Bonanno Boss Linked To Old Gangland Slays|url=http://articles.nydailynews.com/2004-05-12/news/18259314_1_murders-bonanno-crime-family|access-date=January 11, 2012|newspaper=Daily News|location=New York|date=May 12, 2004|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120514074712/http://articles.nydailynews.com/2004-05-12/news/18259314_1_murders-bonanno-crime-family|archive-date=May 14, 2012|url-status=live}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title= Nomerta! Mafia boss a squealer|author= Mitchel Maddux|author2= Jeremy Olshan|url= https://nypost.com/2011/04/13/nomerta-mafia-boss-a-squealer/|newspaper= New York Post|date= April 13, 2011|access-date= October 30, 2011|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20140103221120/http://nypost.com/2011/04/13/nomerta-mafia-boss-a-squealer/|archive-date= January 3, 2014|url-status= live}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Kerr|first1=Gordon|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6m1KAgAAQBAJ&q=vito+borelli+demeo+paul+castellano+1975&pg=PT230|title=Rats and Squealers|date=2011|isbn=978-1907795640|page=230|access-date=24 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210128133158/https://books.google.com/books?id=6m1KAgAAQBAJ&q=vito+borelli+demeo+paul+castellano+1975&pg=PT230|archive-date=28 January 2021|url-status=live}}</ref>

====Greg Bucceroni====
'''Gregory "Greg" Bucceroni''' (born {{circa}} 1964) is a former associate of the Gambino, [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese]] and [[Philadelphia crime family|Philadelphia]] crime families-turned-police officer and crime victim advocate.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/philly/hp/news_update/20120928_Bucceroni_is_drawn_to_cops_-_and_the_media.html Bucceroni is drawn to cops - and the media] William Bender, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (September 28, 2012)</ref> The son of a [[Philadelphia]] police officer and nephew of heavyweight boxer Dan "Butcher Boy" Bucceroni, a debt collector for the Philadelphia Mafia, Greg Bucceroni began running errands for [[Harry Riccobene]]'s loan sharking and bookmaking operations in [[South Philadelphia]] by 1975. He was a child street [[Male hustler|hustler]] and alleges that he was abused by a tri-state pedophile ring, involving [[Ed Savitz]] and [[Jerry Sandusky]]'s [[The Second Mile|Second Mile]] foundation, between 1977 and 1980.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/philly/hp/news_update/20120928_Believe_this_guy_.html Philly man's claims of child-sex-abuse cover-up go national] William Bender, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (September 28, 2012)</ref> Bucceroni claims that future mob hitman [[John Veasey]] was a fellow street hustler and abuse victim. He also claims that Riccobene introduced him to Lucchese associate [[Jimmy Burke]] in 1978, and that Burke was responsible for the January 1979 unsolved murder of [[Thomas DeSimone]]. According to Bucceroni, DeSimone's body was disposed of in a crushed car at a scrap metal yard in [[Kensington, Philadelphia|Kensington]], Philadelphia by Richie Bildstein, an associate of [[Richard Kuklinski]], at Burke's request. In an article written for ''[[The Public Record (newspaper)|The Public Record]]'', Bucceroni recalled that Burke asked him to lure [[Henry Hill]] into an ambush at a [[Brooklyn Heights]] grocery store when he suspected Hill of being an informant in 1980.<ref name="How I Saved A Movie: Goodfellas’ Henry Hill’s Philly Connection">[http://www.phillyrecord.com/2012/06/how-i-saved-a-movie-goodfellas-henry-hills-philly-connection/ How I Saved A Movie: Goodfellas’ Henry Hill’s Philly Connection] Gregory Bucceroni, ''[[The Public Record (newspaper)|The Public Record]]'' (June 21, 2012)</ref> Bucceroni's association with the Gambino family began in 1979 when he was introduced to [[Chucky Smith]], a Gambino associate who operated pornography establishments in Philadelphia, New Jersey and New York City.<ref name="The Real Goodfellas: The Mysterious Fate of Tommy DeSimone">[https://www.denofgeek.com/culture/the-real-goodfellas-the-mysterious-fate-of-tommy-desimone/ The Real Goodfellas: The Mysterious Fate of Tommy DeSimone] Tony Sokol, [[Den of Geek]] (April 7, 2015)</ref> Between 1980 and 1982, Bucceroni was involved with [[Robert DiBernardo]]'s pornography rackets in New York City, Philadelphia and [[Atlantic City, New Jersey|Atlantic City]].<ref>[http://hollyaustinsmith.com/interview-with-greg-bucceroni-csec-survivor-victim-advocate/ Interview with Greg Bucceroni: CSEC Survivor & Victim Advocate] Holly Austin Smith (May 8, 2013)</ref> His association with organized crime ended in 1982 when he joined the military aged eighteen.<ref>[https://www.crossingbroad.com/2012/09/greg-bucceroni-is-on-dr-phil-and-the-cover-of-the-daily-news-today.html Greg Bucceroni is on Dr. Phil and the Cover of the Daily News Today] Kyle Scott, crossingbroad.com (September 28, 2012)</ref>

====Francis James Burke====
https://archive.ph/VBz98

https://web.archive.org/web/20171110231128/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/05/19/nyregion/son-of-a-mob-figure-is-found-shot-to-death.html

====Peter Calabro====
'''Peter Calabro'''

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/484953618/

http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_323.html

https://www.nj.com/news/2018/07/nj_notorious_mob_slayings.html

====Charles Calise====
'''Charles "Charlie Bear" Calise

====Frank Carrone====
{{Main|Frank Carrone}}
'''Francesco Carrone''' (1938 - 1975), also known as "Buzzy" or "Buzz", was an American [[Gambino crime family]] associate. He was a close friend of [[Thomas Agro]] and [[Peter Calabrese]].

Born in the [[Little Italy, Manhattan|Little Italy]] section of Manhattan, Carrone was nicknamed "Buzz" because of his violent temper. He joined the Gambino family as an associate, working under ''[[caporegime]]'' Thomas Agro, and later [[Carmine Fatico]], in the [[Bergin Hunt and Fish Club]] crew.  He was involved in [[bank robbery]] and [[Carjacking|hijacking]] as a "stick up man". Carrone also trafficked small shipments of [[cocaine]], [[marijuana]] and [[Quaalude]]s in [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]].
 
His right eye was gouged or shot out, severing [[nerve ending]]s and paralyzing facial muscles and giving the impression that half of his face was smiling. It is unclear how or who was responsible for Carrone losing his eye. As a result of the injury, he suffered from [[depth perception]] issues in the years following his accident. Fellow crew member [[Joseph Ianuzzi]] described Carrone before his disfigurement as "a tall and handsome Italian". 

Carrone suffered from [[narcissistic personality disorder]], [[borderline personality disorder]] and [[antisocial personality disorder]]. After his disfigurement, Carrone's condition was made worse by a severe case of [[posttraumatic stress disorder]].

Carrone was exiled from his crew and the Gambino family for robbing banks without Fatico's permission.  Carrone now started robbing banks on his own. In May 1972 [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) Special Agents Patrick Colgan and Thomas D'Onofrio were looking for Carrone about a string of bank robberies in New York. A number of bank tellers implicated Carrone, describing him as  "bizarre looking man with one eye and a gun". One day the two agents spotted Carrone exiting an apartment building in Little Italy. Carrone saw the agents and drove off. The FBI chased him at speeds up to {{convert|90|mph}}. As the agents approached children crossing at a [[cross walk]], they attempted to slow down, but their brakes failed. Carrone sped away, but immediately plowed into a woman's car. When the agents got out of their car, a bystander told them that Carrone was hiding under the steering wheel in his vehicle. Almost immediately, Carrone popped out and starting firing at the agents. In the confusion, Carrone managed to escape.

After the FBI shootout, FBI supervisor John Good approached Fatico and told him to give up Carrone. Fatico could not comply because Carrone had fled to Boston. This caused a period of major FBI harassment brought on by Carrone shooting at the FBI agents. Furious at the trouble that Carrone had caused the Gambino family, Fatico put a contract on Carrone. Fatico allegedly offered to induct anyone who murdered Carrone into the Gambino family. However, Carrone remained a fugitive. He was also featured as a fugitive on the television program [[America's Most Wanted]], but no one turned him in.

In 1974, low on money, Carrone robbed a bank in [[East Boston, Massachusetts]] in the [[Financial District, Boston, Massachusetts]]. However, a [[Burglar alarm|silent alarm]] went off and [[Massachusetts]] state police troopers were soon chasing him. The troopers chased Carrone into some nearby woods.  One trooper, tiptoeing through some heavy underbrush, suddenly heard three loud clicks behind him. He turned with his gun drawn and saw Carrone standing there, his gun pointed at the trooper's head; Carrone was out of ammunition, however. As the trooper leveled his own gun at Carrone, Carrone pleaded with the trooper, "Do it". The trooper spared Carrone's life and arrested him.

Carrone was sent to prison at [[Massachusetts Correctional Institution - Cedar Junction]] in [[Walpole, Massachusetts]]. Carrone feared that he would be murdered by his former associates in the Gambino family, and so suffered from [[insomnia]] brought on by anxiety and [[chronic fatigue syndrome]].

In 1975, Carrone died in prison of an undiagnosed [[supraventricular tachycardia]] brought on by [[hypertension]], [[starvation]], and [[malnourishment]].

====Joseph Chierico====
'''Joseph "Chicky" Chierico'''

====Louis Comi====
'''Louis Harry Comi''' (1906 – 1979) was an associate of the [[Baltimore Crew]].

====Joseph Conigliaro====
'''Joseph "Joe Pits" Conigliaro'''

====James Coonan====
{{Main|James Coonan}}

====Joseph Corbi====
'''Joseph Nunzio "Joe" Corbi''' (March 25, 1910 – March 27, 2001) was an associate of the [[Baltimore Crew]].

died two days after his ninety-first birthday on March 27, 2001.<ref name="FBI deadlist"/>

http://www.gangsterbb.net/threads/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=656239

====Michael DeBatt====
{{Main|Michael DeBatt}}

====Richard DiNome====
[[File:Richard DiNome.jpg|thumb|Richard DiNome in 1982]]
'''Richard "Richie" DiNome''' (September 10, 1954 [[Pigtown, Brooklyn]] - February 4, 1984 [[Gravesend, Brooklyn]]) was an alleged member of the [[DeMeo crew]] under the [[Gambino crime family]]. He was the younger brother of Gambino associate and government [[informant]] [[Frederick DiNome]].

Richard DiNome was born to [[Italian-American]] emigrants in Pigtown, Brooklyn. He was involved in stealing cars and worked at a [[chop shop]] in [[Staten Island]], stripping cars for automobile parts. He lived at 2305 E 5th Street in [[Gravesend, Brooklyn]].
On an average day DiNome stole 6-7 cars from the rich neighborhoods in Brooklyn. He was known among criminal associates as an expert [[auto mechanic]]. He professed pure happiness when he was asked to work with his brother Frederick in his stolen car ring. 

Fellow car thieves [[Anthony Senter]] and Joseph Testa used his family's station wagon equipped with his child's baby stroller, car seat and toys to hinder police suspicion of any wrongdoing when stopped by curious police officers out on the street. Anthony, Joseph, DiNome, and [[Vito Arena]] centered on the Jewish-populated neighborhood of [[Borough Park, Brooklyn|Borough Park]] because the cars in the vicinity of that neighborhood were least likely to have non-leather upholstered seats due to religious practices. He would drive them to [[Flatlands, Brooklyn]] and leave them on streets near his brother Freddy's automotive shop, signalling which vehicles were stolen by leaving the passenger-side sun visor down. 

In the late 1970s and early 1980s, DiNome started adopting a wardrobe that consisted of [[New York City Police Department]]-style shirts, gold chains around his neck and a dungaree jacket. While attaching a [[Suppressor|silencer]] to a loaded [[Semi-automatic pistol|automatic handgun]] in preparation for the murder of business associate Khaled Fahd Darwish Daoud, he accidentally shot himself in the hand. 

He followed his brother into organized crime and become a key member of the DeMeo crew headed by Mafia capo [[Roy DeMeo]]; a dangerous group linked to hundreds of murders. In ''Murder Machine'', authors Jerry Capeci and Gene Mustain described him as a "stumblebum". He did not suffer from [[dyslexia]] like his older brother, but was thought to be considerably less [[intelligence|acute]]. He managed to successfully manage a [[Flatlands, Brooklyn]] automotive repair shop on Glenwood Road in Flatlands located directly around the corner from his brother's gasoline station, body shop and auto repair center. While his brother Frederick was offbeat with his eccentricities and idiosyncrasies but competent, Richard DiNome was a "whining bumbler". 

He made most of his money from [[Motor vehicle theft|grand theft auto]] from [[Joseph Scorney]], a former friend and protégé of [[Vito Arena]]. Scorney would [[Slim Jim (lock pick)|slim jim]] and slap hammer the cars whereupon DiNome would drive the stolen cars away to the many chop shops in [[Canarsie, Brooklyn]]. Between DiNome and Scorney, they were making $1,000–2,500 a week for their stolen car parts of luxury vehicles. He owned three cars, including a [[Porsche 935]], and lived in a newly furnished [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn]] highrise apartment building where he kept $25,000 hidden underneath the hollow bottom of an artificial plant, for "in case I have to buy a cop off" as he would tell his associates. 

He was more enthusiastic than Scorney about hiring Vito Arena into their car theft crew but he wanted to please his brother Frederick, by helping out his old friend.{{clarification needed|date = September 2020}}  In the summer of 1978, Scorney, Arena and DiNome stole between four and seven cars a night. He murdered his brother's friend Joseph Scorney on September 28, 1978 for refusing to join their auto theft ring, by shooting him to death with the help of [[Vito Arena]], Frederick and Ronald Turekian.

DiNome was found shot in the back of the head with an automatic handgun in his [[Gravesend, Brooklyn]] home along with his friends John Baida and Frederick Seiden.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/07/nyregion/slaying-victim-faced-us-charges.html |title=Slaying Victim Faced U.S. Charges |publisher=The New York Times |date=7 February 1984}}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43990545/daily-news/ Mob faces army of trouble] Murray Weiss and Paul , ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (April 15, 1984)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/06/nyregion/gravesend-man-and-two-others-are-found-slain.html Gravesend man and two others are found slain] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211122004651/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/02/06/nyregion/gravesend-man-and-two-others-are-found-slain.html |date=November 22, 2021 }} Douglas C. McGill, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 6, 1984)</ref>

DiNome was shot and wounded with a shotgun as he approached the home of Michael Agri on Staten Island in June 1983. Agri was arrested for assault but the charges against him were dropped due to a lack of evidence after DiNome failed to appear in court on a number of occasions.<ref name="FBI Records: The Vault — Roy Albert Demeo">[https://vault.fbi.gov/roy-albert-demeo/roy-albert-demeo-part-01-of-03/view FBI Records: The Vault — Roy Albert Demeo] [[fbi.gov]] (May 16, 2014)</ref>

According to fellow DeMeo crew member [[Pete LaFroscia]], DiNome was "

[[Peter LaFroscia]] said of DiNome: "How he got mixed up with those boys [the DeMeo crew] I'll never know".<ref name="Pete LaFroscia's entry into the Gambino Family/DeMeo Crew with Roy DeMeo and Danny Grillo">[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1aIdyI8qNM Pete LaFroscia's entry into the Gambino Family/DeMeo Crew with Roy DeMeo and Danny Grillo] [[YouTube]] (November 15, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220703215927/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V1aIdyI8qNM |date=July 3, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/43990545/daily-news/

====Paul Dordal====
'''Paul "Paulie Pinto" Dordal''' (born September 4, 1944) is a former Gambino associate and member of the defunct DeMeo crew, which was headed by [[Roy DeMeo]] and based out of the [[Gemini Lounge]] in [[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Flatlands]], [[Brooklyn]].

https://www.leagle.com/decision/1982100955ny2d9543751

https://www.leagle.com/decision/198167981ad2d5982483

====Louis Facciolo====
{{Main|Louis Facciolo}}

====Tom van der Feer====
'''Thomas Jan van der Feer''' (November 19, 1932 – September 30, 1982), also known as '''Navred Reef''', was a Dutch pornographer who was an associate of [[Roy DeMeo]].

====Joseph Feola====
'''Joseph "Joey Surprise" Feola'''

====Louis Ferrante====
{{Main|Louis Ferrante}}

====Ralph Galione====
'''Ralph "Ralphie Wigs" Galione''' (August 31, 1936 – December 20, 1973) was an associate and member of the Bergin Crew, headquartered out of the [[Bergin Hunt and Fish Club]] in [[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]], Queens.

====Eddie Garofalo, Sr.====
'''Eddie Garofalo'''

====Edward Grillo====
'''Edward "Danny" Grillo''' (February 7, 1934 – November 14, 1978) was a member of the [[Gemini Lounge]] Crew and an associate of the [[Westies]]. After falling deeply into debt to DeMeo and other [[loanshark]]s, Grillo was murdered by his own associates in the DeMeo Crew.

Grillo was born in [[Little Italy, Manhattan]] to Italian immigrants from [[Genoa]], [[Liguria]]. In 1976, after completing a prison sentence for hijacking, Grillo was recruited by DeMeo into his crew. Grillo and DeMeo had known each other through work in the [[Italian-American Mafia|Mafia]]-connected [[Canarsie]] junkyards. Grillo soon became involved in the hijacking of truck cargoes to and from [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]] in [[Queens]]. Associate [[Dominick Montiglio]], who became a government witness in 1983, described how DeMeo once asked him to temporarily store 120 stolen [[Smith & Wesson]] handguns.  Grillo and other DeMeo crew members had hijacked the guns, headed to law enforcement in [[Finland]] as they were being transported to the airport. Montiglio stored the weapons for one day and then turned them over to Grillo and DeMeo.

Shortly after joining the DeMeo's crew, Grillo helped form an alliance with a group of Irish-American mobsters known as [[The Westies]]. While in prison during the early 1970s, Grillo had met [[James Coonan|James 'Jimmy' Coonan]], an Irish mobster who wanted to lead the Westies. After their release, both men stayed in contact. Coonan wanted to oust Westies leader [[Mickey Spillane (gangster)|Michael 'Mickey' Spillane]], but needed money to fund a rebellion. Grillo reported Coonan's predicament to DeMeo, who decided to help Coonan. The DeMeo crew and the Coonan faction were soon committing hijackings together and splitting the profits. DeMeo also loaned Coonan large sums of money to build a portfolio of loanshark customers. On May 13 of 1977, Spillane was shot to death outside of his apartment building, reportedly by Grillo and DeMeo.

With Spillane gone, Coonan then sought to eliminate Ruby Stein, a bigtime loanshark with ties to the [[Genovese crime family|Genovese Family]]. Grillo and a number of Westies owed large amounts of money to Stein and were looking to escape these obligations. Grillo decided this was a good idea and proceeded to kill Stein without the permission or knowledge of his boss DeMeo, a serious violation of mob rules.  Two days after Spillane's murder, Grillo shot Stein to death in a club owned by a Westie member. The corpse was then dismembered by the Coonan faction, packaged, and deposited into the ocean.  This alliance between the Gambinos and the Westies would greatly benefit the Gambino family and ultimately lead to DeMeo becoming an official family member.

By 1978, Grillo was in deep trouble with the Gambino family. Suffering from gambling and cocaine addictions, he found himself heavily in debt to DeMeo.  To avoid missing his payments to DeMeo, he was constantly borrowing from other loansharks.  The drugs and financial stress was apparently making Grillo act erratically. This behavior convinced DeMeo and his superior, [[Anthony Gaggi]], that Grillo was weak and would fold under police pressure if arrested. Montiglio attempted to help Grillo, risking his own life to do it.  On one occasion, Montiglio ripped up $50,000 worth of debt markers that Danny had acquired during a night of gambling at Gambino party. DeMeo confronted Montiglio about Danny's behavior, and made statements that implied Grillo did not have much time left.  

On November 15, 1978 Montiglio visited the DeMeo crew's primary hangout, the Gemini Lounge in Brooklyn. Seeing crew members [[Chris Rosenberg]], [[Joseph Testa]] and [[Anthony Senter]] outside the entrance, Montiglio asked if they had seen Grillo. Rosenberg allegedly smiled and replied, "No one will see Danny no more." Montiglio then approached DeMeo inside the Lounge, who confirmed Rosenberg's statement, claiming that "...if anybody wants to talk to (Danny) they'll have to talk to him at the Fountain Avenue dump." 

Many of the DeMeo crew's victims had been dismembered and deposited at this dump. DeMeo went on to say that the crew had parked Grillo's car in the middle of the [[Manhattan Bridge]] and left the driver side door open to make it look like a suicide. During a later meeting with the Westies, DeMeo learned from Coonan that Grillo had tried to use Coonan as a front to borrow even more money from DeMeo.  According to Coonan's second-in-command [[Mickey Featherstone]], DeMeo allegedly remarked, "I wish you would've told me earlier, I would've cut him into littler pieces."

Grillo's wife later testified that on November 14, 1978, the day her husband disappeared, Grillo had received a call at home from DeMeo requesting he come to a meeting at the Gemini Lounge. Before leaving, Grillo took special care to tell his wife and children goodbye. After he was gone, his wife discovered that he had left his wallet and other personal possessions behind.  A loyal crew member to the end, Grillo voluntarily went to a meeting that he may have known would be his last.

====Kenneth Guarino====
'''Kenneth F. "Kenny" Guarino''' (born 1950) is a pornography distributor and former Gambino family associate in Rhode Island. He created and incorporated Capital Video Corporation, a distributor of pornographic videotapes located in [[Cranston, Rhode Island|Cranston]], in 1979 and later headed the [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]]-based Imperial Distributing Company, a major distributor and adult book shop owner with retail outlets in Rhode Island and [[Worcester, Massachusetts|Worcester]], [[Springfield, Massachusetts|Springfield]] and [[Boston]] in Massachusetts.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=hCNHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA1226&lpg=PA1226&dq=kenneth+guarino+ettore+zappi&source=bl&ots=Htv3qWdR_Z&sig=ACfU3U2aAjlSDDJ2PQR3pInJMEitrvGjBw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiD1MWU2PnvAhUrg_0HHbgLAisQ6AEwDXoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=kenneth%20guarino%20ettore%20zappi&f=false ''Attorney General's Commission on Pornography''] (July 1986)</ref> His other business ventures included a stage production at the [[Dunes (hotel and casino)|Dunes]] hotel and casino in [[Las Vegas]], and a precious metals business in the New England area. Guarino forged links with Gambino family ''caporegime'' [[Ettore Zappi]] and [[Patriarca crime family|Patriarca family]] boss [[Raymond L. S. Patriarca]]. Concerned that members of other crime families would extort money from, or take over, his multimillion dollar pornography business, Guarino began paying [[tribute]] to Zappi to fend off extortion attempts and to assist Guarino with other business matters. [[Natale Richichi]] later succeeded Zappi as captain and inherited Guarino's business interests from Zappi following his retirement.<ref name="''Capital Video Corporation; Kenneth Guarino v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/311/458/570154/ ''Capital Video Corporation; Kenneth Guarino v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue''] [[Justia]] (October 8, 2002)</ref>

On February 28, 1978, [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) agents seized a quantity of obscene materials, including books, pamphlets, magazines, newspapers, films and prints, being transferred in a panel truck from a warehouse in Providence owned by Guarino and others for delivery to retail stores in Boston's [[Combat Zone, Boston|Combat Zone]].<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/729/864/313811/ ''United States of America v. Kenneth Guarino''] [[Justia]] (February 28, 1984)</ref> Guarino was among seven people convicted by a federal court in Boston of transporting obscene matter in interstate commerce for the purpose of sale on April 1, 1981. An eighth defendant was acquitted.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/04/02/us/around-the-nation-boston-jury-finds-7-persons-guilty-in-pornography-trial.html Around the Nation; Boston Jury Finds 7 Persons Guilty in Pornography Trial] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 2, 1978)</ref> The convicted were part of a three-firm umbrella operation, of which Guarino was the reputed mastermind, that generated $3 million annually from distributing pornographic films and literature  in New England, New York and Canada. Guarino was sentenced to two concurrent two-year prison terms and a $15,000 fine on April 23, 1981.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/04/23/Convicted-Rhode-Island-pornography-distributor-Kenneth-Guarino-Thursday-wiped/6344356850000/ Convicted Rhode Island pornography distributor Kenneth Guarino Thursday wiped a tear from his eye and vowed to appeal a two-year jail term handed down for his part in an obscenity ring that netted $3 million annually] Sharon Hamric, [[United Press International]] (April 23, 1981)</ref><ref>[https://ganglandwire.com/raymond-patriarca-and-the-genovese-and-gambino-families/ Raymond Patriarca and the Genovese and Gambino Families] ganglandwire.com (September 30, 2019)</ref>

Guarino was charged with operating an illegal gambling enterprise in 1980 after being arrested along with forty-four others during gambling raids carried out at twelve locations throughout Rhode Island. He pleaded [[no contest]] to bookmaking charges in 1987 and was fined $250. Guarino also served three months in prison and was fined $5,000 after he pleaded guilty to federal tax evasion charges in June 1985.<ref name="R.I. pornographer pleads guilty">[http://res.providencejournal.com/hercules/extra/2007/mob/archive_stories/19970111.html R.I. pornographer pleads guilty] Zachary Malinowski, ''[[The Providence Journal]]'' (January 11, 1997)</ref> In 1988, Guarino and a corporation through which he bought property in Boston's red-light district were implicated in a money laundering scheme.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/business/1988/05/17/ef-hutton-is-fined-1-million-in-money-laundering-case/1ff80bda-9f37-4631-9dc2-ffa9feb23957/ E.F. Hutton Is Fined $1 Million In Money-Laundering Case] Brian Fuller, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (May 17, 1998)</ref>

Guarino met with Gambino boss [[John Gotti]] on at least one occasion; he, along with Natale Richichi and others, attended a restaurant in [[Johnston, Rhode Island|Johnston]] with Gotti in 1991.<ref name="R.I. pornographer pleads guilty"/> Guarino also brokered a sitdown between Richichi and senior Patriarca members [[Robert DeLuca]] and [[Frank Salemme]], who met in Massachusetts on December 11, 1991 to negotiate a partnership for [[peep show]]s in Boston's Combat Zone, which was controlled by the Patriarca family.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/bitter-rivalry-pitting-providence-wiseguys-bobby-the-cigar-the-saint-against-each-other-stemmed-from-mistake-in-fbi-bug-transcript/ Providence Wiseguys’ Rivalry Stemmed From Mistake In FBI Bug Transcript, Led To Unfulfilled Murder Contracts] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (May 13, 2018)</ref> The meeting, in a hotel room near [[Logan International Airport]], was recorded by an FBI [[covert listening device]].<ref>[https://www.bostonherald.com/2018/05/18/cadillac-frank-salemme-trial-jurors-to-hear-tape-of-mob-boss-summit/ ”Cadillac Frank” Salemme trial: Jurors to hear tape of mob boss summit] Laurel J. Sweet, ''[[Boston Herald]]'' (May 18, 2018)</ref>

Guarino, Natale Richichi and [[Los Angeles crime family|Los Angeles family]] soldier [[Stephen Cino]] were indicted in October 1992 on one count of conspiring to bribe the president of the Las Vegas stagehands union in connection with Guarino's show at the Dunes hotel and casino. In August 1994, Guarino and Richichi were indicted with three others in a superseding indictment, which alleged a conspiracy to defraud the United States government by concealing from the [[Internal Revenue Service]] (IRS) at least $1,728,000 that had been payed to Richichi in cash by Guarino as [[protection money]] between July 1985 and September 1995. Finally, in August 1995, Guarino and Richichi were again indicted under a second superseding indictment for both of these counts, and they were also each separately indicted for several counts of interstate transportation of obscene material through the use of a common carrier. The obscenity charges against Guarino, Natale Richichi's son Salvatore, and William Haimowitz were dismissed on September 24, 1996 after North Star Distributors – a subsidiary of South Pointe Enterprises, of which Guarino served as president – pleaded guilty to distributing obscene films in Nevada and agreed to pay a $200,000 fine.<ref>[https://lasvegassun.com/news/1996/sep/25/porn-distributor-agrees-to-pay-fine/ Porn distributor agrees to pay fine] Rachael Levy, ''[[Las Vegas Sun]]'' (September 25, 1996)</ref> On January 9, 1997, Richichi pleaded guilty to conspiring to defraud the government out of money that Guarino had payed him to protect his pornography business from being taken over by the Patriarca family. The following day, Guarino, as part of a plea agreement, pled guilty only to the charge of conspiracy to evade taxes. He was sentenced on April 25, 1997 to sixteen months in prison, eleven of which were served in a [[halfway house]], and fined $250,000.<ref name="''Capital Video Corporation; Kenneth Guarino v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/311/458/570154/ ''Capital Video Corporation; Kenneth Guarino v. Commissioner of Internal Revenue''] [[Justia]] (October 8, 2002)</ref> He was released from custody on October 2, 1998.<ref name="Inmate locator"/> A federal court ruled on February 11, 2002 that Guarino's Capital Video Corporation could not deduct from its taxes $767,072 in legal fees paid by Guarino during the case.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/0e7eb645ec5cbabf184170c37a7bbe11 Court: Porn Co. Can’t Deduct Fees] [[Associated Press]] (February 11, 2002)</ref><ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/2002/03/17/business/personal-business-diary-loophole-is-too-small-for-an-ex-convict.html Loophole Is Too Small For an Ex-Convict] David Cay Johnston, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 17, 2002)</ref>

In July 1994, Guarino resigned from his role as president, chairman and director of Metro Global Media Inc. – then called South Pointe Enterprises – following an [[Exposé (journalism)|exposé]] by ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]''. He returned as president in December 1995. He resigned from Metro Global Media once again, but remained a major shareholder in the company, in November 1996.<ref>[https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB847418285859103000 Metro Global Media Aide Quits, Citing Personal Legal Problems] ''[[The Wall Street Journal]]'' (November 8, 1996)</ref> The company, based in Cranston, had expanded significantly that year, opening a foreign sales office in [[Flensburg]], Germany and buying Phantasm Holdings of the Netherlands. Metro Global Media, which produced 261 pornographic films between 1995 and 1996, recorded revenues of $19.5 million for that fiscal year. Guarino was residing in a waterfront home in Cranston's [[Edgewood (Cranston)|Edgewood]] neighborhood at the time.<ref name="R.I. pornographer pleads guilty"/>

Along with 

the 1997 racketeering trial of Patriarca boss Frank Salemme.

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19352734/fbi-pressured-on-mob-informants/ FBI pressured on mob informants] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (June 16, 1997)</ref>

<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/978/364/2135963/ ''United States of America v. Francis P. Salemme''] [[Justia]] (June 6, 1997)</ref>

<ref>[https://publicism.info/crime/black_mass/19.html ''Black Mass: Whitey Bulger, the FBI, and a Devil's Deal''] Dick Lehr and Gerard O'Neill (2012)</ref>

<ref>[http://archive.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/articles/1997/06/07/fbi_makes_admission_on_bulger/?page=full FBI makes admission on Bulger] Patricia Nealon, ''[[The Boston Globe]]'' (June 7, 1997)</ref>

denied being an informant outside court.<ref>[https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1997-06-22-9706220173-story,amp.html Key FBI Tape On Mafia Facing Stiff Legal Test] Edmund Mahony, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (June 22, 1997)</ref>

http://www.lukeis back.com/stars/stars/kenneth_guarino.htm

Guarino was an executive producer of the 2007 film ''[[The Education of Charlie Banks]]''.<ref>[https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/commentary-charlie-usual-beer-drinking-81248 Commentary: 'Charlie' not a usual beer-drinking college film] Martina A. Grove, ''[[The Hollywood Reporter]]'' (March 24, 2009)</ref> In October 2006, he filed a lawsuit in [[Manhattan Supreme Court]] against the film's producer Marissa Polvino, claiming that he invested $3 million in the film only to find that no other investors were interested in the project, and that Polvino was refusing to hand over possession of the film to the editor. Polvino filed a suit in Rhode Island against Guarino for not paying her full producer fee.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2006/11/26/movie-courtus-interruptus/ Movie ‘court’us interruptus] Janon Fisher, ''[[New York Post]]'' (November 26, 2006)</ref>

====Joseph Guglielmo====
'''Joseph John Guglielmo''' (November 13, 1927 – disappeared November 1983), nicknamed "Dracula" and "Old Man Joe", was

https://web.archive.org/web/20150524135112/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/07/nyregion/li-man-with-unlincensed-lawyer-granted-retrial.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230124203904/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/463675749/

https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/302818/united-states-v-robert-marshall/

https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/419740/paul-peter-solina-jr-v-united-states/

https://case-law.vlex.com/vid/solina-v-u-s-891795803

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/504/935/122697/

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/59149018add7b04934570d1c

====Abdullah Hassan====
'''Abdullah Mohammad Hassan Hussain'''

====James Hydell====
'''James "Jimmy" Hydell''' ( – October 14, 1986) was an associate
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22712074/robert-bering-article/

====Giovanni Inzerillo====
{{Main|Giovanni Inzerillo}}

====Ronald Jerothe====
'''Ronald "Foxy" Jerothe''' (May 24, 1947 – December 12, 1974)<ref>[http://www.familysearch.org/Eng/search/SSDI/individual_record.asp?recid=071409675&lds=3&region=-1&regionfriendly=&frompage=99 Individual Record<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> was a Gambino family associate and member of the Bergin Crew, which operated out the [[Bergin Hunt and Fish Club]] in [[Ozone Park, Queens|Ozone Park]], Queens. A half-[[Italians|Italian]] associate of the family from 1962 to 1970, Jerothe was a protégé of [[John Gotti]] and bodyguard for [[Aniello Dellacroce]]. He was also a close friend of [[Salvatore Polisi]] and [[Thomas DeSimone]]. Jerothe was a "stick up man" involved in hijacking, bank robbery and drug trafficking, and earned a reputation in mob circles for his swiftness during bank robberies as well as his skills at seducing women. While performing hijackings, he would keep a snub-nose pistol, usually a .38 [[Smith & Wesson]], in the rear pocket of his pants or taped to his leg like undercover policemen. Jerothe thought up the idea to regularly use Smith & Wesson manufactured handcuffs because they were the same ones used by the [[New York Police Department]] (NYPD) which would allow handcuffed truck drivers to be released quickly.

Jerothe was killed by [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] associate Thomas DeSimone over a dispute involving Jerothe's sister, whom DeSimone had been dating. DeSimone assaulted the sister following a break-up, prompting Jerothe to threated to murder him. Hearing of the threat, DeSimone went to Jerothe's Ozone Park apartment and shot him in the face at point-blank range as he answered the door on December 12, 1974. Although the Gotti brothers were angry over Jerothe's skimming of drug profits, they were willing to exact revenge as a matter of principle because DeSimone had murdered a Gambino associate without permission. Additionally, DeSimone had killed [[William Bentvena|William "Billy Batts" Bentvena]], a [[Made man|made member]] of the Gambino family, in a severe breach of the Mafia code of ''[[omertà]]''.<ref>[https://aboutthemafia.com/new-mafia-book-claims-john-gotti-killed-mobster-tommy-desimone/ New Mafia book claims John Gotti killed mobster Tommy DeSimone] DiMaiolo Santolo, aboutthemafia.com (July 13, 2015)</ref> According to the testimony of Gambino associate-turned-informant [[Joseph Iannuzzi|Joseph "Joe Dogs" Iannuzzi]], John Gotti dispatched [[Thomas Agro]] to kill DeSimone after receiving permission from DeSimone's ''caporegime'', [[Paul Vario]]. DeSimone was allegedly lured to Agro under the pretense of becoming a made man and disappeared on January 14, 1979. Agro had murdered him and thrown his weighted-down body into the sea. Agro was also responsible for killing Thomas' older brother Anthony several years earlier, and had plans to kill his brother Robert before he was incarcerated in 1985.<ref name="The Real Goodfellas: The Mysterious Fate of Tommy DeSimone"/>

====Jerome Johnson====
'''Jerome A. Johnson'''

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/08/02/archives/last-hours-of-suspect-offer-little-hint-of-colombo-shooting.html
https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/20/archives/suspect-in-shooting-of-colombo-linked-to-gambino-family-suspect-in.html

====Gus Kalevas====
'''Gus Kalevas''' (born January 21, 1953) is a [[Greek Americans|Greek-American]] former Gambino associate and member of the defunct DeMeo crew.

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/07/nyregion/sex-ring-indictment-names-4.html

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/487937615/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5918765/davey-petillo-on-the-run/

https://ochistory.org/History_of_Porn__Part_III_R.php

https://linksharing.samsungcloud.com/qp1Za5Ozosy8

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/622/1523/2396037/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/8011032/asbury-park-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25680271/suspect-murder/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22427439/courier-post/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22427573/courier-post/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31408828/asbury-park-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22427865/courier-post/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5918765/davey-petillo-on-the-run/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27013804/harem-spa-brick-fran-marincola-mrs/

https://www.showworldlegacy.com/new-blog

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/31408828/asbury-park-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22427573/courier-post/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/22427439/courier-post/

====Richard Kuklinski====
{{Main|Richard Kuklinski}}

====Peter LaFroscia====
'''Peter Edward "Pete the Pick" LaFroscia, Jr.''' (born May 31, 1949)

<ref name="Pete LaFroscia's entry into the Gambino Family/DeMeo Crew with Roy DeMeo and Danny Grillo"/>

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/485/457/399357/

https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2004-02-05-0402041482-story.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38962904/fort-lauderdale-news/

https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2004-02-05-0402041482-story.html / https://archive.ph/qt4PX

https://mafiahitters.com/demeo-crew-victim-list/

http://www.gangsterbb.net/threads/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=985575&page=1

====Bruno Latini====

https://www.nytimes.com/1971/12/25/archives/bar-owner-found-shot-to-death-in-car-in-midtown-parking-lot.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/17/archives/eboli-is-15th-gangland-victim-in-a-year.html

https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/84279021/killing-of-bruno-latini-richard/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=L3Hs_42sQO4C&pg=PA191&lpg=PA191&dq=bruno+latini+gambino&source=bl&ots=QCubk3gJzK&sig=ACfU3U3gRdpaIiLz-6Rp0xTJPEeZihkp-w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN_5vi_On4AhXVQkEAHTpuCs8Q6AF6BAgeEAM#v=onepage&q=bruno%20latini%20gambino&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=jfqMCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT204&lpg=PT204&dq=bruno+latini+gambino&source=bl&ots=hIfUgnFyt5&sig=ACfU3U3x_Oa9U0iFI7zWiJbqwVQMHIh4xw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiN_5vi_On4AhXVQkEAHTpuCs8Q6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage&q=bruno%20latini%20gambino&f=false

====Larry Lawton====
{{Main|Larry Lawton}}

====Joseph Lee====
'''Joseph "Joey" Lee''' (born November 21, 1959)

https://apnews.com/article/d20390222cc020bf7d3c9b0bcc127def

https://jonathangreenberg.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/New-York-Magazine-The-Ghost-Hotel-Feb-17-1986.pdf

https://www.thethings.com/the-real-reason-vito-got-a-love-story-on-the-sopranos/

https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/oral-history-johnny-cakes-sopranos-vito-gay

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=K4N6CoFaMwQC&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=joey+lee+vito+arena&source=bl&ots=EuAqGgdL4-&sig=ACfU3U0TU3xYMnFjnkRTxvk8KEE5oipOOA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkp4S50pz6AhWznVwKHbF8BS44ChDoAXoECA8QAw#v=onepage&q=joey%20lee%20vito%20arena&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xuYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41&lpg=PA41&dq=joey+lee+vito+arena&source=bl&ots=xXShbHvU7F&sig=ACfU3U1FQIvqYNbAhYcc0kVIZm4i8-CODA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkp4S50pz6AhWznVwKHbF8BS44ChDoAXoECA4QAw#v=onepage&q=joey%20lee%20vito%20arena&f=false

====Vincent Leone====
'''Vincent "Vinnie" Leone''' ({{circa}} 1937 – February 11, 1984) was an associate

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/938/1553/294303/

====Paolo LiCastri====
'''Paolo LiCastri'''

====John Mascia====
'''John Mascia'''

====Richard Mastrangelo====
'''Richard Mastrangelo''' (born November 5, 1945)

====Nicholas Mormando====
{{Main|Nicholas Mormando}}

====Angelo Munafo====
'''Angelo Francis Munafo''' (1927 – 2001) was an associate of the [[Baltimore Crew]].

====Francesco Oliveri====
'''Francesco Oliveri''' was an associate

====Guido Penosi====
{{Main|Guido Penosi}}

====Angelo Perrera====
'''Angelo Salvatore Perrera''' (June 13, 1912 – April 23, 1972) was an associate of the [[Baltimore Crew]].

====Orlando Perrera====
'''Orlando "Londos" Perrera'''

Born in 1925, he was the younger brother of [[Angelo Perrera]], with whom he was involved in various rackets.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>

====Joseph Rabbitt====
'''Joseph "Joey" Rabbitt'''

<ref name="Deaths in organized crime"/>

<ref name="Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time"/>

<ref name="Hell's Angel's Arrest Tied to Probe of Slaying">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19498104/hartford-courant/ Hell's Angel's Arrest Tied to Probe of Slaying] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101172928/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19498104/hartford-courant/ |date=January 1, 2022 }} Andrew Kreig, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (May 2, 1980)</ref>

<ref name="Motorcyclists Are Suspected Mob Slayers">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17094172/hartford-courant/ Motorcyclists Are Suspected Mob Slayers] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 21, 1980)</ref>

====Boško Radonjić====
{{Main|Boško Radonjić}}

====Tony Rampino====
{{Main|Tony Rampino}}

====Douglas Rega====
'''Douglas Rega''' (born April 29, 1949) is a former family associate and member of the defunct DeMeo crew. 

released from prison on October 10, 2012.<ref name="Inmate locator"/>

<ref name="Todaro Buys Circle Lab, Now Criterion">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7EQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=fred+todaro+criterion&source=bl&ots=SP5m6bfAZs&sig=ACfU3U0EU7AWLAj-VAK3K4ExAjQq5zdhiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrv56mhr35AhWaRsAKHarKBToQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=fred%20todaro%20criterion&f=false Todaro Buys Circle Lab, Now Criterion] ''[[Billboard (magazine)|Billboard]]'' (July 7, 1956) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810202058/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=7EQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA11&lpg=PA11&dq=fred+todaro+criterion&source=bl&ots=SP5m6bfAZs&sig=ACfU3U0EU7AWLAj-VAK3K4ExAjQq5zdhiA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjrv56mhr35AhWaRsAKHarKBToQ6AF6BAgCEAM#v=onepage&q=fred%20todaro%20criterion&f=false |date=August 10, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="8 Held as Principals In Smut Production">[https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/27/archives/8-held-as-principals-in-smut-production-8-held-as-principals-in.html 8 Held as Principals In Smut Production] Molly Ivins, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 27, 1977) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810195421/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/04/27/archives/8-held-as-principals-in-smut-production-8-held-as-principals-in.html |date=August 10, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Real Cops at Porn Reel; 2d Raid Nets Kid Films">[https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/87982758/criterion-film-labs-april-27-1977/ Real Cops at Porn Reel; 2d Raid Nets Kid Films] Robert Crane, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (April 27, 1977) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220810200330/https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/87982758/criterion-film-labs-april-27-1977/ |date=August 10, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Anti-Porn Raid Nets Producer">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1982&dat=19770427&id=BB5gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FW4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1247,5205815&hl=en Anti-Porn Raid Nets Producer] ''The Evening News'' (April 27, 1978) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817194902/https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1982&dat=19770427&id=BB5gAAAAIBAJ&sjid=FW4NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1247,5205815&hl=en |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Porn Purveyors Warned By DA">[https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/87985199/morgenthau-warns-bad-guys-of-busts/ Porn Purveyors Warned By DA] Robert Crane, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (May 5, 1977) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817194419/https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/87985199/morgenthau-warns-bad-guys-of-busts/ |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="2 Kid-Porn Sellers Get G-Rated Slaps From Judge">[https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/87984770/conclusion-of-criterion-labs-bust-and/ 2 Kid-Porn Sellers Get G-Rated Slaps From Judge] Robert Crane and Arthur Mulligan, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (June 3, 1978) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817194649/https://nydailynews.newspapers.com/clip/87984770/conclusion-of-criterion-labs-bust-and/ |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name=p224>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/224 224]}}</ref>

<ref name=p225>{{cite book|url=https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/mode/2up|url-access=registration|author=Jerry Capeci|author-link=Jerry Capeci|title=Murder Machine|publisher=Onyx|location=New York City|date=1992|isbn=0-451-40387-8|page=[https://archive.org/details/murdermachinetru00must_0/page/225 225]}}</ref>

<ref name="7 Convicted as Part of Violent Gambino Crew">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-29-mn-3568-story.html 7 Convicted as Part of Violent Gambino Crew] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (June 29, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817231628/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-06-29-mn-3568-story.html |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Prosecutor Says Convictions a Victory Over Organized Crime">[https://apnews.com/article/1a8ac017490bf5be1794780dfcf863b9 Prosecutor Says Convictions a Victory Over Organized Crime] Vera Haller, [[Associated Press]] (June 29, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817231807/https://apnews.com/article/1a8ac017490bf5be1794780dfcf863b9 |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Key Gambino witness is expected">[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/01/nyregion/key-gambino-witness-is-expected.html Key Gambino witness is expected] Ronald Smothers, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (December 1, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817232812/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/12/01/nyregion/key-gambino-witness-is-expected.html |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nine Gambino mobsters found guilty of racketeering">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/06/28/Nine-Gambino-mobsters-found-guilty-of-racketeering/8541615009600/ Nine Gambino mobsters found guilty of racketeering] William M. Reilly, [[United Press International]] (June 28, 1989) {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Reputed head of a crime family is indicted by U.S.">[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/31/nyregion/reputed-leader-of-a-crime-family-is-indicted-by-us.html Reputed head of a crime family is indicted by U.S.] Arnold H. Lubasch, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 31, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817233639/https://www.nytimes.com/1984/03/31/nyregion/reputed-leader-of-a-crime-family-is-indicted-by-us.html |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Seven Guilty In 15-Month Mob Trial After Testimony Of Murders">[https://apnews.com/62c74526fb5bef5beab20075e8525b22 Seven Guilty In 15-Month Mob Trial After Testimony Of Murders] Vera Haller, [[Associated Press]] (June 28, 1989) {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=August , 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.nytimes.com/1988/07/31/nyregion/mental-problems-halt-mob-witness-s-testimony.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1989/06/29/nyregion/seven-guilty-in-racket-case-at-mob-trial.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1988/03/30/nyregion/judge-accepts-witness-despite-1975-hypnosis.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/99677966/fatmanslayed/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/40986617/the-daily-news-leader/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/38235858/arizona-daily-star/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/86/277/538920/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/263/18/533773/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/954/839/128172/#fn2

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/263/18/533773/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/610/1359/1469411/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/86/277/538920/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/632/1019/2260863/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/632/1019/2260863/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/73/430/2313556/



https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WzuzPiXD2LgC&pg=PT105&lpg=PT105&dq=douglas+rega&source=bl&ots=WATvoBlstM&sig=ACfU3U1DLBuM9vlqfQnG_K8aV0xv8ht1lQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj10tvO3cfvAhXJilwKHZnRAdAQ6AEwEnoECBAQAw#v=onepage&q=douglas%20rega&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WzuzPiXD2LgC&pg=PT105&lpg=PT105&dq=fred+todaro+gambino&source=bl&ots=WAUypEnnwQ&sig=ACfU3U0zh86QPfE3le5IKrJHiscn-KRW6A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibhdux9MXyAhVKPcAKHRt_BSEQ6AF6BAgkEAM#v=onepage&q=fred%20todaro%20gambino&f=false

<ref name="Gemini Twins">[https://www.thetruecrimedatabase.com/case_file/gemini-twins/ Gemini Twins] thetruecrimedatabase.com (February 7, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817232043/https://www.thetruecrimedatabase.com/case_file/gemini-twins/ |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Murder and the Mob">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24638040/roy-demeo-murder-and-the-mob/ Murder and the Mob] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (April 2, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220817232445/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24638040/roy-demeo-murder-and-the-mob/ |date=August 17, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914bf4aadd7b049347ad39d

https://mafiahitters.com/roy-demeo-the-gemini-method-part-1/

https://mafiahitters.com/roy-demeo-the-gemini-method-part-2/

====Mark Reiter====
'''Mark Reiter''' (born {{circa}} 1948) is a former Gambino crime family associate

https://nypost.com/2022/04/15/aging-nyc-mobster-still-poses-threat-to-law-enforcement-feds/

https://nypost.com/2022/04/21/feds-wont-id-agent-worried-aging-nyc-mobster-will-seek-revenge/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-20-mn-15454-story.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1988/08/26/nyregion/5-guilty-in-narcotics-and-racketeering-case.html

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/848/336/291565/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1988/02/02/Two-reputed-mobsters-indicted-in-drug-ring/1642570776400/

https://www.pressreader.com/

https://www.pressreader.com/usa/new-york-post/20220416/281938841459410

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2015/03/onetime-shooter-and-gentleman-gene.html

https://www.theguardian.com/theobserver/2002/mar/10/life1.lifemagazine5

https://wehoville.com/2015/12/02/56216/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/156714147/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qBHvddTs7UcC&pg=PT212&lpg=PT212&dq=greg+reiter+pitera&source=bl&ots=Up0nIuw4rD&sig=ACfU3U0emKiSRp8puHyVKCca8PyVXmhEfQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVxNSy5739AhXVHcAKHWfmANQQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=greg%20reiter%20pitera&f=false

====Edward Rendini====
'''Edward John Rendini''' (born June 24, 1949)

====Jon Roberts====
{{Main|Jon Roberts}}

====Pedro Rodriguez====
'''Pedro Luis Rodriguez''' (born November 5, 1929)

====Chris Rosenberg====
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Chris Rosenberg
| image_name         = Harveyrosenberg.jpg
| image_size         = 
| image_alt          = 
| image_caption      = Mugshot
| nationality        = 
| birth_name         = 
| birth_date         = {{Birth date|1950|10|6|mf=y}}
| birth_place        = [[Canarsie, Brooklyn]], New York, United States
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|1979|5|11|1950|10|6|mf=y}}
| death_place        = Brooklyn, New York, United States
| cause              = Gunshot
| alias              = Chris DeMeo
| motive             = 
| charge             = 
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
| conviction_status  = 
| occupation         = Car thief, drug dealer
| spouse             = 
| parents            = 
| children           = 
}}

'''Harvey''' "'''Chris'''" '''Rosenberg''' (October 6, 1950 &ndash; May 11, 1979), also known as '''Chris DeMeo''' and '''Christopher Rosalia''',<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30840371/dominick-montiglio-pg3/ 'Murder Machine'] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (September 20, 1992)</ref> was an American gangster who was member of the DeMeo crew run by [[Gambino crime family]] soldier [[Roy DeMeo]]. The gang is suspected of between 75–200 murders in the mid-1970s to the early 1980s. Following a failed narcotics deal with a Cuban drug cartel that Rosenberg stole from, DeMeo killed Rosenberg as restitution.


Chris Rosenberg grew up in [[Canarsie]] on a block dominated by Italian-Americans. Despite the [[Italian-American Mafia|Mafia]] rule that only full Italians could be [[made man|made]], or officially inducted into the organization, Rosenberg reportedly believed that his earning abilities and willingness to murder might eventually lead to his becoming a member of [[Cosa Nostra]]. He reportedly did not like his Jewish last name and preferred people call him "Chris DeMeo" instead.


Rosenberg's criminal career began at the age of 13, when he began dealing [[marijuana]]. His first arrest was in 1970 for car theft, which started out as a [[felony]] case but was reduced to a [[misdemeanor]]. He was given probation rather than jail time. He was arrested again in 1971 for possession of the drug [[hashish]], then again in 1972 for the attempted theft of a snow plow. Both cases were dismissed.


Rosenberg was dealing in small amounts of marijuana and hashish when he first met [[Roy DeMeo]] at a Canarsie gas station in 1966. DeMeo recruited Chris to steal cars, which would then be sold off through connections DeMeo had within Canarsie junkyards. Rosenberg was also the first crew member to interact with DeMeo socially at family barbecues and get-togethers at DeMeo's house.

Between his adept car abilities as well as his fledgling drug business, Rosenberg became successful and opened his own car shop named Car Phobia Repairs, which soon became a hotspot for stolen vehicles. By 1972, Rosenberg had his friends stealing cars for him. Two of these friends were the [[Gemini twins (mafia)|Gemini twins]], [[Joseph Testa]] and [[Anthony Senter]], who Rosenberg would introduce to DeMeo and become two core members of the DeMeo crew. Testa and Senter, who were both full-blooded Italians, had known Rosenberg since their teenage years.


By 1974, a 23-year-old Rosenberg began selling [[cocaine]] and [[quaaludes]], again backed by DeMeo. He acquired the Quaaludes through a [[pharmacist]] connection, as well as the cocaine, which at the time could be prescribed for medical purposes. Through this pharmacist, Chris Rosenberg and the rest of the early DeMeo crew met 22-year-old [[Andrei Katz]], a man who became what was most likely the crew's first murder victim. When Katz was arrested due to a stolen vehicle he purchased from the crew, he blamed Rosenberg for his predicament.

The situation soon escalated to violence when Katz was pulled from his vehicle and severely beaten by two men and put in the hospital. Andrei's brother Victor later testified in court that Andrei claimed the two men were Testa and Senter. Victor also testified that while still in the hospital recovering from his injuries, Andrei swore to his brother that he would get revenge on Chris and the others.

The revenge came on November 13, 1974, when Rosenberg opened his garage door and was struck with 3 bullets fired from an automatic rifle. Rosenberg survived through sheer luck, one bullet hitting him in the lower jaw, another his right arm and a third that was aimed for his chest merely glancing off. Surviving what should have been a fatal shooting, Rosenberg was reportedly furious. His jaw was left disfigured from the bullet wound. Despite undergoing reconstructive surgery, from that point on Rosenberg wore a beard to mask the scars that resulted from this attack.

The man who had shot Rosenberg that morning was never seen but it was assumed by Rosenberg and the rest of the DeMeo Crew to be Andrei Katz. After this incident, and while Rosenberg was still in the hospital recovering from his gunshot wounds, DeMeo met with his followers and it was decided that Katz had to be murdered.

Directly taking care of Katz was considered by the men to be too much of a risk due to the back and forth violence that had already occurred. [[Henry Borelli]], who had become involved with the crew shortly after Chris was shot, suggested that he use a woman friend of his to bait Andrei to a location where he could be abducted and then dealt with discreetly. Arriving at the woman's apartment complex expecting to take her out on a date, Andrei was forcefully abducted by Rosenberg, Borelli, Testa and Senter and taken to the meat department of a grocery store, where DeMeo was waiting.

It was this night, Friday, June 13, 1975, that the DeMeo crew is first known to have been involved with murder and [[dismemberment]]. While first-hand accounts of the incident are unavailable, information provided by crew members who cooperated with the government years later as well as the actual remains of Andrei Katz provided clues that were used by law enforcement as well as author [[Jerry Capeci]] to reconstruct the events. Andrei was stabbed multiple times in the heart with a [[butcher knife]], presumably by Rosenberg in revenge for the shooting that had ruined his face.

After he was already dead, he was then stabbed over a dozen times in the back, again presumably by Rosenberg. Katz's body was then stripped of its clothes and dismembered, likely by DeMeo and Testa, both former butcher apprentices. After the corpse was decapitated, one of the men, presumed to be Rosenberg, crushed the head with a machine normally used to compact cardboard boxes. Because of the damage done to the remains, dental records had to be used in order to positively identify the victim as Katz.

Although the woman friend of Henry Borelli's would confess her role soon after learning about Katz's murder, she was unable to identify Rosenberg. Borelli and Testa were arrested however, and spent months in jail while waiting for trial. They would secure an acquittal in January 1976, but the case would come back to haunt the surviving members of the crew in the late 1980s, when a Federal/State task force targeted the DeMeo Crew.

The nephew of Demeo's superior [[Anthony Gaggi]] within the Gambino Family, [[Dominick Montiglio]], later testified that he learned of the murder from Rosenberg shortly after it happened. He also testified that Rosenberg claimed Katz's murder had driven DeMeo and his crew to decide that any future conflicts would be settled in a similar manner of dismemberment to make the victim disappear.


As the 1970s continued Rosenberg, along with the rest of the DeMeo crew, would commit many more killings. The victims included suspected informants and other mobsters DeMeo and his followers were contracted to kill. Dominick Montiglio, who visited DeMeo frequently to pick up payments for Anthony Gaggi, said in an interview that if the crew didn't kill at least three people a week, they would be depressed. Some were shot to death and left to be found, but the majority of murders committed by the crew followed what came to be known as the "Gemini Method", named so because the main location where the murders took place was the [[Gemini Lounge]], the headquarters of the DeMeo crew through much of the late 1970s.

The Gemini Method usually consisted of the victim entering the apartment in back of the Lounge, dubbed 'The Clubhouse' by crew members. At this point, a crew member (almost always Roy DeMeo according to crew member turned government witness [[Frederick DiNome]]) would approach the victim with a silenced pistol and shoot them in the head, then wrap a towel around the head wound like a turban in order to prevent blood from pouring out. Immediately after, another crew member would stab the victim in the heart in order to prevent any more blood from pumping out of the gunshot wound.

By then the victim would usually be dead, at which point the corpse would be dragged into a bathtub and hung over it for a short period of time. This was done so that the corpse would bleed out and the remaining blood would congeal, making the following step, the dismemberment of the victim, as clean as possible. The body parts would be put into bags, boxed and then sent off to Brooklyn's [[Fountain Avenue]] Dump among other places.

Crew members who became government witnesses all contend that during the time period that Rosenberg was alive, he was always the crew member who stabbed the victims after they had been shot in the head. These same witnesses also claim that Rosenberg usually did the stabbings, as well as the subsequent dismembering of the body, in his boxer shorts or underwear in order to avoid staining the expensive clothes he wore.

Other victims murdered by the crew had their bodies either left where they were killed or dumped in nearby locations. They were killed for various reasons, usually involving cooperation with law enforcement or the drug trade, which Rosenberg was heavily involved in by the mid-to-late 70s. One victim, Kevin Guelli, had been given cocaine by Rosenberg to sell off to customers Guelli claimed he had available. When Rosenberg demanded payment shortly after giving him the drugs to sell, Guelli claimed someone had robbed his house and stolen the product. Rosenberg allegedly shot him dead on the spot. Another man was found shot to death and dumped into the trunk of a car allegedly after attempting to rip Rosenberg off in a marijuana deal.


By the late 1970s, Rosenberg's continued involvement in the drug trade as well as his business with the DeMeo Crew had given him a prosperous lifestyle. He was living in an affluent neighborhood and when not working was training for his pilot's license. He also owned a number of businesses, including a pizzeria and his body shop. His heavy involvement in drug trafficking included importing marijuana from Colombia and dealing in large quantities of cocaine. He was Roy DeMeo's second-in-command and when conducting drug deals sometimes referred to himself as "Chris DeMeo". Roy had become somewhat of a [[father figure]] to Rosenberg.

In 1979 he visited [[Florida]] to set up a cocaine deal with a [[loanshark]] customer of Roy DeMeo's who had entered the drug business in an attempt to pay off his debts. This man, Charles Padnick, was acquainted with a Cuban man named William Serrano. Serrano had connections with two Cuban drug merchants known only as "Pepon" and "El Negro". He was informed by Padnick that a group of Italians were interested in purchasing a large quantity of cocaine. After he met with Rosenberg, who introduced himself as Chris DeMeo, Serrano told his Cuban associates and a deal was set up, although Rosenberg was never informed of Serrano's source of the drugs.

A group of four, comprising Charles Padnick and William Serrano as well as the cousin and girlfriend of Serrano's Cuban drug connection "El Negro" flew to New York to facilitate the deal. Within hours of landing, they were shot to death, dismembered and disposed of by Rosenberg and other members of the DeMeo crew. That same night Rosenberg visited a hospital with gunshot wounds on his hand and on the side of his head, suggesting that the group may have tried to fight back before being killed. When the mysterious "El Negro" did not receive a phone call from his cousin or girlfriend that night to ensure that the sale had been completed, he contacted Charles Padnick's son Jamie in an attempt to get more information. Jamie Padnick flew to New York shortly after and disappeared as well after being murdered and dismembered by Rosenberg and his fellow crew members.

With the only information available being the location of [[New York City]] and the name "Chris DeMeo", the Cubans had contacts there inquire and eventually the situation led to Roy DeMeo and the Gambino family. [[Dominick Montiglio]], the nephew of DeMeo's superior Anthony Gaggi, became a government witness in 1983 and claims that he was in charge of delivering messages back and forth between the Cubans' contact in New York and the Gambinos. "El Negro" stated that if Chris Rosenberg were murdered, there would be no further conflict. The murder would have to be in the newspapers, otherwise they would not believe it had actually occurred. After being ordered to kill Rosenberg by his superiors, DeMeo stalled for a number of weeks, reportedly due to the close relationship he and Rosenberg had. After a period of inaction on the part of the Gambinos, the Cuban drug lord sent a group of enforcers to New York and threatened violence if Rosenberg was not murdered soon.

During this situation between the Gambino family and the Cuban cartel, DeMeo committed his most public murder after mistaking a man for a Cuban assassin. The victim, Dominick Ragucci, was actually a 19-year-old paying his way through college by selling vacuum cleaners door to door. After DeMeo saw him parked in front of his house, he mistook him for a Cuban hitman and ended up pursuing the young man in a car chase that ended with Ragucci being shot to death by DeMeo after his vehicle became too damaged to continue driving. After this Anthony Gaggi met with DeMeo and ordered him to stop stalling and kill Rosenberg before there were any more innocent victims.


Rosenberg was reportedly never informed about the Cuban situation and thus had no indication that his life was in danger. On May 11, 1979, he went to the regular nightly meeting with DeMeo and crew. As he sat at the table with his associates, DeMeo pulled a pistol out of a brown bag sitting on the table and shot Rosenberg in the head, wounding but not killing him. When Rosenberg got up off the floor and stumbled onto one knee, [[Anthony Senter]] stood and shot him four more times in the head.

Rosenberg's body was then placed in his car, which was driven and left parked on a street near the [[Gateway National Recreation Area]] in New York City. Crew member [[Frederick DiNome]] then drove by the vehicle while Henry Borelli raked it with machine gun fire, to ensure the murder was a blatant enough assassination to guarantee that it would be mentioned in the local newspaper. This gave the Cubans proof of the killing and defused the situation. Witnesses claim that for years afterward DeMeo expressed genuine regret at having to kill Rosenberg.

Members of the DeMeo crew were suspects in Rosenberg's murder but there was not enough evidence to charge them. Years later however, the murder would be among many other charges in a 1984 indictment against the surviving crew members after cooperating witnesses for the government provided a great deal of information on the crew's activities. At the trial in 1988, testimony was given by [[Dominick Montiglio]] and [[Vito Arena]] linking the remnants of the DeMeo crew with Rosenberg's murder. In 1989 the defendants were convicted of all charges and Joseph Testa and Anthony Senter, the only core DeMeo Crew members who had not been murdered or already imprisoned, were sentenced to life in prison.

*''Murder Machine'' by Gene Mustain & Jerry Capeci, 1993, {{ISBN|0-451-40387-8}}.
*''For The Sins of My Father: A Mafia Killer, His Son, and the Legacy of a Mob Life'', by Al DeMeo, 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-7679-1129-0}}
*{{cite news |title=2 Held in Murder of Auto Mechanic |date=July 6, 1975 |newspaper=The New York Times |page=34 |url=https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1975/07/06/355308122.pdf}}{{subscription required}}
*{{cite news |author= William Glaberson |title=After 15 Months, Mob Trial Nears End |date=May 28, 1989 |newspaper=The New York Times |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/05/28/nyregion/after-15-months-mob-trial-nears-end.html}}

*{{Find a Grave|19524476}}

<ref>[https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/a-not-so-nice-jewish-boy-in-brooklyn/68939/ A Not-So-Nice Jewish Boy in Brooklyn] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211221204118/https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/a-not-so-nice-jewish-boy-in-brooklyn/68939/ |date=December 21, 2021 }}  Eugene S. Robinson, [[Ozy (media company)|Ozy]] (May 6, 2016)</ref>

====Theodore Rothstein====
'''Theodore "Teddy" Rothstein'''

http://www.lukeisback. com/essays/essays/mafia.htm

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.sex.strip-clubs/c/9SWSTp0o0oQ/m/E2bjolp3q0IJ

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xecTAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT81&lpg=PT81&dq=luke+ford+theodore+rothstein&source=bl&ots=jc6Rm9RyJ_&sig=ACfU3U39VJSC1-uRU2NkzUs6Vg-QR0vLFg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifzOW2vaLzAhWsEWMBHd8_CcUQ6AF6BAgkEAM#v=onepage&q=luke%20ford%20theodore%20rothstein&f=false

https://vansmith.me/2017/10/26/the-shy-pornographer-show-worlds-owner-may-be-times-squares-last-man-standing/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y4H5u1NL2NoC&pg=PA1214&lpg=PA1214&dq=theodore+rothstein+gambino&source=bl&ots=IJbXZ8N9iR&sig=ACfU3U2h8ZqaX0RllCnA-U5mVoDOl6Ix8A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBj4-WwaLzAhV5BWMBHcfdAXEQ6AF6BAgQEAM#v=onepage&q=theodore%20rothstein%20gambino&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=5earR_pTmWcC&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=theodore+rothstein+gambino&source=bl&ots=NIgX9G4ior&sig=ACfU3U2vu2tNyKjMyyHI86r7ZK24-oa9CQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBj4-WwaLzAhV5BWMBHcfdAXEQ6AF6BAgREAM#v=onepage&q=theodore%20rothstein%20gambino&f=false

http://www.lukeisback. com/essays/essays/miporn.htm

====Anthony Ruggiano, Jr.====
'''Anthony Ruggiano, Jr.'''

====Salvatore Ruggiero====
{{Main|Salvatore Ruggiero}}

====Anthony Russo====
'''Anthony "Hootie" Russo

====Moishe Schlitten====
'''Moishe "Moe" Schlitten''' was a Jewish-American associate involved in [[numbers racket]]s in the [[South Bronx]].

====Samuel Schlitten====
'''Samuel "Sam" Schlitten''', nicknamed "Sammy Schlitz" and "Sammy Shell", was

====Nicholas Scibetta====
{{Main|Nicholas Scibetta}}

====Emil Scioli====
'''Emil "Buzzy" Scioli''' is a former associate

https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/northjersey/name/linda-schott-obituary?id=24101876

https://www.pressreader.com/canada/waterloo-region-record/20161114/282046211678112

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=o3tF2oIgLocC&pg=PA188&lpg=PA188&dq=buzzy+scioli&source=bl&ots=Hwd6GUe9dS&sig=ACfU3U1QEo_3Q0U_8Ids-ZDzYoqogyHqWA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgp7XE0oH9AhXJglwKHXoFBLIQ6AF6BAgZEAM#v=onepage&q=buzzy%20scioli&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LZx6EAAAQBAJ&pg=PT33&lpg=PT33&dq=buzzy+scioli&source=bl&ots=H5FcuDeyMR&sig=ACfU3U38LhqsQd6CtoCpFVbEtIHOhI0nDw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgp7XE0oH9AhXJglwKHXoFBLIQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=buzzy%20scioli&f=false

====Joseph Scorney====
'''Joseph "Joey" Scorney''' (c. 1953 [[Canarsie, Brooklyn]] - September 28, 1978 [[Flatlands, Brooklyn]]) was an [[Irish-American]] who was involved in [[Motor vehicle theft|grand theft auto]]. He turned down becoming a mob associate/car thief for [[Gambino crime family]] soldier [[Roy DeMeo]] because he wanted to avoid being involved with the mafia, and this led to his murder by Roy DeMeo associates Vito Arena and Ritchie DiNome. The DeMeo crew consisted of car thieves, drug dealers and murderers suspected by the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) of somewhere between 75-200 murders from the mid-1970s to the early 1980s.

[[Vito Arena]] was a close childhood friend of Scorney who remembered him as "a kid who liked to joyride and hang out at gas stations." He became prolific among Roy's gang of car thieves who was able to disable the typical car's security system and drive away within 30 to 40 seconds. Although he worked for Roy DeMeo, it was strictly "freelance" stating to [[Richard DiNome]] that he would never work for "the Mafia guys." A month after his old friend Vito Arena bumped into him on the street, he joined Richard and Scorney's grand theft auto chop shop operation.

During the summer of 1978, Frederick, Vito and Scorney took an estimated four to seven cars a night. Richard occasionally disputed with Scorney about acting as the team's "break and enter" man for the vehicles but their relationship remained steady. He was making an estimated $1500 and $2500 a week. He drove a $35,000 Porsche Turbo Carrera including two other brand new luxury cars and lived in a newly furnished highrise apartment in [[Bensonhurst, Brooklyn]] where he told criminal associates he hid $25,000 in the base of an artificial plant for bribing police.

On September 28, 1978 Joseph Scorney was murdered, although the motives never became clear to the participants in the murder, or later on to the defense team when Arena was questioned at the 1985 [[Mafia Commission Trial]]. Arena and Richard stuffed Scorney's body into a 50-gallon oil barrel and filled it with cement and rolled it off a pier in [[Center Moriches, New York]]. The body was recovered in 1982. In 1985 Vito Arena was sentenced to eighteen years for the murder of Scorney.

====Anthony Senter====
{{Main|Anthony Senter}}

====Robert Senter====
'''Robert Senter'''

====William Shamansky====
'''William "Billy" Shamansky'''

https://www.sy soon.com/deceased/william-shamansky-38

https://web.archive.org/web/20220101174807/https://www.sy soon.com/deceased/william-shamansky-38

<ref name="Deaths in organized crime"/>

<ref name="Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time"/>

<ref name="Hell's Angel's Arrest Tied to Probe of Slaying"/>

<ref name="Motorcyclists Are Suspected Mob Slayers"/>

====Chucky Smith====
'''"Fat" Chucky Smith''' was an associate who operated pornography establishments in [[Philadelphia]], New Jersey and New York City in conjunction with [[Richard Basciano]], [[Roy DeMeo]], [[Robert DiBernardo]], [[Richard Kuklinski]] and [[Anthony Trombetta]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s.<ref name="The Real Goodfellas: The Mysterious Fate of Tommy DeSimone"/> Smith also collaborated with [[Lucchese crime family|Lucchese family]] associates [[Jimmy Burke]], [[Thomas DeSimone]] and [[Henry Hill]], as well as Kuklinski, in trafficking stolen property, pornography, narcotics and guns.<ref name="How I Saved A Movie: Goodfellas’ Henry Hill’s Philly Connection"/>

====Albert Somma====
'''Albert "Albie" Somma''' (July 15, 1943 – September 24, 1982)<ref>[https://ancestors.familysearch.org/en/K2NF-H9R/albert-somma-1943-1982 Albert Somma] [[FamilySearch]] (retrieved November 29, 2021)</ref> was an associate. A resident of [[Smithtown, New York|Smithtown]], [[Long Island]], he was among ten people indicted on gambling charges on October 26, 1974 after a three-month investigation by the [[Nassau County, New York|Nassau County]] District Attorney's Office into a [[Long Beach, New York|Long Beach]]-based bookmaking operation which reportedly had ties to organized crime in New York City, [[Las Vegas]] and [[Cleveland]], and grossed $30 million annually in sports bets.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/27/archives/2-seized-as-ringleaders-of-li-gambling-operations.html 2 Seized as Ringleaders Of L.I. Gambling Operations] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201194515/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/10/27/archives/2-seized-as-ringleaders-of-li-gambling-operations.html |date=December 1, 2021 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 27, 1974) </ref> Somma was alleged to be the head of the gambling ring.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491740845/ 11 Deny a Bet Rap, Are Freed on Bond] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201200654/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491740845/ |date=December 1, 2021 }} Daniel Driscoll, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 28, 1974)</ref>

Somma was found dead on October 18, 1982 in a clearing surrounded by a wooded area on the [[highway median]] of the [[Adirondack Northway]] in [[Queensbury, New York|Queensbury]], killed by gunshot wounds to the head and back. Police theorized that he was killed on September 24, the day of his release from the [[Adirondack Correctional Facility]] in [[Ray Brook, New York|Ray Brook]], where he had served a sentence for a loansharking conviction. Somma's cousin, Patrick M.Boccio Jr., was arrested on October 23 and charged with second-degree conspiracy to commit murder. The indictment was dismissed by [[Warren County, New York|Warren County]] judge G. Thomas Moynihan Jr. on August 25, 1983.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/347036873/ Gangland killing charge thrown out] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201201848/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/347036873/ |date=December 1, 2021 }} Dominic Tom, ''[[The Post-Star]]'' (October 13, 1983)</ref> Additionally, Gambino family soldier [[Roy DeMeo]] was also a suspect in the killing. Shortly before beginning his prison sentence, Somma had brought accusations of drug dealing against the DeMeo crew, resulting in DeMeo being summoned and questioned by the family leadership.<ref>[https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/2018/05/demeo-crew-murders.html DeMeo Crew Murders] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211201203900/https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/2018/05/demeo-crew-murders.html |date=December 1, 2021 }} lcnbios.blogspot.com (May 13, 2018)</ref>

====Frank Stillitano====
'''Frank "Frankie Stale" Stillitano''' was an associate of the New Jersey faction.

in [[Trenton, New Jersey|Trenton]], New Jersey

====Reuben Sturman====
{{Main|Reuben Sturman}}

====Joseph Testa====
{{Main|Joseph Testa}}

====Michael Thevis====
{{Main|Michael Thevis}}

====Anthony Trombetta====
'''Anthony "Tony" Trombetta''' (July 11, 1943 – September 9, 2014) was an associate who operated pornography establishments in [[Philadelphia]]. Trombetta was raised in [[South Philadelphia]] and was the lead singer in the 1960s doo-wop group Rick & the Masters before embarking on a career in business.<ref>[https://www.phillymag.com/news/2007/10/24/departments-city-journal-the-last-porn-palace/ City Journal: The Last Porn Palace] Victor Fiorillo, ''[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]'' (October 24, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220120001902/https://www.phillymag.com/news/2007/10/24/departments-city-journal-the-last-porn-palace/ |date=January 20, 2022 }}</ref> He entered the city's pornography rackets in 1970 after a company he owned in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]], New York went bankrupt. Trombetta operated numerous companies which were subsidiaries of [[Robert DiBernardo]]'s Star Distributors.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gSnxiF6mdhMC&pg=PA162&lpg=PA162&dq=anthony+trombetta+philadelphia&source=bl&ots=kVQzmYgFAD&sig=ACfU3U2nSbqet9F3LVVJCkGS4SHXBw2GPA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjqjtfw7Y_uAhXHxYUKHaw7Aw04HhDoATAGegQIChAC#v=onepage&q=anthony%20trombetta%20philadelphia&f=false ''Child Victims of Exploitation''] [[United States House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families|U.S. House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families]] (October 31, 1985)</ref> Several of his shops specialized in bestiality and child pornography.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/36321123/the-philadelphia-inquirer/ Two men linked to N.J. Mafia] ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (May 1, 1977)</ref> Trombetta was convicted on federal charges of transporting women across state lines for prostitution in 1975.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/breaking/20110311_Judge__Porn_theater_on_Market_St__may_not_expand.html Judge: Porn theater on Market St. may not expand] Inga Saffron, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (March 11, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201112033336/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/breaking/20110311_Judge__Porn_theater_on_Market_St__may_not_expand.html |date=November 12, 2020 }}</ref> The [[Meese Report]], published in July 1986, named him as the largest pornography dealer in the [[Delaware Valley|Philadelphia–South New Jersey area]] and a Gambino family associate.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/philly/home/20100813_Changing_Skyline__How_City_Hall_is_helping_porn_peddler.html Changing Skyline: How City Hall is helping porn peddler] Inga Saffron, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (August 13, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210227050422/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/home/20100813_Changing_Skyline__How_City_Hall_is_helping_porn_peddler.html |date=February 27, 2021 }}</ref> The last adult movie theater owned by Trombetta closed in December 2012 as a result of a dispute between Trombetta and his landlord, [[Richard Basciano]].<ref>[https://www.michaelangelina.com/philadelphia-forum-theater-closes-its-doors/ Philadelphia Forum Theater Closes it’s Doors] Michael Angelina (December 7, 2012)</ref> In February 2013, he and Basciano sold the former site of the theater and two other properties on [[Market Street (Philadelphia)|Market Street]] for $2 million.<ref>[https://www.phillymag.com/property/2015/07/20/parkway-corp-basciano/ What Does Parkway Have Planned for the Basciano Properties on Market Street?] James Jennings, ''[[Philadelphia (magazine)|Philadelphia]]'' (July 20, 2015)</ref> Trombetta lived in [[Washington Township, Gloucester County, New Jersey|Washington Township]], New Jersey in later life and died of heart failure aged seventy-one on September 9, 2014.<ref>[https://www.inquirer.com/philly/obituaries/20140917_Anthony__quot_Rick_quot__Trombetta__71__lead_singer_of__60s_doo-wop_group.html Anthony "Rick" Trombetta, 71, lead singer of '60s doo-wop group] John F. Morrison, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (September 17, 2014)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20210111195949/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/obituaries/20140917_Anthony__quot_Rick_quot__Trombetta__71__lead_singer_of__60s_doo-wop_group.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230124012921/https://www.egizifuneral.com/obituary/anthony-trombetta/

https://www.crossingbroad.com/2012/08/this-guy-says-he-was-offered-200-to-have-sex-with-jerry-sandusky-in-1979-and-1980.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20130119073115/https://www.phillymag.com/articles/departments-city-journal-the-last-porn-palace/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/197886642/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27475253/the-philadelphia-inquirer/

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.how.to.join.the.mafia/c/feeG4eE-3mU

====Ronald Turekian====
'''Ronald "Bulldog" Turekian''' (born April 5, 1957) is an [[Armenian Americans|Armenian American]] former associate and member of the defunct DeMeo crew, which was headed by [[Roy DeMeo]] and headquartered at the [[Gemini Lounge]] in [[Flatlands, Brooklyn|Flatlands]], [[Brooklyn]].

====Michael Umbers====
'''Michael "Dirty Mike" Umbers''' (born {{circa}} 1932) was an associate

<ref name="Slugged in City Jail, Thrown Into an Icy Shower, He Says">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48379437/daily-news/ Slugged in City Jail, Thrown Into an Icy Shower, He Says] William Federici and Sidney Kline, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (February 6, 1959) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220627160649/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/48379437/daily-news/ |date=June 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Suspect in Shooting Of Colombo Linked To Gambino Family">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/20/archives/suspect-in-shooting-of-colombo-linked-to-gambino-family-suspect-in.html Suspect in Shooting Of Colombo Linked To Gambino Family] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 20, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630183845/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/20/archives/suspect-in-shooting-of-colombo-linked-to-gambino-family-suspect-in.html |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bare New Colombo Probe Evidence">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/464565909/ Bare New Colombo Probe Evidence] Frank Faso and William Federici, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (July 20, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630184015/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/464565909/ |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mike Umbers: Christopher’s Emperor">[https://www.villagevoice.com/2020/05/12/mike-umbers-the-emperor-of-christopher-street/ Mike Umbers: Christopher’s Emperor] [[Arthur Bell (journalist)|Arthur Bell]], ''[[The Village Voice]]'' (July 22, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630184119/https://www.villagevoice.com/2020/05/12/mike-umbers-the-emperor-of-christopher-street/ |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Talk of Christopher Street">[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/26/archives/christopher-street-from-farm-to-gay-center.html The Talk of Christopher Street] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 26, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630184241/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/26/archives/christopher-street-from-farm-to-gay-center.html |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Crime Clan Is Grilled In Wrong-Guy Killing">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/465543701/ Crime Clan Is Grilled In Wrong-Guy Killing] Vincent Lee and Paul Meskil, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (August 22, 1972) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630184456/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/465543701/ |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="2 Porno Raids Are Linked to Crime Gangs">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/465527947/ 2 Porno Raids Are Linked to Crime Gangs] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (August 26, 1972) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630184631/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/465527947/ |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="A Mobster Is Linked To Bizarre Holdup">[https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/26/archives/a-mobster-is-linked-to-bizarre-holdup.html A Mobster Is Linked To Bizarre Holdup] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 26, 1972) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630185003/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/26/archives/a-mobster-is-linked-to-bizarre-holdup.html |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bail of $50000 Set in Drug Case For 'Village' Man">[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/01/archives/bail-of-50000-set-in-drug-case-for-village-man.html Bail of $50000 Set in Drug Case For 'Village' Man] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 1, 1973) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220630185138/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/09/01/archives/bail-of-50000-set-in-drug-case-for-village-man.html |date=June 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Dog day aftertaste">[https://www.ejumpcut.org/archive/onlinessays/JC10-11folder/DogDayHolm.html Dog day aftertaste] Eric Holm, ''[[Jump Cut (journal)|Jump Cut]]'' (1976) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Nabbed as City's King of the Callboys">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/482834327/ Nabbed as City's King of the Callboys] Marcia, Kramer, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (December 1, 1977) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gays clash with foes at hearing">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/489218163/ Gays clash with foes at hearing] Marcia Kramer and Brian Kates, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (November 16, 1985) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mafia Exploitation Of Kids: Really A New Low?">[http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/2010/04/mafia-exploitation-of-kids-really-new.html Mafia Exploitation Of Kids: Really A New Low?] FiveFamiliesNYC.com (April 22, 2010) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Bank Robbery That Would Become ‘Dog Day Afternoon’">[https://www.villagevoice.com/2011/03/11/the-bank-robbery-that-would-become-dog-day-afternoon/ The Bank Robbery That Would Become ‘Dog Day Afternoon’] Tony Ortega, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' (March 11, 2011) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Who Shot Godfather Colombo?">[http://www.americanmafia.com/Feature_Articles_477.html Who Shot Godfather Colombo?] J. R. de Szigethy, AmericanMafia.com (June 2011) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ed Murphy: Gay Blackmailer and Activist – Chapter 5: Stonewall Shakedowns">[https://www.salon.com/2014/08/06/the_wild_inside_story_of_allison_bergs_the_dog_how_one_failed_bank_robber_shaped_lgbt_history/ The wild inside story of "The Dog": How one failed bank robber shaped LGBT history] David Ehrenstein, ''[[Salon.com]]'' (August 6, 2014) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Corruption, Before & After Stonewall">[https://gaycitynews.com/corruption-before-after-stonewall/ Corruption, Before & After Stonewall] Duncan Osborne, ''[[Gay City News]]'' (August 2, 2018) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Soul Assassin: The Brief Life and Death of Jerome Johnson">[https://crimereads.com/soul-assassin-the-brief-life-and-death-of-jerome-johnson/ Soul Assassin: The Brief Life and Death of Jerome Johnson] Michael Gonzales, [[CrimeReads]] (January 14, 2020) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ed Murphy: Gay Blackmailer and Activist – Chapter 5: Stonewall Shakedowns">[https://nihilobstat.info/2021/06/18/ed-murphy-gay-blackmailer-and-activist-chapter-5-stonewall-shakedowns/ Ed Murphy: Gay Blackmailer and Activist – Chapter 5: Stonewall Shakedowns] nihilobstat.info (June 18, 2021) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Who Was Elizabeth Eden?">[https://tribunemag.co.uk/2022/04/dog-day-afternoon-liz-eden-littlejohn-basso-al-pacino-trans-history/ Who Was Elizabeth Eden?] JN Hoad, ''[[Tribune (magazine)|Tribune]]'' (2 April 2022) {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gay Activists Alliance Community Demonstration / Zap at Christopher’s End">[https://www.nyclgbtsites.org/site/gay-activists-alliance-community-demonstration-zap-at-christophers-end/ Gay Activists Alliance Community Demonstration / Zap at Christopher’s End] nyclgbtsites.org {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Greg Bucceroni: Street Hustler to Crime Victim Advocate">[https://essaydocs.org/greg-bucceroni-street-hustler-to-crime-victim-advocate.html?page=12 Greg Bucceroni: Street Hustler to Crime Victim Advocate] essaydocs.org {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

====Ronald Ustica====
'''Ronald Ustica''' (born August 15, 1944)

====Herman Weisberger====
'''Herman "Hymie" Weisberger''' (April 28, 1920 – 1999)

===Government informants and witnesses===
====John Alite====
{{Main|John Alite}}

====Vito Arena====
'''Vito John Arena''' (September 10, 1942 – ) was an associate of the [[Gemini Lounge]] Crew. A car thief and armed robber, he

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24638040/roy-demeo-murder-and-the-mob/

https://books.google.ca/books?id=xuYCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=Joseph+Scorney&source=bl&ots=xXNkbKzU6J&sig=ACfU3U1FlPIm-cZUuWgCOoy-wP6r71zE6g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY3rW44MXvAhUwB50JHR9UCR0Q6AEwFHoECH8QAw#v=onepage&q=vito%20arena&f=false

====Alphonse Attardi====
{{Main|Alphonse Attardi}}

====William Battista====
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12301660/william-battista-fbi-1986/

====Dominic Borghese====
'''Dominic "Fat Dom" Borghese'''

====James Cardinali====
'''James Cardinali'''

====Primo Cassarino====
{{Main|Primo Cassarino}}

====Joseph D'Angelo, Jr.====
'''Joseph "Little Joe" D'Angelo, Jr.'''

====Craig DePalma====
'''Craig DePalma'''

====Andrew DiDonato====
'''Andrew DiDonato'''

====Michael DiLeonardo====
{{Main|Michael DiLeonardo}}

====Frederick DiNome====
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/492904553/

https://i.redd.it/s8328i8z1er91.jpg

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/68249631/daily-news/

'''Frederick R. DiNome''' a.k.a. '''"''Broadway Freddy''"''' a.k.a. '''''Broadway Freddy DiName''''' (December 18, 1940 [[Pigtown, Brooklyn]] - February 11, 1986 Huntington Place, [[San Antonio, Texas]]) was a professional [[drag racer]] and a member of the [[DeMeo crew]], headed by Gambino soldier [[Roy DeMeo]]. He later became a government witness and testified against many [[Gambino crime family]] members.

Frederick was one of three brothers born to [[Italian-American]] emigrants in [[Canarsie, Brooklyn]]. He spelled his name one way, but wrote it another, -D-I-N-A-M-E although this may have been unintentional because he had never learned how to write anything but his name, and he did it in more of a scrawl. He was born twelve days before Roy DeMeo. His mother died in 1951 when Frederick was 16, around the same time as Roy Demeo's brother "Chubby" was killed serving in the military in the [[Korean War]]. His brother Richard worked for a [[chop shop]] in [[Staten Island]] stealing cars. DiNome followed him into organized crime and became a member of the DiMeo crew led by Roy DeMeo. Albert DeMeo described Frederick in ''For the Sins of My Father'' as, "...A husky guy about five feet, nine inches, a little shorter than my father, and every inch of him was covered in grease. He seemed to exude engine grease from his pores. Freddy had dirty blond hair, a lopsided nose, and tattoos covering both arms. His teeth were stained and crooked, and his fingernails were filthy." In his biography, Albert DeMeo writes that his father had "taken [Albert] by Freddy's house to play with Freddy's children while he and Freddy talked some business." He commented about Frederick's house, "The house was set on nearly two acres, and Freddy's backyard was like a Hot Wheels racetrack. He kept race cars and motorbikes there, and he promised that as soon as [Albert] was big enough, he'd let [him] ride on one of the bikes. He also had a basement filled to the brim with electronic equipment. Hundreds of televisions, VCRS, stereos covered his basement in stacks, still in their boxes."  He was a fourth grade drop out. Roy DeMeo gave him cash to have the dental work repaired and to purchase a new wardrobe. He suffered from an undiagnosed case of [[dyslexia]] which made him an outsider among the other children in the neighborhood. He was a close friend of fellow DeMeo crew mob associate [[Peter LaFroscia]]. He was involved in the murder of car thief and mob associate [[Joseph Scorney]].

He was born and raised in the same neighborhood as [[Chris Rosenberg]], [[Anthony Senter]], [[Joseph Testa]], and [[Henry Borelli]], who would all later become associates in the crew of Roy DeMeo. He invested the money from his car theft operation and drag racing career and bought a gas station and an automobile body shop and repair business which he named "Broadway Freddy's Diagnostic Center" located at 4214 Glenwood Road. Although his car repair business was successful he was usually broke. He had borrowed money from his friend Roy DeMeo since 1971. He did not like working with fellow Gemini crew member Henry Borelli because Borelli had a laid back attitude, showed up late at his automotive center to steal cars and complained about his workload, stealing seven to ten cars a day. Car ring mob associate Abdullah Hassan later complained directly to Roy DeMeo that someone was stealing the radios from the cars before they were shipped off to [[Kuwait]]. Roy DeMeo would personally instruct and mentor Frederick in the Gemini method of human dismemberment following the murders of Khaled Daoud and Ronald Falcaro. Freddy had his auto body used as the murder site of Khaled Doud, Ronald Falcaro, Charles Mongitore, Daniel Scaturo and John Burton. Henry Borelli and Vito Arena who were present during the murders and assisted in the dismemberment would later state that in court they witnessed Frederick cut off Falcaro's genitalia and stick it in the mouth of his severed head.

In 1971 he was filing for divorce and fighting with his ex-wife over custody of his son and namesake, Frederick Jr., and needed $3,000 to pay off the gasoline supplier of his automotive center. He would later remarry in September 1977. Frederick associated with both the [[Lucchese crime family]]'s Clyde Brooks and [[Paul Vario]], but due to his reputation for being erratic and infantile, he was denied becoming a [[made man]]. He moved to [[Long Island]] and was granted full custody of his son.

DiNome's eccentricities were viewed poorly by other mobsters, such as his owning a pet monkey that he housed at the garage named "Susie" which he trained to pump gas at his fueling station. He frequently smoked [[marijuana]], but hid this from his friend Roy DeMeo who openly disapproved of any indulgence in illegal narcotics.

DiNome would act as chauffeur to Roy DeMeo, and DeMeo had him help out in transport truck hijackings from [[John F. Kennedy International Airport]]. Although Freddy was never able to get his driver's license because of his dyslexia he was said to be a capable chauffeur because he never forgot where a certain address was after someone directed him to the location. After moving to Long Island during a heated domestic dispute with a neighbor he snatched the neighbor's dog and decapitated it and then left it on the man's porch. He introduced [[Vito Arena]] into the DeMeo crew.

Freddy began his professional [[drag racing]] career in 1967 after building a racecar that he financed by selling stolen [[Volkswagens]]. His racing pseudonym was "'Broadway Freddy' DeName". Late night television commercials promoted his appearances at local and national racetracks and he was making $100,000 a year. He raced almost exclusively on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]], at Madison Township Raceway Park, [[Englishtown, New Jersey]]; [[Atco Raceway]], [[Atco, New Jersey]]; New York National Speedway on [[Long Island]], New York; [[Lebanon Valley Speedway]] near [[New Lebanon, New York|West Lebanon, New York]]; [[New England Dragway]] in [[Epping, New Hampshire]]; Maryland International Raceway at Budds Creek, [[Maryland]]; and at [[Richmond International Raceway]] in [[Henrico County, Virginia]]. He raced some in [[southern California]] during the winter of 1968 or '69, notably at [[Lions Drag Strip]] in [[Wilmington, Los Angeles|Wilmington]] (Long Beach). After he sold his fuel dragster, DiNome switched to [[Funny Car]] with a 1970 [[Chevrolet Camaro]] that ran at most twelve to fifteen races a season. After his Camaro, DiNome raced a 1972 [[Ford Mustang]] the "Motion Performnance Fugitive", a [[Chevrolet Monza]] and a 1976 [[Buick Skyhawk]] that he called "[[Saturday Night Fever]]", the name taken from the movie starring [[John Travolta]]. Frederick never won a major race. He competed once or twice at the [[NHRA]] Summernationals, the UHRA ([[United Hot Rod Association]]) Summer Nationals, the New England Funny Car Nationals at [[New England Dragway]] in [[Epping, New Hampshire]] and some of the [[Don Garlits]]' PRO (Professional Racers Organization) races of the mid-1970s. Except for the UHRA shows at New York National and the Epping race he never qualified for any of those races.

In 1976, his busiest season, he raced ten times: his first race was at the [[Car (magazine)]] event at Atco where he lost to Roy Harris driving Gus Wunsch's "Brutus" [[Mustang II]]. His last race was at the Lakeland International Raceway, now the [[USA International Raceway]] in [[Lakeland, Florida]], for the [[Don Garlits]] PRO race, where he did not qualify for entry into the [[Gatornationals]]
with an 8.10-seconds run. His best run of the season was a 6.91, but at that time he had future [[International Motorsports Hall of Fame]] inductee Harlan Thompson behind the wheel. Thompson drove two rounds before losing to Gary Burgin. He stayed on as an owner in 1977, with Thompson as the main driver.

In 1978, Thompson competed in just three events. In his first race in 1978 at an eight-car show at Englishtown, New Jersey, he ran a 6.69 which made him a runner-up to Jimmy King in the King & Marshall [[Chevrolet Monza]]. Roy DeMeo, his cousin [[Joseph Guglielmo]] and Albert DeMeo attended his races.

After a near fatal car crash during one of his races, his drag racing career floundered before he finally gave it up for good to pursue a career in organized crime. Roy DeMeo, who was at the near fatal race in the stands, said about the horrifying incident, "I went to watch Freddy once and he crashed. He climbs out of the car and he's on fire. He looks like an astronaut who has crash landed. The firemen are hosing him down, but he looks up at me in the stands and begins to smile and wave like some kids were squirting him by the pool. Don't tell me Freddy is crazy. I know he is fucking nuts."

DiNome reportedly committed suicide in 1986.<ref>https://www.nytimes.com/1986/02/19/nyregion/a-protected-witness-in-the-gambino-trial-is-termed-a-suicide.html</ref>

====Richard Gomes====
'''Richard "Red Bird" Gomes''' was a [[Portuguese American]] associate from [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]], Rhode Island.

====Frank Fappiano====
'''Frank "Frankie Fapp" Fappiano

====Michael Finnerty====
'''Michael Finnerty''' is an [[Irish American]] former associate

====Ronald Fischetti====
'''Ronald Fischetti''' (died June 10, 1981) 

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/486047860/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/486044487/

====Sammy Gravano====
{{Main|Sammy Gravano}}

====Frank Hydell====
'''Frank Hydell''' was an associate

====Joseph Iannuzzi====
{{Main|Joseph Iannuzzi}}

====Wilfred Johnson====
{{Main|Wilfred Johnson}}

====Lewis Kasman====
'''Lewis Kasman''' is a [[Jewish American]] former associate.

<ref name="''United States of America v. John Vincent Artuso''"/>
<ref name="Reputed Gambino Vinne Artuso Goes to Trial"/>
<ref>[https://nypost.com/2012/07/01/teflon-dons-former-adviser-reveals-the-secrets-of-the-gottis/ Teflon Don’s former adviser reveals the secrets of the Gottis] Brad Hamilton, ''[[New York Post]]'' (July 1, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220110205114/https://nypost.com/2012/07/01/teflon-dons-former-adviser-reveals-the-secrets-of-the-gottis/ |date=January 10, 2022 }}</ref>

====Andrei Katz====
'''Andrei Katz''' (1952 – June 13, 1975) was a Jewish-Romanian immigrant living in New York City in the 1970s, where through [[auto theft]] and drug dealing he became involved with the [[Gemini Lounge]] Crew in [[Canarsie, Brooklyn|Canarsie]], Brooklyn, and became their first known murder victim.<ref>{{Cite web|last=Robinson|first=Eugene|date=2016-05-06|title=A Not-So-Nice Jewish Boy in Brooklyn|url=https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/a-not-so-nice-jewish-boy-in-brooklyn/68939/|access-date=2020-11-06|website=OZY|archive-date=2020-10-26|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201026185841/https://www.ozy.com/true-and-stories/a-not-so-nice-jewish-boy-in-brooklyn/68939/|url-status=live}}</ref> His parents, both [[concentration camp]] survivors, had immigrated to New York City in 1956 with Andrei, who was four years old at the time, and settled in Brooklyn. Andrei had a younger brother by the name of Victor. 

In January 1975, Katz visited the Brooklyn [[District Attorney|District Attorney's Office]] and voluntarily provided them information that [[Chris Rosenberg]] was heavily involved in auto theft.<ref>{{Cite news|last=Lubasch|first=Arnold|date=April 8, 1984|title=INFORMERS HELPED INDICT MOB FIGURES IN 25 SLAYINGS|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/nyregion/informers-helped-indict-mob-figures-in-25-slayings.html|access-date=November 5, 2020|archive-date=December 20, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161220133334/http://www.nytimes.com/1984/04/08/nyregion/informers-helped-indict-mob-figures-in-25-slayings.html|url-status=live}}</ref> [[Roy DeMeo]] learned about the meeting immediately after it happened from an Auto Crimes detective on his payroll. Roy ordered DeMeo crew associate [[Henry Borelli]] to contact a female acquaintance, Babette Judith Questel, about being used as bait.<ref name=":0">{{Cite news|last=Lubasch|first=Arnold|date=April 1, 1988|title=Abduction of Man in '75 Recounted by Witness|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/01/nyregion/abduction-of-man-in-75-recounted-by-witness.html|access-date=November 5, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125193353/https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/01/nyregion/abduction-of-man-in-75-recounted-by-witness.html|url-status=live}}</ref> In May, Andrei appeared before a Brooklyn [[grand jury]] and divulged what he knew about the DeMeo crew's illegal activities. In June 1975, Questel was used to successfully lure Katz to her apartment complex for what he thought was a date, where upon arrival he was immediately abducted by members of the DeMeo crew.<ref name=":0" /> He was then taken to the meat department of a [[supermarket]] in Queens, where he was stabbed multiple times in the heart and then the back by a [[butcher knife]].<ref>{{Cite book|last=Mustain|first=Gene|title=Murder Machine|last2=Capeci|first2=Jerry|publisher=Penguin|year=1993|isbn=0-451-40387-8}}</ref> After being [[decapitation|decapitated]], Katz's head was then crushed when it was put through a machine normally used for compacting cardboard boxes. The body parts were wrapped in plastic bags and then deposited into the supermarket's dumpster, where they were discovered days later when a pedestrian walking his dog spotted one of Katz's legs lying on a curb near the store.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 6, 1975|title=2 Held in Murder of Auto Mechanic|work=The New York Times|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/06/archives/2-held-in-murder-of-auto-mechanic.html|access-date=November 6, 2020|archive-date=January 25, 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200125193353/https://www.nytimes.com/1975/07/06/archives/2-held-in-murder-of-auto-mechanic.html|url-status=live}}</ref> The police reported to the press that a grisly, brutal killing had occurred, but that was the extent of the information given. The body was identified as that of Andrei Katz two days later through the use of dental records.<ref>{{Cite news|date=July 6, 1975|title=Grab 2, Seek 3 and Girl in Butchering|work=Daily News}}</ref>

====Dominick LoFaro====
{{Main|Dominick LoFaro}}

====Kevin McMahon====
'''Kevin McMahon'''

https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/search/label/Kevin%20McMahon

====Giovanni Monteleone====
'''Giovanni "Johnny" Monteleone'''

====Dominick Montiglio====
{{Main|Dominick Montiglio}}

Montiglio / Radonjic, p. 29 - http://caligula.org/200_Degrees_Pt_5_Ch_35_Your.pdf

====Robert Mormando====
{{Main|Robert Mormando}}

====Stephen Newell====
'''Stephen "Stevie" Newell''' is a former associate

<ref>[https://www.cosanostranews.com/2015/03/killing-alite-and-anyone-in-car-with-him.html Killing Alite (and Anyone in the Car With Him)] Ed Scarpo, cosanostranews.com (March 29, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220107172058/https://www.cosanostranews.com/2015/03/killing-alite-and-anyone-in-car-with-him.html |date=January 7, 2022 }}</ref>

====Salvatore Polisi====
'''Salvatore "Crazy Sal" Polisi''' (born April 30, 1945) is a former associate of the Gambino and [[Colombo crime family|Colombo]] crime families who became a government witness.

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/01/14/After-five-months-of-testimony-9629-pages-of-transcripts/9348537598800/

====Johnathan Quinn====
'''Johnathan W. "John" Quinn'''

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/85874895/john-quinn-demeo-crew/

====Matthew Rega====
'''Matthew "Matty" Rega'''

====Salvatore Romano====
{{Main|Salvatore D. Romano}}

====Paul Rotherberg====
'''Paul E. Rothenberg'''

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/01/archives/li-slaying-is-linked-to-mafia-inquiry-mob-pressure-one-man-indicted.html L. I. Slaying Is Linked to Mafia Inquiry] Ralph Blumenthal, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 1, 1973)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/05/archives/getting-a-slice-of-the-action-pornography.html Pornography] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 5, 1973)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/434011877/ Happy Family, Generous Friends Welcome Hero Home] Nat Kanter and John Murphy, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (December 9, 1973)</ref>

https://publicism.info/crime/ice/5.html

https://themobmuseum.org/blog/roy-demeo-no-3-on-list-of-top-5-most-notorious-mob-hitmen/


Argila

https://publicism.info/crime/ice/5.html

https://www.ukessays.com/essays/law/richard-kuklinski-iceman.php

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/434011877/

https://publicism.info/crime/ice/5.html

====Anthony Ruggiano, Jr.====
'''Anthony Ruggiano, Jr.'''

====Alfredo Santantonio====
'''Alfredo "Sidge" Santantonio'''

http://mafiahistory.us/rattrap/gambinoinf.html

====Nicholas Stefanelli====
'''Nicholas "Nicky Skins" Stefanelli'''

====Joseph Vollaro====
{{Main|Joseph Vollaro}}

===References===
{{Reflist|30em}}

https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/2019/02/gambino-family-ceremonies-1970s.html
http://mafiamembershipcharts.blogspot.com/2017/11/gambino-family-membership-chart-1960-70s.html
https://documents2.theblackvault.com/documents/fbifiles/RIDSDeadList-2019.pdf
http://www.fivefamiliesnyc.com/p/gambino-crime-family.html
http://www.streetgangs.com/billboard/viewtopic.php?t=42313
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Ei1JZa71YZ8C&pg=PA204&lpg=PA204&dq=giacomo+morelli+gambino&source=bl&ots=JX1c5OocLR&sig=ACfU3U3BZ_kz0LULzP2UeJtUkAqBcb4Irg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizpbCpqo3uAhVHrxoKHYjqCiYQ6AEwA3oECAEQAg#v=onepage&q=giacomo%20morelli%20gambino&f=false
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rWC76dk1ecoC&pg=PA198&lpg=PA198&dq=francesco+barranca+gambino&source=bl&ots=6br7MZz3Pj&sig=ACfU3U2AyiOgy2CD9_ithcMXttpE1_nd-Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwia66ejiZLuAhUL1hoKHWSwDAY4ChDoATABegQIAxAC#v=onepage&q=francesco%20barranca%20gambino&f=false

http://www.gangsterbb.net/threads/ubbthreads.php?ubb=showflat&Number=1001311

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=1233261&sort=paper-date-asc

<ref>[https://mafiahistory.us/maf-narcotics1965.html American Mafia - Illicit Traffic in Narcotics, 1965] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210316161734/https://mafiahistory.us/maf-narcotics1965.html |date=March 16, 2021 }} mafiahistory.us</ref>

===Bibliography===
*Davis, John H. ''Mafia Dynasty: The Rise and Fall of the Gambino Crime Family''. New York: HarperCollins, 1994. {{ISBN|0-06-109184-7}}
*DeStefano, Anthony M. ''Mob Killer''. New York: Pinnacle Books, 2011. {{ISBN|0-7860-2858-0}}
*Mustain, Gene and [[Jerry Capeci|Capeci, Jerry]]. ''Mob Star: The Story of John Gotti''. Indianapolis: Penguin, 2002. {{ISBN|0-02-864416-6}}
*Raab, Selwyn. ''Five Families: The Rise, Decline, and Resurgence of America's Most Powerful Mafia Empires''. New York: Macmillan, 2006. {{ISBN|0-312-36181-5}}
*[[Victoria Gotti|Gotti, Victoria]]. ''This Family of Mine: What It Was Like Growing Up Gotti''. New York: Simon and Schuster, 2009. {{ISBN|1-4391-5450-3}}
*Wilson, Colin. ''The World's Greatest True Crime''. New York: Barnes & Noble Publishing, 2004. {{ISBN|0-7607-5467-5}}
* Maas, Peter. ''Underboss: Sammy the Bull Gravano's Story of Life in the Mafia''. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1997. {{ISBN|0-06-093096-9}}
* Capeci, Jerry. ''The Complete Idiot's Guide to the Mafia''. Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002. {{ISBN|0-02-864225-2}}
* O'Brien, Joseph F. and Kurins, Andris, ''Boss of Bosses: The Fall of The Godfather: The FBI and Paul Castellano'', Pocket Books (1993){{ISBN|0671715410}}
*[[Joseph Iannuzzi|Iannuzzi, Joseph]], ''Joe Dogs: The Life and Crimes of a Mobster'' Simon & Schuster (June 1993) {{ISBN|0-671-79752-2}}
*[[Gus Russo|Russo, Gus]], and [[Henry Hill|Hill, Henry]], ''Gangsters and Goodfellas: Wiseguys... and Life on the Run'' Mainstream Publishing (August 9, 2005) ISBN 1-84018-881-2
*''Murder Machine'' by Gene Mustain & Jerry Capeci, 1993, {{ISBN|0-451-40387-8}}.
*''For The Sins of My Father: A Mafia Killer, His Son, and the Legacy of a Mob Life'', by Al DeMeo, 2003, {{ISBN|978-0-7679-1129-0}}

{{Gambino crime family}}
{{American Mafia}}

[[:Category:Gambino crime family|*]]
[[:Category:Lists of criminals|Gambino crime family mobsters]]
[[:Category:Organized crime-related lists|Gambino crime family mobsters]]
[[:Category:United States crime-related lists|Gambino crime family mobsters]]

==Baltimore Crew==
{{short description|Faction of the Gambino crime family}}
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = Baltimore Crew
| image             =  <!--(filename only)-->
| image_size        =  <!--(defaults to 220px)-->
| caption           = 
| founded           = {{start date and age|1923}}
| founder           = Vito Corbi
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Little Italy, Baltimore|Little Italy]], Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| years_active      = 1923–1990
| territory         = [[Baltimore metropolitan area]]
| ethnicity         = [[Italians]] as "[[Made man|made men]]" and other ethnicities as associates
| membership_est    = 12–15 made members<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland">[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/03/18/corbi-regime-baltimore-maryland/ The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland] TheNewYorkMafia.com (March 18, 2020)</ref>
| leaders           = 
| activities        = Gambling, extortion, prostitution, loansharking, fraud, drug trafficking, murder and corruption
| allies            = [[Gambino crime family]]
| rivals            = 
| notable_members   = 
}}
The '''Baltimore Crew''' was an Italian American [[organized crime]] group that ultimately became a faction of the [[Gambino crime family]] operating in the [[port|port city]] of [[Baltimore]], Maryland from approximately 1923 until 1990. Originally an independent organization led by the Corbi family, [[Frank Scalice]] of the New York-based Gambino family installed [[Luigi Morici]] as the reigning ''[[caporegime]]'' over the area around 1951. Throughout most of its existence, the Baltimore ''[[cosca]]'' was functionally headed by the Corbi family: Vito, and then his sons; Antonio, Pasquale and [[Frank Corbi|Frank]].

===History===
====Rule of the Corbi family====
The Calabrian-born Vito Corbi (1866–1929) was a leading member of the ''[[Famiglia Vagabonda]]'', a small criminal organization that operated several legitimate businesses as well as bootlegging and [[Black Hand]] extortion rackets in the [[Fairmont, West Virginia|Fairmont]]–[[Clarksburg, West Virginia|Clarksburg]] area of West Virginia during the early [[Prohibition in the United States|Prohibition era]]. Other members of this group included Vito's eldest son Pasquale ("Patsy"; 1894–1955) and Vincenzo "Jim" Urso (1883–1950). In March 1923, nine members of the gang, including Pasquale Corbi, were charged with twelve murders and series of dynamitings carried out in West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Maryland.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/10229266/the-kinston-free-press/ Twelve Murders to Credit of Italian Gang, Is Charged] ''[[Kinston Free Press]]'' (March 10, 1923)</ref> Pasquale Corbi was sentenced to [[life imprisonment]] the following month for the January 1922 murder of local barber Francesco "Frank Naples" Napolitano, a reputed [[Camorra]] member.<ref>{{cite news |title=Life Sentence is Given to Corbi |agency=United Press |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19230421&id=bCQrAAAAIBAJ&sjid=rdMEAAAAIBAJ&pg=5774,2752374 |newspaper=The Southeast Missourian |date=April 21, 1923 |access-date=March 12, 2013}}</ref><ref name="mmc">{{cite web |title=Mafia Membership Charts: Baltimore faction - Gambino Family |url=http://mafiamembershipcharts.blogspot.com/2018/03/baltimore-faction-gambino-family.html |website=mafiamembershipcharts.blogspot.com |access-date=29 August 2019 |date=23 March 2018}}</ref> Vito Corbi and Vincenzo Urso avoided prosecution as they had moved to [[Baltimore]] and Canada, respectively, prior to the investigation. Settling in Baltimore, Vito Corbi led the city's [[Calabrian mafia]] until his death in 1929. Pasquale Corbi's prison sentence was commuted to eighteen years and he was paroled in 1932, at which time he joined his family in Baltimore. Paquale Corbi became the leader of the group, with his brother [[Frank Corbi|Frank]] as his chief lieutenant. The Corbi clan initially acted independently from any [[American Mafia|Mafia]] [[Crime family|crime families]], but circa 1951 [[Albert Anastasia]] charged [[Frank Scalice]] with overseeing the formation of a faction of the future [[Gambino crime family]] in Baltimore. Scalice sent a contingent of New York-based gangsters to the city and installed [[Luigi Morici]] as the reigning ''[[caporegime]]'' over the area. Morici also recruited a number of local Sicilian and Calabrian criminals, including the Corbis, into his crew. The Corbi family acquiesced to the Gambino relationship but maintained local leadership, simply answering to and accessing support from Morici and his New York Gambino connections.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>

====Under Gambino leadership====
The Baltimore Crew was involved primarily in illegal gambling and loan sharking, and also partnered with or extorted local [[Jewish-American organized crime|Jewish gangsters]], who were the dominant powers in the city's underworld.<ref name="Baltimore's colorful mafia history">[https://www.booksie.com/590372-baltimore-colorful-mafia-history Baltimore's colorful mafia history] booksie.com (April 22, 2019)</ref> The crew's membership consisted of approximately twelve-to-fifteen [[Made man|made men]] and numerous associates at its peak strength during the 1950s and 1960s.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/> The Baltimore Crew was suspected in the murders of Antonio "Tony" Messina and Salvatore "Big Sam" Zannino; Messina was found shot dead in the trunk of a car on June 23, 1952 and Zannino disappeared around the same time.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20876165/the-evening-sun/ Messina Slaying Solution Held Key To Mafia Chain Killings] Spencer Davidson, ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (January 27, 1953)</ref> According to an informant, both killings were carried out on the orders of Albert Anastasia, and that Baltimore Crew member [[Frank Malvaso]] participated in Messina's murder.<ref name="Baltimore's colorful mafia history"/> In 1966, Luigi Morici stepped down from the role of ''capo'' due to ill health.<ref name=mmc /> During this time, the crew was put under the management of the then-captain [[Joseph N. Gallo]], who had became Baltimore's point of contact with the family's administration following Scalice's death in 1957. Frank Corbi assumed the position of acting leader of the Baltimore operation, reporting directly to Gallo. Eventually, Corbi was promoted to official captain of the crew.

By the 1980s most of the membership had died or retired, and with Corbi in his 80s and inactive, the regime became extinct.<ref name=mmc /> The presence of the Baltimore Crew officially ended with Corbi's death in 1990.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>


<ref name="Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction">[https://theindependentresearchclub.home.blog/2019/06/30/baltimore-faction-gambino-family/ Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction] theindependentresearchclub.com (June 30, 2019)</ref>

<ref name="Baltimore Mobtown: Gambino family Baltimore faction"/>


https://www.booksie.com/590372-baltimore-colorful-mafia-history

https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32576634.pdf

https://theindependentresearchclub.home.blog/2020/06/22/the-corbi-dynasty-part-1/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27825142/the-baltimore-sun/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27825051/the-baltimore-sun/

<ref name="Baltimore Regime">[https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/2023/02/1980-baltimore-regime-meeting-gambino.html 1980 Baltimore Regime Meeting] LCN Bios (February 17, 2023) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/save/https://lcnbios.blogspot.com/2023/02/1980-baltimore-regime-meeting-gambino.html |date=February 23, 2023 }}</ref>

===Historical leadership===
* 1923–1929 – Vito Corbi (1866–1929)
* 1929–1932 – Antonio "Tony" Corbi
* 1932–1951 – Pasquale "Patsy" Corbi (1895–1955)
* 1951–1966 – [[Luigi Morici|Luigi "Louie Mora" Morici]]
* 1966–1990 – [[Frank Corbi|Francesco "Frank" Corbi]]

===Former members===
====Soldiers====
* Samuel Adornato<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/> (1905–1972)
* [[Thomas Aversa|Thomas "Reds" Aversa]]
* Charles Barbera<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/> (1904–1987)
* [[Vincent Carona|Vincent "Jimmy Russo" Carona]]
* [[Frank Dabbene|Frank "Don Cheech" Dabbene]]
* Gaetano "Thomas" LaFata – Born in [[Carini]], Sicily in 1898, LaFata lived in Baltimore for over fifty years and was a founding member of the Baltimore Crew.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/> He managed a bar on [[Lombard Street (Baltimore)|Lombard Street]] and died of natural causes on April 1, 1965.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/37081723/obituary-for-gaetano-la-fata-aged-67/ Gaetano LaFata obituary] ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (April 3, 1965)</ref>
* [[Benjamin Magliano|Benjamin "Benny Trotta" Magliano]]
* Frank Malvaso (1901–1991?) – Malvaso was born in 1901 retired to [[Largo, Florida]] in 1967.<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>

====Associates====
* [[Mario Anello]]
* [[Louis Comi]]
* [[Joseph Corbi]]
* Francesco "Frank" Gattuso<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>
* [[Joseph Gigliotti]]
* August "Nick Trotta" Magliano (1917–1998) – The brother and associate of [[Benamin Magliano]].<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>
* [[Angelo Munafo]]
* Joseph Palazzolo<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>
* [[Angelo Perrera]]
* [[Orlando Perrera|Orlando "Londos" Perrera]]
* Giacomo "Jimmy" Romano – An associate of [[Vincent Carona]] residing in [[Essex, Maryland|Essex]].<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>
* Joseph Tamburello (1906–1983) – A close associate and operator of an Italian grocery store, Tamburello was also a contact of Connecticut-based soldier [[David Iacovetti]].<ref name="The 'Corbi Regime' of Baltimore, Maryland"/>

===See also===
*[[History of the Italians in Baltimore]]

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{Gambino crime family}}
{{American Mafia}}
{{Organized crime groups in America}}

[[:Category:Organizations established in 1923]]
[[:Category:1923 establishments in Maryland]]
[[:Category:Organizations disestablished in 1990]]
[[:Category:1990 disestablishments in Maryland]]
[[:Category:Gambino crime family]]
[[:Category:American Mafia crews]]
[[:Category:Former gangs in Baltimore]]
[[:Category:Italian-American culture in Baltimore]]

==California==
<ref name="Feuds, arrests doomed Hell’s Angels chapters"/>

In an indictment that reads like a script for the violent television drama Sons of Anarchy, federal prosecutors on Monday charged 11 members of the Hells Angels motorcycle gang with wreaking death and destruction in California over the past 10 years.

Members of the Hells Angels motorcycle gang in Sonoma County, a scenic area of Northern California more often associated with posh wine tours, carried out attacks against rival gang members and anyone who disrespected a Hells Angel member or broke any of gang rules, federal prosecutors said.

The gang members kept a massive armory of shotguns, rifles, brass knuckles, a "homemade mace-type weapon" and a large number of knives—and back in 2007 they used mortgage fraud to obtain a home where they established an indoor marijuana farm, according to the indictment.


The most serious crime, however, took place when Jonathan "Jon Jon" Nelson, the president of the Sonoma County chapter of the Hells Angels, told an unnamed victim to meet with Brian Wendt, the president of the Fresno County chapter of the Hells Angels—with Wendt then murdering the victim, the indictment states.

Other crimes laid against the gang members include drug trafficking, assault, robbery, illegal guns and witness intimidation.


"This week we have taken a significant step toward bringing to justice an alleged conspiracy whose aim has been to commit violent crimes," U.S. Attorney Brian Stretch, of the Northern District of California, said in a statement Monday.

Another Hells Angels member sexually assaulted someone identified only as "Victim 6" last year, threatening during the attack to hurt Victim 6's family if they reported the assault.

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While the Hells Angels are sometimes thought to be extinct or remnants of the 1960s counterculture movement, recent arrests—such as the arrest of six Hells Angels near New York City in March—show they are still active. There are about 800 Hells Angels members in the U.S., spread over 92 chapters in 27 states and up to 2,500 worldwide, the U.S. Department of Justice said earlier this year.

The indictment also revealed some of the inner workings of the Sonoma County chapter of the Hells Angels.

Becoming a member of the gang is a formal process, with the hopeful member first serving as a "hangaround" who performs menial tasks and tries to gain the respect of full members. The next stage in the process is to become a "prospect," at which point the prospective member can attend Hells Angels meetings, which are called "church."


"On motorcycle trips by the chapter, or 'runs,' they are expected to hold firearms," the indictment states. "A person generally is a prospect for a year before being considered for full membership."


The Hells Angels gang is intensely image-conscious and tries to frame arrests like the ones announced Monday as "a few bad apples" and not connected to the gang, says Julian Sher, a Canadian investigative journalist who has written books about motorcycle gangs, tells Newsweek. "The Hells Angels care more about their image than any other crime group," says Sher.

The Hells Angels charged Monday face up to life in prison if convicted on the top conspiracy charge.

March 27, 1998
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/89/1144/2411592/

Michael Lee Musick
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/534/954/1443525/




===CT===
https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=993775&sort=paper-date-desc

With outlaw biker activity in [[Greater Bridgeport]] dating back to around 1968, the Grateful Dead were among several motorcycle gangs operating in the area.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2762564/connecticut-huns-pagan-souls/ Motorcycle Gangs in Area Have Been Involved With Law Often in Shootouts, Drugs, Deaths] ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (October 20, 1971)</ref> The Grateful Dead were involved in a conflict with the Huns MC, another prominent local club, which

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/17/archives/five-of-cycle-club-ambushed-in-car-in-stratford-conn.html Five of Cycle Club Ambushed in Car In Stratford, Conn.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105222614/https://www.nytimes.com/1971/10/17/archives/five-of-cycle-club-ambushed-in-car-in-stratford-conn.html |date=January 5, 2022 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 17, 1971)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/59550689/ Greenwich Man Gets Price Control Post At Ex Rider] ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (October 23, 1971)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60719212/ More Area Arrests Expected In Cycle Gang Fatal Shooting] Frank DeCerbo, ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (July 12, 1973)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60716211/ Two City Cyclists Counts] ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (July 5, 1974)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60556037/ 2 Hell's Angels Found Guilty In Affray With Off-Duty Cop] ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (March 13, 1976)</ref>

https://www.google.com/search?q=grateful+dead+bridgeport+newspapers.com&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi_ksui1J31AhW-QEEAHXsPD4YQ_AUoAnoECAEQBA&biw=1366&bih=657&dpr=1#imgrc=Y0IsD2y1NpEUaM

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/59554870/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/32389965/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60089797/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/603568/the-bridgeport-post/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60879600/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/59549778/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60879607/

Two Hells Angels members, Russell J. Kutzer and Bridgeport chapter president Donald Meredith, were shot and stabbed to death when two men, one armed with a handgun, attacked the pair after entering a café in [[Lakeview Village Historic District|Lakeview]], Bridgeport after midnight on October 5, 1977.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/06/archives/2-hells-angels-in-bridgeport-are-shot-and-stabbed-to-death.html 2 Hell's Angels in Bridgeport Are Shot and Stabbed to Death] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220105171508/https://www.nytimes.com/1977/10/06/archives/2-hells-angels-in-bridgeport-are-shot-and-stabbed-to-death.html |date=January 5, 2022 }} ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 6, 1977)</ref> An autopsy report showed Meredith and Kutzer attempted to flee after they were shot but were caught and stabbed. Kutzer, who was out on $50,000 bail while awaiting a manslaughter trial in the May 2, 1975 beating death of José Sosa, had his head nearly severed from his body. A suspect in the double murder surrendered to authorities in [[Chicago, Illinois]] upon the urging of his family the same day.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/manchester-journal-inquirer-oct-06-1977-p-88/ Man Held In Chicago For Killing 2 Bikers] ''[[Journal Inquirer]]'' (October 6, 1977)</ref> Santos W. Pagán was charged on December 5 with two counts of manslaughter in the first degree.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60344473/ Manslaughter charges filed against Pagan] ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (December 6, 1977)</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/14803321/the-bridgeport-post/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60328552/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/60330966/

Daniel Bifield was arrested when state authorities raided a Hells Angels clubhouse in [[the Bronx, New York]] in February 1980 in a search for weapons used in the murder of [[Genovese crime family]] mobster Thomas "Tommy the Blond" Vastano, who was shot dead in [[Stratford, Connecticut|Stratford]] on January 28. Although shotguns, rifles, handguns, brass knuckles and plastic explosives were seized in the raid, no weapons linked to the killing were retrieved.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19498104/hartford-courant/ Hell's Angel's Arrest Tied to Probe of Slaying] Andrew Kreig, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (May 2, 1980)</ref> At the time of his death, Vastano was under subpoena to testify before a federal grand jury about gambling activities in [[New Haven, Connecticut|New Haven]] and Bridgeport.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17869829/hartford-courant/ Man's Death Called Gangland Slaying] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (January 29, 1980)</ref><ref name="Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time">[https://gangsterreport.com/mafia-hit-list-the-top-15-connecticut-mob-murders-of-all-time/ Mafia hit list: the top 15 Connecticut mob murders of all-time] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210108223206/https://gangsterreport.com/mafia-hit-list-the-top-15-connecticut-mob-murders-of-all-time/ |date=January 8, 2021 }} Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 9, 2019)</ref> Authorities investigating his murder suspected that the Hells Angels were contracted by Mafia figures to carry out the execution.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17094172/hartford-courant/ Motorcyclists Are Suspected Mob Slayers] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 21, 1980)</ref>

Thomas Anthony Jacheo, a former Huns MC member and a candidate for membership in the Hells Angels, was charged with two counts of felony murder in the homicides of jewelry store owner John Gulbenkian and his employee Joseph Ourfalian, who were killed in a shootout at Gulbenkian's store in Bridgeport on August 13, 1981.<ref>[http://www.manchesterhistory.org/News/Manchester%20Evening%20Hearld_1981-08-15.pdf Man charged in two slayings in Bridgeport] ''Manchester Evening Herald'' (August 15, 1981)</ref> Jacheo's alleged accomplice and fellow motorcycle gang member Robert Erff was also killed in the shooting when Gulbenkian returned fire with a handgun, with one bullet piercing a seam in a bulletproof vest worn by Erff and lodging close to his heart.
<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/242694087/ Biker Charged In Slayings At Jeweler's] Paul Frisman, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (August 15, 1981)</ref> Jacheo allegedly drove Erff to [[Bridgeport Hospital]], where he died of internal bleeding, before being arrested the following day.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/14/Motorcyclist-charged-with-two-counts-of-murder/2512366609600/ Motorcyclist charged with two counts of murder] [[United Press International]] (August 14,1981)</ref> According to prosecutors, Gulbenkian's death was the result of a murder contract that had been put on his life after he began cooperating with law enforcement authorities.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/08/15/A-jewelry-store-owner-gunned-down-in-a-gangland-style/7277366696000/ Jewelry store owner gunned down gangland-style] [[United Press International]] (August 15, 1981)</ref> He had been charged with selling cocaine to an undercover narcotics detective after being arrested on January 24, and he subsequently figured in an undercover [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) investigation that resulted in the indictment of six men from the Bridgeport area.<ref>[http://www.manchesterhistory.org/News/Manchester%20Evening%20Hearld_1981-08-17.pdf Slain man was ready to die under murder contract] ''Manchester Evening Herald'' (August 17, 1981)</ref> Jacheo, a veteran of the [[101st Airborne Division]], died at the age of 50 on June 8, 2003.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/ctpost/name/thomas-jacheo-obituary?id=27759783 Thomas Jacheo obituary] [[Legacy.com]]</ref>

Four men – including [[New Rochelle, New York]] Hells Angels chapter member Kevin Lubic – were arrested in February 2011 and indicted on conspiracy charges by a federal grand jury on March 15 in connection to an interstate drug network, which allegedly distributed more than 1,000 pounds of marijuana in [[Greater Danbury]] over a four-year period beginning in 2007.<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Feds-bust-steroid-and-pot-ring-in-Greater-Danbury-1140489.php Feds bust steroid and pot ring in Greater Danbury] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (March 15, 2011)</ref> The narcotics ring, which was under the protection of corrupt officers in the [[New Milford, Connecticut|New Milford]] and [[Wilton, Connecticut|Wilton]] police departments according to prosecutors, was ultimately dismantled after a five-year investigation by the [[Danbury, Connecticut|Danbury]] Police Department and [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA).<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Feds-Danbury-New-Milford-cops-helped-drug-ring-1180519.php Feds: Danbury, New Milford cops helped drug ring] Michael P. Mayko, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (March 17, 2011)</ref> Lubic joined the enterprise upon his release from custody in February 2007 after serving a 77-month federal prison sentence for conspiracy to possess and distribute marijuana in New York, and was the network's connection to [[Bonnano crime family]] associate Richard Sciaccetano, who was the primary source of supply.<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/local/article/A-drug-ring-unraveled-1312460.php A drug ring unraveled] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (March 29, 2011)</ref> Lubic pleaded guilty to conspiracy to distribute marijuana on April 29, 2013 after accepting a deal from federal prosecutors for a sentence of up to 37 months in prison and fines up to $50,000.<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Final-defendant-pleads-guilty-in-large-scale-drug-4473513.php Final defendant pleads guilty in large-scale drug ring] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (April 29, 2013)</ref> His sentencing was delayed indefinitely, however, until the expiration of a five-year probation period stemming from a previous drug conviction.<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/local/article/Sentencing-delayed-for-drug-dealer-4666981.php Sentencing delayed for drug dealer] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (July 15, 2013)</ref> The other defendants in the case – Sciacchetano, Mark Mansa and Glenn Wagner – were sentenced to 37,<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Admitted-drug-dealer-gets-37-months-3631186.php Admitted drug dealer gets 37 months] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (June 13, 2012)</ref> 46<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Bethel-dealer-sentenced-to-46-months-3602270.php Bethel dealer sentenced to 46 months] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (June 13, 2012)</ref> and 62<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Admitted-drug-dealer-gets-62-months-in-prison-3713646.php Admitted drug dealer gets 62 months in prison] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (July 17, 2012)</ref> months' imprisonment, respectively, in June and July 2012.

https://www.newstimes.com/policereports/article/Cold-case-warms-Grand-jury-investigating-Mary-1417629.php
https://groups.google.com/g/van.general/c/1mKzc5CxV2c
https://www.newstimes.com/policereports/article/27-years-later-Badaracco-case-still-haunts-1420286.php

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1814830/the-bridgeport-post/ Two Bridgeport Men Killed in Newtown Shooting; Third Victim Is 'Critical'; Trumbull Man Held] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101152447/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1814830/the-bridgeport-post/ |date=January 1, 2022 }} ''[[Bridgeport Post]]'' (August 1, 1975)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/08/Court-hearings-for-Hells-Angels-defendants/8470484372800/ Court hearings for Hells Angels defendants] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210723184958/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/08/Court-hearings-for-Hells-Angels-defendants/8470484372800/ |date=July 23, 2021 }} [[United Press International]] (May 8, 1985)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/07/16/Plea-made-in-Hells-Angels-shooting/9970490334400/ Plea made in Hells Angels shooting] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220101140759/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/07/16/Plea-made-in-Hells-Angels-shooting/9970490334400/ |date=January 1, 2022 }} [[United Press International]] (July 16, 1985)</ref>

===Missouri===
https://eu.news-leader.com/story/news/crime/2012/07/16/springfield-police-keep-watch-on-biker-turf-war-tension-alleged/28936857/

===NY===
https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=1685156&sort=paper-date-asc

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4429371/asbury-park-press/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4430007/asbury-park-press/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4430152/asbury-park-press/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4429406/asbury-park-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=993775&sort=paper-date-desc
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2772361/1971-breed-ny-cop-shot-in-head-killed/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/464800001/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/465704846/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/464071061/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/86210348/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/36537720/

===Hawaii===

===Indiana===
Prior to the foundation of a Hells Angels presence in Indiana, the club was suspected by federal authorities of supplying the state's Hell's Henchmen and Invaders motorcycle gangs with [[methamphetamine]].<ref name="Overview"/> When the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] attempted to coerce the Hell's Henchmen into "patching over", the Henchmen held a meeting with the Hells Angels in Indiana and agreed to "prospect" for the Angels instead.{{sfn|Caine|2012|p=63}} On December 2, 1994, the Hell's Henchmen chapter in [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]], along with their chapters in [[Chicago]] and [[Rockford, Illinois]], joined the Hells Angels.<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/> After becoming targets of the Outlaws, the Invaders disbanded, with some members joining the Hells Angels and the rest retiring from crime.{{sfn|Caine|2012|p=61}}



The HAMC formed its first Indiana chapter in [[South Bend, Indiana|South Bend]] in 1994 as part of the club's expansion into Indiana and Illinois, which resulted in a war with the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]]. The conflict ended with a truce in 1996.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

The Hell's Henchmen



South Bend chapter founded December 2, 1994.


http://www.dailyjournal.net/2019/01/28/disturbance-leads-police-to-50-pounds-of-marijuana-in-franklin-home/
https://eu.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/17/homicide-hells-angel-meant-no-police-officers-patrolling-lafayette/5599433002/
https://eu.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/19/charges-filed-saturdays-fight-between-hells-angels-and-mongols/5609065002/
https://harleyliberty.com/2020/08/21/prosecutors-dismissed-charges-in-hells-angels-and-mongols-fight-in-lafayette/

===Iowa===
While travelling via motorcycle to the Hells Angels' annual [[Motorcycle rally|rally]] in [[Yankton, South Dakota]] on August 14, 1975, three club members – James M. "Beetle" Bailey, Jr. and Richard Vesey of the [[Cleveland, Ohio]] chapter, and Paul "Chip" Philemon from North Carolina – were fired upon by at least two gunmen who were hidden in an embankment beneath an overpass on [[Interstate 80 in Iowa|Interstate 80]] near [[Colfax, Iowa|Colfax]]. Bailey was killed after being shot in the neck, and Vesey was wounded in the arm. According to police, one assailant fired a shotgun and another a [[.38 caliber]] or [[.357 Magnum]] revolver. No motive was established for the shooting and no suspects were apprehended.<ref name="Area Hell's Angel killed in ambush">[http://media.cleveland.com/metro/other/Blackburn_news-stories.PDF Area Hell's Angel killed in ambush] Joseph Eszterhas, ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'' (August 16, 1975)</ref> The murder remains a [[cold case]].<ref name="James M. “Beetle” Bailey, Jr.">[https://iowacoldcases.org/case-summaries/james-bailey/ James M. “Beetle” Bailey, Jr.] iowacoldcases.org</ref> Philemon was murdered at Bailey's funeral in Cleveland after the phone number of a member of the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]], a club with which the Hells Angels were in a state of conflict, was allegedly found in his wallet.<ref name="Death on the Way to Sturgis: Murder of James M. Bailey, Jr. 1975">[http://www.iowaunsolvedmurders.com/beyond-1965-selected-unsolved-iowa-murders/death-on-the-way-to-sturgis-murder-of-james-m-bailey-jr-1975/ Death on the Way to Sturgis: Murder of James M. Bailey, Jr. 1975] iowaunsolvedmurders.com</ref> After turning government witness in November 1981, Cleveland Hells Angels chapter vice-president Clarence Addie "Butch" Crouch testified that, before his death, chapter treasurer Bailey was building evidence of financial fraud against other members using receipts he had accumulated and kept in his wallet, and that Bailey was killed by HAMC officers in order to prevent him handing over the receipts to senior Hells Angels at the national meeting.<ref name="The Last Ride of a Cleveland Hells Angel Informant">[https://www.clevescene.com/cleveland/red-all-over-a-former-cleveland-hells-angel-and-confidential-informants-path-from-destruction-to-redemption-and-back/Content?oid=3674079 The Last Ride of a Cleveland Hells Angel Informant] Vince Grzegorek, ''[[Cleveland Scene]]'' (October 9, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112173036/https://www.clevescene.com/news/red-all-over-a-former-cleveland-hells-angel-and-confidential-informants-path-from-destruction-to-redemption-and-back-3674079 |date=November 12, 2022 }}</ref>

===Kentucky===
The Hells Angels' chapter in [[Fulton, Kentucky|Fulton]] was established on 29 June 1985.<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

John Cleve Webb, president of the Hells Angels' [[Anchorage, Alaska]] chapter, was fatally shot by two Outlaws outside a [[biker bar]] in [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] on August 12, 1986. Outlaws member Leonard "Cool Ray" Mullen later pleaded guilty to [[reckless homicide]] in Webb's death.<ref name="Jury Finds National Hells Angels Leader Guilty of Conspiracy"/> The Anchorage and [[Oakland, California]] chapters then began conspiring to kill members of the Outlaws in retribution. Unknown to them, Anchorage chapter officer Anthony Tait – who devised a fictional plot to carry out a retaliatory bombing of an Outlaws clubhouse in [[Chicago, Illinois]] – was acting as a paid informant for the FBI.<ref name="''United States of America v. Ralph Hubert Barger''"/> Tait aided the FBI in a two-year investigation by travelling the country at government expense and meeting with various Hells Angels members, making recorded purchases of weapons, explosives and drugs while wearing [[Covert listening device#A wire|a wire]]. By utilizing the informant and undercover agents, the FBI acquired approximately $1.6 million of cocaine and methamphetamine, over twenty pounds of high explosives, three automatic weapons and two [[Silencer (firearms)|silencers]] from the club.<ref name="38 Hells Angels Arrested In ‘Operation Roughrider"/> The [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) investigation Operation CACUS culminated with the arrests of 38 HAMC members in Kentucky and four other states on November 10, 1987.<ref name="Overview"/><ref name="38 Arrested in Inquiry Of Hells Angels Gang"/> Ten Alaskan and Californian Angels were extradited to [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] to face charges of conspiring to transport firearms and explosives across state lines in order to kill Outlaws members.<ref name="Louisville trial gives bikers an easy ride"/> On October 28, 1988, Sonny Barger and Michael O'Farrell – Oakland chapter president and vice-president, respectively – were convicted of conspiracy,<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/10/29/2-hells-angels-convicted-in-plots-against-rival-gang/eea9f1cd-941a-4911-87fd-903176380ae5/ 2 Hells Angels convicted in plots against rival gang] ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (October 29, 1988)</ref> while Lawrence Russell Hagel, Gerald G. Protzman and Edward Floyd Hubert – Webb's successor as Anchorage chapter president – were convicted of the misdemeanor charge of converting a government intelligence manual for their use. Five others were acquitted.<ref name="2 Hells Angels leaders guilty of conspiracy"/> A bounty of $1 million was allegedly put on Tait's life.<ref name="Names Of Hells Angels Jurors To Be Kept Secret"/>

https://gangstersout.blogspot.com/2012/09/fulton-kentucky-hells-angels-president.html

https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/divisions/det/2009/detroit121709ap.html

https://www.kfvs12.com/story/27998728/2-hells-angels-members-arrested-near-fulton-ky/

https://www.westkentuckystar.com//News/Local-Regional/Western-Kentucky/Alleged-Hell-s-Angels-Members-Arrested-after-Stop.aspx

===Maine===
The HAMC was established in Maine with a chapter in [[Canaan, Maine|Canaan]] in 1996.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://www.ocregister.com/2005/12/08/ex-boyfriend-charged-in-slaying-2/
http://archive.boston.com/news/local/maine/articles/2007/02/27/daniel_roberts_convicted_of_murdering_ex_girlfriend/
https://kileystruecrime.squarespace.com/kileystruecrimeaddict-blog/the-murder-of-melissa-mendoza
https://law.justia.com/cases/maine/supreme-court/2008/08me112ro.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=san+diego+hells+angels+2002&source=bl&ots=3077yM03MB&sig=ACfU3U1J6SNy3VmiXN0OHCo5jF_23Ahg6Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib7tiGnp3zAhX0QEEAHf9TCO0Q6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=san%20diego%20hells%20angels%202002&f=false

===Maryland===
In March 1991, a member of the Accretes MC in [[Anne Arundel County, Maryland|Anne Arundel County]] was arrested and charged with trafficking large quantities of methamphetamine as part of a 29-count indictment against the biker and three others, alleging the purchase of the drug from the Hells Angels in California and the [[Pagan's Motorcycle Club|Pagans]] in Ohio. The Accretes, in turn, allegedly distributed methamphetamine to five local motorcycle gangs.<ref name="Overview"/>




The HAMC formed a prospect chapter in [[North Beach, Maryland|North Beach]] in 2002.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

The Baltimore chapter received full [[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]] in August 2004.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1634733/hells-angels-club/ Hopes for Hells Angels chapter worries police] ''[[The Gettysburg Times]]'' (June 29, 2002)</ref>

https://www.baltimoresun.com/ny-metro-east-village-alpha-diallo-punched-hells-angels-20181231-story.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220324184007/https://www.baltimoresun.com/ny-metro-east-village-alpha-diallo-punched-hells-angels-20181231-story.html

https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-03-13-0403130045-story.html

https://www.baltimoresun.com/sdut-hells-angel-hit-and-run-south-coast-highway-2014nov26-story.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220324184449/https://www.baltimoresun.com/sdut-hells-angel-hit-and-run-south-coast-highway-2014nov26-story.html

https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2003-07-31-0307310002-story.html

https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-03-13-0403130045-story.html / https://archive.ph/iDntC

===Minnesota===
The Hells Angels were established in Minnesota on September 18, 1982 with a chapter in [[Minneapolis]].<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

A Hells Angels biker and several members of traditional organized crime groups were convicted in a major methamphetamine distribution case in 1989 and 1990.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview"/>

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca8/18-2685/18-2685-2019-08-13.html

https://eu.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2014/08/10/book-hells-angels-violence-redemption/13856815/

https://www.justice.gov/usao-mn/pr/hells-angels-member-sentenced-14-years-prison-methamphetamine-trafficking

On the orders of [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] international president [[Harry Bowman|Harry "Taco" Bowman]] in 1993, a hit squad consisting of members of the Outlaws' [[Milwaukee]] and [[Janesville, Wisconsin|Janesville]] chapters in the neighboring state of Wisconsin travelled to Minnesota and carried out surveillance on Minneapolis Hells Angels chapter president Patrick Matter ahead of a planned assassination. The Outlaws were unsuccessful in carrying out the killing, however. Several months later, in December 1993, Outlaws bikers attempted a [[car bomb]] attack on Matter; the bomb exploded prematurely, destroying Matter's truck and injuring the man who planted the explosive.{{sfn|Caine|2012|p=60}}

===Nevada===
The Hells Angels' first chapter in Nevada was founded in [[Reno, Nevada|Reno]] in 1998.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2457&dat=20020429&id=oaRJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=iQ0NAAAAIBAJ&pg=1360,4458735

===New York===
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706148/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/874013422/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706161/
https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914c4baadd7b049347cf598

{{short description|Criminal incidents involving the Hells Angels in New York state}}
[[File:Supporter Pin HA NYC noBG.jpg|thumb|right|A supporter [[pin]] of the [[New York City]] Hells Angels charter with the paraphrases "81" and "Big Red Machine".]]
Numerous police and international intelligence agencies classify the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]] (HAMC) as a [[Outlaw motorcycle club#Outlaw motorcycle clubs as criminal enterprises|motorcycle gang]] and contend that members carry out widespread violent crimes, including drug dealing, trafficking in stolen goods, gunrunning, extortion, and prostitution rings.<ref>{{cite web|title=FBI Safe Street Violent Crime Initiative Report Fiscal Year 2000|url=https://www.fbi.gov/publications/safestreets/ssgu00.pdf|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20010913020913/http://www.fbi.gov/publications/safestreets/ssgu00.pdf|archive-date=September 13, 2001|access-date=August 13, 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Ibrahim|first=Youssef M.|date=March 3, 1997|title=New York Times, Sweden's Courteous Police Spoil a Hell's Angels Clubouse Party|work=New York Times|location=Stockholm (Sweden); Sweden|url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9C04E5D71F31F930A35750C0A961958260|access-date=August 13, 2010}}</ref> Members of the organization have continuously asserted that they are only a group of motorcycle enthusiasts who have joined to ride motorcycles together, to organize social events such as group road trips, fundraisers, parties, and motorcycle rallies, and that any crimes are the responsibility of the individuals who carried them out and not the club as a whole.<ref>{{cite web|date=July 6, 2003|title=[Hpn&#93; Hells Angels Mc Salvation Army Shelter Run|url=http://hpn.asu.edu/archives/2003-July/007451.html|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100709114854/http://hpn.asu.edu/archives/2003-July/007451.html|archive-date=July 9, 2010|access-date=August 9, 2010|publisher=Hpn.asu.edu|df=mdy-all}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Under watchful eye, bikers aid charity – Thursday, Sept.&nbsp;4, 2008 &#124; midnight|newspaper=Las Vegas Sun|url=http://www.lasvegassun.com/news/2008/sep/04/under-watchful-eye-bikers-aid-charity/|access-date=August 9, 2010}}</ref>

The HAMC founded its first chapters in New York state on December 5, 1969 by "patching over" the Aliens motorcycle gang of [[New York City]] and the Hackers biker club in [[Rochester, New York|Rochester]].<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vG4bfGwXZNIC&pg=PT42&lpg=PT42&dq=Donald+Picard+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=9H8Pv4uHDQ&sig=ACfU3U1_xtIWxM1TVYWyU4uFzg0QpEbF1A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhwa6andDrAhVIi1wKHcriDE84ChDoATAMegQIAxAB#v=onepage&q=Donald%20Picard%20hells%20angels&f=false ''Fallen Angel: The Unlikely Rise of Walter Stadnick and the Canadian Hells Angels''] Jerry Langton (2006)</ref><ref>[https://hells-angels-rochester.com/history/ History of the Chapter] hells-angels-rochester.com</ref> The New York City charter is among the club's largest,<ref name="Officials say Pagans throttling up in New Jersey over rivalry with Hells Angels"/> and, along with the [[Cleveland, Ohio]] chapter, is responsible for coordinating all Hells Angels activities in the [[Eastern United States]] as well as those of chapters in Canada and Europe.<ref name="''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/108043NCJRS.pdf ''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''] [[National Criminal Justice Reference Service]] (1986)</ref> With additional chapters in [[New Rochelle, New York|New Rochelle]]<ref name="Six Members And Associates Of The Hells Angels Charged In White Plains Federal Court With Racketeering, Narcotics, And Money Laundering Offenses">[https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/six-members-and-associates-hells-angels-charged-white-plains-federal-court-racketeering Six Members And Associates Of The Hells Angels Charged In White Plains Federal Court With Racketeering, Narcotics, And Money Laundering Offenses] [[justice.gov]] (March 16, 2017)</ref> and [[Troy, New York|Troy]],<ref name="''United States v. Robert P. Moran''">[https://casetext.com/case/us-v-moran-37 ''United States v. Robert P. Moran''] casetext.com (January 5, 2005)</ref> the club has a presence in the [[Hudson Valley]],<ref name="Cops Arrest Hell's Angels After Chase"/> as well as in [[Suffolk County, New York|Suffolk County]] on [[Long Island]].<ref>[https://nypost.com/2018/12/17/hells-angels-are-turning-this-long-island-church-into-a-local-headquarters/ Hells Angels are turning this Long Island church into a local headquarters] Kenneth Garger and Chris Perez, ''[[New York Post]]'' (December 17, 2018)</ref><ref>[https://newyork.cbslocal.com/2018/12/18/hells-angels-centereach-chapter-suffolk-county/ Concern Grows Over Hells Angels’ New Chapter In Centereach] Jennifer McLogan, [[CBS New York]] (December 18, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114233400/https://www.cbsnews.com/newyork/news/hells-angels-centereach-chapter-suffolk-county/ |date=January 14, 2023 }}</ref>

The Hells Angels have formed links with the [[Gambino crime family|Gambino]] and [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]] crime families in New York City and the [[Bufalino crime family]] in [[Western New York]], providing security, transportation in narcotics transactions and contract killings for the [[American Mafia|Mafia]] in exchange for drugs.<ref name="''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''"/><ref name="Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79571054/ny-daily-news-5-may-1985-page-4/ Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'] Joseph Volz, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (May 5, 1985)</ref> The [[United States Customs Service|U.S. Customs Service]] documented cases in which the New York Hells Angels partnered the [[Medellín Cartel]] in the smuggling of cocaine.<ref name="''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''"/> The club also distributes methamphetamine in the state and smuggles marijuana into the United States from Canada through the [[St. Regis Mohawk Reservation]].<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs2/2580/2580p.pdf ''New York Drug Threat Assessment''] [[National Drug Intelligence Center]], [[justice.gov]] (November 2002)</ref>

====Gang wars====
=====Outlaws=====
The decades-long conflict between the Hells Angels and the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] reportedly originated from a personal feud between two members of the Aliens biker gang in 1969, when the wife of [[Sandy Alexander]] was allegedly raped by fellow club member [[Peter Rogers (biker)|Peter "Greased Lightning" Rogers]] while Alexander was in California seeking permission from HAMC leader [[Sonny Barger]] to establish a Hells Angels chapter in [[Manhattan]].<ref name="The violent rivalry of the Hell's Angels and Outlaws"/><ref>[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bloody-and-long-lasting-the-feud-between-hells-angels-and-outlaws-75nm26gdzgq Bloody and long lasting: the feud between Hells Angels and Outlaws] Sean O'Neill, ''[[The Times]]'' (20 July 2009)</ref> Rogers subsequently fled to [[Chicago]] and joined the Outlaws, becoming a senior member of the club. Alexander, meanwhile, also rose through the Hells Angels' hierarchy to a position of influence, second only to Barger.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT12&lpg=PT12&dq=George+Hartman,+Edwin+Riley+Albert+Simmons&source=bl&ots=l62SuNTZmc&sig=ACfU3U11Er-Xi3U8f3AKY8N9mQtsp34Flg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX06qLzKnyAhVPTsAKHQfTDJAQ6AF6BAgTEAM#v=onepage&q=George%20Hartman%2C%20Edwin%20Riley%20Albert%20Simmons&f=false ''Biker Gangs''] Walter Roberts (2012)</ref> At a party in New York City on December 31, 1973, Rogers was assaulted by two Hells Angels who seized and forcibly held him until Alexander arrived. Rogers was subsequently beaten and almost killed by Alexander in a one-on-one fight.<ref name="Victim of a global biker feud"/>{{sfn|Langton|2010|p=45}} In retaliation for the New Year's Eve incident, [[South Florida]] Outlaws chapter president James "Big Jim" Nolan allegedly ordered the killings of two members and a former member of the [[Lowell, Massachusetts]] Hells Angels chapter.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33744538/fort-lauderdale-news/ 'Gatemouth' Edson To Take Stand In Biker Trial] George McEvoy, ''[[Fort Lauderdale News]]'' (December 19, 1978)</ref> "Whiskey" George E. Hartman, Jr. and Edwin Thomas "Riverboat" Riley were identified by rival bikers seeking revenge for the attack on Rogers while on a visit to the Outlaws' territory in Florida to supervise the covering up of HAMC tattoos belonging to Albert E. "Oskie" Simmons, who had relocated to [[Orlando, Florida]] to operate a motorcycle shop after leaving the club in 1973 or earlier.<ref name="Lowell rites planned for 2 slain cyclists"/> Police believe Hartman and Riley were in Florida to source narcotics.<ref>[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1986-09-06-8602220975-story,amp.html Indictment links Outlaws to 11 killings] Deborah Petit, ''[[Sun-Sentinel]]'' (September 6, 1986)</ref> According to other sources, they may also have been in pursuit of three Florida-bound members of the Lucifer's Henchmen, a fledgling motorcycle club with which the Hells Angels were feuding in Massachusetts.<ref name="3 Executed, Dumped In Pit"/> Hartman, Riley and Simmons were each bound with rope before being fatally shot in the head with a 12-gauge shotgun after being forced into a van at gunpoint and taken to a quarry near [[Andytown, Florida]] by Outlaws members Henry "Funky Tim" Amis, William Elbert "Gatemouth Willie" Edson, Norman Edward "Spider" Risinger and Ralph "Lucifer" Yannotta on April 27, 1974. They had earlier been lured to a [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida]] tavern under the pretense of a drug deal.<ref name="Legendary Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Can Be Traced Back To 1974 Triple Murder In South Florida"/> The bodies of the Massachusetts trio were then weighed down with concrete cinder blocks and submerged in a flooded, twenty-feet deep rock pit, but were discovered on May 1 after one corpse broke free and was seen by Stanley McElroy, a passing motorist.<ref name="Three Bodies Found Near Fort Lauderdale"/> The other two were found by police divers.<ref name="3 Dead Men Were Hell's Angels"/> Hartman and Riley received a Hells Angels burial in Lowell, while Simmons was laid to rest in Orlando.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/lowell-sun-may-06-1974-p-1/ Many Hell's Angels expected at funeral] ''[[The Sun (Lowell)|The Sun]]'' (May 6, 1974)</ref> The Hells Angels determined that the Outlaws were responsible for the massacre after an internal investigation, and subsequently declared war on their rivals at a national meeting in Cleveland, which was attended by representatives of every club chapter. As a result, the Outlaws fortified their clubhouses with cinderblock walls and gunports on the orders of [[Chicago, Illinois]]-based national president Harold "Stairway Harry" Henderson. The Hells Angels carried out several machine gun attacks on Outlaws headquarters in Georgia, Florida and Ohio in 1974 and 1975.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=George+Hartman,+Edwin+Riley+Albert+Simmons&source=bl&ots=YXxmDuMdig&sig=ACfU3U2ST8yOzPKQMArT77cNqd6bS1K6LQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX06qLzKnyAhVPTsAKHQfTDJAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=George%20Hartman%2C%20Edwin%20Riley%20Albert%20Simmons&f=false ''Outlaws: Inside the Hell's Angel Biker Wars: Inside the Violent World of Biker Gangs''] Tony Thompson (2012)</ref> Amis, Edson, Nolan and Yannotta were indicted by a grand jury in connection with the triple homicide in April 1978, each charged with three counts of first-degree murder.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/233032367/ Outlaw Leader Ordered Killings, Sheriff Reveals] Chuck Crumbo and Dave Casey, ''[[Fort Lauderdale News]]'' (May 6, 1978)</ref> Risinger was charged with unlawful flight to avoid prosecution, and a federal warrant was issued for his arrest. Edson and Yannotta received sentences for lesser charges and entered the [[United States Federal Witness Protection Program|Federal Witness Protection Program]] after testifying against Nolan, who stood trial for the triple homicide three times and was acquitted in 1979 after two mistrials. Amis was convicted and sentenced to life imprisonment, and was later stabbed to death in a prison fight.<ref>[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1991-06-09-9103020932-story,amp.html 13-year hunt ends in arrest extradition sought for biker wanted in deaths of 3 rivals] Maria Elena Fernandez, ''[[Sun-Sentinel]]'' (June 9, 1991)</ref> Outlaws member Joe Edward Sorsby was arrested and faced extradition to Florida in the mistaken belief that he was in fact Risinger after he and another biker were stopped for traffic offences by [[Indiana State Police]] trooper Dwayne Dillahunty while riding their motorcycles on [[Interstate 65 in Indiana|Interstate 65]] in [[Merrillville, Indiana]], just across the state line from Chicago, on June 7, 1991. Sorsby's name had been used as an alias by Risinger and was registered in a national [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) database.<ref>[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/06/10/18-protesters-arrested/ Man held in 1974 slayings] ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (June 10, 1991)</ref><ref>[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1991-06-10-9106100151-story,amp.html Suspect in slayings of 3 caught] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (June 10, 1991)</ref> Sorsby was released when police discovered they had the wrong man in custody after comparing fingerprints.<ref>[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1991-06-11-9103030210-story,amp.html Wrong man nabbed in biker murders] Kevin Davis, ''[[Sun-Sentinel]]'' (June 11, 1991)</ref>

On September 25, 1994, two bikers were killed and at least eight were injured as members of the Hells Angels and the Outlaws fought with guns, knives and other weapons in what authorities believe was a pre-arranged encounter at a [[motorcycle speedway]] track in [[Lancaster, New York|Lancaster]]. Rochester Hells Angels chapter president Michael J. "Mad Mike" Quale was fatally stabbed over a dozen times, and [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] Outlaws chapter president Walter "Buffalo Wally" Posnjak died from a gunshot wound to the chest. Two people were wounded by gunfire and several others were treated for stab wounds at the [[Erie County Medical Center]].<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19940927&id=RStJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sQYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1327,3946899 Clash between motorcycle clubs leaves two dead, four injured] ''[[The Hour (newspaper)|The Hour]]'' (September 27, 1994)</ref> Fifteen people were arrested on weapons and drug charges in the aftermath.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/09/26/nyregion/2-are-killed-as-rival-motorcycle-gangs-clash-at-drag-race.html 2 Are Killed as Rival Motorcycle Gangs Clash at Drag Race] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 26, 1994)</ref> The melee had been preceded by a fight between Hells Angels and Outlaws members at a local bar the previous evening, and occurred at a time when the rival clubs were engaged in a turf war in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] after the HAMC expanded into the Outlaws' home state of Illinois.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138496316/ Rite for Hell's Angel held] Bruce Andriatch, ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (October 22, 1994)</ref> In a search for evidence relating to the fatal brawl, four police agencies utilized an armored vehicle and an NYSP helicopter during sweeps of the Rochester HAMC chapter clubhouse, a pizzeria in the city, and a residence in the bordering town of [[Greece (town), New York|Greece]], which uncovered eleven weapons and other suspicious items on December 22.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138805847/ Sweep by police came up empty, biker says] Corydon Ireland, ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (December 24, 1994)</ref> Robert "Big Bob" Herold, the Hells Angels' former president in Rochester, was arrested on January 19, 1995 and charged with second-degree murder after a [[.44 Magnum]] revolver that had been used to kill Posnjak and was legally registered on Herold's pistol permit was discovered in his home.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/166092545/ Hells Angel is charged in slaying] ''[[The Journal News]]'' (January 20, 1995)</ref> He and his girlfriend, Sheila Elmlinger, were also charged with possessing illegal weapons and stolen property in relation to eight unregistered weapons which were also found.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/136005385/ Biker denies weapons charges] Michael Zeigler, ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (May 25, 1995)</ref> Herold was acquitted of Posnjak's murder in 1996.<ref name="The Lancaster National Speedway Slayings: Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Peaked In 1990s With Racetrack Fight"/> The FBI learned from informants that Quale had been stabbed to death by Indiana Outlaws member Donald Bryan "Big Don" Fogg and Orville Jerome "Orvie" Cochran, president of the Outlaws' [[South Side, Chicago]] chapter. Fogg was shot dead in [[Gary, Indiana]] on January 28, 1995 on the orders of Outlaws international president [[Harry Joseph Bowman|Harry "Taco" Bowman]] after he began cooperating with police.<ref>[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/03/21/prosecutors-try-to-depose-the-top-outlaw/ Prosecutors try to depose the "top Outlaw'] Graham Brink, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (September 9, 2005)</ref><ref>[http://edition.cnn.com/US/9906/08/captured.fugitive/ FBI nabs alleged killer on Ten Most Wanted Fugitives list] [[CNN]] (June 9, 1999)</ref><ref>[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-11th-circuit/1435860.html ''United States of America v. Harry Bowman''] [[FindLaw]] (August 20, 2002)</ref> Cochran was indicted on murder, racketeering and narcotics trafficking charges in June 2001, and he remained a fugitive until being arrested for shoplifting in [[Evergreen Park, Illinois]] on April 23, 2017.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/suburbs/daily-southtown/ct-sta-outlaw-biker-arrest-st-0426-20170425-story.html Long-wanted fugitive nabbed in Evergreen Park] Mike Nolan, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (April 25, 2017)</ref> Two counts of homicide conspiracy against Cochran, including that of Quale, were dismissed after he pleaded guilty to racketeering conspiracy in October 2018.<ref>[https://www.fox6now.com/news/former-leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club-pleads-guilty-to-racketeering-conspiracy Former leader of Outlaws Motorcycle Club pleads guilty to racketeering conspiracy] [[WITI (TV)|Fox 6]] (October 2, 2018)</ref><ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/windy-city-biker-world-big-shot-orvie-the-anvil-cops-plea-outlaws-mc-boss-has-murder-beefs-dropped/ Windy City Biker World Big Shot Orvie The Anvil Cops Plea, Outlaws MC Boss Has Murder Beefs Dropped] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (October 3, 2018)</ref> James Lee "Frank" Wheeler, who succeeded Bowman as the Outlaws' international president, was acquitted of orchestrating Quale's death in a trial which resulted in his conviction for racketeering, conspiracy and obstruction of justice on September 30, 2003.<ref>[https://napavalleyregister.com/news/outlaws-motorcycle-club-leader-faces-federal-racketeering-trial-in-florida/article_323423b0-ab07-54fd-a32c-5d52d0089960.html Outlaws motorcycle club leader faces federal racketeering trial in Florida] Vickie Chachere, ''[[Napa Valley Register]]'' (August 18, 2003)</ref><ref>[https://apnews.com/article/87affaa1fbe9b11e0df187da790247d3 Outlaws Motorcycle Gang Leader Convicted] Vicki Chachere, [[Associated Press]] (September 30, 2003)</ref>

Rochester Hells Angels chapter members Patrick Lawless and James "Mitch" McAuley, Jr. were found in possession of two [[.357 Magnum]] handguns and a stolen [[.410 bore]] [[O.F. Mossberg & Sons|Mossberg]] shotgun while on route to kill members of the Kingsmen Motorcycle Club when they were stopped in a car by police in [[Granby, New York|Granby]] on August 23, 2005. The conflict with the [[Fulton, Oswego County, New York|Fulton]]-based Kingsmen, an Outlaws support club, emerged due to the Hells Angels' belief that the Outlaws were trying to establish a chapter within their sphere of influence.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/156033644/ Two plead guilty in Hells Angels case] ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (February 23, 2016)</ref> The HAMC considered the area between Rochester and [[Syracuse, New York|Syracuse]] their territory.<ref>[https://eu.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2016/02/21/rochester-hells-angels-criminal-case-may-ending-pleas-robert-moran-james-mcauley/80607964/ Hells Angels criminal case may be ending with pleas] Gary Craig, ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (February 21, 2016)</ref> McAuley pleaded guilty to conspiring to commit murder in aid of racketeering and was sentenced to eight years in prison on April 24, 2008. Lawless also pleaded guilty to participating in the scheme.<ref>[https://www.syracuse.com/news/2008/04/hells_angel_sentenced_after_tr.html Hells Angels member sentenced for planning to kill rivals] ''[[The Post-Standard]]'' (April 24, 2008)</ref>

=====The Breed=====
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706161/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1110225234/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1110228105/

Police suspected the Hells Angels in a failed firebombing of the clubhouse of the [[Long Island]] chapter of the [[Breed Motorcycle Club|Breed]] in [[Roosevelt, New York|Roosevelt]] in March 1971. The firebomb attack missed the target and burned down a home adjacent to the clubhouse.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/article/newsday-suffolk-edition/105310283/?locale=en-GB Police See LI Showdown In Gang Vengeance War] Jim O'Neil and Knut Royce, ''[[Newsday]]'' (April 12, 1971)</ref>

A confrontation between a group of approximately ten Hells Angels and two members of the [[Breed Motorcycle Club|Breed]] – Alfred Brechesi and Joseph Pascarella – on [[Staten Island]] on July 25, 1971 resulted in Brechesi being fatally shot and Pascarella being beaten and slashed. Three Hells Angels members – Anthony Morabito, John Scott and Howard "Howie" Weisbrod – were charged with assault.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/07/26/archives/cyclist-shot-dead-a-second-wounded-in-si-gang-fight.html Cyclist Shot Dead, A Second Wounded In S.I. Gang Fight] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 26, 1971)</ref>

=====Pagans=====
A member of the [[Pagan's Motorcycle Club|Pagans]] was shot and wounded during a fight involving Hells Angels and Pagans bikers at a tattoo parlor in [[Deer Park, New York|Deer Park]], Long Island in September 1994.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/474018591/ Cop put brake on biker riot] Michael S. C. Claffey, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (September 22, 1994)</ref>

Pagans member Robert "Mailman" Rutherford died from knife and bullet wounds, three people were wounded by gunfire, and at least seven others were stabbed and beaten after dozens of Pagans members from across the East Coast armed with baseball bats, clubs, knives and firearms ambushed Hells Angels at the Hellraiser Ball, a tattoo and motorcycle trade exposition sponsored by the Long Island chapter of the HAMC and held at a convention hall in [[Plainview, New York|Plainview]] on February 23, 2002.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2002/02/24/hellraisers-brawl-l-i-biker-gang-rumble-leaves-1-dead-10-hurt/ 'Hellraisers' brawl: L.I. biker-gang rumble leaves 1 dead, 10 hurt] Lisa Pulitzer, ''[[New York Post]]'' (February 24, 2002)</ref> Seventy-five people – seventy-three Pagans and two Hells Angels – were detained by police on charges of rioting in the first degree, attempted gang assault in the first degree, and weapons offenses.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30783986/2002/ Increase in biker battles feared] ''[[Billings Gazette]]'' (May 3, 2002)</ref> Long Island Hells Angels chapter secretary Raymond G. Dwyer was additionally charged with second-degree murder in Rutherford's death.<ref>[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/biker-killed-gang-fight-hellraiser-ball-9169461.html Biker killed in gang fight at Hellraiser Ball] Rupert Cornwell, ''[[The Independent]]'' (25 February 2002)</ref> Hundreds of weapons, including two shotguns, four handguns and a [[TEC-9]] machine pistol were also seized at the scene.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/1839426.stm US biker charged with murder] [[BBC]] (25 February 2002)</ref> The seventy-three arrested Pagans were indicted on federal racketeering charges on March 12.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/0c55b8d708bf33f146c9ba8a64ddfa3b Pagan Bikers Indicted in Brawl] Frank Eltman, [[Associated Press]] (March 13, 2002)</ref> The incident was related to a turf war between the clubs, which began when the Pagans' presence in New York was virtually eliminated by federal prosecutions against the club in 1998, allowing the Hells Angels to fill the power vacuum.<ref>[https://accesswdun.com/article/2002/2/202947 Pagans crashed Hellraiser Ball as part of turf war, authorities say] [[WDUN-FM]] (February 26, 2002)</ref> A number of incidents in the weeks prior, including a spate of defections by Pagans to the Hells Angels in Maryland and Pennsylvania, also precipitated the storming of the biker event.<ref>[https://www.mrt.com/news/article/Long-Island-Biker-Gangs-Clash-7776106.php Long Island Biker Gangs Clash] Frank Eltman, ''[[Midland Reporter-Telegram]]'' (March 1, 2002)</ref> The attack was organized and spearheaded by Dennis "Rooster" Katona, the Pagans' national treasurer and sergeant-at-arms of the club's [[Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania]] chapter. William "Tung Foo" Grayson and Richard "Fat Cat" Mahaffey of the Pagans' Virginia and Ohio factions, respectively, were identified in court documents as Katona's primary co-conspirators in the planning of the ambush.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/the-hellraiser-ball-brawl-rooster-katona-orchestrated-pagans-crashing-of-hells-angels-party/ The Hellraiser Ball Brawl: ‘Rooster’ Katona Orchestrated Pagan’s Crashing Of Hells Angels Party In 2000s] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (December 18, 2016)</ref> On March 5, a tattoo parlor in [[Philadelphia, Pennsylvania]] owned by Pagans member Joseph "Coney Island Joe" DeMatteo, who was among those arrested on Long Island, was firebombed in what authorities suspect was a retaliatory attack by the Hells Angels.<ref name="Police fear bombing of tattoo parlor related to biker gang war">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30784004/2002/ Police fear bombing of tattoo parlor related to biker gang war] ''[[Daily American]]'' (March 8, 2002)</ref><ref name="A Biker Shot Dead Is Laid to Rest, And a Bloody Turf War Rages On"/> Murder charges against Dwyer were dismissed on September 20 as prosecutors could not prove beyond a reasonable doubt that the shooting was not justified,<ref>[https://www.liherald.com/stories/angel-goes-free-da-drops-murder-charge-against-oside-biker,16044 Angel goes free DA drops murder charge against O'side biker] Cris Italia, ''[[Nassau Herald]]'' (September 26, 2002)</ref> and he pleaded guilty to a lesser charge of third-degree weapons possession.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210926194433/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/nyregion/murder-charges-are-dropped-in-motorcycle-gang-fight.html Murder Charges Are Dropped In Motorcycle Gang Fight] Elissa Gootman, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 20, 2002)</ref> Katona served sixty-three months in federal prison for his role in the attack.<ref>[https://archive.triblive.com/local/westmoreland/conviction-upheld-for-ex-pagans-leader-hempfield-resident/ Conviction upheld for ex-Pagans leader, Hempfield resident] Paul Peirce, ''[[Pittsburgh Tribune-Review]]'' (June 13, 2018)</ref>

====New York City chapter clubhouse incidents====
[[File:Hells Angels New York by David Shankbone.jpg|thumb|left|The former headquarters of the [[New York City]] chapter, in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] neighbourhood in [[Manhattan]].]]
A police raid on the East Village headquarters of the New York City Hells Angels chapter on March 18, 1972 resulted in five arrests and the seizure of guns, knives and explosive devices. The arrests of two HAMC members – Vincent "Big Vinnie" Girolamo and Anthony Morabito – and three women – Windy Stein, and sisters Mary and Janet Huber – were the climax of a week‐long investigation of the robbery and assault of a young [[Puerto Ricans|Puerto Rican]] man which took place in the vicinity of the Hells Angels' clubhouse on March 12.<ref>[http://deadsources.blogspot.com/2015/04/march-21-28-1972-academy-of-music-new.html The Grateful Hell's Angels] Ann Aboto, ''[[The Village Voice]]'' (March 30, 1972)</ref> Girolamo was charged with robbery and possession of brass knuckles and an imitation pistol, Stein with possession of a [[.38 caliber]] revolver and a machete, and Morabito and the Huber sisters with possession of a revolver, a bomb, a can of gunpowder and three incendiary flares.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1163179/the-lowell-sun/ Weapons snake found in Hell's Angels lair] ''[[The Sun (Lowell)|The Sun]]'' (March 19, 1972)</ref> Two twelve‐gauge shotguns and nearly a thousand rounds of ammunition, an assortment of knives and an illegal device for tapping telephone lines were also seized.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1972/03/19/archives/5-seized-in-raid-on-hells-angels-club.html 5 Seized in Raid on Hells Angels Club] George Goodman Jr., ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 19, 1972)</ref> Local residents at the time also reported that the Hells Angels had been responsible for numerous incidents of violence, threats and harassment against various, predominantly African American, motorists and passersby in the area during the previous two years.<ref>[https://www.documentcloud.org/documents/441043-hint-of-summer-stirs-fears-in-hells-angels.html Hint of Summer Stirs Fears in Hell’s Angels’ Neighbors] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 3, 1971)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230501215327/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/05/15/archives/4-in-hells-angels-held-in-beatings-father-and-son-are-injured-in-e.html?smid=tw-share

On March 4, 1978, HAMC New York City chapter sergeant-at-arms Vincent Girolamo was arrested following a six-month investigation and charged with the murder of his girlfriend Mary Ann Campbell, who he allegedly threw to her death from the roof of the chapter clubhouse on September 21, 1977.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/05/archives/alleged-head-of-motorcycle-gang-in-village-is-accused-of-murder.html Alleged Head of Motorcycle Gang In ‘Village’ Is Accused of Murder] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 5, 1978)</ref> Released on a $50,000 bail, Girolamo died on September 12, 1979 of complications from a ruptured spleen, believed to have been sustained in a fight with [[Oakland, California]] chapter member [[Michael O'Farrell (gangster)|Michael O'Farrell]].<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse">[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/03/nyregion/trouble-with-angels-motorcycle-gang-is-in-a-us-court-fight-over-its-clubhouse.html Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse] Richard Perez-Pena, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 3, 1994)</ref><ref>[http://www.georgechristie.com/blog/this-link-will-take-you-to-exile-on-front-street-untold-stories Updates, Anecdotes and Untold Stories] George Christie, georgechristie.com (January 13, 2018)</ref> He was laid to rest at [[Saint Raymond's Cemetery (Bronx)|Saint Raymond's Cemetery]] in [[the Bronx]], and his funeral was attended by Hells Angels from across the United States and Europe.<ref>[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2519&dat=19790917&id=-ONhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=cncNAAAAIBAJ&pg=2729,2337351 Hells Angels Is Buried Gang Style] ''[[Observer–Reporter]]'' (September 17, 1979)</ref>

Angar Hussan, a fourteen-year-old [[Bengalis|Bengali]] immigrant, died at the [[Beth Israel Medical Center]] on July 5, 1990, a day after he was struck in the throat by metal shards from an exploding steel garbage can while watching [[M-80 (explosive)|M-80]] firecrackers being set off at a [[Fourth of July]] block party sponsored by the Hells Angels outside the club's headquarters in the East Village. Three other bystanders were injured, two seriously.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/06/nyregion/youth-14-dies-after-fireworks-explode-in-can.html Youth, 14, Dies After Fireworks Explode in Can] Richard D. Lyons, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (July 6, 1990)</ref> HAMC members Anthony Morabito and John Tannuzzo were charged with second-degree murder in Hussan's death on October 22.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/23/nyregion/2-hell-s-angels-are-charged-in-death-of-14-year-old-boy.html 2 Hell's Angels Are Charged In Death of 14-Year-Old Boy] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 23, 1990)</ref> The motorcycle club as a corporation also was indicted on the charges.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/137412706/ Hell's Angels charged in July 4th explosion] ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (October 31, 1990)</ref> Of the two men charged with murder, one was convicted of criminally negligent homicide, and the case against the other was dismissed.<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse"/>

On January 28, 2007 a woman named Roberta Shalaby was found badly beaten on the sidewalk outside the Hells Angels' clubhouse in the Manhattan. The resulting investigation by the NYPD has been criticized by the group for its intensity. The police were refused access to the Hells Angels clubhouse and responded by closing off the area, setting up sniper positions, and sending in an [[armored personnel carrier]].<ref>{{Cite news|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080620021213/http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-hell013107%2C0%2C7706581.story |archive-date=June 20, 2008 |url=http://www.amny.com/news/local/am-hell013107,0,7706581.story |title=Hells Angels slam NYPD over clubhouse raid – Crime, Law and Justice, Manhattan, New York City Police Department |last=Silverman |first=Justin Rocket |date=January 31, 2007 |newspaper=[[AM New York]] |url-status=dead |df=mdy-all }}</ref> After obtaining a warrant, the police searched the clubhouse and arrested one Hells Angel who was later released. The group claims to have no connection with the beating of Shalaby. Five security cameras cover the entrance to the New York chapter's East Village headquarters, but the New York HAMC maintains nobody knows how Shalaby was beaten nearly to death at their front door. A club lawyer said they intended to sue the city of New York for false arrest and possible civil rights violations.<ref>{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2007/02/01/nyregion/01angels.html?ref=nyregion | work=The New York Times | title=After Police Search, Hells Angels Brace for Fight | first=Thomas J. | last=Lueck | date=February 1, 2007 | access-date=May 4, 2010}}</ref>

https://www.timeout.com/newyork/news/nycs-former-hells-angels-clubhouse-is-now-a-cool-new-tattoo-shop-121322

====Infighting====
The Hells Angels are suspected by law enforcement in the unsolved murder of club member James "Jimmy" Johnson.<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse"/> Johnson himself allegedly murdered a girlfriend of his and buried her remains at a property he owned in [[Stratford, New York|Stratford]]. He purportedly required treatment at a hospital in [[Utica, New York|Utica]] after sustaining a gunshot wound to the hand during his girlfriend's killing.<ref name="The Baddest Dude On The Tube">[http://www.thesmokinggun.com/documents/celebrity/baddest-dude-tube The Baddest Dude On The Tube] [[The Smoking Gun]] (November 24, 2000)</ref> Johnson was allegedly killed and dismembered by another Hells Angel, Herbert "One-Eye Bert" Kittel, in a dispute over drugs. Johnson's legs, arms and torso were found in various waterways around New York City in September 1981. Although Kittel was implicated in the murder by police informants, he was never charged with the crime due to a lack of evidence.<ref name="Angels & enemies">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706148/ Angels & enemies] ''[[The Standard-Star]]'' (August 23, 1987)</ref>


https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-honolulu-advertiser-cisco-valderrama/27074016/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230622214246/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/03/nyregion/trouble-with-angels-motorcycle-gang-is-in-a-us-court-fight-over-its-clubhouse.html

Ten men and four women were arrested, and two handguns, ammunition and other weapons were confiscated in an NYPD raid on the Hells Angels' Manhattan clubhouse on August 5, 1998. Charges of assault, robbery and weapons possession against twelve of the defendants were later dismissed. The search stemmed from a complaint the police received on July 29 from a man who claimed to have been assaulted and robbed of his motorcycle, keys, helmet and jacket inside the club's headquarters five days earlier. Despite being issued a warrant to search only the ground floor of the premises and an adjacent messenger service for a stolen [[Harley-Davidson]] motorcycle and related items, a team of more than fifty police officers, detectives and senior officials allegedly raided apartments on each floor of the six-story building, prompting several plaintiffs to file a lawsuit against the city of New York in December 1998. On March 18, 1999, the [[Mayoralty of Rudy Giuliani|Guiliani administration]] agreed settle the lawsuit out of court, paying $450,000 to seven Hells Angels members, including chapter president Bartley J. Dowling, and two of the bikers' girlfriends.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1999/04/03/nyregion/city-will-pay-hells-angels-to-settle-suit.html City Will Pay Hells Angels To Settle Suit] Benjamin Weiser, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (April 3, 1999)</ref>

Seven members of the Long Island Hells Angels chapter, including president Robert John "Bob" Maganza, were arrested on charges of first-degree robbery between May 1 and 3, 2002 in connection with an assault on a former member, who was allegedly robbed of jewelry and a motorcycle, and had his tattoos inked over inside the chapter clubhouse in [[Hempstead, New York|Hempsted]] in February 2002.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20210622084749/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/03/nyregion/7-hells-angels-face-charges-over-a-beating.html 7 Hells Angels Face Charges Over a Beating] Elissa Gootman, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 3, 2002)</ref> Police also seized $130,000 in cash, financial records, an Uzi submachine gun, two rifles, several shotguns, brass knuckles, knives and five motorcycles in raids conducted on members' homes and the clubhouse.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2002/05/03/six-hells-angels-nabbed-in-l-i-for-ongoing-cycle-of-violence/ Six Hells Angels nabbed in L.I. for ongoing 'cycle' of violence] Kieran Crowely, ''[[New York Post]]'' (May 3, 2002)</ref><ref>[https://www.liherald.com/stories/seven-hells-angels-arrested,16814 Seven Hell's Angels arrested] ''[[Nassau Herald]]'' (May 9, 2002)</ref>

Donald "Digger" Hansen
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491285662/

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/912/912.F2d.894.89-3235.html

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/511/364/1429826/

https://www.leagle.com/decision/198278989ad2d7001416

https://archive.ph/jcCRt

https://web.archive.org/web/20181116071312/https://www.timesunion.com/local/article/Troy-man-to-fight-order-to-testify-at-Hells-Angel-5155423.php

====Mick Jagger murder plot====
https://archive.ph/FOvqt

The New York Hells Angels attempted to kill singer [[Mick Jagger]] on at least two occasions due to a dispute over $50,000 in legal fees accrued by the HAMC in the aftermath of the [[death of Meredith Hunter]] at the December 6, 1969 [[Altamont Free Concert]] in [[Altamont, California]], where the club provided security for [[The Rolling Stones]] and other bands. Jagger and The Rolling Stones refused to pay the legal defense cost of Hells Angels member [[Alan Passaro]], who was charged with murdering Hunter, and sent a member of their security detail to the Hells Angels' New York City chapter clubhouse in the East Village to deliver a message of non-compliance. The bodyguard was allegedly pistol-whipped with his own weapon and ejected from the clubhouse after displaying a handgun.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/the-rolling-stones-vs-the-hells-angels-mick-jagger-dodged-murder-contract-from-mad-bikers-in-1970s/ The Rolling Stones Vs. The Hells Angels: Mick Jagger Dodged Murder Contract From Mad Bikers In 1970s] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (September 7, 2019)</ref> An initial attempt on Jagger's life during the New York City leg of the [[The Rolling Stones' Tour of the Americas '75|Tour of the Americas]] in June 1975 went awry when The Rolling Stones failed to check into a Manhattan hotel where a Hells Angels member armed with a [[Silencer (firearms)|silencer]]-equipped [[.22 caliber]] pistol was waiting to ambush the band.<ref name="Look Homeward Angel: Cycle Icon Sonny Barger Kick-Starts Life As A Free Man By Violating Parole"/> A subsequent plot to access Jagger's holiday home in [[the Hamptons]] on Long Island via boat and plant a bomb was also foiled after a rubber raft loaded with explosives was lost in the water as a result of a storm in 1979.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/mar/03/news Hells Angels attempt to kill Jagger foiled by weather] Sean Michaels, ''[[The Guardian]]'' (3 March 2008)</ref> The four-man assassination team was allegedly comprised of Sandy Alexander, Herbert Kittel, Michael Manfredonia and Michael Ciccetti.<ref>[https://www.klikk.no/produkthjemmesider/vimenn/reportasje/skulle-drepe-mick-jagger-3037566 Skulle drepe Mick Jagger] klikk.no (4 May 2017)</ref> Another Hells Angel, Cleveland chapter vice-president Clarence "Butch" Crouch, became a government informant in November 1981 and notified authorities of the plan. The ATF warned Jagger of the threat on his life and, despite his initial refusal, he then dispatched one of his security personnel to deliver $50,000 to the Hells Angels' Manhattan headquarters to cover Passaro's legal bill.<ref>[http://www.alternativenation.net/mick-jagger-allegedly-rejected-paying-expensive-bill/ Mick Jagger Allegedly Rejected Paying Expensive Bill] Brett Buchanan, AlternativeNation.net (September 8, 2019)</ref> Crouch recounted the events during his testimony to the [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary|Senate Judiciary Committee]] in [[Washington, D.C.]] on March 3, 1983.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/03/03/A-convicted-killer-testified-Thursday-the-Hells-Angels-motorcEle/9271415515600/ A convicted killer testified Thursday the Hell's Angels motorcycle gang has tried twice to kill rock star Mick Jagger, and predicted it 'will some day.'] Pye Chamberlayne, [[United Press International]] (March 3, 1983)</ref> He later died in a murder-suicide while in the Federal Witness Protection Program, shooting himself after killing his wife and stepson at their home in [[Avinger, Texas]] on July 8, 2013.<ref name="The Last Ride of a Cleveland Hells Angel Informant"/>

====Operation Roughrider====
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706148/

https://nyshistoricnewspapers.org/?a=d&d=ade19871218-01.1.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN----------

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/912/912.F2d.894.89-3235.html

The New York City chapter began manufacturing and distributing methamphetamine in mid-1978, with chapter president Sandy Alexander providing the drug formula, vice-president Howard Weisbrod supplying the [[phenylacetone]] used in the manufacturing process, and Paul Francis "K.C." Casey acting as the primary manufacturer. Alexander served as the chapter's president from its inception on December 5, 1969 until March 25, 1984, and also led the club's [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]] and European chapters. He was succeeded by William "Wild Bill" Medeiros, a founding member of the chapter who left the post after four months to resume the position of sergeant-at-arms. Casey then assumed the presidency. After some members became frustrated with restrictions on methamphetamine distribution imposed by senior members of the New York City faction, a New York [[Nomad (motorcycle club membership)|nomads]] chapter was formed on November 11, 1984 in order to distribute greater quantities of the drug than was permitted in the Manhattan chapter. The Mid-State chapter, based in Binghampton and Troy, obtained narcotics from members of the New York City branch.<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''">[https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar_case?case=15437841422346491263&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr ''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''] [[Google Scholar]] (September 14, 1994)</ref> According to federal documents, the club utilized an extensive counter-surveillance system to prevent law enforcement infiltration that may have included a contact in the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) and a federal prosecutor in [[Albany, New York|Albany]].<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/08/The-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang-had-an-extensive-counter-surveillance/2172484372800/ The Hells Angels motorcycle gang had an extensive counter-surveillance system that may have included a contact in the New York City Police Department and a federal prosecutor who used cocaine, a published report said today] [[United Press International]] (May 8, 1985)</ref> An FBI investigation of the Hells Angels codenamed Operation Roughrider commenced after Vernon Hartung, an inmate at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Petersburg|FCI Petersburg]] in Virginia, contacted the bureau and became a confidential informant. Following his release from prison on April 2, 1982, Hartung was introduced to [[San Francisco, California]] Hells Angels chapter president Gary Kautzman by Robert "Hoss" Hall, president of the [[Richmond, Virginia]]-based Confederate Angels Motorcycle Club. Along with undercover FBI agent Kevin P. Bonner, the informant met with Kautzman on the pretext of seeking authorization to establish a HAMC chapter in [[Baltimore, Maryland]], a ruse which allowed Bonner to infiltrate the club over a twenty-six month period. Beginning in March 1983, Bonner posed as a Baltimore drug dealer interested in purchasing methamphetamine and cocaine from the Hells Angels, and he made narcotics transactions with members of eleven chapters across the country, including New York City chapter president Sandy Alexander and Mid-State chapter vice-president James "Gorilla" Harwood.<ref name="Hells Angels arrested in drug raids">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/03/Hells-Angels-arrested-in-drug-raids/8402483940800/ Hells Angels arrested in drug raids] [[United Press International]] (May 3, 1985)</ref><ref name="Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'"/>

Operation Roughrider culminated with the arrests of 133 Hells Angels members and associates on racketeering and drug trafficking charges after over a thousand law enforcement personnel carried out approximately fifty coordinated raids in eleven states on May 2, 1985. $2.6 million in cocaine, marijuana, methamphetamine, hashish, PCP and LSD, as well as weapons including [[Uzi]] submachine guns and rocket launchers were seized.<ref name="FBI “Full Steam” On Hells Angels Crackdown"/> Fifteen of the arrests took place in the [[New York metropolitan area]], where the New York City chapter headquarters in Manhattan was raided, and at least one Uzi and an undetermined quantity of drugs were discovered.<ref name="100 Hells Angel members are arrested in drug sweep">[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/03/us/100-hells-angel-members-are-arrested-in-drug-sweep.html 100 Hells Angel members are arrested in drug sweep] Leslie Maitland Werner, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 3, 1985)</ref> A further nineteen club members and associates were taken into custody in [[Albany County, New York|Albany]] and [[Broome County, New York|Broome]] counties.<ref name="Broome bikers, friends charged"/><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/347045860/ 19 members of Hell's Angels indicted for drugs, extortion] ''[[The Post-Star]]'' (May 11, 1985)</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/256914949/ Hell's Angels bail] ''[[Press & Sun-Bulletin]]'' (November 3, 1985)</ref> Arrest warrants were also issued for two club members, Herbert Kittel and New York nomads chapter president Chuck Zito, who were working as bodyguards for [[Bon Jovi]] on tour in Japan at the time. Kittel and Zito surrendered to the [[Embassy of the United States, Tokyo|United States Embassy in Tokyo]] on July 22 after they were the subject of a nationwide dragnet by Japanese police at the request of the FBI.<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-10-14-mn-14924-story.html Japan to Extradite Two Hells Angels in Narcotics Case] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (October 14, 1985)</ref> On October 14, the [[Tokyo High Court]] approved an extradition request by U.S. authorities,<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/10/14/Japan-to-grant-extradition-of-Hells-Angels/9545498110400/ Japan to grant extradition of Hells Angels] [[United Press International]] (October 14, 1985)</ref> and, after detaining the pair in a [[Tokyo]] prison for four months, the Japanese [[Ministry of Justice (Japan)|Ministry of Justice]] released them into the custody of [[United States Department of Justice|U.S. Justice Department]] officials in Tokyo on October 26.<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/a66265e98a05b872e2b278f6793ad62d Americans Wanted in New York Extradited to U.S.] [[Associated Press]] (October 26, 1985)</ref> Medeiros was a fugitive from justice until October 1985.<ref name="''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''"/> He, along with Harwood and John Miller, subsequently agreed to cooperate with the government and entered the Federal Witness Protection Program.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491623615/ An insider's view of the Hell's Angels] Alex Micheuni, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 19, 1987)</ref>

On December 12, 1985, Alexander and Weisbrod, a [[Jews|Jewish]] Hells Angel,<ref>[https://observer.com/2019/03/jewish-bikers-outlaw-motorcycle-clubs-hells-angels-hillels-angels/ From Hells Angels to Hillel’s Angels: Inside the World of Jewish Bikers] Harmon Leon, ''[[The New York Observer]]'' (March 27, 2019)</ref> pleaded guilty to federal narcotics distribution charges, while chapter secretary Charles Neuman pleaded guilty to conspiracy.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27432171/sandy-alexander/ Angels admit guilt] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (December 13, 1985)</ref> Alexander was sentenced to sixteen years' imprisonment on February 13, 1986 and was paroled from prison in August 1993.<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse"/> On March 27, 1986, Mid-State members Kim D. "Mr. Fun" DiLuzio and Ronald G. "Big Cheese" Cheeseman were sentenced to fifteen and twenty-six years' imprisonment, respectively, after pleading guilty to federal racketeering and narcotics conspiracy charges. Three associates – Janet "Puffy" Beam Cheeseman, James Lee "The Mayor" Farrigan and Richard D. "Piggy" Cirzeveto – were also given sentences of two, fifteen and eighteen years for drug trafficking and extortion.<ref>[https://www.leagle.com/decision/1986821783f2d381810 ''United States of America v. Ronald G. Cheeseman''] leagle.com (November 21, 1985)</ref> Cheeseman, president of the Binghamton and Mid-State chapters, was sentenced on April 1, 1986 to an additional six-to-eighteen-year sentence, to run concurrently, after pleading guilty to first-degree sodomy, a charge stemming from a video cassette showing him engaged in sexual acts with a seven-year-old boy and an eleven-year-old girl found when federal, state and local authorities searched his residence.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/257449271/ Cheeseman sentenced for sodomy] Keith George, ''[[Press & Sun-Bulletin]]'' (April 2, 1986)</ref> The same day, seven other HAMC members and associates – Orville Deitz, Philip Kramer, Raymond "Butch" Lindsay, John LoFranco, Patti Milhomme Root, Maureen "Mo" Pompey and Martin "Tiny" Pulver – were sentenced to prison terms of between six months and twenty-three years in the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of New York|U.S. District Court for the Northern District of New York]] in Albany after pleading guilty to various federal charges.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/257449271/ 7 gang associates sentenced] ''[[Press & Sun-Bulletin]]'' (April 2, 1986)</ref> LoFranco, a professional boxer and high-ranking member of the Hells Angels' nomads chapter, had pled guilty to three conspiracy counts, for racketeering, narcotics and extortion conspiracy, on February 3, 1986,<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/986/796/1459275/ ''John B. LoFranco v. United States Parole Commission''] [[Justia]] (November 26, 1997)</ref> and was paroled from prison in 1994 after serving nine years of a twenty-three-year sentence.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/11/01/Hells-Angel-challenges-parole-clause/7385815202000/ Hell's Angel challenges parole clause] Tracey L. Miller, [[United Press International]] (November 1, 1995)</ref><ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/09/26/Arguments-in-Hells-Angels-parole-case/7619843710400/ Arguments in Hells Angels parole case] Tracey L. Miller, [[United Press International]] (September 26, 1996)</ref> Zito pleaded guilty to one felony drug count in late 1986 and was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment. His sentence was reduced to seven years' in 1988,<ref name="The Baddest Dude On The Tube"/> and he ultimately served six years in federal prison.<ref name="''Street Justice'' by Chuck Zito with Joe Layden">[https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/chuck-zito/street-justice/ ''Street Justice'' by Chuck Zito with Joe Layden] ''[[Kirkus Reviews]]'' (August 1, 2002)</ref> Casey pleaded guilty to conspiracy, manufacturing and distribution on November 2, 1987. Brendan Manning, who succeeded Casey as New York City chapter president, was convicted on December 11, 1987 of conspiracy and distribution of methamphetamine.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/12/11/The-president-of-the-New-York-City-chapter-of/6235566197200/ The president of the New York City chapter of the Hells Angels motorcycle club was convicted in federal court Friday of conspiracy and distribution of an illegal substance, methamphetamine or 'crank.'] William M. Reilly, [[United Press International]] (December 11, 1987)</ref>

In an effort to seize the Hells Angels' New York City chapter clubhouse, the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] filed a complaint against the building on May 1, 1985, alleging that it was subject to forfeiture under federal drug forfeiture laws, which had been amended by [[United States Congress|Congress]] on October 12, 1984, to permit forfeiture of real property used for narcotics-related activities.<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse"/> Sandy Alexander, his wife Colette Alexander and the Church of Angels – a moniker under which the HAMC was incorporated as a nonprofit religious organization in New York state<ref>[https://www.amny.com/news/hells-angels-ex-clubhouse-now-a-hot-property/ Hells Angels ex-clubhouse now a hot property] Mary Reinholz, ''[[AM New York Metro]]'' (March 26, 2019)</ref> – subsequently intervened as claimants in the action. On February 4, 1994, after an approximately five-week trial, a jury returned a verdict in favor of the claimants, who they determined had proven that the premises was not used, or intended to be used, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, a felony drug violation between October 12, 1984 and May 2, 1985.<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''"/>


https://web.archive.org/web/20211002194955/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/03/nyregion/trouble-with-angels-motorcycle-gang-is-in-a-us-court-fight-over-its-clubhouse.html

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/472094587/

https://nypost.com/2019/02/22/hells-angels-are-selling-their-les-clubhouse/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/468947542/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/472196460/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/706905270/

====Drug trafficking====
In the spring of 1993, Lee Carter, Jr., who worked as a bartender at a bowling alley in [[Rouses Point, New York|Rouses Point]], was offered the opportunity to work as a drug courier for members of the Hells Angels' nomads chapter in Quebec, Canada by smuggling cocaine from New York to [[Montreal]]. Carter accepted the offer but then alerted police and agreed to become an undercover informant for the federal government as part of a [[sting operation]] which resulted in several Hells Angels members being charged with conspiracy to smuggle fifty-four kilograms of cocaine into Canada. On July 28, 1993, Carter was killed outside his workplace when his car exploded as a result of a bomb planted below the driver's seat. At the time, all co-defendants except Richard "Rick" Vallée had pled guilty and all refused to cooperate. The cocaine charges against Vallée were dismissed following Carter's death.<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/us-v-vallee-3 ''United States v. Richard Vallée''] casetext.com (April 10, 2008)</ref> Vallée was arrested in Quebec on suspicion of Carter's murder in April 1995. While awaiting extradition to the United States in June 1997, he escaped during a hospital visit in Montreal after he and three accomplices subdued a guard and fled on stolen motorcycles. Vallée absconded to Costa Rica and remained a fugitive until he was apprehended in Montreal on April 11, 2003.<ref>[https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/montreal-police-arrest-most-wanted-fugitive/article1159974/ Montreal police arrest most-wanted fugitive] Tu Thanh Ha, ''[[The Globe and Mail]]'' (19 April 2003)</ref> Following his extradition to the U.S. in 2006, Vallée was convicted of murdering Carter in September 2007. On April 14, 2008, he was sentenced to life imprisonment and ordered to pay more than $900,000 in restitution to Carter's family.<ref>[https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna24115147 Hells Angel sentenced to life for car bombing] [[NBC News]] (April 15, 2008)</ref>

A methamphetamine trafficking network controlled by members and associates of the Hells Angels' Rochester chapter, which operated in Western New York from 2002 through July 9, 2010, was dismantled after an investigation by the FBI, the [[Drug Enforcement Administration]] (DEA), the NYSP, the [[Genesee County Sheriff's Office (New York)|Genesee County Sheriff's Office]], the [[Batavia, New York|City of Batavia]] Police Department, and the [[Le Roy, New York|Village of LeRoy]] Police Department. James Henry McAuley, Jr., the vice-president of the Rochester chapter and the leader of the drug ring, was sentenced to twenty-five years in prison in July 2016. Richard W. Mar, the former president of the club's [[Monterey, California]] chapter who supplied the Rochester Hells Angels with methamphetamine and trafficked the drug to New York from California, was sentenced to ten years in federal prison in August 2016.<ref>[https://www.thedailynewsonline.com/bdn01/last-hells-angel-sentenced-for-local-meth-operation-20160817&& Last Hell’s Angel sentenced for local meth operation] ''[[The Daily News (Batavia)]]'' (August 17, 2016)</ref> Rochester Hells Angels members Richard E. Riedman and Jeffrey A. Tyler, and three associates – Donna Boon (McAuley's wife), Gordon Montgomery and Paul Griffin – pleaded guilty to drug trafficking offenses based on their roles in the conspiracy; Riedman was sentenced to thirty-seven months in prison, Tyler to eighteen months in prison, Boon to three years probation and twelve months of home incarceration, Montgomery to sixty months in prison, and Griffin to probation. Additionally, Rochester Hells Angels member Robert W. "Bugsy" Moran, Jr. was sentenced to eighteen months in prison after pleading guilty to armed assault in relation to a baseball bat beating of a bar patron who made disparaging comments about the club on May 31, 2006. Gina Tata, a bartender who phoned the Hells Angels and informed them of the patron's remarks, was sentenced to three years probation.<ref>[https://www.syracuse.com/state/2016/02/hells_angels_member_63_admits_beating_rochester_bar_patron_who_insulted_club.html Hells Angels member, 63, admits beating Rochester bar patron who insulted club] ''[[The Post-Standard]]'' (February 25, 2016)</ref> Timothy M. Stone was also sentenced to twelve months in prison on charges related to the case.<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/usao-wdny/pr/hell-s-angels-member-sentenced-25-years-prison-methamphetamine-trafficking Hell’s Angels Member Sentenced To 25 Years In Prison For Methamphetamine Trafficking] Barbara Burns, [[justice.gov]] (July 13, 2016)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Reputed-New-York-mob-lawyer-represents-man-2202773.php Reputed New York mob lawyer represents man charged in Danbury drug ring] Dirk Perrefort, ''[[The News-Times]]'' (October 4, 2011)</ref>

====Other incidents====
Eight Hells Angels members, who were in New York City to attend the funeral of murdered club member Jeffrey "Groover" Coffey, were arrested on suspicion of the March 10, 1971 gang rape of a seventeen-year-old girl in a leather goods store in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]], Manhattan. The bikers allegedly returned to the store, owned by Eugene Pritzert, to pick up goods they had ordered the day before. When Pritzert told them the goods were not ready, they began abusing him, waking Pritzert's girlfriend who was asleep in the rear of the store. While some members guarded the store owner, others took turns beating and raping the girl. After approximately six hours, Pritzert managed to escape and alerted police. The girl identified her alleged attackers in a [[police lineup]].<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/12/archives/some-praise-won-by-hells-angels-local-group-helpful-but-visitors.html Some praise won by hews angels] Paul L. Montgomery, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 12, 1971)</ref> The eight men – Robert Cardner, Robert Marshall and Car Paretta from Massachusetts, Thomas Fusco, Edward Robinson and Kevin Seymour from New York state, Kurt Groudle from Ohio, and James Ordfield from New York City – were charged with rape, sodomy, unlawful imprisonment and criminal trespassing.<ref>[http://www.documentcloud.org/documents/441039-8-hells-angels-charged-in-attack-on-girl-17.html 8 Hell’s Angels Charged in Attack on Girl, 17] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (March 11, 1971)</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/464043824/ Cops Grab 8 Hell's Angels In Torture-Rape of Girl, 17] Patrick Doyle and Harry Stathos, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (March 11, 1971)</ref>

On February 3, 1974, four HAMC members – James Allen, Herbert Reynolds Kittel, Michael Manfredonia and Charles Thompson – were arrested and charged with assaulting Harold Mason, who had previously worked undercover for the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]]' (ATF) [[Seattle, Washington]] office against the Hells Angels on the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]], after he left a bar in [[Lower Manhattan]]. Mason was hospitalized in critical condition at [[Bellevue Hospital]], suffering from concussion and several cracked ribs. The alleged beating occurred hours after Mason had reported seeing a machine gun at the Hells Angels' clubhouse during a visit to the premises.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/02/04/archives/four-hells-angels-seized-in-beating-of-a-coast-man.html Four Hell's Angels Seized in Beating Of a Coast Man] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 4, 1974)</ref>

Hells Angels member Michael "Mike the Bike" Cicchetti was hospitalized after suffering gunshot wounds of the abdomen during a fight at a bar in [[Bay Ridge, Brooklyn|Bay Ridge]], [[Brooklyn]] on October 3, 1974, which left a barman, Frank "Frankie Skid" Nocera, dead, having been shot once in the head, once in the chest, and having suffered six stab wounds. Three others – Enrico Delimonte, Carmine Fergone and bar manager Frank Scotto – were also hospitalized with knife and gunshot wounds. Michael Cicchetti's brother, Thomas, was charged with Nocera's homicide.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/492009370/ Man Charged in Murder After Bay Ridge Bar Row] Bryant Mason, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 5, 1974)</ref> Thomas Cicchetti was convicted of second-degree murder and criminal possession of a weapon in the second degree on January 15, 1976.<ref>[https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar_case?case=7801528670142099114&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr ''The People of the State of New York v. Thomas Cicchetti''] [[Google Scholar]] (January 17, 1977)</ref><ref>[https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar_case?case=16261164249893659754&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr ''The People of the State of New York v. Thomas Cicchetti''] [[Google Scholar]] (May 2, 1978)</ref> Michael Cicchetti was killed at the age of fifty-eight when he was thrown from his [[Harley-Davidson]] motorcycle after hitting a raised manhole cover on a road in [[Sunset Park, Brooklyn|Sunset Park]], Brooklyn on June 3, 2004.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2004/06/04/hells-angel-dies-as-bike-hits-road-rut/ Hells Angel dies as bike hits road rut] Hasani Gittens, ''[[New York Post]]'' (June 4, 2004)</ref>

College student Bruce Meyer was shot five times in the head at [[point-blank range]] with a .22 caliber handgun fitted with a silencer in the parking lot of his apartment building in [[Brewster, New York|Brewster]] on December 14, 1975.<ref name="Suspect in Slaying Of 2 Hell's Angels Killed With Shotgun"/> Law enforcement sources stated that Meyer was murdered by the former president of the Connecticut Hells Angels chapter in retaliation for him killing a Hells Angels member in a car crash on July 3, 1975.<ref name="''The Angels Do Not Forget''"/>

In 1977, an explosion of undetermined origin damaged the clubhouse of the Mid-State Hells Angels chapter in [[Binghamton, New York|Binghamton]] and six other buildings.<ref name="Broome bikers, friends charged"/>

[[Chuck Zito]] was allegedly initiated into the New York City Hells Angels chapter in May 1979 after he and another club member, Philip "Lightfoot" Kramer, used a remote-controlled device to detonate [[C-4 (explosive)|C-4]] explosives attached to a vehicle belonging to [[Queens]] pizzeria owner Robert Giangarra, who survived without serious injury. According to Hells Angel-turned-FBI informant John Joseph "Pirate" Miller, Giangarra was targeted by the HAMC after shooting and wounding club member Cortland "Chip" Candow in a bar in Manhattan. Neither Zito or Kramer were charged with the bombing.<ref name="The Baddest Dude On The Tube"/>

In August 1979, a Hells Angels member exchanged gunfire with an unidentified man in Binghampton.<ref name="Broome bikers, friends charged"/>

Hells Angels members Michael Manfredonio, Michael Cicchetti, John B. "The Baptist" LoFranco and Augustine L. Casey were arrested by the [[New York State Police]] (NYSP) at the main gate of [[Great Meadow Correctional Facility]] on weapons, narcotics, and prison contraband charges in connection with a [[.32 caliber]] handgun and a quantity of cocaine on May 3, 1979.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27208196/the-post-star/ State police report arrests near prison] Lee Coleman, ''[[The Post-Star]]'' (May 4, 1979)</ref>

Police raids on five Rochester homes belonging to Hells Angels members on August 15, 1980 resulted in the arrests of six people and the confiscation of suspected drugs, at least thirty-five weapons, a stolen car and eighteen venomous snakes.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1980/08/17/archives/six-in-hells-angels-are-arrested.html Six in Hell's Angels Are Arrested] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 17, 1980)</ref> Each of the arrested was charged with possessing illegal weapons, and Rochester chapter president Robert H. "Blackfoot" Turner was also charged with possession of stolen property and four tabs of LSD. The raids took place after police received information on criminal activity from a confidential informant, believed to be an expelled former member of the club.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/83302702/democrat-and-chronicle/ Angels think they get an unfair rap from police, society] Richard Zitrin and Sherry Jacobson, ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (August 23, 1980)</ref> Turner died of heart failure at the age of forty-three on August 18, 1990.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/137546663/ Bob Turner obituary] ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (August 22, 1990)</ref><ref>[https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10919403/bob-h_blackfoot_-turner Bob H. "Blackfoot" Turner] [[Find a Grave]] (May 5, 2005)</ref> His funeral was attended by more than eight-hundred people, including Hells Angels from around the country.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138506060/ Cops ready for biker funeral] Sean McNamara, ''[[Democrat and Chronicle]]'' (September 29, 1994)</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27431884/sandy-alexander-ha/

https://casetext.com/case/in-the-matter-of-biganini-v-gallagher

https://www.justice.gov/usao-edwi/pr/outlaw-motorcycle-gang-member-run-17-years-arrested-mexico

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT87&lpg=PT87&dq=hells+angels+brewster+ny+1975&source=bl&ots=GBQ7xDoAgR&sig=ACfU3U3K8p9C-vhh9JTb_F-hNLLxI9LCGQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiRo5zk5KrrAhXVQUEAHXp8CecQ6AEwH3oECAEQAQ#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20brewster%20ny%201975&f=false
https://www.waff.com/story/6023862/ny-hells-angels-say-groups-being-unfairly-targeted-after-beaten-woman-found-on-doorstep/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/156033644/

<ref>[https://people.com/archive/there-goes-the-neighborhood-gangs-of-yuppies-move-onto-the-turf-of-new-yorks-hells-angels-vol-28-no-10/ There Goes the Neighborhood: Gangs of Yuppies Move Onto the Turf of New York's Hells Angels] James S. Kunen, ''[[People (magazine)|People]]'' (September 7, 1987)</ref>

<ref name="''United States v. Robert P. Moran''"/>

<ref>[https://www.dnainfo.com/new-york/20161213/east-village/hells-angels-biker-club-ecb-summons-issued-street-obstruction/ Police Raid Hells Angels Clubhouse After Shooting Over Traffic Cone] Allegra Hobbs, ''[[DNAinfo]]'' (December 13, 2016)</ref>

<ref>[https://nypost.com/2018/12/31/deliveryman-beaten-after-parking-in-front-of-hells-angels-clubhouse/ Deliveryman beaten after parking in front of Hells Angels clubhouse] Tina Moore and Stephanie Pagones, ''[[New York Post]]'' (December 31, 2018)</ref>

<ref name="Six Members And Associates Of The Hells Angels Charged In White Plains Federal Court With Racketeering, Narcotics, And Money Laundering Offenses"/>

https://eu.lohud.com/story/news/crime/2018/02/23/hells-angels-gang-member-new-rochelle-wanted/366864002/
https://talkofthesound.com/2020/08/09/fbi-posts-reward-for-new-rochelle-man-hells-angels-member-known-as-crazy-chris/

<ref>[https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/farewell-to-the-hells-angels Farewell to the Hells Angels] Marjorie Ingall, ''[[Tablet (magazine)|Tablet]]'' (March 12, 2019)</ref>

https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/hells-angels-pagans-bronx-violence

https://hudsonvalleypost.com/2-hells-angels-gangsters-arrested-in-hudson-valley/

===North Carolina===
There are three Hells Angels chapters in North Carolina, located in [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], [[Fayetteville, North Carolina|Fayetteville]] and [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]].<ref>[https://nc.prelawland.com/post/174637601537/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-nc-hells-angels-and Outlaw motorcycle gangs in NC: Hells Angels and Mongols] Anna Hill, prelawland.com (June 10, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320203529/https://nc.prelawland.com/post/174637601537/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-nc-hells-angels-and |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref> The first chapter in the state was founded in Durham on July 24, 1973.<ref name="''Charlotte True Crime Stories: Notorious Cases from Fraud to Serial Killing''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Y8WnDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA60&lpg=PA60&dq=Tyler+Duris+%22Yank%22+Frndak&source=bl&ots=X0PQGS68a-&sig=ACfU3U09fUK7rvQvJxf87VAQSDOimZxqPg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj4zcOk1sPqAhXcQEEAHTcrD3AQ6AEwAHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=Tyler%20Duris%20%22Yank%22%20Frndak&f=false ''Charlotte True Crime Stories: Notorious Cases from Fraud to Serial Killing''] Cathy Pickens (2019)</ref> The HAMC is involved in the transportation and distribution of narcotics, primarily cocaine, methamphetamine and marijuana, in North Carolina.<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3690/overview.htm ''North Carolina Drug Threat Assessment''] [[National Drug Intelligence Center]], [[justice.gov]] (April 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320204732/https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3690/overview.htm |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref> The drugs are typically transported into the state from the [[Southwestern United States|southwestern U.S.]], and distributed at wholesale quantities to a network of support clubs and female associates, who then oversee distribution at the retail level from motorcycle shops, exotic dance clubs, bars, and tattoo parlors.<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3690/cocaine.htm ''North Carolina Drug Threat Assessment'': Cocaine] [[National Drug Intelligence Center]], [[justice.gov]] (April 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320210024/https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3690/cocaine.htm |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

====Rise and fall of the Charlotte chapter====
This was then followed by the [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]] chapter, which was chartered on October 19, 1978 and was formed by Michael Franklin "Thunder" Finazzo – a member of the Hells Angels' elite "Filthy Few" from [[Omaha, Nebraska]] – and others. Charlotte was home to numerous motorcycle gangs at the time, including the Outlaws, but under Finazzo's leadership, the Hells Angels were able to take control of much of the city's criminal rackets and operated drug, prostitution and motorcycle theft rings throughout the state.<ref name="''Charlotte True Crime Stories: Notorious Cases from Fraud to Serial Killing''"/> During the Hells Angels' international rally held at a private campground on [[Kerr Lake]] on July 4, 1981, journalists covering the event for ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'' were assaulted by Hells Angels members. Staff reporters Robin Clark and Tex O'Neill were punched and photographer Mark Sluder was forced to turn over his film at knifepoint.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/07/05/The-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang-wrapped-up-its-international/1595363153600/ The Hell's Angels motorcycle gang wrapped up its international rally Sunday with authorities reporting no incidents] [[United Press International]] (July 5, 1981)</ref> The attack was stopped when O'Neill alerted FBI agents who were also observing the rally.<ref>[https://www.charlotteobserver.com/entertainment/tv/media-scene-blog/article27239317.html When bikers rode roughshod in Charlotte] Mark Washburn, ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'' (July 14, 2015)</ref> Michael Finazzo and his lieutenant Tyler Duris "Yank" Frndak were found shot dead and stuffed in the trunk of an [[Oldsmobile 88]] in [[Randolph County, North Carolina|Randolph County]] on September 26, 1981. At the time, Finazzo was considered by police to be among the ten most powerful members of the club. Although the murders remain unsolved,<ref>[https://www.courier-tribune.com/article/20141226/NEWS/312269780 Ramseur biker slayings remain mystery] ''[[The Courier-Tribune]]'' (December 26, 2014)</ref> police believe that the killings were related to a feud with the Outlaws<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/10/02/Bikers-feud-blamed-for-double-slaying/5757370843200/ Bikers' feud blamed for double slaying] Dan Lohwasser, [[United Press International]] (October 2, 1981)</ref> or a power struggle within the Hells Angels.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/hutchinson-news-nov-17-1981-p-120/ Outlaw motorcycle gangs work like mob families] Dan Lohwasser, ''[[The Hutchinson News]]'' (November 17, 1981)</ref> Club members from across the United States, as well as Canada, Denmark, England and the Netherlands, attended the burials of both men, which took place in [[Marshville, North Carolina|Marshville]] on October 1, 1981. Finazzo's successor as chapter president, Fred Martin Scarnechia, and another Hells Angel, Thomas Lee Campbell, pistol-whipped undercover DEA agent John Landrum amidst a scuffle during a drug deal sting operation, in which Scarnechia was also stabbed, at Scarnechia's home in [[Fort Mill, South Carolina]] on July 27, 1982.<ref name="Undercover drug agents arrested a Hell's Angels motorcycle gang leader after a tussle Wednesday, then called in Army bomb experts to search a warehouse they believed was loaded with arms and ammunition and booby-trapped with explosives">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/07/28/Undercover-drug-agents-arrested-a-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang/3631396676800/ Undercover drug agents arrested a Hell's Angels motorcycle gang leader after a tussle Wednesday, then called in Army bomb experts to search a warehouse they believed was loaded with arms and ammunition and booby-trapped with explosives] Candee Wilde, [[United Press International]] (July 28, 1982)</ref> Authorities then obtained warrants to search a storage unit in nearby [[Rock Hill, South Carolina]], where they uncovered a booby-trapped stockpile of weapons consisting of [[C-4 (explosive)|C-4]] explosive, grenades, ammunition and two fully-automatic submachine guns equipped with [[Silencer (firearms)|silencers]]. The ATF was called in to investigate the seizure, and an explosive ordnance disposal unit from the [[Fort Jackson (South Carolina)|Fort Jackson]] Army base was required to disarm the trap.<ref name="Agents find stockpile of weapons">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/07/29/Agents-find-stockpile-of-weapons/3300396763200/ Agents find stockpile of weapons] Candee Wilde, [[United Press International]] (July 29, 1982)</ref> Scarnechia and Campbell were sentenced to five years in prison for assaulting the federal agent on January 6, 1983.<ref name="Hell's Angels sentenced in assault case">[https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19830107&id=9kMsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4M4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2419,1288650&hl=en Hell's Angels sentenced in assault case] ''[[Spartanburg Herald-Journal]]'' (January 7, 1983)</ref> The Charlotte chapter was at one point the Hells Angels' largest on the east coast, with approximately a dozen members and numerous associates, but was disbanded after its position became precarious following the murders of Finazzo and Frndak, and the imprisonment of Scarnechia. The chapter clubhouse, known as "the Bunker", was burned down in a suspected arson attack on August 12, 1985. Investigators believe that the Hells Angels themselves destroyed the property before their departure.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/wilson-daily-times-aug-15-1985-p-5/ Bikers’ Clubhouse Vacated, Destroyed] ''[[Wilson Times]]'' (August 15, 1985)</ref>

====Operation CACUS====
In early 1987, Durham Hells Angels chapter president Lawrence Dean "Chitlin" Lenihan was approached at a club function in [[Charleston, South Carolina]] by Anthony John Tait, the sergeant-at-arms of the [[Anchorage, Alaska]] chapter who was seeking weaponry such as antitank rockets, automatic weapons and explosives. Tait had been appointed by the club to coordinate a plan of retaliation against the Outlaws after Anchorage HAMC chapter president John Cleve Webb was shot dead by Outlaws members in [[Jefferson County, Kentucky]] on August 12, 1986. Tait, however, had become a paid FBI informant in 1984 and was supplying the bureau with information concerning the Hells Angels' illegal activities. Lenihan directed him to Durham chapter treasurer Timothy Jay "Tiny" Blackwell, who – along with another Hells Angel, Larry William White – supplied Tait with five pounds of C-4 plastic explosives and eight [[blasting cap]]s during a subsequent meeting in Durham.<ref name="''United States of America v. Timothy Jay Blackwell, Lawrence Dean Lenihan, Larry William White''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/946/1049/421860/ ''United States of America v. Timothy Jay Blackwell, Lawrence Dean Lenihan, Larry William White''] [[Justia]] (July 10, 1991)</ref> Operation CACUS, a two-year [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) investigation aided by Tait's efforts, resulted in 38 Hells Angels in five states being arrested on drugs, weapons, explosives and conspiracy charges on November 10, 1987.<ref name="Overview"/> Blackwell, Lenihan and White were charged with acquiring explosive devices and with conspiring to use the explosive with intent to kill or intimidate members of the Outlaws.<ref name="38 Hells Angels Arrested In ‘Operation Roughrider’"/> Although the trio were scheduled to be extradited to [[Louisville, Kentucky]] to stand trial at the [[United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky|District Court for the Western District of Kentucky]], the case was later transferred to the [[United States District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina|District Court for the Middle District of North Carolina]] after the conspiracy charges were dismissed.<ref>[https://www.courtlistener.com/opinion/539833/united-states-v-timothy-jay-blackwell-aka-tiny-lawrence-dean-lenihan/ ''United States v. Timothy Jay Blackwell, Lawrence Dean Lenihan, Larry William White''] [[Court Listener]] (July 24, 1990)</ref> Blackwell, Lenihan and White were each convicted of one count of distributing explosives to an unlicensed person not residing in the state in which the distributor resides, and one count of possessing an unregistered firearm.<ref name="''United States of America v. Timothy Jay Blackwell, Lawrence Dean Lenihan, Larry William White''"/> Tait would later allege that the Hells Angels put a $1 million bounty on his life.<ref name="Names Of Hells Angels Jurors To Be Kept Secret"/>

<ref>[https://greensboro.com/ex-hells-angel-tells-of-bomb-deal-greensboro-court-heavily-guarded/article_5b5f03d5-3ee9-5186-b596-7e635590d9fd.html Ex-Hell's Angel tells of bomb deal, Greensboro court heavily guarded] Dawn DeCwiekel-Kane, ''[[News & Record]]'' (September 17, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320195643/https://greensboro.com/ex-hells-angel-tells-of-bomb-deal-greensboro-court-heavily-guarded/article_5b5f03d5-3ee9-5186-b596-7e635590d9fd.html |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://greensboro.com/3-hells-angels-convicted-on-explosives-charges/article_6e22f8bf-e788-57e8-864e-32a9e691262a.html 3 Hell's Angels convicted on explosives charges] Bernie Woodall, ''[[News & Record]]'' (September 20, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320201253/https://greensboro.com/3-hells-angels-convicted-on-explosives-charges/article_6e22f8bf-e788-57e8-864e-32a9e691262a.html |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

Charles Terry Norman, a [[Winston-Salem, North Carolina|Winston-Salem]] Hells Angels chapter officer, began cooperating with the United States government in late 1989 and provided testimony which helped secure the June 1992 interstate drug trafficking conviction of Odis "Buck" Garrett, the president of the HAMC's [[Vallejo, California]]-based [[Nomad (motorcycle club membership)|nomads]] chapter who oversaw what prosecutors described as the largest methamphetamine manufacturing and distribution case in the U.S.<ref name="''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''"/> Norman testified that he made arrangements for the delivery of eleven pounds of Garrett's drugs to North Carolina. Garrett was sentenced to life in prison without possibility of parole on September 28, 1992.<ref name="''United States of America v. Odis Buck Garrett''"/> His associates Carl Dulinsky and Harris Blane Shimel were also convicted in the case.<ref name="Life sentence for Hell's Angel leader in drug case"/>

https://www.wral.com/fayetteville-man-charged-in-motorcyclist-s-death/12130352/

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1876&dat=19830107&id=9kMsAAAAIBAJ&sjid=4M4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2419,1288650

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19820222&id=BO4eAAAAIBAJ&sjid=ZCQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3822,4894875

https://greensboro.com/hells-angels-sentenced/article_e4d473fa-9e1e-50ef-8f90-bd09de4a03a6.html

https://greensboro.com/hells-angels-arrested-in-n-c-on-drug-charges/article_1dc705ea-3f5c-5da3-ae91-c8d3cf17bcb8.html

https://greensboro.com/hells-angels-charges-dropped/article_b211354f-469b-51b4-90e1-35b07bcdf51d.html

https://greensboro.com/two-hells-angels-members-acquitted-on-drug-charges/article_cc08d0fd-a4fb-5a55-bff3-6f6b0e62eda4.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20220320202859/https://journalnow.com/news/local/crowd-turns-out-for-funeral/article_ddf24f5f-3ea5-5247-be90-61473e37cc03.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20220320202029/https://www.wxii12.com/article/daughter-of-hells-angel-s-slaying-victim-arrested/2036660

===Ohio===
https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2011/03/medina_county_jury_convicts_he.html


https://web.archive.org/web/20240819222241/https://www.clevescene.com/news/harold-chakirelis-longtime-cleveland-hells-angel-member-and-suspect-in-infamous-sigley-bombing-has-died-30744534

https://archive.ph/tdXwW

https://sanduskyregister.com/news/151695/mans-second-appeal-fails/ / https://archive.ph/Aa9Yg

https://web.archive.org/web/20230727222550/https://www.morningjournal.com/2004/08/05/man-asks-to-withdraw-guilty-plea-in-1988-murder/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=y6Sz1kR3Hd0C&pg=PA122&lpg=PA122&dq=david+hartlaub&source=bl&ots=VwafGDVcjg&sig=ACfU3U0xqyplcO1tFaZ1MPshvBKDADZUBw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirq5WI-K-AAxVuUEEAHcxFCnM4ChDoAXoECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=david%20hartlaub&f=false

https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1992/02/01/hells-angel-is-stabbed-in-prison-trial-delayed/ / https://archive.is/woxo8

https://web.archive.org/web/20160304135408/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/06/22/us/law-dna-fingerprinting-showdown-expected-in-ohio.html

====Internal conflicts====

Cleveland Hells Angels chapter founding member and vice-president Clarence Addie "Butch" Crouch was born in [[Shreveport, Louisiana]] in 1940 and had been a founding member of the [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]] in Texas in 1966 before resigning and applying to the Hells Angels. He was dispatched to Cleveland to establish a HAMC chapter by Sonny Barger and the club's mother chapter in [[Oakland, California]] the following year. Crouch became a government witness after contacting the ATF in November 1981 and gave information on an extensive list of cases, such as the Sigley home bombing and the homicides of James Bailey, Donald Della Serra, Denise Padavick, Frank P. Pircio, Bruce Sunday and Ralph Tanner. He testified in at least five trials involving Hells Angels members, including those of Richard Amato, Jack Gentry, Thomas Padavick and Andrew Shission. Only the trial of Padavick resulted in a conviction.<ref name="The tragic life of Denise Padavick"/> Crouch entered the [[United States Federal Witness Protection Program|Federal Witness Protection Program]] in 1990 after serving eight years of a ten-to-forty year prison sentence for the manslaughter of Della Serra, who was shot to death in a case of mistaken identity in Akron on June 9, 1974.<ref name="Murder, arson charges dropped against Hell's Angel now in jail"/> The crime had gone unsolved until Crouch confessed to federal agents on November 5, 1981. Living in [[Avinger, Texas]] under the alias "Paul Allen Dome", Crouch died in a murder-suicide on July 8, 2013, shooting himself after killing his wife and stepson at their home.<ref name="The Last Ride of a Cleveland Hells Angel Informant"/>

====Other incidents====
A police raid on the Akron Hells Angels chapter clubhouse on May 22, 1982 resulted in four club members – David M. Beal, Fred A. Friend, Larry K. Shuman and chapter president James Caronite – being charged with operating an illegal bar, illegal liquor sales and possession of stolen firearms. An allegedly stolen 12-gauge shotgun, a pistol and two .22 caliber [[pen gun]]s were seized in the raid.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/810/574/355891/ ''United States of America v. David M. Beal''] [[Justia]] (November 21, 1986)</ref> Caronite and his girlfriend, Deborah "Debbie" Cannavino, were additionally charged with possessing a fictitious auto title and stolen furniture, as well as the alleged misuse of phone and utility lines.<ref name="Hell's Angels aging, but police still wary"/> The Hells Angels subsequently conspired to hire a hitman to kill one of the officers involved in the raid, [[Akron Police Department]] (APD) captain Jerry Foys.<ref name="''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''"/> The plot was defused by police before being put into action.<ref name="Gang's terror aimed at police, FBI report says"/> Cannavino and Caronite, the former president of the HAMC's East Coast territories, were convicted on November 12, 1982 on one count each of receiving stolen property and possession of a fictitious auto title, charges stemming from the theft of a 1975 [[Plymouth Duster]] from a used car lot in south Akron in 1979.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41025561/the-akron-beacon-journal/ Hell's Angels chief 'a man of honor'] Robert Holles, ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' (November 1, 1982)</ref> A mistrial was declared on remaining stolen property and auto theft charges lodged against the couple on November 15.<ref>[https://dks.library.kent.edu/?a=d&d=dks19821117-01.2.33 Hell's Angels mistrial declared] ''[[Daily Kent Stater]]'' (November 17, 1982)</ref> On November 18, Caronite was sentenced to concurrent prison sentences of two-to-five years on the stolen property charge and one-to-five years on the fictitious title charge, and also fined $2,000.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/153707596/ 'Angel' must serve at least 19 months] Dennis McEaneney, ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' (November 19, 1982)</ref> Cannavino was placed on two years' probation and fined $500 on December 6.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/153840313/ Ms. Cannavino placed on probation] ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' (December 7, 1982)</ref> According to investigators, Caronite fell out of favor with the Hells Angels' national leadership in Oakland due to his poor leadership of the Akron chapter.<ref name="Police search spectators in area Hell's Angels trial"/> He retired from the club following his release from prison in 1986.<ref>[https://www.beaconjournal.com/article/20150510/news/305109583%3ftemplate=ampart Hells Angels roll back into Akron; residents, city leaders concerned] ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' (May 10, 2015)</ref>

Carl Lee Wortman, a member of the Cleveland Hells Angels chapter, went on trial in June 1984 at the [[United States District Court for the Northern District of Ohio|U.S. District Court for the Northern District of Ohio]] in Akron for conspiracy to possess weapons in violation of federal firearms laws, charges brought against him by a federal special investigative task force.<ref name="Firearms testimony begins"/> The government filed a [[Motion in limine|motion ''in limine'']] to prevent disclosure of the identity, address and residence locale of petit jurors in the case.<ref name="''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''"/> The first trial ended in a [[hung jury]] and the district court declared a mistrial. After a second trial before the same trial judge, David D. Dowd, Jr., Wortman was acquitted on nine of ten substantive counts of possession of unregistered firearms. The jury could not agree on the single remaining substantive count and the conspiracy count. The district court declared another mistrial as to these remaining counts. At a third trial, the government elected to proceed on the conspiracy count only.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/765/147/414739/ ''United States of America v. Carl Lee Wortman''] [[Justia]] (May 29, 1985)</ref>

A search of the [[Medina County, Ohio|Medina County]] residence of Cleveland Hells Angels chapter member Richard C. "Friz" Frazier by the CDP and Medina County Sheriff's Office on October 23, 1986 resulted in the discovery of an automobile with altered vehicle identification numbers as well as a 9 mm and [[.380 caliber]] pistol, which ultimately were the basis for subsequent federal prosecution. The search was carried out after a confidential informant had told CDP detective Robert Kingzett of observing three stolen vehicles in a barn located on the premises during a previous visit. Frazier was sentenced to a prison term the following year after entering a conditional plea to a charge of possession of a firearm by a convicted felon.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/856/196/255953/ ''United States of America v. Richard C. Frazier''] [[Justia]] (September 1, 1988)</ref> In October 1988, Frazier was indicted by a Medina County grand jury, charged with two counts of rape, one count of sexual battery, and one count of gross sexual imposition against his stepdaughter Tiffany Skiba. Frazier, who was married to Skiba's mother Susan Bednarski between 1980 and 1989, molested Skiba from the time she was eleven until she was fifteen in 1987, when he was imprisoned on the federal weapons charges.<ref>[https://dks.library.kent.edu/cgi-bin/kentstate?a=d&d=dks19910116-01.2.21&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Medina man charged with rape] ''[[Daily Kent Stater]]'' (January 16, 1991)</ref> He fathered a son, Keaton, with her, who was born on September 1, 1988.<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/state-v-frazier-106 ''State of Ohio v. Richard Frazier''] casetext.com (May 23, 1995)</ref> Frazier was expelled from the Hells Angels as a result of the allegations.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/102065012/ Sex-abuse suspect is sought in killing] ''[[The Cincinnati Enquirer]]'' (November 11, 1990)</ref> Skiba was to testify against Frazier in a trial set to begin on December 5, 1990. On November 8, however, Frazier stabbed Skiba to death with a steak knife at her grandparents' home in [[Collinwood]], Cleveland.<ref>[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1410700.html ''Richard M. Frazier v. Stephen J. Huffman''] [[FindLaw]] (September 8, 2003)</ref> She suffered twenty-five stab wounds to the chest, neck, abdomen and arms.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/elyria-chronicle-telegram-nov-11-1990-p-1/ Police still hunting for Tiffany's stepdad] Cindy Leise, ''[[Elyria Chronicle Telegram]]'' (November 11, 1990)</ref> He was apprehended in [[Sheffield Lake, Ohio|Sheffield Lake]] on November 12 after failing to appear for a pretrial hearing, and was subsequently charged with the murder of Skiba.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/156931030/ Trial Dec 11 For Ex-Hell's Angel] ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' (November 14, 1990)</ref> On August 16, 1991, Frazier was convicted of aggravated murder, aggravated murder committed purposely with prior calculation and design, and aggravated burglary. He was sentenced to death on August 29, 1991.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/188/798/2577016/ ''Richard Frazier v. Betty Mitchell''] [[Justia]] (January 5, 2001)</ref> On September 8, 2003, the [[United States Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit]] granted Frazier's petition for a writ of ''[[habeas corpus]]'', vacated his death sentence based on ineffective assistance of counsel, and remanded to the state court for re-sentencing. The trial court re-sentenced Frazier to thirty years-to-life on March 18, 2005.<ref>[https://www.ohioattorneygeneral.gov/Files/Reports/Capital-Crimes-Annual-Reports/2010-Capital-Crimes-Annual-Report-FOR-WEB ''Capital Crimes Annual Report: State and Federal Cases 2010''] [[Mike DeWine]], [[Ohio Attorney General]] (April 1, 2011)</ref>

The Akron chapter was reestablished in 2015 when the Hells Angels founded a clubhouse in the [[Neighborhoods in Akron, Ohio#North Hill|North Hill]] neighborhood after amalgamating the North Coast Motorcycle Club.<ref>[https://www.cleveland19.com/story/29104730/neighbors-of-akrons-hells-angels-say-all-is-quiet/ No concerns after Hells Angels move in to Akron neighborhood] [[WOIO]] (May 19, 2015)</ref><ref>[https://www.cleveland.com/akron/2015/05/hells_angels_back_in_akron_the.html Hell's Angels back in Akron] John Harper, ''[[The Plain Dealer]]'' (May 11, 2015)</ref> In September 2018, HAMC member Robert Lee Greathouse was arrested at a rural cabin in [[Cadiz, Ohio|Cadiz]] on charges of felonious assault following a shooting in Akron. Two pistols and a rifle were recovered out of the home at the time of his arrest. Greathouse became a fugitive in April 2019 after he was given a short-term furlough prior to beginning his prison sentence on the felonious assault case. He was apprehended by the [[United States Marshals Service|U.S. Marshals Service]] (USMS) in [[Bourbon, Indiana]] on June 3, 2019.<ref>[https://wtam.iheart.com/content/2019-06-04-furloughed-inmate-arrested-after-over-a-month-on-the-run/ Furloughed Inmate Arrested After Over A Month On The Run] Kyle Cornell, [[WTAM]] (June 4, 2019)</ref>


https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41006701/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/153855664/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/153858918/

===Rhode Island===
https://law.justia.com/cases/rhode-island/supreme-court/1974/324-a-2d-631.html

The Hells Angels' first Rhode Island chapter was established in [[Providence, Rhode Island|Providence]] in 1992.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20200928195125/https://www.wpri.com/news/local-news/blackstone-valley/renegade-biker-cj-nordstrom-speaks-about-violent-clashes-in-the-ring-and-out/

https://newspaperarchive.com/lowell-sun-jul-25-1970-p-1/
https://newspaperarchive.com/lowell-sun-jul-25-1970-p-1/
https://law.justia.com/cases/rhode-island/supreme-court/1974/330-a-2d-66.html
https://law.justia.com/cases/rhode-island/supreme-court/1974/324-a-2d-631.html

===South Carolina===
Four members of the Charleston Hells Angels chapter – William M. Coldren, Samuel Edward Evans, Terry Dale Hiott and chapter president Horace Anderson Powell – were charged with conspiracy to violate codes involving the interstate transportation of an explosive device after being arrested in the [[Summerville, South Carolina|Summerville]] area by agents of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]]] (FBI), [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF), [[South Carolina Law Enforcement Division]] (SLED) and [[Dorchester County, South Carolina|Dorchester County]] Sheriff's Office on November 10, 1987. The four bikers allegedly conspired with other Hells Angels members in Alaska, California, Kentucky and North Carolina to kill and injure members of the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] in revenge of the August 12, 1986 killing of HAMC member John Cleve Webb in [[Louisville, Kentucky]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/79320815/ Members of Charleston 'Hell's Angels' arrested] ''[[The Gaffney Ledger]]'' (November 11, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123220851/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=January 23, 2022 }}</ref> The action against the Charleston faction was a result of Operation CACUS, a two-year [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) investigation of the HAMC, during which a confidential informant and undercover agents acquired approximately $1.6 million of cocaine and methamphetamine, over twenty pounds of high explosives, three automatic weapons and two [[Silencer (firearms)|silencers]] from the club.<ref name="Overview"/><ref name="38 Hells Angels Arrested In ‘Operation Roughrider’"/> A total of 38 Hells Angels members were arrested on narcotics, weapons, explosives and conspiracy charges during a series of coordinated raids carried out in five states.<ref name="Five-state sweep produces arrests of 32 Hells Angels"/>

https://www.heraldonline.com/news/local/crime/article243709292.html

https://patch.com/south-carolina/lexington-sc/judge-sentences-3-hells-angels-members

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/columbia/press-releases/2013/hells-angels-members-convicted-of-racketeering-conspiracy-for-their-dealings-with-drugs-guns-armed-robbery-and-money-laundering

https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2013/03/21/3-more-convicted-in-Hells-Angels-drug-case/95381363900186/

https://www.gangsterismout.com/2017/11/lexington-hells-angel-hired-associate.html

https://www.carolinagatewayonline.com/content/hells-angels-convicted-federal-court-after-il-raid

https://www.wbtv.com/2020/06/22/six-motorcycle-gang-members-accused-attack-over-t-shirt-territory-clover-sc/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220320211829/https://www.wbtv.com/2020/06/22/six-motorcycle-gang-members-accused-attack-over-t-shirt-territory-clover-sc/

===South Dakota===
In August 2008, a Hells Angels member was shot dead after getting into a barroom confrontation with a member of the Iron Pigs, a [[Seattle, Washington]]-based law enforcement motorcycle club, at the [[Sturgis motorcycle rally]]. The incident stemmed from the Iron Pigs' wearing of a "Washington" bottom rocker.<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref>



https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/720/1000/425565/

https://www.sentinelandenterprise.com/2012/01/28/hells-angels-biker-from-shirley-convicted-in-assault-at-sturgis-rally/

===Virginia===
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706148/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-ny-daily-news-5-may-1985-page/79571054/

The Hells Angels recruited a club in [[Manassas, Virginia|Manassas]] as a prospect chapter in January 2004. The club lost status after being infiltrated by an undercover [[Fairfax County Police Department]] detective, which resulted in its members being indicted on gang membership and assault charges in [[Loudoun County, Virginia|Loudoun County]].<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

<ref name="Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'"/>

<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''"/>

<ref name="100 Hells Angel members are arrested in drug sweep"/>

<ref name="Hells Angels arrested in drug raids"/>


<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1981/01/11/6-die-in-mass-murder/dabbd0f9-80aa-4856-84b5-4b8eb3a7e2c2/ 6 Die in Mass Murder] Ronald D. White, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (January 11, 1981)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/01/12/Police-found-narcotics-in-a-suburban-house-where-four/8494348123600/ Police found narcotics in a suburban house where four motorcycle club members and two topless dancers were found slain, it was disclosed Monday] John H. Morgan, [[United Press International]] (January 12, 1981)</ref>


<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/52/322/573189/ ''United States of America v. Charles Francis Haas, Jr.''] [[Justia]] (March 10, 1995)</ref>


Haas became became a cooperating witness after being convicted on federal drug charges and sentenced to twenty-seven years in prison on March 31, 1994.<ref name="Feeling of betrayal leads Hell's Angel to turn informant"/> His testimony assisted in the murder convictions of Charles Anthony "Chuck" Diaz and Gerald Michael "Butch" Lester of the [[Vallejo, California]] HAMC chapter, who killed former Hells Angel William Ivan "Billy" Grondalski, his wife Patricia ("Patty"), five-year-old daughter Dallas and seventeen-year-old stepson Nolan Jerami Vandagriff at their home in [[Fort Bragg, California]] on October 5, 1986. Haas returned to the Grondalski home with Lester the following day and assisted in setting fire to the property in an effort to destroy evidence.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21502216/ukiah-daily-journal-9-may-1995-tue/ A bloody night near Fort Bragg] Lois O'Rourke, ''[[Ukiah Daily Journal]]'' (May 9, 1995)</ref> Lester was convicted on four counts of murder on November 6, 1997, and Diaz was convicted on one count on May 5, 2004.<ref name="Who Killed Dallas?"/><ref name="Diaz found guilty"/>

===Washington===
The HAMC established its first Washington chapter in [[Spokane, Washington|Spokane]] in 1994.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3138/overview.htm
https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3138/meth.htm


https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/2003/12-05/338545_bremerton_car_dealer_faces_hell.html

<ref name="Former Angel is handed sentence">[https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/former-hells-angel-is-handed-a-15-year-sentence/ Former Hells Angel is handed a 15-year sentence] Mike Carter, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (December 19, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/UVMRJ#selection-1909.7-1909.54 |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Enforcer sent to prison">[https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/enforcer-for-hells-angels-sent-to-prison-for-15-years/ “Enforcer” for Hells Angels sent to prison for 15 years] Mike Carter, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (December 20, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/JAZxJ#selection-1919.7-1940.0 |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Officer has clashed with Angels before">[https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/seattle-police-officer-in-shooting-has-clashed-with-hells-angels-before/ Seattle police officer in shooting has clashed with Hells Angels before] Mike Carter, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (August 23, 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/ZP1iZ#selection-1907.7-1928.0 |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cop feared for his life">[https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/off-duty-seattle-cop-who-shot-hells-angel-feared-for-his-life/ Off-duty Seattle cop who shot Hells Angel feared for his life] Jennifer Sullivan and Karen Gaudette, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (August 11, 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/JRBA8 |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels member guilty in murder">[https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/hells-angels-club-member-found-guilty-in-2001-murder/ Hells Angels club member found guilty in 2001 murder] Christine Clarridge and David Bowermaster, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (July 11, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/GHQ5X#selection-1909.7-1930.0 |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels' violent year">[https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/hells-angels-violent-year-shines-light-on-gang/ Hells Angels’ violent year shines light on gang] Paul Elias, ''[[The Seattle Times]]'' (November 1, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.vn/CcIvJ#selection-1839.7-1860.0 |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Raids net bikers sought in gang fight">[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2003/dec/04/raids-net-bikers-sought-gang-fight/ Raids net bikers sought in gang fight] Bill Morlin, ''[[The Spokesman-Review]]'' (December 4, 2003)</ref>

<ref name="Area arrests part of Hells Angels sweep"/>

<ref name="Federal Racketeering Charges Brought Against 42 Members of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club"/>

<ref name="Fugitive biker surrenders"/>

"Mouldy" Marvin William Gilbert

SPOKANE - "Mouldy" Marvin Gilbert says he's just a middle-aged guy who moved to Spokane from California so he could raise his daughter in a better environment.

Police say otherwise. Gilbert - a member of the Hell's Angels motorcycle club for 32 years - has one more arrest to add to his two dozen previous ones. He's being held in Spokane County Jail on $1 million bail after police, who raided the club's Spokane clubhouse, say they confiscated weapons and illegal drugs.<ref name="Busted Biker's New Life Crashes"/>

convicted of the second-degree murder of a man in Oakland in 1972.<ref name="''People of the State of California v. Russell Stanley Beyea and Marvin William Gilbert''"/>

died at the age of sixty-five on June 22, 2007.<ref name="Marvin Gilbert obituary">[https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/eastbaytimes/obituary.aspx?n=marvin-gilbert&pid=89759953&fhid=2295 Marvin Gilbert obituary] ''[[East Bay Times]]'' (June 27, 2007)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jan/05/police-fear-war-of-cycle-clubs-hells-angels/ Police Fear War Of Cycle Clubs Hells Angels Member Accused In Shooting Which Left One Ghost Rider Member Dead] Bill Morlin, ''[[The Spokesman-Review]]'' (January 5, 1996)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jan/14/hells-angel-member-admits-hes-no-angel-jailed-on/ Hells Angel Member Admits He’s No Angel Jailed On Drug, Gun Charges, Biker Says Outlaw Club Didn’t Send Him To Spokane] Bill Morlin, ''[[The Spokesman-Review]]'' (January 14, 1996)</ref>

SPOKANE, Wash. (AP)  He's one California emigrant the local Chamber of Commerce may wish would have stayed home.

"Mouldy" Marvin Gilbert has been with the Hells Angels motorcycle club for 32 years, been arrested two dozen times, and was featured in "The Hells Angels," Hunter S. Thompson's 1966 book.

Today, he's being held in the Spokane County Jail on $1 million bail after police raided the motorcycle club's Spokane clubhouse and confiscated weapons and illegal drugs.

Gilbert maintains he's just a middle-aged guy who moved to Spokane recently so he could raise his daughter in a better environment.

"I'm 53 years old and they say I'm a drug dealer?" Gilbert said in a jail interview last week. "Let's get serious."

"I wanted to move up here and raise my 7-year-old daughter in an area that has four seasons," Gilbert said.

Gilbert left Oakland, where the Angels are based, last summer and became vice president of the Spokane chapter.

In Thompson's book, Gilbert and another Hells Angel, Terry the Tramp, were called "stinking hairy thugs" who were charged with raping 14and 15-year-old girls. Both were acquitted.

Police say Gilbert earned his special "Filthy Few" Angels patch by stomping a man to death for the club in the 1970s.

Washington State Patrol detectives arrested Gilbert and five others during a raid at the Angels' clubhouse on Jan. 5.

Gilbert is in the Spokane County Jail, accused of illegally possessing firearms and methamphetamine.<ref>[https://products.kitsapsun.com/archive/1996/01-16/343025_spokane__police_holding_hells_a.html Spokane: Police holding Hells Angels motorist] ''[[Kitsap Sun]]'' (January 16, 1996)</ref>

===Wyoming===
https://www.ktvn.com/story/7388451/reno-hells-angels-leader-indicted-on-federal-charges
https://www.reviewjournal.com/uncategorized/will-burgess-conviction-shift-power-in-nevada-hells-angels/
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-10th-circuit/1086851.html

== Hells Angels–Outlaws motorcycle club conflict ==
{{short description|Ongoing outlaw motorcycle club conflict}}
{{Infobox civil conflict
| title            = Hells Angels–Outlaws conflict
| subtitle         = 
| partof           = 
| image            = 
| caption          = 
| date             = 1974 – present
| place            = United States, Canada, United Kingdom and Norway
| coordinates      = 
| causes           = Drug-trade criminal dispute
| goals            = 
| methods          = 
| status           = 
| result           = Stalemate
* Peace treaty
* Each side retains designated territory
* Crackdown by police services
| side1            = [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos MC]]
*Aphuset MC
*Bronx '95 MC
*Klan MC
*Morbids MC
*Rabies MC
*Undertakers MC
----
[[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws MC]]
| side2            = [[Hells Angels|Hells Angels MC]]
*Avengers MC
*Barley MC
*[[Cannonball Motorcycle Club|Cannonball MC]]
*Choppers MC
*Customizers MC
*Overkill MC
*Rebels MC
*Rednecks MC
*Screwdrivers MC
*Untouchables MC
| side3            = 
| side4            = 
| leadfigures1     = Michael Garcia Olsen <br> [[Lars Harnes]] <br> [[Marko Hirsma]] <br> Uffe Lindenskov Larsen[[Killed in action|†]] <br> [[Michael Ljunggren]] [[Killed in action|†]] <br> [[Jim Tinndahn]]
----
[[Thore Holm Hansen]]
| leadfigures2     = [[Torkjell Alasker]] <br> [[Thomas Möller]] <br> [[Christian Sass Middelboe]] <br> [[Jørn Nielsen]] <br> [[Bent Svane Nielsen]]
| leadfigures3     = 
| leadfigures4     = 
| howmany1         = 130 Bandidos
| howmany2         = 290 Hells Angels
| howmany3         = 
| howmany4         = 
| casualties1      = '''Dead''': 6<br />'''Injured''': 34
| casualties2      = '''Dead''': 3<br />'''Injured''': 40
| casualties3      = 
| casualties4      = 
| fatalities       = 
| injuries         =
| arrests          =
| damage           =
| buildings        =
| detentions       =
| charged          =
| fined            =
| effect           =
| effect_label     =
| casualties_label = 
| notes            = '''Total dead''': 11 (9 bikers, 2 non-combatants)<br>'''Total injured''': 96 (74 bikers, 22 non-combatants)
| sidebox          = 
}}
The '''Hells Angels–Outlaws motorcycle club conflict''' is an intermittent and ongoing period of conflict between the [[Hells Angels]] and [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] motorcycle clubs.

===Background===

===Incidents===
====Canada====

====Norway====

====United Kingdom====

====United States====

===External links===

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:Outlaw motorcycle club conflicts]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]
[[:Category:Outlaws Motorcycle Club]]
[[:Category:Organized crime conflicts in Canada]]
[[:Category:Organized crime conflicts in Norway]]
[[:Category:Organised crime conflicts in the United Kingdom]]
[[:Category:Organized crime conflicts in the United States]]

==Outlaws MC==
Since its inception, the Outlaws motorcycle club has expanded by amalgamating a number of smaller outlaw motorcycle clubs in a process known as a "patch-over".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Williams |first=John |date=May 2010 |title=Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs |url=https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |access-date=October 15, 2022 |website=publicintelligence.net |archive-date=November 28, 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |url-status=live }}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Outlaws club mergers
|-
! Year !! Location !! Original Club/Charter !! Outlaws Chapter !! References
|-
|-
| 1959 || United States || Jolly Roger MC || Outlaws Joliet || <ref name="Police are ganging up on bikers' way of life">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/230489495/ Police are ganging up on bikers' way of life] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (March 4, 1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240910220636/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/230489495/ |date=September 10, 2024 }}</ref>
|-
| 1970 || United States || Iron Cross MC || Outlaws Atlanta || <ref name="ATL">[https://www.outlawsmcatlanta.com/history History] outlawsmcatlanta.com {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20230728174153/https://www.outlawsmcatlanta.com/history |date=July 28, 2023 }}</ref>
|-
| 1980 || United States || Mongols MC || Outlaws Toledo || <ref name="Toledo's killer biker">[https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033 Toledo's killer biker turns on his Outlaws `brothers'] Michael D. Sallah, ''[[The Blade (Toledo, Ohio)|The Blade]]'' (June 3, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016210223/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033 |date=October 16, 2022 }}</ref>
|-
| 1991 || United States || Booze Runners MC || Outlaws Stateline (Illinois–Wisconsin) || 
|-
| 1993 || United States || Wheelmen MC || Outlaws North Side (Chicago) || <ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang">[https://lasd.org/pdfjs/web/mcj_Outlaws_OMG.pdf Outlaws Motorcycle Gang] [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (September 1, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812194329/https://lasd.org/pdfjs/web/mcj_Outlaws_OMG.pdf |date=August 12, 2021 }}</ref>
|-
| 1994 || United States || High Spirits MC || Outlaws West Side (Chicago) || <ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
| || || || || 
|-
|}

<ref name="Outlaws Essay">[https://web.archive.org/web/20230801152952/https://artscolumbia.org/biker-gangs-the-outlaws-mc-42187-60763/ Outlaws MC Essay] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801152952/https://artscolumbia.org/biker-gangs-the-outlaws-mc-42187-60763/ |date=August 1, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Showdown">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA42&lpg=PA42&dq=cult+motorcycle+CLUB+outlaws+1964&source=bl&ots=6tl9pCi7o-&sig=ACfU3U3uS0eSvjyHlEh47U_spK990703DQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj8ybX-vY36AhXMNcAKHUNvAIIQ6AF6BAgjEAM#v=onepage&q=cult%20motorcycle%20CLUB%20outlaws%201964&f=false ''Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets''] [[Jerry Langton]] (2012)</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=George+Hartman,+Edwin+Riley+Albert+Simmons&source=bl&ots=YXxmDuMdig&sig=ACfU3U2ST8yOzPKQMArT77cNqd6bS1K6LQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX06qLzKnyAhVPTsAKHQfTDJAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=George%20Hartman%2C%20Edwin%20Riley%20Albert%20Simmons&f=false ''Outlaws: Inside the Hell's Angel Biker Wars: Inside the Violent World of Biker Gangs''] Tony Thompson (2012)</ref>

<ref name="The Outlaws MC’s ‘Black Region’ Blasted By Bust A Decade Ago, Michigan & Indiana Bikers Burned In ’07 Fed Takedown">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-outlaws-mcs-black-region-blasted-by-bust-a-decade-ago-michigan-indiana-bikers-burned-in-07-fed-takedown/ The Outlaws MC’s ‘Black Region’ Blasted By Bust A Decade Ago, Michigan & Indiana Bikers Burned In ’07 Fed Takedown] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (August 15, 2017)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20170806123348/http://alex6379.blogspot.com/2012/03/outlaws-mc.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=john+davis+outlaws+mc&source=bl&ots=gMMSqsVYmn&sig=ACfU3U1WbNmZlTYbBmSehqUAgX0hZjGmLw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5r_e94buAAxUJBMAKHSSYCHQQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=john%20davis%20outlaws%20mc&f=false

https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2021-03/ti621_organisational_structure_social_networks_and_criminal_activities_of_omg.pdf

https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2015/05/outlaw-motorcyle-biker-gang-bandidos/

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=uiug.30112003934327&view=1up&seq=3

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>



https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WQMtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=warlocks+mc+philadelphia+1965&source=bl&ots=HGcbDrAiir&sig=ACfU3U2oxNkHhORJ0FaBkhLLvMPqynU4eg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjo8J3PlIn8AhXQi1wKHayID4cQ6AF6BAgjEAM#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20mc%20philadelphia%201965&f=false

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WQMtDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA19&lpg=PA19&dq=outlaws+mc+gold+region+wisconsin&source=bl&ots=HFdiHrEkfq&sig=ACfU3U3hyJul0ZmQDhYFMXfbPzik_apslQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJuJuWp6XpAhVwUBUIHcDEDyAQ6AEwGXoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20mc%20gold%20region%20wisconsin&f=false ''The Last Chicago Boss: My Life with the Chicago Outlaws Motorcycle Club''] Kerrie Droban and Peter "Big Pete" James (2017)</ref>

silver region ([[Alabama]] and [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]])<ref>[https://www.gainesvilletimes.com/news/motorcycle-club-leader-5-others-attend-bond-hearings/ Motorcycle club leader, 5 others attend bond hearings] Lee Johnson''[[The Gainesville Times (Georgia)|The Gainesville Times]]'' (August 24, 2012)</ref>

green region - https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1385448.html

Indiana - https://web.archive.org/web/20030608020458/http://www.usdoj.gov/ndic/pubs0/660/cocaine.htm

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230716083916/https://www.pnj.com/story/news/local/outreach/2021/12/22/gulf-coast-outlaws-fight-motorcycle-club-stereotypes-coat-drive-holiday-charity/6462755001/
https://web.archive.org/web/20200922220742/https://shsu-ir.tdl.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.11875/1942/1542.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
https://web.archive.org/web/20230714162425/https://www.rcmp-grc.gc.ca/en/news/2023/rcmp-nl-reminds-public-true-colors-outlaw-motorcycle-gangs
https://web.archive.org/web/20230819012301/https://lamag.com/uncategorized/the-cop-who-infiltrated-southern-californias-most-notorious-biker-gangs

* [http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Manhunt+continues+for+Outlaws+member+for+murder+of+man+wearing+Hells+Angels+shirt&articleId=e5174096-8000-4e28-9184-d32968b34c78 Article from the Union Leader on the search for Christopher Legere] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929131841/http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Manhunt+continues+for+Outlaws+member+for+murder+of+man+wearing+Hells+Angels+shirt&articleId=e5174096-8000-4e28-9184-d32968b34c78 |date=2007-09-29 }}

=== References ===
{{Reflist|30em}}

== Outlaws MC criminal allegations and incidents ==
* [[Wayne Hicks (biker)|Wayne Hicks]]
* [[Thore Holm Hansen]]
* [[Jim Nolan (biker)|Jim Nolan]]
* [[Walter Posnjak]]
* [[Peter Rogers (biker)|Peter Rogers]]
* [[Clarence Smith (biker)|Clarence Smith]]
* [[James Wheeler (biker)|James Wheeler]]

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=black+pistons+england&source=bl&ots=w_vOQvqxRc&sig=ACfU3U3cIDiM1it_dKvUZ2xVJuDT5tyQAg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjejOXMwOPoAhVcUhUIHZmGCH04ChDoATARegQIDBAu#v=onepage&q=black%20pistons%20england&f=false ''Charlie and the Angels: The Outlaws, the Hells Angels and the Sixty Years War''] Alex Caine (2012)</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4oxMIUskYbEC&pg=PA399&lpg=PA399&dq=outlaws+iron+horsemen+louisville+ky&source=bl&ots=-HUS7x8z6u&sig=ACfU3U1ftbm8S6Xs9SDvxW593oZtnEeRkA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzsIOC1uroAhVKecAKHa6kAEY4ChDoATAHegQIDBBC#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20iron%20horsemen%20louisville%20ky&f=false ''Organized Crime in America: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate''] United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1983)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.wave3.com/story/1237798/kentuckians-named-in-federal-indictment/ Kentuckians Named In Federal Indictment] [[WAVE (TV)|WAVE]] (April 17, 2003)</ref>

<ref>[https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/washingtondc/press-releases/2010/wfo061510.htm Twenty-Seven Members of American Outlaw Association Motorcycle Gang Indicted] [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (June 15, 2010)</ref>

<ref>[http://gangster405.rssing.com/chan-45492965/all_p9.html The Gangster Report]</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gINQJMFuvfMC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=outlaws+tampa+florida+prostitution+december+1981&source=bl&ots=a8vCBRwxLl&sig=ACfU3U3Yw9RPE8p-Hi-QNvncDMRBQKIOUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-0PvHm7vyAhWJOsAKHZxyD7IQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20tampa%20florida%20prostitution%20december%201981&f=false


=== Australia ===
https://web.archive.org/web/20220831091057/https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-08-31/mackay-bikie-gang-shootout-odins-warriors-the-outlaws-1997/101390728

https://web.archive.org/web/20230918164621/https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/mackay/do-you-remember-where-you-were-when-the-bullets-starting-flying/news-story/bb249c1e1063fbcfb92140e75fbdd795?nk=3e59cacce0965c5251c617aa1d9dd446-1695055581

https://web.archive.org/web/20220707174800/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/biker-gangs-open-fire-1236994.html

=== Canada ===
<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=bandidos+project+amigo&source=bl&ots=3-cexM-2MD&sig=ACfU3U1CZt-shvooSpDpw75gb2m5Xm3gaA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJ4rz56bbpAhWKShUIHfHHC8wQ6AEwCXoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20project%20amigo&f=false Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime] Chuck Goudie, [[WLS-TV]] (November 16, 2017)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.thestar.com/news/ontario/2009/03/30/outlaws_president_resigns_in_disgust.html Outlaws president resigns in disgust] Peter Edwards, ''[[Toronto Star]]'' (30 March 2009)</ref>

<ref>[https://archive.macleans.ca/article/1977/8/22/born-to-raise-hell-inc Born-To-Raise-Hell Inc.] John Schenk and John Kessel, ''[[Maclean's]]'' (22 August 1977)</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vG4bfGwXZNIC&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=william+gatemouth+edson&source=bl&ots=9I1Py8qJIW&sig=ACfU3U1q8oDIUojTfVWyrWbNuO1PTTDGGw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTibTIkMPyAhUFi1wKHbI4CsQQ6AF6BAgREAM#v=onepage&q=william%20gatemouth%20edson&f=false ''Fallen Angel: The Unlikely Rise of Walter Stadnick and the Canadian Hells Angels''] Jerry Langton (2006)</ref>

https://toronto.citynews.ca/2018/06/28/bacchus-and-outlaws-biker-gangs-expanding-in-newfoundland-rcmp/

====Ontario====
<ref name="Vagos patched over">[https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/peterborough-region/2015/02/13/vagos-patched-over-to-outlaws-police.html Vagos patched over to Outlaws: Police] ''[[The Peterborough Examiner]]'' (February 13, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230324220007/https://www.thepeterboroughexaminer.com/news/peterborough-region/2015/02/13/vagos-patched-over-to-outlaws-police.html |date=March 24, 2023 }}</ref>

https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/outlaws-motorcycle-club-flexing-its-muscles-and-opening-new-club-house-in-london-ontario / https://archive.ph/H42ep

https://lfpress.com/2017/10/18/opp-say-london-outlaws-biker-busted-in-murder-for-hire-plot

https://www.gangsterismout.com/2020/06/outlaws-biker-clause-busted-for.html?m=0

https://www.thestar.com/news/gta/2021/03/18/ontario-police-announce-massive-motorcycle-gang-bust-including-seized-drugs-fully-automatic-weapons-and-hand-grenades.html

https://www.kingstonist.com/news/three-members-of-the-outlaws-mc-arrested-in-kingston-area/

https://globalnews.ca/news/8187546/joint-police-operation-targeting-biker-gangs-in-eastern-ontario-comes-to-an-end/

https://lfpress.com/news/local-news/alleged-london-biker-among-eight-area-arrests-in-opp-sweep

https://nationalpost.com/news/canada/rival-outlaw-biker-clubs-at-heart-of-ontario-police-raids-that-found-boxes-of-grenades-guns-drugs

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ZO8jKSn25DAC&pg=PA428&lpg=PA428&dq=william+hulko&source=bl&ots=r1mXnlhWuj&sig=ACfU3U0mWFjpOVVT56jc8t73SREsVfiBAw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwisyq7jysf7AhXknFwKHY-hBCAQ6AF6BAghEAM#v=onepage&q=william%20hulko&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA148&lpg=PA148&dq=william+hulko&source=bl&ots=6tlgjBn1jW&sig=ACfU3U0tvfXt4KMRJ2XKl1e18yJihQxtBA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwisyq7jysf7AhXknFwKHY-hBCAQ6AF6BAggEAM#v=onepage&q=william%20hulko&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i4LUDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=bill+hulko&source=bl&ots=mvDWrDOTCz&sig=ACfU3U2sO2BwWdFV_6puV2izRtTQx0J5PA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj279qTw8f7AhWiQkEAHRfLDVkQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=bill%20hulko&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/1854068/murders-of-cathryn-hulko-and-sandra/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230725000550/https://torontosun.com/news/crime/police-investigating-biker-gang-violence-in-eastern-ontario-as-loners-outlaws-clash

https://web.archive.org/web/20230713003835/https://london.ctvnews.ca/outlaws-charged-in-joint-drug-trafficking-investigation-1.6467508

https://web.archive.org/web/20230711150025/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/london/bust-shows-bike-gangs-moving-into-smaller-communities-police-say-1.6897699

https://web.archive.org/web/20230720005843/https://www.standard-freeholder.com/news/local-news/nine-charged-in-outlaw-motorcycle-club-shooting-stabbings-in-cornwall

===Newfoundland and Labrador===
https://web.archive.org/web/20210511191543/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/newfoundland-labrador/outlaws-motorcycle-club-drug-bust-grand-falls-1.5475511

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

===Finland===
The Outlaws have two chapters in Finland with an estimated fifteen-to-twenty members.<ref>[https://yle.fi/aihe/artikkeli/2017/12/07/nain-liivijengit-toimivat-eri-puolella-suomea Näin liivijengit toimivat eri puolella Suomea] Marko Niemi, [[Yle]] (12 January )</ref>

===France===
The first Outlaws chapter in France was established in [[Nantes]] in 1994.<ref>[https://www.lesoir.be/art/704685/article/actualite/monde/2014-11-12/bikers-vers-une-nouvelle-guerre Les bikers vers une nouvelle guerre] Alain Lallemand, ''[[Le Soir]]'' (12 November 2014)</ref>

===Germany===
https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost-Riders_MC


The Outlaws consist of 53 chapters and 600 members in Germany.<ref name="Rocker-Republik Deutschland">[https://www.bild.de/news/inland/motorradclub/rockerkrieg-in-deutschland-38593754.bild.html Rocker-Republik Deutschland] ''[[Bild]]'' (17 November 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160936/https://www.bild.de/news/inland/motorradclub/rockerkrieg-in-deutschland-38593754.bild.html |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://rp-online.de/nrw/staedte/hueckelhoven/hueckelhoven-explosion-und-schuesse-im-rockermilieu_aid-21978321 Kampf im Rockermilieu: Explosion und Schüsse versetzen Hückelhoven in Angst]</ref>

===Italy===
<ref>[https://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/27/news/guerra_tra_bande_di_motociclisti_sette_arresti_sequestrate_armi-32267886/ Guerra tra bande di motociclisti] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160821053201/http://genova.repubblica.it/cronaca/2012/03/27/news/guerra_tra_bande_di_motociclisti_sette_arresti_sequestrate_armi-32267886/ |date=21 August 2016 }} ''[[la Repubblica]]'' (27 March 2012)</ref>

===New Zealand===
The [[Hawke's Bay]]-based New Zealand Outlaws "patched over" to the A.O.A. in 2014.<ref name="NZ street gangs facing influx of Australian bikers">[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/carl-bradley-nz-street-gangs-are-facing-an-influx-of-australian-outlaw-bikers/2MWJEAJCMRKDVWZQAJUNLYESQI/ NZ street gangs are facing an influx of Australian outlaw bikers] Carl Bradley, ''[[The New Zealand Herald]]'' (7 February 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221201220516/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/carl-bradley-nz-street-gangs-are-facing-an-influx-of-australian-outlaw-bikers/2MWJEAJCMRKDVWZQAJUNLYESQI/ |date=1 December 2022 }}</ref> The [[Lone Legion Brotherhood]] in [[Blenheim, New Zeland|Blenheim]] also later joined the Outlaws.<ref name="NZ street gangs facing influx of Australian bikers"/>

The previously unrelated Outlaws MC in Napier, New Zealand "patched over" to join the Outlaws in 2014.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/us-bikies-patch-over-nz-gang-expert/news-story/4b6cf04b2d8591ccfbeaf44f4aa924ed |title=US bikies patch over NZ gang: expert |publisher=news.com.au |access-date=2021-11-19 |date=2014-07-07}}</ref> On March 29, 2021, the national president of the Outlaws, Peter "China" Lui was murdered outside the Napier club house.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/outlaws-mc-leaders-homicide-wife-pays-tribute-theyve-completely-devastated-my-life/VX7ZZ4ZLPJE37QHVQYUX2NSSGQ/ |title=Outlaws MC leader's homicide: Wife pays tribute - 'They've completely devastated my life' |publisher=NZ Herald |access-date=2021-11-19 |date=2021-04-02}}</ref> Less than two months later, Outlaws member Seth Forde was arrested and later convicted of possessing firearms and explosives 'for protection' after the earlier murder.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/125538791/guns-bombs-and-ammo-found-at-gang-pad-for-protection |title=Guns, bombs and ammo found at gang pad 'for protection' |publisher=Stuff |access-date=2021-11-19 |date=2021-09-23}}</ref>

In New Zealand the club has chapters in the cities of Napier, Blenheim and Christchurch.<ref>[http://www.outlawsmcworld.com/chapter.htm] Retrieved February 28</ref>

The Outlaws MC of New Zealand, established in Napier in 1968, have since "patched over" to the international club<ref>{{Cite web | url=http://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/article.cfm?c_id=1503462&objectid=11290296 | title=Link to US gang as Outlaws settle here | date=16 June 2023 }}</ref>



https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/outlaws-national-leader-peter-lui-was-robbed-of-his-patch-during-napier-attack/WFUKC54XLSFYMINPXKM5KBFOJ4/

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/blenheim-stabbings-at-least-one-dead-police-homicide-inquiry-under-way/Z357FM4PHV2URBVPNGUYXFYNSI/

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/hawkes-bay-today/news/napier-murderer-jailed-again-for-committing-drug-offences-while-on-parole/COGER2SVT3HC2IC4DLXK3BNUYE/

https://www.rnz.co.nz/news/national/445430/operation-worthington-more-than-44kg-of-meth-seized-by-police

===Norway===
The Outlaws have seventy members and nine chapters in Norway.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=43vZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT354&lpg=PT354&dq=bandidos+x+team+1998&source=bl&ots=7q17rEmnYq&sig=ACfU3U1MOt6ClbX_eWKcfp4RJgF02SMkpQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi6ndaMt7ToAhWjmFwKHXB1CFgQ6AEwE3oECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20x%20team%201998&f=false ''Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime''] Thomas Barker (2014)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/outlaws-sjefen-fikk-utsatt-soning/66149845 Outlaws-sjefen fikk utsatt soning] Thomas Barker (2014)</ref>

=== Thailand ===
https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2621273/driving-out-the-gangs / https://archive.ph/pBIjr

https://www.bangkokpost.com/thailand/general/2615659/outlaws-motorcycle-club-leader-among-4-raid-arrests / https://archive.ph/wm652

===United Kingdom===
https://www.cambrian-news.co.uk/news/health/outlaws-motorcycle-club-raises-ps500-for-bronglais-appeal-572807

https://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/news/scottish-news/sleazy-riders-crime-fears-as-notorious-1080795

https://archive.ph/dxWEE
https://archive.ph/obZqE

====England====
Hells Angels member Gerry Tobin was shot dead from an adjacent car while riding his motorcycle on the [[M40 motorway|M40]] on 12 August 2007. Two shots were fired from two separate weapons, with one hitting him in the head. He had been returning home to London from the [[Bulldog Bash]] festival held near [[Long Marston, Warwickshire|Long Marston]], [[Warwickshire]]. In November 2008, seven Outlaws members – the club's entire South Warwickshire chapter – were convicted over his murder and sentenced to a total of 191 years in prison. Sergeant-at-arms Sean Creighton, who directed the operation and was one of the gunmen, had waited in a [[Rover (marque)|Rover]] with Dane Garside and Simon Turner in a layby on the [[A46 road|A46]] for someone wearing Hells Angels [[Colors (motorcycling)|colours]] to pass. Three others, Karl Garside, Ian Cameron and Dean Taylor, were in a [[Range Rover]] further up the motorway. A seventh member, Malcolm Bull, was in a third car, apparently acting as a link between the two groups.<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2008/nov/28/hells-angels Life for seven motorway killers of biker Gerry Tobin] Duncan Campbell and Angela Balakrishnan, ''[[The Guardian]]'' (28 November 2008)</ref> It is believed that Tobin, while selected at random, was killed due to the fact that the Hells Angels-run Bulldog Bash is held in Outlaws territory, and that the killing may have been sanctioned by Outlaws leadership in the United States.<ref>[https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/did-us-bikers-order-hells-angel-362728 Did U.S. bikers order Hells Angel Gerry Tobin's murder?] Rod Chaytor, ''[[Daily Mirror]]'' (28 November 2008)</ref> Taylor died from cancer aged fifty-six while serving his sentence at [[HM Prison Full Sutton|HMP Full Sutton]] on 14 August 2018.<ref>[https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/hells-angel-murderer-dean-taylor-2879586 Hell's Angel murderer Dean Taylor dies in East Yorkshire prison] Michael Mutch, ''[[Hull Daily Mail]]'' (17 May 2019)</ref>

Up to thirty Outlaws and Hells Angels members engaged in a brawl inside a terminal building at Birmingham Airport on 20 January 2008. After the two groups had found themselves together on a flight from [[Alicante]], Spain, reinforcement were called to meet them at the airport and the subsequent confrontation involved knuckledusters, hammers, a machete and a meat cleaver, and left three men injured.<ref>[news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/8011165.stm Biker gangs 'had airport battle'] [[BBC]] (21 April 2009)</ref> Four Outlaws – Mark Moseley, Neale Harrison, Mark Price, and Jeremy Ball – and three Hells Angels were convicted of rioting. All seven were sentenced to six years each in prison in June 2009. Increased security at the court, for the period of the trial, cost around £1 million.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/8109526.stm Bikers jailed for airport brawl] [[BBC]] (19 June 2009)</ref> Another Outlaws member, Joseph Patrick John Lagrue, absconded before handing himself in to police in September 2011. He was also convicted of rioting and was sentenced to four years in prison in December 2011.<ref>[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/joseph-lagrue-jailed-for-hells-angels-167356 Joseph Lagrue jailed for Hells Angels and Outlaws biker brawl at Birmingham Airport] Steve Bradley, ''[[Birmingham Mail]]'' (21 December 2011)</ref>

Eighteen people were arrested in a series of raids targeting the Outlaws across [[Gloucestershire]] and [[Herefordshire]] after police executed warrants for  drugs and sex offences in September 2013. A firearm, a suspected stolen motorcycle, [[Class A drug|class A]] and [[Class B drug|B]] drugs, a banned breed of dog and offensive weapons were also seized. [[West Mercia Police]] stated after the raids that they consider the Outlaws an organised crime group.<ref>[https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-24281069 Outlaws motorcycle gang targeted by police in raids] [[BBC]] (26 September 2013)</ref>

Outlaws members John Wafford, Gary Jenkins and Malcolm Sheen violently assaulted a member of the Caballeros, a rival motorcycle club, before forcibly removing his colours at a pub in [[Hereford]] on 9 November 2013. The trio were found guilty of conspiracy to commit robbery and were each sentenced to sixteen months in prison in December 2015.<ref>[https://www.herefordtimes.com/news/14145438.three-members-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club-jailed-following-violent-assault-in-hereford/ Three members of Outlaws Motorcycle Club jailed following violent assault in Hereford] Jessica Phillips, ''[[Hereford Times]]'' (15 December 15.)</ref>

Five armed Outlaws members – Jez Ball, David Bird, Stephen Cooper, Robert Haywood and Dean Ramsell – attempted to extort [[Pound sterling|£]]40,000 from the owner of a building firm after luring him to a bogus business meeting in [[Yelverton, Devon|Yelverton]], [[Devon]] on 17 February 2018. Ball, who had worked for the victim's building firm but had fallen out with him over money, organised the attack. The plan failed when the builder was able to escape on foot across a field, and four of the bikers were arrested on the [[M5 motorway|M5]] as they headed back to their homes in [[Derbyshire]] and [[Leicestershire]] after being tracked by a police helicopter. All five pleaded guilty to false imprisonment. In November 2019, Ball was sentenced to four years' imprisonment, Cooper and Haywood to two years and eight months', and Ramsell and Bird for two years and four months'.<ref>[https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/masked-biker-gang-plotted-terrify-3513419 Masked biker gang plotted to terrify builder with arsenal of weapons on Dartmoor] Ted Davenport, ''[[The Herald (Plymouth)|The Herald]]'' (7 November 2019)</ref>

===United States===
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=tQn0DQAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PT164&lpg=RA1-PT164&dq=harry+joseph+bowman+america%27s+most+wanted&source=bl&ots=rt3IxO7QSP&sig=ACfU3U1bmi71ccc-2Ma3prYI4iViDZcyiQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiAhevw1oCBAxV3XkEAHbggDek4ChDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=harry%20joseph%20bowman%20america's%20most%20wanted&f=false

https://cryptome.org/gangs/outlaws.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20230819015635/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/08/22/informer-testifies-on-bikers-bombings-battles/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230718102603/https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/washingtondc/press-releases/2010/wfo061510.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20221222015509/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/outlaws-motorcycle-gang-members-found-guilty
https://web.archive.org/web/20220919161658/https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/outlaws-motorcycle-national-president-sentenced-20-years-prison
https://web.archive.org/web/20230801191842/https://www.progress-index.com/story/news/2011/04/09/biker-gang-leader-sentenced-to/36458411007/


https://web.archive.org/web/20220515172747/https://www.grunge.com/863081/the-untold-truth-of-the-big-four-motorcycle-gangs/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=9645452%3Aambdayton&sort=paper-date-asc

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=43vZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT60&lpg=PT60&dq=sonny+barger+paul+german+ingalls&source=bl&ots=7r03vDfs0t&sig=ACfU3U3hiITag7_dawg6zWe28hWFeKpvsA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiz4fjvwob8AhWahFwKHfpNDOg4ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=sonny%20barger%20paul%20german%20ingalls&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA103&lpg=PA103&dq=outlaws+mc+1982+rico&source=bl&ots=gMKTlAY0it&sig=ACfU3U0u1DdEo0i0H-QOwtZRopbixz_L5A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwin0rHx1Ib8AhVeQkEAHTU3BMc4FBDoAXoECBcQAw#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20mc%201982%20rico&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20140717124952/https://www.adl.org/assets/pdf/combating-hate/ADL_CR_Bigots_on_Bikes_online.pdf

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name=""/>

<ref name="Biker takeover">[https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/biker-takeover-could-bring-shooting-war/article_1a3d1c0e-de95-5cd5-9661-8ab185916278.html Biker takeover could bring "shooting war"] Mark Kiesling, ''[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]]'' (July 24, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Y4JTa |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker takeover"/>

<ref name="Wild Ones">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/04/03/wild-ones-of-yore-get-new-image-organized-crime-on-wheels/1ac284a0-0674-418f-9ac3-507672ce7498/ 'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels] Mary Thornton, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (April 3, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/lZ2sF#selection-683.0-746.0 |date=November 13, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part I">[https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups Mayhem, murder, and cover-ups: part I] theonepercenters.net (September 25, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203004917/https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part I"/>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part II">[https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-1 Mayhem, murder, and cover-ups: part II] theonepercenters.net (September 25, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203005501/https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-1 |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part II"/>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part III">[https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-2 Mayhem, murder, and cover-ups: part III] theonepercenters.net (September 25, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203203422/https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-2 |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part III"/>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part IV">[https://web.archive.org/web/20221203203819/https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-part-iv Mayhem, murder, and cover-ups: part IV] theonepercenters.net (April 29, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221203203422/https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-2 |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cover-ups: Part IV"/>

https://motorcyclemaniac.wordpress.com/2012/01/04/outlaws-are-not-people-your-un-related-to/

Randy Yager
https://gangsterreport.com/outlaws-mcs-mad-yager-tabbed-suspect-in-brothers-slaying/
https://gangsterreport.com/wheeling-dealing-former-outlaws-mc-boss-mad-yager-accepts-plea-avoids-life-in-prison/
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&lpg=PT146&dq=raymond+bear+chaffin&source=bl&ots=IUrxLnUKq0&sig=ACfU3U0-NAU1E3iUCyRk8_I0lrUiJCXZMw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJzdq559WAAxU4UEEAHfA2BuA4ChDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=raymond%20bear%20chaffin&f=false
https://www.nbcsandiego.com/news/local/most-wanted-fugitive-randy-mark-yager-appears-in-court/62818/
https://www.sandiegored.com/en/news/98983/Brother-of-Rosarito-ExFugitive-Randy-Yager-Found-Murdered
https://www.jsonline.com/story/news/crime/2016/04/04/fugitive-outlaws-leader-takes-plea-deal-in-milwaukee/84951908/

====Alabama====
https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/mobile/press-releases/2011/motorcycle-gang-member-convicted-others-plead-guilty

====Arizona====

====Connecticut====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang">[https://lasd.org/pdfjs/web/mcj_Outlaws_OMG.pdf Outlaws Motorcycle Gang] [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (September 1, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210812194329/https://lasd.org/pdfjs/web/mcj_Outlaws_OMG.pdf |date=August 12, 2021 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230807182529/https://www.tauntongazette.com/story/news/2007/08/02/outlaws-criminal-past-long-violent/38127792007/

[[Connecticut Department of Correction]] prison officers James Knight, Gary W. Piscottano and Randy Sabettini were fired on May 6, 2004 due to their membership of the [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]] chapter of the Outlaws. Two other officers, Mark J. Vincenzo and Walter C. Scappini II, received formal counseling for associating with the Outlaws; neither had been a member of the club.<ref>[http://www.corrections.com/articles/2257-prison-officers-fired-for-joining-biker-gang Prison officers fired for joining biker gang] ''[[Ottawa Citizen]]'' (May 25, 2004)</ref> The men appealed against their dismissals, contending that their [[First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment]] rights had been violated. The [[United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit|U.S. Court of Appeals Second Circuit]] decided on December 21, 2007 to uphold the dismissals as the government regards the club as a criminal enterprise.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/ca2/05-3716/05-3716-cv_opn-2011-03-27.html ''Piscottano v. Murphy''] [[Justia]] (December 21, 2007)</ref>

Roger Mariani, a senior member of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] in Connecticut, was shot and killed while riding his motorcycle on the [[Connecticut Turnpike]] in [[West Haven, Connecticut|West Haven]] on April 2, 2006.<ref>[https://www.cbsnews.com/news/slain-hells-angels-leader-buried/ Slain Hells Angels Leader Buried] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160530113550/http://www.cbsnews.com/news/slain-hells-angels-leader-buried/ |date=2016-05-30 }} [[CBS News]] (April 8, 2006)</ref> The shooting happened after a group of over twenty motorcyclists was involved in an altercation with four men travelling in a [[sport utility vehicle]]. Another Hells Angels member, Paul Carrol, was also wounded when shots were fired from the car.<ref>[https://www.southcoasttoday.com/article/20060404/News/304049970 Police say slain motorcyclist was top-ranking Hells Angel] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220927200058/https://www.southcoasttoday.com/story/news/2006/04/04/nine-more-u-s-troops/51213745007/ |date=2022-09-27 }} Cara Rubinsky, [[SouthCoastToday.com]] (April 4, 2006)</ref> Within hours of Mariani's killing, two Hells Angels – Trevor Delaware and Jeffrey Richard – were arrested near the home of an Outlaws member in [[Enfield, Connecticut|Enfield]], in possession of weapons including knives and a loaded gun as well as pages from a classified state police manual that lists identities and addresses of gang members. The pair were charged with weapons possession and theft of a license plate.<ref>[https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2006-04-05-0604050581-story,amp.html Gang suspects had secret files] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210717035937/https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-2006-04-05-0604050581-story,amp.html |date=2021-07-17 }} Gary Libow and Monica Polanco, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 5, 2006)</ref>

The Hells Angels are considered suspects in the murder of Joseph "HoJo" Ferraiolo, the president of the Outlaws' [[Waterbury, Connecticut|Waterbury]] chapter, who died from multiple gunshot wounds after being ambushed outside a tattoo parlor he owned in [[Hamden, Connecticut|Hamden]] on February 9, 2010.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/hojo-ferraiolos-slaying-remains-unsolved-in-conn-feds-worry-repeat-of-biker-turf-war-in-n-e-brewing/ "HoJo" Ferraiolo's Slaying Remains Unsolved In Conn., Feds Worry Repeat Of Biker Turf War In N.E. Brewing] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201025022034/https://gangsterreport.com/hojo-ferraiolos-slaying-remains-unsolved-in-conn-feds-worry-repeat-of-biker-turf-war-in-n-e-brewing/ |date=2020-10-25 }} Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (July 4, 2020)</ref> No one has ever been arrested in the case, which police consider an open investigation.<ref>[https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/outreach/awareness-months/cold-case-joseph-ferriaolo/520-4c6c4832-ec67-4a65-96ae-5ab8b263a241 Cold Case: Joseph Ferriaolo] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200909195237/https://www.fox61.com/article/news/local/outreach/awareness-months/cold-case-joseph-ferriaolo/520-4c6c4832-ec67-4a65-96ae-5ab8b263a241 |date=2020-09-09 }} Samantha Schoenfeld, [[Fox61]] (May 13, 2016)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230810035421/https://www.nhregister.com/news/article/Biker-brotherhood-roars-in-for-funeral-of-11601023.php

https://web.archive.org/web/20100213073837/https://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Police-Possible-biker-gang-ties-to-Hamden-killing-360485.php

https://web.archive.org/web/20230810035907/https://www.courant.com/2010/02/17/burial-saturday-for-shooting-victim-was-a-vietnam-veteran/ / https://archive.ph/sQGoi

Outlaws member Clifford Hemmeler was arrested along with his wife Kelly after the [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives]] (ATF) raided their home in Enfield on June 15, 2010, seizing four guns and illegal steroids. Clifford Hemmeler was charged with criminal possession of a firearm, and possession of controlled substances and drug paraphernalia. The raid was connected to a nationwide investigation which resulted in 27 alleged Outlaws members being indicted by a federal grand jury in Virginia, although Hemmeler only was connected to the case in a peripheral investigation.<ref>[https://www.journalinquirer.com/towns/enfield/outlaw-biker-group-target-of-atf-raid-enfield-fire-official-husband-charged/article_ad2742f2-6382-5e54-a0f6-3065cced4185.html 'Outlaw' biker group target of ATF raid; Enfield fire official, husband charged] Ed Jacovino and Hugh McQuaid, ''[[Journal Inquirer]]'' (July 16, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221008204241/https://www.journalinquirer.com/towns/enfield/outlaw-biker-group-target-of-atf-raid-enfield-fire-official-husband-charged/article_ad2742f2-6382-5e54-a0f6-3065cced4185.html |date=October 8, 2022 }}</ref>

Outlaws members engaged in a mass brawl with members of the [[Diablos Motorcycle Club|Diablos]] which left two people injured at a bar in [[Plainville, Connecticut|Plainville]] on May 16, 2019.<ref>[https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/CT-bar-shut-down-after-fight-between-rival-13870199.php CT bar shut down after fight between rival motorcycle gangs] Lisa Backus, ''[[Connecticut Post]]'' (May 22, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221009204226/https://www.ctpost.com/local/article/CT-bar-shut-down-after-fight-between-rival-13870199.php |date=October 9, 2022 }}</ref>

The Enfield police raided a property belonging to the Outlaws on November 9, 2021. This raid was in relation to the August 5, 2021 homicide of 38 year old Jason Comes, in the neighboring town of [[Somers, Connecticut|Somers]].<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://patch.com/connecticut/enfield/enfield-property-searched-part-homicide-investigation | title=Enfield Property Searched as Part of Homicide Investigation | date=9 November 2021 }}</ref>

https://gangsterreport.com/hojo-ferraiolos-slaying-remains-unsolved-in-conn-feds-worry-repeat-of-biker-turf-war-in-n-e-brewing/

https://www.nbcconnecticut.com/news/local/motorcycle-gangs-examined-in-tattoo-parlor-shooting/1856515/

==== Florida ====
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times-herald/101390284/
https://archive.ph/aMkMR


Florida chapters 
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/230489495/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel-sallie-sarah-grooms/20570060/

1995-96 case
https://archive.ph/uv213

https://web.archive.org/web/20241007031346/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1994/09/29/police-target-biker-outlaws/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/tampa-bay-times/26996370/?locale=en-GB
https://archive.ph/9xAo8
https://web.archive.org/web/20221008204553/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/12/16/biker-gang-buddies-part-ways-in-court/
https://web.archive.org/web/20241007031219/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/12/19/judge-sends-3-outlaws-to-prison/
https://web.archive.org/web/20241007024900/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/01/06/two-outlaws-get-17-21-years/
https://archive.ph/GGYyp
https://archive.ph/fpFMu
https://archive.ph/H0JXc
https://archive.ph/v6vLs

Vinent
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/222762003/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/dayton-daily-news/117543970/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240806194939/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/09/29/racketeering-trial-starts-for-outlaws/

https://web.archive.org/web/20200922211406/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/10/28/state-rests-its-case-against-outlaws/

The FBI's [[FBI Ten Most Wanted Fugitives by decade, 1990's|Ten Most Wanted Fugitive#453]], [[Harry Joseph Bowman|Taco Bowman]], known World Leader of the AOA, in prison since 1999 for three murders, was the international president of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club. During the time that Bowman was a fugitive in 1998, it had chapters in more than 30 cities in the United States and some 20 chapters in at least four other countries. In 2001 he was tried in Jacksonville, Florida,<ref>{{cite news | url= http://jacksonville.com/apnews/stories/031701/D7APOAR01.html | title= Outlaws cheer motorcycle gang leader as racketeering trial looms | first= VICKIE | last= Chachere  | date= March 17, 2001 | newspaper= The Florida Times Union| access-date= November 8, 2012}}</ref>
Federal agents along with the Daytona Beach SWAT Team raided the Outlaws clubhouse on Beach Street in [[Daytona Beach, Florida]]<ref>[http://www.wftv.com/news/13899028/detail.html "FBI Raids Outlaws Motorcycle Club In Daytona Beach"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329233130/http://www.wftv.com/news/13899028/detail.html |date=2010-03-29 }}, ''WFTV News'', August 15, 2007, accessed March 25, 2011.</ref> looking for drugs, weapons, contraband, paraphernalia, etc.; they tore the Daytona Beach clubhouse apart for the better part of the day and found nothing{{Citation needed|date=July 2013}}, but removed as many of the club's pictures and any other possibly identifying information as they could find. Federal agents also raided a home in [[Ormond Beach, Florida|Ormond Beach]] and two other clubhouses around the state. The search of the [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] clubhouses netted federal agents 60 weapons including pocket and kitchen knives.

[[U.S. Attorney General]] [[Alberto Gonzales]] announced a [[Detroit]] [[grand jury]] indictment of 16 of the Outlaws National Club's members.<ref>[https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/2007/August/07_crm_614.html "Members Of “Outlaws Motorcycle Club” Indicted In Detroit On Violent Crime, Drug And Gun Charges"], ''United States Department of Justice'', August 15, 2007, accessed March 25, 2011.</ref> The Detroit grand jury indictment included various charges, including assault and drug distribution. Eleven Outlaws leaders and high-ranking members of the gang were arrested after a five-year investigation. The FBI said several gang members were charged with conspiracy to commit assault on members of the Hells Angels Motorcycle Club in [[Indiana]].

Members of the 69ers motorcycle gang killed Paul Anderson (president of the Cross Bayou Chapter in Pasco County, FL) in a targeted shooting, while Anderson was idling in a truck at a red light. Three members of the 69ers were arrested in December 2017 in connection to the killing.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Sampson |first1=Zachary T. |last2=Solomon |first2=Josh |title=Sheriff: Three arrested in execution of motorcycle gang leader |url=https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/Sheriff-Three-arrested-in-execution-of-motorcycle-gang-leader_163845023/ |website=Tampa Bay Times |date=December 23, 2017}}</ref>

The Outlaws expanded into Florida from the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] after [[Detroit, Michigan]] chapter member Donald "Deke" Tanner began an association with [[Jim Nolan (biker)|James "Big Jim" Nolan]], the president of the Iron Cross motorcycle gang in [[West Palm Beach, Florida|West Palm Beach]].<ref name="Brutal Attack On Young Florida Woman Put The Outlaws MC On The Map A Half-Century Ago">[https://gangsterreport.com/brutal-attack-on-young-florida-woman-put-the-outlaws-mc-on-the-map-a-half-century-ago/ Brutal Attack On Young Florida Woman Put The Outlaws MC On The Map A Half-Century Ago] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 30, 2017)</ref> In July 1967, the Outlaws "patched over" the Iron Cross and three other local biker gangs – the Cossacks, the Half Breeds and the Outcasts – to form the club's [[South Florida]] chapter.{{sfn|Langton|2010|p=43}} The South Florida chapter was subsequently relocated to [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]].{{sfn|Langton|2010|p=45}} The Outlaws underwent a significant expansion in Florida during the 1970s by absorbing other gangs, including the Regents in [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] and the Iron Cross in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]].<ref name="History of Outlaw gang">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/05/05/fbi-agent-describes-history-of-outlaw-gang/ FBI agent describes history of Outlaw gang] Bruce Vielmetti, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (May 5, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.li/DPxq0 |date=July 11, 2023 }}</ref> By 2001, the Outlaws had established eight chapters with a combined membership of approximately 65 throughout the state.<ref name="Motorcycle gang leader gets life">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/07/28/motorcycle-gang-leader-gets-life/ Motorcycle gang leader gets life] Graham Brink, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (July 28, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221025225656/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2001/07/28/motorcycle-gang-leader-gets-life/ |date=October 25, 2022 }}</ref> The Outlaws have more chapters in Florida than in any other U.S. state, and are the preeminent motorcycle gang the state.<ref name="History of Outlaw gang"/><ref name="Ruled by fear">[https://orlandosentinel.newspapers.com/article/44418980/the-orlando-sentinel/ Orlando's Outlaws chapter ruled by fear] Kathy Hartman, ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (December 18, 1978) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712190306/https://orlandosentinel.newspapers.com/article/44418980/the-orlando-sentinel/ |date=July 12, 2023 }}</ref> The club's South Florida faction is associated with the [[American Mafia|Mafia]], providing security for strip clubs, and carrying out arson and extortion under contract from mobsters.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview"/>

===== Sex crimes =====
<ref name="Bombed in Jax">[https://jaxpsychogeo.com/east/outlaw-motorcycle-club-car-bomb-southside-estates/ When the Outlaw Motorcycle Gang was Bombed in Jax] Tom Gilmore, jaxpsychogeo.com (January 1, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230531201411/https://jaxpsychogeo.com/east/outlaw-motorcycle-club-car-bomb-southside-estates/  |date=May 31, 2023 }}</ref>

On November 14, 1967, five Outlaws members – Donald "Mangy" Graves Jr., Francis E. "Fat Frank" Link, Norman "Spider" Risinger, Joe "Squirrel" Sorsby Jr. and John "Crazy Johnny" Wables – kidnapped 19-year-old Christine Deese from a saloon before beating her and nailing her hands to a tree at a park in [[Juno Beach, Florida|Juno Beach]] on November 14, 1967.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=christine+deese+outlaws&source=bl&ots=6snegFj0g1&sig=ACfU3U3sVoQHb8FKKThqEqwxgoB8R4CXbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic_4mFse3oAhWUonEKHcp5BbwQ6AEwF3oECAwQNQ#v=onepage&q=christine%20deese%20outlaws&f=false ''Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets''] Jerry Langton (2010)</ref> The torture was punishment for Deese withholding money she had made from prostitution from Risinger, her pimp.<ref>[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19680320.2.25&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 Teen-ager tells of 'crucifixion' incident] ''[[Madera Tribune]]'' (March 20, 1968)</ref> Deese reported the incident to police after being released, and local bikers Link and Risinger were arrested within days. Graves, Sorsby and Wables,  members of the Outlaws' [[Detroit|Detrot, Michigan]] chapter, were captured two weeks later while being hidden by the Renegades, an Outlaws affiliate club in Detroit. After being extradited from Michigan to Florida, the trio were met at [[Palm Beach International Airport]] by state governor [[Claude R. Kirk Jr.]], who vowed to force the gang out of the state.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT109&lpg=PT109&dq=christine+deese+outlaws&source=bl&ots=YWDlwzLbbm&sig=ACfU3U2gUDNcq3GmxJonXu_Jqg29CuGVQA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwic_4mFse3oAhWUonEKHcp5BbwQ6AEwFHoECAwQLw#v=onepage&q=christine%20deese%20outlaws&f=false ''Outlaws: Inside the Hell's Angel Biker Wars: Inside the Violent World of Biker Gangs''] Tony Thompson (2011)</ref> All five were charged with aggravated assault. Charges against Wables were eventually dropped, and Graves testified for the prosecution at the 1968 trial in which Link, Risinger and Sosby were convicted and sentenced to prison.<ref name="Brutal Attack On Young Florida Woman Put The Outlaws MC On The Map A Half-Century Ago"/>

<ref name="Motorcycle barbarians">[https://archive.org/details/nsia-MotorcycleGroups/nsia-MotorcycleGroups/Motorcycle%20Groups%2001/mode/2up The Motorcycle barbarians] George Nobbe, ''Sunday News'' (December 3, 1967)</ref>

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.folklore.urban/c/xmDKcv-CcXo

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=9MIDKlXj60AC&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=Norman+Spider+Risinger&source=bl&ots=6to7lIh8mU&sig=ACfU3U1PqPyDPRlRqjbPrwXRjwY16TMxvA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjro4SIvLKAAxX9QUEAHfF1D_oQ6AF6BAggEAM#v=onepage&q=Norman%20Spider%20Risinger&f=false





1970 Fort Lauderdale<ref name="Bombed in Jax"/>

1974 Jacksonville<ref name="Bombed in Jax"/>

On August 22, 1974, a 23-year-old woman from [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]] was beaten, burned with cigarettes and lowered into a bathtub full of water, in which four Outlaws members attempted to electrocute her using electronic appliances, after she objected to taking orders from the Outlaws biker with whom she was living with.<ref name="Bombed in Jax"/> Five Outlaws, including Henry "Funky Tim" Amis, were sentenced to prison sentences of between 15 and 20 years for the crime.<ref name="Outlaw Leader Ordered Killings">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/233032367/ Outlaw Leader Ordered Killings, Sheriff Reveals] Chuck Crumbo and Dave Casey, ''[[Fort Lauderdale News]]'' (May 6, 1978) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716210744/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/233032367/ |date=July 16, 2023 }}</ref>

===== Murders =====
The Outlaws are suspected to have committed approximately a hundred murders in Florida during the 1970s and 1980s.<ref>[https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/fred-grimm/article22648743.html South Florida’s Outlaws were undone by their own brazenness] Fred Grimm, ''[[Miami Herald]]'' (May 30, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150622233347/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/news-columns-blogs/fred-grimm/article22648743.html |date=June 22, 2015 }}</ref>

https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/10/10/witness-woman-killed-by-bike-gang/ / https://archive.ph/Cbe41

====== Tammy Crider ======
https://www.reddit.com/r/UnresolvedMysteries/comments/w4tqai/the_murder_of_tammy_crider_and_john_doe_why_were/
https://archive.ph/AO5FR
https://archive.ph/u5hk7#selection-731.33-731.54
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/239265796/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/239263699/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/624665072/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/632838706/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/235603136/
https://www.doenetwork.org/cases/1408umfl.html
https://archive.ph/XPcA8
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-william-harold-kessi/42861501/

====== Susan Bacon ======

====== Ricky Jones ======

====== Mary Lou Rodriguez ======
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT110&lpg=PT110&dq=mary+lou+rodriguez+outlaws&source=bl&ots=YXEeyyKbdf&sig=ACfU3U2a6ohmd6wRZMVOBhfLtaC8FBHAYw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj7mMuIyqiAAxUoT0EAHb8oCv8Q6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=mary%20lou%20rodriguez%20outlaws&f=false

====== James Taylor Thomas ======
https://web.archive.org/web/20230529030318/https://www.odmp.org/officer/13219-police-officer-james-taylor-thomas
https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1993/07/08/gang-member-sought-in-officers-1977-death-arrested/ / https://archive.ph/e4DIM
https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1993/07/22/outlaws-capture-puts-violent-episode-to-rest/ / https://archive.ph/8MUbw

====== Fort Lauderdale quadruple murder ======

===== Drug trafficking =====
Beginning in the 1970s, the Florida faction of the Outlaws gained power and influence within the club by sourcing [[cocaine]] from Colombian and Cuban suppliers, which they then distributed to chapters in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] and on the [[East Coast of the United States|East Coast]].<ref name="ColdCaseFiles">{{cite episode |title = Feds vs. Outlaws |series = Death Row Stories |series-link = |network = [[HLN (TV network)|HLN]] |date = May 6, 2018 |season = 3 |number = 7}}</ref> The [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] chapter has used motorcycle parts businesses to transport cocaine to the [[Detroit]] and [[Louisville, Kentucky]] chapters.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview"/> In addition to cocaine, the Florida Outlaws are involved in the trafficking of designer drugs, [[marijuana]] and [[methamphetamine]], with narcotics being smuggled from Haiti via air and sea. Outlaws members own property in [[South Florida]] where smugglers dock and unload their boats.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview"/><ref name="The Outlaws">[http://www.segag.org/mcgangs/outlaws.html The Outlaws Motorcycle Club] segag.org {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220928193700/http://www.segag.org/mcgangs/outlaws.html |date=September 26, 2022 }}</ref> The club manufactures and distributes methamphetamine in the [[Fort Lauderdale, Florida|Fort Lauderdale]] area.<ref name="The Outlaws"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230801164450/https://www.jacksonville.com/story/news/crime/2011/08/30/feds-bust-ne-florida-meth-operations-jacksonville-clay-and-st-johns/15891526007/

http://www.firstcoastnews.com/news/local/news-article.aspx?storyid=89130
FBI Raids Outlaws Motorcycle Club Compound

JACKSONVILLE, FL -- In a precise and coordinated raid, the FBI searched buildings associated with the Outlaws Motorcycle Club in several cities Wednesday. Agents scoured a fenced compound in Arlington for hours.

With help from the Jacksonville Sheriff's Office, the FBI searched a compound on Holland Street, near State Road 9A and Merrill Road.

As morning traffic buzzed by on the Southside Connector, the feds and their friends flooded the wooded side street. They stormed at least two large sheds, a house, and other buildings.

Signs hanging on the fence out front read "Outlaw" and "Clubhouse."

Neighbors -- too worried about retribution to talk on camera -- say agents banged on buildings in the back of the compound at about 7 a.m. Other officers and agents swarmed the main house.

The search that followed stretched into the afternoon.

The FBI wouldn't say what it seized inside the 1.5 acre compound of buildings and sheds.

Neighbors said agents brought out bags full of evidence and even hauled away some plants -- but they neighbors weren't sure what kind of plants.

The Arlington raid started at the same time as one in Daytona Beach and another in Citrus County, an hour north of Tampa.

"The indictment paints a picture not of a harmless group of motorcycle enthusiasts, but of an international, organized, and violent criminal gang," said U.S. Attorney General Alberto Gonzales.

Gonzales was in Detroit, where another raid snagged eleven Outlaws members who've been indicted for a range of crimes involving extortion, drugs, and guns. Five more Outlaws members from the Detroit area are still at large, Gonzales said.

"The indictment alleges that the defendants committed, attempted, and threatened to commit acts of violence to protect and expand the gang's criminal operations," Gonzales said.

Around six o'clock Wednesday, driving cars and a van stuffed with evidence from an eleven-hour search, the feds rolled out.

Then the Outlaws rolled in. A group of bikers roared down the road and pulled back into the fenced complex.

The FBI did not announce any arrests from their day-long Arlington raid, but Gonzales did promise more prosecutions in the future.

===== Gang wars =====
====== Hells Angels ======
Alexander-Rogers
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=sandy+alexander+peter+greased+lightning+rogers&source=bl&ots=LVT7Z6qK8X&sig=ACfU3U1UKtTrcXFnt9-q5UHdnajsDeDhhA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji7vWbubKAAxULLsAKHZT_Cs04ChDoAXoECA8QAw#v=onepage&q=sandy%20alexander%20peter%20greased%20lightning%20rogers&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=sandy+alexander+peter+greased+lightning+rogers&source=bl&ots=YXEeBCJcaj&sig=ACfU3U1GbIHCZRXANiN87ndCgVqSzVb5Tw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji7vWbubKAAxULLsAKHZT_Cs04ChDoAXoECA0QAw#v=onepage&q=sandy%20alexander%20peter%20greased%20lightning%20rogers&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=23lWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT53&lpg=PT53&dq=sandy+alexander+peter+greased+lightning+rogers&source=bl&ots=zstTIxGQ8o&sig=ACfU3U1RL5YsBmzeipKDDJdVEuA4J6Wtgg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji7vWbubKAAxULLsAKHZT_Cs04ChDoAXoECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=sandy%20alexander%20peter%20greased%20lightning%20rogers&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Cq5jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT14&lpg=PT14&dq=sandy+alexander+peter+greased+lightning+rogers&source=bl&ots=14SNRZKJEM&sig=ACfU3U3odiE61RMwMRm_6rWRc399GmQHnQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwji7vWbubKAAxULLsAKHZT_Cs04ChDoAXoECA4QAw#v=onepage&q=sandy%20alexander%20peter%20greased%20lightning%20rogers&f=false


Three members of the Hells Angels' [[Lowell, Massachusetts]] chapter – George "Whiskey G" Hartman, Edwin "Riverboat" Riley and Albert "Oskie" Simmons – were bound and gagged before being killed with shotguns by Outlaws members after being lured to a [[Broward County, Florida|Broward County]] rock pit under the pretense of a drug deal on April 30, 1974. The killings were ordered by Outlaws South Florida chapter founder James "Big Jim" Nolan as revenge after Hartman, Riley and Simmons had assaulted a South Florida Outlaws member at a New Year’s Eve party in New York City. Simmons had left the Hells Angels in the weeks after the New Year’s incident, and Hartman and Riley travelled to Florida to retrieve club-issued regalia from him when they recieved a deceptive peace offering from the Outlaws in a purported narcotics transaction. Nolan was put on trial for the triple homicide three times and, after two mistrials, was found not guilty by a jury. The triple murder case against Nolan was built on the testimony of Billy "Gator Mouth" Edson and Ralph "Lucifer" Yannotta, two Outlaws who admitted their involvement in the massacre. Edson decided to cooperate after being arrested in a non-related case in Canada in 1976, naming himself, Yannotta and fellow Florida Outlaws Norman "Spider" Risinger and Henry "Funky Tim" Amis as those chosen by Nolan to eliminate the three Hells Angels. Yannotta followed suit, took the stand against Nolan and entered the [[Federal Witness Protection Program|Witness Protection Program]]. Amis was convicted of the murders; he was stabbed to death in prison almost decade a later. Risinger was apprehended in a routine traffic stop in rural Indiana in 1991.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-can-be-traced-back-to-1974-triple-murder-in-south-florida/ Legendary Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Can Be Traced Back To 1974 Triple Murder In South Florida] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 23, 2017)</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT80&lpg=PT80&dq=Norman+Spider+Risinger&source=bl&ots=YXEeBCJjhd&sig=ACfU3U2Nlc4Ynb8MEPtHC3C7ADx2sPilMw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjro4SIvLKAAxX9QUEAHfF1D_oQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=Norman%20Spider%20Risinger&f=false

"Gatemouth" Edson flips<ref name="Bikes 'n drugs">[https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikes-n-drugs-messing-with-outlaws-can-bring/article_8433b954-2053-5825-a105-628a2ae31de2.html Bikes 'n drugs] Mark Kiesling, ''[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]]'' (May 10, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.li/buhP0#selection-3145.0-3145.14 |date=April 3, 2023 }}</ref>

Risinger FBI
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ro9aj_-aaWIC&pg=PA32&lpg=PA32&dq=Norman+Spider+Risinger&source=bl&ots=mUIDxBT9S2&sig=ACfU3U31CYhUyR0F1qztcN_dnMWmsCK9Fw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjro4SIvLKAAxX9QUEAHfF1D_oQ6AF6BAghEAM#v=onepage&q=Norman%20Spider%20Risinger&f=false



Jacksonville car bomb 1976<ref name="Bombed in Jax"/>

====== Warlocks ======
Outlaws bikers allegedly ambushed and robbed members of the [[Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Florida)|Warlocks]] of their club "[[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]]" and other personal belongings at gunpoint during what was purported to be a peace meeting in [[Orlando, Florida|Orlando]] on [[Thanksgiving (United States)|Thanksgiving Day]], November 25, 1976.<ref name="Glorifying bums">[https://orlandosentinel.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel/44416990/ 'Stop glorifying those bums'] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (June 11, 1977) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712193304/https://orlandosentinel.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel/44416990/ |date=July 12, 2023 }}</ref>

Chaffin
https://web.archive.org/web/20240910204537/https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1991/02/27/slaying-doesnt-point-to-a-biker-war-police-say/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230812001910/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/03/04/officers-crash-biker-s-funeral/

https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1991/09/05/daughter-linked-to-killing/ / https://archive.ph/Jt9Ix

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-orlando-sentinel-murder-cases-in-edg/31815872/?locale=en-GB

====== Pagans ======
The Outlaws have been involved in a rivalry with the [[Pagan's Motorcycle Club|Pagans]] in [[Central Florida]].<ref name="Ruled by fear"/> The clubs first clashed at [[Daytona Bike Week]] in 1976.{{sfn|Barker|2007|p=9}}

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/952/1567/367568/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/2993906/lucifer_indian_bill_and_harless/

https://orlandomemory.info/people/richard-farless-dickie-farless/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220904113726/https://eu.news-journalonline.com/story/news/crime/2018/04/02/1-year-later-murder-of-daytona-outlaws-biker-louie-da-lip-remains-unsolved/12835774007/

<ref name="Outlaw Leader Ordered Killings">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/233032367/ Outlaw Leader Ordered Killings, Sheriff Reveals] Chuck Crumbo and Dave Casey, ''[[Fort Lauderdale News]]'' (May 6, 1978) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230716210744/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/233032367/ |date=July 16, 2023 }}</ref>

====== Kingsmen ======
https://web.archive.org/web/20230715194256/https://www.dailycommercial.com/story/news/local/leesburg/2019/09/20/charges-dropped-against-4-outlaws-members-in-2017-killing/2739888007/

https://archive.ph/CreFR

====== 69ers ======
https://torontosun.com/news/world/bikers-guilty-of-killing-florida-outlaws-president

===== Infighting =====
The Outlaws' [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]] chapter was formed by former [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] chapter president Wilson Tony "Roadblock" Harrell in 1975.<ref name="History of Outlaw gang"/>

===== Violent incidents =====
A [[Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office (Florida)|Hillsborough County Sheriff's Office]] drug raid on the Outlaws' clubhouse in [[Tampa, Florida|Tampa]] on October 14, 1976 resulted in a shootout when club member Harry Charles "Harpo" Ruby opened fire with a shotgun, leaving three sheriff's deputies wounded, including one – William Strickland – paralyzed.<ref name="An Outlaws motorcycle club leader's assassination adds to Tampa Bay's bloody biker gang history">[https://www.tampabay.com/data/2019/01/10/an-outlaws-motorcycle-club-leaders-assassination-adds-to-tampa-bays-bloody-biker-gang-history/ An Outlaws motorcycle club leader's assassination adds to Tampa Bay's bloody biker gang history] Gabrielle Calise, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (January 10, 2019)</ref>  Ruby was shot in the head by return fire and suffered brain damage.<ref name="Outlaw bikers: the Outlaws"/> He was charged with three counts of attempted first-degree murder, possession of a short-barreled shotgun and possession of marijuana, while the other seven people in the house were also arrested and charged with felony possession of marijuana and weapons. Charges against Ruby were dismissed in June 1979 as he was deemed unable to help with his defense due to his impairment.<ref>[https://tampabay.newspapers.com/clip/46206022/the-tampa-tribune/ Outlaws] ''[[The Tampa Tribune]]'' (July 5, 1979)</ref> On October 6, 1982, Ruby was again indicted on the three attempted murder charges as part of a [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act|Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act]] case against the Outlaws. Declared competent to stand trial despite being brain damaged, partially blind and partially paralyzed, he was convicted on April 1, 1983 and died in federal prison in 2001.<ref name="''United States of America v. Ronald Watchmaker, Christopher Keating, Eugene Michael Marcaccio, Jr., Wilson Tony Harrell, Roger White, Harry Ruby, Kenneth Hart, Charles Gibson, Scott Seaver, Edward L. Lackey, Charles E. Graves''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/761/1459/277378/ ''United States of America v. Ronald Watchmaker, Christopher Keating, Eugene Michael Marcaccio, Jr., Wilson Tony Harrell, Roger White, Harry Ruby, Kenneth Hart, Charles Gibson, Scott Seaver, Edward L. Lackey, Charles E. Graves'']  [[Justia]] (May 30, 1985)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20220902203029/https://eu.news-journalonline.com/story/news/courts/2022/09/02/florida-man-found-guilty-shooting-outlaws-motorcycle-club-member-outside-froggys/7970405001/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230715193340/https://www.news4jax.com/news/2014/11/07/biker-group-outlaws-known-for-crime/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230715194107/https://www.pnj.com/story/news/crime/2022/06/21/escambia-outlaws-motorcycle-club-member-arrested-after-leaving-man-broken-bones/7688571001/

https://eu.news-journalonline.com/story/news/courts/2023/01/25/outlaws-biker-who-ran-out-of-gas-while-fleeing-deputies-sentenced/69836484007/

===== RICO cases =====
Sixteen patchwearing and probationary members of the Outlaws' [[Jacksonville, Florida|Jacksonville]] and Tampa chapters were indicted by a federal grand jury on RICO charges on October 6, 1982. Ten of those were arrested in simultaneous raids carried out in Jacksonville, [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]], [[Ocala, Florida|Ocala]], [[Buffalo, New York]] and [[Oklahoma City, Oklahoma]] on November 2, 1982. Three others were already serving prison sentences, while a fourteenth club member was apprehended in [[Dallas, Texas]] in January 1983. Two others, Randall Frederick Perkins and Michael Edward Corbett, remain at large.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/01/31/Fourteen-members-of-the-Outlaws-the-largest-motorcEle-gang/6063412837200/ Fourteen members of the Outlaws, the largest motorcycle gang...]  J. Paul Wyatt, [[United Press International]] (January 31, 1983)</ref> On April 1, 1983, thirteen of the fourteen were convicted on charges of murder, attempted murder, prostitution, extortion, drug distribution and witness intimidation. Sentencing took place on July 1, 1983, and individualized sentences of eight to forty years were imposed. Testimony at the trial from former Outlaws members and prostitutes who worked for the club revealed that the Outlaws were involved in the distribution of marijuana, cocaine and Quaaludes, and in a prostitution ring in [[Meridian, Mississippi]].<ref name="''United States of America v. Ronald Watchmaker, Christopher Keating, Eugene Michael Marcaccio, Jr., Wilson Tony Harrell, Roger White, Harry Ruby, Kenneth Hart, Charles Gibson, Scott Seaver, Edward L. Lackey, Charles E. Graves''"/> The murder charge was related to the 1978 killing of Richard Earl "Ricky" Jones, who was shot dead in revenge for a drug rip-off in Jacksonville. John Joseph "J.J." Hall, the Tampa chapter president, pleaded guilty to second-degree murder in Jones' death and cooperated with investigators before entering the Witness Protection Program. Hall informed authorities that he and fellow Outlaws member Kenneth Robert Hart had murdered Jones, and also provided information on the February 8, 1981 contract killing of drug dealer Robert Lee Collins, who was in the process of testifying against several co-conspirators when he was killed in [[New Orleans, Louisiana]] by a car bomb planted by Outlaws members "Quick" Carl Henry Holley and Clarence Michael "Smitty" Smith.<ref name="An Explosive Situation: Early-80s Tampa Biker Boss J.J. Hall Joined Team U.S.A After Falling In Outlaws MC Case">[https://gangsterreport.com/an-explosive-situation-early-80s-tampa-biker-boss-j-j-hall-joined-team-u-s-a-after-falling-in-outlaws-mc-case/ An Explosive Situation: Early-80s Tampa Biker Boss J.J. Hall Joined Team U.S.A After Falling In Outlaws MC Case] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 7, 2017)</ref>


https://archive.ph/qXLLk

https://archive.ph/tZja7

https://web.archive.org/web/20150914144716/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/737/971/233014/

https://archive.ph/hKkD3

https://web.archive.org/web/20230717221547/https://www.news-journalonline.com/story/news/2013/10/19/outlaw-biker-asks-judge-to-toss-1975-conviction-in-killing/30640979007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230717221632/https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/761/761.F2d.1459.83-3425.html




https://web.archive.org/web/20230801152952/https://artscolumbia.org/biker-gangs-the-outlaws-mc-42187-60763/

https://web.archive.org/web/20170806123348/http://alex6379.blogspot.com/2012/03/outlaws-mc.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA4&lpg=PA4&dq=john+davis+outlaws+mc&source=bl&ots=gMMSqsVYmn&sig=ACfU3U1WbNmZlTYbBmSehqUAgX0hZjGmLw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj5r_e94buAAxUJBMAKHSSYCHQQ6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=john%20davis%20outlaws%20mc&f=false

<ref name="Bikers Behind Bars">[https://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/outlaws-bikers-behind-bars The Outlaws: Bikers Behind Bars] uscourts.gov {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221106222117/https://www.flmd.uscourts.gov/outlaws-bikers-behind-bars |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Organized Crime in America">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf Organized Crime in America] p. 73 [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921165901/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf |date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Fourteen Outlaws on trial">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/01/30/Fourteen-members-of-the-Outlaws-motorcEle-gang-go-on/7971412750800/ Fourteen Outlaws go on trial] [[United Press International]] (January 30, 1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/qXLLk |date=July 15, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Jury clears biker">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/36311074/fort_lauderdale_news/ Jury clears biker of 4 murders] Kathleen Pellegrino, ''[[Fort Lauderdale News]]'' (June 29, 1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719211627/https://www.newspapers.com/article/36311074/fort_lauderdale_news/ |date=July 19, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws comeback">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1985-12-15-8502260482-story.html Outlaws making comeback] Buddy Nevins, ''[[Sun-Sentinel]]'' (December 15, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/0e1hw |date=November 6, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws making comeback">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1985/12/15/outlaws-making-comeback/ Outlaws making comeback] ''[[Sun Sentinel]]'' (December 15, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/GGUvp |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws get sentences">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1989/08/29/outlaws-get-long-prison-sentences/ Outlaws get long prison sentences] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (August 29, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Xpf9B |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker leader gets 50-year sentence">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1989/10/24/biker-leader-gets-50-year-sentence-judge-to-recommend-full-term-for-outlaw/ Biker leader gets 50-year sentence; Judge to recommend full term for Outlaw] ''[[Sun Sentinel]]'' (October 24, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/PUgHl |date=July 15, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Battle brews">[https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1990/07/21/battle-brews-over-effort-to-seize-outlaws-clubhouse/ Battle brews over effort to seize Outlaws' clubhouse] ''[[Sun Sentinel]]'' (July 21, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/vyk9P |date=July 19, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Agents raid clubhouse">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1995/03/01/agents-raid-outlaws-clubhouse/ Agents raid Outlaws clubhouse] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (March 1, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/GSVfe |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Some Outlaws found guilty">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/08/30/some-outlaws-found-guilty-two-acquitted/ Some Outlaws found guilty; two acquitted] Bruce Vielmetti, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (August 30, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/v6vLs |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Legendary fear">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1995-09-10-9509100181-story.html Legendary fear of biker gangs still reigns today] Christopher Quinn, ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (September 10, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/c3kWl |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaw's road">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/09/17/an-outlaw-s-road/ An Outlaw's road] Bruce Vielmetti, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (September 17, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723211910/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/09/17/an-outlaw-s-road/ |date=July 23, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Woman recalls life">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1995/12/17/woman-recalls-life-as-property-of-outlaw-enforcer/ Woman recalls life as 'property' of Outlaw enforcer] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (December 15, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/f1wbT |date=July 15, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Deadly flashback">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1995-12-17-9512160894-story.html Deadly flashback: Spaziano focus of Chicago probe] Michael Griffin and Jim Leusner, ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (December 17, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Nj5zt#selection-173.0-173.31 |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Former Outlaws president gets 49 years">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/12/20/former-outlaws-president-gets-49-year-term/ Former Outlaws president gets 49-year term] Bruce Vielmetti, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (December 20, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/J6jMs#selection-1329.0-1408.0 |date=December 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Speziano enjoyed killing">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/01/08/former-outlaw-spaziano-enjoyed-killing/ Former Outlaw: Speziano enjoyed killing] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (January 8, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/EDlW7 |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bikers hit">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1996/11/14/bikers-hit-with-more-charges/ Bikers hit with more charges] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (November 14, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/v7OAQ |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Despite crackdown">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/12/01/despite-crackdown-outlaws-likely-to-stay/ Despite crackdown, Outlaws likely to stay] ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (December 1, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230808211053/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/12/01/despite-crackdown-outlaws-likely-to-stay/ |date=August 8, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://apnews.com/6accb33ac8282e58c8f3ef4eed61a867 Recent Busts Not Likely to Keep Outlaws Down for Long] Evan Perez, [[Associated Press]] (December 2, 1996)</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws leader ordered killings">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/10/07/outlaws-leader-ordered-killings-ex-dancer-testifies/ Outlaws leader ordered killings, ex-dancer testifies] Larry Dougherty, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (October 7, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230712030652/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/10/07/outlaws-leader-ordered-killings-ex-dancer-testifies/ |date=July 12, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Former leader denies role in killings">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/11/07/former-outlaws-leader-denies-role-in-6-killings/ Former Outlaws leader denies role in 6 killings] Larry Dougherty, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (November 7, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724232756/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/11/07/former-outlaws-leader-denies-role-in-6-killings/ |date=July 24, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws members guilty">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/11/22/outlaws-members-guilty-jury-says/ Outlaws members guilty, jury says] Richard Danielson, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (November 22, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230724230940/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/11/22/outlaws-members-guilty-jury-says/ |date=July 24, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws feel like outcasts">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1998-03-04-9803040556-story.html The Outlaws feel like outcasts] Derek Catron, ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (March 4, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/aWWxz |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws feel like outcasts">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/1998/03/04/the-outlaws-feel-like-outcasts/ Outlaws feel like outcasts] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (March 4, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/0oLn3 |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws leader is sentenced">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/05/15/outlaws-leader-is-sentenced/ Outlaws leader is sentenced] ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (May 15, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719200553/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/05/15/outlaws-leader-is-sentenced/ |date=July 19, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Central Florida has history of violent gangs">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2012/10/08/central-florida-has-long-history-of-violent-biker-gangs/ Central Florida has long history of violent biker gangs] ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (October 8, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/4zpqP#selection-1205.4-1232.0 |date=July 17, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws challenging clubs">[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/2017/05/24/outlaws-challenging-motorcycle-clubs-throughout-florida-cops-say/ Outlaws challenging ‘motorcycle clubs throughout Florida,’ cops say] Jason Ruiter, ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (May 24, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/CreFR#selection-1245.4-1245.71 |date=July 15, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Explosive Situation">[https://gangsterreport.com/an-explosive-situation-early-80s-tampa-biker-boss-j-j-hall-joined-team-u-s-a-after-falling-in-outlaws-mc-case/ An Explosive Situation: Early-80s Tampa Biker Boss J.J. Hall Joined Team U.S.A After Falling In Outlaws MC Case] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (November 22, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181122170842/https://gangsterreport.com/an-explosive-situation-early-80s-tampa-biker-boss-j-j-hall-joined-team-u-s-a-after-falling-in-outlaws-mc-case/ |date=November 22, 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws leader’s assassination">[https://www.tampabay.com/data/2019/01/10/an-outlaws-motorcycle-club-leaders-assassination-adds-to-tampa-bays-bloody-biker-gang-history/ An Outlaws motorcycle club leader’s assassination adds to Tampa Bay’s bloody biker gang history] Gabrielle Calise, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (January 10, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190110215106/https://www.tampabay.com/data/2019/01/10/an-outlaws-motorcycle-club-leaders-assassination-adds-to-tampa-bays-bloody-biker-gang-history/ |date=January 10, 2019 }}</ref>



<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/article/33014577/south_florida_sun_sentinel/

https://archive.ph/nA9Q7

https://archive.ph/ocZXu

https://web.archive.org/web/20230719214054/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/09/07/spaziano-tearfully-insists-he-s-innocent/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230719214432/https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2008/10/15/spaziano-parole-bid-is-rejected-again/25958706007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230719214734/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/opinions/1995/08/05/the-case-of-the-hypnotized-witness/22c9bb03-fb21-4382-a8a4-b73828149fad/

https://archive.ph/qjDUW

https://web.archive.org/web/20230719214811/https://archive.nytimes.com/query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage-990CE5D7103EF932A35753C1A963958260.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230510095303/https://law.justia.com/cases/florida/supreme-court/1981/50250-0-0.html

https://archive.ph/3tN0d

https://archive.ph/zFPx5

https://archive.ph/fohZP

https://web.archive.org/web/20230719222821/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/10/08/dying-man-s-words-on-shooter-unclear/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230719222938/https://casetext.com/case/hegney-v-hogsten-2

https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1702&context=thirdcircuit_2008


https://orlandosentinel.newspapers.com/profile/fergysand/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15761453/william-zuschin-outlaw-mc-arrest-photo/

https://prohic.nl/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2020-06-08-OutlawMotorcycleClubsOrganizedCrime.June2020.pdf

Nolan RICO 1986 https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-11th-circuit/1336426.html

https://archive.vn/cENRL

https://web.archive.org/web/20221031000135/https://gangsterreport.com/outlaws-homecoming-florida-outlaws-mc-sees-one-member-die-two-more-reborn-with-return-to-the-streets/

https://web.archive.org/web/20190714042307/https://gangsterreport.com/an-explosive-situation-early-80s-tampa-biker-boss-j-j-hall-joined-team-u-s-a-after-falling-in-outlaws-mc-case/

https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1988/06/05/trial-sheds-light-on-outlaws-lifestyle-prosecution-of-gang-members-unearths-allegations-of-murder-drugs-extortion/ / https://archive.ph/OYBiJ

https://www.newsbreak.com/bay-county-fl/3022772714418-outlaws-member-arrested-in-florida-after-brutal-beating-that-left-victim-permanently-disfigured

https://web.archive.org/web/20180602184419/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article22137447.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207072501/https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2012/03/30/racist-bikers-busted-undercover-florida-probe

https://web.archive.org/web/20190205051839/https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/local/two-locals-among-17-pleas-in-drug-trafficking-operation-targeting-outlaw-motorcycle-clubs/914733296/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230728133610/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19961115&slug=2359905

Hansen
https://web.archive.org/web/20230603081449/https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/cia-operatives-barrels-of-whiskey-and-a-biker-named-thor-6390821
https://web.archive.org/web/20230201170239/https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/outlaw-biker-thor-hansen-will-be-deported-back-to-norway-ending-wild-tale-of-whisky-and-cia-operatives-6472415
https://web.archive.org/web/20201112021153/https://www.browardpalmbeach.com/news/cia-operatives-barrels-of-whiskey-and-a-biker-named-thor-6350374
https://web.archive.org/web/20230728131639/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/08/15/captured-fugitive-awaits-60-year-cocaine-term/
https://www.sun-sentinel.com/2013/01/16/former-outlaws-gang-leader-defends-himself-in-bizarre-trial/ / https://archive.ph/KFtsk
https://www.sun-sentinel.com/1997/08/14/16-year-fugitive-expected-in-court/ / https://archive.ph/jLHPm

Crawford 1978
https://www.floridasupremecourt.org/content/download/372829/file/05-1613_Ans.pdf
https://law.justia.com/cases/florida/supreme-court/1982/55875-0.html
http://www.floridacapitalcases.state.fl.us/Documents/Case_updates/Htm/067048.html
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/fl-supreme-court/1193861.html
https://wfsu.org/gavel2gavel/transcript/pdfs/00-1148.pdf


https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15761453/william-zuschin-outlaw-mc-arrest-photo/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/231635753/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3927191/james-e-owings-aka-norman-e-spider/
https://newspaperarchive.com/kannapolis-daily-independent-nov-23-1967-p-33/

Yannotta
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4464933/asbury-park-press/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2752623/lucifer-milanos-young-girls/
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19741107&id=y2o0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=zg4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4924,1131014&hl=en
<ref name="'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/04/03/wild-ones-of-yore-get-new-image-organized-crime-on-wheels/1ac284a0-0674-418f-9ac3-507672ce7498/ 'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels] Mary Thornton, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (April 3, 1982)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20210818181623/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/01/17/spaziano-case-hinges-on-one-man/

http://www.oocities.org/willemfh/laura2.htm

<ref>[https://www.orlandosentinel.com/news/os-xpm-1996-01-08-9601070595-story,amp.html Former Outlaw: Spaziano enjoyed killing] Jim Leusner and Michael Griffin, ''[[Orlando Sentinel]]'' (January 8, 1996)</ref>

In August 1981, Nolan was arrested for illegal firearm possession connected to the July 11, 1981 shooting death of John McQuillen at a Tucson biker bar

https://www.tribpub.com/gdpr/sun-sentinel.com/

<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/55/1525/579160/ ''United States of America v. James Walter Starrett, Timothy Kevin Duke, Michael Lee Cave, Donald Joe Sears, James Thomas Nolan, Frederick Joseph Hegney''] [[Justia]] (June 27, 1995)</ref>

<ref name="An Outlaws motorcycle club leader's assassination adds to Tampa Bay's bloody biker gang history"/>

1996 <ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/11/14/Seven-Outlaw-gang-members-arrested/9883847947600/ Seven Outlaw gang members arrested] [[United Press International]] (November 14, 1996)</ref>

2003 <ref>[https://www.theledger.com/article/LK/20031001/News/608117916/LL Outlaws Gang Leader Convicted] Vickie Chachere, ''[[The Ledger]]'' (October 1, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230801193952/https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2003/10/01/outlaws-gang-leader-convicted/26076734007/ |date=August 1, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://jaxpsychogeo.com/east/outlaw-motorcycle-club-car-bomb-southside-estates/ Outlaw Motorcycle Club, Car Bomb, Southside Estates]</ref>

In December 1981, five members of the Outlaws were convicted in Tampa in an interstate prostitution ring.<ref name="'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels"/>

Mike Lynn, Daytona Outlaws

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA51&lpg=PA51&dq=harry+bowman+tocco&source=bl&ots=w-tLRCovL9&sig=ACfU3U0VXWRzr1JQ-oh4XOHoRrTGITg8aQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiA-p_psKn6AhVPh1wKHc4bB7kQ6AF6BAgvEAM#v=onepage&q=harry%20bowman%20tocco&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20221002183228/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/05/09/outlaw-informant-tells-tale-of-ambush-and-terror/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220929194803/https://weartv.com/news/local/two-men-wanted-for-fight-between-biker-gangs-at-milton-bar

In 1995, a federal jury in Tampa found 14 members and associates of the club guilty of a variety of charges ranging from misdemeanor marijuana sales to trafficking in cocaine, transfer of illegal guns and conspiracy to fire-bomb a rival club's headquarters.<ref name="Prosecutors"/>

In 1997 four men, including former Florida president Clarence Smith, were convicted on a variety of counts.<ref name="Former motorcycle club president">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1999/07/07/former-motorcycle-club-president-appears-in-court/ Former motorcycle club president appears in court] ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (June 7, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220923162750/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1999/07/07/former-motorcycle-club-president-appears-in-court/ |date= September 23, 2022 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230728133610/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19961115&slug=2359905

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/11/14/Seven-Outlaw-gang-members-arrested/9883847947600/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221016204737/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/04/24/former-outlaw-president-cuts-a-deal/

<ref name="Federal indictments zero in on bikers">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/11/14/federal-indictments-zero-in-on-bikers/ Federal indictments zero in on bikers] Katherine Shaver, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (November 14, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019201054/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/11/14/federal-indictments-zero-in-on-bikers/ |date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>


https://apnews.com/article/87affaa1fbe9b11e0df187da790247d3

https://www.upi.com/Archives/2001/04/17/Biker-convicted-of-murder-racketeering/2925987480000/

https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-still-prevalent-in-florida-tampa-bay-area/2230898/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220929195439/https://www.tampabay.com/news/publicsafety/crime/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-still-prevalent-in-florida-tampa-bay-area/2230898/

https://www.tampabay.com/data/2019/01/10/an-outlaws-motorcycle-club-leaders-assassination-adds-to-tampa-bays-bloody-biker-gang-history/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220929195323/https://www.tampabay.com/data/2019/01/10/an-outlaws-motorcycle-club-leaders-assassination-adds-to-tampa-bays-bloody-biker-gang-history/

https://apnews.com/6accb33ac8282e58c8f3ef4eed61a867

https://web.archive.org/web/20221008170028/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/05/09/outlaw-informant-tells-tale-of-ambush-and-terror/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221008203044/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/03/02/biker-club-members-arrested-for-arson/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15761453/william-zuschin-outlaw-mc-arrest-photo/
https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/12/16/biker-gang-buddies-part-ways-in-court/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230711223234/https://www.jacksonville.com/story/news/crime/2013/09/17/notorious-outlaws-motorcycle-gang-active-jacksonville-area-prosecutor/15816162007/

https://archive.ph/ra7u3

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-11th-circuit/1336426.html

https://archive.ph/DPxq0

[[Aryan Nations]]<ref name="Extremism in Florida"/>
https://web.archive.org/web/20160306165556/https://www.splcenter.org/fighting-hate/intelligence-report/2012/robert-killians-years-posing-neo-nazi-biker-cost-him-dearly

https://web.archive.org/web/20230801183104/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/09/24/outlaw-bike-gangs-said-on-rise/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230801185837/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/05/13/former-outlaw-gets-5-years-for-role-in-conspiracy/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=GfClRv2lM5EC&pg=PA156&lpg=PA156&dq=outlaws+methamphetamine+florida&source=bl&ots=ow6R1qLf6L&sig=ACfU3U2CIBm22VoOoan4ZIwAzaF9XH6K5g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitpL3wkbyAAxVXTUEAHd2ODqY4FBDoAXoECB4QAw#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20methamphetamine%20florida&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=iorrYdTiZ3sC&pg=PA260&lpg=PA260&dq=outlaws+methamphetamine+florida&source=bl&ots=lCyMMaIk4W&sig=ACfU3U1KPQnT9GMQwhEmdcQahvfugAXMWg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwitpL3wkbyAAxVXTUEAHd2ODqY4FBDoAXoECBsQAw#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20methamphetamine%20florida&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20221017202628/https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2004/01/31/outlaws-gang-leader-gets-prison-sentence/31296533007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20150723225915/https://www.miamiherald.com/news/local/article22137447.html

https://www.newspapers.com/article/26819771/tampa-bay-times/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230813013307/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1995/06/30/court-upholds-outlaw-convictions/

https://www.capecodtimes.com/story/news/2003/10/31/bikers-mowed-down-by-angry/50942779007/
https://www.theledger.com/story/news/2003/11/01/suspect-in-biker-deaths-asks-for-the-death-penalty/26081842007/
https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/10/31/driver-plows-through-bikers/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2003/11/01/nation-in-brief/5cbf4b4a-6c4e-4cb9-929c-2b23f43a3ae1/
https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2004/oct/09/man-guilty-of-murdering-gang-members/
https://www.ocala.com/story/news/2003/11/01/hit-and-run-accused-says-hes-guilty-wants-to-be-executed/31284351007/

https://archive.ph/a8C0L

https://archive.ph/8AkEi

https://web.archive.org/web/20210818181623/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1996/01/17/spaziano-case-hinges-on-one-man/

http://eugenedcarpino.blogspot.com/2010/05/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/2752623/lucifer_milanos_young_girls/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/2993906/lucifer_indian_bill_and_harless/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-jaQEPslOhMC&pg=PA387&lpg=PA387&dq=ralph+lucifer+yannotta&source=bl&ots=V45brI7ZAj&sig=ACfU3U0lbWNBQFH3N9bITrrastY3QsWrHA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi05MLn0eeAAxUxTUEAHe58Cac4ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=ralph%20lucifer%20yannotta&f=false

https://archive.ph/kkznb

https://archive.ph/m2tFu

https://archive.ph/OYBiJ

https://news-journalonline.com/story/news/local/volusia/2024/03/13/bike-week-is-a-draw-for-outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-expert-says/72873388007/

https://www.cbsnews.com/miami/news/fight-involving-motorcycle-gang-members-leads-to-4-arrests-in-florida-keys/

https://www.local10.com/news/local/2023/12/05/trio-of-outlaws-motorcycle-gang-members-from-south-florida-arrested-sheriff-says/

James "Blue" Starrett and William "Gatemouth" Edson, Canada
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vG4bfGwXZNIC&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=james+starrett+outlaws&source=bl&ots=9I8Ju7tFJU&sig=ACfU3U28TAbFk0xl2UAJXWydLFJZPqUnig&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjkyt2-9f2AAxXVWEEAHbkSCCw4FBDoAXoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=james%20starrett%20outlaws&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012908/https://www.dailycommercial.com/story/news/local/leesburg/2019/09/20/charges-dropped-against-4-outlaws-members-in-2017-killing/2739888007/

====Georgia====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>


https://www.google.com/search?q=larry+mcdaniel+outlaws&source=hp&ei=H9qgY-H6K9SW8gLC7YuQCQ&iflsig=AJiK0e8AAAAAY6DoL-cy3ej9oxheaZAc4pfUroHhsurt&ved=0ahUKEwihhrrC0ob8AhVUi1wKHcL2ApIQ4dUDCAs&uact=5&oq=larry+mcdaniel+outlaws&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAMyBQghEKABOgsIABCABBCxAxCDAToOCC4QgAQQsQMQxwEQ0QM6CwguEIAEELEDEIMBOgsILhCABBDHARDRAzoICAAQgAQQsQM6BQgAEIAEOgUIABCxAzoFCC4QgAQ6CwguEIAEELEDENQCOggILhCABBCxAzoICC4QsQMQgAQ6DgguEIAEELEDEIMBENQCOggILhCABBDUAjoICC4Q1AIQgAQ6BggAEBYQHjoFCAAQhgM6BwghEKABEApQAFj8GmCnHGgAcAB4AIABuQGIAb4PkgEEMTQuNpgBAKABAQ&sclient=gws-wiz

https://law.justia.com/cases/georgia/court-of-appeals/1988/77114.html

https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/gan/press/2012/08-16-12.html

https://www.justice.gov/usao-ndga/pr/final-defendants-sentenced-28-defendant-investigation-criminal-activity-north-georgia

https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/gan/press/2012/08-16-12.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230728133848/https://www.onlineathens.com/story/news/state/2013/01/13/documents-show-area-bikers-got-caught-fbi-sting/15458986007/

https://www.ajc.com/news/local/georgia-motorcycle-club-leader-cleared-federal-case/6diwqqy0mQyZ5UuCYJYVON/ / https://archive.ph/Fd57J

====Illinois====
<ref name="Code broken">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-08-16-8901050083-story.html Cycle club 'code' broken in trial] Robert Enstad, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (August 16, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20230821010110/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1989-08-16-8901050083-story.html |date=August 21, 2023 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=12718904%3Atheageofattraction&sort=paper-date-asc

Joliet
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/296283130/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/294026082/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/1071161409/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/340583828/

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/a-look-at-the-outlaws-motorcycle-club_b_5847226fe4b0782fb98c2af1

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald/12790564/?locale=en-GB

https://web.archive.org/web/20220930160630/https://gangsterreport.com/chicago-biker-boss-apprehended-following-decade-a-half-as-fugitive-90s-outlaws-leader-looked-at-in-three-murders/

https://casetext.com/case/getson-v-edifice-lounge-inc

https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-bombings-in-chicago-roc/153596800/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/17748965/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/kenosha-news/134782804/?locale=en-GB

https://www.scribd.com/document/502433124/Outlaws-mc-article#

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-7th-circuit/1113878.html

The Chicago chapter is also the headquarters of the Outlaws' "Central" region.<ref name="The Outlaws"/>

The Chicago chapter of the Outlaws has been responsible for the sourcing and distribution to other chapters across the United States of "Canadian Blue" [[methamphetamine]] and [[diazepam]] manufactured in clandestine laboratories in Ontario by the club's Canadian faction.<ref name="The Outlaws"/>

the war resulted in three homicides and six bombings in a three-state area.<ref>"The Biker Wars: Bar Fights, Car Bombings and Cold-Blooded Murder—It Was a Local but Brutal Conflict Between the Outlaws and the Hells Angels" James R. Petersen, ''[[Playboy]]'' (November 1, 2000)</ref>{{sfn|Droban & James|2017|p=20}}

https://archive.org/details/isbn_9781586421274/mode/2up

Bowman ordered Rogers to bomb the Hell's Henchmen clubhouse. When Rogers hesitated, Bowman instead ordered other Outlaws.{{sfn|Droban & James|2017|p=20-21}}

The day after the shooting of Rogers, Stateline chapter president O'Neil ordered a prospective Outlaw and member of the Insanity MC to target a motorcycle shop in Rockford owned by a Hell's Henchman, with the instruction to "do what you can" if "opportunity arose". ... shot with a .45, pistol-whipped with the gun, and stabbed repeatedly in the throat. The prospect reported to O'Neill that the "head gasket was blown ... [and] leaking like a sieve". rewarded with full membership in the Outlaws and a belt buckle engraved with twin SS lightning bolts.{{sfn|Droban & James|2017|p=21}}

<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

<ref name="Six alleged members">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/05/28/Six-alleged-members-of-the-Outlaws-motorcycle-club-face/5463391406400/ Six alleged members of the Outlaws face kidnapping, sex charges] [[United Press International]] (May 28, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/AjUMg |date=July 26, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker gang ties probed">[https://buffalonews.com/news/biker-gang-ties-probed-in-speedway-deaths-violence-among-groups-in-other-states-has-brought/article_7eeab4be-8503-52f8-86c3-5ae7591bde81.html Biker gang ties probed in speedway deaths] Dan Herbeck, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (November 20, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/OMi4X |date=August 5, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Eye on biker gangs">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-06-24-9202250703-story.html Police keep eye on biker gangs] Linda Lipp, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (June 24, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210814103701/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1992-06-24-9202250703-story.html |date=August 14, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bikers brought years of feuding">[https://buffalonews.com/news/bikers-brought-years-of-feuding----and-guns----to-town/article_9dcf25f1-580a-52a8-a9c6-4f1929154b5c.html Bikers brought years of feuding — and guns — to town] Michael Beebe and Dan Herbeck, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (October 2, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/2JIAZ |date=April 20, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Motorcycle gang probed">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-04-9503040212-story.html Motorcycle gang probed in slaying] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (March 4, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180929191758/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-04-9503040212-story.html |date=September 29, 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="Casualty">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-08-9503080167-story.html Casualty of war] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (March 8, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/zRtRF |date=July 30, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Trail of violence">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-11-9706110287-story.html 17 indicted in trail of violence by biker gang] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' Ray Quintanilla and Meg Murphy, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (June 11, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/oLEhF#selection-457.0-457.30 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Feds detour ride">[https://newspaperarchive.com/janesville-gazette-jun-11-1997-p-12/ Feds detour motorcycle gang's ride] ''[[The Gazette (Janesville, Wisconsin)|The Gazette]]'' (June 11, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003141123/https://newspaperarchive.com/janesville-gazette-jun-11-1997-p-12/ |date=October 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels chief charged">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-02-01-9802010171-story.html Hell's Angels chief charged in scam] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (February 1, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/R9pNr |date=July 26, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Tapes Ruled In">[http://www.rave.ca/en/news_info/189212/all/ Outlaws Tapes Ruled In For Trial] ''[[Milwaukee Journal Sentinel]]'' (June 13, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230901201038/http://www.rave.ca/en/news_info/189212/all/ |date=September 1, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Re-indictments hit gang">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-11-20-9811200254-story.html Re-indictments hit motorcycle gang] Mitch Martin, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (November 20, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/3INKg |date=August 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Inside look at biker battle">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-04-05-9904050135-story.html Witness offers inside look at biker battle] Carolyn Starks, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (April 5, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221030230125/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-04-05-9904050135-story.html |date=October 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Opening statements filed">[https://qconline.com/news/illinois/opening-statements-filed-in-outlaws-motorcycle-club-trial/article_fbca420c-420f-549f-bde5-734774b051ec.html Opening statements filed in Outlaws Motorcycle Club trial] ''[[The Dispatch–Argus]]'' (March 16, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Apdys |date=August 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Gang informant">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2000-04-27-0004270111-story.html Gang informant admit to lying to court before] Dave Daley, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (April 27, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/8JV1M |date=July 30, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws sentenced">[https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-sentenced-in-racketeering-case/article_757ccd56-a624-5e73-b3a6-c06e316c1204.html Outlaws sentenced in racketeering case] Rob Golub, ''[[Racine Journal Times]]'' (October 12, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730222153/https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-sentenced-in-racketeering-case/article_757ccd56-a624-5e73-b3a6-c06e316c1204.html |date=September 6, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws sentenced">[https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-sentenced-in-racketeering-case/article_757ccd56-a624-5e73-b3a6-c06e316c1204.html Outlaws sentenced in racketeering case] Rob Golub, ''[[Racine Journal Times]]'' (October 12, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/WqaFp |date=August 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Three bikers get life">[https://www.heraldnet.com/news/three-bikers-get-life-sentences-for-barbaric-crimes/ Three bikers get life sentences for ‘barbaric’ crimes] ''[[The Everett Herald]]'' (October 13, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230605054905/https://www.heraldnet.com/news/three-bikers-get-life-sentences-for-barbaric-crimes/ |date=June 5, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws leader sentenced">[https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-leader-sentenced-to-life-term/article_8f644419-aba1-5ccb-bba3-63128c208da2.html Outlaws leader sentenced to life term] Rob Golub, ''[[Racine Journal Times]]'' (December 20, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/MN5Oo |date=August 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Bowman">[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-11th-circuit/1435860.html United States of America v. Harry Bowman] [[FindLaw]] (August 20, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220921155507/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-11th-circuit/1435860.html |date=September 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Warneke">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/310/542/495577/ United States of America v. Warneke, Kadlec, Jensen, Kruppstadt, Miller, Mroch, O'Neill, Powers and Schneider] [[Justia]] (October 17, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150910012143/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/310/542/495577/ |date=September 10, 2015 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Warneke">[https://archive.ph/eMtqS United States of America v. Carl J. Warneke, David Kadlec, Leslie J. Jensen, Robert A. Kruppstadt, Randall E. Miller, Richard E. Mroch, Kevin P. O'Neill, Harvey E. Powers, and James W. Schneider] [[FindLaw]] (November 12, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-7th-circuit/1113878.html |date=July 30, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Informer testifies on battles">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/08/22/informer-testifies-on-bikers-battles/ Informer testifies on bikers' battles] Graham Brink, ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (September 1, 2005) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210913210219/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/08/22/informer-testifies-on-bikers-battles/ |date=September 13, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="There's hell to pay">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2006-11-19-0611180344-story.html There's hell to pay over biker-club's house] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (November 19, 2006) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/iKSlF#selection-443.0-443.43 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Double O Alliance">[https://abc7chicago.com/archive/6311572/ The Double O Alliance] [[ABC 7 Chicago]] (August 9, 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221208161716/https://abc7chicago.com/archive/6311572/ |date=December 8, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>{{cite web|author1=Ann Pistone|author2=Chuck Goudie|url=http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news/iteam&id=6934862|title=Aging bombing suspect linked to Outfit; Outlaws won't get out|publisher=Abclocal.go.com|date=July 27, 2009|access-date=July 26, 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091007143009/http://abclocal.go.com/wls/story?section=news%2Fiteam&id=6934862|archive-date=October 7, 2009|url-status=dead}}</ref>

<ref name="Biker gets 60 years">[https://abc13.com/archive/8409681/ Outlaws biker gets 60 years] [[ABC 13 Houston]] (October 29, 2011) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221104235148/https://abc13.com/archive/8409681/ |date=November 4, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels to pay respect">[https://www.shawlocal.com/2013/07/26/hells-angels-to-pay-respect-to-fallen-leader/av506t0/ Hells Angels to pay respect to fallen leader] ''[[Shaw Local News]]'' (July 27, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109210759/https://www.shawlocal.com/2013/07/26/hells-angels-to-pay-respect-to-fallen-leader/av506t0/ |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaw member on the Run">[https://www.justice.gov/usao-edwi/pr/outlaw-motorcycle-gang-member-run-17-years-arrested-mexico Outlaw Motorcycle Gang member on the Run for 17 Years Arrested in Mexico] [[Justice.gov]] (October 17, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221205233404/https://www.justice.gov/usao-edwi/pr/outlaw-motorcycle-gang-member-run-17-years-arrested-mexico |date=December 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws club seeks return of badges">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-outlaws-biker-badges-met-20150417-story.html Outlaws biker club seeks return of badges, vests confiscated in bar fight] Amanda Marrazzo, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (February 17, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/xwiBu#selection-1939.0-1939.73 |date=May 19, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws club still seeks return of vests">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-outlaw-biker-vests-met-20160126-story.html Outlaws biker club still seeks return of leather vests after bar fight] Amanda Marrazzo, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (January 26, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/3jE0N#selection-1823.0-1823.70 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws group loses again">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-outlaw-biker-leather-vests-met-20160224-story.html Outlaws biker group loses again in court over return of leather vests] Amanda Marrazzo, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (February 24, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/9hYnZ#selection-1819.0-1819.69 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws biker fugitive busted">[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2017/4/25/18409535/outlaws-biker-fugitive-busted-for-shoplifting-back-brace Outlaws biker fugitive busted — for shoplifting back brace] Frank Main, Jon Seidel and Robert Herguth, ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' (April 25, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221003080443/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2017/4/25/18409535/outlaws-biker-fugitive-busted-for-shoplifting-back-brace |date=November 12, 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Lancaster Speedway Slayings">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-lancaster-national-speedway-slayings-hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-peaked-in-1990s-with-racetrack-fight/ The Lancaster National Speedway Slayings: Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Peaked In 1990s With Racetrack Fight] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 28, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919191557/https://gangsterreport.com/the-lancaster-national-speedway-slayings-hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-peaked-in-1990s-with-racetrack-fight/ |date=September 19, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws member arrested">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/os-outlaws-kingsmen-leesburg-arrest-20170517-story.html Outlaws Motorcycle Club member arrested, asked for '10 minutes to put boots on'] Jason Ruiter, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (May 17, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/w7DsV#selection-1819.0-1819.79 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Motorcyclist shot">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/la-me-ln-10-freeway-shooting-biker-gang-20190224-story.html Motorcyclist shot by alleged outlaw biker gang member on 10 Freeway; shooter remains at large] Laura Newberry, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (February 24, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/cfH9l#selection-1815.0-1815.93 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Polchan to get new hearing">[https://chicago.suntimes.com/crime/2020/6/9/21285549/outlaws-motorcycle-club-mark-polchan-get-new-sentencing-hearing-this-fall-thanks-supreme-court Outlaws’ Mark Polchan to get new sentencing hearing this fall thanks to Supreme Court] John Seidel, ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' (June 9, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230331153054/https://chicago.suntimes.com/crime/2020/6/9/21285549/outlaws-motorcycle-club-mark-polchan-get-new-sentencing-hearing-this-fall-thanks-supreme-court |date=March 31, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-boss gets early release">[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/4/16/22385060/outlaws-motorcycle-club-orville-orvie-cochran-early-prison-release-first-step-act Ex-Chicago Outlaws Motorcycle Club boss Orvie Cochran gets early prison release] Robert Herguth, ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' (April 16, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230322063947/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2021/4/16/22385060/outlaws-motorcycle-club-orville-orvie-cochran-early-prison-release-first-step-act |date=March 22, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws member knits in prison">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/criminal-justice/ct-mark-polchan-outlaws-pipe-bombing-resentencing-20211006-azgjxdufm5advbdow5xtlcxliy-story.html Former Outlaws motorcycle gang member, who says he now knits in prison, gets a break on sentence for role in violent mob-connected crew] Jason Meisner, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (October 6, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/8ougD#selection-1819.0-1819.135 |date=July 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws enforcer denied compassionate release">[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/4/8/23012034/outlaws-motorcycle-club-randall-madman-miller-hells-angels-first-step-act-mchenry-county-richmond Outlaws Motorcycle Club ‘enforcer’ denied compassionate release, ‘showed no compassion’ in killing McHenry County couple] Robert Herguth, ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' (April 8, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230604034505/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/4/8/23012034/outlaws-motorcycle-club-randall-madman-miller-hells-angels-first-step-act-mchenry-county-richmond |date=June 4, 2023 }}</ref>


<ref name="">[] ''[[]]'' () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] ''[[]]'' () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] ''[[]]'' () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/biker-slain-in-gang-war/article_87fd1146-df9f-5fc6-bbfb-947abace8579.html / https://archive.ph/wr8Kg



https://web.archive.org/web/20210913201248/https://gangsterreport.com/windy-city-biker-world-big-shot-orvie-the-anvil-cops-plea-outlaws-mc-boss-has-murder-beefs-dropped/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221005153917/https://gangsterreport.com/chicago-biker-boss-apprehended-following-decade-a-half-as-fugitive-90s-outlaws-leader-looked-at-in-three-murders/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4oxMIUskYbEC&pg=PA444&lpg=PA444&dq=stimac+outlaws&source=bl&ots=-IVM1y9y7q&sig=ACfU3U2OCLiME8l6MB-GlKMfksyMTCFIVA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiyx8PUqayAAxWTiFwKHY_eDdUQ6AF6BAgeEAM#v=onepage&q=stimac%20outlaws&f=false

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/740/1419/233602/

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914c324add7b049347c430f

https://archive.ph/OMi4X

https://web.archive.org/web/20220131084616/https://gangsterreport.com/greased-lightning-goes-to-the-grave-retired-chicago-outlaws-mc-chief-passes-away-at-79-southside-mother-ship-og-traced-roots-to-1960s/

https://web.archive.org/web/20181122170907/https://gangsterreport.com/motorcycle-club-moving-day-chicago-outlaws-north-side-chapter-departs-longtime-home-heads-west/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230604034505/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/4/8/23012034/outlaws-motorcycle-club-randall-madman-miller-hells-angels-first-step-act-mchenry-county-richmond

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/11/11/23451699/outlaws-motorcycle-club-mongol-nation-biker-gang-war-david-santillan-tony-os-studio-31-lounge

https://www.shawlocal.com/2013/07/26/hells-angels-to-pay-respect-to-fallen-leader/av506t0/ / https://archive.ph/YPff6

https://www.tampicohistoricalsociety.com/articles/article/1323792/177541.htm / https://archive.ph/WJVeI

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1998-02-01-9802010171-story.html / https://archive.is/R9pNr

https://web.archive.org/web/20181007203043/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-17-9702170080-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20180929191758/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-04-9503040212-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221030230125/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-04-05-9904050135-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20201126155116/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-12-12-9412120175-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20180930133718/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1996-04-18-9604180145-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221109173737/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-09-9411160375-story.html

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/biker-takeover-could-bring-shooting-war/article_1a3d1c0e-de95-5cd5-9661-8ab185916278.html / https://archive.ph/Y4JTa

https://www.newspapers.com/article/herald-and-review/61657820/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune-chicago-tribune-article/61657464/

Dungess
https://archive.ph/qjDUW

<ref name="Deadly flashback"/>

<ref name="Greased Lightning Goes To The Grave">[https://gangsterreport.com/greased-lightning-goes-to-the-grave-retired-chicago-outlaws-mc-chief-passes-away-at-79-southside-mother-ship-og-traced-roots-to-1960s/ Greased Lightning Goes To The Grave: Beloved Chicago Outlaws MC Chief Passes Away At 79, Southside OG Traced Roots To 1960s] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (January 31, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109002356/https://gangsterreport.com/greased-lightning-goes-to-the-grave-retired-chicago-outlaws-mc-chief-passes-away-at-79-southside-mother-ship-og-traced-roots-to-1960s/ |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Peter Rogers obituary">[https://www.kurtzmemorialchapel.com/obituaries/Peter-A-Rogers?obId=23824188 Peter Rogers obituary] kurtzmemorialchapel.com (January 26, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221109003721/https://www.kurtzmemorialchapel.com/obituaries/Peter-A-Rogers?obId=23824188 |date=November 9, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws drove turf war">[https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/charge-outlaws-drove-turf-war/article_e2968409-45ac-56d4-93e0-abb118ba9b99.html Charge: Outlaws drove turf war] Mark Kiesling, ''[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]]'' (June 11, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/fsbo6#selection-3413.0-3422.0 |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bikers brought years of feuding">[https://buffalonews.com/news/bikers-brought-years-of-feuding----and-guns----to-town/article_9dcf25f1-580a-52a8-a9c6-4f1929154b5c.html Bikers brought years of feuding -- and guns -- to town] Michael Beebe and Dan Herbeck, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (October 2, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/2JIAZ |date=April 20, 2021 }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=peter+greased+lightning+rogers&source=bl&ots=YXBlFzKggk&sig=ACfU3U33L1u--58gL0jKiAFSjKRH_DNMyA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4j9Gr75_7AhWMTcAKHan5Cis4ChDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=peter%20greased%20lightning%20rogers&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=peter+greased+lightning+rogers&source=bl&ots=LVQe13rOeY&sig=ACfU3U1FEl7QVNO4L4gfOKBosEPzPDEHvQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi4j9Gr75_7AhWMTcAKHan5Cis4ChDoAXoECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=peter%20greased%20lightning%20rogers&f=false

<ref name="Bikes 'n drugs">[https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikes-n-drugs-outlaws-chief-this-club-is-not-based-on/article_c4c78f68-44fa-5b6d-abb7-c1fe2e2248ee.html Outlaws chief: This club is not based on bikes 'n drugs] Mark Kiesling, ''[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]]'' (May 11, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/WugsN#selection-3413.0-3422.0 |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Former leader of Outlaws pleads guilty">[https://www.fox6now.com/news/former-leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club-pleads-guilty-to-racketeering-conspiracy Former leader of Outlaws Motorcycle Club pleads guilty to racketeering conspiracy] [[WITI (TV)|Fox 6 Milwaukee]] (October 6, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221012193544/https://www.fox6now.com/news/former-leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club-pleads-guilty-to-racketeering-conspiracy |date=October 12, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Bowman"/>

<ref>[https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/blaze-consumes-bikers-ex-home/article_ae631280-f4ab-55da-a6d5-e371a05f59bf.html Blaze consumes biker's ex-home] Scott Burnham, ''[[The Times of Northwest Indiana]]'' (May 20, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/hAUDG |date=November 1, 2022 }}</ref>

June 28, 1994 – Lamont "Merciless Monte" Mattias <ref name="Hit List">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-taco-bowman-hit-list-outlaws-mc-boss-had-rivals-bumped-off-in-the-1990s/ The Taco Bowman Hit List: Outlaws MC Boss Had Rivals Bumped Off In The 1990s] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (March 6, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919185455/https://gangsterreport.com/the-taco-bowman-hit-list-outlaws-mc-boss-had-rivals-bumped-off-in-the-1990s/ |date=September 19, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.rrstar.com/story/news/2008/03/24/94-rockford-case-featured/44702650007/ / https://archive.ph/1P1T8

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802232515/https://journaltimes.com/news/national/imprisoned-outlaw-will-trade-testimony-for-shorter-sentence/article_fbc83a5d-6032-507b-b7b5-3fee2ce5dbf7.html / https://archive.ph/Kz8k6

"Wolf, a member of the Outlaws motorcycle gang, could reduce his 27-year prison sentence for the 1994 murder of LaMonte “Monte" Mathias o"

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802233500/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2003/08/20/trial-begins-for-outlaws-motorcycle-leader-br-biker-gang-boss-accused-of-being-behind-crimes/62030116007/ / https://archive.ph/fvIFm

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802233850/https://buffalonews.com/news/protected-witness-allegedly-bragged-of-killing-biker/article_9799048f-0fe9-5537-b500-6bbeb4377051.html / https://archive.ph/x7nA7

"David Wolf, described as a hit man for the Outlaws motorcycle gang who had bragged of killing Michael Quale at Lancaster Speedway two years"

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802234333/https://thedailyrecord.com/2003/08/19/prosecutors-outlaws-killed-to-intimidate-rival-biker-gangs/ / https://archive.ph/vROi0

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802234540/https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-attorneys-attack-witnesses/article_b5b362fe-185c-5061-b26d-f057fbee6f52.html / https://archive.ph/AUR5K

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802234800/https://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/documents/16-425URL1Outlawtrial.pdf

March 3, 1995 – Jack "4-by-4" Castle <ref name="Hit List"/>

Fibrantz
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA63&lpg=PA63&dq=roger+fibrantz&source=bl&ots=w-wIQzrtL9&sig=ACfU3U1m1vXREQsPr7FPtz1co0oJo82EGA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjklovnvbeAAxUMQkEAHVy_A9k4ChDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=roger%20fibrantz&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20230730223657/https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-attorneys-attack-witnesses/article_b5b362fe-185c-5061-b26d-f057fbee6f52.html

https://archive.ph/OMi4X

https://archive.ph/bTGwX

https://newspaperarchive.com/janesville-gazette-jun-11-1997-p-12/

https://casetext.com/case/oneill-v-us-department-of-justice-3


https://www.betweenthecovers.com/pages/books/415437/photo-albums-outlaw-chicago-motorcycle-gangs

https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-1



<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-20-9411210007-story.html

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/4iPAgjtpu_0

https://web.archive.org/web/20221104235153/https://gangsterreport.com/u-s-district-judge-in-illinois-re-sentences-outlaws-mc-power-pork-chop-polchan-to-30-years-for-working-with-chicago-mafia/

https://abc13.com/archive/8409681/

https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/2008/08/details-emerge-of-chicago-outfit.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221109002356/https://gangsterreport.com/greased-lightning-goes-to-the-grave-retired-chicago-outlaws-mc-chief-passes-away-at-79-southside-mother-ship-og-traced-roots-to-1960s/

Ties between the Outlaws and the Chicago Outfit were established in 1977 by club members Martin J. "Marty" Curran and Thomas R. "Westside Tommy" Stimac.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uVX2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA141&lpg=PA141&dq=outlaws+chicago+mafia+1977&source=bl&ots=9AN0d5j5Sq&sig=ACfU3U1dmj-7hZFhA3DHY-Tdy8JRbIL7fQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjwiqPgmrTpAhXWRBUIHSPqDTEQ6AEwDHoECAwQAQ#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20chicago%20mafia%201977&f=false ''The Ore Knob Mine Murders: The Crimes, the Investigation and the Trials''] Rose M. Haynes (2013)</ref>

On May 30, 1981, three black males were shot outside the Outlaws' clubhouse on [[Roosevelt Road]] in [[Chicago]] by Outlaws member John C. "Burrito" Klimes, who was on guard duty that night. One of the victims died as a result of his wounds. After the shooting, Klimes became a fugitive and took refuge with the Outlaws in Tennessee for at least two months before returning to Chicago. His attempts to leave the club were blocked by Chicago chapter president Thomas Stimac. On one occasion, Stimac severely beat Klimes at the Outlaws clubhouse in a dispute over a drug business.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uVX2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA142&lpg=PA142&dq=john+burrito+klimes&source=bl&ots=9ANZi3d2Pr&sig=ACfU3U3QpgYBTelMsIPO5PtHB_dwZtX71A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJjs641-roAhWUrHEKHXSfB_gQ6AEwA3oECAsQNQ#v=onepage&q=john%20burrito%20klimes&f=false ''The Ore Knob Mine Murders: The Crimes, the Investigation and the Trials''] Rose M. Haynes (2013)</ref> Klimes was killed by a bomb placed in his van in [[McCook, Illinois|McCook]] on October 8, 1981, after which Klimes took over said drug business. The murder remains unsolved.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4oxMIUskYbEC&pg=PA399&lpg=PA399&dq=outlaws+iron+horsemen+louisville+ky&source=bl&ots=-HUS7x8z6u&sig=ACfU3U1ftbm8S6Xs9SDvxW593oZtnEeRkA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjzsIOC1uroAhVKecAKHa6kAEY4ChDoATAHegQIDBBC#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20iron%20horsemen%20louisville%20ky&f=false ''Organized Crime in America: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary United States Senate''] United States Congress Senate Committee on the Judiciary (1983)</ref>

Klimes<ref name="Bikes 'n drugs"/>

The Outlaws were involved in a war with the Hells Angels in Illinois and Wisconsin between 1993 and 1995. The conflict commenced when the Hells Angels patched over the Hell's Henchmen in Illinois.

<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-20-9411210007-story.html Biker war erupts in Illinois] Jerry Thomas, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (November 20, 1994)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-11-9706110287-story.html 17 indicted in trail of violence by biker gang] Ray Quintanilla and Meg Murphy, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (June 11, 1997)</ref>

<ref name="Witness offers inside look at biker battle"/>

<ref>[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1113878.html ''United States v. Warneke''] [[FindLaw]] (November 12, 2002)</ref>

<ref>[https://apnews.com/cdf467feb0c3d4b6ba437c260d69daf1 3 Motorcycle Gang Members Get Life] [[Associated Press]] (October 13, 2000)</ref>

Thomas Stimac, a former Outlaws Chicago chapter president who had fallen out of favor with the club, was shot dead in his apartment in [[Lemont Township, Cook County, Illinois|Lemont Township]] on July 22, 1999.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-07-28-9907280314-story.html Police still looking for leads in Lemont Township slaying] Lola Smallwood, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (July 28, 1999)</ref> A prime suspect in the case is Orville "Orvie" Cochran, the then-Outlaws [[South Side, Chicago|South Side]] chapter president. Stimac was dating Cochran's former girlfriend at the time of his murder. Cochran survived a shooting attempt outside the Outlaws' clubhouse in 2000, in what is believed to have been a retaliatory attack for Stimac's killing.<ref>[https://chicago.suntimes.com/2018/8/19/18414204/awaiting-trial-ex-outlaws-boss-rails-on-snitches-invokes-drew-peterson-case Awaiting trial, ex-Outlaws boss rails on snitches, invokes Drew Peterson case] Robert Herguth, ''[[Chicago Sun-Times]]'' (August 19, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230206033446/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2018/8/19/18414204/awaiting-trial-ex-outlaws-boss-rails-on-snitches-invokes-drew-peterson-case |date=February 6, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/21854883/gary-miller/ Reputed Outlaws indicted in sex, kidnapping case] ''[[Asheville Citizen-Times]]'' (May 29, 1982)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/05/28/Six-alleged-members-of-the-Outlaws-motorcycle-club-face/5463391406400/ Six alleged members of the Outlaw motorcycle club face...] [[United Press International]] (May 28, 1982)</ref>

<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/740/1419/233602/ ''United States of America v. Allan Ray Hattaway, Thomas Stimac, Robert George Burroughs, and Marty Curran''] [[Justia]] (July 31, 1984)</ref>

https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/2008/07/are-chicago-outfit-and-outlaws.html

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/motorcycle-gang-war-has-police-on-edge/article_58b87357-460c-554e-8440-cdbd4b3b1d03.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220929144055/https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/motorcycle-gang-war-has-police-on-edge/article_58b87357-460c-554e-8440-cdbd4b3b1d03.html

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/10114801/

https://newspaperarchive.com/arlington-heights-daily-herald-suburban-chicago-mar-08-2000-p-235/

https://newspaperarchive.com/janesville-gazette-jun-11-1997-p-12/

https://apnews.com/article/cdf467feb0c3d4b6ba437c260d69daf1 / https://web.archive.org/web/20220930160152/https://apnews.com/article/cdf467feb0c3d4b6ba437c260d69daf1

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2017/4/25/18409535/outlaws-biker-fugitive-busted-for-shoplifting-back-brace / https://web.archive.org/web/20220930160314/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2017/4/25/18409535/outlaws-biker-fugitive-busted-for-shoplifting-back-brace

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1113878.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220930160441/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1113878.html

https://gangsterreport.com/chicago-biker-boss-apprehended-following-decade-a-half-as-fugitive-90s-outlaws-leader-looked-at-in-three-murders/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220930160630/https://gangsterreport.com/chicago-biker-boss-apprehended-following-decade-a-half-as-fugitive-90s-outlaws-leader-looked-at-in-three-murders/

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/biker-slain-in-gang-war/article_87fd1146-df9f-5fc6-bbfb-947abace8579.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220930160818/https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/biker-slain-in-gang-war/article_87fd1146-df9f-5fc6-bbfb-947abace8579.html

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/11/27/18335059/ex-outlaws-biker-boss-speaks-out-sees-trouble-with-hells-angels / https://web.archive.org/web/20220930161959/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2016/11/27/18335059/ex-outlaws-biker-boss-speaks-out-sees-trouble-with-hells-angels

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-06-11-9706110287-story.html / https://archive.ph/oLEhF

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikes-n-drugs-messing-with-outlaws-can-bring/article_8433b954-2053-5825-a105-628a2ae31de2.html / https://archive.ph/buhP0

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikes-n-drugs-outlaws-chief-this-club-is-not-based-on/article_c4c78f68-44fa-5b6d-abb7-c1fe2e2248ee.html / https://archive.ph/WugsN

<ref name="Lancaster National Speedway Slayings">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-lancaster-national-speedway-slayings-hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-peaked-in-1990s-with-racetrack-fight/ The Lancaster National Speedway Slayings: Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Peaked In 1990s With Racetrack Fight] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 28, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220919191557/https://gangsterreport.com/the-lancaster-national-speedway-slayings-hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-peaked-in-1990s-with-racetrack-fight/ |date=September 19, 2022 }}</ref>

https://theonepercenters.net/blog/f/mayhem-murder-and-cover-ups-1

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/4/8/23012034/outlaws-motorcycle-club-randall-madman-miller-hells-angels-first-step-act-mchenry-county-richmond

https://merryjane.com/culture/motorcycle-club-leader-big-pete-boss-of-the-outlaws-book-interview

https://www.fox32chicago.com/news/katie-kearns-murder-jeremy-boshears-found-guilty-in-murder-of-joliet-bartender

2012, 14 chapters, 150 members
https://web.archive.org/web/20201108125109/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-motorcycle-club-patches-met-20150216-story.html
https://archive.ph/SNjL6
https://web.archive.org/web/20210323185049/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/breaking/ct-outlaw-biker-leather-vests-met-20160224-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20210323213635/https://wgntv.com/news/4-arrested-following-huge-biker-brawl-in-ottawa/
https://web.archive.org/web/20210125052150/https://www.shawlocal.com/2019/01/22/biker-faces-sentencing-for-2017-ottawa-brawl/a2t9b7n/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220929191958/https://abc7chicago.com/outlaws-clubhouse-joliet-katie-kearns/2658534/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221127094353/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2017/2/16/18376225/after-decades-on-division-street-outlaws-biker-clubhouse-sold

https://web.archive.org/web/20201121042218/https://www.daily-journal.com/news/local/feds-raid-the-outlaw-motorcycle-club-headquarters-in-kankakee/article_76211827-fb6c-51c8-81b7-0cc6b63c0e7b.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20171228163935/https://www.nytimes.com/1997/06/11/us/17-in-motorcycle-gang-charged-in-indictment.html

https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/crime/2008/08/06/feds-say-blast-tied-to/44203673007/ / https://archive.ph/TLDPw

https://archive.ph/v864g

https://abc7news.com/archive/6308815/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/04/21/A-reputed-Montreal-motorcEle-gang-leader-and-two-Chicago/3850419749200/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/21854883/gary_miller/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/740/1419/233602/

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-7th-circuit/1661068.html

farm murders https://web.archive.org/web/20221030230126/https://gangsterreport.com/the-farmhouse-murders-case-of-milwaukee-outlaws-mc-members-killing-married-couple-in-illinois-cracked-20-years-ago/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240716123818/https://www.chicagotribune.com/2000/06/16/biker-is-convicted-of-93-killings-of-richmond-couple/

https://archive.ph/6L9G4

====Indiana====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

Fogg
https://buffalonews.com/article_204420a3-d406-5ed7-be6c-c8d22cb0a480.html / https://archive.ph/MzwEg

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/investigators-might-have-solved-outlaw-murder/article_1b6cbea8-f120-5468-83b7-ef6e76da4ba4.html / https://archive.ph/tBwoL

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/leads-sought-in-murder-of-motorcycle-gang/article_af611f9c-5b61-5655-ae9f-8ead7abc4b34.html / https://archive.ph/Bs0M3

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/outlaws-pay-tribute-to-murdered-brother/article_f4f585dc-95f2-5d26-aa8c-c1a0e125be40.html / 


Yager
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/310352733/

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/investigators-might-have-solved-outlaw-murder/article_1b6cbea8-f120-5468-83b7-ef6e76da4ba4.html / https://archive.ph/tBwoL

https://web.archive.org/web/20240824031952/https://www.chicagotribune.com/1985/03/27/raiders-seek-4-cycle-gang-members-in-arson-scam/

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/leads-sought-in-murder-of-motorcycle-gang/article_af611f9c-5b61-5655-ae9f-8ead7abc4b34.html / https://archive.ph/Bs0M3

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikers-suspected-in-shootout/article_3be6537e-58fb-532e-8be7-a91d2a394ea9.html / https://archive.ph/bTGwX

https://fox59.com/news/headquarters-of-outlaws-motorcycle-gang-dismantled-in-historic-seizure/

https://charleyproject.org/case/shannon-rayanne-turner

https://www.wishtv.com/news/20-years-later-detectives-still-searching-for-who-killed-shannon-turner/

https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2004/05/06/Missing-woman-s-family-hopes-for-answers-at-trial/stories/200405060093

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=_a7dEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT118&lpg=PT118&dq=david+mays+Shannon+Turner&source=bl&ots=oTqenyz401&sig=ACfU3U1PJ0VO_yIYm89DdKqJ59Gjn-MYaw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjE8o-DoOGHAxWLwQIHHRrTCt84ChDoAXoECCEQAw#v=onepage&q=david%20mays%20Shannon%20Turner&f=false

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/state-loses-witness-in-outlaws-case/article_47cefd88-f396-501d-b0ec-93d88b3cf972.html / https://archive.is/uvDXG

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/group-of-outlaw-bikers-arrested-in-merrillville/article_2579b8c1-d158-5863-8730-0ba2b5a93bae.html / https://archive.ph/JapWQ

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41653487/outlaws/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/800/100/271360/

http://www.xrbradio.com/fbi-raids-outlaws-club/

https://web.archive.org/web/20190204071226/https://gangsterreport.com/outlaws-mcs-mad-yager-tabbed-suspect-in-brothers-slaying/

<ref>[https://www.fox6now.com/news/former-leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club-pleads-guilty-to-racketeering-conspiracy Former leader of Outlaws Motorcycle Club pleads guilty to racketeering conspiracy] [[WITI (TV)|Fox 6]] (October 2, 2018)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20221111173255/https://www.fox6now.com/news/former-leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club-pleads-guilty-to-racketeering-conspiracy

https://web.archive.org/web/20230518193324/https://fox59.com/news/indycrime/charges-dismissed-in-motorcycle-club-stabbing-after-crucial-witness-goes-missing/

<ref name="U.S. v. Bowman"/>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=PkUWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA12&lpg=PA12&dq=donald+fogg+gary+indiana&source=bl&ots=iOTNRhFQI6&sig=ACfU3U18FfCi1Y3_NW8JJ1hW0YGJQEXrjw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhu4fgn7r6AhXYilwKHfqqDEgQ6AF6BAgYEAM#v=onepage&q=donald%20fogg%20gary%20indiana&f=false



[[File:Outlaw motorcycle jacket, showing 'colors', Mongols motorcycle jacket, showing colors.jpg|thumb|left|Outlaws and [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]] members.]]
The July 1978 near-fatal stabbing of Outlaws member Dale "Dummy" Larque prompted a war between the Outlaws and Sons of Silence in [[Indianapolis, Indiana]] which lasted until the early 1980s and resulted in a number of murders, including those of two bikers' girlfriends. The Sons of Silence chapter in the city had been established by Michael "Righteous Mike" Ramsey, a former Outlaws member who left the club in 1974 and later went on to become the Sons of Silence's national president. On March 5, 1980, Outlaws national vice-president Thomas Walter "Satan" Reeves was shot dead with an automatic rifle at the club's Indianapolis chapter headquarters. Authorities suspect Sons of Silence Indianapolis vice-president Steven Wayne "Crescent K" Kressin of the murder.<ref>[https://gangsterreport.com/righteous-mike-ramsey-brought-sons-of-silence-mc-to-midwest-in-1970s-challenged-the-outlaws-for-power-in-indy/ ‘Righteous Mike’ Ramsey Brought Sons Of Silence MC To Midwest In 1970s, Challenged The Outlaws For Power In Indy]  Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (September 19, 2017)</ref> Bruce Birk Eastman was killed with a shotgun as he answered the door of the Sons of Silence Indianapolis clubhouse on 30 May 1984.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/logansport-pharos-tribune-may-30-1984-p-6/ Murder at cycle club] ''[[Pharos-Tribune]]'' (May 30, 1984)</ref><ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/cedar-rapids-gazette-may-31-1984-p-10/ Iowan slain at bike club] ''[[The Gazette (Cedar Rapids)|The Gazette]]'' (May 31, 1984)</ref>

An Outlaws member was murdered in [[Warsaw, Indiana|Warsaw]] in 1979, allegedly by the Invaders motorcycle gang.<ref name="Bikes 'n drugs"/>

On February 24, 1991, a large group of Outlaws were attacked by several members of the Sons of Silence at a motorcycle swap meet at the [[Indiana Convention Center]] in Indianapolis. Shots were fired, three people were wounded, and two Sons of Silence members were arrested. Twelve guns and numerous knives were seized by police.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview"/> Alvin W. Wagerman, a probationary member of the Outlaws, was convicted of possession of a handgun with an altered serial number after being arrested while fleeing the scene.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/indiana/court-of-appeals/1992/49a02-9201-cr-42-7.html ''Alvin W. Wagerman v. State of Indiana''] [[Justia]] (August 5, 1992)</ref>

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/outlaws-motorcycle-gang-hit-with-mass-arrests/

https://eu.indystar.com/story/news/2015/09/11/biker-raid-seen-long-time-coming/72073790/

Anderson, Indiana
https://web.archive.org/web/20230530012838/https://cbs4indy.com/news/outlaws-motorcycle-club-says-anderson-neighbors-shouldnt-be-concerned-as-they-move-in/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230320130545/https://cbs4indy.com/news/outlaws-motorcycle-club-in-anderson-raided-in-search-for-evidence-related-to-stabbing/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230525194436/https://fox59.com/news/indycrime/charges-dismissed-in-motorcycle-club-stabbing-after-crucial-witness-goes-missing/

https://www.wane.com/top-stories/kendallville-man-shot-at-outlaws-motorcycle-club-in-marion-according-to-police/ / https://archive.ph/nReEy

====Kentucky====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-william-harold-kessi/42861501/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/29751756/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/686715319/


Outlaws clubhouse on Rowan Street in the [[Portland, Louisville|Portland]] neighborhood of Louisville

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/28004465/?locale=en-GB

A member of the Outlaws' [[Louisville, Kentucky|Louisville]] chapter pleaded guilty to reckless homicide for the killing of John Cleve Webb, a member of the Hells Angels' [[Anchorage, Alaska]] chapter who was shot outside a [[Jefferson County, Kentucky|Jefferson County]] bar on August 12, 1986.<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/7118c4aee9d01e00f171570f5102d7ea Jury Finds National Hells Angels Leader Guilty of Conspiracy] [[Associated Press]] (October 29, 1988)</ref> Five members of the Hells Angels' Anchorage and [[Oakland, California]] chapters, including reputed national leader [[Ralph "Sonny" Barger]], were found guilty in October 1988 of conspiring to carry out bomb attacks in Louiseville and elsewhere against the Outlaws in revenge for Webb's murder.<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/10/29/2-hells-angels-convicted-in-plots-against-rival-gang/eea9f1cd-941a-4911-87fd-903176380ae5/ 2 Hells Angels convicted in plots against rival gang] ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (October 29, 1988)</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-outlaw-horsemen1974/52094994/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/5803652/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/5802444/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal/5802396/

http://athenaeumsociety.org/Papers-by-Year/1991/HellsAngels_Macdonald_Oct1991.pdf

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-2nd-pg/35159755/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-uncle-jr/35158966/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-courier-journal-outlaws/52214088/?locale=en-GB

https://web.archive.org/web/20150524142443/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/09/27/us/around-the-nation-11-in-cycle-club-plead-not-guilty-in-killing.html

https://www.newspapers.com/article/52214088/outlaws/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6642808/stephen-earl-thomasson-funeral/

https://www.wkyt.com/2023/04/10/neighbors-concerned-after-shooting-lexington-neighborhood/

https://www.courier-journal.com/picture-gallery/news/local/2020/01/15/historic-photos-louisville-kentucky-motorcycle-clubs/4470312002/

https://www.wave3.com/story/1237798/kentuckians-named-in-federal-indictment/

====Louisiana====
The Outlaws have served as contract killers for the [[New Orleans crime family]], particularly during the reign of [[Carlos Marcello]].<ref name="Une expansion internationale"/>

Drug dealer Robert Lee Collins was killed by a bomb attached to his pickup truck in [[Algiers, New Orleans|Algiers]], [[New Orleans]] on February 8, 1981. Collins, who was in the process of testifying against several co-conspirators in a cocaine distribution trial, lost both legs and most of his left hand in the explosion and died six hours later from substantial blood loss.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/louisiana/supreme-court/1992/89-ka-0001-2.html ''State v. Smith''] [[Justia]] (May 26, 1992)</ref> The car bomb had allegedly been planted by "Quick" Carl Henry Holley and Clarence Michael "Smitty" Smith, two members of the Outlaws' [[Tampa, Florida]] chapter contracted by chapter president John Joseph "J.J." Hall to kill Collins. Hall headed a drug ring funneling cocaine to other Outlaws members for wholesale distribution and was supplied with the drug by [[Genovese crime family]] associate Anthony "[[Hialeah, Florida|Hialeah]] Tony" Scire.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12hHAwjxXgYC&pg=PA73&lpg=PA73&dq=daniel+bifield+hells+angels+genovese+crime+family&source=bl&ots=NjjCLd7zL_&sig=ACfU3U3RXWEeJvzuwX9gl1Gg2jtMC7oD_A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwielJ6e0Z3rAhVVPcAKHdWNBqcQ6AEwEnoECAsQAQ#v=onepage&q=daniel%20bifield%20hells%20angels%20genovese%20crime%20family&f=false ''Organized Crime in America: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary''] Committee on the Judiciary (1983)</ref> Scire often gave Hall drugs on consignment and at the beginning of 1981, Hall owed Scire $30,000 in back payment. Scire offered reduce Hall's debt by $12,000 for assassinating Collins. The murder went unsolved until September 1983 when Hall and Holley informed investigators of their role in the bombing while on trial for racketeering. Hall, who was additionally charged the 1978 [[Jacksonville, Florida]] murder of drug dealer Richard Earl "Ricky" Jones, had been arrested in [[Buffalo, New York]] on November 2, 1982, while Holley was already serving a six year sentence at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Talladega|FCI Talladega]] in Alabama after being convicted of running a prostitution ring. Scire and Smith were convicted of Collins' murder on February 6, 1985 and sentenced to death. Hall and Holley were given immunity in exchange for their testimony in the trial.<ref name="An Explosive Situation: Early-80s Tampa Biker Boss J.J. Hall Joined Team U.S.A After Falling In Outlaws MC Case"/> Scire and Smith appealed their convictions, contending that the evidence used to convict them was based mainly on the testimony of two gang members with long criminal records, and that the judge had given the jury incorrect instructions regarding the meaning of [[reasonable doubt]]. On May 26, 1992, the [[Supreme Court of the United States|Supreme Court]] overturned the convictions and death sentences of both men.<ref>[https://apnews.com/8517cc97866df606c41f5590738e0ba2 Louisiana High Court Throws Out Death Sentences in Car-Bomb Slaying] Alan Sayre, [[Associated Press]] (May 26, 1992)</ref> At a 1995 retrial, Smith was acquitted while Scire pleaded guilty to manslaughter; he was immediately released in exchange for time served.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kGIvAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA20&lpg=PA20&dq=Clarence+Smith+and+Anthony+Scire&source=bl&ots=jwOpk8jTOG&sig=ACfU3U2yiyn0V8d20dKnR7fW4uqGJSYN9A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWnt3Rxu_oAhUtUBUIHVO-CF4Q6AEwBHoECAsQLw#v=onepage&q=Clarence%20Smith%20and%20Anthony%20Scire&f=false ''Innocence and the Death Penalty: The Increasing Danger of Executing the Innocent''] Richard C. Dieter (1997)</ref>

<ref name="Truck rigged with bomb">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/02/09/Truck-rigged-with-bomb-man-killed/2218350542800/ Truck rigged with bomb; man killed] [[United Press International]] (February 9, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/MhTAo#selection-425.0-425.34 |date=July 23, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Burns">[https://archive.ph/MhTAo#selection-425.0-425.34 United States v. William T. Burns] casetext.com (February 26, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230723210429/https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-burns-2 |date=July 23, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

====Maine====
On June 15, 2010, the ATF surrounded the home of Thomas "Tomcat" Mayne. Gunfire was exchanged with the ATF, ultimately killing Mayne. The ATF was there to serve a federal search warrant for an indictment that included Mayne and 26 other members of the Outlaws, for RICO charges and for the shooting of a member of the rival Hells Angels.<ref>{{Citation |access-date= 2010-07-29 |url= http://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0616/Killed-Outlaws-gang-member-Thomas-Tomcat-Mayne-was-suspect-in-shooting |agency= Associated Press |magazine= [[Christian Science Monitor]] |title= Killed Outlaws gang member Thomas 'Tomcat' Mayne was suspect in shooting; Outlaws gang member Thomas 'Tomcat' Mayne, who was killed Tuesday by an ATF agent was a suspect in a Maine shooting |date= June 16, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |access-date= 2010-07-29 |url= http://www.boston.com/news/local/maine/articles/2010/06/17/us_pledges_review_for_agents_killing_of_notorious_biker/ |title= US pledges review for agents' killing of notorious biker |first= David |last= Abel |newspaper= [[The Boston Globe]] |date= June 17, 2010 }}</ref><ref>{{Citation |access-date= 2010-07-29 |url= http://washingtondc.fbi.gov/dojpressrel/pressrel10/wfo061510.htm |date= June 15, 2010 |title= Twenty-Seven Members of American Outlaw Association Motorcycle Gang Indicted; National President, Other Leaders and Members Charged with Racketeering, Attempted Murder, and Other Violent Crimes (press release) |author = US Department of Justice |author-link = US Department of Justice }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://archive.ph/JXfxo

https://web.archive.org/web/20110722180826/https://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0616/Killed-Outlaws-gang-member-Thomas-Tomcat-Mayne-was-suspect-in-shooting

https://web.archive.org/web/20141110215651/https://www.pressherald.com/2010/06/20/raid-reveals-structure-of-gang-thats-facing-racketeering-counts_2010-06-20/

https://web.archive.org/web/20180422164836/https://www.pressherald.com/2010/06/16/sweep-leads-to-shootout-maine-bikers-death_2010-06-16/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240817174737/https://www.bangordailynews.com/2010/06/16/news/outlaw-killed-by-atf-was-suspect-in-maine-shooting/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230604001245/https://www.npr.org/2010/07/29/128826377/feds-peel-back-chrome-on-motorcycle-gangs

https://web.archive.org/web/20220526140936/https://www.arlingtoncardinal.com/2010/06/atf-raid-in-old-orchard-beach-kills-outlaws-motorcycle-club-member-thomas-tomcat-mayne/

https://web.archive.org/web/20111010082639/https://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0615/Outlaws-motorcycle-gang-in-shootout-with-ATF-1-biker-killed

https://web.archive.org/web/20240817214952/https://www.sunjournal.com/2010/06/15/biker-killed-shootout-atf-agents-old-orchard-beach/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240807022510/https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2002/07/14/motorcycle-gang-arrives-for-show/51289102007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230321104620/https://www.capecodtimes.com/story/news/2010/06/27/outlaw-biker-funeral-in-maine/51557136007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240807023403/https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2011/01/23/ex-president-maine-outlaws-sentenced/50274596007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20141110215651/https://www.pressherald.com/2010/06/20/raid-reveals-structure-of-gang-thats-facing-racketeering-counts_2010-06-20/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/257/310/2499792/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA223&lpg=PA223&dq=san+diego+hells+angels+2002&source=bl&ots=3077yM03MB&sig=ACfU3U1J6SNy3VmiXN0OHCo5jF_23Ahg6Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwib7tiGnp3zAhX0QEEAHf9TCO0Q6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=san%20diego%20hells%20angels%202002&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320041609/https://www.bangordailynews.com/2009/10/09/news/state/police-seek-shooter-in-canaan-incident/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230801041148/https://www.bangordailynews.com/2009/10/12/news/man-shot-near-motorcycle-club-may-recover/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230801041410/https://www.pressherald.com/2011/03/22/maine-outlaws-motorcycle-gang-pedini-hells-angels/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230604215326/https://www.maine.gov/ag/news/article.shtml?id=178781
https://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0615/Outlaws-motorcycle-gang-in-shootout-with-ATF-1-biker-killed
https://www.maine.gov/ag/news/article.shtml?id=178781#:~:text=In%20the%20early%20morning%20of,home%20in%20Old%20Orchard%20Beach.
https://www.csmonitor.com/From-the-news-wires/2010/0616/Killed-Outlaws-gang-member-Thomas-Tomcat-Mayne-was-suspect-in-shooting

====Massachusetts====
https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012257/https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2002/10/25/police-weapons-crash-show-escalation/51285335007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240719012442/https://groups.google.com/g/alt.thebird.copwatch/c/IEvQfOkk8Tc

https://web.archive.org/web/20230807182529/https://www.tauntongazette.com/story/news/2007/08/02/outlaws-criminal-past-long-violent/38127792007/

https://www.tauntongazette.com/story/news/2007/08/01/outlaws-earn-name/38102162007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240718205453/https://www.enterprisenews.com/story/news/crime/2007/08/01/outlaws-grabbed-in-drug-firearm/40285241007/

On August 28, 2009, a former president of the [[Brockton, Massachusetts|Brockton]], [[Massachusetts]] Chapter of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club was sent to jail for 262 months, for charges of conspiracy to possess with intent to distribute more than five kilograms of cocaine.<ref>{{cite web |title=Brockton Member of Outlaws Motorcycle Club Sentenced to 21 Years in Prison on Federal Drug Charges |url=https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/boston/press-releases/2009/bs082809.htm |access-date=15 January 2019}}</ref>

On June 15, 2010, 27 members of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club were arrested in Massachusetts on various charges such as attempted murder, racketeering, and other violent crimes.<ref>{{cite web |last1=FBI |title=Twenty-Seven Members of American Outlaw Association Motorcycle Gang Indicted |url=https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/boston/press-releases/2010/bs061510a.htm}}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>


Tensions between the Outlaws and the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] were heightened by the Outlaws' expansion into the [[Northeastern United States]], which the Angels consider to be their own territory. An October 2002 [[National Drug Intelligence Center]] report listing newly established Outlaws chapters in the U.S. included eight chapters in the Hells Angels-controlled states of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire and New York. Both clubs reportedly began stockpiling weapons and body armor in preparation for confrontations during this period.<ref name="Piscottano v. Murphy">[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1327530.html Gary Piscottano, Mark J. Vincenzo, Walter C. Scappini II, and James Kight v. Brian Murphy] [[FindLaw]] (December 21, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230517233333/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1327530.html |date=May 17, 2023 }}</ref> On February 23, 2002, police arrested 23 heavily-armed Outlaws members outside a club in [[Revere, Massachusetts|Revere]] where Hells Angels had gathered.<ref name="Biker gangs engaged in bloody war">[https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2002/05/03/biker-gangs-engaged-in-bloody-war-over-turf/ Biker gangs engaged in bloody war over turf] ''[[Tampa Bay Times]]'' (May 3, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/wu28b#selection-1319.0-1398.0 |date=May 17, 2023 }}</ref>

https://www.justice.gov/usao-ma/pr/regional-president-outlaws-motorcycle-club-indicted-firearms-charges

http://archive.boston.com/news/local/articles/2008/11/13/fbi_affidavit_lifts_veil_off_outlaws_gang/

https://eu.capecodtimes.com/story/news/2021/01/28/outlaws-motorcycle-club-member-hyannis-faces-multiple-drug-and-weapon-charges/4289900001/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230728133411/https://www.thesunchronicle.com/news/local_news/motorcycle-club-leader-sentenced-on-drug-charge/article_79827b2c-7b88-5e1c-b61d-ebe1da6c0e39.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20200105154000/https://whdh.com/news/police-5-with-ties-to-outlaws-motorcycle-club-found-with-guns-meth-in-brockton/

https://www2.ljworld.com/news/2002/may/04/turf_war_heats/

https://www.boston.com/news/crime/2019/12/23/leader-of-motorcycle-gang-indicted-on-federal-firearm-charge

https://web.archive.org/web/20220819142448/https://gangsterreport.com/was-the-outlaws-mcs-jo-jo-noe-jr-justified-in-the-murder-of-eric-voshell-gj-testimony-shows-uncle-under-attack-when-gun-was-shot/

https://www.heraldnews.com/story/news/courts/2022/09/02/outlaws-biker-club-member-found-not-guilty-biker-brawl-shooting/7964197001/

https://web.archive.org/web/20200105154000/https://whdh.com/news/police-5-with-ties-to-outlaws-motorcycle-club-found-with-guns-meth-in-brockton/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240406190928/https://www.heraldnews.com/story/news/courts/2022/09/02/outlaws-biker-club-member-found-not-guilty-biker-brawl-shooting/7964197001/

====Michigan====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>


The Outlaws have four Michigan chapters, one each in [[Bay City, Michigan|Bay City]] and [[Grand Rapids, Michigan|Grand Rapids]] and two in [[Detroit]].<ref>[https://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw-bay-city/2020/02/blog-claims-hells-angels-start-chapter-in-mid-michigan-police-not-so-sure.html Blog claims Hells Angels start chapter in mid Michigan, police not so sure] Cole Waterman, [[MLive.com]] (February 13, 2020)</ref> The Detroit chapter is the headquarters of the Outlaws' "North" region.<ref name="The Outlaws"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20181031083932/http://gangsterreport.com/holiday-season-hostility-michigan-outlaws-mc-duo-destined-for-prison-time/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221108233134/https://gangsterreport.com/biker-gangs-in-the-motor-city-a-history-of-riding-rough/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220921203058/https://gangsterreport.com/biker-war-by-the-bay-the-outlaws-devils-diciples-tangled-in-michigans-tri-cities-back-in-the-70s/

https://casetext.com/case/people-v-wells-232

https://web.archive.org/web/20221109173729/https://gangsterreport.com/the-outlaws-mcs-black-region-blasted-by-bust-a-decade-ago-michigan-indiana-bikers-burned-in-07-fed-takedown/

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/fourteen-motorcycle-gang-leaders-and-members-plead-guilty-detroit-violent-crime-drug-and

https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2007/August/07_crm_614.html

https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2007/08/15/Outlaws-members-indicted-in-Detroit/69221187216643/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221223073340/https://gangsterreport.com/feds-in-michigan-nail-alleged-gun-dealer-helping-outlaws-mc-stockpile-weapons-for-pendingwar-vs-hells-angels/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230111233918/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2022/12/15/michigan-gun-biker-gangs-myers/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230111234110/https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/michigan/2022/12/15/mich-man-accused-of-selling-gangs-guns-indicted/69729964007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230114233022/https://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw-bay-city/2020/02/blog-claims-hells-angels-start-chapter-in-mid-michigan-police-not-so-sure.html

https://www.justice.gov/archive/opa/pr/2007/August/07_crm_614.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230628213000/https://www.mlive.com/news/saginaw-bay-city/2023/06/man-arrested-on-arson-charge-after-fire-at-outlaws-motorcycle-clubhouse-in-saginaw.html

https://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/2018/01/2_members_of_outlaws_motorcycl.html

https://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/2010/03/federal_judge_imposes_10-month.html

https://www.mlive.com/news/bay-city/2009/07/members_of_bay_city_outlaws_mo.html

====New Hampshire====
On June 27, 2005, Christopher Legere of [[Raymond, New Hampshire]], an Outlaws Sergeant-at-Arms, was arrested in the murder of a man who was wearing a [[Hells Angels]] shirt.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.unionleader.com/article.aspx?headline=Arrest+made+for+murder%3B+victim's+friend+says+hug+from+gang+member's+girlfriend+triggered+deadly+confrontation&articleId=a3a4149c-8f04-4ffc-a037-4cf84d633ea9 |title=New Hampshire news, business and sports - Arrest made in murder; victim's friend says hug from gang member's girlfriend triggered deadly confrontation - Wedn... |publisher=UnionLeader.com |access-date=2013-11-12}}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>


https://cases.justia.com/new-hampshire/supreme-court/leger107.pdf?ts=1396130289

https://web.archive.org/web/20230715191455/https://www.laconiadailysun.com/news/local/outlaws-indicted-on-12-counts-in-nh/article_dc804717-c392-51fa-a2ae-94e3375273a3.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230715185551/https://www.fosters.com/story/news/2005/06/08/lynyrd-skynyrd-concert-cancelled-amid/52617305007/

====New York====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://buffalonews.com/news/one-of-two-bikers-killed-in-shoot-out-was-firebomb-target-turf-war-blamed-in/article_6467e7cb-c41e-571f-92c0-a7f0ed72a14a.html / https://archive.ph/pFP16

https://buffalonews.com/news/witness-offers-account-of-posnjak-death-pit-crew-worker-says-he-didnt-see-herold-shoot/article_6d3342f9-2d72-542c-b223-b4e71baac82f.html / https://archive.ph/0CsQb

https://buffalonews.com/news/ex-hells-angels-leader-acquitted-of-killing-rival/article_a7041c19-e76a-5588-9072-759997276393.html / https://archive.ph/68fCD

https://www.newspapers.com/article/leader-telegram/134431579/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news/118260260/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-buffalo-news-obituary-for-wally-posn/118260973/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/democrat-and-chronicle/118338633/

https://buffalonews.com/news/jury-deliberating-hells-angels-murder-case/article_d84fc199-0b69-5630-9190-a7d7beabffeb.html / https://archive.ph/goQoq

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/investigators-might-have-solved-outlaw-murder/article_1b6cbea8-f120-5468-83b7-ef6e76da4ba4.html / https://archive.ph/tBwoL

https://web.archive.org/web/20170707132521/https://gangsterreport.com/the-lancaster-national-speedway-slayings-hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-peaked-in-1990s-with-racetrack-fight/

https://web.archive.org/web/20210502135038/https://gangsterreport.com/the-ballad-of-buffalo-wally-western-new-york-is-now-ground-zero-for-the-outlaws-mc-bringing-midwest-club-east/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/democrat-and-chronicle/46601949/

https://buffalonews.com/news/weekend-killings-of-bikers-expected-to-spawn-warfare/article_3d90122d-310a-55fa-b1c3-c5e0d73bdd38.html / https://archive.ph/hbW27

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikers-suspected-in-shootout/article_3be6537e-58fb-532e-8be7-a91d2a394ea9.html / https://archive.ph/bTGwX



https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914f949add7b049349a15ca


On July 4, 1964, the Outlaws merged with the Cult, a small motorcycle gang from [[Voorheesville, New York|Voorheesville]] in [[upstate New York]].{{sfn|Langton|2010|p=42}} The club then became established in [[Buffalo, New York|Buffalo]] via an amalgamation of the Chosen Few MC, which was the dominant biker gang in [[Western New York]] during the mid-to-late 1970s and maintained links to the Outlaws in the [[Midwestern United States|Midwest]] and [[Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club|Satan's Choice]] across the Canadian border in [[Ontario]]. The Chosen Few became a prospective chapter of the Outlaws in December 1980 before eventually "patching over". Subsequent factions were founded in the [[Southern Tier]] in 2001, [[Niagara Falls, New York|Niagara Falls]] in 2012, and [[Silver Creek|Silver Creek]] in 2019.<ref>[http://www.outlawsmc.com/newyork/history.html History] outlawsmc.com {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.is/jkiMC |date=July 27, 2023 }}</ref> The Outlaws are involved in transporting cocaine into the [[Buffalo–Niagara Falls metropolitan area]] from Florida<ref>[https://buffalonews.com/1994/10/02/bikers-brought-years-of-feuding-and-guns-to-town/ Bikers brought years of feuding - and guns - to town] ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (October 2, 1994)</ref> and have formed a working relationship with the [[Buffalo crime family]], acting as enforcers and contract killers for the [[American Mafia|Mafia]].<ref name="Feds Name Buffalo’s “Tommy O” As Boss Of The Outlaws MC, Placing Him A Single Degree Away From Alleged Mob Don Big Joe Todaro, Jr."/>

<ref name="2 Held">[https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/21/archives/2-held-with-truck-carrying-dynamite.html 2 Held With Truck Carrying Dynamite] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 21, 1970) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103010517/https://www.nytimes.com/1970/01/21/archives/2-held-with-truck-carrying-dynamite.html |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Posnjak">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/457/1110/307974/ ''United States of America v. Walter Posnjak''] [[Justia]] (December 17, 1971) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103011640/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/457/1110/307974/ |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker violence">[http://buffalonews.com/news/local/article_4a2b6939-e57f-5677-9914-1a546faaa908.html Biker violence in Western New York] ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (October 7, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/zdG9l |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ballad of Buffalo Wally">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-ballad-of-buffalo-wally-western-new-york-is-now-ground-zero-for-the-outlaws-mc-bringing-midwest-club-east/ The Ballad of Buffalo Wally: Western New York Is Now Ground Zero For the Outlaws MC, Bringing Midwest Club East] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 28, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221103005206/https://gangsterreport.com/the-ballad-of-buffalo-wally-western-new-york-is-now-ground-zero-for-the-outlaws-mc-bringing-midwest-club-east/ |date=November 3, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Fatal shooting">[https://buffalonews.com/news/fatal-shooting-began-after-outlaw-punch-witness-says-gang-moved-in-ambush-style/article_f2bd2be1-8c8b-5b39-86f1-bfd06503af58.html Fatal shooting began after Outlaw punch: Witness says gang moved in ambush style] Matt Gryta, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (March 16, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/KrkjE |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bikers brought years of feuding"/>

<ref name="Biker's murder trial">[https://buffalonews.com/news/bikers-murder-trial-under-way-in-94-slaying-of-rival-gang-leader-in-speedway-shoot/article_02ff9242-86a3-5791-a0df-d702bc5c09a3.html Biker's murder trial under way in '94 slaying of rival gang leader in speedway shoot-out] Matt Gryta, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (March 12, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/5XMAQ |date=November 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ermin is leader of Outlaws">[https://buffalonews.com/news/local/prosecutor-john-ermin-is-leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-club/html_6ec5f0be-a1dd-11eb-bb20-5377c80b9ec2.html Prosecutor: John Ermin is leader of Outlaws Motorcycle Club] Mike McAndrew, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (April 20, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/5kyY2#selection-2485.0-2494.0 |date=November 3, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Five pleas">[https://buffalonews.com/news/five-pleas-to-felonies-prove-bike-gangs-are-part-of-drug-trade-prosecutor-says/article_b4dcbd2c-bd93-5ce8-92b6-573788f66f39.html Five pleas to felonies prove bike gangs are part of drug trade, prosecutor says] Dan Herbeck, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (January 4, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/yffSq |date=November 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Leader draws 4-year term">[https://buffalonews.com/news/leader-of-outlaws-motorcycle-gang-draws-4-year-term-in-cocaine-arrest/article_e58a7dba-8849-53c1-a11d-8f7fd6cb0f0b.html Leader of Outlaws motorcycle gang draws 4-year term in cocaine arrest] Dan Herbeck, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (May 1, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/BWVz7 |date=November 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Medical examiner tells jury">[http://buffalonews.com/news/article_6d319e1f-275f-5daa-8192-7a8618e466cd.html Medical examiner tells jury he's unable to tell how close biker's killer was to speedway victim] Matt Gryta, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (March 21, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/PUX71 |date=November 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

grenade thrown into the home of Walter Posnjak.{{sfn|Caine|2012|p=61}}

https://archive.ph/pFP16

https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/buffalonews/name/sergej-posnjak-obituary?id=4644842

https://poststandard.newspaperarchive.com/syracuse-post-standard/1994-09-30/page-12/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138505263/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138505129/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138505078/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138505284/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138506060/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138496316/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/138506180/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/118260973/obituary-for-wally-posnjak/

In October 1993, two hand grenades were thrown into the home of Buffalo Outlaws chapter president Walter "Buffalo Wally" Posnjak. A woman and two children sleeping in the residence survived without injury.<ref>[https://www.lancasterny.gov/document-center/town-board-minutes-agendas/communications/2014-1/2344-10-20-2014-communications-2/file.html Biker violence in Western New York] ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (October 7 2014)</ref>

Police seized weapons and racist litarature after raiding the Outlaws' Buffalo chapter clubhouse, located on Northumberland Avenue on the city's [[East Side, Buffalo|East Side]], in January 1998.<ref name="Police search">[https://buffalonews.com/news/police-search-for-leader-of-biker-gang-wanted-by-fbi/article_c3ac34e2-664b-5194-8c5a-6599f0d9a4c8.html Police search for leader of biker gang wanted by FBI] Dan Herbeck and Michael Beebe, ''[[The Buffalo News]]'' (March 21, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/HuSx8 |date=November 6, 2022 }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=the+rampers+brooklyn&source=bl&ots=wYtRRznsPc&sig=hsvWbQLY0Maj5Y9Y_rRrCpi_-Pc&hl=en&sa=X&ei=E0mmUYPJGanl0gGp64DYDw&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=the%20rampers%20brooklyn&f=false

<ref name="Lancaster National Speedway Slayings"/>

https://gangsterreport.com/the-harder-they-fall-buffalo-outlaws-mc-player-hard-guy-pleczyj-gone-at-82-club-boss-pays-respects/

https://gangsterreport.com/imprisoned-outlaws-mc-chief-battles-to-keep-bloody-vest-from-jurys-eyes-in-upcoming-trial/

https://buffalonews.com/news/local/crime-courts/prosecutors-seek-forfeiture-of-39-guns-from-outlaws-motorcycle-club-members-others-in-pharaohs-case/article_4fa9efdc-b1bb-11ee-baad-271235b8bf82.html / https://archive.ph/jBiSt

April 2010 gang assault https://buffalonews.com/news/police-courts/article_f36ebf56-5f92-520e-b741-ef58465d4f62.html / https://archive.ph/ZGWmY

https://buffalonews.com/news/local/crime-courts/outlaws-motorcycle-club-president-2-others-charged-with-possessing-guns/article_51d86eec-954a-11ee-8d54-e3bda66b0165.html

====North Carolina====
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer/146093298/

<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://crimeshop.org/2016/07/03/5-members-of-motorcycle-gang-slain/comment-page-1/

https://web.archive.org/web/20150717032147/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/crime/article26725426.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20160701210410/https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/crime/article87223662.html

https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SNH19810818.1.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------

https://web.archive.org/web/20240906180444/https://greensboro.com/bikers-brought-turf-wars-drugs-to-gaston/article_110f5805-7b8e-5cef-9bed-7cd767ddda42.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230131024145/https://greensboro.com/what-happened-to-the-outlaws/article_43fdf8b0-306c-5be9-87a5-f1659c0522c6.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KFjD_66ev8A


https://amp.charlotteobserver.com/article87223662.html / https://archive.ph/AWJ9d

https://archive.ph/7Y19R

https://archive.ph/lZOfZ

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207131412/https://gangsterreport.com/one-time-charlotte-biker-boss-chains-flamont-dies-in-car-wreck-was-at-center-of-outlaws-hells-angels-wars-of-1970s/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=3107384%3Amarklovett191&sort=paper-date-desc

Five people – William "Water Head" Allen, Bridgette "Midget" Benfield, William "Mouse" Droneburg, Randall Feazell and Leonard "Terrible Terry" Henderson – were shot dead in the Outlaws' clubhouse in [[Charlotte, North Carolina|Charlotte]] on July 4, 1979. Droneburg, Feazell and Henderson were club members, while Allen was a prospective member; Benfield was his girlfriend. The bodies of those killed were discovered by chapter president William "Chains" Flamont the following morning.<ref>[https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/article26733796.html Mystery of biker massacre] Leigh Dyer, ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'' (July 3, 1999)</ref> Two suspects, Gregory Scott Lindaman and Randy Allen Pigg, were identified in the case. Lindaman fled to [[San Bernardino, California]] where he was arrested on July 13, 1979 on an unrelated murder warrant that was issued by police in [[Mecklenburg County, North Carolina|Mecklenburg County]]. After being extradited to North Carolina, he and Pigg were both interviewed by detectives although they were not charged due to a lack of evidence linking them to the murders.<ref>[https://www.wbtv.com/story/29499898/police-solve-1979-cold-case-left-five-dead-suspects-deceased/ Police solve 1979 cold case that left five dead in Charlotte, suspects deceased] [[WBTV]] (July 8, 2015)</ref> The massacre remained a [[cold case]] until the [[Charlotte-Mecklenburg Police Department]] announced on July 8, 2015 that they had closed the case, naming Lindaman and Pigg as the perpetrators. Both men were already deceased; Lindaman was killed in a traffic accident in [[Houston, Texas]] on October 15, 1990, and Pigg died from liver disease in Charlotte on October 5, 2007. Police believe that Lindaman had a personal feud with Henderson which led to the killings.<ref>[https://www.charlotteobserver.com/news/local/crime/article26725426.html How police solved 1979 biker massacre] Mark Washburn, Joe Marusak and Jane Wester, ''[[The Charlotte Observer]]'' (July 8, 2015)</ref>

Outlaws member Tommy Stroud was shot dead in Charlotte in February 1981.<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/hutchinson-news-nov-17-1981-p-120/ Outlaw motorcycle gangs work like mob families] Dan Lohwasser, ''[[The Hutchinson News]]'' (November 17, 1981)</ref>

Gamboa-Forester mine murders 1981<ref name="Bikes 'n drugs"/>
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/01/26/Bodies-of-two-kidnapping-victims-found-in-mineshaft/4345380869200/ / https://archive.ph/ktDH2
https://web.archive.org/web/20230728222945/https://law.justia.com/cases/north-carolina/supreme-court/1986/317a85-0.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20230728223033/https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914c2c0add7b049347c1bfd
https://www.newspapers.com/article/21854883/gary_miller/
https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Ore_Knob_Mine_Murders.html?id=RY_qAAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=uVX2AAAAQBAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=Lonnie+Gamboa+and+Thomas+Forester&source=bl&ots=9BOTe5e4Rj&sig=ACfU3U2KJ5bp7SBD55UoO6tv1013FtaTjg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy3aDFurKAAxU7VkEAHXSDAgg4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&q=Lonnie%20Gamboa%20and%20Thomas%20Forester&f=false
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=KShPs28MhNwC&pg=PA26&lpg=PA26&dq=Lonnie+Gamboa+and+Thomas+Forester&source=bl&ots=Rc-30PCMOX&sig=ACfU3U3Edi6BfesBafnXrT_4Q9FLw4Ghtw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy3aDFurKAAxU7VkEAHXSDAgg4ChDoAXoECBwQAw#v=onepage&q=Lonnie%20Gamboa%20and%20Thomas%20Forester&f=false
https://web.archive.org/web/20230728223253/https://journalnow.com/photos-search-for-bodies-in-ashe-countys-ore-knob-mine/collection_9e90076e-7d59-11ec-bd72-ffebbb4a140d.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20230728223436/https://www.nps.gov/parkhistory/online_books/symposia/newriver-84/sec6.htm
https://journalnow.com/gallery/news/ore-knob-mine-murders/collection_f9038fb4-258c-11e3-b01c-0019bb30f31a.html#1 / https://archive.ph/ojNdm




https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer/54111241/

https://www.wbtv.com/story/32368172/inside-the-investigation-of-charlottes-worst-mass-killing/

https://crimeshop.org/2016/07/03/5-members-of-motorcycle-gang-slain/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230131024145/https://greensboro.com/what-happened-to-the-outlaws/article_43fdf8b0-306c-5be9-87a5-f1659c0522c6.html

https://journalnow.com/10-in-charlotte-area-charged-in-motorcycle-gang-probe/article_60e8ac69-711d-53da-85b9-9acb55b59378.html / https://archive.ph/fRB0r

====Ohio====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://archive.ph/9Jsla

https://archive.ph/CuLMB

https://www.newspapers.com/article/dayton-daily-news/117543970/

David Spurgeon
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/407301995/
http://www.davidspurgeon.org/fastlane.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20240908025132/https://www.dorsetecho.co.uk/news/5381714.one-extreme-to-another/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-delaware-gazette-obituary-for-marjor/152389932/


<ref name="5 indicted">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/29754680/criminal_cousin_arthur_zaccone_member/ 5 indicted on drug charges] ''[[Akron Beacon Journal]]'' (August 29, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230719200642/https://www.newspapers.com/article/29754680/criminal_cousin_arthur_zaccone_member/ |date=July 19, 2023 }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=Wayne+%E2%80%9CJoe+Black%E2%80%9D+Hicks&source=bl&ots=w-tLQDquL4&sig=ACfU3U0cyxNWwtAr0CmD4Bbw7sN1YkOphQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiooM7N6Kb6AhU8SkEAHQw9APo4ChDoAXoECA4QAw#v=onepage&q=Wayne%20%E2%80%9CJoe%20Black%E2%80%9D%20Hicks&f=false

<ref name="''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''"/>

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=9645452%3Aambdayton&sort=paper-date-asc

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-12-21-0412210338-story.html / https://archive.ph/deNBD

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/64753270/mc/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3693159/kenneth-hambone-hamond/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3693159/kenneth-hambone-hamond/

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2004-12-21-0412210338-story.html

Two members of the Freeboarders, a club allied with the Outlaws, were assaulted by Iron Horsemen during a bar brawl in [[Camp Washington, Cincinnati|Camp Washington]], Cincinnati on January 14, 1989 after inviting Outlaws members to a party at the bar.<ref name="Tristate biker violence"/> Members of the Outlaws' [[Dayton, Ohio|Dayton]] chapter were meeting with Iron Horsemen members at a tavern in [[Mount Carmel, Ohio|Mount Carmel]] on January 21, 1989 when a shootout erupted, killing two people – Outlaws national sergeant-at-arms Kenneth "Hambone" Hammond and New York Iron Horsemen member Kenneth Casella – and leaving another four hospitalized in serious condition. Freeboarders and Aeolas bikers were also involved in the shooting.<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/01/22/Police-said-Sunday-they-did-not-know-what-caused/6701601448400/ Police said Sunday they did not know what caused...] [[United Press International]] (January 22, 1989)</ref> A week prior to the shootout, authorities received a report regarding an assault on two Outlaws members in Cincinnati by Iron Horsemen bikers.<ref name="Overview"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20221002190654/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2001/06/03/Toledo-s-killer-biker-turns-on-his-Outlaws-brothers/stories/200106030033

https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1997/04/24/former-outlaw-president-cuts-a-deal/

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-6th-circuit/1327298.html

https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2004/06/02/Outlaws-trial-ends-with-12-convicted-most-found-guilty-of-racketeering/stories/200406020038#:~:text=Outlaws%20trial%20ends%20with%2012%20convicted%3B%20most%20found%20guilty%20of%20racketeering,-fraser%20%2F%20blade

https://web.archive.org/web/20221002190544/https://www.toledoblade.com/local/2004/12/21/Ex-gang-boss-sentenced-to-life-in-prison/stories/200412210047

https://www.toledoblade.com/local/police-fire/2002/10/26/Man-sought-in-east-side-bar-death/stories/200210260005

https://eu.heraldtimesonline.com/story/news/2004/03/18/jailed-outlaws-motorcycle-club-president-to-face-second-trial/118127388/

====Oklahoma====
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/819/1542/244799/

The [[Oklahoma City]] chapter of the Outlaws, which is the club's westernmost chapter, is the headquarters of the Outlaws' "South" region.<ref name="The Outlaws"/>


<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>


<ref name="5 Outlaws Members Arrested in Raids">[https://eu.oklahoman.com/story/news/1985/02/13/5-outlaws-motorcycle-club-members-arrested-in-raids/62774216007/ 5 Outlaws Motorcycle Club Members Arrested in Raids] Charles Gaylor, ''[[The Oklahoman]]'' (February 13, 1985) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221219213120/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/1985/02/13/5-outlaws-motorcycle-club-members-arrested-in-raids/62774216007/ |date=December 19, 2022 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230821182903/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2003/09/19/indictment-names-nine-outlawsbrclub-members-face-meth-allegations/62025407007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240806200203/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2005/03/03/outlaw-member-receives-termbrthe-sentence-ends-federal-proceedings-against-motorcycle-gangs-members/61952599007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240806211123/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2005/03/03/outlaws-sentences/61952603007/

https://archive.ph/au0RZ

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/819/1542/244799/

https://www.news9.com/story/61ca6590a15d7f0c379511c7/motorcycle-gang-violence-to-blame-for-marines-murder-in-lincoln-co-prosecutors-say

https://www.newson6.com/story/5e367e0a2f69d76f620915ed/outlaw-biker-club-leader-sentenced-to-20-years-in-prison

https://eu.oklahoman.com/story/news/2005/03/03/outlaw-member-receives-termbrthe-sentence-ends-federal-proceedings-against-motorcycle-gangs-members/61952599007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221109002411/https://gangsterreport.com/the-outlaws-motorcycle-clubs-overlord-of-oklahoma-tried-breathing-life-back-into-okc-chapter-instead-faces-life-in-murder-of-a-pagan/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220819144241/https://gangsterreport.com/dont-believe-the-hype-oklahoma-outlaws-mc-legend-arlo-nelson-not-a-shot-caller-anymore-says-multiple-sources/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220121060137/https://gangsterreport.com/pagans-mcs-blue-wave-mandate-in-the-west-turns-violent-pair-of-outlaws-charged-with-killing-pagan-marine-in-highway-shooting/

====Pennsylvania====
On March 17, 2009, 22 people—including a correctional officer—were charged in connection with a $3.6 million cocaine distribution ring operated by members and "wannabes" of the Outlaws Motorcycle Club in [[Luzerne County, Pennsylvania]].<ref>[http://www.citizensvoice.com/articles/2009/03/19/news/wb_voice.20090319.t.pg4.cv19cdoutlaws_s1.2381708_loc.txt Article from the "Citizens' Voice"] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090326060406/http://www.citizensvoice.com/articles/2009/03/19/news/wb_voice.20090319.t.pg4.cv19cdoutlaws_s1.2381708_loc.txt |date=2009-03-26 }}</ref>

On August 24, 2009, 15 members of the Outlaws Philadelphia chapter were arrested in connection with a [[methamphetamine]] ring. Those arrested included chapter president Thomas "The Boss" Zaroff and Lonzo "Death Row" Smith According to Pennsylvania District Attorney Tom Corbett, the club sold methamphetamine in [[Philadelphia]], [[Bucks County, Pennsylvania|Bucks]], [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania|Montgomery]], [[Chester County, Pennsylvania|Chester]], and [[Delaware County, Pennsylvania|Delaware]] counties in Pennsylvania and in [[Camden County, New Jersey|Camden]] and [[Burlington County, New Jersey|Burlington]] counties in [[New Jersey]].<ref>http://www.philly.com/philly/news/breaking/20090824_Officials_target_meth_ring__Phila__motorcyle_gang.html From Philly.com - website of the Philadelphia Inquirer</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>


<ref name="''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''] Pennsylvania Crime Commission (1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111193847/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>


The Outlaws chapter in [[Kensington, Philadelphia|Kensington]] was formed when several members of the [[Breed Motorcycle Club|Breed]] patched over to the Outlaws circa 2006.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=alan+hogan+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=gLM_mxV_jk&sig=ACfU3U365HNn7jNY9cODJCW6yejUbgLjWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjawP7Fg7zrAhWZi1wKHVhOCnU4ChDoATAJegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=alan%20hogan%20hells%20angels&f=false ''Biker Gangs and Organized Crime''] Thomas Barker (2014)</ref>

<ref name="Did 'Gorilla' cause Angels to take flight">[https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/ont.general/9EjI9npQRJg Did 'Gorilla' cause Angels to take flight?] Kitty Caparella, ''[[The Philadelphia Inquirer]]'' (November 30, 2005)</ref>

====South Carolina====

====South Dakota====
An Outlaws member was shot by a Sons of Silence member during a bar fight in which two other Sons of Silence bikers were stabbed in [[Sturgis, South Dakota|Sturgis]] in August 1990.<ref>[https://www.foxnews.com/printer_friendly_wires/2006Aug11/0,4675,BikerViolence,00.html Biker Gang Violence Reappears at Rally] Carson Walker, [[Fox News]] (August 11, 2006)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20221001203652/https://www.king5.com/article/news/local/2006-biker-gunfight-trial-starts-in-sioux-falls/281-409920792

====Tennessee====
https://web.archive.org/web/20120304052113/https://www.chattanoogan.com/2010/2/25/169763/Federal-Agents-Raid-Outlaws-Motorcycle.aspx

https://web.archive.org/web/20100302234810/https://www.timesfreepress.com/news/2010/feb/27/outlaws-motorcycle-clubhouse-raided/



On January 1, 2010, the [[Knox County, Tennessee|Knox County]] Sheriff's Office in conjunction with the [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]] Police Department raided a house located at 205 Clifton Road to serve two arrest warrants and execute a search warrant on the property, alleged to be an Outlaw clubhouse. Officers, including members of the SWAT team, raided the facility just before midnight but found only a handful of elderly club members, who surrendered quickly and peacefully. Knox County Sheriff James Jones acted on information from an undercover informant who said many of the members of the club would be present at the informal celebration of New Year's Eve. Arrest warrants had been issued for Mark "Ivan" Lester and Kenneth Foster for their alleged roles in a confrontation with the undercover informant earlier in December 2009.  The informant had infiltrated the organization over 14 months previous. According to Sheriff Jones, Lester and Foster allegedly threatened the informant with a pistol and demanded the colors in his possession. By Club bylaws, Club colors always remain the property of the club and not of the individual member. The informant claimed to be in fear of his safety, and submitted to the men's demands. Mark Lester is alleged to be the Regional President in charge of the clubs operations in the states of Kentucky and Tennessee.

Both Lester and Foster were arrested at the residence and were charged with aggravated robbery and aggravated kidnapping. Upon search of the residence the officers found a few legally owned handguns and small amounts of marijuana. They alleged they had evidence of other illegal activities. Both men were jailed and held in lieu of 3 million dollar bonds.<ref name="knoxnews.com">"Sheriff raids biker gang house: Authorities serve warrants on Outlaws, two arrested", ''The Knoxville News Sentinel'', Friday, January 1, 2010, [http://www.knoxnews.com/news/2010/jan/01/sheriff-raids-biker-gang-house]</ref> Other than the charges stemming from the club's unmasking of the undercover officer, however, no other charges have been filed.
<ref name="knoxnews.com"/>

All charges against Mark Lester and Kenneth Foster were later dropped.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.agingrebel.com/10570|title=Knoxville Outlaws Serve DA {{!}} The Aging Rebel|website=www.agingrebel.com|access-date=2016-07-20}}</ref>

Authorities estimate that the Outlaws control approximately 80% of the methamphetamine market in [[Nashville, Tennessee|Nashville]], [[Knoxville, Tennessee|Knoxville]] and [[Chattanooga, Tennessee|Chattanooga]]. The Tennessee Outlaws have also been involved in shipping stolen motorcycles and motorcycle parts to club chapters in Australia.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview"/>

https://gangsterreport.com/temperatures-rising-in-tennessee-outlaws-pagans-mcs-see-more-violence-erupt-as-pagans-continue-blue-wave-push/
https://www.foxnews.com/us/biker-gang-shooting-tennessee-bar
https://indianexpress.com/article/world/us-two-in-biker-gangs-fatally-shot-outside-tennessee-bar-say-police-7895889/

====Virginia====
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/outlaws-motorcycle-gang-members-found-guilty
https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/washingtondc/press-releases/2010/wfo061510.htm
https://www.nbc12.com/story/13351134/biker-gang-trial-gets-underway-wednesday/
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/manassas-outlaws-bike-gang-members-arrested-in-sweep
https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/washingtondc/press-releases/2010/wfo061510.htm

====Wisconsin====
<ref name="Outlaws Motorcycle Gang"/>

https://journaltimes.com/article_fbc83a5d-6032-507b-b7b5-3fee2ce5dbf7.html / https://archive.ph/XYjhY

timeline: https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald/12790564/?locale=en-GB + https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/129643182/ + https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/bikers-suspected-in-shootout/article_3be6537e-58fb-532e-8be7-a91d2a394ea9.html (https://archive.ph/bTGwX)

https://web.archive.org/web/20240901202728/https://dailyreporter.com/2000/07/25/security-tightens-as-outlaws-trial-begins/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/marshfield-news-herald/134431666/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240824022637/https://www.chicagotribune.com/1999/03/09/gang-member-details-slaying-of-couple/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240824022201/https://www.chicagotribune.com/2001/03/10/biker-given-45-years-in-1993-slaying-in-richmond/

https://journaltimes.com/outlaws-turncoat-admits-to-murder-in-court/article_dcb402b6-b244-5c94-9f79-4a1167fc6c70.html / https://archive.ph/7QCLa

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/two-outlaws-give-up-local-boss-still-at-large/article_4faf603f-596c-5590-9f90-53cfd87d861c.html / https://archive.ph/u4t9x

https://newspaperarchive.com/janesville-gazette-jun-11-1997-p-12/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230901201038/https://www.rave.ca/en/news_info/189212/all/

https://web.archive.org/web/20211204112724/https://gangsterreport.com/milwaukee-outlaws-mc-buried-one-of-its-own-in-winter-of-17-rhino-hammond-remembered-for-fearless-spirit/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-capital-times/134785855/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-la-crosse-tribune/134786264/

https://journaltimes.com/news/local/a-fifth-outlaw-pleads-guilty-to-racketeering/article_442254b3-710c-58fa-9eed-a30d7b47a1ac.html / https://archive.ph/KuAUz

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-times/129643182/

https://journaltimes.com/police-officer-may-lose-badge-over-ties-with-outlaws-gang/article_7f8637ff-0f31-5f34-884b-31327a2de883.html / https://archive.ph/CzMRt

https://journaltimes.com/news/local/prosecutor-photo-shows-outlaws-threat/article_f7a08af5-7333-5392-be75-a2e88fb83f44.html / https://archive.ph/NfA6z

https://www.nwitimes.com/news/article_69f001ab-2545-5003-b891-f69c492c96f8.html / https://archive.ph/HWACj

https://web.archive.org/web/20230901201038/http://www.rave.ca/en/news_info/189212/all/

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/jury-finds-eight-outlaws-guilty/article_fe413ec9-cee6-5192-a672-940c61620713.html / https://archive.ph/EMTAM

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802234800/https://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/documents/16-425URL1Outlawtrial.pdf

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/599433806/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/marshfield-news-herald/134431666/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220305113202/https://www.shawlocal.com/northwest-herald/news/crime-and-courts/2022/03/05/outlaws-motorcycle-club-member-madman-to-stay-in-prison-for-93-richmond-double-murder/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220408111454/https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/4/8/23012034/outlaws-motorcycle-club-randall-madman-miller-hells-angels-first-step-act-mchenry-county-richmond

https://web.archive.org/web/20240703105329/https://chicago.suntimes.com/the-watchdogs/2024/07/03/outlaws-motorcycle-club-bikers-randall-madman-miller-compassionate-release

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-herald/12790564/?locale=en-GB

https://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/no-problems-with-local-outlaws/article_3f254f4e-79c6-11df-9924-001cc4c002e0.html / https://archive.ph/AZVGc

https://journaltimes.com/jurors-hear-closing-arguments-in-outlaws-trial/article_9307deb6-855d-5217-8c3c-96d9dfa3bc82.html / https://archive.ph/2ykQd

https://qconline.com/article_fbca420c-420f-549f-bde5-734774b051ec.html / https://archive.ph/eBiDs

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-la-crosse-tribune/70280824/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/leader-telegram/134785725/?locale=en-GB

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-la-crosse-tribune/70280896/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/3744235/1970_miurder_outlaw_prospect/

https://law.justia.com/cases/wisconsin/supreme-court/1974/state-200-4.html

https://www.newspapers.com/article/25170126/the_sheboygan_press/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221030230126/https://gangsterreport.com/the-farmhouse-murders-case-of-milwaukee-outlaws-mc-members-killing-married-couple-in-illinois-cracked-20-years-ago/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221005153917/https://gangsterreport.com/chicago-biker-boss-apprehended-following-decade-a-half-as-fugitive-90s-outlaws-leader-looked-at-in-three-murders/

https://archive.ph/8JV1M

https://archive.ph/sbRfN

https://archive.ph/VZPHV

https://archive.ph/eLJUp

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=TfP9GURM8yQC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=iron+horsemen+cincinnati+1967&source=bl&ots=w-wLLApvJ7&sig=ACfU3U2Ia6rxO9hdokKLIJNixV7f-uFEPA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjyv5e_vYCBAxXKUkEAHZbUCwE4ChDoAXoECB0QAw#v=onepage&q=iron%20horsemen%20cincinnati%201967&f=false


https://web.archive.org/web/20221204022136/https://journaltimes.com/jurors-hear-closing-arguments-in-outlaws-trial/article_9307deb6-855d-5217-8c3c-96d9dfa3bc82.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35028029/the-sheboygan-press/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220306103428/https://gangsterreport.com/the-madness-will-not-be-returning-to-milwaukee-outlaws-mc-strongman-madman-miller-denied-motion-for-release-from-life-sentence/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221106153933/https://archive.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/96370809.html

In 1974, a violent feud began between the Outlaws and the Heaven's Devils, a biker gang with approximately 30 members in the Milwaukee area.<ref name="Justice Denied"/> On April 26, 1974, nine Heaven's Devils bikers were robbed of their club [[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]] at gunpoint by two Outlaws, Peter Olson and Thomas John Roehl, in the apartment of Heaven's Devils member Robert Potrykas. Olson and Roehl were convicted of armed robbery on September 19, 1974 and sentenced to seven years' imprisonment each after a number of Heaven's Devils members, including club president Michael Vermilyea, testified against them.<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/wisconsin/supreme-court/1977/75-718-c-7.html ''Thomas J. Roehl v. the State of Wisconsin''] [[Justia]] (January 6, 1977)</ref> The homes of several Heaven's Devils' members were firebombed or strafed with gunfire shortly afterwards.<ref name="Justice Denied"/> On November 5, 1974, fifteen-year-old newspaper delivery boy Larry O. Anstett was killed when an explosive hidden inside a cardboard box and left on the roof of an [[Oldsmobile]] belonging to Vermilyea exploded outside Vermilyea's home on North 83rd Street.<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/06/archives/bombkillsnewspapercarrier.html Bomb Kills Newspaper Carrier] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 6, 1974) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221006162202/https://www.nytimes.com/1974/11/06/archives/bombkillsnewspapercarrier.html |date=October 6 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/article/logansport-pharos-tribune-miluakee-heave/3743896/?locale=en-GB

The Sentinel offered a $5,000 reward for information leading to the arrest and conviction of the paperboy’s killer. Vermilyea’s father put up another $1,000

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/401253116/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/400975332/

John Wayne "Flapper" Buschman

<ref name="Justice Denied"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20221220213633/https://gangsterreport.com/milwaukee-outlaws-mc-buried-one-of-its-own-in-winter-of-17-rhino-hammond-remembered-for-fearless-spirit/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230000000000*/https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914f949add7b049349a15ca

https://qconline.com/news/illinois/six-cycle-club-members-indicted/article_0419c9fa-5f07-59b5-8ca5-f8acf4de35c4.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20221220214957/https://qconline.com/news/illinois/six-cycle-club-members-indicted/article_0419c9fa-5f07-59b5-8ca5-f8acf4de35c4.html

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/group-of-outlaw-bikers-arrested-in-merrillville/article_2579b8c1-d158-5863-8730-0ba2b5a93bae.html / https://archive.ph/JapWQ

https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/biker-takeover-could-bring-shooting-war/article_1a3d1c0e-de95-5cd5-9661-8ab185916278.html / https://archive.ph/Y4JTa

https://mylifeofcrime.wordpress.com/2016/11/05/cold-case-larry-anstett-murder-1151974-milwaukee-wi-why-has-there-been-no-justice-for-the-15-year-old-innocent-victim/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20200924000209/https://mylifeofcrime.wordpress.com/2016/11/05/cold-case-larry-anstett-murder-1151974-milwaukee-wi-why-has-there-been-no-justice-for-the-15-year-old-innocent-victim/

https://www.milwaukeemag.com/justicedenied/ / https://archive.ph/od6Uc

https://defrostingcoldcases.com/remembering-larry-anstett/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20170503164300/https://defrostingcoldcases.com/remembering-larry-anstett/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/527/1082/309517/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/386/822/2308072/

Outlaws members John Buschman and Joseph "Junkyard" Koller were convicted of first-degree sexual assault on April 13, 1980 after a woman was beaten and raped by four men at the Outlaws' clubhouse on the [[South Side (Milwaukee)|South Side]] of Milwaukee in May 1978.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15652425/outlaw-gang-rape/ Two cycle gang members convicted] ''[[Wausau Daily Herald]]'' (April 14, 1980)</ref> Buschman was sentenced to five years in state prison.<ref name="Justice Denied"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20211204112724/https://gangsterreport.com/milwaukee-outlaws-mc-buried-one-of-its-own-in-winter-of-17-rhino-hammond-remembered-for-fearless-spirit/

In 1993, a [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] member was severely beaten by Outlaws members in Wisconsin.<ref name="Lancaster National Speedway Slayings"/>


https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3743896/miluakee-heavens-devils-ouitlaws-1979/
https://abatewis.org/about-us/history/1980-81-busy-years-sad-years/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/527/1082/309517/

https://www.goodreads.com/review/show/1751612322

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/a-look-at-the-outlaws-motorcycle-club_b_5847226fe4b0782fb98c2af1

https://archive.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/96370809.html/

https://archive.jsonline.com/news/crime/96736614.html/

https://shepherdexpress.com/culture/milwaukee-history/you-gotta-dirty-x93-new-book-outlaws-motorcycle-club-s-violent-vicious-history-milwaukee/

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/242194230/ Outlaws guilty of racketeering] ''[[The Sheboygan Press]]'' (June 16, 2000)</ref>

<ref>[https://qconline.com/news/illinois/federal-jurors-convict-members-of-motorcycle-gang-in-racketeering-trial/article_0e687c36-3e67-5cef-b943-a8fb79146165.html Federal jurors convict members of motorcycle gang in racketeering trial] ''[[The Dispatch–Argus]]''</ref>

https://www.podgist.com/true-murder/you-gotta-be-dirty-michael-grogan/index.html

<ref name="Murder in Burlington">[https://journaltimes.com/news/local/murder-in-burlington/article_01bf964d-d454-5fc0-855b-1061a41b63f7.html Murder in Burlington] Jane Rider, ''[[Racine Journal Times]]'' (August 25, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/BLoYA |date=December 4, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Police believe death execution">[https://journaltimes.com/news/local/police-believe-wagner-death-drug-execution/article_2e7249c7-5094-5fca-a3bf-5e6ccada2e39.html Police believe Wagner death drug execution] Jane Rider, ''[[Racine Journal Times]]'' (August 26, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/UcODC |date=December 4, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Jurors hear closing arguments in Outlaws trial">[https://journaltimes.com/jurors-hear-closing-arguments-in-outlaws-trial/article_9307deb6-855d-5217-8c3c-96d9dfa3bc82.html Jurors hear closing arguments in Outlaws trial] Rob Golub, ''[[Racine Journal Times]]'' (May 30, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204015524/https://journaltimes.com/jurors-hear-closing-arguments-in-outlaws-trial/article_9307deb6-855d-5217-8c3c-96d9dfa3bc82.html |date=December 4, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Three bikers get life sentences">[https://www.heraldnet.com/news/three-bikers-get-life-sentences-for-barbaric-crimes/ Three bikers get life sentences for ‘barbaric’ crimes] ''[[The Everett Herald]]'' (October 13, 2000) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221204020118/https://www.heraldnet.com/news/three-bikers-get-life-sentences-for-barbaric-crimes/ |date=December 4, 2022 }}</ref>

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1253519.html

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/687/687.F2d.1039.81-2998.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221220213633/https://gangsterreport.com/milwaukee-outlaws-mc-buried-one-of-its-own-in-winter-of-17-rhino-hammond-remembered-for-fearless-spirit/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221031000028/https://gangsterreport.com/imprisoned-outlaws-mc-chief-battles-to-keep-bloody-vest-from-jurys-eyes-in-upcoming-trial/

https://web.archive.org/web/20161202085005/https://archive.jsonline.com/news/crime/96736614.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20101215131527/http://www.hupy.com/news/complaint-filed-by-3-milwaukee-outlaws-against-summerfest-20090827.cfm

https://www.newspapers.com/article/43767317/triple-killing-marshfield/

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-muehlbauer

https://web.archive.org/web/20220310080733/https://www.fox6now.com/news/dodge-county-sheriff-warns-outlaws-motorcycle-club-we-are-watching

Yager capture 2014
https://archive.ph/V4dwI
https://archive.ph/HIaOW
https://archive.ph/2qOk4

Yager release denied 2022
https://web.archive.org/web/20221003092135/https://gangsterreport.com/the-madness-will-not-be-returning-to-milwaukee-outlaws-mc-strongman-madman-miller-denied-motion-for-release-from-life-sentence/

Anastas and Sienkowski early 2000s
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/252/780/2424822/
https://www. hd forums.com/forum/general-harley-davidson-chat/528225-tough-day-to-be-a-1-er-2.html
https://archive.nlpc.org/2004/02/16/union-boss-doing-double-duty-motorcycle-gang-chief/
https://www.democraticunderground.com/discuss/duboard.php?az=view_all&address=104x39882

Anastas 1980
https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/687/687.F2d.1039.81-2998.html
https://law.justia.com/cases/wisconsin/court-of-appeals/1982/81-1222-cr-5.html

https://lacrossetribune.com/news/local/cc05b32a-74cf-11e2-8685-0019bb2963f4.html / https://archive.ph/PpfBF
https://www.lb7.uscourts.gov/documents/16-425URL1Outlawtrial.pdf

Victoria Horneck
https://newspaperarchive.com/sheboygan-press-dec-14-1972-p-3/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/240528673/?locale=en-GB
https://law.justia.com/cases/wisconsin/supreme-court/1974/state-200-4.html
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sheboygan-press-horneck-6-july-197/51519188/

John Werner
https://www.newspapers.com/article/waukesha-daily-freeman-1970-miurder-outl/3744235/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-sheboygan-press-stabbing-of-outlaw-m/34913054/?locale=en-GB

===See also===
* [[Bandidos MC criminal allegations and incidents]]
* [[Hells Angels MC criminal allegations and incidents]]

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book |last=Barker |first=Thomas |title=Biker Gangs and Organized Crime |location=Oxfordshire |publisher=Routledge |year=2007 |isbn=9781593454067}}
* {{cite book |last=Langton |first=Jerry |title=Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets |location= Toronto |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-0470678787}}
* {{cite book |last=Roberts |first=Walter |title=Biker Gangs |location=London |publisher=RW Press |year=2012 |isbn=9781909284067}}
* {{cite book|last=Schneider|first=Stephen|title=Iced: The Story of Organized Crime in Canada|location=Toronto|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|date=2009|isbn=978-0470835005}}.

===References===
{{Reflist|30em}}

===External links===
* [http://www.outlawsmcworld.com/ Official Outlaws website] – listing many chartered local chapters, with links

<nowiki>{{Outlaws Motorcycle Club}}</nowiki>
{{Organized crime groups in the Americas}}
{{Organized crime groups in Canada}}
{{Organized crime groups in Chicago}}
{{Organized crime in Detroit}}
{{Organized crime in Philadelphia}}

[[:Category:Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Criminal allegations and incidents]]
[[:Category:Transnational organized crime]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Belgium]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in Canada]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in England]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in France]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Norway]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in the United States]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Connecticut]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Florida]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Georgia (U.S. state)]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Illinois]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Chicago]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Indiana]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Kentucky]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Maine]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Massachusetts]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Michigan]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Detroit]]
[[:Category:Gangs in New Hampshire]]
[[:Category:Gangs in New York (state)]]
[[:Category:Gangs in North Carolina]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Ohio]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Oklahoma]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Pennsylvania]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Philadelphia]]
[[:Category:Gangs in South Carolina]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Tennessee]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Virginia]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Wisconsin]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Wales]]

==Red Devils==
The first Red Devils chapter was founded in Sweden in November 2001.<ref>[https://www.rockandroad.de/motorrad/specials/supporter+migranten+streetgangs_143.html Supporter, Migranten, Streetgangs] Michael Ahlsdorf, rockandroad.de (2 April 2014)</ref> The club has since expanded to Australia, Belgium, Brazil, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Chile, China, England, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Singapore, South Africa, Sweden, Turkey, and the United States.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT69&lpg=PT69&dq=bandidos+mc+thailand+2001&source=bl&ots=ITrBKfMOsV&sig=ACfU3U3z38J1sGQjnDM0S4bMmUrF6knzEg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiisJjisObqAhWcZxUIHZzXCG84ChDoATACegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20mc%20thailand%202001&f=false ''The Outlaw Biker Legacy of Violence''] Thomas Barker (2018)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.pinterest.dk/pin/481814860134562788/ Red Devils pic]</ref>

==Red & White Crew==
There are Red & White Crew chapters in [[Helsingborg]], [[Gothenburg]], [[Malmö]] and two locations in [[Stockholm]].<ref>[https://www.svt.se/nyheter/har-finns-de-kriminella-mc-gangen Här finns de kriminella mc-gängen] [[Sveriges Television]] (21 September 2006)</ref>

<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-017-9310-y Organizing on two wheels: uncovering the organizational patterns of Hells Angels MC in Sweden] Amir Rostami and Hernan Mondani, [[Springer Science+Business Media]] (24 May 2017)</ref>

The Red & White Crew had over four-hundred members in Denmark around 2000 but subsequently became independent from the Hells Angels.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=f2FWAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT63&lpg=PT63&dq=bandidos+x+team+danmark&source=bl&ots=7mPqvm065O&sig=ACfU3U3yXk-RyjU-tqwEGW4G27DMzL76tA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZy-j2urnpAhVdRhUIHSRkBvA4ChDoATAHegQIBxAB#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20x%20team%20danmark&f=false ''Exit Hells Angels''] Søren Baastrup (2013)</ref> Subsequently another youth branch [[AK81]] was formed.

A Red & White Crew member was shot and killed on Gamla Tuvevägen in Gothenburg on 29 July 2007. A suspect was arrested but released due toa lack of evidence.<ref>[https://www.expressen.se/gt/olosta-morden-kring-ha-och-bandidos/ Olösta morden kring Hells Angels och Bandidos] Jens Andersson, ''[[Expressen]]'' (17 September 2016)</ref>

==Vietnamese organized crime==
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              =  Vietnamese organized crime
| image             =  
| image_size        = 
| caption           = 
| founded           = 1920s
| founder           =  <!--or | founders = -->
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Vietnam]]
| years_active      = 1920s–''present''
| territory         = Vietnam and Vietnamese communities abroad
| ethnicity         = [[Vietnamese people|Vietnamese]], [[Hoa people|Sino-Vietnamese]]
| membership        = 
| leaders           = 
| activities        = [[Bribery]], [[drug trafficking]], [[illegal gambling]], [[illegal immigration]], [[money laundering]], [[murder]], [[prostitution]], [[smuggling]]
| allies            = [[Chinese organized crime]]
| rivals            = 
| notable_members   = 
}}

'''Vietnamese organized crime''' refers to organized crime groups in Vietnam and [[Vietnamese people|ethnic Vietnamese]] gangs operating in other countries.

===History of Vietnamese organized crime===
{{See also|History of Organized Crime in Saigon}}
Among the first organized crime group to emerge in Vietnam were the [[Bình Xuyên]], which during the 1920s acted mainly as river pirates led by [[Dương Văn Dương]],<ref name ="vietorganizecrime">{{Cite web| url=http://factsanddetails.com/southeast-asia/Vietnam/sub5_9f/entry-3449.html| title=ORGANIZED CRIME IN VIETNAM: BINH XUYEN AND NAM CAM| date=2008| accessdate=2017-04-07| author=Jeffrey Hays| work=Facts and Details}}</ref> before later becoming a legitimate military organization that at the same time nearly controlled the entire supply of opium of Vietnam in 1954.<ref name="binhxuyen">{{Cite book| title= The Politics of Heroin in Southeast Asia| last=McCoy| first=Alfred| year=1972| publisher=Harper & Row| isbn=0060129018}}</ref> With the arrival of Vietnamese independence in 1945 (in the [[North Vietnam|North]]) and 1955 (in the [[South Vietnam|South]]), organized crime activity, including protection rackets, were drastically reduced as both the Northern and Southern governments purged criminal activity in their halves of the country. In spite of this, organized crime continued to persist in both halves of Vietnam.

In the South, during the 1960s, the underworld of [[Saigon]] at the time was defined by the "Four Great Kings" period, where the city was ruled by the four top powerful mobsters who presided over much of the organized criminal activities and rackets within the city, such as the drug dens, prostitution houses, night clubs and casinos. These four gangsters were 1)[[Đại Cathay]], 2)Huỳnh Tỳ, 3)Ngô Văn Cái and 4)Ba Thế, referred with veneration by the original Vietnamese saying, "Nhất Đại – nhì Tỳ - tam Cái – tứ Thế", referring to each of the four mobsters respectively by their level of dominance, with Đại Cathay referred to as being the king among kings in the city. Following 1975 and the reunification of Vietnam, the era of the Four Great Kings period came to and end, but [[Năm Cam]] would later come to form a dominant criminal group in Saigon during the 90s, where he was known for running numerous gambling dens, hotels, and restaurants that fronted for brothels, being said to have been going on a 15 year killing spree in Saigon where he eliminated his rivals. As such, he is often referred to as the godfather of Vietnam.<ref name ="vietorganizecrime"/><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://www.tinmoi.vn/bi-mat-ve-trum-giang-ho-khet-tieng-sai-gon-dai-cathay-01839721.html| title= Bí mật về trùm giang hồ khét tiếng Sài Gòn - Đại Cathay| date=2012-02-04| accessdate=2017-03-23| author= Hoàng Dũng | work=TinMoi}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url=http://vnexpress.net/tin-tuc/phap-luat/ho-so-pha-an/cuoc-doi-dai-cathay-trum-giang-ho-sai-gon-xua-3444362.html| title=Cuộc đời Đại Cathay - trùm giang hồ Sài Gòn xưa| date=2016-02-08| accessdate=2017-03-12| author=Vy Tường| work=VnExpress}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url= http://saigoneer.com/saigon-people/1949-gangsters-of-saigon-dai-cathay-part-1| title= Gangsters of Saigon: Dai Cathay - Part 1| date=2014-05-13| accessdate=2017-03-12| author= Dang Bui| work= Saigoneer}}</ref><ref name= "onetime">{{Cite web| url= https://cafevannghe.wordpress.com/2011/12/23/cu%E1%BB%99c-d%E1%BB%9Di-c%E1%BB%A7a-d%E1%BA%A1i-cathay/| title=CUỘC ĐỜI CỦA ĐẠI CATHAY| date=2011-12-23| accessdate=2017-03-12| author= hongoccan2017}}</ref>

Meanwhile, in the North, organized crime also existed, but it was much more masked from the general public and the government's eye, due to the North's more stringent control over organized criminal activity alongside stricter law enforcement. In spite of this, organized crime still managed to exist, most notably in the incidence of [[Khánh Trắng]], the former President of the Đồng Xuân Labor Union in Hanoi, which was the first non-state trade organization in the city. At his height, Khánh Trắng's organization had received praise from the northern government officials as a model example of an organization that should be replicated. However, underneath the guise of operating a legal labor union, Khánh Trắng started to transform the union into a something like an organized crime group that extorted from the merchants in the Đồng Xuân market and creating unfair policies that usually resulted in fines against the local merchants, in which Khánh profited from.<ref>{{Cite web| url= http://news.zing.vn/khanh-trang-nhung-bi-mat-cuoc-doi-gio-moi-ke-post437519.html| title= Khánh 'trắng', những bí mật cuộc đời giờ mới kể| date=2014-07-17| accessdate=2017-04-01| author= Minh Thuận| work=Zing}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url= http://www.mangtinmoi.com/khanh-trang-la-ai-va-tai-sao-khanh-trang-bi-tu-hinh-d5103.html| title= Khánh Trắng là ai và tại sao Khánh Trắng bị tử hình?| date=2015-08-09| accessdate=2017-04-01| author= mangtinmoi| work=Man Tin Moi}}</ref>

Another well known organized crime figure that originated from the North was [[Dung Hà]], who was a female gangster from the city of [[Haiphong]] where she originally ran an illicit casino business alongside gaining numerous followers or disciples behind her. Other gangsters such as Hải Bánh also originated from the North, but some of them like Hải and Dung Hà later toke their operations to the south in order to expand their operations and become wealthier.<ref>{{Cite web| url= http://www.doisongphapluat.com/phap-luat/ho-so-vu-an/chan-dung-ba-trum-dung-ha-com-can-dat-cang-a68206.html| title= Chân dung "bà trùm" Dung "Hà" cộm cán đất Cảng| date=2014-09-11| accessdate=2017-04-02| author=An An| work=DoiSongPhapLuat}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| url= http://cand.com.vn/Phong-su-tu-lieu/Duong-toi-dia-nguc-cua-me-gia-giang-ho-dat-Cang-163573/| title= Đường tới địa ngục của "mẹ già" giang hồ đất Cảng| date=2010-07-16| accessdate=2017-04-02| author= Nhóm PV| work=CongAnNhanDan}}</ref>

In the modern era, organized crime in Vietnam is mostly concentrated in the northern regions such as in [[Hạ Long]] City and the nearby port city of Haiphong which are notorious for being hotbeds of organized crime groups that engage in activities such as smuggling, prostitution, drugs, and a myriad of other criminal activities. The Vietnamese mafia was nicknamed "the snake" by a Russian online source, stating that inside these organizations is a rigid hierarchy, iron discipline and total control over each member of community established.<ref name ="vietorganizecrime"/>

===Criminal focus===

===Organizational structure===

===International activity===
====Australia====
Vietnamese organised crime has been active in Australia since the 1980s, and mostly targets members of the Vietnamese community in crimes such as murder, extortion, robbery and drug dealing, with standover and extortion rackets being the most common. Head of the [[Victoria Police]]'s Asian gang division, Detective Sergeant Stephen Pierce, was reported as saying in 1992: "Whilst the Vietnamese gangs lack organisation, they pose greater dangers due to their ease of mobility and transient nature, their random selection of targets, their lack of ties and ability to enact extreme violence upon their victims".  Vietnamese groups are also involved in organising heroin shipments, either independently of or in association with established Chinese heroin trafficking operations, and operate at all levels of the heroin trade from street dealing to importing. In addition to purchasing from Chinese importers, Vietnamese gangs also wholesale to [[Romanian mafia|Romanian]] and [[Lebanese mafia|Lebanese groups]].

<ref>[https://fas.org/irp/world/australia/docs/ncaaoc3.html Asian organized crime in Australia: A Discussion Paper by the Parliamentary Joint Committee on the National Crime Authority (February 1995)]</ref>

====Canada====

===Czech Republic===
There are approximately ten to fifteen Vietnamese gangs operating in the Czech Republic.<ref>[https://www.think.cz/en/67-culture/281-the-dragon-the-lion-vietnamese-organized-crime-in-the-czech-republic The Dragon & the Lion: Vietnamese Organized Crime in Czechia]</ref>

====Germany====

====Ireland====
Vietnamese crime groups are prominent in the indoor cultivation of cannabis in Ireland.<ref>[https://www.irishexaminer.com/ireland/icrime/foreign-gangs-highly-active-here-says-report-153487.html Foreign gangs highly active here, says report]</ref>

====Sweden====

====United Kingdom====

====United States====
<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/01/21/us/the-shifting-picture-of-crime-by-us-vietnamese.html THE SHIFTING PICTURE OF CRIME BY U.S. VIETNAMESE]</ref>

[[:Category:Organized crime in Vietnam]]
[[:Category:Transnational organized crime]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Australia]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in Canada]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in the Czech Republic]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in England]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in Germany]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Ireland]]
[[:Category:Organised crime groups in Scotland]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in Sweden]]
[[:Category:Organized crime groups in the United States]]

[[:sv:Vietnamesiska maffian]]

==Christie==
{{short description|American outlaw biker and gangster (born 1947)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = George Christie
| image              = 
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = George Gus Christie, Jr.
| birth_date         = {{birth date and age|1947|04|26}}
| birth_place        = [[Ventura, California]], U.S.
| death_date         =  
| death_place        = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = "Dirty George"
| occupation         = [[Outlaw biker]], [[gangster]]
| years_active       = 1966–2011
| known_for          = President of the Ventura [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] chapter
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| allegiance         = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]] (1976–2011)
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
}}
'''George Gus Christie, Jr.''' (born April 26, 1947) is an American former [[outlaw biker]] and [[gangster]] who served as president of the [[Ventura, California]] chapter of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]] between 1978 and 2011. He is the longest-serving chapter president in the club's history.<ref name="Street Smarts">[https://www.pacbiztimes.com/2022/05/06/street-smarts-former-ventura-hells-angels-leader-tells-his-story-at-library/ Street Smarts: Former Ventura Hells Angels leader tells his story at library] ''Pacific Coast Business Times'' (May 6, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207225152/https://www.pacbiztimes.com/2022/05/06/street-smarts-former-ventura-hells-angels-leader-tells-his-story-at-library/ |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref> The journalist [[Alice Carbone Tench]] described Christie as "the most notorious Hells Angel in America [after [[Sonny Barger]]].<ref name="Man Beyond The Myth Part 1">[https://alicecarbone.com/george-christie-interview-ex-hells-angels-last-american-outlaw/ Exclusive Interview With Ex-Hells Angels George Christie: The Man Beyond The Myth Part 1] AliceCarbone.com (August 31, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019195125/https://alicecarbone.com/george-christie-interview-ex-hells-angels-last-american-outlaw/ |date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>

===Early life===
===Hells Angels===
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA80&lpg=PA80&dq=ray+glore+russell+beyea+exile+on+front+street&source=bl&ots=LVS7Z1vMfR&sig=ACfU3U0ZMqDImNtcJsGC34PCznm7tqWkRA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJi5TUjY7-AhXSEcAKHcDTB_IQ6AF6BAgfEAM#v=onepage&q=ray%20glore%20russell%20beyea%20exile%20on%20front%20street&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT173&lpg=PT173&dq=hells+angels+mongols+march+1977&source=bl&ots=IUqwIlQQxY&sig=ACfU3U0UYCC_lDRqFWSGomsLTRY7iKNaZg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidz6vfoIz-AhWJasAKHVfhA7I4FBDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20mongols%20march%201977&f=false

<ref name="Legacy of Violence"/>

<ref name="George Christie’s ‘Outlaw’"/>

<ref name="Christie's Life In The Hells Angels"/>

one of the earliest "Filthy Few"<ref name="Man Beyond The Myth Part 1"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20210724045042/http://www.georgechristie.com/blog/a-different-christmas-story-final-chapter

https://web.archive.org/web/20190212181852/http://www.georgechristie.com/blog/this-link-will-take-you-to-exile-on-front-street-untold-stories

https://www.laweekly.com/mongols-vs-hells-angels/

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19771008.1.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------

https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/The_Angels_Do_Not_Forget_2nd_Edition.html?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&redir_esc=y

<ref name="Angels Do Not Forget"/>

<ref name="Born Under a Bad Sign">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=E87SK53KGMMC&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=hells+angels+mongols+july+7+1977&source=bl&ots=S8HpAGrSc5&sig=ACfU3U1hjOKKLsyPFA-5k53Eu3l9ZlF5xw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjVqIbIj478AhUKY8AKHU3BBHoQ6AF6BAgsEAM#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20mongols%20july%207%201977&f=false|isbn=9781441540461|title=Born Under a Bad Sign|date=September 2009|publisher=Xlibris, Corp.}}</ref>

<ref name="Man Beyond The Myth Part 1"/>

<ref name="Christie's Life In The Hells Angels">[https://knpr.org/knpr/2018-06/outlaw-george-christies-life-hells-angels-and-beyond Outlaw: George Christie's Life In The Hells Angels (And Beyond)] Fred Wasser, [[KNPR]] (June 20, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222184107/https://knpr.org/show/knprs-state-of-nevada/2018-06-20/outlaw-george-christies-life-in-the-hells-angels-and-beyond |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="President Of The Notorious Ventura Charter Of The Hells Angels">[https://washingtonindependent.com/ebv/george-christie/ George Christie - President Of The Notorious Ventura Charter Of The Hells Angels For Three Decades] Amandeep Coleman, ''[[The Washington Independent]]'' (March 3, 2022) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222184439/https://washingtonindependent.com/w/george-christie/ |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="History"/>

http://www.georgechristie.com/about.html

https://www.history.co.uk/shows/outlaw-chronicles-hells-angels/cast/george-christie-jr

https://www.independent.com/2018/05/01/george-christies-outlaw/

https://www.kpcc.org/show/airtalk/2003-12-04/atf-raids-the-hells-angels

http://ventura.chambermaster.com/news/details/former-hells-angel-george-christie-stars-in-one-man-show-outlaw-04-08-2018

https://narratively.com/i-was-a-hells-angel-for-40-years-this-is-the-one-time-i-doubted-the-outlaw-lifestyle/


<ref name="We were elite and acted like it">[https://gangstersinc.org/profiles/blogs/we-were-elite-and-acted-like-it-former-hells-angels-boss-george-c “We were elite and acted like it.” - Former Hells Angels boss George Christie sits down with Gangsters Inc.] GangstersInc.org (August 13, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019194539/https://gangstersinc.org/profiles/blogs/we-were-elite-and-acted-like-it-former-hells-angels-boss-george-c |date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Man Beyond The Myth Part 1">[https://alicecarbone.com/george-christie-interview-ex-hells-angels-last-american-outlaw/ Exclusive Interview With Ex-Hells Angels George Christie: The Man Beyond The Myth Part 1] AliceCarbone.com (August 31, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019195125/https://alicecarbone.com/george-christie-interview-ex-hells-angels-last-american-outlaw/ |date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Man Beyond The Myth Part 2">[https://alicecarbone.com/ex-hells-angels-george-christie-interview/ Exclusive Interview With Ex-Hells Angels George Christie: The Man Beyond The Myth Part 2] AliceCarbone.com (September 7, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019195409/https://alicecarbone.com/ex-hells-angels-george-christie-interview/ |date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels sue often">[https://www.cnbc.com/2013/11/29/despite-outlaw-image-hells-angels-sue-often.html Despite outlaw image, Hells Angels sue often] Serge F. Kovaleski, [[CNBC]] (November 29, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221019195552/https://www.cnbc.com/2013/11/29/despite-outlaw-image-hells-angels-sue-often.html |date=October 19, 2022 }}</ref>



<ref name="Scores Of Officers Take Part Raids">[https://apnews.com/article/552a678cd9995de3d4f469419bbcf98a Scores Of Officers Take Part In Drug, Gambling Raids on Hells Angels] [[Associated Press]] (April 30, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209235333/https://apnews.com/article/552a678cd9995de3d4f469419bbcf98a |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Jury Acquits Hells Angels Leader">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-06-me-vnbriefs6.1-story.html Jury Acquits Hells Angels Leader of ‘86 Murder Plot] Kim Murphy, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 20, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315203207/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-05-20-me-904-story.html |date=March 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaw actor parties">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/06/22/OUTLAW-ACTOR-PARTIES-WITH-OUTLAW-BIKERS/1720551332800/ Outlaw actor parties with outlaw bikers] William C. Trott, [[United Press International]] (June 22, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/7fZQT |date=September 29, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels trademark used without permission">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-27-me-515-story.html Hells Angels say trademark used without permission] Steve Harvey, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (October 27, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221124173255/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-10-27-me-515-story.html |date=November 24, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels sue">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/10/26/Hells-Angels-sue-over-alleged-trademark-infringement/5943625377600/ Hells Angels sue over alleged trademark infringement] Dave McNary, [[United Press International]] (October 26, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/TmGfO |date=November 24, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angel Lectures">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-04-me-377-story.html Hells Angel Lectures on News Ethics] Hugo Martin, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (June 4, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207232204/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-06-04-me-377-story.html |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Chief Soars">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-25-me-1901-story.html Hells Angels Chief Soars as Buddies Fall] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (August 25, 1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314143005/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-25-me-1901-story.html |date=March 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Comeback">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-13-me-12320-story.html Hells Angels Making a Comeback in Ventura] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (July 13, 1997) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129003849/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1997-jul-13-me-12320-story.html |date=November 29, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader and Wife Arrested">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-07-me-47324-story.html Hells Angels Leader and Wife Arrested] Daryl Kelley and Chris Chi, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 7, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220203127/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-07-me-47324-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader, Wife Face Charges">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-07-mn-47402-story.html Hells Angels Leader, Wife Face Drug Charges] Daryl Kelley and Chris Chi, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 7, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220201342/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-07-mn-47402-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Raids of Homes Called Illegal">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-08-me-47741-story.html Raids of Hells Angel’s Homes Called Illegal] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 8, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220200839/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-08-me-47741-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cash, Painkiller Seized">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-09-me-47915-story.html Cash, Painkiller Seized, Lawyer for Biker Says] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 9, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207230930/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-may-09-me-47915-story.html |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Family Members Targeted in Raids">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-03-me-13447-story.html Family Members of Hells Angels Leader Targeted in Raids] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 3, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220203507/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-mar-03-me-13447-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="9 Hells Angels Arrested">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-21-me-29587-story.html 9 Hells Angels Arrested During Drug Ring Probe] Daryl Kelley and Pamela Johnson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (April 21, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316205016/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-apr-21-me-29587-story.html |date=March 16, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Christie Turns to Attorney">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-25-me-30203-story.html Christie Turns to Prominent L.A. Attorney] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (February 25, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316204310/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-25-me-30203-story.html |date=March 16, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels leader indicted">[https://www.deseret.com/2001/2/26/19572006/hells-angels-leader-indicted Hells Angels leader indicted] ''[[Deseret News]]'' (February 26, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221184049/https://www.deseret.com/2001/2/26/19572006/hells-angels-leader-indicted |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels Sold Drugs From Air Base">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-01-me-31919-story.html Hells Angels Sold Drugs From Air Base, Indictment Says] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 1, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230730215144/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-01-me-31919-story.html |date=July 30, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Prosecutors Used Bugs, Informants">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-02-me-32316-story.html Prosecutors Used Bugs, Informants to Build Case Against Hells Angels] Daryl Kelley and Fred Alvarez,''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 2, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220202549/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-02-me-32316-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader Retains Lawyer">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-08-me-34932-story.html Hells Angels Leader Retains L.A. Lawyer in Drug-Ring Case] Daryl Kelly, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 8, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314144341/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-08-me-34932-story.html |date=March 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Arrest of Hells Angels">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-11-me-36440-story.html Arrest of Hells Angels] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 11, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221184400/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-11-me-36440-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader Solicits Help">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-14-me-37469-story.html Hells Angels Leader Solicits Help] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 14, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222204438/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-14-me-37469-story.html |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader Denies Selling Drugs">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-16-me-38560-story.html Hells Angels Leader Denies Selling Drugs to Students] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 16, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221172615/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-16-me-38560-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Accused Angel Denies Drug Involvement">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-16-me-38576-story.html Accused Hells Angel Denies Drug Case Involvement] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 16, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221173617/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-16-me-38576-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Judge Rejects Bid to Lower Bail">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-27-me-43315-story.html Judge Rejects Bid to Lower Bail for Jailed Hells Angels Leader] Daryl Kelley, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 27, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220202654/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-27-me-43315-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bail Reduction Denied">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-26-me-2824-story.html Bail Reduction Denied for Hells Angel] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 26, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220202024/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-26-me-2824-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bid to Lower Bail Denied">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-26-me-2739-story.html Biker’s Bid to Lower Bail Denied] Tina Dirmann, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 26, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221222204820/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-may-26-me-2739-story.html |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bail Ruled Excessive">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-19-me-12242-story.html Bail Ruled Excessive for Ex-Wife of Gang Leader] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (June 19, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316210038/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-19-me-12242-story.html |date=March 16, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-Wife Free on Bail">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-28-me-16075-story.html Christie’s Ex-Wife to Be Free on Bail] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (June 28, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220211910/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-28-me-16075-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Former Wife Leaves Jail">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-29-me-16598-story.html Hells Angels Leader’s Former Wife Leaves Jail] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (June 29, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220202150/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-29-me-16598-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Former Wife Posts Bail">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-29-me-16611-story.html Hells Angels Leader’s Former Wife Posts Bail] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (June 29, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221173321/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-jun-29-me-16611-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Christie's ex-wife released">[https://www.vcstar.com/news/christies-ex-wife-released-ep-371072679-352936941.html Christie's ex-wife released] ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (June 30, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323210108/https://archive.vcstar.com/news/christies-ex-wife-released-ep-371072679-352936941.html/ |date=March 23 23, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Daughter Cries Foul">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-sep-04-me-41851-story.html Christie’s Daughter Cries Foul] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (September 4, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317132139/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-sep-04-me-41851-story.html |date=March 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Backers Offer Help to Angels Leader">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-oct-18-me-58618-story.html Backers Offer Bail Help to Hells Angels Leader] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (October 18, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221172917/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-oct-18-me-58618-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230323211828/https://archive.vcstar.com/news/judge-drops-conspiracy-charges-ep-371072588-352933901.html/

<ref name="Real Estate Expected to Bail Out Angel">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-14-me-14689-story.html Real Estate Expected to Bail Out Hells Angel Leader] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 14, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221174209/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-14-me-14689-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mother to See Jailed Son">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-20-me-16584-story.html Mother to See Jailed Biker Son] Jose Cardenas, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 20, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207231045/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-20-me-16584-story.html |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Leader of Hells Angels Makes Bail">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jan-10-me-21637-story.html Leader of Hells Angels Makes Bail, Is Freed] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (January 10, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220200701/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jan-10-me-21637-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Christie Asks to Attend Funeral">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-02-me-rbriefs2.3-story.html Christie Asks to Attend His Mother’s Funeral] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 2, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220201225/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-02-me-rbriefs2.3-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angel Under House Arrest Seeks to Attend Funeral">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-02-me-christie2-story.html Hells Angel Under House Arrest Seeks to Attend Mother’s Funeral] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 2, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221172706/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-02-me-christie2-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Christie to Attend Funeral">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-06-me-vnbriefs6.1-story.html Court Permits Christie to Attend Mother’s Funeral] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 6, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220315203034/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-06-me-vnbriefs6.1-story.html |date=March 15, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader Gets OK">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-06-me-rbriefs6.1-story.html Hells Angels Leader Gets OK to Go to Funeral] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 6, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221184129/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-06-me-rbriefs6.1-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader Takes Plea Bargain">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-20-me-angels20-story.html Hells Angels Leader Takes Plea Bargain] Daryl Kelley, David Kelly and Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 20, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220316204412/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-20-me-angels20-story.html |date=March 16, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Results Questioned">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-21-me-angels21-story.html Hells Angels Case Results Questioned] Tracy Wilson, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (March 21, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317132451/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-mar-21-me-angels21-story.html |date=March 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels leader freed">[https://missoulian.com/hells-angels-leader-freed-after-more-than-a-year-in-jail/article_752d603a-b13b-5865-9554-ad4fb2031f60.html Hells Angels leader freed after more than a year in jail] Michael Jamison, ''[[Missoulian]]'' (April 17, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231003233824/https://missoulian.com/hells-angels-leader-freed-after-more-than-a-year-in-jail/article_752d603a-b13b-5865-9554-ad4fb2031f60.html |date=October 3, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels Leader, Ex-Wife and Son Get Probation">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-18-me-christie18-story.html Hells Angels Leader, Ex-Wife and Son Get Probation in Drug-Selling Case] Tracy Wilson and David Kelly, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (April 18, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314143141/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-18-me-christie18-story.html |date=March 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker boss gets probation">[https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2002/04/18/Biker-boss-gets-probation-in-drug-case/86971019144761/ Biker boss gets probation in drug case] [[United Press International]] (April 18, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/RNLCh#selection-507.0-520.0 |date=September 29, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bad Men">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-may-02-na-bikers2-story.html Looking for a Few Bad Men] Tina Dirmann, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 2, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220202855/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-may-02-na-bikers2-story.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Dress Code">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-04-me-hellsangels4-story.html Dress Code Is Wearing on Hells Angels Leader as Fair Turns Him Away Again] Holly J. Wolcott, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (August 4, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221173813/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-aug-04-me-hellsangels4-story.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker Leader Files Claims">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-13-me-vnangels13-story.html Biker Leader Files Claims] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (February 13, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317131416/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-feb-13-me-vnangels13-story.html |date=March 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="George Christie Sr. obituary">[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/venturacountystar/name/george-christie-obituary?id=13359586 George Christie Sr. obituary] ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (July 15, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220314144440/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/venturacountystar/name/george-christie-obituary?id=13359586 |date=March 14, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-Angels leader has to wait">[https://archive.vcstar.com/news/ex-hells-angels-leader-has-to-wait-for-charges-ep-373841583-352581341.html/ Ex-Hells Angels leader has to wait for charges] Kevin Calerici, ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (May 3, 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207210438/https://archive.vcstar.com/news/ex-hells-angels-leader-has-to-wait-for-charges-ep-373841583-352581341.html/ |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-Angels leader to serve prison term">[https://archive.vcstar.com/news/ex-hells-angels-leader-to-serve-prison-term-ep-292393126-351625661.html Ex-Hells Angels leader to serve prison term] Wendy Leung, ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (September 3, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207210710/https://archive.vcstar.com/news/ex-hells-angels-leader-to-serve-prison-term-ep-292393126-351625661.html |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Barger was a fraud]">[https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/ex-hells-angels-boss-sonny-barger-wife-beating-fraud-new-book-article-1.2796293 Former Hells Angels boss Sonny Barger was a fraud who beat his wife and 14-year-old stepdaughter, ex-gangster George Christie writes in 'Exile on Front Street' tell-all] Sherryl Connelly, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (September 17, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217003009/https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/ex-hells-angels-boss-sonny-barger-wife-beating-fraud-new-book-article-1.2796293 |date=February 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Craints jusqu’aux États-Unis">[https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2017/03/18/craints-jusquaux-etats-unis Craints jusqu’aux États-Unis] Éric Thibault, ''[[Le Journal de Montréal]]'' (March 18, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221129002106/https://www.journaldemontreal.com/2017/03/18/craints-jusquaux-etats-unis |date=November 29, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Riding into the Limelight">[https://www.vcreporter.com/art_and_culture/riding-into-the-limelight-former-hells-angel-george-christie-hits-the-stage-with-outlaw/article_a75db163-8913-5853-a776-1e82bda7074c.html Riding into the Limelight: Former Hells Angel George Christie hits the stage with Outlaw] T. Christian Gapen, ''[[Ventura County Reporter]]'' (April 4, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221221184559/https://www.vcreporter.com/art_and_culture/riding-into-the-limelight-former-hells-angel-george-christie-hits-the-stage-with-outlaw/article_a75db163-8913-5853-a776-1e82bda7074c.html |date=December 21, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Collecting memorabilia from biker gangs">[https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-05-20/motorcycle-gangs-memorabilia-collector Collecting memorabilia from biker gangs, he earned friends — and death threats] Charles Fleming, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (May 20, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220317131207/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2021-05-20/motorcycle-gangs-memorabilia-collector |date=March 17, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.vcstar.com/news/hells-angels-defendant-wins-a-new-bail-hearing-ep-371072710-352936971.html

https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/12182391/hells-angels-leader-retains-la-lawyer-in-drug-ring-case-trial

https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/12182389/hells-angels-chief-pleads-not-guilty-to-slew-los-angeles-criminal-

https://www.nbclosangeles.com/news/local/high-profile-attorney-anthony-brooklier-dies/146492/

https://www.chicagotribune.com/la-me-ln-brooklier-obit-20161115-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230712213148/https://gjengkriminalitet.blogspot.com/2016/09/these-are-untold-stories-that-never.html

<ref name="Ex-Angel gets life">[https://www.eastvalleytribune.com/local/ex-hells-angel-gets-life-in-prison-for-meth-ring/article_2f5b122e-ff41-5bad-bc9a-afe6120ce85b.html Ex-Hells Angel gets life in prison for meth ring] Mark Flatten, ''[[East Valley Tribune]]'' (February 25, 2005) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221209235141/https://www.eastvalleytribune.com/local/ex-hells-angel-gets-life-in-prison-for-meth-ring/article_2f5b122e-ff41-5bad-bc9a-afe6120ce85b.html |date=December 9, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=December 22, 2022 }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA92&lpg=PA92&dq=exile+on+front+street+satans+slaves+1978&source=bl&ots=LVQg_6pRfT&sig=ACfU3U3uGFdjEJfIQ4WMKSQcNz_VzBatyg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjBguTjldL7AhVFnVwKHe9ODa4Q6AF6BAgjEAM#v=onepage&q=exile%20on%20front%20street%20satans%20slaves%201978&f=false

{{sfn|Christie|2016|p=130}}

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA67&lpg=PA67&dq=hells+angels+laco+chapter&source=bl&ots=LVR7--nQ9Y&sig=ACfU3U0J48EQGynEGpB70Oaxj-S4ueeLQg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjt86fmivD7AhVWi_0HHRgiB6U4ChDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20laco%20chapter&f=false

Christie and Tait
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144&lpg=PA144&dq=Aristeo+Carbajal+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=LVSaY_uPhU&sig=ACfU3U1aTpx-u5qyVLT1t0y7Gq6YMJ8Zug&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjQqK3czuH-AhUK7bsIHbe3BaAQ6AF6BAgFEAM#v=onepage&q=Aristeo%20Carbajal%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33868340/la-times-1970-jul-19-off-duty-narcs/

https://marnietunay2.wordpress.com/2018/09/14/sonny-barger-george-christie-arizona-and-the-hells-angels/

https://theresaallore.com/category/assaillant-suspect/bikers/

https://toleratedindividuality.files.wordpress.com/2015/10/hells-angels-a-strange-and-terrible-saga.pdf

https://global initiative.net/analysis/angels-outlaws-and-mongols/

https://eu.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/19/charges-filed-saturdays-fight-between-hells-angels-and-mongols/5609065002/

https://www.laweekly.com/mongols-and-hells-angels-invade-hiptown/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/190400087/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/188241318/

As president of the Ventura chapter, Christie became the Hells Angels' most prominent spokesman and an influential figure in the club's national organization.<ref name="History"/> In 1984, he carried the [[Olympic torch]] at the [[1984 Summer Olympics]] held in [[Los Angeles]].<ref name="History"/>

voted in as chairman of the Hells Angels' monthly West Coast Officers Meeting (WesCOM) in 1985.{{sfn|Christie|2016|p=64}}

Christie resigned the presidency of the Ventura chapter in 2011 and left the Hells Angels. He was immediately excommunicated form the club.<ref name="History"/>

==== Murder-for-hire trial ====

==== Club spokesman and negotiator ====

https://web.archive.org/web/20230401072541/https://www.georgechristie.com/blog/news-out-of-denmark

https://politiken.dk/kultur/art9216344/%C2%BBFolk-har-fors%C3%B8gt-at-sl%C3%A5-mig-ihjel-i-%C3%A5revis%C2%AB

Stairway Harry 1992
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=23lWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT132&lpg=PT132&dq=mike+ison+mexican+mafia&source=bl&ots=zstUEyDOgo&sig=ACfU3U1LgMG3KaWEWE3sHHDNKRlpLG_jxg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiaqc2CjsSAAxVgh_0HHf8oAyQQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=mike%20ison%20mexican%20mafia&f=false

==== Feud with Sonny Barger ====
https://web.archive.org/web/20150924041554/http://www.tvruckus.com/2015/09/23/outlaw-chronicles-recap-george-christie-exits-hells-angels-with-no-haunting-regrets-no-apologies/

=== Life after the Hells Angels ===
After serving eighteen months in prison, Christie was released from custody on August 6, 2014.<ref name="History"/><ref>[https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ Find an inmate] [[Federal Bureau of Prisons]]</ref>

Christie became a consultant on organized crime for [[CNN]].<ref name="History"/>

[[one-man show]], ''Outlaw''. Maggie Yates of the ''Santa Barbara Independent'' described Christie as "an eloquent and intense storyteller" and his show as "a rebel's story of dancing with the rough crowd".<ref name="George Christie’s ‘Outlaw’"/>

<ref name="Christie among last witnesses">[https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2018/05/24/george-christie-among-last-witnesses-trial-over-1980-deaths/643322002/ Former Hells Angels leader George Christie among last witnesses in trial over 1980 deaths] Megan Diskin, ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (May 24, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207204303/https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/conejo-valley/2018/05/24/george-christie-among-last-witnesses-trial-over-1980-deaths/643322002/ |date=December 7, 2022 }}</ref>



https://web.archive.org/web/20221207203336/https://www.screendaily.com/ballpark-takes-on-controversial-hells-angels-documentary/5064261.article

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207203432/https://archive.vcstar.com/entertainment/new-film-documents-ventura-bombing-case-tied-to-ex-hells-angels-leader-ep-292324547-351604941.html/

<ref name="History Channel series">[https://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/ojai/new-history-channel-series-highlights-tales-from-ex-hells-angels-leader-george-christie-ep-123076819-351115601.html New History Channel series highlights tales from ex-Hells Angels leader George Christie] Wendy Leing, ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (August 14, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221207210911/https://archive.vcstar.com/news/local/ojai/new-history-channel-series-highlights-tales-from-ex-hells-angels-leader-george-christie-ep-123076819-351115601.html |date=June 17, 2021 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207211142/https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/2018/04/09/ex-hells-angels-leader-takes-his-life-story-ventura-stage/484061002/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207211242/https://www.vcstar.com/picture-gallery/news/local/communities/ventura/2018/04/09/see-george-christie-in-rehearsal-for-his-one-man-show-at-the-rubicon/33651497/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207204818/https://www.foxnews.com/us/former-hells-angels-leader-slams-new-york-beating-after-motorcycle-chase

https://web.archive.org/web/20221207204117/https://www.vcstar.com/story/news/local/communities/ventura/2016/09/25/ex-hells-angels-leader-george-christie-writes-book/89983268/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221214022953/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/outbad-chronicles-fantasy_b_8297728

https://web.archive.org/web/20221214023125/https://www.huffpost.com/entry/exile-on-front-street-my_b_9935796

https://www.prdistribution.com/news/marked-the-unforgiven-a-new-television-show-adapted-from-the-novel-by-former-hells-angels-ventura-president-george-christie-to-start-filming-in-almeria-spain/4998425

https://www.prdistribution.com/news/george-christie-former-hells-angels-president-of-ventura-california-filming-in-marked-the-unforgiven-in-europe/8015245

https://www.theolivepress.es/spain-news/2020/06/15/casting-call-male-and-female-actors-wanted-for-hollywood-hells-angels-tv-series-on-spains-costa-del-sol-and-in-almeria/

https://euroweeklynews.com/2020/05/22/former-us-hells-angels-chapter-leader-back-in-action-filming-on-spains-costa-almeria/

https://www.broadwayworld.com/bwwtv/article/Former-Hells-Angel-George-Christie-Joins-Upcoming-Series-The-MobKing-20181011

https://www.prdistribution.com/news/writer-rebel-and-raconteur-george-christie-is-the-modern-day-american-hemingway-living-in-spain-and-filming-marked-the-unforgiven/5455147

=== Personal life ===
The marriage ended in divorce, and Cheryl died on January 29, 2006.<ref name="Christie's ex-wife released"/><ref name="Cheryl Lynn Christie obituary"/> Christie's son, George III, died of complications from [[diabetes]] at the age of 39, on August 5, 2015.<ref name="George Christie III obituary">[https://www.weremember.com/george-christie/6y8y/memories George Christie III obituary] WeRemember.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230323210901/https://www.weremember.com/george-christie/6y8y/memories |date=March 23, 2023 }}</ref> He subsequently married Nikki Nicoletto-Christie.<ref name="History Channel series"/>

=== Bibliography ===
* {{cite book |last1=Christie |first1=George |title=Exile on Front Street: My Life as a Hells Angel |date=2016 |publisher=Thomas Dunne Books |location=New York City |isbn=9780283072666}}

=== External links ===
* {{Official website|http://www.georgechristie.com/}}

=== References ===
{{Reflist}}

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:1947 births]]
[[:Category:Living people]]
[[:Category:American gangsters of Greek descent]]
[[:Category:American crime bosses]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]
[[:Category:American karateka]]
[[:Category:American wushu practitioners]]
[[:Category:American male criminals]]
[[:Category:20th-century American criminals]]
[[:Category:21st-century American criminals]]
[[:Category:American prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States]]
[[:Category:People from Ventura, California]]

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-mar-08-me-34932-story.html

==Sandy Alexander==
{{short description|American outlaw biker}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Sandy Alexander
| image              = 
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Sandy Fraser Alexander
| birth_date         = {{birth date|1942|08|08|mf=y}}
| birth_place        = Cuba
| death_date         = {{death date and age|2007|08|17|1942|08|08|mf=y}}
| death_place        = [[New York City]], New York, U.S.
| death_cause        = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| occupation         = {{hlist|[[Outlaw biker]]|[[professional boxer]]|[[stuntman]]}}
| years_active       = 
| known_for          = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| conviction_status  = 
| spouse             = 
| children           = 
| relatives          = 
| allegiance         = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]]
| conviction         = Drug trafficking (1985)
| conviction_penalty = 16 years' imprisonment (1986)
| imprisoned         = 
}}
'''Sandy Fraser Alexander''' (August 8, 1942 – August 17, 2007) was an American [[outlaw biker]] who served as the president of the [[New York City]] chapter of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]] (HAMC) between 1969 and 1984. He was also a [[professional boxer]] and film [[stuntman]]. In 1986, Alexander was sentenced to sixteen years in federal prison after being convicted of drug trafficking as a result of the [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI)'s Operation Roughrider.

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/927706161/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/468947542/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/472196460/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/706905270/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-news-sandy-alexander-hirschman/27432134/

=== Early life ===
Born into a wealthy family in Cuba, Alexander and his family moved to the United States when he was seven years old and settled in [[Southern California]].<ref name="Leur base principale">[http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-14.html Leur base principale : l'Amérique du Nord] xavier-raufer.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220517120540/http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-14.html |date=17 May 2022 }}</ref><ref name="The beginnings">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-statesman-the-beginnings-an/151054394/ The beginnings] Mike Gallagher, ''[[The Herald Statesman]]'' (August 23, 1987)</ref> He enlisted in the [[United States Marine Corps|U.S. Marine Corps]] at the age of eighteen, serving for five years in a reconnaissance unit.<ref name="Leur base principale"/>

=== Hells Angels ===
Following his military service, Alexander moved to to [[New York City]] in 1967,<ref name="Alexander obituary">[http://www.tributes.com/obituary/show/Sandy-Alexander-81374045 Sandy Alexander obituary] tributes.com (August 17 2007)</ref><ref name="Hells Angels ex-clubhouse">[https://www.amny.com/news/hells-angels-ex-clubhouse-now-a-hot-property/ Hells Angels ex-clubhouse now a hot property] Mary Reinholz, ''[[AM New York Metro]]'' (March 26, 2019)</ref> where he joined the Aliens, a motorcycle gang with chapters in [[Manhattan]], [[Brooklyn]], [[Queens]], [[the Bronx]] and New Jersey, which carried out "[[gofer]] jobs" for the [[American Mafia|Mafia]], including extortion, strong-arm robberies, and debt collection.<ref name="The beginnings"/> Alexander was known for his propensity for violence and became president of the Aliens.{{sfn|Langton|2010|p=44}} Disillusioned with being subservient to the Mafia, he and fifteen others who "detested being patsies for the Italians" formed the elite [[Nomad (motorcycle club membership)|Nomads chapter]] of the Aliens in late 1967, which was based at a clubhouse at 77 East [[3rd Street (Manhattan)|3rd Street]] in the [[East Village, Manhattan|East Village]] neighbourhood of the [[Lower East Side]] of Manhattan.<ref name="The beginnings"/>

In early 1968, Alexander struck a deal with [[Hells Angels]] leaders which allowed the Aliens Nomads to become prospective Hells Angels members.<ref name="The beginnings"/> During the summer of 1969, while Alexander was in California meeting with Hells Angels president [[Sonny Barger]], Alexander's wife was allegedly raped by another Aliens member, Peter "Greased Lightning" Rogers.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=aliens+motorcycle+club+new+york&source=bl&ots=LVNaW6uI9T&sig=ACfU3U3px3Z4cb5xf2DYvFZ3G__Gvd3Rww&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi8m8eh9K7zAhVLhlwKHcAWBZg4ChDoAXoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=aliens%20motorcycle%20club%20new%20york&f=false ''Exile on Front Street: My Life as a Hells Angel''] George Christie (2016)</ref> Rogers subsequently fled to [[Chicago]] and joined the [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]].<ref name="Roberts">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT12&lpg=PT12&dq=George+Hartman,+Edwin+Riley+Albert+Simmons&source=bl&ots=l62SuNTZmc&sig=ACfU3U11Er-Xi3U8f3AKY8N9mQtsp34Flg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX06qLzKnyAhVPTsAKHQfTDJAQ6AF6BAgTEAM#v=onepage&q=George%20Hartman%2C%20Edwin%20Riley%20Albert%20Simmons&f=false ''Biker Gangs''] Walter Roberts (2012)</ref> With the authorization of the Hells Angels' leadership in [[Oakland, California]], the Aliens Nomads "patched over" to join the Angels on December 5, 1969, forming the club's New York City chapter.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=vG4bfGwXZNIC&pg=PT42&lpg=PT42&dq=Donald+Picard+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=9H8Pv4uHDQ&sig=ACfU3U1_xtIWxM1TVYWyU4uFzg0QpEbF1A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjhwa6andDrAhVIi1wKHcriDE84ChDoATAMegQIAxAB#v=onepage&q=Donald%20Picard%20hells%20angels&f=false ''Fallen Angel: The Unlikely Rise of Walter Stadnick and the Canadian Hells Angels''] Jerry Langton (2006)</ref>

Alexander worked as a trapeze artist at the [[Electric Circus (nightclub)|Electric Circus]] nightclub during he late 1960s and early 1970s, and studied acting with [[Lee Strasberg]] at the [[Actors Studio]] before gaining employment as an actor and stuntman in film, television, commercials, [[off-Broadway]] and [[stock theatre]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27431622/sandy-alexander-ha/ Hell's Angels Say They Represent What America's About] Ernest Leogrande, ''[[The Ithaca Journal]]'' (May 23, 1970)</ref> He had minor acting roles in ''[[The People Next Door (1970 film)|The People Next Door]]'' (1970), ''[[Vigilante (film)|Vigilante]]'' (1982) and other films.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27431831/sandy-alexander-ha/ The Angels' Advocate] Ernest Leogrande, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (May 30, 1970)</ref><ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=D9k1DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA139&lpg=PA139&dq=sandy+alexander+stuntman&source=bl&ots=Pf_oCX-U7B&sig=ACfU3U1PDVLAPxUiffpSdPyH-XWdv0j-2A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiIn8Xj_67zAhXYEcAKHbtxCUsQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=sandy%20alexander%20stuntman&f=false ''Classic Movie Fight Scenes: 75 Years of Bare Knuckle Brawls, 1914-1989''] Gene Freese (2017)</ref> He was also a professional boxer, training at the Gramercy Gym on East [[14th Street (Manhattan)|14th Street]] in Manhattan.<ref name="Stuntman Is Ready">[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/23/nyregion/a-stuntman-is-ready-for-a-leap-to-stardom.html A Stuntman Is Ready For a Leap to Stardom] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (August 23, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227172641/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/23/nyregion/a-stuntman-is-ready-for-a-leap-to-stardom.html |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

As the founding president of the New York chapter, Alexander rose through the Hells Angels' hierarchy to a position of influence, second only to Barger,<ref name="Roberts"/> leading the club's chapters in the [[Eastern United States]] and Europe.<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''">[https://scholar.google.co.uk/scholar_case?case=15437841422346491263&hl=en&as_sdt=6&as_vis=1&oi=scholarr ''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''] [[Google Scholar]] (September 14, 1994)</ref> Peter Rogers, meanwhile, also became a senior member of the Outlaws in Chicago. On December 31, 1973, Rogers was recognised by members of the Satan's Soldiers, a Bronx-based biker gang associated with the Hells Angels, as he rode his motorcycle into New York City wearing his Outlaws "[[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]]". After being alerted to Rogers' whereabouts, the Hells Angels dispatched the club's sergeant-at-arms, Vincent "Big Vinnie" Gerolamo, to find Alexander's rival. Gerolamo located Rogers at a New Year's Eve party, seized him and forcibly took him to the Hells Angels' clubhouse where he was held until Alexander arrived.{{sfn|Langton|2010|p=45}} Rogers was subsequently beaten and almost killed by Alexander in a one-on-one fistfight.<ref name="Victim of a global biker feud">[http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/7619574.stm Victim of a global biker feud] Chris Summers, [[BBC]] (28 November 2008)</ref>

In retaliation for the New Year's Eve incident, [[South Florida]] Outlaws leader [[Jim Nolan (biker)|James "Big Jim" Nolan]] ordered the killings of two members and a former member of the [[Lowell, Massachusetts]] Hells Angels chapter.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33744538/fort-lauderdale-news/ 'Gatemouth' Edson To Take Stand In Biker Trial] George McEvoy, ''[[Fort Lauderdale News]]'' (December 19, 1978)</ref> While visiting Florida to supervise the covering up of Hells Angels tattoos belonging to former member Albert E. "Oskie" Simmons, "Whiskey" George E. Hartman, Jr. and Edwin Thomas "Riverboat" Riley were identified by vengeful Outlaws bikers. Hartman, Riley and Simmons were each executed with a 12-gauge shotgun and disposed of in a quarry near [[Andytown, Florida|Andytown]] on April 27, 1974.<ref name="Legendary Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War">[https://gangsterreport.com/hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-can-be-traced-back-to-1974-triple-murder-in-south-florida/ Legendary Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Can Be Traced Back To 1974 Triple Murder In South Florida] Scott Burnstein, ''The Gangster Report'' (April 23, 2017)</ref> The Hells Angels determined that the Outlaws were responsible for the massacre after an internal investigation, and subsequently declared war on their rivals at a national meeting in [[Cleveland]], which was attended by representatives of every club chapter.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT79&lpg=PT79&dq=George+Hartman,+Edwin+Riley+Albert+Simmons&source=bl&ots=YXxmDuMdig&sig=ACfU3U2ST8yOzPKQMArT77cNqd6bS1K6LQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiX06qLzKnyAhVPTsAKHQfTDJAQ6AF6BAgNEAM#v=onepage&q=George%20Hartman%2C%20Edwin%20Riley%20Albert%20Simmons&f=false ''Outlaws: Inside the Hell's Angel Biker Wars: Inside the Violent World of Biker Gangs''] Tony Thompson (2012)</ref> The conflict between the Hells Angels and the Outlaws continued in the following decades.<ref name="The violent rivalry">[https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/the-violent-rivalry-of-the-hells-angels-and-outlaws-73687 The violent rivalry of the Hell's Angels and Outlaws] ''[[Birmingham Mail]]'' (28 November 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.today/20230822001427/https://www.birminghammail.co.uk/news/local-news/the-violent-rivalry-of-the-hells-angels-and-outlaws-73687 |date=22 August 2023 }}</ref><ref name="Bloody and long lasting">[https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/bloody-and-long-lasting-the-feud-between-hells-angels-and-outlaws-75nm26gdzgq Bloody and long lasting: the feud between Hells Angels and Outlaws] Sean O'Neill, ''[[The Times]]'' (20 July 2009)</ref>



The New York City chapter began manufacturing and distributing [[methamphetamine]] in mid-1978, with Alexander providing the drug formula, vice-president Howard "Howie" Weisbrod supplying the [[phenylacetone]] used in the manufacturing process, and Paul Francis "K.C." Casey acting as the primary manufacturer. The methamphetamine was produced by Casey in clandestine laboratories on [[Staten Island]] and in Connecticut, and the drug enterprise subsidized the income of the chapter. After some members became frustrated with restrictions on methamphetamine distribution imposed by Alexander and other senior members of the New York City faction, a New York [[Nomad (motorcycle club membership)|nomads]] chapter was formed on November 11, 1984 in order to distribute greater quantities of the drug than was permitted in the Manhattan chapter. The Hells Angels' Mid-State chapter, based in [[Binghampton, New York|Binghampton]] and [[Troy, New York|Troy]], obtained narcotics from members of the New York City branch.<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''"/> According to federal documents, the club utilized an extensive counter-surveillance system to prevent law enforcement infiltration that may have included a contact in the [[New York City Police Department]] (NYPD) and a federal prosecutor in [[Albany, New York|Albany]].<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/08/The-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang-had-an-extensive-counter-surveillance/2172484372800/ The Hells Angels motorcycle gang had an extensive counter-surveillance system that may have included a contact in the New York City Police Department and a federal prosecutor who used cocaine, a published report said today] [[United Press International]] (May 8, 1985)</ref> The Hells Angels also forged a loose alliance with the [[Genovese crime family]], providing security and contract killings for the [[American Mafia|Mafia]].<ref name="Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/79571054/ny-daily-news-5-may-1985-page-4/ Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'] Joseph Volz, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (May 5, 1985)</ref>

Alexander created the concept for and co-produced the 1983 documentary film ''Hells Angels Forever''.<ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20211009182434/https://www.nytimes.com/1983/10/09/movies/hells-angels-a-documentary-version.html 'Hells Angels,' a documentary version] Lawrence Van Gelder, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 9, 1983)</ref> One of the film's five credited directors, [[Leon Gast]], departed the project after being slapped by Alexander.<ref>[https://electricliterature.com/my-father-the-lawyer-for-the-hells-angels/ My Father, the Lawyer for the Hells Angels] Robert Anthony Siegel, ''[[Electric Literature]]'' (July 19, 2018)</ref>

Alexander served as the New York City chapter president from its inception on December 5, 1969 until March 25, 1984, when he was succeeded by William "Wild Bill" Medeiros, another founding member of the chapter.<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''"/>

<ref name="Jack Bravman">[https://www.therialtoreport.com/2018/03/25/jack-bravman/ Jack Bravman: ‘Snuff’, ‘The Slaughter’, and who was J. Angel Martine?] [[The Rialto Report]] (March 25, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221020062129/https://www.therialtoreport.com/2018/03/25/jack-bravman/ |date=October 20, 2022 }}</ref>


====Operation Roughrider====
The [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) began an investigation of the Hells Angels, codenamed Operation Roughrider, after Vernon Hartung, an inmate at [[Federal Correctional Institution, Petersburg|FCI Petersburg]] in Virginia, contacted the bureau and became a confidential informant. Following his release from prison on April 2, 1982, Hartung was introduced to [[San Francisco]] Hells Angels chapter president Gary Kautzman by Robert "Hoss" Hall, president of the [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], Virginia-based Confederate Angels Motorcycle Club. Along with undercover FBI agent Kevin P. Bonner, the informant met with Kautzman on the pretext of seeking authorization to establish a HAMC chapter in [[Baltimore]], a ruse which allowed Bonner to infiltrate the club over a twenty-six month period. Beginning in March 1983, Bonner posed as a Baltimore drug dealer interested in purchasing methamphetamine and [[cocaine]] from the Hells Angels, and he made narcotics transactions with members of nine chapters across the country, including Alexander, Weisbrod and Mid-State chapter vice-president James "Gorilla" Harwood.<ref name="Hells Angels arrested in drug raids">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/05/03/Hells-Angels-arrested-in-drug-raids/8402483940800/ Hells Angels arrested in drug raids] [[United Press International]] (May 3, 1985)</ref><ref name="Roughriders carried big stick: FBI spent 3 yrs. on road to 'Hell'"/>

Operation Roughrider culminated with the arrests of 133 Hells Angels members and associates on [[racketeering]] and drug trafficking charges after over a thousand law enforcement personnel carried out approximately fifty coordinated raids in fourteen cities across the United States on May 2, 1985.<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1985-05-03-8501270253-story.html 133 Hells Angels seized in 14 cities] ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (May 3, 1985)</ref> Alexander was among fifteen people taken into custody in the [[New York metropolitan area]], where the New York City chapter clubhhouse in Manhattan was raided, and at least one [[Uzi]] submachine gun and an undetermined quantity of methamphetamine and cocaine were seized.<ref name="100 Hells Angel members are arrested in drug sweep">[https://www.nytimes.com/1985/05/03/us/100-hells-angel-members-are-arrested-in-drug-sweep.html 100 Hells Angel members are arrested in drug sweep] Leslie Maitland Werner, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (May 3, 1985)</ref> Alexander's wife, Colette, was also arrested with five other club members in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]].<ref>[https://apnews.com/article/8cf7cf3647337aea7c63160d8cc2855e FBI “Full Steam” On Hells Angels Crackdown] Scott Williams, [[Associated Press]] (May 3, 1985)</ref><ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29775937/arrested/ FBI sweep nationwide nets area Angels] Tom Hall, ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' (May 2, 1985)</ref> Medeiros, Harwood and another Hells Angel, John Joseph "Pirate" Miller, agreed to cooperate with the government and testified against their former clubmates before entering the [[United States Federal Witness Protection Program|Federal Witness Protection Program]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491623615/ An insider's view of the Hell's Angels] Alex Micheuni, ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (October 19, 1987)</ref>

On December 12, 1985, Alexander and Weisbrod both pleaded guilty to federal narcotics distribution charges, while chapter secretary Charles Neuman pleaded guilty to [[Conspiracy (criminal)|conspiracy]].<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27432171/sandy-alexander/ Angels admit guilt] ''[[New York Daily News]]'' (December 13, 1985)</ref> Alexander was sentenced to sixteen years' imprisonment on February 13, 1986.

[[Federal Correctional Institution, Bastrop]]<ref name="The beginnings"/>


====Later life and death====
Alexander was paroled from prison in August 1993 and became estranged from the Hells Angels by 1994 as a result of a dispute over the ownership of the club's East Village headquarters.<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse">[https://web.archive.org/web/20211002194955/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/01/03/nyregion/trouble-with-angels-motorcycle-gang-is-in-a-us-court-fight-over-its-clubhouse.html Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse] Richard Perez-Pena, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 3, 1994)</ref> Incorporated as the Church of Angels, the New York City Hells Angels chapter was registered as a nonprofit religious organization in the state of New York and purchased the building from Birdie Ruderman for a reported $1,900 in 1969. Alexander gained control of the property in 1983 and changed the deed to allow his family to live there rent free, specifying that proceeds from its sale should be divided among his heirs.<ref name="Hells Angels ex-clubhouse now a hot property"/> In an effort to seize the clubhouse as part of Operation Roughrider, the [[Federal government of the United States|federal government]] filed a complaint against the building on May 1, 1985, alleging that it was subject to forfeiture under federal drug forfeiture laws, which had been amended by [[United States Congress|Congress]] on October 12, 1984, to permit forfeiture of real property used for narcotics-related activities.<ref name="Trouble With Angels; Motorcycle Gang Is in a U.S. Court Fight Over Its Clubhouse"/> Sandy Alexander, his wife Colette and the Church of Angels subsequently intervened as claimants in the action. The case was delayed in reaching trial partly because of Alexander's imprisonment. On February 4, 1994, after an approximately five-week trial, a jury returned a verdict in favor of the claimants, who they determined had proven that the premises was not used, or intended to be used, to commit, or to facilitate the commission of, a felony drug violation between October 12, 1984 and May 2, 1985.<ref name="''United States of America v. 77 East 3rd Street, New York, New York''"/><ref name="Jury Rules Against Forfeiture Of Hell's Angels' 3d St. Home">[https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/05/nyregion/jury-rules-against-forfeiture-of-hell-s-angels-3d-st-home.html Jury Rules Against Forfeiture Of Hell's Angels' 3d St. Home] Mary B. W. Tabor, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (February 5, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190909001336/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/05/nyregion/jury-rules-against-forfeiture-of-hell-s-angels-3d-st-home.html |date=September 9, 2019 }}</ref>

Alexander divorced Colette, who later relocated to Florida, and remarried Alison Glass Alexander. He had at least one daughter, Kimberly, from a previous marriage, and a son, Erik, who died aged twenty-one after being struck by a vehicle while riding his bicycle on a causeway in Florida.<ref name="Hells Angels ex-clubhouse now a hot property"/> A resident of [[Jamaica, Queens|Jamaica]], [[Queens]], Alexander died at the age of sixty-five on August 17, 2007.<ref name="Sandy Alexander obituary"/> 

=== External links ===
* {{Boxrec|id=95217}}
* {{IMDb name|0018726}}

===Bibliography===
*{{cite book |last=Langton |first=Jerry |title=Showdown: How the Outlaws, Hells Angels and Cops Fought for Control of the Streets |location= Toronto |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |year=2010 |isbn=978-0470678787}}

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:1942 births]]
[[:Category:2007 deaths]]
[[:Category:American drug traffickers]]
[[:Category:American male boxers]]
[[:Category:American people convicted of drug offenses]]
[[:Category:American prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Criminals from Queens, New York]]
[[:Category:Gangsters from New York City]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]
[[:Category:People from Jamaica, Queens]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States]]
[[:Category:United States Marines]]

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27432134/sandy-alexander-hirschman/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27431622/sandy-alexander-ha/

==Bandidos MC==
https://apnews.com/article/denmark-bandidos-motorcycle-club-a4da80d483b62751437b129c3b3a2f2c

https://www.dw.com/en/austria-seizes-vast-weapons-cache-in-far-right-biker-raid/a-66073254

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-66059738

https://www.expressnews.com/news/local/article/Bandidos-leader-challenges-notion-of-outlaw-biker-7216292.php

https://archive.vn/FPD0k

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/truecrimeaustralia/crimeinfocus/how-the-bandidos-have-carved-a-brutal-and-bloody-history-in-australia/news-story/325d2117bfc0bd732cb3497a5e79f230?amp&nk=9766facf34964fe1d486525e7b8a10c1-1667955789 / https://archive.ph/Hd1eb

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b7ea2794cde7a79e7c00582/t/6373b10453ffce4ddfd18bac/1668526341186/%236+omc+and+org+crime.pdf

https://www.news.com.au/national/crime/life-in-supermax-and-the-hellfire-massacre-kon-georgiou-tells-all/news-story/5e1f373d77271d8ea824d603dadcc3a1

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-police-seize-weapons-raids-bandidos-biker-gang-2021-07-01/

https://gangsterreport.com/lonestar-shooting-gallery-it-didnt-take-long-for-trouble-to-start-in-texas-with-planting-of-pagans-mc-flag/

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/eAP_qp-NHzU

https://www.kcbd.com/2021/11/04/lubbock-motorcycle-club-president-sentenced-after-shootout-50th-street-caboose/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=cui-u64RPYYC&pg=PA154&lpg=PA154&dq=bandidos+rebels&source=bl&ots=5jWlK8Q2gA&sig=ACfU3U2Cx46bROAZZwsGR_de2jJU9UC3Aw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjW-O_R4J30AhVjnVwKHSGsCo4Q6AF6BAgrEAM#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20rebels&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=5278696&sort=paper-date-desc

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29317712/the-times/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29317247/the-times/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=993775

https://www.news.com.au/national/victoria/crime/bandidos-bikie-gang-linked-to-2012-executionstyle-murder-of-john-lazzaro/news-story/1765e3028e27630e6c3c6c3b64c15559

https://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/occitanie/herault/montpellier/montpellier-quatre-personnes-arretees-dans-le-milieu-des-bikers-des-bandidos-2580608.html

https://rapidcityjournal.com/users/signup/?referer_url=https%3A%2F%2Frapidcityjournal.com%2Fnews%2Fofficials-say-bandidos-membership-at-about-a-dozen-in-rapid-city%2Farticle_830d5a3b-bb37-54c3-8339-d83bdf8eb59d.html#tracking-source=registration_wall

https://www.kbtx.com/2022/04/04/motorcycle-gang-members-arrested-after-shooting-across-interstate-45-rival-gang/

https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/german-police-seize-weapons-raids-bandidos-biker-gang-2021-07-01/

https://www.americanpress.com/2022/04/22/breaking-motorcycle-gang-member-arrested-in-sulphur-after-shots-fired/

https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/plymouth-grandad-murdered-a38-wearing-7802659

https://www.plymouthherald.co.uk/news/plymouth-news/a38-murder-biker-dragged-nearly-7820970

===Oklahoma===
https://www.foxnews.com/us/oklahoma-city-shootout-biker-gang-surrounded-bar-gunned-down-rivals-attack-from-behind-court-docs

https://nypost.com/2023/04/05/oklahoma-city-outlaw-biker-boss-jumped-killed-nearly-year-to-day-after-texas-gunfight/

https://apnews.com/article/oklahoma-city-biker-gang-shooting-fef99540d9cfcbf9a1d55eaec1b7c867

===Texas===
https://www.chron.com/news/houston-texas/article/houston-huntsville-biker-gang-texas-17903831.php

https://web.archive.org/web/20230525062631/https://www.everythinglubbock.com/news/shooting-crash-in-lubbock-possibly-related-to-biker-gang-rivalry-court-records-said/

===Aus===
https://www.miragenews.com/bandidos-omcg-member-charged-for-hotel-fight-995550/

==Black Pistons MC==
https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/atlanta/press-releases/2012/twenty-three-defendants-charged-with-drug-and-gun-offenses-in-federal-investigation-of-north-georgia-motorcycle-clubs
https://eu.onlineathens.com/story/news/state/2013/01/13/documents-show-area-bikers-got-caught-fbi-sting/15458986007/
https://abc3340.com/archive/fbi-looking-into-biker-gang-with-ties-to-alabama
https://www.latimes.com/nation/la-xpm-2012-aug-17-la-na-nn-23-bikers-charged-weapons-20120816-story.html
https://accesswdun.com/article/2012/10/253996

https://news.wjct.org/law-order/2014-11-07/state-attorney-will-not-seek-charges-in-nippers-killing

==Brother Speed MC==
https://www.complex.com/sports/10-most-dangerous-motorcycle-gangs-in-america/brother-speed

https://www.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2008/10/police_hear_rumble_as_bikers_r.html

https://www.idahostatejournal.com/members/brother-speed-members-challenge-need-for-show-of-force/article_c1606a76-35b8-11e5-a967-e7caa296448a.html

https://www.oregonlive.com/clackamascounty/2009/09/crash_possibly_involving_multi.html

https://www.oregonlive.com/clackamascounty/2009/10/brother_speed_members_dies_fro.html

https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2015/nov/12/brother-speed-motorcycle-club-settles-lawsuit-with/

https://www.spokesman.com/blogs/boise/2015/nov/12/brother-speed-settles-suit-against-us-government-over-nampa-raid-gets-payment/

==Comanchero MC==
https://euroweeklynews.com/2023/03/04/criminal-organisation-that-formed-part-spanish-biker-gang-comanchero-mc-dismantled/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT132&lpg=PT132&dq=Any+member+found+guilty+of+wearing+his+Colours+on+or+around+anything+other+than+a+British+or+American+motorcycle+of+500cc+or+more+will+be+severely+dealt+with.&source=bl&ots=YXEiECPdae&sig=ACfU3U1C3W8ME14I6MwyYLowHUmX3rAnIw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjehoLW4q-BAxXDTkEAHcE9Byc4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=Any%20member%20found%20guilty%20of%20wearing%20his%20Colours%20on%20or%20around%20anything%20other%20than%20a%20British%20or%20American%20motorcycle%20of%20500cc%20or%20more%20will%20be%20severely%20dealt%20with.&f=false

==Devils Diciples MC==
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT146&lpg=PT146&dq=raymond+bear+chaffin&source=bl&ots=IUrxLnUKq0&sig=ACfU3U0-NAU1E3iUCyRk8_I0lrUiJCXZMw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJzdq559WAAxU4UEEAHfA2BuA4ChDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=raymond%20bear%20chaffin&f=false

==Diablos MC==
<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Meriden man">[https://www.courant.com/1994/07/29/meriden-man-found-guilty-of-kidnapping/ Meriden man found guilty of kidnapping] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (July 29, 1994) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/qXiW5 |date=March 18, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Five Diablos face gun charges">[https://www.courant.com/1996/02/23/five-diablos-face-gun-charges-in-meriden/ Five Diablos face gun charges in Meriden] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (February 23, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Zrn5H |date=March 18, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Meriden-based bikers">[https://www.courant.com/1996/04/13/meriden-based-bikers-charged-after-fbi-sting/ Meriden-based bikers charged after FBI sting] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 13, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/7ts93 |date=March 13, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Diablos leader denies">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/177065504/ Diablos leader denies he wanted officer killed] Mark Pazniokas, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 24, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314000350/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/177065504/ |date=March 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker Gets 20 Years For Killing a Rival">[https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/26/nyregion/metro-news-briefs-connecticut-biker-gets-20-years-for-killing-a-rival.html Biker Gets 20 Years For Killing a Rival] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (September 26, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227220828/https://www.nytimes.com/1998/09/26/nyregion/metro-news-briefs-connecticut-biker-gets-20-years-for-killing-a-rival.html |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Diablos leader convicted">[https://www.courant.com/1998/11/06/diablos-motorcycle-gang-leader-convicted/ Diablos motorcycle gang leader convicted] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (November 6, 1998) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/1EHXS |date=March 13, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Notorious motorcycle gang">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3_ADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=diablos+motorcycle+club+massachusetts&source=bl&ots=4mYquf2Be_&sig=ACfU3U0s4rOmaoa649D1_4Ncx8yVNH4Bog&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipzYGaoeb9AhXHSsAKHV7rBlUQ6AF6BAhQEAM#v=onepage&q=diablos%20motorcycle%20club%20massachusetts&f=false Feds nail notorious motorcycle gang] George Sanford, ''[[Weekly World News]]'' (February 16, 1999) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318200120/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3_ADAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA3&lpg=PA3&dq=diablos+motorcycle+club+massachusetts&source=bl&ots=4mYquf2Be_&sig=ACfU3U0s4rOmaoa649D1_4Ncx8yVNH4Bog&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwipzYGaoeb9AhXHSsAKHV7rBlUQ6AF6BAhQEAM |date=March 18, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Baltas">[https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-1st-circuit/1120668.html United States of America v. John Baltas] [[FindLaw]] (January 2, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318201528/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-1st-circuit/1120668.html |date=March 18, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Bertoldo v. U.S.">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/145/111/2421393/ Stefano Bertoldo v. United States of America] [[Justia]] (April 25, 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227222201/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/145/111/2421393/ |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Several Members Arrested">[https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/pubs/states/newsrel/boston120805.html Several Members of Diablos Motorcycle Gang Arrested] [[dea.gov]] (December 8, 2005) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210714134445/https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/pubs/states/newsrel/boston120805.html |date=July 14, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Beyond The Blue Lights">[http://wesleyanargus.com/2006/02/21/beyond-the-blue-lights-the-biker-gang-next-door/ Beyond The Blue Lights: The biker gang next door] Josh Nathan-Kazis, ''[[The Wesleyan Argus]]'' (February 21, 2006) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227220318/http://wesleyanargus.com/2006/02/21/beyond-the-blue-lights-the-biker-gang-next-door/ |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Member of Diablos gang sentenced">[https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Member-of-Diablos-gang-sentenced-to-jail-in-78454.php Member of Diablos gang sentenced to jail in Hartford] ''[[The News-Times]]'' (August 27, 2007) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230316214232/https://www.newstimes.com/news/article/Member-of-Diablos-gang-sentenced-to-jail-in-78454.php |date=March 16, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Outlaws indicted">[https://www.laconiadailysun.com/news/local/outlaws-indicted-on-12-counts-in-nh/article_dc804717-c392-51fa-a2ae-94e3375273a3.html Outlaws indicted on 12 counts in NH] ''[[The Laconia Daily Sun]]'' (June 17, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227222201/https://www.laconiadailysun.com/news/local/outlaws-indicted-on-12-counts-in-nh/article_dc804717-c392-51fa-a2ae-94e3375273a3.html |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Mentone pot collective">[https://www.whittierdailynews.com/2010/12/17/mentone-pot-collective-owners-arrested/ Mentone pot collective owners arrested] ''[[Whittier Daily News]]'' (December 17, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/oHLoN#selection-1183.4-1210.0 |date=March 18, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hogsett Announces Sentencings">[https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/indianapolis/press-releases/2012/hogsett-announces-sentencings-of-diablos-ember-federal-prisoner Hogsett Announces Sentencings of Diablos Ember, Federal Prisoner] [[fbi.gov]] (July 27, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227221135/https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/indianapolis/press-releases/2012/hogsett-announces-sentencings-of-diablos-ember-federal-prisoner |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Diablos motorcycle club denies connection">[https://www.masslive.com/news/2015/07/diablos_motorcycle_club_denies.html Diablos motorcycle club denies connection to alleged threats against Southwick bartender] Dan Glaun, ''[[The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts)|The Republican]]'' (July 20, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230318190757/https://www.masslive.com/news/2015/07/diablos_motorcycle_club_denies.html |date=March 18, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Detectives describe shooting">[https://www.tribstar.com/news/local_news/detectives-describe-shooting-at-diablos-clubhouse/article_180d1563-6c6e-5d21-9f1e-c260c62e7be0.html Detectives describe shooting at Diablos clubhouse] Lisa Trigg, ''[[Tribune-Star]]'' (March 31, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221227221133/https://www.tribstar.com/news/local_news/detectives-describe-shooting-at-diablos-clubhouse/article_180d1563-6c6e-5d21-9f1e-c260c62e7be0.html |date=December 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Diablos arrested">[https://www.tribstar.com/news/diablos-arrested-in-thursday-shooting/article_c4804616-1614-11e7-9e21-0b8a2e0a1645.html Diablos arrested in Thursday shooting] Lisa Trigg, ''[[Tribune-Star]]'' (March 31, 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230314000355/https://www.tribstar.com/news/diablos-arrested-in-thursday-shooting/article_c4804616-1614-11e7-9e21-0b8a2e0a1645.html |date=March 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://law.justia.com/lawsearch?query=diablos%20motorcycle

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-1st-circuit/1362917.html

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/236/41/511000/

https://www.casemine.com/judgement/us/5914b9f4add7b0493478e094

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-baltas

https://www.fosters.com/story/news/crime/2017/07/11/group-allegedly-intimidates-residents-day-after-rochester-melee/20278672007/

https://www.legacy.com/obituaries/theberlincitizen/obituary.aspx?n=john-j-baltas-jack&pid=157199109&fhid=6935

https://web.archive.org/web/20221208164647/https://www.masslive.com/news/2019/12/in-our-world-killing-is-easy-latin-kings-figure-in-web-of-organized-crime-alliances-say-former-gangsters-and-law-enforcement-officials.html

https://www.nhregister.com/news/article/Motorcycle-club-says-Schwartz-never-belonged-to-11689326.php

https://www.courant.com/1996/04/25/diablos-leader-denies-he-wanted-officer-killed/

https://www.ctpost.com/news/article/Member-of-Diablos-gang-sentenced-to-jail-in-78454.php

https://www.courant.com/news/connecticut/hc-xpm-1996-11-13-9611130315-story.html

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-7th-circuit/1330858.html

https://valley.newhavenindependent.org/article/derby_grapples_with_alleged_zoning_violation_connected_to_enforcement_offic

https://www.berkshireeagle.com/archives/motorcycle-gang-leader-pleads-guilty-to-cocaine-trafficking/article_8cce5aa4-94de-5a35-adfd-2664d461b220.html

http://www.bristolpress.com/BP-General+News/281596/diablo-member-charged-in-vicious-bristol-assault

==El Forastero MC==
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/08/02/Two-men-wounded-in-battle-with-bikers/4066397108800/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/08/03/A-confrontation-with-a-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-club-left/5089237039015/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230409201535/https://www.fuglefiles.com/new-page-4

==Galloping Goose MC==
https://web.archive.org/web/20220703104438/https://www.thepitchkc.com/outlaw-motorcycle-clubs-stake-their-claims-inside-the-galloping-gooses-100mile-kc-territory/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230409201535/https://www.fuglefiles.com/new-page-4

Glennon Paul Sweet
https://archive.ph/gWKjH#selection-617.24-617.42
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-02-13-9101130817-story.html
https://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/enhancements/fy0730/2007012957-s.html
https://eu.news-leader.com/story/news/local/ozarks/2017/05/27/man-who-reinvented-meth/330877001/
https://missourideathrow.com/2008/12/sweet_glennon/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/207556216/
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qUmzAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT24&lpg=PT24&dq=Glennon+Paul+Sweet+galloping+goose&source=bl&ots=GCU7U-IV7A&sig=ACfU3U3ET5Ef-vZ1kyizgD2v52Xajf49qQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwid-JTFwbeAAxVKxQIHHQvsBqEQ6AF6BAggEAM#v=onepage&q=Glennon%20Paul%20Sweet%20galloping%20goose&f=false
https://law.justia.com/cases/missouri/supreme-court/1990/70174-0.html
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/02/10/A-man-arrested-for-questioning-in-the-slaying-of/1129539931600/
https://apnews.com/40d004e54b72539bdfabc499e62a7ed2 - Man Convicted, Sentenced To Death in State Trooper's ..., December 13 1987
https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/cPf1t666CD8
https://www.newspapers.com/article/51078286/plea-is-changed-in-troopers-killing/

==Grim Reapers MC==
https://web.archive.org/web/20230819012728/https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/crime/2020/02/06/17-indicted-alleged-drug-ring-associated-grim-reapers/4678687002/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230819012346/https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2023/02/21/federal-judge-sentences-15th-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club-member-evansville-meth-jesse-wilson/69928612007/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/waukesha-daily-freeman-bpm-grim-reapers/3744184/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-dispatch-feds-arrest-grim-reapers-fr/34112195/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/news-press-boone-bar-fight-1976/25680168/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/14932442/

https://www.hotcars.com/the-rise-and-fall-of-the-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club/

https://www.hotcars.com/14-little-known-facts-about-the-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club/#their-patch-is-all-about-the-angel-of-death

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6642808/stephen-earl-thomasson-funeral/

https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdin/pr/fifteen-members-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club-conspiracy-sentenced-total-over-155-years

https://www.14news.com/2023/02/21/15-members-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club-sentenced-total-more-than-155-years-federal-prison/

https://www.courierpress.com/story/news/local/2023/02/21/federal-judge-sentences-15th-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club-member-evansville-meth-jesse-wilson/69928612007/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34112195/feds-arrest-grim-reapers-from-q-c-area/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/34112233/reapers-cont/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/3744184/bpm-grim-reapers-mineapolis-1971/

https://eu.courierpress.com/story/life/2018/04/17/history-lesson-grim-reapers-motorcycle-club-evansville-newburgh/523041002/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/6457712/the-daily-chronicle/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25680168/boone-bar-fight-1976/

https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2014/08/10/book-hells-angels-violence-redemption/13856815/ / https://archive.ph/ZxdDm

https://uspto.report/TM/74397528

==Hells Angels MC==
https://web.archive.org/web/20221127154620/https://thevintagent.com/2021/01/19/research-into-contemporary-outlaws-rico/ Early HA

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/149279NCJRS.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT132&lpg=PT132&dq=aryan+brotherhood+hells+angels+allies&source=bl&ots=TAA1zJWgRk&sig=ACfU3U1iEwHMz7uFxL-nuxZNW7jgh2eWEw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjL_ou_0PL7AhXGTEEAHTUnC704HhDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=aryan%20brotherhood%20hells%20angels%20allies&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ffWdrqbqpIEC&pg=PA287&lpg=PA287&dq=aryan+brotherhood+hells+angels+allies&source=bl&ots=fy8qTyIRQ4&sig=ACfU3U24jAYbIufvFWLIXIM3DhGmcQHSUQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjL_ou_0PL7AhXGTEEAHTUnC704HhDoAXoECBQQAw#v=onepage&q=aryan%20brotherhood%20hells%20angels%20allies&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA52&lpg=PA52&dq=aryan+brotherhood+hells+angels+allies&source=bl&ots=gMKSoB_Ynm&sig=ACfU3U3QtECgpySl_7KwwNQWp-WjGSMKmQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwzp3H0PL7AhVKZ8AKHVLED2s4KBDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=aryan%20brotherhood%20hells%20angels%20allies&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=43vZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT216&lpg=PT216&dq=aryan+brotherhood+hells+angels+allies&source=bl&ots=7r02yEmn_r&sig=ACfU3U1pYkVn9zZV2oq152SDP3x157ehYQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwzp3H0PL7AhVKZ8AKHVLED2s4KBDoAXoECBcQAw#v=onepage&q=aryan%20brotherhood%20hells%20angels%20allies&f=false




https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VdSWdu0Sa3AC&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=hells+angels+fresno+2000&source=bl&ots=2Vkt8ZBKU9&sig=ACfU3U2i96DygVFtpY9cQLq-J7yBaqQwjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1vdf9qfD7AhWHdcAKHbHpBTo4ChDoAXoECB4QAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20fresno%202000&f=false HA chapter worldwide

<ref>[https://www.gangsterismout.com/p/ha-world.html HA World]</ref> HA World

https://www.thelocal.com/tag/hells-angels/ HA Europe

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="133 Hells Angels seized in 14 cities"/>
<ref name="Busting Hell's Angels"/>

[[Cali Cartel]]<ref name="Lived fast, died young"/> [[Penose]]<ref name="Dick V."/> [[Satudarah]]<ref name="'Conflict Hells Angels en Satudarah draait om drugsmarkt'"/> [[No Surrender Motorcycle Club|No Surrender]]<ref name="Les No Surrender, un gang de motards criminel en pleine expansion"/>

<ref>[http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-15.html ''Les Gangs de Motards Criminalisés: Une expansion internationale''] Xavier Raufer, Institut de Criminologie de Paris</ref>

<ref>[https://translate.google.com/translate?hl=en&sl=fr&u=http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-15.html&prev=search&pto=aue]</ref>

<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=mlKeBAAAQBAJ&q=mammoth+book+of+bikers+viking+party&pg=PT336|title = The Mammoth Book of Bikers|isbn = 9781780334042|last1 = Veno|first1 = Arthur|date = September 2011}}</ref>

https://groups.google.com/g/bc.general/c/N55sXptUK9E

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19761111&id=jnxXAAAAIBAJ&sjid=R_EDAAAAIBAJ&pg=701,2226345

Charity
https://web.archive.org/web/20230723220811/https://www.cnbc.com/2014/12/07/biker-heroes-hells-angels-guardians-for-kids.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20220407213034/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hells-angels-toy-drive-arrests-20141216-story.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20220701025727/https://abc7ny.com/hells-angels-biker-club-motorcycles-bikes/1093073/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230331222712/https://wbsm.com/cape-cod-hells-angels-toy-drive-2022/
https://web.archive.org/web/20221207062618/https://greaterlongisland.com/hells-angels-help-save-christmas-by-donating-thousands-of-toys-to-angels-of-long-island/
https://web.archive.org/web/20210410141519/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/good-news/2020/11/15/brighter-holiday-hells-angels-rolling-out-inaugural-christmas-toy-drive/6261083002/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230804233529/https://www.policemag.com/blogs/gangs/blog/15317979/hells-angels-taking-away-their-toys
https://archive.ph/hHips
https://archive.is/wvDGn
https://web.archive.org/web/20220724092152/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/thunder-bay/thunder-bay-biker-gangs-1.6506885

===Alaska===
https://www.anchoragepress.com/news/the-hired-gun/article_ecb03334-290b-5fcf-9f1e-238ea7459e42.html

https://www.alaskarails.org/historical/Healy-shootout/index.html

https://www.alaskarails.org/stories/ARR-bikers.html

===Arkansas===
https://web.archive.org/web/20230801195332/https://www.arkansasonline.com/news/2007/jul/29/biker-gang-fails-abide-notorious-reputati-20070729/

===California===
https://www.vice.com/en/article/san-diego-hells-angels-are-suing-the-government-for-blowing-up-their-clubhouse-1027/

https://web.archive.org/web/20150422023912/https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Hells-Angels-arrested-after-2498886.php#next

Axemen / Mongols
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I6xeEoIawkQ
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/118333827/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/chula-vista-star-news/8517743/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-times-advocate-kenneth-michael-emp/131852523/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/independent/238568/%20/blog.newspapers.com
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/797809787/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-times-advocate/147199099/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/daily-times-advocate-kenneth-michael-emp/131852523/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-los-angeles-times/15165450/
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1989-02-28-me-398-story.html
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,954185-1,00.html
https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,954185-1,00.html

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/sandiego/press-releases/2012/hells-angels-sergeant-at-arms-sentenced-to-over-21-years
https://patch.com/california/lemongrove/hell-s-angels-associate-co-defendant-sentenced-in-met2fafcd56a5
https://web.archive.org/web/20200930232108/https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/hells-angel-pleads-not-guilty-to-fatal-stabbing-of-rival-one-year-ago/509-d5170c27-1bf7-4ac6-a56b-fb43f9b07623



https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-hells-angels/38787111/?locale=en-GB


https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24243542/valley-news/

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19700701&id=dfdjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_eQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=918,19594&hl=en

Fresno Exiles
https://casetext.com/case/lobretto-v-sisto-1
https://archive.ph/xK1cA
https://hanfordsentinel.com/front/defendant-takes-stand-timothy-lobretto-refutes-accusations-against-him-in-hells-angels-assault-case/article_739c9da5-f6e9-5367-9a79-

HA / AB/ Barger
https://web.archive.org/web/20230111095810/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/may/14/hells-angel-on-trial-18-years-after-murders/
https://web.archive.org/web/20221207134012/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/When-Jailbirds-Sing-It-was-the-pure-savagery-of-3018647.php
https://web.archive.org/web/20230805022350/https://www.policemag.com/blogs/gangs/blog/15318713/the-aryan-brotherhoodthe-dogs-of-war-part-2-of-2
https://web.archive.org/web/20200110211042/https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/10/leader-of-aryan-brotherhood-charged-with-five-murders-to-become-his-own-attorney-move-likely-gives-him-unregulated-jail-phone/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230805024148/https://greensboro.com/biker-wannabe-guilty-of-killings-17-years-ago/article_e1ba1be5-681e-5bb1-98ce-e0d3b661c137.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20211210170538/https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/31/us/oregon-jury-convicts-man-in-4-killings-linked-to-hell-s-angels.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20220927201134/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/?date=19940808&slug=1924321
https://archive.ph/V0aYB

Monterey
https://www.newspapers.com/article/122392459/police-oust-hells-angels/

2023 Sonoma County RICO
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2023/may/21/hells-angels-members-raymond-foakes-christopher-ra/

https://www.sfexaminer.com/news/crime/hells-angels-guilty-of-beating-killing-bay-area-members/article_fb041312-f8bb-11ed-b7f6-e3a02020f51e.html

Castaglione, Eaton, Piltz hit team
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA70&lpg=PA70&dq=raymond+fat+ray+piltz&source=bl&ots=LVSaV2oPbV&sig=ACfU3U2u3_TPccOYclmyRJq41wkdwiY8Rg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpgb7J79n-AhXZEsAKHdrXDqoQ6AF6BAgoEAM#v=onepage&q=raymond%20fat%20ray%20piltz&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=23lWEAAAQBAJ&pg=PT128&lpg=PT128&dq=raymond+fat+ray+piltz&source=bl&ots=zssWEtEVbm&sig=ACfU3U2Cd1-1paicao26gIzNFty9ALAXIw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpgb7J79n-AhXZEsAKHdrXDqoQ6AF6BAgnEAM#v=onepage&q=raymond%20fat%20ray%20piltz&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=E87SK53KGMMC&pg=PA136&lpg=PA136&dq=ray+piltz+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=S8IruGrMd2&sig=ACfU3U1f_raWboQWccOMEOjVEwBfvTwx3Q&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjxu_LU8dn-AhWUFMAKHSMiBX8Q6AF6BAgxEAM#v=onepage&q=ray%20piltz%20hells%20angels&f=false

Lynch report
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=MT19650316.2.9&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------

Jason Hartsell, San Diego '72
https://web.archive.org/web/20230501215157/https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/ca-court-of-appeal/1848369.html

Kenny Baker
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/01/26/The-crossed-eyes-of-a-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang/8809443941200/
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/04/14/Peaceful-gathering-of-the-biker-clan/2122482302800/
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-04-15-mn-14146-story.html

Bobby England
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/05/30/Hells-Angels-member-is-persistent-entrepreneur/6838454737600/

Pettigrew funeral
https://www.upi.com/Top_News/US/2011/10/16/Hells-Angel-biker-killed-at-funeral/47761318745053/

Cliff Mowery / OC
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA79&lpg=PA79&dq=cliff+mowery+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=LVS7Y5pPeZ&sig=ACfU3U0dwRA7E1wbwhiBC_L9HHoaKo_BMQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidkK3zmIz-AhWCaMAKHZ6oBdk4ChDoAXoECBAQAw#v=onepage&q=cliff%20mowery%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=zf0DAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA104&lpg=PA104&dq=cliff+mowery+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=HgwiIYjBQN&sig=ACfU3U2_HAgxzxFUL8vND-2HZI9tU08krA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwidkK3zmIz-AhWCaMAKHZ6oBdk4ChDoAXoECBEQAw#v=onepage&q=cliff%20mowery%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-27-ls-43616-story.html

https://variety.com/2000/voices/columns/disney-revs-chain-gang-tale-1117783208/

https://newspaperarchive.com/orange-county-register-apr-19-1977-p-2/

https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg71938.html

Hessians / Axemen
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/529330/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/

https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/read/12182424/atf-omgs-and-the-military

<ref name="Speed Demons">[https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C954185%2C00.html Speed Demons] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (April 2, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504132925/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,954185,00.html |date=May 4, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Speed Demons 2">[https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0%2C33009%2C954185%2C00.html Speed Demons] ''[[Time (magazine)|Time]]'' (April 2, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504145523/https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,954185-2,00.html |date=May 4, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/Hells-Angels-raided-in-S-F-one-arrested-5477799.php

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58485962/the-san-francisco-examiner/
https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-flores-6

https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/search?q=hells+angels

https://www.justice.gov/usao/pressreleases?keys=hells+angels&items_per_page=50

https://openjurist.org/933/f2d/1016/united-states-v-fukushima

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA398&lpg=PA398&dq=huns+motorcycle+club+bridgeport+ct&source=bl&ots=2oj5ryJbVU&sig=ACfU3U2PD1dohJXByhrf2dkMietTCsW5Nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIlPK44pD1AhUZQkEAHZPkCk04FBDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=huns%20motorcycle%20club%20bridgeport%20ct&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=hells+angels+kentucky+crime&source=bl&ots=gMHSivW-jm&sig=ACfU3U2FwJ9gvnytQ2Qintj9ngRvw7ZM3g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwif_92cmfb0AhWzgP0HHXRCBFYQ6AF6BAgyEAM#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20kentucky%20crime&f=false

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/sandiego/press-releases/2013/drug-trafficker-linked-to-hells-angels-sentenced-to-21-years

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA88&lpg=PA88&dq=hells+angels+kentucky+crime&source=bl&ots=3085tIX1Pz&sig=ACfU3U1YVm1PwPKIQVkNMor7eD4gyTbXZg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjp3Oa5mfb0AhU5hv0HHfxAAnI4ChDoAXoECBAQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20kentucky%20crime&f=false

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19700701&id=dfdjAAAAIBAJ&sjid=_eQDAAAAIBAJ&pg=918,19594

https://www.newspapers.com/profile/bobushnell/

https://www.newspapers.com/profile/msgzspot/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=2837937

https://www.newspapers.com/profile/sbailey/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=2133742&sort=paper-date-desc

Biker Enforcement Team (BET)
<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-27-mn-835-story.html Perot Source Was Fired as El Cajon Cop] Mark Platte and Ronald J. Ostrow, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (October 27, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230194928/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1992-10-27-mn-835-story.html |date=December 30, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26003428/mueller-prosecutes-hells-angels-13-jan/ Ex-cop barred from testiffying on 'plot' to get Hells Angels] Tom Hall, ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' (January 13, 1981)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1981/01/13/us/hells-angels-lose-plea-over-us-payment-to-witness.html Hells Angels lose plea over U.S. payment to witness] Wayne King, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (January 13, 1981)</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3ZevBUnVizAC&pg=PA170&lpg=PA170&dq=scott+barnes+biker+enforcement+team&source=bl&ots=raH-MCBmCC&sig=ACfU3U3vE1gOAeH_0WmFsCra_cQQH2BHFg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjlsqzblr3yAhVMfMAKHXWEBMcQ6AF6BAgMEAM#v=onepage&q=scott%20barnes%20biker%20enforcement%20team&f=false ''Conspiracy of Brothers: A True Story of Bikers, Murder and the Law''] Mick Lowe (1988)</ref>

Operation One Percenter
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=CiN8MCWU-YUC&pg=PA632&lpg=PA632&dq=Operation+1+Percenter+march+1986&source=bl&ots=bKCxjpP4l4&sig=ACfU3U0pmbQ7cEHrJTm4nd4YjHI2g7fueQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCvZ28-6nyAhWqDmMBHXckC9sQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=Operation%201%20Percenter%20march%201986&f=false
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6EVV980kkbsC&pg=PA1&lpg=PA1&dq=Operation+1+Percenter+march+1986&source=bl&ots=7u5xDJ3Aa0&sig=ACfU3U2wd8BHVVmpkQtHxafWb616usaekA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiCvZ28-6nyAhWqDmMBHXckC9sQ6AF6BAgXEAM#v=onepage&q=Operation%201%20Percenter%20march%201986&f=false
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-28-me-765-story.html

Chapters
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VdSWdu0Sa3AC&pg=PT59&lpg=PT59&dq=Hells+Angels+south+bend+indiana+1994&source=bl&ots=2Vfw34uQR2&sig=ACfU3U3yzmgZx2n9xibUUHPKenq2Cwo32g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjCoYO-34vxAhUSilwKHQtsBSQQ6AEwGnoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=Hells%20Angels%20south%20bend%20indiana%201994&f=false

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/149030NCJRS.pdf


<ref name="''The Angels Do Not Forget''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=thomas+shull+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=GBQ6vznGlL&sig=ACfU3U3CThhg3mULdJjHQXdiJEU1-l0O9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwksGM2IbrAhWhoFwKHV4NBn04ChDoATAAegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=thomas%20shull%20hells%20angels&f=false ''The Angels Do Not Forget''] Raymond C. Morgan (1979)</ref>
<ref name="''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/803/499/2133128/ ''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''] [[Justia]] (August 24, 1992)</ref>

<ref name="''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''">[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf ''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''] [[National Institute of Justice]] (1991)</ref>

<ref name="''United States of America v. Charles T. Pasciuti''"/>

<ref name="''The Angels Do Not Forget''"/>

<ref name="''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''"/>

https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Mother-and-Daughter-Awarded-350-000-In-Raid-2776798.php
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/592603/hells-angels-verdicts/
https://openjurist.org/655/f2d/186/united-states-v-motley
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/534/954/1443525/
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/753/1475/265787/
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Drug-Stolen-Property-Charges-Against-Hell-s-3037344.php
https://www.kivitv.com/news/national/grand-jury-indicts-11-members-of-hells-angels
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/10/26/the-case-against-harleys-angels/c58e8ea6-8fcf-49c1-b6b8-b3ee5f62ccf3/
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/648/1231/130664/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26030252/hells-angel-trial-streamlined-13-aug/
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/09/29/Trial-starts-for-Hells-Angels-charged-in-drug-case/3081339048000/
https://www.fbi.gov/wanted/topten/topten-history/hires_images/FBI-403-FilmoreRaymondCrossJr.jpg/view
https://apnews.com/article/3e078f2d119e4279d3ac4e7cf691a968
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/12/24/Hells-Angel-on-FBI-10-most-wanted-list-surrenders/9961535784400/
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F3/402/962/510030/
https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-flores-6?__cf_chl_jschl_tk__=78cb11078302369d2c5d1ec0aceb6f2a4e312df9-1621810779-0-AS4rsRmHDUDlvXIjvr-KZqOZ2BxZhfAX-oSkdISxWz-okLO_Sp8zpq43jo-R3WEzImsUrV-T5mT9hmxlhzwU0xm242GXcDYM5oEXT67_QrvmSM3it1LEvtODA9LupWDmTWTDtG4R8VHhDnAgWk47ose61njWfwKlltU__mFVqhT4EDCSoOqbzeT05RtjTKBBS1ei5LkBWIfLt7IDlFF6OTmo5_34Grsc6OCJIqPkUdZv4s7UJTMtIcdoGRilRX3LTNUMFAEYM25U6Yem-4JWmW56TeNOkcwWfNJPJJYOkJtNHkKaoxJ2GIyyHBESf8Mj-0cywjZF6cNh29mBNUEgn1iL3BKs0WHcgPvRxEP7kW6gqxvXQtlApPwiROIQe9_OrenmOvYaQcdu8VGjdXLnZZ0VdziBYLdHfZ17NpSTPufwVpjFdsEhHNIm3DHlVywuqKrai2fD6-BjAC-EoTjIqCGEvQYojloYSYrlDffCC7ivN2xhvGqrgdY1JeiutKSqvw
https://law.justia.com/cases/california/court-of-appeal/3d/38/176.html
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15165450/the-los-angeles-times/
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT68&lpg=PT68&dq=andrew+horn+hells+angels+sandiego&source=bl&ots=GCJ2oEoDhT&sig=ACfU3U1cH6mj5uG_A3DWywwp2mkyUJlLIQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiti8jYvujwAhVfhP0HHXQZCG8Q6AEwEXoECBsQAw#v=onepage&q=andrew%20horn%20hells%20angels%20sandiego&f=false
https://www.mercurynews.com/2008/07/22/hells-angels-leaders-four-others-arrested-in-east-bay-pot-raids/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27074016/cisco-valderrama/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/65807814/

Lawrence "Moose" Chesher
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA545&lpg=PA545&dq=sergey+walton+escape+prison&source=bl&ots=2oh6xACcY_&sig=ACfU3U1oQGzVhWTbjzv8_YZNnGA7iHG88w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwydeE0vnwAhUDahQKHTkHAKoQ6AEwEHoECAYQAw#v=onepage&q=sergey%20walton%20escape%20prison&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA545&lpg=PA545&dq=lawrence+chesher+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=2oh6xADbVX&sig=ACfU3U0kyUIFQpGm-3QE5inU3M1UNhcdrw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFhoSi1fnwAhUb8uAKHQ_gAasQ6AEwCnoECAgQAw#v=onepage&q=lawrence%20chesher%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=m3xBBAAAQBAJ&pg=PT160&lpg=PT160&dq=lawrence+chesher+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=AB7LmZMLGg&sig=ACfU3U2JBcllWmuFQq9KJVkvHyrwLHowlQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiFhoSi1fnwAhUb8uAKHQ_gAasQ6AEwC3oECAcQAw#v=onepage&q=lawrence%20chesher%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/678/1353/329809/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26030739/chesher-conviction-overturned-hells/

William McLean
https://www.marinij.com/2009/05/18/witness-hells-angels-swarmed-truck-before-marin-shooting/
https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Two-arrested-in-slaying-of-Hells-Angels-associate-3210903.php
https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/2-arrested-in-hells-angel-killing/
https://www.mercurynews.com/2009/10/28/el-cerrito-man-gets-21-years-for-slaying-in-burrito-road-rage-incident/

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/23110586/hells-angels/ 11 Hell's Angels Will Stand Trial] ''[[The San Bernardino Sun]]'' (March 21, 1967)</ref>

Oakland Hells Angels chapter members John "Johnny Angel" Palomar, Manuel Frank "Manny" Rubio and Jacob "Jake" Sanchez began operating Siesta Catering, a San Leandro-based catering company, in 1975, and soon afterwards began a campaign of bombings and firebombings against rival catering companies. In October 1976, Raymond Canon sold his own catering company to the trio after surviving a grenade attack on his residence and a firebombing of his business.<ref name="''The Angels Do Not Forget''"/> Eight people, including Palomar, Rubio, Sanchez and Canon, were subpoenaed on July 18, 1978 to testify before a federal grand jury investigating possible links between the HAMC and the catering industry in the San Francisco Bay Area.<ref>[https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SCS19780719.1.9&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------1 Hell's Angels Link Probed] ''[[Santa Cruz Sentinel]]'' (July 19, 1978)</ref> Siesta Catering was initially purchased by Sanchez for approximately $800,000 and was later sold by Rubio for around $6 million in 1980.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12hHAwjxXgYC&pg=PA368&lpg=PA368&dq=manuel+rubio+hells+angels+catering&source=bl&ots=NkbDMd_zKZ&sig=ACfU3U0_VKCFtJGslmxnk61emVKe8dYTJA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwizuK2lu4PwAhU88LsIHVogDfsQ6AEwD3oECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=manuel%20rubio%20hells%20angels%20catering&f=false ''Organized Crime in America: Hearings Before the Committee on the Judiciary''] [[United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary]] (January 27, 1983)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29775937/arrested/ FBI Sweep nationwide nets area Angels] Tom Hall, ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' (May 2, 1985)</ref>

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-dec-15-me-15187-story.html

https://www.ocweekly.com/rusty-coones-and-rodrigo-requejo-are-hell-raisers-6418322/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-25-me-30220-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-26-me-30520-story.html

https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdca/pr/hell-s-angels-gang-member-sentenced-methamphetamine-distribution

https://www.mercedsunstar.com/latest-news/article3238460.html

https://www.modbee.com/news/local/article3111532.html
https://www.modbee.com/latest-news/article3153365.html

https://www.pressdemocrat.com/article/news/hells-angels-arrested-in-forestville-pot-theft/

https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/06/24/disappearance-of-contra-costa-hells-angel-part-of-fbi-investigation-feds-allege-one-of-three-missing-members-was-murdered-cremated/

Brandon Thomas Mundell<ref>[http://archive.vcstar.com/news/crime/gang-expert-testifies-at-hells-angels-trial-ep-372648918-352356871.html/ Gang expert testifies at Hells Angel's trial] Raul Hernandez, ''[[Ventura County Star]]'' (December 11, 2008)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.chicagotribune.com/sdut-four-hells-angels-sought-kidnapping-robbery-2011aug31-story.html Four Hells Angels sought in kidnapping, robbery] Kristina Davis, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (August 31, 2011)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newsweek.com/hells-angels-motorcycle-gang-murder-sexual-assault-violence-717736 Hells Angels Still Alive and Violent, With California Arrests for Murder, Attacks on Rivals and a Marijuana Farm] Josh Saul, ''[[Newsweek]]'' (November 20, 2017)</ref>

Rusty Coones
https://apnews.com/article/6e881724dd29f5e8ac92fa80df3fc3fc
https://www.ocweekly.com/rusty-coones-and-rodrigo-requejo-are-hell-raisers-6418322/
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-08-mn-45415-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-1999-11-10-export65447-story.html
https://newspaperarchive.com/santa-ana-orange-county-register-sunday-jun-10-1999-p-39/

FAIM
https://web.archive.org/web/20221211223925/https://www.eastbaytimes.com/2017/03/19/concord-feds-detail-undercover-meth-buys-with-group-associated-with-hells-angels-irish-mafia/ 

Stockton
https://web.archive.org/web/20221214212539/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/2003/12/06/wanted-biker-from-stockton/50720942007/
https://web.archive.org/web/20221214212712/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/crime/2013/01/04/two-hells-angels-arrested-in/49179428007/
https://web.archive.org/web/20221214212855/https://www.recordnet.com/story/news/crime/2014/11/28/motorcycle-gang-trial-ends-with/35852196007/

HA San Diego<ref name="Don't Embarrass the Hells Angels">[https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/2012/jul/25/feature-dont-embarass-hells-angels/ Don't Embarrass the Hells Angels] Eva Knott, ''[[San Diego Reader]]'' (July 25, 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/ZyvHW#selection-5189.0-5192.0 |date=November 9, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=690558%3Asusana_van&sort=paper-date-asc HA California 60s

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-crime-hellsangels-idUSTRE81Q0HI20120227

Fabricant

https://apnews.com/article/552a678cd9995de3d4f469419bbcf98a

https://www.eastvalleytribune.com/local/ex-hells-angel-gets-life-in-prison-for-meth-ring/article_2f5b122e-ff41-5bad-bc9a-afe6120ce85b.html

https://casetext.com/case/fabricant-v-united-states-1

Fukushima
https://openjurist.org/933/f2d/1016/united-states-v-fukushima

Orange County
https://newspaperarchive.com/orange-county-register-apr-19-1977-p-2/
https://web.archive.org/web/20221211002930/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-16-ls-39327-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1994-09-27-ls-43616-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-20-me-23902-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2005-feb-01-me-brothers1-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-22-me-bikers22-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/entertainment/tn-dpt-xpm-2012-08-06-tn-hbi-0809-pipeline-20120806-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2008-10-01-dpt-heslington100208-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2009-10-02-dpt-heslington100309-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1999-jun-08-me-45324-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2008-08-12-dpt-bikerfolo081308-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2001-10-28-export43705-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-26-me-30520-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-07-me-bikers7-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2006-mar-10-me-vagos10-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2008-08-14-dpt-requejo081508-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2008-aug-09-me-bikers9-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2008-09-18-dpt-arraignments091908-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2004-dec-28-me-requejo28-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2001-feb-26-me-30515-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/dpt-lloyd060510-story.html
https://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-xpm-2008-08-21-dpt-affidavit082208-story.html

Tramp/Owsley
https://www.thoughtsonthedead.com/dont-make-them-like-this-anymore/
https://www.psaudio.com/copper/article/bear-the-owsley-stanley-story-part-three/
https://www.druglibrary.net/schaffer/lsd/books/bel3.htm
https://www.vice.com/en/article/9b8qd5/the-trippy-life-of-the-lsd-manufacturer-who-helped-create-the-60s

Vallejo
https://www.unionleader.com/news/crime/major-federal-investigation-underway-targeting-vallejo-hells-angels-series-of-december-raids-lead-to-recent/article_32a12a9f-d898-5aa9-975f-509ba5252382.html
https://www.justice.gov/usao-edca/pr/solano-county-hells-angels-member-pleads-guilty-being-felon-possession-firearm
https://www.justice.gov/usao-edca/pr/fourth-hells-angels-motorcycle-club-member-indicted-after-investigation-brutal-beating

Operation 1 Percenter
https://web.archive.org/web/20221214213833/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-03-28-me-765-story.html
https://archive.ph/DXH7A
https://archive.ph/E65sO

===Connecticut===
https://web.archive.org/web/20230726031042/https://www.change .org/p/william-n-nettles-the-u-s-attorney-for-the-district-of-south-carolina-free-daniel-eugene-bifield-2

https://www.courant.com/2002/05/15/hells-angels-recasting-their-image/ / https://archive.ph/SognK

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/256506862/

===Illinois===
https://www.nwitimes.com/uncategorized/blaze-consumes-bikers-ex-home/article_ae631280-f4ab-55da-a6d5-e371a05f59bf.html / https://archive.ph/hAUDG

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs/652/652p.pdf

https://web.archive.org/web/20221109210759/https://www.shawlocal.com/2013/07/26/hells-angels-to-pay-respect-to-fallen-leader/av506t0/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802232305/https://www.sj-r.com/story/news/2008/03/24/state-briefs-3-24-08/48073813007/

https://www.rrstar.com/story/news/2008/03/24/94-rockford-case-featured/44702650007/ / https://archive.ph/1P1T8

https://web.archive.org/web/20240705150106/https://www.chicagotribune.com/1994/11/20/biker-war-erupts-in-illinois/

https://www.rrstar.com/story/lifestyle/public-safety/2013/07/20/hells-angels-inquiry-nets-12/65005659007/ / https://archive.ph/QwIi6

https://thesouthern.com/news/breaking/former-hells-angels-leaders-sentenced-on-racketeering-charges/article_4453191e-ae24-5110-9004-aadd07730007.html / https://archive.ph/1OLMH

https://web.archive.org/web/20230819221116/http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v05/n226/a03.html

https://qconline.com/news/illinois/two-former-hells-angels-plead-guilty-in-decade-long-drug-scheme/article_8331aecf-1721-556e-8b2d-59642977ece5.html / https://archive.ph/yVi6t

https://web.archive.org/web/20191027161019/http://www.rave.ca/en/news_info/41867/usa/

https://qctimes.com/article_e78d1e14-8f96-5c66-9fd3-4bfdb5775f2b.html / https://archive.ph/O8UWu

https://qconline.com/article_6e1abba3-3e09-50f5-a3a2-ace20c87a394.html / https://archive.ph/Dk9hp

Kenneth "Kenny" Yates, president of the [[Cleveland, Ohio]] chapter of the Hells Angels, was shot and wounded in the foot in [[Joliet, Illinois|Joliet]], allegedly by [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]] members who then robbed him of his [[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]], on September 18, 1987.<ref name="''United States of America v. Ralph Hubert Barger''"/><ref name="''Exile on Front Street: My Life as a Hells Angel''"/> The incident reportedly occurred after Yates and another Hells Angel had planned an attack against the Outlaws using automatic firearms and other weaponry.<ref name="Mistaken Identity">[https://malefactorsregister.com/wp/mistaken-identity/ Mistaken Identity] Mark Gribben, malefactorsregister.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20151117082330/https://malefactorsregister.com/wp/mistaken-identity/ |date=November 17, 2015 }}</ref>

The Hells Angels expanded into Illinois and Indiana in 1994 by patching over the Hell's Henchman Motorcycle Club, forming chapters in [[Chicago]], [[Rockford, Illinois|Rockford]] and [[South Bend, Indiana]]. The club's expansion in the area resulted in a war with the Outlaws.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

<ref name="The Lancaster National Speedway Slayings: Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Peaked In 1990s With Racetrack Fight">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-lancaster-national-speedway-slayings-hells-angels-outlaws-biker-war-peaked-in-1990s-with-racetrack-fight/ The Lancaster National Speedway Slayings: Hells Angels-Outlaws Biker War Peaked In 1990s With Racetrack Fight] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com (April 28, 2017)</ref>

The war between the Hells Angels and the Outlaws ended with a truce in 1996.<ref name="Hells Angels Motorcycle Gang"/>

The Hell's Henchmen chapters in Chicago and Rockford joined the Hells Angels on December 2, 1994.<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

<ref name="Cops Arrest Hell's Angels After Chase">[https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-12-12-9412120175-story.html Cops Arrest Hell's Angels After Chase] Ray Quintanilla, ''[[Chicago Tribune]]'' (December 12, 1994)</ref>


https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-20-9411210007-story.html
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1994-11-09-9411160375-story.html
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-03-09-9703090100-story.html

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19970218&id=5msnAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NNgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2680,1741863

https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1997-02-17-9702170080-story.html

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1997/02/17/Police-closing-in-on-Hells-Angels/5073856155600/

https://www.rrstar.com/story/lifestyle/public-safety/2013/07/20/hells-angels-inquiry-nets-12/65005659007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20180929191758/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1995-03-04-9503040212-story.html

https://www.newspapers.com/article/9120105/chicago_tribune/

https://archive.ph/HWSJl

https://archive.ph/gmRLs

https://archive.ph/AEfEu

https://archive.ph/jEWo2

https://archive.ph/R9pNr

https://www.southmag.com/heavens-angel/

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.true-crime/c/C18Uv_eFbM4

https://archive.ph/lIuXk

https://archive.ph/v864g

https://web.archive.org/web/20191027161019/http://www.rave.ca/en/news_info/41867/usa/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230819221116/http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v05/n226/a03.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230730232844/https://www.southmag.com/heavens-angel/

https://archive.ph/v864g

===Maine===
The Maine branch of the HAMC was established in [[Canaan, Maine|Canaan]] on June 13, 1997.<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs/657/cocaine.htm

===Maryland===
<ref name="Rumblings of Cycle Gang">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2002/07/28/rumblings-of-cycle-gang-worrying-some-in-smd/f49e7dc1-0b22-45a0-a8c2-63f90df50c00/ Rumblings of Cycle Gang Worrying Some in S.Md.] Michael Amon, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (July 28, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/CvfQ1#selection-799.0-799.46 |date=July 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hopes for Maryland Hells Angels">[https://thedailyrecord.com/2002/07/29/hopes-for-southern-maryland-hells-angels-chapter-has-police-worried/ Hopes for Southern Maryland Hells Angels chapter has police worried] ''[[Daily Record (Maryland)|Daily Record]]'' (July 29, 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Hz46R#selection-1563.0-1563.67 |date=July 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Maryland Hells Angels indicted">[https://www.bizjournals.com/baltimore/stories/2003/07/28/daily42.html Three Southern Maryland Hells Angels indicted] Jonathan Cribbs, ''[[Baltimore Business Journal]]'' (July 31, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/tXW1E#selection-1151.0-1151.45 |date=July 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Jury in Baltimore indicts 2 Hells Angels">[https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2003-07-31-0307310002-story.html Federal grand jury in Baltimore indicts 2 Hells Angels on drug, gun charges] ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (July 31, 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/FdNud#selection-433.0-433.75 |date=July 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Spreading their wings">[https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-2004-03-13-0403130045-story.html Spreading their wings] Dan Fesperman, ''[[The Baltimore Sun]]'' (March 13, 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/iDntC#selection-165.0-165.13 |date=July 14, 2023 }}</ref>

===Mass===
https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-a-cold-war-between-biker-gangs-hells-angels-pagans-turned-red-hot

https://eu.heraldnews.com/story/news/crime/2022/07/21/fbi-raid-hells-angels-westport-clubhouse-fall-river-home-sweep-biker-gangs/10121421002/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/41912634/the_transcript/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/439892470/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/47425006/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/2589279/jan-2-1974/

===Minnesota===
<ref name="Former MN Hells Angels president">[https://www.mankatofreepress.com/news/state_national_news/former-mn-hells-angels-president-club-violence-unpredictable/article_2303a440-0199-11e5-a13b-6722dc0b6715.html Former MN Hells Angels president: Club violence unpredictable] Nancy Madsen, ''[[The Free Press (Mankato)|The Free Press]]'' (May 24, 2015) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210704213343/https://www.mankatofreepress.com/news/state_national_news/former-mn-hells-angels-president-club-violence-unpredictable/article_2303a440-0199-11e5-a13b-6722dc0b6715.html |date=July 4, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Former detective shares insights">[https://www.parkrapidsenterprise.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/former-detective-shares-insights-on-outlaw-biker-code Former detective shares insights on outlaw biker code] Robin Fish, ''[[Park Rapids Enterprise]]'' (April 5, 2024) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240405203647/https://www.parkrapidsenterprise.com/lifestyle/arts-and-entertainment/former-detective-shares-insights-on-outlaw-biker-code |date=April 5, 2024 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell's Angels leader tells his story">[https://www.startribune.com/tevlin-hell-s-angels-leader-tells-his-story-with-the-help-of-the-cop-who-caught-him/268742941 Hell's Angels leader tells his story with the help of the cop who caught him] Jon Tevlin. ''[[Minnesota Star Tribune]]'' (July 27, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240818185552/https://www.startribune.com/tevlin-hell-s-angels-leader-tells-his-story-with-the-help-of-the-cop-who-caught-him/268742941 |date=August 18, 2024 }}</ref>

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/08/12/Hells-Angels-seized-in-police-swoop/5726429508800/

https://eu.newsleader.com/story/news/local/2016/10/20/gang-members-operate-behind-bars/91657568/ tattoo

https://web.archive.org/web/20240817025213/https://www.startribune.com/hells-angels-win-four-year-legal-fight-to-regain-clubhouse/14621327

https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCOURTS-mnd-0_03-cv-05765/pdf/USCOURTS-mnd-0_03-cv-05765-0.pdf

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-8th-circuit/1187127.html

https://www.republicaneagle.com/news/former-hells-angels-gang-member-pleads-guilty-to-federal-charges/article_7369a88f-ce34-5184-8197-97295a1a7bee.html

https://www.desmoinesregister.com/story/news/2014/08/10/book-hells-angels-violence-redemption/13856815/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221204185244/https://www.startribune.com/man-killed-inside-northeast-minneapolis-bar/600232813/

https://web.archive.org/web/20231213235710/https://www.twincities.com/2023/12/13/iron-range-hells-angels-president-charged-with-kidnapping-assault/

===Missouri===
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=r5cUh_LP1F0

<ref name="Confrontation with Hell's Angels">[hhttps://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/08/03/A-confrontation-with-a-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-club-left/5089237039015/ Confrontation with Hell's Angels club leaves two men shot] [[United Press International]] (August 3 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/9jn8I |date=January 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Meeting Is Muffled">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/140845569/ Meeting Is Muffled, Hells Angels Insist] Woody Registern, ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' (June 15, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114224701/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/140845569/ |date=January 14, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Model Conduct Citations">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/140846030/ Hells Angels Win Model Conduct Citations] Woody Register, ''[[St. Louis Post-Dispatch]]'' (June 17, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230114224627/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/140846030/ |date=January 14, 2023 }}</ref>

https://archive.ph/gWKjH#selection-617.24-617.42

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/140846030/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/140845569/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/924/1426/224172/

https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/crime/2012/07/16/springfield-police-keep-watch-on-biker-turf-war-tension-alleged/28936857/

https://www.ozarksfirst.com/life-health/coronavirus/spd-comments-on-first-stay-at-home-order-citations-issued/

https://www.wane.com/news/law-enforcement-gathered-at-hells-angels-clubhouse-in-springfield-heres-what-we-know/

https://www.news-leader.com/story/news/2022/05/04/springfield-police-search-hells-angels-hangout-info-shooting/9626980002/

https://www.ky3.com/2022/06/01/prosecutor-files-charges-shooting-incident-outside-springfields-hells-angels/

https://news.yahoo.com/police-search-hells-angels-hangout-110249898.html

===Nebraska===
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/07/19/Hells-Angel-wants-his-thumb-back/4110459057600/

===Nevada===
https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2014/mar/18/ex-hells-angels-chief-son-sentenced-in-vegas-case/

===NJ===
https://nj.gov/njsp/information/pdf/2017_NJSP_Gang_Survey.pdf p. 30

===NH===
Edward Shaughnessy
https://web.archive.org/web/20230501214608/https://www.laconiadailysun.com/news/local/hells-angels-under-investigation/article_d471b021-764a-5859-ba3c-4830a647ac32.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230501214823/https://www.fosters.com/story/news/2007/07/03/hells-angel-fined-on-wetlands/52527972007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230501215003/https://www.seacoastonline.com/story/news/2007/05/02/man-says-he-s-targeted/52909795007/

https://archive.ph/DpdsD

===NY===
https://web.archive.org/web/20230408173134/https://www.newsday.com/long-island/crime/hempstead-village-biker-brawl-averted-nassau-police-say-b89375

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/02/05/nyregion/jury-rules-against-forfeiture-of-hell-s-angels-3d-st-home.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20240818152022/https://www.oneidadispatch.com/2003/08/19/biker-raids-net-guns-drugs-cash/

https://vancouversun.com/news/crime/b-c-hells-angel-allegedly-made-millions-in-fraudulent-stock-scheme
https://www.vicnews.com/news/b-c-hells-angel-charged-in-crackdown-on-international-stock-manipulation-ring/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/472094587/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/491285662/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/31172857/may-3-1985/

New Roc indictment
https://www.justice.gov/usao-sdny/pr/six-members-and-associates-hells-angels-charged-white-plains-federal-court-racketeering

https://patch.com/new-york/peekskill/hells-angels-who-wreaked-havoc-dutchess-putnam-westchester-face-charges

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/804/225/435278/

===NC===
https://nc.prelawland.com/post/174637601537/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-nc-hells-angels-and

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer/146093298/

https://www.worthpoint.com/worthopedia/81-motorcycle-gang-hells-angels-170459986

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/146587188/

https://newspaperarchive.com/cumberland-news-oct-01-1981-p-6/

https://archives.nd.edu/observer/v16/1981-09-29_v16_027.pdf

https://digital.bentley.umich.edu/midaily/mdp.39015071754662/324

https://heraldsun.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun/106482419/


https://web.archive.org/web/20230925210207/https://www.wfmynews2.com/article/news/local/2-wants-to-know/2wtk-motorcycle-gangs-in-the-triad/83-224005164

https://archive.ph/xcrAo

https://archive.ph/IAr2y

https://archive.ph/T3Jab

https://archive.ph/xn8wb

https://archive.ph/z29db

https://archive.ph/vfck8

https://archive.ph/JSjbp

https://archive.ph/QgK3c

https://archive.ph/0N5uF

https://archive.ph/7Y19R

https://archive.ph/lZOfZ

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/07/05/The-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang-wrapped-up-its-international/1595363153600/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230817202538/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/02/archives/4-charged-with-murder-in-motorcycle-club-clash.html

https://virginiachronicle.com/?a=d&d=SNH19810818.1.8&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN--------

===Ohio===
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20478486/hells-angels-arsenal-shondor-birns/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/586831/the_daily_reporter/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/582580/the_evening_review/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802235908/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal/41006701/

===RI===
https://archive.vn/VseQO
http://www.nestreetriders.com/forum/f4/hells-angels-bar-fight-ri-49651.html

https://groups.google.com/g/van.general/c/YDN4O5c-Iwg
https://www.thechicagosyndicate.com/2008/02/does-mob-partner-with-motorcycle-gangs.html?m=0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYRreNJ-b9k

===Virginia===
https://web.archive.org/web/20221211223506/https://www.princegeorgecountyva.gov/news_detail_T6_R2018.php

1981 Richmond massacre
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XRNzU40CFw
https://archive.ph/4v4cO
https://archive.ph/GwQWR
https://web.archive.org/web/20170827142358/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1981/01/11/6-die-in-mass-murder/dabbd0f9-80aa-4856-84b5-4b8eb3a7e2c2/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/richmond-times-dispatch/113042034/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer/135634209/
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charlotte-observer/135634016/
https://heraldsun.newspapers.com/article/the-herald-sun/106482419/?locale=en-GB

===Washington===
founding
https://web.archive.org/web/20241209062900/https://archive.seattletimes.com/archive/19940523/1912018/police-say-hells-angels-establishing-its-first-nw-clubhouse-in-spokane

Myers
https://web.archive.org/web/20230706092410/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/dec/12/motive-of-killing-in-tavern-brawl-may-be-revenge/
https://web.archive.org/web/20230609093551/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/may/08/ghost-rider-says-he-wasnt-carrying-gun-friend-of/
https://web.archive.org/web/20241209062732/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/may/09/hells-angel-feared-for-life-in-bar-fight/
https://web.archive.org/web/20241209061206/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/may/10/jury-in-hells-angel-case-resumes-deliberations/
https://web.archive.org/web/20190724231321/http://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/may/11/hells-angel-acquitted-jury-finds-timothy-myers/
https://web.archive.org/web/20241209061556/https://www.lmtribune.com/northwest/the-northwestb7616588/
https://web.archive.org/web/20241209054429/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2007/mar/11/angels-on-trial/



https://web.archive.org/web/20031212171243/http://edition.cnn.com/2003/US/12/03/hells.angels.raids/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240818145526/https://www.deseret.com/2003/12/3/19799314/federal-agents-raid-hells-angels-sites-across-the-west/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240818145812/https://www.npr.org/2003/12/04/1531925/feds-raid-hells-angels-hangouts

https://web.archive.org/web/20040402123241/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/3292405.stm

https://www.sfgate.com/crime/article/raids-net-dozens-of-hells-angels-17-in-bay-area-2547205.php / https://archive.ph/UTvoX

https://web.archive.org/web/20220927194812/https://www.cbsnews.com/news/feds-raid-hells-angels-clubhouses/

https://web.archive.org/web/20211107231422/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-dec-04-me-hellsangels4-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20210725224634/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2003/dec/04/raids-net-bikers-sought-gang-fight/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240818151145/https://www.theage.com.au/world/hells-angels-members-arrested-in-raids-20031206-gdwvr5.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20110929134639/https://lasvegassun.com/news/2003/dec/04/hells-angels-indicted-in-casino-shooting/

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-dec-05-me-hells5-story.html / https://archive.ph/hNyFB

https://www.seattlepi.com/seattlenews/article/guns-drugs-found-in-raids-on-hells-angels-1131265.php / https://archive.ph/Fkw5Z

https://web.archive.org/web/20240818155012/https://billingsgazette.com/article_53789a2d-6921-5a3f-b24c-d93d37cf3921.html




https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/jun/12/hells-angels-rounded-up-five-people-charged-with/

https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/sep/28/timing-shows-trial-is-revenge-defense-says/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230707224919/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/oct/05/hells-angels-case-ends-in-mistrial-jurors-note/

https://mynorthwest.com/19000/few-in-number-washington-hells-angels-trying-to-survive/

https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2022/sep/29/spokane-police-federal-agents-serve-warrant-at-hel/

https://web.archive.org/web/20170824163221/https://www.tri-cityherald.com/news/local/crime/article168553202.html

https://www.unionleader.com/news/crime/pagans-motorcycle-gang-shootout-victim-allegedly-fired-first-at-members-of-rival-club/article_86aacd1d-1a24-5a8b-88a2-96391a9d0256.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802235456/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2007/jun/12/2-hells-angels-members-convicted/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230802235749/https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/officer-testified-at-biker-trial/

===Australia===
https://web.archive.org/web/20240818153943/https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/hells-angels-members-arrested-properties-raided-20140211-32f3m.html

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/hells-angels-clubhouse-raided-in-seaford-in-melbournes-southeast/news-story/5ccb64fedd6615485dd757ef7701b30d?amp&nk=f0c65c76638eb600ec67dfdf3eb313a1-1723996358 / https://archive.ph/WGMLI

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2003-06-13/police-raid-hells-angels-clubhouse/1869886

https://www.afp.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/alleged-nsw-omcg-member-extradited-nsw-qld-face-six-new-charges

https://www.9news.com.au/national/hells-angels-outlaw-motorcycle-gang-hit-in-nationwide-police-operation/0aaad6a7-b827-4766-9abd-120937551392

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=BIK9DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT205&lpg=PT205&dq=ray+hammett+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=lvDiQQoGEv&sig=ACfU3U190MnS7CsmbrbrNWjAPkWrjjoPoA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV6ae2v8_7AhUQhf0HHS-cBBoQ6AF6BAghEAM#v=onepage&q=ray%20hammett%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rIpAEs4t4hYC&pg=PA272&lpg=PA272&dq=Michael+Malve+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=Wxe0-RYCmQ&sig=ACfU3U1DtBp75XcDP6powMoaZC85CoYc8A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjv-Yiuvsf7AhUHSMAKHeCvBjEQ6AF6BAgiEAM#v=onepage&q=Michael%20Malve%20hells%20angels&f=false - HA Australia 1986, Michael "Primo" Malve

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/77958638/the-age/ HA Melbourne

<ref name="Australia and Hell's Angels">[https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/12/world/australia-and-hell-s-angels.html Australia and Hell's Angels] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 12, 1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508201506/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/12/world/australia-and-hell-s-angels.html |date=8 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Australia

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rIpAEs4t4hYC&pg=PA282&lpg=PA282&dq=hells+angels+world+run+australia+1990&source=bl&ots=WxdVYUTunN&sig=ACfU3U2fbS-hHWvGz26uBn80LWy360xESg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJwK-C2dD3AhUFmVwKHbBMAnoQ6AF6BAg_EAM#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20world%20run%20australia%201990&f=false HA Australia

https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/cabinet-papers-199293-released-hells-angels-run-out-of-town-20161216-gtd3oo.html HA Australia

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/hells-angels-cancel-run-after-bizarre-houseboat-standoff-in-mildura/news-story/a237a0a358dcf8315643eae49d05d32a HA Australia

<ref name="Une hiérarchie de type militaire">[http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-10.html Une hiérarchie de type militaire] www.xavier-raufer.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508203810/http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-10.html |date=8 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Australia

https://www.couriermail.com.au/news/queensland/is-former-bandidos-member-turned-hells-angel-john-fahey-the-man-who-kickstarted-events-that-led-to-bikie-crackdown/news-story/e7dd3c3c1ba347d3682a3baafdc1bbd9

https://www.mandurahmail.com.au/story/7292070/missing-man-last-seen-with-hells-angels/

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2007-09-21/bikies-plead-guilty-after-refusing-to-answer-acc/677278

===Belgium===
The first Hells Angels Belgium chapter was formed on 14 July 1997 in [[Ghent]].<ref name="''Les Gangs de Motards Criminalisés: Une expansion internationale''"/>

https://www.thefreelibrary.com/Hell%27s+Angels%27+wings+clipped+in+Belgium.-a060535844 HA Belgium

http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/337718.stm HA Belgium

https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/ve2s8cm6 HA Belgium

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4hk2AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1416&lpg=PA1416&dq=hells+angels+ghent+1997&source=bl&ots=Nbhr3XYzzI&sig=ACfU3U2GEP_E6Wmym-MhXI7RT-llAxHHHA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjTwfSOv9n7AhUrhv0HHdzoCto4FBDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20ghent%201997&f=false HA Belgium

https://www.rtbf.be/article/tongres-le-membre-des-hells-angels-condamne-a-30-ans-8900062

https://www.lesoir.be/178348/article/2018-09-14/plus-de-70-policiers-pour-assurer-la-securite-du-proces-autour-de-la-mort-dun

https://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20181025_03872030

https://www.brusselstimes.com/519897/hells-angels-biker-arrested-in-wallonia

===Canada===
https://vancouversun.com/news/staff-blogs/real-scoop-hells-angels-ride-as-forfeiture-case-nears-end HA BC

https://theprovince.com/tag/hells-angels/?from=50 HA BC

https://vancouversun.com/feature/bc-hells-angels-criminal-convictions-clubhouse-seizures-mark-celebratory-year HA BC

http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v07/n748/a09.html HA Canada

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/496061633/ HA Russian Mafia

https://montrealgazette.com/news/local-news/quebecs-attorney-general-now-owns-hells-angels-bunker HA Quebec

https://ca.news.yahoo.com/hells-angels-bunker-lennoxville-que-214435290.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAFA54H8gREnh3XszTzuib_htkqoHHcX6xn2XArPw7V_EUKqQFkIaYJo6AnqZuFiRwBDm2bLddrm4P-k-vo5zIJWbo0kuzbl9G-2BxfogrPXPysiy3AAF_MwwjRcpRdVxWln_YtPKt1qT_TQ4gDZR1i74PXwiAhZIOcmt2LZM0-YU HA Quebec

https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/when-hell-comes-to-town/article1138212/ HA Ontario

https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg71938.html HA Canada/Netherlands

https://markosun.wordpress.com/2010/10/17/winnipeg-criminal-gangs/ HA Winnipeg

https://voiceonline.com/ontario-spillover-effect/ HA vs Mafia

===Denmark===
https://web.archive.org/web/20240908012520/https://www.dr.dk/nyheder/indland/lange-faengselsstraffe-i-narkosag

https://web.archive.org/web/20240908012155/https://www.bt.dk/krimi/dommer-fejede-117-kg-narkotika-af-bordet

https://web.archive.org/web/20240908012720/https://jyllands-posten.dk/jpaarhus/ECE4468349/Bombeofferet-d%C3%B8mt-i-stor-rocker-sag/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/05/07/Hells-Angels-attacked-in-biker-war/7110640888434/

https://nyheder.tv2.dk/krimi/2008-10-28-nu-kommer-bandekrigen-til-arhus

https://web.archive.org/web/20240907220845/https://stiften.dk/aarhus/hvad-nu-hells-angels

The Danish Hells Angels are involved in drug trafficking, extortion, witness intimidation, and counterintelligence against the police.<ref name="Hells Angels’ devilish business">[https://fortune.com/2012/12/02/the-hells-angels-devilish-business-fortune-1992/ The Hells Angels’ devilish business] Andrew E. Serwer, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' (November 30, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/I3I2Y#selection-475.0-475.35 |date=October 13, 2020 }}</ref> A significant part of the Copenhagen amphetamine trade is controlled by the Hells Angels.<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lCefDIwDruQC&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=scorpio+hells+angels+gangs+tony+thompson&source=bl&ots=Tmjb2Tb_da&sig=ACfU3U0X0PbqTqaPveHPON-nYaEVJ-igUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwvOGxy677AhVKQUEAHQ9WBmg4FBDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=scorpio%20hells%20angels%20gangs%20tony%20thompson&f=false |title=Gangland Britain: Inside Britain's most dangerous gangs |author=Tony Thompson |page= |date=4 July 1996 |access-date=17 November 2022|isbn=9780340608241 }}</ref>

<ref name="Danish calls for help on gang war">[https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/world/danish-calls-for-help-on-gang-war-464368 Danish calls for help on gang war] [[Iol.co.za]] (12 November 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504195907/https://www.iol.co.za/mercury/news/world/danish-calls-for-help-on-gang-war-464368 |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Copenhagen’s ‘racial’ gang wars">[https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2009/4/21/copenhagens-racial-gang-wars Copenhagen’s ‘racial’ gang wars] Awad Joumaa, ''[[Al Jazeera]]'' (12 April 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504200159/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2009/4/21/copenhagens-racial-gang-wars |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Denmark's rotten secret">[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/sep/19/denmark Denmark's rotten secret] Jakob Illeborg, ''[[The Guardian]]'' (19 September 2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504200403/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2008/sep/19/denmark |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Blood on the streets of Copenhagen">[https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/03/denmark-gangs Blood on the streets of Copenhagen] Jakob Illeborg, ''[[The Guardian]]'' (3 March 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504200548/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/mar/03/denmark-gangs |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Biker gang warfare rocks Copenhagen">[https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/biker-gang-warfarerocks-copenhagen/ Biker gang warfare rocks Copenhagen] Rachel Mendleson, ''[[MacLean's]]'' (26 March 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504200736/https://www.macleans.ca/news/world/biker-gang-warfarerocks-copenhagen/ |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Marginalisation and Copenhagen gang wars">[https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=840280 Marginalisation and Copenhagen gang wars] Pinar Yazgan and Therese Svensson, [[Central and Eastern European Online Library]] (2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504201012/https://www.ceeol.com/search/chapter-detail?id=840280 |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="News discourse and ideology: critical analysis of Copenhagen gang wars’ online news">[https://www.academia.edu/31008834/News_discourse_and_ideology_critical_analysis_of_Copenhagen_gang_wars_online_news News discourse and ideology: critical analysis of Copenhagen gang wars’ online news] Pınar Yazgan and Deniz Eroğlu Utku, [[Academia.edu]] (2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504201218/https://www.academia.edu/31008834/News_discourse_and_ideology_critical_analysis_of_Copenhagen_gang_wars_online_news |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Nordic boom in biker gangs">[https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2009/0504/p06s10-woeu.html Nordic boom in biker gangs] Tom Sullivan, ''[[The Christian Science Monitor]]'' (May 4, 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504202352/https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Europe/2009/0504/p06s10-woeu.html |date=May 4, 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Scandinavian approaches to outlaw motorcycle gangs">[https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-05/trends_issues_-_543_0.pdf Scandinavian approaches to outlaw motorcycle gangs] Synnøve Økland Jahnsen, [[Australian Institute of Criminology]] (April 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504202937/https://www.aic.gov.au/sites/default/files/2020-05/trends_issues_-_543_0.pdf |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Outlaw biker violence and retaliation">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6505941/ Outlaw biker violence and retaliation] Mark Lauchs, [[United States National Library of Medicine]] (2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504203345/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6505941/ |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Denmark: Biker Gangs Raided By Murder Police">[https://news.sky.com/story/denmark-biker-gangs-raided-by-murder-police-10446896 Denmark: Biker Gangs Raided By Murder Police] [[Sky News]] (2 May 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504205220/https://news.sky.com/story/denmark-biker-gangs-raided-by-murder-police-10446896 |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref name="Danish gang war spills over into Malmö">[https://www.thelocal.se/20090303/17958/ Danish gang war spills over into Malmö] ''[[The Local]]'' (3 March 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504210002/https://www.thelocal.se/20090303/17958/ |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Denmark

<ref>[https://www.sme.sk/c/amp/2065446/rocket-as-weapon-in-biker-gangswar.html Rocket As Weapon in Biker Gangs`War] ''[[SME (newspaper)|SME]]'' (19 February 1997)</ref>

<ref>[cphpost.dk/?p=9653 Police raid biker gang strongholds]</ref>

https://cphpost.dk/2012-11-12/news/national/high-court-rules-in-favour-of-former-hells-angels-leader/

https://www.newsweek.com/refugees-denmark-hells-angels-416899

https://fyens.dk/indland/hellere-rockere-end-flygtninge-laesere-forsvarer-hells-angels

https://news.sky.com/story/denmark-biker-gangs-raided-by-murder-police-10446896

https://www.occrp.org/en/daily/17742-five-linked-to-hells-angels-arrested-in-denmark-spain-drug-busts

https://hightimes.com/news/police-after-raids-of-open-air-drug-market-hells-angels-taking-over-copenhagen-pot-trade/

===Finland===
Helsinki 23 March 1996<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

Finnish Nomads chapter 18 September 1997<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

https://www.wired.com/2000/08/finland-braces-for-hell-on-wheels/

<ref name="Une hiérarchie de type militaire"/> HA Finland

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=i291AwAAQBAJ&pg=PA149&lpg=PA149&dq=hells+angels+world+run+finland+2000&source=bl&ots=X5VxqUbisZ&sig=ACfU3U0noanH2_LsfHCy5FhESZXVbPKRbw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiepoiD4tD3AhUIO8AKHSSvCyUQ6AF6BAgcEAM#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20world%20run%20finland%202000&f=false HA Finland

===France===
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=lCefDIwDruQC&pg=PT104&lpg=PT104&dq=overkill+mc+hells+angels+iron+hog&source=bl&ots=Tmd91Qd3df&sig=ACfU3U2eWGEXHvu3lImr3zs8mnNl8zRMlg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwibiry3uJ7tAhWLiFwKHYRTCNwQ6AEwGHoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=overkill%20mc%20hells%20angels%20iron%20hog&f=false

https://www.ladepeche.fr/2021/11/13/les-hells-angels-ravivent-la-guerre-entre-bikers-9926045.php

https://www.brusselstimes.com/41167/two-belgian-hells-angels-sentenced-for-drug-trafficking-in-france

https://actu.fr/pays-de-la-loire/guerande_44069/un-biker-proche-des-hells-angels-arrete-avec-de-la-cocaine-et-un-pistolet_9775720.html

===Germany===
https://web.archive.org/web/20140622041212/http://www.zeit.de/hamburg/2014-05/rocker-szene-hamburg

https://web.archive.org/web/20140623151636/https://www.zeit.de/hamburg/2014-05/rocker-szene-hamburg/seite-2

https://web.archive.org/web/20140623151641/http://www.zeit.de/hamburg/2014-05/rocker-szene-hamburg/seite-3

https://web.archive.org/web/20170328171102/https://www.mopo.de/hamburg/hamburgs-erster-rocker-boss-wie-der-hells-angels-gruender-die-schanze-terrorisierte-26266816/

https://web.archive.org/web/20211202154831/https://www.mopo.de/hamburg/mitbegruender-der-hells-angels-in-hamburg-rainer-kopperschmidt-69-ist-tot-36936612/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240907230648/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/krach-und-leder-a-e244a8ad-0002-0001-0000-000014326176

https://web.archive.org/web/20240908011947/https://www.spiegel.de/politik/mal-sehen-was-los-ist-a-8a2f8846-0002-0001-0000-000041810398

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18195006

https://www.dw.com/cda/en/several-hells-angels-bikers-arrested-in-german-city/a-19510801

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/08/12/Hells-Angels-seized-in-police-swoop/5726429508800/

https://www.dw.com/en/german-police-launch-massive-crackdown-on-hells-angels-group/a-41005862 HA Germany

https://www.abendblatt.de/region/norderstedt/article210608073/Rocker-und-Rechte-ruecken-enger-zusammen.html HA Germany

https://www.zeit.de/hamburg/2014-05/rocker-szene-hamburg/seite-2?utm_referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F HA Hamburg

https://www.mopo.de/hamburg/hamburgs-erster-rocker-boss-wie-der-hells-angels-gruender-die-schanze-terrorisierte-26266816/?reduced=true HA Hamburg

https://www.spiegel.de/politik/krach-und-leder-a-e244a8ad-0002-0001-0000-000014326176 HA Hamburg

https://www.gdp.de/gdp/gdpber.nsf/id/DE_FA-Krimbek/$file/Vortrag%20Rocker%20GdP.pdf HA Germany

https://web.archive.org/web/20221211004749/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/world-news/2021/09/02/major-raids-launched-against-hells-angels-gang-linked-murder/

Synagogue
https://www.algemeiner.com/2022/12/01/hells-angels-gang-leader-accused-of-coordinating-attacks-on-jewish-targets-in-germany-on-behalf-of-iranian-regime/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/03/06/iran-revolutionary-guard-attacks-germany/

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/world-europe-19782486

===Italy===
The HAMC was established in Italy on 16 December 1995 via a chapter in [[Milan]].<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/> The Italian branch of the Hells Angels is headquartered in [[Verona]].<ref name="Hells Angels Arrested All Over Europe">[https://www.asphaltandrubber.com/news/hells-angels-arrested-europe/ Hells Angels Arrested All Over Europe] Jensen Beeler, asphaltandrubber.com (15 June 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230129204626/https://www.asphaltandrubber.com/news/hells-angels-arrested-europe/ |date=29 February 2023 }}</ref>

June 2009<ref name="Hells Angels Arrested All Over Europe"/>

<ref name="Bad Boy Uli">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VdSWdu0Sa3AC&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=hells+angels+fresno+2000&source=bl&ots=2Vkt8ZBKU9&sig=ACfU3U2i96DygVFtpY9cQLq-J7yBaqQwjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1vdf9qfD7AhWHdcAKHbHpBTo4ChDoAXoECB4QAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20fresno%202000&f=false|isbn=9780960271801|title=Bad Boy Uli - Ik was een Hells Angel|date=15 January 2013|publisher=Meulenhoff Boekerij B.V.|author=Uli Detrois}}</ref>

===Netherlands===
The Dutch Hells Angels' involvement in gunrunning has included the smuggling of weapons from the former Yugoslavia.<ref>[https://www.irishtimes.com/news/world/europe/dutch-police-arrest-20-bandidos-biker-gang-members-in-raids-1.2229900 Dutch police arrest 20 Bandidos biker gang members in raids] Peter Cluskey, ''[[The Irish Times]]'' (28 May 2015)</ref> The club has more than one-hundred-and-thirty members in the Netherlands.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=-ptbCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT81&lpg=PT81&dq=John+Kracht+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=a7DL_uU6F7&sig=ACfU3U2z7WdAUexf7Lm0rNYDSyshkUf9gg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi6mJn1xY3wAhVKzqQKHfFOA0AQ6AEwD3oECAwQAw#v=onepage&q=John%20Kracht%20hells%20angels&f=false ''De gevallen engel''] John van den Heuvel (2015)</ref>

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-023-09522-0

https://web.archive.org/web/20230913023552/https://www.expatica.com/nl/general/hells-angels-cleared-of-murder-36854/

https://web.archive.org/web/20130827233358/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2004/feb/17/ianblack

https://archive.ph/S0ikQ

https://www.mail-archive.com/ctrl@listserv.aol.com/msg71938.html HA Canada/Netherlands

http://www.mokums.nl/hells_angels.html HA Netherlands

https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2008/01/05/Brothel-accused-of-link-to-Hells-Angels/67141199562558/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321275481_Outlaw_bikers_in_the_Netherlands_Clubs_social_criminal_organizations_or_gangs

https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b7ea2794cde7a79e7c00582/t/6373b10453ffce4ddfd18bac/1668526341186/%236+omc+and+org+crime.pdf

===NZ===
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/crime/arrested-men-in-hells-angels-rotorua-brawl-allegations-have-mixed-luck-in-bail-bids/PCRBMMWFY7GDDOSKJKWWOM2R3Q/
https://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/125597501/group-of-hells-angels-members-arrested-after-alleged-assault-in-rotorua
https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/125609394/33-hells-angels-gang-members-arrested-after-rotorua-assault

https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/drug-busts-hells-angels-member-caught-with-500k-of-meth-pistol-and-cash/XAZ6XK7I6RT24QTM2R4K7YPKEA/

https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/crime/300730818/hells-angels-rules-on-meth-use-and-dealing-not-always-applied-police-say

===Norway===
The next Norwegian Hells Angels charters were formed in [[Oslo]] and [[Stavanger]] on 14 September 1996.<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

<ref name="Bad Boy Uli">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=VdSWdu0Sa3AC&pg=PT61&lpg=PT61&dq=hells+angels+fresno+2000&source=bl&ots=2Vkt8ZBKU9&sig=ACfU3U2i96DygVFtpY9cQLq-J7yBaqQwjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi1vdf9qfD7AhWHdcAKHbHpBTo4ChDoAXoECB4QAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20fresno%202000&f=false|isbn=9780960271801|title=Bad Boy Uli - Ik was een Hells Angel|date=15 January 2013|publisher=Meulenhoff Boekerij B.V.|author=Uli Detrois}}</ref>



<ref name="Preventing organised crime originating from outlaw motorcycle clubs">[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-017-9322-7 Preventing organised crime originating from outlaw motorcycle clubs] Tore Bjørgo, [[Springer Science+Business Media]] (30 October 2017) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504203720/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-017-9322-7 |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Norway

<ref name="Policing bikers: confrontation or dialogue?">[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-018-9346-7 Policing bikers: confrontation or dialogue?] Paul Larsson, [[Springer Science+Business Media]] (11 June 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220504204933/https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-018-9346-7 |date=4 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Norway

<ref name="Selvmord etter 475 døgn i isolat">[https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/m6RWn0/selvmord-etter-475-doegn-i-isolat Selvmord etter 475 døgn i isolat] ''[[Verdens Gang]]'' (25 February 2003) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508192212/https://www.vg.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/m6RWn0/selvmord-etter-475-doegn-i-isolat |date=8 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Norway

<ref name="Selvmord etter 475 døgn i isolat">[https://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/M7mqE/selvmord-etter-475-doegn-i-isolat Selvmord etter 475 døgn i isolat] ''[[Bergens Tidende]]'' (8 June 2001) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508193241/https://www.bt.no/nyheter/innenriks/i/M7mqE/selvmord-etter-475-doegn-i-isolat |date=8 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Norway

<ref name="Hells Angels-mann syk av varetekt">[https://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/i/wrWBM/hells-angels-mann-syk-av-varetekt Hells Angels-mann syk av varetekt] Ingunn Røren, ''[[Bergens Tidende]]'' (30 April 2002) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220508193544/https://www.bt.no/nyheter/lokalt/i/wrWBM/hells-angels-mann-syk-av-varetekt |date=8 May 2022 }}</ref> HA Norway

https://www.cleveland.com/metro/2019/07/fired-cleveland-cop-was-known-associate-of-norwegian-chapter-of-the-hells-angels-records-say.html HA Norway

On 16 July 1989, two members of the Bronx MC were stabbed by Hells Angels in Trondheim.<ref>[https://www.adressa.no/forbruker/article330828.ece Bandidosmedlem narko-tatt] ''[[Adresseavisen]]'' (24 October 2000)</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20240907222140/https://www.aftenbladet.no/innenriks/i/0o86o/mc-krim-rogaland

===Spain===
https://www.euroweeklynews.com/2021/10/10/three-hells-angels-gang-members-arrested-in-marbella/

https://www.upi.com/Top_News/World-News/2014/01/16/Nine-Hells-Angels-members-sentenced-in-Spain/91161389888316/

https://www.upi.com/Nine-Hells-Angels-members-sentenced-in-Spain/91161389888316/

https://news.sky.com/story/spain-hells-angels-arrested-in-cocaine-bust-10434353

https://web.archive.org/web/20130726231202/https://news.sky.com/story/1119872/hells-angels-boss-held-in-majorca-sting

https://spainnews.madridmetropolitan.com/2020/08/26/hells-angles-gang-arrested-in-drugs-swoop/

https://www.telegraf.rs/english/3229144-video-of-the-search-of-a-den-where-famous-serbian-was-dogs-help-find-drugs-and-money

https://www.surinenglish.com/20090421/news/costasol-malaga/arrests-hell-angels-raft-200904211952.html

https://euroweeklynews.com/2022/02/14/nine-arrests-among-hells-angels-sending-anabolics-from-costa-del-sol-to-finland/

===Sweden===
Subsequent chapters was founded in [[Helsingborg]] on 27 February 1996, [[Stockholm]] on 27 February 1997, [[Länna]] ("Eastside") on 28 August 1998, and [[Gothenburg]] on 15 May 1999.<ref name="Bad Boy Uli"/>

https://www.upi.com/Hells-Angels-trial-opens-in-Sweden/12951349271979/

===Switzerland===
The first Hells Angels chapter in mainland Europe was formed in [[Zürich]] on 20 December 1970.<ref>[https://www.limmattalerzeitung.ch/limmattal/zuerich/der-dichter-spendete-den-hells-angels-das-flugticket-117292176 Der Dichter spendete den Hells Angels das Flugticket] Christian Bütikofe, ''[[Limmattaler Zeitung]]'' (11 December 2011)</ref>

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/08/12/Hells-Angels-seized-in-police-swoop/5726429508800/

Reinhard Lutz, a member of the Zürich Hells Angels, became a fugitive wanted for trafficking 100 kilograms of cocaine, worth $5 million. Police theorized that Lutz fled to Brazil, where he was horbaroed by the club's [[Rio de Janeiro]] chapter.<ref name="Hells Angels’ devilish business">[https://fortune.com/2012/12/02/the-hells-angels-devilish-business-fortune-1992/ The Hells Angels’ devilish business] Andrew E. Serwer, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' (November 30, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/I3I2Y#selection-475.0-475.35 |date=October 13, 2020 }}</ref><ref name="Gangland Britain"/>

A six-year investigation of the Zürich Hells Angels by the [[Federal Office of Police]] cleared the chapter of being a criminal organization in December 2010. The investigation, which began in 2004, did, however, result in five members being charged with racketeering, drug trafficking and attempted kidnapping.<ref>[https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/zurich-hells-angels-are--not-a-crime-syndicate-/29139550 Zurich Hells Angels are "not a crime syndicate"] [[Swissinfo]] (30 December 2010)</ref> In September 2012, the former chapter president received a two-year suspended prison sentence for transporting and dealing marijuana, attempted blackmail, illegal restraint and kidnapping, a [[Lausanne]]-based club member received a ten-month suspended prison sentence for helping transport marijuana, a third member received a suspended fine of [[Swiss franc|CHF]]7,200 ([[United States dollar|$]]7,751) for attempted kidnapping and illegal restraint, while charged were dropped against a fourth man. The drug charges related to the harvesting and selling a portion of a crop of several hundred kilograms of cannabis in [[Aarberg]].<ref>[https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/long-running-case-_hells-angels-sentenced-over-string-of-offences/33544386 Hells Angels sentenced over string of offences] [[Swissinfo]] (18 September 2012)</ref>

===UK===
Clive Olive
http://www.blackkalendar.nl/c/9154/Brian%20Steven%20Moore
https://web.archive.org/web/20221211004905/https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/13503458.from-hells-angel-murder-to-the-botched-dome-heist-renowned-barrister-tells-of-his-50-years-at-the-bar/
https://www.brightonandhovenews.org/2016/03/13/10-crimes-and-misdemeanours-that-shocked-brighton-and-hove/
https://www.theargus.co.uk/news/13649666.tributes-paid-to-retired-top-cop-who-helped-solve-hells-angel-murder/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-guardian-hells-angels/95911218/

Big Al
https://www.camdennewjournal.co.uk/article/hells-angels-to-build-harley-for-big-al

Wolverhampton
https://web.archive.org/web/20230120235011/https://www.expressandstar.com/news/local-hubs/wolverhampton/2023/01/18/eventful-past-of-the-lodge-hells-angels-base-in-leafy-suburb-of-wolverhampton/

===Brandes===
<ref name="Wives of Hells Angels members lose bid">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/03/23/The-wives-of-three-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-club-members/7696448866000/ Wives of Hells Angels members lose bid to sue Playboy Magazine] [[United Press International]] (March 23, 1984) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/5t1PU#selection-479.5-479.100 |date=November 27, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Organized Crime in America">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf Organized Crime in America] p. 366 [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921165901/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf |date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>

===Carrol===
<ref name="The Fugitive: Hells Angels Hit Man David “The Wolf” Carroll Still On Run From The Law 20 Years Later">[https://gangsterreport.com/the-fugitive-hells-angels-hit-man-david-the-wolf-carroll-still-on-run-from-the-law-20-years-later/ The Fugitive: Hells Angels Hit Man David “The Wolf” Carroll Still On Run From The Law 20 Years Later] Scott Burnstein, GangsterReport.com March 26, 2021 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217000756/https://gangsterreport.com/the-fugitive-hells-angels-hit-man-david-the-wolf-carroll-still-on-run-from-the-law-20-years-later/ |date=February 17, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="David Carrol - Quebec's 10 Most Wanted Criminals">[https://www.10criminelsrecherches.qc.ca/pages/carrol_david/en_profile.html David Carrol - Quebec's 10 Most Wanted Criminals] 10criminelsrecherches.qc.ca 
 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217001418/https://www.10criminelsrecherches.qc.ca/pages/carrol_david/en_profile.html |date=17 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hunt for killer 'Wolf' - bad bikie lying low">[https://www.smh.com.au/national/hunt-for-killer-wolf--bad-bikie-lying-low-20100708-101nz.html Hunt for killer 'Wolf' - bad bikie lying low] ''[[The Sydney Morning Herald]]'' 8 July 2010 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217001838/https://www.smh.com.au/national/hunt-for-killer-wolf--bad-bikie-lying-low-20100708-101nz.html |date=17 February 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="One of world's most wanted has NZ link">[https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/one-of-worlds-most-wanted-has-nz-link/OW6JTSTB7YZO62K2GG2IPOLFXY/ One of world's most wanted has NZ link] Alanah May Eriksen, ''[[The New Zealand Herald]]'' 7 July 2010 {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220217002136/https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/one-of-worlds-most-wanted-has-nz-link/OW6JTSTB7YZO62K2GG2IPOLFXY/ |date=17 February 2022 }}</ref>

===Crouch===
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-akron-beacon-journal/41021073/?locale=en-GB

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/10/28/The-Hells-Angels-national-treasurer-has-been-acquitted-of/7391436161600/

<ref name="Organized Crime in America">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf Organized Crime in America] p. 409 [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921165901/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf |date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Last Ride">[https://www.clevescene.com/news/red-all-over-a-former-cleveland-hells-angel-and-confidential-informants-path-from-destruction-to-redemption-and-back-3674079?showFullText=true The Last Ride of a Cleveland Hells Angel Informant] Vince Grzegorek, ''[[Cleveland Scene]]'' (October 9, 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/xAyzB |date=November 12, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Relative Unknown">[https://uk.finance.yahoo.com/news/relative-unknown-wild-true-story-190307017.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAF9z5tD70ukN3dYBgHJI_r6DPAGlWBdbKv4qqEFWmXV9hpaePawe2ZIVlP0U-2vt3esWs62wbxz9UzwRNzfjXgDeYHXnvyJK4khbih2jD7Ygm_9f_OyPYMFs3WCgqFbJLIB-x1M4yLT0mhUTmItSNCmnr8AIs2Bfymt_1gl3zZfW ‘Relative Unknown’: Wild True Story Of Hell’s Angels, Murder & Witness Protection Set As Podcast Series From C13Originals] Peter White, [[Yahoo!]] (August 10, 2020) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/S1ts5 |date=November 12, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Killer Dad">[https://theforumnews.com/article-4232-killer-dad.html Killer Dad] Mary Ann Van Osdell, theforumnews.com (May 3, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221112194844/https://theforumnews.com/article-4232-killer-dad.html |date=November 12, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell's Angel trial continues">[https://dks.library.kent.edu/cgi-bin/kentstate?a=d&d=dks19821028-01.2.5&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN------- Hell's Angel trial continues] ''[[Daily Kent Stater]]'' (October 28, 1982) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/LfQjk |date=November 12, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/03/04/Former-Hells-Angel-says-gang-will-kill-Jagger/5414415602000/

https://web.archive.org/web/20210524221443/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/03/03/A-convicted-killer-testified-Thursday-the-Hells-Angels-motorcEle/9271415515600/

https://web.archive.org/web/20210525223839/http://iowaunsolvedmurders.com/beyond-1965-selected-unsolved-iowa-murders/death-on-the-way-to-sturgis-murder-of-james-m-bailey-jr-1975/

https://web.archive.org/web/20210612230040/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1983/10/28/The-Hells-Angels-national-treasurer-has-been-acquitted-of/7391436161600/

https://archive.ph/yTmvr

https://archive.ph/Gad7c

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41093415/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://web.archive.org/web/20130722220310/https://www.ksla.com/story/22888884/daughter-blames-us-marshals-service-for-marion-co-murder-suicide/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41025561/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41006701/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41018713/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41021073/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41019899/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41034100/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/153825151/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/41004729/the-akron-beacon-journal/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221121214458/https://gangsterreport.com/the-rolling-stones-vs-the-hells-angels-mick-jagger-dodged-murder-contract-from-mad-bikers-in-1970s/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=oSQEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PT43&lpg=PT43&dq=clarence+crouch+mick+jagger&source=bl&ots=TDOFqBdRyh&sig=ACfU3U0w1beCNUyxFb6pGU8qijKHJyRQbw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjmt5_w6ab9AhUUhFwKHes3AAYQ6AF6BAgtEAM#v=onepage&q=clarence%20crouch%20mick%20jagger&f=false

===Garrett===
<ref name="Secrets of the Hells Angels">{{cite episode |title = The Killing of Margo Compton |series = Secrets of the Hells Angels |series-link = |network = [[A&E (TV network)|A&E]] |date = April 28, 2024 |season = 1 |number = 3 }}</ref>

Garrett was a well-respected Hells Angel in the club's Nomads chapter in Vallejo who was a senior member in the Bay Area with links to [[Sonny Barger]]. He was an ambitious, ruthless and dangerous criminal involved in drug dealing and prostitution.

In prison, Garrett became a member of the [[Aryan Brotherhood]]. As the Hells Angels controlled the methamphetamine trade on the streets, the Aryan Brotherhood oversaw the distribution of the drug in prison. Garrett was a major supplier of the drug in prison.

Compton often refused to have sex with clients, resulting in beatings from Garrett. When Compton attempted to leave, Garrett told her she was $5,000 in his debt for rent, and the providing of food and clothing for the girls.

On November 10, 1977, Garrett was sentenced to two years in state prison for pandering. He was released on September 15, 1979.

In the years following his release from prison, Garrett became a major producer of methamphetamine. He was "a kingpin" of the methamphetamine trade in San Francisco, according to Howard Kohn of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine, and owned a ranch outside the city.

When Thompson was summoned to a meeting with the associate warden and captain of Corcoran state prison, who were Hells Angels associates, and warned that if he testified, his wife would be killed. Thompson subsequently called Sonny Barger, who denied any knowledge of the plan and ordered a halt to the threats.

Garrett remained a member of the Hells Angels until his death in prison in 2017.

<ref name="Secrets of the Hells Angels"/>


===Harris===
https://www.eyeonspain.com/blogs/normanparker/8460/on-the-side-of-the-angels.aspx

===LoFranco===
'''John LoFranco''' born (June 28, 1954) is an American [[outlaw biker]] and former [[professional boxer]] who

https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/23/nyregion/23ink.html

https://www.nydailynews.com/sports/more-sports/golden-gloves-1980s-article-1.1890994

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4JdNDwAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA1982&lpg=RA3-PA1982&dq=john+lofranco+boxer&source=bl&ots=XaL7oelQu5&sig=ACfU3U11H55KPK9HEV5npArSGOw7rNoVjQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjX9vqU2Jr8AhWMUMAKHZXGBIg4ChDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=john%20lofranco%20boxer&f=false

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1995/11/01/Hells-Angel-challenges-parole-clause/7385815202000/

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1996/09/26/Arguments-in-Hells-Angels-parole-case/7619843710400/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/986/796/1459275/

https://groups.google.com/g/ont.general/c/9EjI9npQRJg

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/783/783.F2d.38.-1417.-1416.-1415.-1414.-1407.html

===Owen===
{{Short description|American outlaw biker (1944-2016)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name               = Kenneth Owen
| image              = 
| alt                = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption            = 
| birth_name         = Kenneth Jay Owen
| birth_date         = {{circa}} {{Birth year|1944}}
| birth_place        = [[Oakland, California]], U.S.
| death_date         = {{Death date and age|2016|07|04|1944||}}
| death_place        = Oakland, California, U.S.
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = "K.O."
| occupation         = {{hlist|[[Outlaw biker]]|[[gangster]]|[[drug manufacturer]]}}
| years_active       = 1968–2016
| known_for          = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| allegiance         = [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]] (1968–2016)
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
}}
'''Kennth Jay "Kenny" Owen''' ({{circa}} 1944 – July 4, 2016) was an American [[outlaw biker]] and [[gangster]] who was a senior member of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]] in the [[San Francisco Bay Area]] and who was considered the world's leading manufacturer of [[methamphetamine]].

==== Hells Angels ====
Owen joined the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] around 1968.<ref name="Masters of Menace">[https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/hells-angels-masters-of-menace-84148/ Hell's Angels: Masters of Menace] Howard Kohn, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' (April 5, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706181532/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/hells-angels-masters-of-menace-84148/ |date=July 6, 2022 }}</ref> Howard Kohn of ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' magazine described Owen as a man with "a tall boxer’s physique — taut and virile as a Greek statue — and a fierce, untamed mass of black curls and beard, but his eyes are unfocused and his manner seems turbid".<ref name="Masters of Menace"/>

In the late 1970s, Owen was among the three main lieutenants of [[Sonny Barger]] in the Oakland chapter, along with James "Jim-Jim" Brandes and Sergey Walton.<ref name="Masters of Menace"/>

<ref name="41 Years">[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-10-mn-1536-story.html Hells Angel Gets 41 Years in Drug Case] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (September 10, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220526221155/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-10-mn-1536-story.html |date=May 26, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Drug Charges">[https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Drug-Stolen-Property-Charges-Against-Hell-s-3037344.php Drug, Stolen Property Charges Against Hell's Angel's Wife] Stephen Schwarz, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (April 11, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210507154825/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/Drug-Stolen-Property-Charges-Against-Hell-s-3037344.php |date=May 7, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="Devilish business">[https://fortune.com/2012/12/02/the-hells-angels-devilish-business-fortune-1992/ The Hells Angels’ devilish business] Andrew E. Serwer, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' (November 30, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/I3I2Y#selection-475.0-475.35 |date=October 13, 2020 }}</ref>

<ref name="Organized Crime in America">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf Organized Crime in America] p. 366 [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921165901/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf |date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="U.S. v. Owen">[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/972/1346/177907/ United States of America v. Kenneth Owen] [[Justia]] (September 20, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021191600/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/972/1346/177907/ |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Contra Costa men lose appeal">[https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/04/01/contra-costa-men-lose-appeal-in-large-scale-meth-trafficking-case-one-defendant-argued-he-needed-money-for-sons-pending-murder-case/ Contra Costa men lose appeal in large-scale meth trafficking case; one defendant argued he needed money for son’s pending murder case] Nate Gartrell, ''[[The Mercury News]]'' (April 1, 2021) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021192113/https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/04/01/contra-costa-men-lose-appeal-in-large-scale-meth-trafficking-case-one-defendant-argued-he-needed-money-for-sons-pending-murder-case/ |date=October 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Opening arguments delivered">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1980/10/14/Opening-arguments-were-delivered-Tuesday-in-the-second-racketeering/2940340344000/ Opening arguments delivered in Hells Angels trial] Lidia Wasowicz, [[United Press International]] (October 14, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/breMQ |date=October 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="No Speed Limit">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=qUmzAAAAQBAJ&pg=PT147&lpg=PT147&dq=kenny+owen+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=GCUeWXHU7u&sig=ACfU3U3PCMMKOfZCGrRCw-mRA4_B_NusOw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj35I_A7oeCAxVRh_0HHZXlDgs4FBDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=kenny%20owen%20hells%20angels&f=false|author=Frank Owen|isbn=9780312356163|title=No Speed Limit: The Highs and Lows of Meth|date=July 24, 2007|publisher=St. Martin's Press}}</ref>

<ref name="Jury deliberates">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/02/11/Jury-deliberates-second-hells-angels-trial/2924350715600/ Jury deliberates second Hells Angels trial] Spencer Sherman, [[United Press International]] (February 11, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/6pfnu |date=October 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels trial sent to jury">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/02/10/Hells-angels-trial-sent-to-jury/5904350629200/ Hells Angels trial sent to jury] Spencer Sherman, [[United Press International]] (February 10, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/ZY12B |date=October 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="New trial delayed">[https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-hells-angel-t/26030168/ New Hells Angel trial delayed] ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' (September 9, 1980) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021205007/https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner-hells-angel-t/26030168/ |date=October 21, 2023 }}</ref>

<ref name="Fugitive Captured">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12hHAwjxXgYC&pg=PA546&lpg=PA546&dq=kenneth+owen+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=NkjCPe6FK1&sig=ACfU3U0MY2O1gGLecP0WfgBIpzmNCMHTwg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy7uuO-IeCAxV6yLsIHWbvDfc4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=kenneth%20owen%20hells%20angels&f=false Fugitive Hells Angel Is Captured] William Cooney, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (May 29, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231021205934/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12hHAwjxXgYC&pg=PA546&lpg=PA546&dq=kenneth+owen+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=NkjCPe6FK1&sig=ACfU3U0MY2O1gGLecP0WfgBIpzmNCMHTwg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy7uuO-IeCAxV6yLsIHWbvDfc4ChDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=kenneth%20owen%20hells%20angels&f=false |date=October 21, 2023 }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/460942569/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/santa-cruz-sentinel/67656920/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-san-francisco-examiner/58486844/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/516503198/

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=1010279%3Amsl231289&sort=paper-date-desc

https://www.mansonblog.com/2022/11/the-process-gypsy-jokers-and-ed-sanders.html

==== Death ====
Owen was released from prison on July 9, 2004.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/ |title=Federal Inmate Locator |publisher=Federal Bureau of Prisons |quote=BoP Register Number 82736-011 |accessdate=October 21, 2023}}</ref> He continued to reside in Oakland, where he died on July 4, 2016. Owen was survived by his wife, Debbie, and three daughters.<ref name="Obituary">[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/eastbaytimes/name/kenneth-owen-obituary?id=9195118 Kenneth Owen obituary] ''[[East Bay Times]]'' (July 10, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211108082903/https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/eastbaytimes/name/kenneth-owen-obituary?id=9195118 |date=November 8, 2021 }}</ref>

==== References ====
{{reflist}}

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:1944 births]]
[[:Category:2016 deaths]]
[[:Category:20th-century American criminals]]
[[:Category:American crime bosses]]
[[:Category:American drug traffickers]]
[[:Category:American male criminals]]
[[:Category:American people convicted of drug offenses]]
[[:Category:American prisoners and detainees]]
[[:Category:Criminals of the San Francisco Bay Area]]
[[:Category:People from Oakland, California]]
[[:Category:People from Vallejo, California]]
[[:Category:Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government]]

===Walton===
'''Sergey Clement Walton''' (October 17, 1944 — October 19, 2006) was an American [[outlaw biker]] and [[gangster]] who served as the president of the [[Oakland, California]] chapter of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]].

<ref name="Masters of Menace">[https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/hells-angels-masters-of-menace-84148/ Hell's Angels: Masters of Menace] Howard Kohn, ''[[Rolling Stone]]'' (April 5, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220706181532/https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/hells-angels-masters-of-menace-84148/ |date=July 6, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels profile">[https://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/law-order/what-makes-the-worlds-biggest-outlaw-bikie-gang-tick-we-examine-the-hells-angels-in-this-profile/news-story/4f91847a76dcdc822bfac333c14cfa5e?amp&nk=69156a5686a92b2e3034400e3462c024-1669413723 What makes the world's biggest outlaw bikie gang tick? We examine the Hells Angels in this profile] Tom Minear and Monique Hore, ''[[Herald Sun]]'' (10 September 2012) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/Ev4AQ#selection-617.0-617.27 |date=November 25, 2012 }}</ref>

<ref name="Going to war with the Hells Angels">[https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/going-to-war-with-the-hells-angels-how-speed-became-big-in-australia-20191023-p533e3.html Going to war with the Hells Angels: how speed became big in Australia] John Silvester, ''[[The Age]]'' (October 25, 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/u3wa1#selection-2621.0-2628.0 |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Dirty Laundry">[https://www.sfsdhistory.com/firstperson/dirty-laundry-and-the-escape-of-a-hells-angel  Dirty Laundry and the Escape of a Hells Angel] sfsdhistory.com {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125214213/https://www.sfsdhistory.com/firstperson/dirty-laundry-and-the-escape-of-a-hells-angel |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Grand jury probe">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1981/04/04/Grand-jury-probes-possible-50000-bribe-in-Hells-Angel-escape/4592355208400/ Grand jury probes possible $50,000 bribe in Hells Angel escape] [[United Press International]] (April 4, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/4cVWo |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="When Jailbirds Sing">[https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/When-Jailbirds-Sing-It-was-the-pure-savagery-of-3018647.php When Jailbirds Sing] Kevin Fagan, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (December 3, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125215204/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/When-Jailbirds-Sing-It-was-the-pure-savagery-of-3018647.php |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="People v. Mosqueda">[https://casetext.com/case/people-v-mosqueda-20 The People v. Carlos Juan Mosqueda] casetext.com (February 8, 2010) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125215620/https://casetext.com/case/people-v-mosqueda-20 |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Fugitive captured">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12hHAwjxXgYC&pg=PA546&lpg=PA546&dq=sergey+walton&source=bl&ots=NkgEKd3FJY&sig=ACfU3U3kZvzJFEY7yMhseq2vJJB5eFv6vg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZhvLtjMr7AhUVRsAKHWp-A_c4ChDoAXoECBEQAw#v=onepage&q=sergey%20walton&f=false Fugitive Hells Angel is captured] William Cooney, ''[[San GFrancisco Chronicle]]'' (May 29, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125220519/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=12hHAwjxXgYC&pg=PA546&lpg=PA546&dq=sergey+walton&source=bl&ots=NkgEKd3FJY&sig=ACfU3U3kZvzJFEY7yMhseq2vJJB5eFv6vg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZhvLtjMr7AhUVRsAKHWp-A_c4ChDoAXoECBEQAw#v=onepage&q=sergey%20walton&f=false |date=November 25, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Case Against Harley's Angels">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1979/10/26/the-case-against-harleys-angels/c58e8ea6-8fcf-49c1-b6b8-b3ee5f62ccf3/ The Case Against Harley's Angels] Cynthia Gorney, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (October 26, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://archive.ph/RD8N1#selection-765.0-765.16 |date=November 13, 2022}}</ref>

<ref name="Hells Angels fugitive">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58486844/the-san-francisco-examiner/ Sergey Walton, Hells Angels fugitive, nabbed in Santa Cruz] ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' (May 28, 1981) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225706/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58486844/the-san-francisco-examiner/ |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Death Scene">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58485524/oakland-tribune/ Death Scene Told at Angel Trial] Del Lane, ''[[Oakland Tribune]]'' (November 22, 1972) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125225953/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58485524/oakland-tribune/ |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-Angel testifies">[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/460998749/ Ex-Angel testifies on dope deals] Tom Hall, ''[[San Francisco Examiner]]'' (October 19, 1979) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125230443/https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/460998749/ |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Cash Connection">[http://simson.net/ref/databasenation/1995.ElectronicMoney/1995.PCOC.OrganizedCrimeFinancialInstitutionsMoneyLaundering.pdf The Cash Connection] [[President's Commission on Organized Crime]] (May 4, 1995) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221125231945/http://simson.net/ref/databasenation/1995.ElectronicMoney/1995.PCOC.OrganizedCrimeFinancialInstitutionsMoneyLaundering.pdf |date=November 25, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Organized Crime in America">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf Organized Crime in America] p. 366 [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210921165901/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf |date=September 21, 2021 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>



https://www.google.com/search?q=sergey+walton+oakland&ei=QTqBY9TwCeKEhbIPksKj8A4&start=10&sa=N&ved=2ahUKEwiUlZPZqcr7AhViQkEAHRLhCO4Q8tMDegQIARAG&biw=1536&bih=746&dpr=1.25

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58485524/oakland-tribune/

https://newspaperarchive.com/san-rafael-daily-independent-journal-may-29-1972-p-3/

https://www.courtlistener.com/docket/5717653/united-states-v-walton/

https://archive.org/stream/HellsAngels/hellsang2b_djvu.txt

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52145615/oakland-tribune/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/102996138/the-san-francisco-examiner/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13090307/the-facts/

===Zito===
<ref name="Gatti, Angels, OZ">{{cite web |url=http://bikernews.org/wtn/news.php?extend.933 |title=Gatti, Angels, Oz and Chuck Zito |author=Amy Green |publisher=The Sweet Science |date=July 24, 2006 |access-date=January 3, 2023 |archive-url=https://archive.ph/bpg8X |archive-date=January 3, 2023}}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

http://www.getbig.com/boards/index.php?topic=128092.0

http://bikernews.org/wtn/news.php?extend.933

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/492047275/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/465698615/

<ref name="New York tough guy">[https://www.grinbergnews.com/chuck-zito-tough-guy/ Chuck Zito: Inside the life of a New York tough guy] grinbergnews.com (January 26, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221230000520/https://www.grinbergnews.com/chuck-zito-tough-guy/ |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Biker and beer lover">[https://www.silive.com/dining/2022/08/for-the-biker-and-beer-lover-chuck-zito-brings-his-rydz-brew-to-si.html For the biker and beer lover, Chuck Zito brings his ‘Rydz’ brew to S.I.] Pamela Silvestri, ''[[Staten Island Advance]]'' (August 17, 2022) {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/477822596/

https://nypost.com/2000/11/03/feed-these-slime-balls-to-the-prison-dogs/

https://nypost.com/2012/03/07/concrete-jungle/

https://nypost.com/2009/08/01/gatti-family-and-friends-seek-justice/

https://www.badlefthook.com/2009/7/16/951489/gattis-wife-releases-statement-to

https://pagesix.com/2009/07/24/no-canada-for-zito/

https://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=4326698

https://nypost.com/1999/10/05/jim-carreyd-away-as-kaufman/

https://nypost.com/2004/06/04/hells-angel-dies-as-bike-hits-road-rut/

https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/Street_Justice.html?id=xKMseFs5xqYC&redir_esc=y

https://www.tvanouvelles.ca/2011/09/24/arturo-netait-pas-un-junkie---chuck-zito

https://www.ringnews24.com/2017/06/17/atlantic-city-boxing-hall-fame-inducts-24-charter-class-members/

https://www.nj.com/hudson/2009/07/gatti_wife_says_im_innocent_of.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/30783986/2002/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/475624213/

https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/business/business-news/sons-anarchy-kurt-sutter-fx-win-lawsuit-274294/

https://jimgoad.net/zito.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221228205312/http://www.ugo.com/lifestyle/guys-you-dont-want-to-f-with.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221228205432/https://www.howardstern.com/show/2008/11/11/and-ralph-makes-three-rundownshow-788/

https://www.upi.com/Entertainment_News/2006/03/30/HBO-bases-series-on-Hells-Angels/16301143752448/

https://www.aftonbladet.se/nojesbladet/a/wPM631/hells-angels-bossens-vilda-liv

https://www.howardstern.com/show/2011/12/06/zito-does-time-time-doesnt-do-zito-rundowngallerymodel-1306/

https://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/gossip/charlie-sheen-warlock-week-street-fight-sparring-chuck-zito-plans-top-secret-tattoo-article-1.115037

https://www.tmz.com/2012/01/01/chuck-zito-tattoo-vault/

https://www.firstshowing.net/2019/first-trailer-for-low-budget-mafia-heist-thriller-vault-set-in-the-1970s/

https://www.tmz.com/2018/01/05/chuck-zito-threatens-donald-trump-haters/

https://pagesix.com/2018/08/13/sons-of-anarchy-star-wears-his-feelings-about-trump-and-more-star-snaps/

==Hessians MC==
https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=250543%3Aempireweldfab

==Highwaymen MC==
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25042413/detroit-free-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9377726/arrests-made-in-march-1976-bombing/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/62391014/detroit-free-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/99694062/

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/detroit/press-releases/2009/de051409.htm

https://eu.freep.com/story/news/local/michigan/detroit/2017/04/29/detroit-highwaymen-motorcycle-club/99123456/

https://eu.detroitnews.com/story/news/local/detroit-city/2021/12/22/highwaymen-club-detroit-faces-eviction-over-part-clubhouse/8990260002/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220121052635/https://gangsterreport.com/running-on-empty-troubles-at-highwaymen-mc-hq-in-detroit-nothing-new-clubhouse-went-ablaze-in-99-after-alleged-execution/

https://archive.ph/86y2P

==Iron Horsemen MC==
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = Iron Horsemen MC
| image             = 
| image_size        =  
| caption           = 
| founded           = 1960s
| founder           = 
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Cincinnati, Ohio|Cincinnati]], Ohio, United States
| years_active      = 1960s–''present''
| territory         = 
| ethnicity         = 
| membership_est    = 
| leaders           = 
| activities        = [[Drug trafficking]], [[auto theft]]
| allies            = [[Hells Angels]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135&lpg=PT135&dq=sons+of+silence+iron+horsemen+allies&source=bl&ots=TzB5zDUlSk&sig=ACfU3U1yPpNoUVkVsqV5CkSf_6TFBxiVSQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9cm69KnoAhVzQxUIHcL-ANkQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=sons%20of%20silence%20iron%20horsemen%20allies&f=false ''Gangs and Organized Crime''] George W. Knox, Gregg Etter, Carter F. Smith (2019)</ref> <br> [[Sons of Silence]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/> <br> [[Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Pennsylvania)|Warlocks]]<ref name="Angels in Disguise?">[https://mycitypaper.com/articles/2003-08-07/cb5.shtml Angels in Disguise?] Brendan McGarvey, ''My City Paper'' (August 7, 2003)</ref>
| rivals            = [[Bandidos]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/> <br> [[Black Pistons Motorcycle Club|Black Pistons]]<ref name="Angels in Disguise?"/> <br> [[Highwaymen Motorcycle Club|Highwaymen]] <br> [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/>
| notable_members   = 
}}

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=gMMToBU2qr&sig=ACfU3U3qfK3Yg4YdeEBUeZ0KZOPaGFfe0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCAQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

https://www.google.com/search?q=iron+horsemen+newspapers.com&ei=LpXoYNGmEJHrgAbM2oWQAg&oq=iron+horsemen+newspapers.com&gs_lcp=Cgdnd3Mtd2l6EAM6BwgAEEcQsAM6EQgAELADEIoDELcDENQDEOUCOgQIABBDOggIABCxAxCDAToLCC4QsQMQxwEQowI6CggAEJECEEYQ-QE6BQgAEJECOgcILhCxAxBDOgcIABCxAxBDOgUILhCxAzoCCAA6CAguELEDEJMCOggILhDHARCvAToFCAAQsQM6CwguEMcBEK8BEJMCOgIILjoFCAAQyQM6BggAEBYQHjoICAAQFhAKEB46BQghEKABOgYIABANEB46CAgAEAgQDRAeSgQIQRgAULGiAli6hANgqogDaAVwAngAgAGkB4gByx-SAQsxNy4xMi4xLjYtMZgBAKABAaoBB2d3cy13aXrIAQrAAQE&sclient=gws-wiz&ved=0ahUKEwjR9cTyztbxAhWRNcAKHUxtASIQ4dUDCA4&uact=5

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/107320667/ 3 Anderson men charged in alleged burglary ring] ''[[The Indianapolis Star]]'' (May 22, 1999)</ref>

<ref>[https://newspaperarchive.com/anderson-herald-bulletin-nov-10-1999-p-1/ Two more sentenced for motorcycle thefts] Ron Wilkins, ''[[The Herald Bulletin]]'' (November 10, 1999)</ref>

<ref>[https://local12.com/news/local/swat-team-raids-iron-horsemen-location SWAT team raids Iron Horsemen location]</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230828233248/https://www.denverpost.com/2006/02/25/iron-horsemen-of-apocalypse-no-i-con/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230828233633/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/oct/18/meth-ring-leader-gets-24-years/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230828233547/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2003/09/18/motorcycle-clubs-fuel-fears-of-gang-violence/6e3a69d9-cd97-4c84-9032-4dfe19014ad0/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230828233954/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/06/14/two-found-guilty-of-assault-in-attack-on-biker-who-died/920b31a6-1e28-409d-a0f0-8143c68e8c60/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230828234003/https://www.fox19.com/story/13187453/former-i/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230828234243/https://www.fox19.com/story/13204414/police-to-hold-briefing-on-police-involved-shooting-with-motorcycle-club/

https://web.archive.org/save/https://www.cincinnati.com/story/news/crime/ky-courts/2014/06/26/detroit-highwaymen-iron-horsemen-firebomb/11423065/

https://www.hotcars.com/true-story-behind-iron-horsemen-motorcycle-club/

https://www.businessinsider.com/interview-with-iron-horsemen-biker-2013-9?r=US&IR=T

https://web.archive.org/web/20230102231504/https://mycitypaper.com/articles/2003-08-07/cb5.shtml

https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1997/oct/18/meth-ring-leader-gets-24-years/

https://eu.cincinnati.com/story/news/local/boone-county/2017/12/14/drugs-motorcycles-guns-prison/952732001/

https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/divisions/det/2008/detroit062608p.html

https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/divisions/det/2007/detroit090707p.html

https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-shaffer-29

https://casetext.com/case/united-states-v-shaffer-29

https://www.eaglecountryonline.com/news/local-news/florence-iron-horsemen-leader-imprisoned-for-35-years/

https://eu.fosters.com/story/news/crime/2009/05/19/members-iron-horsemen-motorcycle-club/51990594007/

https://www.wymt.com/content/news/Police-Four-motorcycle-gang-members-face-weapons-drug-charges-392263271.html

https://eu.providencejournal.com/story/news/2016/09/03/ri-state-police-charge-4-members-of-iron-horsemen-motorcycle-club-with-weapons-drug-offenses/25525751007/

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4300/meth.htm

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs3/3138/meth.htm

https://www.bangordailynews.com/2016/09/12/news/ex-bikers-club-president-gets-nearly-16-years-for-role-in-cocaine-ring/

http://www.steel-horse-news.com/Articals/IronHorse.htm

https://www.timesargus.com/news/19-charged-in-drug-sweep-targeting-motorcycle-club/article_708dda65-e19e-51b4-a55c-815f8bea6f7d.html

Ohio<ref name="''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/108043NCJRS.pdf ''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''] [[National Criminal Justice Reference Service]] (1986)</ref>

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1982&dat=19790831&id=q2JGAAAAIBAJ&sjid=zCwNAAAAIBAJ&pg=5190,3852385

https://www.baltimoresun.com/citypaper/bcp-blog-17353-20130620-story.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20220324172717/https://www.baltimoresun.com/citypaper/bcp-blog-17353-20130620-story.html

https://thebaynet.com/one-of-biker-gang-members-did-prison-time-for-similar-attack-html/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1998/06/14/two-found-guilty-of-assault-in-attack-on-biker-who-died/920b31a6-1e28-409d-a0f0-8143c68e8c60/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/2003/09/18/motorcycle-clubs-fuel-fears-of-gang-violence/6e3a69d9-cd97-4c84-9032-4dfe19014ad0/

http://answers.google.com/answers/threadview/id/292189.html

https://www.baltimoresun.com/citypaper/bcp-blog-17353-20130620-story.html

https://www.baltimoresun.com/citypaper/bcp-blog-19537-20131118-story.html

https://www.gloucestercitynews.net/clearysnotebook/2013/06/iron-horsemen-president-the-latest-maryland-motorcycle-club-leader-to-face-criminal-charges-citypaper-blogs.html

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2016/feb/02/fast-growing-motorcycle-group-is-largely-for-law-e/

https://nypost.com/2016/02/02/law-abiding-motorcycle-club-keeps-messing-with-real-biker-gangs/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240806202745/https://www.baltimoresun.com/2014/06/04/iron-horsemen-president-the-latest-maryland-motorcycle-club-leader-to-face-criminal-charges/

{{clear}}

==Mongols MC==
---------
Aus

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA176&lpg=PA176&dq=bandidos+odin%27s+warriors&source=bl&ots=30ccvOX3Jy&sig=ACfU3U0dCgtXAFMD0V_Cfp4r0lrpIEFdYQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFi5OY09X_AhWMQcAKHbTsCm0Q6AF6BAgeEAM#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20odin's%20warriors&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA135&lpg=PA135&dq=bandidos+odin%27s+warriors&source=bl&ots=gMLZkBW1jm&sig=ACfU3U2kkC52a5vmD2-tefrJ6JY0MxzUcg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjFi5OY09X_AhWMQcAKHbTsCm0Q6AF6BAgpEAM#v=onepage&q=bandidos%20odin's%20warriors&f=false

-------

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=mongols+convicted+shooting+1990&source=bl&ots=gMLZksS0np&sig=ACfU3U1dNpvdHhxW9WVTAiEuL2o4sOuhjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjuzaHm9NL_AhWlhf0HHf2AAHAQ6AF6BAgdEAM#v=onepage&q=mongols%20convicted%20shooting%201990&f=false

https://news.google.com/search?cf=all&hl=en-AU&pz=1&q=Mongols+Motorcycle+Club&ict=clu_bl&gl=AU&ceid=AU:en

Laughlin
https://web.archive.org/web/20230507155909/https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/28/us/a-brawl-between-motorcycle-gangs-turns-fatal-at-a-nevada-casino.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20221005191104/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2002/04/28/4-dead-as-bikers-brawl-at-nev-casino/dd8d8a43-f0eb-44a9-a5ae-4b6b4bf3a851/


https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RJfkCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA267&lpg=PA267&dq=irish+o%27farrell+exile+on+front+street&source=bl&ots=LVS7Y5sNcR&sig=ACfU3U0RgKpr8pIsgJGOLglkLMhvEZac1g&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj1_pido4z-AhUFSMAKHbrdDwk4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=irish%20o'farrell%20exile%20on%20front%20street&f=false

California patch https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT96&lpg=PT96&dq=ray+glore+hells+angel&source=bl&ots=GCP0sEnGkL&sig=ACfU3U3g4buSnRoidmSRrudsfJe2WUU9nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjNlbaPkYz-AhUGa8AKHV0mDH0Q6AF6BAgeEAM#v=onepage&q=ray%20glore%20hells%20angel&f=false

https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19771008.1.4&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date= }}</ref>

<ref name="Transnational">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=mongols+mc+15+founding+members&source=bl&ots=30beuKTZHE&sig=ACfU3U0emqgoKBML0GGlI5fbnEzdLy4nuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikh-ORzuj9AhUIY8AKHQmUCiQ4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20mc%2015%20founding%20members&f=false|author=Thomas Barker|isbn=9780323298704|title=Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime|date=2014|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=E87SK53KGMMC&pg=PA133&lpg=PA133&dq=mongols+hells+angels+1977&source=bl&ots=S8IpBIxM61&sig=ACfU3U3mTpyXTMslJdt_hm9eSvPxYqTJbA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj36New57T-AhXOS8AKHePJBpU4ChDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20hells%20angels%201977&f=false

https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-press/newsroom/news/fear-of-turf-war-between-outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-europe

https://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,954185,00.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20170104230120/https://www.sfgate.com/opinion/article/Hells-Angels-road-gets-rougher-The-outlaw-gang-2519282.php

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24243504/arizona-republic/

https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/03/14/new-details-released-in-case-of-san-jose-biker-dead-in-santa-cruz-mountains/

https://www.turnto23.com/news/national/10-members-of-mongols-motorcycle-gang-arrested-in-connection-to-fatal-2020-shooting-in-colorado

https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/crime/article176340321.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230326203100/https://www.latimes.com/socal/glendale-news-press/news/tn-gnp-glendale-freeway-shooter-gets-life-20140416-story.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/24072535/raymond-l-jingles-smith-vague-mention/

https://web.archive.org/web/20161208224158/http://lasvegassun.com/news/2005/may/20/ex-mongols-members-claim-of-indigence-leaves-judge/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220622191021/https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/mongols-members-take-plea-deals/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320234016/https://mohavedailynews.com/news/102945/first-mongols-member-sentenced/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320234508/https://tucson.com/news/mongols-motorcycle-club-member-gets-prison-in-deadly-2002-brawl/article_6dfe3364-4f56-56a1-b8a6-d727bd9f86cc.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320234608/https://www.inquirer.com/dailynews/national/20080130_Mongol_biker_sentenced_in_brawl_that_left_two_Hells_Angels_dead.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320233623/https://www.deseret.com/2008/10/22/20281655/mongol-motorcycle-gang-is-busted

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320233806/https://www.sbsun.com/2008/10/21/61-mongols-motorcycle-gang-members-arrested-on-racketeering-charges/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221225025541/https://www.denver7.com/news/local-news/10-members-of-mongols-motorcycle-group-arrested-in-connection-to-fatal-2020-shooting-in-arvada

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320173724/https://www.ocregister.com/2023/01/06/mongols-motorcycle-club-can-keep-logo-appeals-court-rules/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230320174107/https://www.theleafchronicle.com/story/news/crime/2018/01/30/how-outlaw-motorcycle-gang-took-root-clarksville/1045610001/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220704215436/https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/11/us/mongols-biker-gang-logo.html

https://www.news.com.au/national/mongol-invasion-inside-the-most-powerful-bikie-gang-in-australia/news-story/a2479de8d2563812e06fc8bc41cd1ee8

https://www.crimesite.nl/europese-mongols-kregen-bad-standing/

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/mongols-biker-gang-found-guilty-racketeering-n947796

https://www.police1.com/gangs/articles/the-fascinating-history-of-the-sure%C3%B1o-mongol-ruben-cavazos-UbNvYKlm3C7gVdum/

https://www.justice.gov/criminal-ocgs/gallery/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-omgs?page=1

https://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/130338155/mongols-leaders-loose-lips-and-evidence-from-former-gang-member-highlighted-in-high-court-drugs-and-guns-trial

https://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/129589476/gang-war-mongols-meteoric-rise-to-power-through-violence-revealed-by-crown-lawyers

https://www.bdtimes.com.au/news/vic/the-mongols-emerge-as-a-dangerous-bikie-gang-ng-1ed5fe1ab4ff74cd8f44ab71004c3e6e

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=HSWEB_WRE170_a_GGL_PC&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Ftruecrimeaustralia%2Fpolice-courts%2Fthe-mongols-emerge-as-a-dangerous-bikie-gang%2Fnews-story%2F1ed5fe1ab4ff74cd8f44ab71004c3e6e&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-groupa-control-noscore&V21spcbehaviour=append

https://www.perthnow.com.au/news/crime/mongol-bikie-ambushed-shot-by-finks-jurors-told-c-9836169

https://web.archive.org/web/20230208175742/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-02-04/supreme-court-decision-early-release-mongols-biker



"Big Five"<ref>[https://abcnews.go.com/US/story?id=91455&page=1 Outlaw Bikers Surge Again] [[ABC News]] (January 7, 2006)</ref>

fifth-largest<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref>

600 members, 27 chapters in four U.S. states and Mexico<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

mother chapter in Montebello, California<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

approximately 90% of members are Hispanic<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

https://www.oregonlive.com/oregonianextra/2008/10/police_hear_rumble_as_bikers_r.html Oregon

https://www.foxnews.com/us/chicago-biker-gang-violence-reportedly-escalating-after-years-relative-peace-lot-bad-blood

https://gangsterreport.com/monsters-of-the-midway-mounting-up-for-war-tensions-rise-in-chi-in-wake-of-mongols-mc-coming-to-windy-city/

https://www.shawlocal.com/the-herald-news/news/2022/11/17/will-county-authorities-report-no-recent-criminal-activity-in-outlaws-mongols-gang-feud/

https://www1.cbn.com/700club/al-aceves-hard-core-no-more#

https://www.hotcars.com/why-no-one-should-mess-with-the-mongols-motorcycle-club/#

https://www.hotcars.com/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-mongols-biker-gang/

https://www.hotcars.com/things-about-the-mongols-motorcycle-club-you-didnt-know/

https://www.theepochtimes.com/doj-21-members-of-criminal-motorcycle-gang-charged-in-75-count-indictment_2588544.html

https://www.latimes.com/nation/nationnow/la-why-the-feds-are-worried-about-these-biker-gangs-20150518-htmlstory.html

https://ktla.com/news/local-news/mongols-member-who-killed-pomona-swat-officer-to-plead-guilty-to-manslaughter/
https://consent.yahoo.com/v2/collectConsent?sessionId=3_cc-session_c92e4bf5-de2b-4f6e-9250-1c02f1e24872

https://groups.goo gle.com/g/rec.motorcycles/c/UsIchUdIXIA

https://chicago.suntimes.com/2022/11/11/23451699/outlaws-motorcycle-club-mongol-nation-biker-gang-war-david-santillan-tony-os-studio-31-lounge

https://www.courthousenews.com/feds-lobby-ninth-circuit-to-dissolve-mongol-nation-motorcycle-clubs-trademark-logo/

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-04/bikie-gangs-by-colours/4999510

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/54-count-federal-indictment-charges-12-members-and-associates-mongols-motorcycle-gang

https://www.stuff.co.nz/waikato-times/news/130326502/mongols-on-trial-defence-case-opens-with-focus-aussie-motorcyle-shop

https://eu.app.com/story/news/investigations/2020/12/21/mongols-motorcycle-gang-new-jersey/6344626002/

https://www.npr.org/2019/02/28/699199078/court-says-jury-can-t-strip-mongols-biker-club-of-its-trademarked-logo

https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/jury-decides-strip-mongols-biker-gang-trademark-logo-n958036

https://www.mercurynews.com/2019/06/20/lift-the-curtain-of-secrecy-surrounding-mongols-motorcycle-club-and-you-discover-the-outlaw-way-and-much-more/

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/what-does-the-mongol-takeover-of-the-finks-mean-for-melbourne/news-story/a9f2054a5adde9cc82f26559e6006cbc

https://www.heraldsun.com.au/subscribe/news/1/?sourceCode=HSWEB_WRE170_a_GGL&dest=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heraldsun.com.au%2Ftruecrimeaustralia%2Fpolice-courts-victoria%2Finside-melbourne-bikie-gangs-mongols-hells-angels-rebels-bandidos-finks-comanchero%2Fnews-story%2F7919290ee079d2dfa4421c69368edc8e&memtype=anonymous&mode=premium&v21=dynamic-groupa-control-noscore&V21spcbehaviour=append

https://moneyinc.com/the-history-of-the-mongols-motorcycle-club/

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/05/us/mongols-new-trial.html

https://www.ocregister.com/2019/06/20/lift-the-curtain-of-secrecy-surrounding-mongols-motorcycle-club-and-you-discover-the-outlaw-way-and-much-more/

https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/05/us/mongols-new-trial.html

https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/six-mongols-motorcycle-club-members-found-guilty-racketeering-conspiracy-including-murder

<ref>[https://www.kusi.com/jury-finds-mongols-motorcycle-club-guilty-of-racketeering/ Jury finds Mongols motorcycle club guilty of racketeering]</ref>

<ref>[https://mailtribune.com/news/crime-courts-emergencies/former-biker-gang-leader-dodges-prison Mongols]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-19-me-2360-story.html 2 Ex-Convicts Charged in Bomb Blast : Crime: The pipe bomb, which badly wounded a man sifting through an Imperial Beach garbage bin, had apparently been targeted for a motorcycle-gang leader.]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-may-20-me-32097-story.html 42 Arrested in Motorcycle Gang Raids]</ref>#

https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/DIR-032-18%202018%20NDTA%20final%20low%20resolution.pdf

<ref>[https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/org_crime2007_08.pdf Organized Crime in California Annual Report 2007-08] [[Attorney General of California]] (2008)</ref>

https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2019/03/01/feds-spent-decade-trying-seize-mongol-nations-notorious-patch-judge-ruled-they-cant-have-it/

https://www.npr.org/2019/01/11/684669080/california-jury-agrees-to-strip-trademarked-logo-from-mongols-biker-club?t=1626538216249

https://www.justice.gov/archive/usao/cac/Pressroom/pr2008/142.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/04/28/us/a-brawl-between-motorcycle-gangs-turns-fatal-at-a-nevada-casino.html

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2008/oct/24/violent-biker-gang-stripped-emblem/

https://archives.fbi.gov/archives/sanfrancisco/press-releases/2012/mongols-motorcycle-gang-member-convicted-of-murdering-president-of-san-francisco-hells-angels

https://www.sentinelandenterprise.com/2012/01/28/hells-angels-biker-from-shirley-convicted-in-assault-at-sturgis-rally/

https://www.denverpost.com/2020/07/12/jakes-roadhouse-arvada-motorcycle-gang-shooting/

https://www.phoenixmag.com/2011/10/01/hells-angels-shootout/

https://www.policemag.com/373077/the-mongol-motorcycle-gang-and-the-mexican-mafia

https://digitalcommons.law.buffalo.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1075&context=buffaloipjournal

https://lawandcrime.com/federal-court/citing-too-many-murders-federal-judge-wont-give-mongols-bikers-new-racketeering-trial-over-informant-allegations-against-the-clubs-president/

https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Rival-sought-in-slaying-of-Hells-Angels-leader-3194908.php

https://www.marinij.com/2008/05/31/cops-find-red-suv-tied-to-slaying-of-hells-angels-associate/

https://web.archive.org/web/20240328021754/https://www.dailynews.com/2008/10/22/frank-girardot-end-justifies-means-to-mongols-gang/

===California===
gangs
https://web.archive.org/web/20240809025423/https://www.sbsun.com/2008/10/21/a-stake-in-the-heart/

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2008/oct/24/violent-biker-gang-stripped-emblem/

May 1996
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=kVUZn1EYdwAC&pg=PA212&lpg=PA212&dq=mongols+motorcycle+latimes.com&source=bl&ots=IlKV7w200J&sig=ACfU3U1yMonO77WX4h0Hqn8JIYOOB9J6Ew&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjukrznyNX_AhV-h_0HHZTuAJw4HhDoAXoECAUQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20motorcycle%20latimes.com&f=false

Mathews
https://web.archive.org/web/20230621235107/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-19-me-2360-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230204022252/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/courts/story/2023-02-03/supreme-court-decision-early-release-mongols-biker

https://web.archive.org/web/20230205005125/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-02-04/supreme-court-decision-early-release-mongols-biker

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=0sHCAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT43&lpg=PT43&dq=james+rivera+mongols&source=bl&ots=Sor_pJBVjI&sig=ACfU3U22XFwfqFzTnIWdGyaLPbw9m_FSvw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwik7pXnx9X_AhXrgf0HHUNbCyMQ6AF6BAgHEAM#v=onepage&q=james%20rivera%20mongols&f=false

Waldron
https://www.alamy.com/stock-photo-ray-nolan-waldron-a-member-of-the-mongols-outlaw-motorcycle-club-goes-40802289.html

https://www.fearnotlaw.com/wsnkb/articles/p-v-waldron-2097.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230622001733/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-two-men-arrested-in-el-cajon-shooting-2003oct19-story.html

William Queen
https://web.archive.org/web/20210120103708/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2000-sep-18-me-22970-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20230501175606/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2005/10/18/the-undercover-lawman-who-went-hog-wild/d21f9dc5-1519-4aa6-b86f-025a3249c23b/

https://web.archive.org/web/20200702124346/https://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/23/us/chased-by-mean-bikers-former-agent-sheds-his-cover-to-chase-fame-and.html

San Jose Norteno
https://web.archive.org/web/20170504004651/https://www.mercurynews.com/2012/01/04/san-jose-federal-marshals-arrest-norteno-wanted-in-los-banos-double-homicide

Mother chapter
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=AWTJN2ERlYEC&pg=PA8&lpg=PA8&dq=mongols+mother+chapter+west+covina&source=bl&ots=6_WfXY3fEc&sig=ACfU3U03S3ABwrXT4Gy9oukmcBK2K-STyg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiJx4al1dL-AhVL9rsIHbChC-k4ChDoAXoECBYQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20mother%20chapter%20west%20covina&f=false

Black Rain
https://www.miamicountyin.gov/ArchiveCenter/ViewFile/Item/90

2018 Santa Ana trial
https://web.archive.org/web/20181031145557/https://www.nbcnews.com/news/crime-courts/feds-going-after-mongol-nation-biker-gang-s-patches-racketeering-n926471

https://web.archive.org/web/20181214070437/https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-mongols-guilty-20181213-story.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20181214121717/https://www.sgvtribune.com/2018/12/13/u-s-government-wins-round-1-in-trial-to-take-ownership-of-mongols-motorcycle-clubs-prized-patches/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230501180737/https://apnews.com/article/562f93ab55224eefbf75a152d15ddd72

https://web.archive.org/web/20230501180302/https://www.inquirer.com/wires/ap/jury-decides-strip-mongols-biker-gang-trademark-logo-20190111.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20221010195400/https://www.ocregister.com/2022/10/10/federal-judge-denies-mongols-motorcycle-clubs-request-for-new-trial/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221011121232/https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2022-10-11/mongols-motorcycle-gang-wont-get-new-racketeering-trial

https://web.archive.org/web/20230112000601/https://www.pasadenastarnews.com/2023/01/06/mongols-motorcycle-club-can-keep-logo-appeals-court-rules/

Eric Garcia
https://web.archive.org/web/20170424015836/https://www.mercurynews.com/2013/03/14/new-details-released-in-case-of-san-jose-biker-dead-in-santa-cruz-mountains/

Bay Area
https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/cycle-of-violence-biker-clashes-could-spread-to-2822820.php / https://web.archive.org/web/20230726011352/https://www.sfgate.com/news/article/cycle-of-violence-biker-clashes-could-spread-to-2822820.php / https://archive.ph/wseop

===Indiana===
https://eu.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/16/lafayette-man-killed-fight-parking-lot-outside-bar-near-65/5594579002/

https://eu.jconline.com/story/news/crime/2020/08/19/charges-filed-saturdays-fight-between-hells-angels-and-mongols/5609065002/

===Ohio===
https://archive.ph/KE6Yg

===East Coast===
https://web.archive.org/web/20220809101553/https://www.inquirer.com/philly/hp/news_update/20081030_Indictment_reveals_Pagans_talks_about_violence__drugs_with_Mongols_biker_gang.html

===Nevada===
https://web.archive.org/web/20210408012225/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-apr-29-mn-40626-story.html

https://www.reviewjournal.com/news/mongol-sentenced-in-slayings/

https://web.archive.org/web/20220620180325/https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/biker-clubs-in-nevada-have-long-violent-history-2594249/

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2008/oct/21/outlaw-motorcycle-gang-members-arrested-las-vegas/

https://lasvegassun.com/news/2009/jul/10/mongols-member-sentenced-firearm-possession/

===Oklahoma===
https://web.archive.org/web/20230617235503/https://www.oklahoman.com/story/news/2010/11/18/bandidos-motorcycle-club-sues-shawnee-police-and-city-alleging-police-brutality-and-unlawful-arrest/61198959007/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230617210710/https://www.enidnews.com/news/local_news/taking-exception/article_6ff13473-f1d3-54ef-b2f0-816d16958e40.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20211221115301/https://examiner-enterprise.com/story/news/2021/12/21/standeford-death-mourned-friends-mongol-biker-community/8922967002/

===Tennessee===
https://www.justice.gov/opa/pr/six-mongols-motorcycle-club-members-found-guilty-racketeering-conspiracy-including-murder

===Australia===
https://www.volkskrant.nl/nieuws-achtergrond/wie-zijn-de-mongols~b07e89b3/?referrer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F

https://www.afp.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/mongols-omcg-targeted-part-national-day-action

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-03-31/police-arrest-mongols-bikie-gang-members-operation-morley/102172814

https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/newslocal/inner-west/luke-owens-inner-west-mongol-bikie-admits-to-bashing-brother/news-story/36ce9dacf930cb7956a12dc583747f6f

https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/truecrimeaustralia/police-courts-nsw/luke-owens-eddie-maiaua-mongols-bikies-sentenced-for-five-dock-attack/news-story/46eab2af066add01537c5eb2e1f1e186

https://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-10-04/bikie-gangs-by-colours/4999510

===NZ===
https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/mongols-gang-trial-drug-dealing-shootings-and-louis-vuitton/BXW6YIKDDRTJTGZDBICBGBHOZY/

{{clear}}

==No Surrender MC==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321275481_Outlaw_bikers_in_the_Netherlands_Clubs_social_criminal_organizations_or_gangs

==Pagan's MC==
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = Pagan's MC
| image             =
| image_size        =  
| caption           = Pagans [[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]]
| founded           = 1959
| founder           = Lou Dobkin
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Prince George's County, Maryland|Prince George's County]], Maryland, United States
| years_active      = 1959–''present''
| territory         = 41 chapters in 12 U.S. states and Puerto Rico<ref name="Outlaw biker gangs in Pittsburgh area have splintered over time">[https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2015/05/19/Outlaw-bikers-are-present-everywhere-including-Western-Pa/stories/201505190065 Outlaw biker gangs in Pittsburgh area have splintered over time] Torsten Ove, ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]'' (May 19, 2015)</ref> <ref name="Outlaw biker gangs in Pittsburgh area have splintered over time"/>
| ethnicity         = 
| membership_est    = 900<ref name="The Pagan’s Motorcycle Club is expanding in record numbers. Here’s why N.J. officials are worried">[https://www.nj.com/news/2019/10/the-pagans-motorcycle-club-is-expanding-in-record-numbers-heres-why-nj-officials-are-worried.html The Pagan’s Motorcycle Club is expanding in record numbers. Here’s why N.J. officials are worried] Alex Napoliello, [[NJ.com]] (October 23, 2019)</ref>
| leaders           = 
| activities        = [[Drug trafficking]], [[murder]], [[bombings]], [[extortion]], [[arson]], [[assault]]<ref name="2005 FBI National Gang Threat Assesment">[https://web.archive.org/web/20051222030209/http://www.ojp.usdoj.gov/BJA/what/2005_threat_assesment.pdf 2005 FBI National Gang Threat Assesment]</ref>
| allies            = [[Aryan Brotherhood]] <br> [[Gambino crime family]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135&lpg=PT135&dq=sons+of+silence+iron+horsemen+allies&source=bl&ots=TzB5zDUlSk&sig=ACfU3U1yPpNoUVkVsqV5CkSf_6TFBxiVSQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9cm69KnoAhVzQxUIHcL-ANkQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=sons%20of%20silence%20iron%20horsemen%20allies&f=false ''Gangs and Organized Crime''] George W. Knox, Gregg Etter, Carter F. Smith (2019)</ref> <br> [[Genovese crime family]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/> <br> [[Latin Kings (gang)|Latin Kings]]<ref name="Pagans may be planning a 'violent' expansion into North Jersey">[https://www.nj.com/essex/2018/05/pagans_biker_club_planning_a_violent_expansion_int.html Pagans may be planning a 'violent' expansion into North Jersey] Alex Napoliello, [[NJ.com]] (May 7, 2018)</ref> <br> [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/> <br> [[Philadelphia crime family]] <br> [[Pittsburgh crime family]]<ref name="Outlaw biker gangs in Pittsburgh area have splintered over time"/> <br> [[Sons of Satan Motorcycle Club|Sons of Satan]] <br> [[Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Pennsylvania)|Warlocks]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/>
| rivals            = [[10th & Oregon Crew]] <br> [[Breed Motorcycle Club|Breed]] <br> [[Hells Angels]]<ref name="2005 FBI National Gang Threat Assesment"/> <br> [[Warlocks Motorcycle Club (Pennsylvania)|Warlocks]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/>
| notable_members   = [[Steven Mondevergine]]
}}

https://cryptome.org/gangs/pagans.pdf

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&lpg=PT141&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=TAC2zJQmWm&sig=ACfU3U3X1p_KFLnMRQCGMJih6NvJfmk1WQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCIQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=4839874%3Atuckz1&sort=paper-date-desc

https://www.newspapers.com/article/4464038/asbury-park-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/28815391/pagans_mc_1966/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/4464933/asbury_park_press/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-morning-news-sunday-aug-10-1980/16570800/

race policy
https://melmagazine.com/en-us/story/hells-angels-pagans-bronx-violence

Thunderguards MC
https://archive.ph/pPCEV
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=gMMToBU2qr&sig=ACfU3U3qfK3Yg4YdeEBUeZ0KZOPaGFfe0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCAQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false


https://web.archive.org/web/20210312160807/https://gangsterreport.com/blue-wave-heads-west-pagans-mc-making-more-expansion-moves-solidifying-ties-under-conan-the-barbarians-reign/

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/dmas/Philadelphia-Camden_DMA-2011(U).pdf

<ref name="Transnational">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=mongols+mc+15+founding+members&source=bl&ots=30beuKTZHE&sig=ACfU3U0emqgoKBML0GGlI5fbnEzdLy4nuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikh-ORzuj9AhUIY8AKHQmUCiQ4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20mc%2015%20founding%20members&f=false|author=Thomas Barker|isbn=9780323298704|title=Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime|date=2014|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=2837937%3ABobMorane&sort=paper-date-asc

apostrophe<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=slOulis97A4C&pg=PT42&lpg=PT42&dq=scorpio+hells+angels+gangs+tony+thompson&source=bl&ots=YXBmAAGdjf&sig=ACfU3U3ByURgs6G6kdmee0dxnv4MYkdWjQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwifhOiny677AhVQOMAKHZ6WAlc4ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=scorpio%20hells%20angels%20gangs%20tony%20thompson&f=false|title=Outlaws: Inside the Hell's Angel Biker Wars|isbn=9781444716610|last1=Thompson|first1=Tony|date=August 4, 2011|quote=In the months leading up to the battle, a couple of club members had begun writing to an American MC based in Pennsylvania called the Pagan's (the apostrophe in their name was a deliberate ploy to the Hell's Angels whose own patch neglected to include one).}}</ref>

https://eu.patriotledger.com/story/entertainment/2022/03/17/riding-evil-depicts-double-life-undercover-agent-biker-gang-pagans/9398921002/
https://nypost.com/2022/03/19/deadly-pagans-biker-gang-riding-streets-of-nyc-today-ex-undercover-atf-agent/ Colours and ideology

https://gangsterreport.com/blue-wave-heads-west-pagans-mc-making-more-expansion-moves-solidifying-ties-under-conan-the-barbarians-reign/

According to law enforcement, the Pagans' internal enforcer squad is known as the "Black T-Shirt Squad".<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=November 28, 2021 }}</ref>

"Live Pagan, Die Pagan" ("LPDP")<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs: Aspects of the One-Percenter Culture for Emergency Department Personnel to Consider">[https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100862/ Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs: Aspects of the One-Percenter Culture for Emergency Department Personnel to Consider] Anand N. Bosmia, James F. Quinn, Todd B. Peterson, Christoph J. Griessenauer, and R. Shane Tubbs, [[United States National Library of Medicine]] (July 15, 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220912211254/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100862/ |date=September 12, 2022 }}</ref>

fourth-largest motorcycle club in the United States, behind the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]], [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]] and [[Outlaws Motorcycle Club|Outlaws]].<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref>

has no fixed mother chapter<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

Differing from other prominent motorcycle clubs, Pagans members do not wear a "bottom rocker" delineating the state which holds their membership; they instead wear a patch reading "East Coast", designating the entire [[East Coast of the United States]] as their territory.<ref name="Overview">[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf ''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''] [[National Institute of Justice]] (1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123220851/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=January 23, 2022 }}</ref>

According to the Pagans' original national bylaws, the club's national president was to be paid the same salary as the [[President of the United States]], and the "mother chapter" was responsible for overseeing organizational activities. The Pagans' bylaws underwent significant changes as a result of a 1983 [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act|RICO]] investigation into the club, which was successful in prosecuting over twenty members on weapons, narcotics and conspiracy charges. The club no longer uses clubhouses to conduct business; club meetings are instead rotated between members' residences.<ref name="Overview">

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/474018591/ NY

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27427784/alien-nomads/ NY

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=1685156&sort=paper-date-asc NJ, NY

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/#user=2837937

https://docplayer.net/39357328-United-states-district-court-eastern-district-of-new-york-x.html

https://www.deseret.com/2011/7/1/20201284/reputed-pagans-leader-jailed-after-pa-drug-raid

<ref>[https://www.slideshare.net/MalissaMardorf/the-pagans-outlaw-motorcycle-club]</ref>

Three-hundred members and seventeen chapters in New Jersey.<ref name="The Pagan’s Motorcycle Club is expanding in record numbers. Here’s why N.J. officials are worried"/>

The Pagans have associated with New York's Gambino and Genovese crime families in the fields of drug trafficking, contract killing and protection.<ref name="''Les Gangs de Motards Criminalisés: Une expansion internationale''">[http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-15.html ''Les Gangs de Motards Criminalisés: Une expansion internationale''] Xavier Raufer, Institut de Criminologie de Paris</ref>

<ref>[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/07/20/22-members-of-motorcycle-gang-indicted-on-drug-traffic-charges/565703ea-db97-46d1-a90d-3381cec960c4/ 22 Members of Motorcycle Gang Indicted on Drug-Traffic Charges] Mary Thornton, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (July 20, 1984)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/16/nyregion/10-injured-in-prison-disturbance.html 10 injured in prison disturbance] Mary Thornton, ''[[The New York Times]]'' (October 16, 1984)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of Change''] Pennsylvania Crime Commission (1990)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/20500452/1974-pagan-shooting/ 13 Pagans indicted after '74 murder in shootout with Virginia cycle gang] ''[[The Baltimore Sun|The Evening Sun]]'' (February 11, 1976)</ref>

vs Fates Assembly
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/10/06/biker-gang-members-bomb-death-seen-as-vengeance-gone-awry/30b6db39-1eda-4d07-98fa-347a91b9090a/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/11/06/outlaw-biker-gangs-larger-more-violent/cfe49488-e9de-458a-81f4-cbf1c98f3a92/
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1992/03/13/four-motorcycle-gang-members-indicted-in-va-in-bombing-plot/56ed7c9f-c7e5-422b-99fb-a89fdd44087f/

Yannotta
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/4464933/asbury-park-press/
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2752623/lucifer-milanos-young-girls/
https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1356&dat=19741107&id=y2o0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=zg4EAAAAIBAJ&pg=4924,1131014&hl=en
<ref name="'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1982/04/03/wild-ones-of-yore-get-new-image-organized-crime-on-wheels/1ac284a0-0674-418f-9ac3-507672ce7498/ 'Wild Ones' of Yore Get New Image: Organized Crime on Wheels] Mary Thornton, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (April 3, 1982)</ref>

https://lasd.org/pdfjs/web/mcj_Pagans_OMG.pdf

https://jerseymanmagazine.com/the-hells-angels-and-the-pagans/

https://southphillyreview.com/2005/01/20/first-blood-in-possible-biker-war/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=O1yv4qS1Sb0C&pg=PA53&lpg=PA53&dq=breed+motorcycle+gang+plainfield&source=bl&ots=Qmi3axotZ4&sig=ACfU3U2BRIJ85MYTVTE-0nKMfmYKkFRorw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-oJaC2dLrAhWJsaQKHY2pAYQ4ChDoATAGegQIAxAB#v=onepage&q=breed%20motorcycle%20gang%20plainfield&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SFBzj16S7LkC&pg=PA56&lpg=PA56&dq=wheels+of+soul+methamphetamine&source=bl&ots=IFvwXV2vXR&sig=ACfU3U03bKrSuu-tWFn-1498TPMkweQMMA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjDiomRkOLrAhVATBUIHe6fBxwQ6AEwEnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=wheels%20of%20soul%20methamphetamine&f=false

https://www.nytimes.com/1978/03/31/archives/12-seized-in-maryland-as-suspects-in-18millionayear-drug-ring.html

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/us-2nd-circuit/1412292.html

https://www.southjerseymagazine.com/article/336/Hell-on-Wheels

https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/DIR-032-18%202018%20NDTA%20final%20low%20resolution.pdf

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/dumbfellas-spell-trouble-for-the-mob-1116670.html

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SFBzj16S7LkC&pg=PA137&lpg=PA137&dq=pagans+murder+virginia+1970&source=bl&ots=IGoqYV1AXL&sig=ACfU3U3NZi4Bf1g-ujheCXZ4cUjG-nlv0A&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi59p_fwZ_xAhXegP0HHa6hCXoQ6AEwCXoECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=pagans%20murder%20virginia%201970&f=false

https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1998/02/27/24-year-old-mystery-is-solved-detective-says/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/2804530/1970-dc-saints-killings/

https://ourredneckpast.com/2010/01/13/pagans-mc-members-linked-to-double-murder-in-1970/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1984/04/14/ex-pagan-sentenced-to-7-years/6ecc3e6e-4797-411a-b734-e0a669c84fc1/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT14&lpg=PT14&dq=pagans+decapitated+virginia+1970&source=bl&ots=l62NwTRWhe&sig=ACfU3U0cA1qkobc3TIcc0VohLYWl_U95Bw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwit2767yZ_xAhXHnKQKHSxqBHAQ6AEwEnoECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=pagans%20decapitated%20virginia%201970&f=false

Delaware Pagan territory https://law.justia.com/cases/delaware/supreme-court/2012/50-2012.html

https://eu.northjersey.com/story/news/new-jersey/2021/06/28/pagans-motorcycle-gang-members-assault-rival-hells-angels/5372297001/

https://weartv.com/news/local/two-men-wanted-for-fight-between-biker-gangs-at-milton-bar

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/52497341/1974-0328-confederate-angels/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4oxMIUskYbEC&pg=PA323&lpg=PA323&dq=hells+angels+manassas+virginia&source=bl&ots=-IOP2tfw7s&sig=ACfU3U15m_R51iU9-dUqYYZlr_2LpP3gwg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj579iL_4_xAhWR8OAKHVMxAh8Q6AEwG3oECAQQAw#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20manassas%20virginia&f=false

https://www.cosanostranews.com/2020/09/pagans-alongside-cosa-nostra-are.html

http://www.mafianj.com/mc/pagans.shtml

https://jukeboxhero.tripod.com/pagans.html

<ref>[https://www.post-gazette.com/local/city/2009/03/14/1-of-4-bikers-tied-to-killing-outside-bar-is-ex-cop-1/stories/200903140154 1 of 4 bikers tied to killing outside bar is ex-cop] Torsten Ove, ''[[Pittsburgh Post-Gazette]]'' (March 14, 2009)</ref>

https://groups.google.com/g/alt.thebird.copwatch/c/BZnom8xbg-A

Antonio F. "Tiny" Martines
<ref name="''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/108043NCJRS.pdf ''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''] [[National Criminal Justice Reference Service]] (1986)</ref>
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/02/13/A-member-of-the-Pagans-motorcycle-gang-being-sought/9010445496400/
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/421/550/1769671/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/159589958/

https://archive.ph/6Paq7

===Delaware===
https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs07/796/overview.htm

https://web.archive.org/web/20240405064849/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/06/archives/motorcycle-gangs-clash-one-dead-and-4-injured.html

===Florida===
https://web.archive.org/web/20221106230336/https://www.abcactionnews.com/news/local-news/i-team-investigates/uncovering-the-tampa-bay-firefighters-who-run-with-criminal-motorcycle-gangs

https://keysweekly.com/42/motorcycle-gang-in-the-keys-sheriff-ramsay-has-strong-message-for-pagans-outlaw-biker-club/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230801182607/https://www.news-journalonline.com/errors/404/

https://web.archive.org/web/20190205051839/https://www.actionnewsjax.com/news/local/two-locals-among-17-pleas-in-drug-trafficking-operation-targeting-outlaw-motorcycle-clubs/914733296/



===Maryland===
https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-baltimore-sun-john-v-marron/91609313/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-atlanta-constitution-pagans-testimon/79723460/

https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/11/06/outlaw-biker-gangs-larger-more-violent/cfe49488-e9de-458a-81f4-cbf1c98f3a92/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220324173043/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1991/11/06/outlaw-biker-gangs-larger-more-violent/cfe49488-e9de-458a-81f4-cbf1c98f3a92/

===Mass===
https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-a-cold-war-between-biker-gangs-hells-angels-pagans-turned-red-hot

===Montana===
https://missoulian.com/news/local/montana-washington-officials-still-investigating-kalispell-biker-gang-brawl/article_a4424307-9906-5c96-8a3d-a4cf65b48090.html

===New Jersey===
https://www.nj.gov/sci/pdf/SCI%20Pagans%20Report.pdf

https://archives.nd.edu/observer/v16/1981-09-29_v16_027.pdf

https://www.inquirer.com/philly/news/new_jersey/shore/the-pagans-motorcycle-club-still-rides-wreaks-havoc-at-jersey-shore-20180114.html

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/669/meth.htm

https://www.justice.gov/usao-nj/pr/eleven-members-pagan-s-motorcycle-club-charged-narcotics-distribution-firearms-offenses

https://www.nj.gov/sci/pdf/SCI%20Pagans%20Report.pdf

https://archive.ph/elNyC

https://archive.ph/pRmcU

https://www.nbcnewyork.com/news/local/investigators-biker-gang-growing-at-alarming-rate-in-new-jersey/1995358/

In August 2002, a Pagans member was detained by an officer of the [[New Jersey State Police]] for a vehicle infraction. During an inspection of the biker's motorcycle, it was discovered that the left handlebar had been modified to fire a [[.410 bore]] shotgun round.<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=November 28, 2021 }}</ref>

https://www.justice.gov/usao-nj/pr/two-members-pagan-s-motorcycle-club-indicted-shooting-hells-angels-associate-new-jersey

https://archive.ph/OTUvv

===New York===
There are 12 Pagans chapters in New York state; four on [[Long Island]], four in [[upstate New York]] and four in [[New York City]]. [[The Bronx]] has traditionally been the club's base of operations in New York City.<ref>[https://nypost.com/2022/03/19/deadly-pagans-biker-gang-riding-streets-of-nyc-today-ex-undercover-atf-agent/ Deadly Pagans biker gang ‘riding streets of NYC today,’ claims ex-undercover ATF agent] Kerry J. Byrne, ''[[New York Post]]'' (March 19, 2022)</ref> The Pagans have associated with the [[Gambino crime family|Gambino]] and [[Genovese crime family|Genovese]] crime families in drug dealing, contract killing and enforcement work.<ref name="Une expansion internationale">[http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-15.html ''Les Gangs de Motards Criminalisés: Une expansion internationale''] Xavier Raufer, Institut de Criminologie de Paris {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221220230110/http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-15.html |date=December 20, 2022 }}</ref>

In the spring of 1990, twenty Pagans members and associates were arrested in [[Schoharie County, New York|Schoharie County]] and [[Long Island]] on charges of manufacturing and distributing methamphetamine. The subsequent services of search warrants uncovered various amounts of the drug, as well as weapons, including handguns, [[AR-15 style rifle|AR-15]] rifles and [[Silencer (firearms)|silencers]], and what was classified as the largest [[Rolling meth lab|mobile methamphetamine laboratory]] ever seized in the [[Northeastern United States]]. The laboratory had the ability to produce $1 million worth of methamphetamine monthly, and authorities believe the lab – which moved between locations in Long Island, [[upstate New York]] and North Carolina – had been in operation for approximately ten years. All twenty defendants in the case pleaded guilty.<ref name="Overview"/>

Hellsraiser Ball - 

The Pagans allegedly intended challenge the Hells Angels' presence on Long Island, a longtime Pagan stronghold, and to kill [[Sonny Barger]], who was attending an autograph signing at the event. The depletion of Pagans members which resulted from the Hellraiser Ball allowed the Hells Angels to expand into the [[Delaware Valley]], and into [[Philadelphia]] in particular.{{sfn|Barker|2007|p=9-10}}

https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1412292.html

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F3/260/260.F3d.150.00-1134.2303.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/02/06/archives/motorcycle-gangs-clash-one-dead-and-4-injured.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/02/archives/4-charged-with-murder-in-motorcycle-club-clash.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20240405070252/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/08/22/archives/si-cycle-gang-is-angry-over-rockfestival-melee.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/15/archives/head-of-cycle-gang-is-accused-of-possessing-bomb-and-pistol.html / https://web.archive.org/web/20240405065756/https://www.nytimes.com/1973/08/15/archives/head-of-cycle-gang-is-accused-of-possessing-bomb-and-pistol.html

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-daily-courier-alien-nomads/27427822/?locale=en-GB

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-bridgeport-post-vito-bandidi-ny/2763433/

https://www.nytimes.com/1974/06/29/archives/8-apparent-motorcyclists-held-in-queens-and-nassau-incidents.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1984/10/16/nyregion/10-injured-in-prison-disturbance.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/18/nyregion/2-die-in-altercation-at-cycle-club-event.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/19/nyregion/details-sifted-in-biker-clash-that-left-2-pagans-dead.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/08/nyregion/members-of-motorcycle-gang-are-charged-in-extortion-case.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2002/05/29/nyregion/bikers-take-plea-deal-in-fight-with-hells-angels.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2009/10/07/us/07brfs-55MEMBERSOFM_BRF.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/22/nyregion/hells-angels-bronx-pagans-murder.html

1998 LI extortion
https://www.nytimes.com/1998/04/08/nyregion/members-of-motorcycle-gang-are-charged-in-extortion-case.html
https://www.nydailynews.com/1998/04/08/extortion-rap-bags-33-bikers/ / https://archive.ph/LFUvN
https://caselaw.findlaw.com/court/us-2nd-circuit/1412292.html

===NC===
In 1973, two Pagan bikers were killed and another five were wounded by members of the Storm Troopers motorcycle gang while traveling in a van on [[Interstate 85 in North Carolina|Interstate 85]] near [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]]. The Storm Troopers later became the Durham chapter of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]].{{sfn|Barker|2007|p=9}}

https://web.archive.org/web/20230817202538/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/02/archives/4-charged-with-murder-in-motorcycle-club-clash.html
https://web.archive.org/web/20230817203153/https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/01/archives/2-dead-in-motorcycle-gang-shootout-in-carolina.html
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=DS19720701.2.13&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/53554026/


https://www.wral.com/story/one-person-shot-four-severely-beaten-during-rumble-between-rival-motorcycle-gangs-in-clayton/19762723/

https://www.wral.com/story/like-organized-crime-on-wheels-expert-details-expansion-of-outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-in-us/20660440/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230609224843/https://apnews.com/article/drug-crimes-raleigh-wilmington-crime-6ddd6155d00971179d5797a2af10b419

https://www.justice.gov/usao-ednc/pr/leader-pagans-motorcycle-club-sentenced-75-years-prison-methamphetamine-distribution

https://www.justice.gov/usao-ednc/pr/member-pagans-motorcycle-club-sentenced-more-27-years-prison-armed-methamphetamine

===Pennsylvania===
The Pagans have been affiliated with the [[Philadelphia crime family]] in methamphetamine manufacturing, extortion and jewelry heists.<ref name="Une expansion internationale"/><ref name="Motorcycle Gangs Overview">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs USA Overview] p. 13 [[United States Department of Justice]] (May 1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230526143251/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=May 26, 2023 }}</ref>

https://philadelphiaweekly.com/news-and-opinion/cover-story/how_the_pagans_bested_the_mob-38471804.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20170828110317/https://www.washingtonpost.com/web/20170828110317/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1984/07/20/22-members-of-motorcycle-gang-indicted-on-drug-traffic-charges/565703ea-db97-46d1-a90d-3381cec960c4/?utm_term=.c3512f9dd56c

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news/80232042/

https://archive.ph/oX82b

https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-pittsburgh-press-3141985-leone/140299212/

https://web.archive.org/web/20211003230811/https://gangsterreport.com/pittsburgh-lcns-nick-blade-smelling-three-rivers-air/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-1999/30759609/

https://www.newspapers.com/article/philadelphia-daily-news-1999/30759618/

<ref name="''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''] Pennsylvania Crime Commission (1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111193847/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

https://web.archive.org/web/20230517234737/https://lancasteronline.com/news/clubhouse-bombing-may-be-tied-to-gang-war/article_894c76b9-03f3-55ad-8ffe-c76d4bb34e25.html

https://dailyvoice.com/pennsylvania/franklin/news/pagans-motorcycle-gangs-meth-dealer-heads-to-prison-in-pennsylvania-usdoj/855150/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230405133159/https://observer-reporter.com/news/superior-court-upholds-sentences-against-two-pagans-convicted-of-beating-man-in-charleroi/article_4ca7aeca-d31b-11ed-a350-9fdfe73eea4f.html

===Rhode Island===
https://web.archive.org/web/20230501052816/https://riag.ri.gov/press-releases/local-outlaw-motorcycle-gang-leader-sentenced-serve-10-years-state-prison-illegal

===Virginia===
Pagans membership in Virginia increased significantly in the late 1980s, from approximately five 1987 to around 45 by 1990.<ref name="Overview"/>

In 1990, several Pagans members were convicted of large-scale fraud after filing false claims for stolen cars and motorcycles.<ref name="Overview"/>

In August 1990, over two dozen Pagans members were arrested by the [[Virginia State Police]] in connection with a [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]] area drug ring. The bikers were indicted on charges including distribution of cocaine, heroin, marijuana, methamphetamine and LSD, as well as motorcycle theft, assault, robbery and firearms violations.<ref name="Overview"/>

<ref>[https://eu.progress-index.com/story/news/2009/10/08/family-says-hicks-didn-t/36448433007/ Family says Hicks didn't fit outlaw biker image] ''[[The Progress-Index]]'' (October 8, 2009) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20221016210725/https://www.progress-index.com/story/news/2009/10/08/family-says-hicks-didn-t/36448433007/ |date=Ocxtober 16, 2022}}</ref>

https://www.timeswv.com/news/pagan-s-motorcycle-club-members-indicted-for-attempted-murder/article_00bca3d8-47cf-11ea-8c9d-8bcb28214d03.html / https://archive.ph/AKcLD

https://archive.ph/xmF3x

===Washington===
https://www.unionleader.com/news/crime/pagans-motorcycle-gang-shootout-victim-allegedly-fired-first-at-members-of-rival-club/article_86aacd1d-1a24-5a8b-88a2-96391a9d0256.html

===West Virginia===
https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs5/5266/overview.htm

35 Pagans members in West Virginia were charged with narcotics and weapons violations in January 1989 following the seizure of eleven kilograms of cocaine as well as automatic weapons – one of the largest cocaine seizures in the state's history. Motorcycle gang members and Colombian nationals were working in concert in the drug ring. All 35 were ultimately convicted under the [[Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act|Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act]] and related charges.<ref name="Overview"/>


https://www.upi.com/Archives/1989/01/13/Government-cracks-down-on-motorcyle-gang/6118600670800/
https://apnews.com/article/8653dabbc167d4297a07bbcb926ca28f
https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1989/01/14/motorcycle-gang-members-face-drug-and-racketeering-counts/ddc8e14f-8a52-42f9-8f2c-e06e2904ac85/
https://www.nj.com/news/2009/10/pagans_motorcycle_club_preside.html
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/901/29/46293/
https://www.post-gazette.com/breaking/2009/10/16/Head-of-Pagans-motorcycle-gang-faces-racketeering-trial/stories/200910160211

https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/feds-biker-gang-plotted-to-kill-extort-rivals/
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2009-oct-07-na-briefs7.s5-story.html
https://www.nj.com/news/2009/10/members_associated_with_pagans.html
https://www.herald-dispatch.com/news/ex-motorcycle-club-leader-gets-prison/article_f385a4b7-3c05-5832-803c-cfdc1e42d78c.html
https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/wvgazettemail/name/floyd-moore-obituary?id=14333356

https://web.archive.org/web/20221206235513/https://www.wboy.com/news/marion/pagan-motorcycle-club-president-denied-motion-by-wvsca-in-fairmont-murder-case/

{{clear}}

==Red Devils MC==
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321275481_Outlaw_bikers_in_the_Netherlands_Clubs_social_criminal_organizations_or_gangs

==Satudarah MC==
The club consists of 65 chapters and 2,000 members.<ref name="Rocker-Republik Deutschland">[https://www.bild.de/news/inland/motorradclub/rockerkrieg-in-deutschland-38593754.bild.html Rocker-Republik Deutschland] ''[[Bild]]'' (17 November 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160936/https://www.bild.de/news/inland/motorradclub/rockerkrieg-in-deutschland-38593754.bild.html |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

8 chapters in Germany.<ref name="Rocker-Republik Deutschland"/>

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/321275481_Outlaw_bikers_in_the_Netherlands_Clubs_social_criminal_organizations_or_gangs

==Sons of Silence MC==
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&lpg=PT141&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=TAC2zJQmWm&sig=ACfU3U3X1p_KFLnMRQCGMJih6NvJfmk1WQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCIQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

Colorado https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs4/4300/4300p.pdf

Mother chapter, Denver<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=November 28, 2021 }}</ref>

https://wcfcourier.com/news/local/crime-and-courts/update-five-arrested-in-sons-of-silence-incident-in-clarion/article_72d4d5bd-3814-5dfd-b60a-87fe3f4beb63.html

https://more.ppld.org/SpecialCollections/Index/ArticleOrders/304145.pdf

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32201582/the-indianapolis-star/

https://web.archive.org/web/20221229095645/https://krdo.com/top-stories/2022/12/20/high-ranking-member-of-motorcycle-club-colorado-springs-resident-sentenced-to-10-years/

https://www.justice.gov/usao-co/pr/high-ranking-member-sons-silence-motorcycle-club-sentenced-10-years-prison-drugs-and

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/660/meth.htm

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs1/1052/1052p.pdf

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/666/overview.htm

https://www.justice.gov/archive/ndic/pubs0/660/660p.pdf

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49497829/the-des-moines-register/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/16008154/sons-of-silence-jury-bruce-ricardson/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/29222689/howard-duck-miller-sons-of-silence/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/49497829/the-des-moines-register/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5044087/the-indianapolis-star/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/32074531/the-star-press/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5158848/cossacks/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15014918/the-indianapolis-star/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9592964/the-des-moines-register/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42417013/the-indianapolis-news/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/53482837/daily-world/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/15965678/the-des-moines-register/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42416240/the-vincennes-sun-commercial/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42415318/logansport-pharos-tribune/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42416409/the-indianapolis-star/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/42416490/the-indianapolis-star/

https://www.newspapers.com/clippings/?user=6609615%3Aaitcain&sort=paper-date-desc

==United Tribuns==
1,700 members<ref name="Rocker-Republik Deutschland">[https://www.bild.de/news/inland/motorradclub/rockerkrieg-in-deutschland-38593754.bild.html Rocker-Republik Deutschland] ''[[Bild]]'' (17 November 2014) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220425160936/https://www.bild.de/news/inland/motorradclub/rockerkrieg-in-deutschland-38593754.bild.html |date= 25 April 2022 }}</ref>

==Vagos MC==
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              = Vagos MC
| image             = Vagos MC colors.png
| image_size        =  
| caption           = Vagos [[Colors (motorcycling)|colors]]
| founded           = 1965
| founder           = 
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[San Bernardino, California|San Bernardino]], California, United States<ref name="OC in California 2007-08">[https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/org_crime2007_08.pdf Organized Crime in California 2007-08] [[Edmund G. Brown, Jr.]], [[Attorney General of California]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230326024204/https://oag.ca.gov/sites/all/files/agweb/pdfs/publications/org_crime2007_08.pdf |date=March 26, 2023 }}</ref>
| years_active      = 1965–''present''
| territory         = 24 chapters in 4 U.S. states, and 3 chapters in Mexico<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs">[https://www.justice.gov/criminal-ocgs/gallery/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-omgs?page=1 Outlaw motorcycle gangs] [[United States Department of Justice]] (May 8, 2015)</ref>
| ethnicity         = 
| membership_est    = 300<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs"/>
| leaders           = 
| activities        = Drug trafficking, assault, extortion, insurance fraud, money laundering, murder, vehicle theft, witness intimidation, weapons violations<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs"/><ref name="OC in California 2007-08"/>
| allies            = [[Nazi Lowriders]]<ref name="Bigots on Bikes - ADL">[https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/ADL_CR_Bigots_on_Bikes_online.pdf Bigots on Bikes - ADL]</ref> <ref name="Bigots on Bikes - ADL"/> <br> [[Tijuana Cartel]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT135&lpg=PT135&dq=sons+of+silence+iron+horsemen+allies&source=bl&ots=TzB5zDUlSk&sig=ACfU3U1yPpNoUVkVsqV5CkSf_6TFBxiVSQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiv9cm69KnoAhVzQxUIHcL-ANkQ6AEwCnoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=sons%20of%20silence%20iron%20horsemen%20allies&f=false ''Gangs and Organized Crime''] George W. Knox, Gregg Etter, Carter F. Smith (2019)</ref>
| rivals            = [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]] <br> [[Brother Speed]]<ref name="Les gangs de bikers les plus dangereux des États-Unis">[https://www.vanityfair.fr/actualites/diaporama/les-gangs-de-bikers-les-plus-dangereux-des-etats-unis/35046 Les gangs de bikers les plus dangereux des États-Unis] Noomen Ben Mustapha, ''[[Vanity Fair (magazine)|Vanity Fair]]'' (21 June 2016)</ref> <br> [[Free Souls Motorcycle Club|Free Souls]]<ref name="Les gangs de bikers les plus dangereux des États-Unis"/> <br> [[Galloping Goose]]<ref name="Les gangs de bikers les plus dangereux des États-Unis"/> <br> [[Hells Angels]] <br> [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]]<ref name="''Gangs and Organized Crime''"/>
| notable_members   = 
}}

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&lpg=PT141&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=TAC2zJQmWm&sig=ACfU3U3X1p_KFLnMRQCGMJih6NvJfmk1WQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCIQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

https://www.history.co.uk/shows/outlaw-chronicles-hells-angels/articles/top-6-notorious-biker-gangs 47 chapters in U.S.

The Vagos in [[southern California]] began trading methamphetamine for weapons in order to arm themselves in the war against the Dirty Dozen.<ref name="Overview">[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf ''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''] [[National Institute of Justice]] (1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123220851/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=January 23, 2022 }}</ref>

one of the largest gangs in southern California, with around 300 members<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref>

The Vagos are among the most prominant motorcycle gangs in California, along with the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]] and the [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]].<ref name="OC in California 2007-08"/>

<ref name="Transnational">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=mongols+mc+15+founding+members&source=bl&ots=30beuKTZHE&sig=ACfU3U0emqgoKBML0GGlI5fbnEzdLy4nuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikh-ORzuj9AhUIY8AKHQmUCiQ4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20mc%2015%20founding%20members&f=false|author=Thomas Barker|isbn=9780323298704|title=Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime|date=2014|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

formed in San Bernardino<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

''vago'' is a Spanish word for a gypsy or wanderer<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

mother chapter in Mira Loma, California<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20120613110925/https://oag.ca.gov/news/press-releases/department-justice-investigation-results-three-arrests-conspiracy-commit-murder

https://web.archive.org/web/20140717124952/https://www.adl.org/assets/pdf/combating-hate/ADL_CR_Bigots_on_Bikes_online.pdf

https://www.phoenixmag.com/2018/02/21/open-road/

https://www.phoenixmag.com/2011/10/01/hells-angels-shootout/

https://www.history.co.uk/shows/outlaw-chronicles-hells-angels/articles/history-of-the-vagos-mc

https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/eleven-members-of-hells-angels-rival-motorcycle-gang-vagos-arrested-six-of-them-repeat-customers-to-dps-task-force-6656161

https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2018-11/DIR-032-18%202018%20NDTA%20final%20low%20resolution.pdf

https://www.lamag.com/citythinkblog/vagos-motorcycle-gang/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5068303/the-san-bernardino-county-sun/

https://web.archive.org/web/20170414032837/https://www.koat.com/article/outlaw-motorcycle-gangs-present-in-albuquerque-area/5063119

https://eu.elpasotimes.com/story/news/local/juarez/2019/07/15/vagos-bikers-killed-mexico-highway-shooting-outside-juarez/1737534001/

https://www.abqjournal.com/1424376/members-of-vagos-bikers-cleared-of-all-charges-in-us-court.html

https://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=5717

https://web.archive.org/web/20210917175810/https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/news/eleven-members-of-hells-angels-rival-motorcycle-gang-vagos-arrested-six-of-them-repeat-customers-to-dps-task-force-6656161

{{clear}}

==Warlocks MC==
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=Pj0qBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40&lpg=PA40&dq=pagans+mc+west+virginia+1989&source=bl&ots=7gSqTWFiGc&sig=ACfU3U3FkTmn0lmGI08PdW8v3phhKS8RkA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjb1sW-09L2AhUJV8AKHWxeDUUQ6AF6BAgWEAM#v=onepage&q=pagans%20mc%20west%20virginia%201989&f=false

<ref name="Transnational">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=mongols+mc+15+founding+members&source=bl&ots=30beuKTZHE&sig=ACfU3U0emqgoKBML0GGlI5fbnEzdLy4nuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikh-ORzuj9AhUIY8AKHQmUCiQ4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20mc%2015%20founding%20members&f=false|author=Thomas Barker|isbn=9780323298704|title=Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime|date=2014|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

===New Jersey===
http://www.mafianj.com/mc/warlocks.shtml

The Warlocks in [[South Jersey]] have establish an affiliation with the [[Philadelphia crime family]], involving strongarm tactics for local labor unions.<ref name="Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview">[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf ''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''] [[National Institute of Justice]] (1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123220851/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=January 23, 2022 }}</ref>

===Pennsylvania===
https://levittownnow.com/2016/04/09/fbi-police-raid-home-connected-to-outlaw-biker-gang-court-records-show/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230812010309/https://www.mcall.com/1992/04/03/warlock-arrest-end-of-chain-investigation-seven-years-old/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230812010334/https://www.mcall.com/1994/02/15/warlock-gets-another-5-years-martinson-sentenced-on-drug-charges-in-phila/

https://gangsterreport.com/philly-mc-member-fmr-youth-boxing-coach-going-away-for-more-than-a-decade-in-warlocks-meth-case/

https://www.justice.gov/usao-edpa/pr/warlock-motorcycle-gang-member-sentenced-11-years-prison

https://www.delcotimes.com/2016/05/20/warlocks-biker-gang-member-convicted-on-drug-raps/

https://www.delcotimes.com/2017/04/11/upper-darby-warlock-gets-jail-for-dealing-meth/

https://www.gloucestercitynews.net/clearysnotebook/2010/06/rumor-about-pagans-v-warlocks-brawl-just-thata-rumor.html

https://web.archive.org/web/20160409234928/https://levittownnow.com/2016/04/09/fbi-police-raid-home-connected-to-outlaw-biker-gang-court-records-show/

Bobby Nauss - https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=SJRXDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT115&lpg=PT115&dq=outlaws+ss+bowman+tattoo&source=bl&ots=IUoELgMJs1&sig=ACfU3U2b1segIQbhOJBa7RgqTtVRwOG6fw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi507n0krb7AhUIIsAKHYLUDIgQ6AF6BAgpEAM#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20ss%20bowman%20tattoo&f=false

<ref name="''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''] Pennsylvania Crime Commission (1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111193847/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.delcotimes.com/2016/05/20/warlocks-biker-gang-member-convicted-on-drug-raps/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230811222757/https://www.mcall.com/1992/04/05/outlaw-bikers-less-conspicuous-rico-act-stifles-gang-life-glamour/

Florida
https://archive.ph/rzfkM

===Florida===
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA85&lpg=PA85&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=gMMToBU2qr&sig=ACfU3U3qfK3Yg4YdeEBUeZ0KZOPaGFfe0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCAQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&lpg=PT141&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=TAC2zJQmWm&sig=ACfU3U3X1p_KFLnMRQCGMJih6NvJfmk1WQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCIQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

The Warlocks have provided security for the New Dixie Rights of the [[Ku Klux Klan]] in [[Apopka, Florida|Apopka]].<ref name="Overview">[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf ''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''] [[National Institute of Justice]] (1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123220851/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=January 23, 2022 }}</ref>

Undercover agents purchased 26 machine guns, 84 homemade bombs, and two silencers from the Warlocks during a thirteen-month investigation. In a search for several members who were wanted for weapons and explosives trafficking, local, state and federal law enforcement officers held and searched approximately a hundred Warlocks bikers following the funeral of a murdered club member in March 1991. Twelve Warlocks members, including the national president, were arrested. The raid came on the eve of an annual [[motorcycle rally]] in [[Daytona Beach, Florida|Daytona Beach]], which authorities believe could have been used as an opportunity for violence by the Warlocks and the rival Outlaws.<ref name="Overview"/>

https://web.archive.org/web/20221008170543/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/07/28/world-closing-in-on-the-warlocks/

<ref name="Transnational">{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=LXzZBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&lpg=PA118&dq=mongols+mc+15+founding+members&source=bl&ots=30beuKTZHE&sig=ACfU3U0emqgoKBML0GGlI5fbnEzdLy4nuQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwikh-ORzuj9AhUIY8AKHQmUCiQ4ChDoAXoECBgQAw#v=onepage&q=mongols%20mc%2015%20founding%20members&f=false|author=Thomas Barker|isbn=9780323298704|title=Biker Gangs and Transnational Organized Crime|date=2014|publisher=Routledge}}</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/article/12933864/the_orlando_sentinel/

https://archive.ph/Jt9Ix

https://web.archive.org/web/20221008170543/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/2003/07/28/world-closing-in-on-the-warlocks/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a2kIRYMWEe8C&pg=PA115&lpg=PA115&dq=raymond+bear+chaffin&source=bl&ots=bLUTQJUwhS&sig=ACfU3U02q2BzTAfQKosmvSi-rfc0Dlg_Pg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjJzdq559WAAxU4UEEAHfA2BuA4ChDoAXoECBkQAw#v=onepage&q=raymond%20bear%20chaffin&f=false

https://web.archive.org/web/20230812001910/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/03/04/officers-crash-biker-s-funeral/

==Wheels of Soul MC==
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=nwxjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT141&lpg=PT141&dq=warlocks+new+jersey+organized+crime&source=bl&ots=TAC2zJQmWm&sig=ACfU3U3X1p_KFLnMRQCGMJih6NvJfmk1WQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiWkaLV09WAAxXMi_0HHUN2D9I4FBDoAXoECCIQAw#v=onepage&q=warlocks%20new%20jersey%20organized%20crime&f=false

==Dirty Dozen MC==
{{Short description|American outlaw biker and gangster (1955–2014)}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name          = Robert Mora
| image         = 
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = 
| birth_date    = {{birth date|1955|10|18|mf=y}}
| birth_place   = Panama
| death_date    = {{death date and age|2014|01|01|1955|10|18|mf=y}}
| death_place   = [[Tempe, Arizona]], United States
| nationality   = 
| other_names   = "Chico"
| occupation    = [[Outlaw biker]], [[gangster]]
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = 
| predecessor   = 
| successor     = 
| allegiance    = [[Dirty Dozen Motorcycle Club|Dirty Dozen MC]] (–1997) <br> [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels MC]] (1997–2014)
| conviction         = 
| conviction_penalty = 
}}
'''Robert "Chico" Mora''' (October 18, 1955 – January 1, 2014) was an American [[outlaw biker]] and [[gangster]]

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=March , 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=10215310402729425&set=pcb.657867597726346

<ref name="Run On Prison A Boon To Town">[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18706866/arizona-republic/ Run On Prison A Boon To Town] Karina Bland, ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' (February 12, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328152733/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18706866/arizona-republic/ |date=March 28, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18706834/arizona-republic/ Hells Angels coming to Arizona?] ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' (April 28, 1997)</ref>

In 1980, Mora shot and killed two members of a rival club in [[Globe, Arizona|Globe]]. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment after pleading guilty to manslaughter, and was released around half of his sentence.<ref name="Chico Mora Led the Dirty Dozen Into the Hells Angels' Camp, Claiming Arizona for the Red and White"/>

claims that the Bad Company bikers were harassing members of the community and “acting like jerks.”<ref name="Hells Angels Shootout"/>

Mora had been dispatched to Globe from Tucson with the purpose of establishing a Dirty Dozen chapter in the city. The Bad Company of New Mexico were against it. 11 Dirty Dozen members were arrested that weekend. Mora, with his attorney Chuck Weninger by his side, turned himself in to Gila County Sheriff Lyman Peace on the Monday after the shooting. Mora was charged with first-degree murder, his bond set at $2 million. Mora claimed self-defense, sating that the two Bad Company bikers ambushed him in the bar's bathroom. In October 1980, he pleaded guilty to manslaughter. He was sentenced to five years' imprisonment in December 1980. Paroled in 1982, he became president of the Tucson chapter. Mora ruled Tucson, with local cops sometimes looking the other way and allowing the Dozen to keep out other bike clubs, according to some sources.<ref name="Chico Mora Led the Dirty Dozen Into the Hells Angels' Camp, Claiming Arizona for the Red and White"/>

Bad Company were also attempting to found a chapter in Globe. Mora served sentence at Florence.<ref name="Open Road?"/>




involved in methamphetamine trafficking<ref name="''Police Chief: Managing Success''"/>

Robert "Chico" Mora, Tucson chapter president<ref name="Chico Mora Led the Dirty Dozen Into the Hells Angels' Camp, Claiming Arizona for the Red and White"/>

Mora's last months<ref name="Chico Mora Led the Dirty Dozen Into the Hells Angels' Camp, Claiming Arizona for the Red and White"/>

there had been votes in previous years on the motion to merge with HA, but they had been unsuccessful until 1996, when Mora’s campaigning finally paid off. A majority of the about 80 members present voted yes. The 30-year reign of the Dozen in Arizona was kaput. Those patching over took 14 months to “prospect” as Angels, and in 1997, they officially became members of a worldwide brotherhood of outlaws.<ref name="Chico Mora Led the Dirty Dozen Into the Hells Angels' Camp, Claiming Arizona for the Red and White"/>


https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/slideshow/the-life-of-tucson-outlaw-biker-chico-mora-7432949 / https://web.archive.org/web/20220326220250/https://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/slideshow/the-life-of-tucson-outlaw-biker-chico-mora-7432949

https://www.ballisticmag.com/jay-dobyns-undercover-hells-angels/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220326221229/https://www.ballisticmag.com/jay-dobyns-undercover-hells-angels/

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33765738/hells-angels-phoenix/ / https://web.archive.org/web/20220328153250/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/33765738/hells-angels-phoenix/

Mora became a member of the [[Phoenix metropolitan area]] Hells Angels chapter, which consisted almost entirely of former Dirty Dozen members.<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RizAc7JFmy4C&pg=PA90&lpg=PA90&dq=dirty+dozen+florence+prison&source=bl&ots=ll6MhgDoC6&sig=ACfU3U3vReGP5xLfDRBPmrJOcMocTC9hlQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi-8o2j3On2AhULEcAKHRyfC704ChDoAXoECCQQAw#v=onepage&q=dirty%20dozen%20florence%20prison&f=false ''No Angel: My Undercover Journey to the Dark Heart of the Hells Angels''] [[Jay Dobyns]] (2009)</ref>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:1964 establishments in Arizona]]
[[:Category:Organizations established in 1964]]
[[:Category:1997 disestablishments in Arizona]]
[[:Category:Organizations disestablished in 1997]]
[[:Category:Defunct clubs and societies]]
[[:Category:Outlaw motorcycle clubs]]
[[:Category:Motorcycle clubs in the United States]]
[[:Category:Gangs in Arizona]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]

white, Hispanic or Asian.<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

[[Missoula, Montana]] has been the location of several motorcycle gang-related homicides, as well as inter-gang assaults and shootings.<ref name="Overview"/>

In September 1989, an arsenal of weapons – including four semi-automatic [[Mac-10]]s, two [[Uzi]]s, fourteen [[Silencer (firearms)|silencers]], eighteen revolvers, 48 [[blasting cap]]s, ammunition, and an [[Alameda County Sheriff's Office]] identification badge – was recovered by authorities in [[Newark, California|Newark]]. The weapons were stashed in storage lockers rented by Oakland Hells Angels chapter member Robert Dean Sandy.<ref name="Overview"/>

<ref name="Five-state">[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/11/11/Five-state-sweep-produces-arrests-of-32-Hells-Angels/2562563605200/ Five-state sweep produces arrests of 32 Hells Angels] Ray Means, [[United Press International]] (November 11, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320194345/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/11/11/Five-state-sweep-produces-arrests-of-32-Hells-Angels/2562563605200/ |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

An investigation coordinated by the [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]] (OCDETF) in 1989 and 1990 into the Sons of Silence's involvement in a cocaine ring resulted in several arrests and the seizure of over a hundred weapons, including a machine gun, $50,000 in cash, and property. The vice-president of the Commerce City Sons of Silence chapter was charged with continuing criminal enterprise, and narcotic and weapons violations. A second phase of the indictment also led to four additional members being charged with drug conspiracy. Seven people were ultimately convicted in the case.<ref name="Overview">[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf ''Outlaw motorcycle gangs – USA overview''] [[National Institute of Justice]] (1991) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220123220851/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/147691NCJRS.pdf |date=January 23, 2022 }}</ref>

The Sons of Silence have since been overtaken in membership size by the [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]], and remain the sixth-largest biker gang in the U.S.<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=October 28, 2021 }}</ref>

An increasing number of seizures of clandestine methamphetamine labs in rural Oregon in the late 1980s and early 1990s was attributed to the Hessians. The Hells Angels allegedly provided the Hessians with money to purchase property, glassware and chemicals in order to manufacture meth. In return, for every five pounds of the drug produced, four pounds reportedly went to the Hells Angels.<ref name="Overview"/>

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-30-mn-3027-story.html Hells Angel Acquitted in Drug Case] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (September 30, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320193327/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-30-mn-3027-story.html |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/11/30/77184/index.htm The Hells Angels' devilish business] Andy Serwer, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' (November 30, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320193619/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/11/30/77184/index.htm |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-12-mn-20490-story.html The State: 38 Hells Angels Held in Sweep] ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (November 12, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320194912/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1987-11-12-mn-20490-story.html |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/11/us/38-arrested-in-inquiry-of-hells-angels-gang.html 38 Arrested in Inquiry Of Hells Angels Gang] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (November 11, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320195147/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/11/11/us/38-arrested-in-inquiry-of-hells-angels-gang.html |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/02/nyregion/two-hell-s-angels-arrested.html Two Hell's Angels arrested] ''[[The New York Times]]'' (June 2, 1987) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220320195417/https://www.nytimes.com/1987/06/02/nyregion/two-hell-s-angels-arrested.html |date=March 20, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4100862/

https://www.wect.com/story/13191324/hells-angel-gang-member-arrested-faces-felony-charges/

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=ph03DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT198&lpg=PT198&dq=hells+angels+north+carolina+1987&source=bl&ots=xSGGE954DD&sig=ACfU3U166GBOuder-UTf79KCIqh0UHEpZg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiSgPqt89T2AhWLilwKHTAKCqwQ6AF6BAhDEAM#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20north%20carolina%201987&f=false

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/149030NCJRS.pdf


Arthur Carasis p. 24<ref name="Overview"/>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/203098950/ Attorney says client knew nothing of drug lab] ''[[Springfield News-Leader]]'' (February 2, 1988)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/207488334/ 2 men withdraw guilty pleas] Barbara Clauser, ''[[Springfield News-Leader]]'' (March 3, 1988)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/207571959/ Judge sentences drug traffickers to 5–18 years] ''[[Springfield News-Leader]]'' (March 18, 1988)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9085057/the-springfield-news-leader/ Motorcycle gangs, 'local boys' distribute meth] ''[[Springfield News-Leader]]'' (November 7, 1988)</ref>

<ref>[https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/884/1081/464400/ ''United States of America v. Lowell Lesley Bredell''] [[Justia]] (November 14, 1988)</ref>

https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/149780862/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/153800566/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/145434827/

https://www.fresnobee.com/news/local/crime/article29667103.html
https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/06/24/disappearance-of-contra-costa-hells-angel-part-of-fbi-investigation-feds-allege-one-of-three-missing-members-was-murdered-cremated


https://www.newspapers.com/profile/john_eugene_henderson/

<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008){{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=November 28, 2021 }}</ref>

The outlaw motorcycle gangs active in [[Los Angeles County, California|Los Angeles County]] are, in order of size, the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]], the [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]], the [[Vagos Motorcycle Club|Vagos]], the [[Hessians Motorcycle Club|Hessians]], the [[Chosen Few Motorcycle Club|Chosen Few]], the [[Diablos Motorcycle Club|Diablos]], the [[Devils Diciples Motorcycle Club|Devils Diciples]], the Devil's Henchmen, the Vigilantes, and the Sundowners.<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>


<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs"/>

drug culture<ref name="Overview"/>

https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2015/05/22/408595957/uneasy-rider-the-origins-of-motorcycle-gangs-and-how-they-remain-a-force?t=1648168383161

https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/bonds-brotherhood-origin-and-growth-outlaw-motorcycle-gangs

https://www.history.co.uk/history-of-biker-gangs/the-genesis-of-the-modern-motorcycle-club

Shortly after the Laughlin incident, a letter was sent to the Las Vegas Police threatening to "take out any pig issuing harassing citations". The letter ended with "Death to all who wear the badge".<ref name="Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs">[https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs] Deputy John Williams, [[Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department]] (2008) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20211128070159/https://info.publicintelligence.net/LA-OutlawBikers.pdf |date=November 28, 2021 }}</ref>


https://www.sandiegoreader.com/news/1990/jan/18/what-could-happen/

https://books-google-co-uk.translate.goog/books?id=Cq5jDgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24&lpg=PT24&dq=anthony+tait+operation+cacus&source=bl&ots=14NVPUIQIN&sig=ACfU3U1yFHmudq61G-a36ul77U7GG49iBg&_x_tr_sl=da&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en&_x_tr_pto=sc#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20operation%20cacus&f=false

https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/blood-and-honour-84554.html

https://apnews.com/article/5d2a414828039733ecc1e3dc2f8d7633

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=4l84ouj7VSkC&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=dirty+dozen+vagos+arizona&source=bl&ots=sEbUksc3fJ&sig=ACfU3U0lkjt7CEMS158OfTs3n3_-k-yWeA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiT-qC-6vL2AhUbhlwKHZzLD-MQ6AF6BAhOEAM#v=onepage&q=dirty%20dozen%20vagos%20arizona&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT22&lpg=PT22&dq=anthony+tait+hells+angels+of+the+90s&source=bl&ots=l64TnOQZj9&sig=ACfU3U3N0DM7FtAg8zmCYGKBxMrIL_C0hA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiG5_e3zfj2AhVcQEEAHREaCUcQ6AF6BAhKEAM#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20hells%20angels%20of%20the%2090s&f=false


<ref>[https://www.vice.com/en/article/9kp99v/drug-war-secret-history-book-peter-walsh-interview-2019 Uncovering the Golden Age of Britain’s Drug Smuggling Trade] Max Daly, [[vice.com]] (18 January 2019) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328160245/https://www.vice.com/en/article/9kp99v/drug-war-secret-history-book-peter-walsh-interview-2019 |date=28 March 2022 }}</ref>

https://download.e-bookshelf.de/download/0000/7056/03/L-X-0000705603-0003126039.XHTML/index.xhtml

https://www.scribd.com/doc/96222614/Guns-Powder-Payoffs

https://totalcrime.co.uk/2012/09/28/organisedcrime/

https://b-ok.cc/book/5910610/414e86

https://www.justice.gov/usao-edmi/pr/national-president-devils-diciples-motorcycle-gang-sentenced-life-imprisonment

Jim Nolan<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/164144317/ Biker's molestation] ''[[The Arizona Republic]]'' (August 31, 1984)</ref><ref name="''Organized Crime in America''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA398&lpg=PA398&dq=huns+motorcycle+club+bridgeport+ct&source=bl&ots=2oj5ryJbVU&sig=ACfU3U2PD1dohJXByhrf2dkMietTCsW5Nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIlPK44pD1AhUZQkEAHZPkCk04FBDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=huns%20motorcycle%20club%20bridgeport%20ct&f=false ''Organized Crime in America''] [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328154228/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA398&lpg=PA398&dq=huns+motorcycle+club+bridgeport+ct&source=bl&ots=2oj5ryJbVU&sig=ACfU3U2PD1dohJXByhrf2dkMietTCsW5Nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIlPK44pD1AhUZQkEAHZPkCk04FBDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=huns%20motorcycle%20club%20bridgeport%20ct&f=false |date=March 28, 2022 }}</ref>


The Devils Diciples became involved in a violent dispute with the [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]], which was settled after representatives of both clubs met in [[Mobile, Alabama|Mobile]] in February 1982. Around this time, the Devils Diciples were also placing dancers controlled by the club in [[go-go bar]]s in [[Birmingham, Alabama|Birmingham]], allegedly by threatening bar owners at gunpoint.<ref name="''Organized Crime in America''">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA398&lpg=PA398&dq=huns+motorcycle+club+bridgeport+ct&source=bl&ots=2oj5ryJbVU&sig=ACfU3U2PD1dohJXByhrf2dkMietTCsW5Nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIlPK44pD1AhUZQkEAHZPkCk04FBDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=huns%20motorcycle%20club%20bridgeport%20ct&f=false ''Organized Crime in America''] [[United States House Committee on the Judiciary|U.S. House Committee on the Judiciary]] (1983) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220328154228/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=q9D5L0r5b5gC&pg=PA398&lpg=PA398&dq=huns+motorcycle+club+bridgeport+ct&source=bl&ots=2oj5ryJbVU&sig=ACfU3U2PD1dohJXByhrf2dkMietTCsW5Nw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjIlPK44pD1AhUZQkEAHZPkCk04FBDoAXoECBoQAw#v=onepage&q=huns%20motorcycle%20club%20bridgeport%20ct&f=false |date=March 28, 2022 }}</ref>

==Wheels of Soul MC==
https://web.archive.org/web/20220606180003/https://www.reviewjournal.com/crime/courts/motorcycle-gang-member-appears-in-court-in-fatal-stabbing-case-2588021/

===Pennsylvania===
<ref name="''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''">[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''] Pennsylvania Crime Commission (1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111193847/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

==Anthony Tait==
{{Short description|American outlaw biker and FBI informant}}
{{Infobox criminal
| name          = Anthony Tait
| image         = 
| alt           = <!-- descriptive text for use by speech synthesis (text-to-speech) software -->
| caption       = 
| birth_name    = Anthony John Tait
| birth_date    = 
| birth_place   = [[Anchorage, Alaska]], U.S.
| death_date    =  
| death_place   = 
| nationality   = 
| other_names   = "Tony T."
| occupation    = [[Outlaw biker]], [[informant]]
| years_active  = 
| known_for     = [[Federal Bureau of Investigation|FBI]] informant within the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club|Hells Angels]]
| notable_works = 
| allegiance    = [[Hells Angels|Hells Angels MC]] (1982–1987)
}}
'''Anthony John Tait''' is an American former [[outlaw biker]] and [[Federal Bureau of Investigation]] (FBI) [[informant]]. Tait became an informant for the FBI while serving as the sergeant-at-arms of the [[Anchorage, Alaska]] chapter of the [[Hells Angels Motorcycle Club]], and he played a major role in the [[Organized Crime Drug Enforcement Task Force]]'s Operation CACUS, which targeted the club in 1987.

Tait is the subject of the 1996 book ''Hell's Angels: Into the Abyss'' by the Canadian writer Yves Lavigne.<ref name="Inside the Angels, Part 1: The man who broke the East End biker gang">[https://vancouversun.com/news/metro/inside-the-angels-part-1-the-man-who-infiltrated-the-angels Inside the Angels, Part 1: The man who broke the East End biker gang] Kim Bolan, ''[[Vancouver Sun]]'' (28 January 2013) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505162534/https://vancouversun.com/news/metro/inside-the-angels-part-1-the-man-who-infiltrated-the-angels |date=5 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Informant Was ‘Coke’ User; Mistrial Declared">[https://apnews.com/article/5d2a414828039733ecc1e3dc2f8d7633 Informant Was ‘Coke’ User; Mistrial Declared] Bob Egelko, [[Associated Press]] (May 24, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505154459/https://apnews.com/article/5d2a414828039733ecc1e3dc2f8d7633 |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Blood and honour">[https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/blood-and-honour-84554.html Blood and honour] ''[[The Independent]]'' (1 January 2004) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505154844/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/blood-and-honour-84554.html |date=5 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Hells Angel of the Future">[http://www.booksincanada.com/article_view.asp?id=309 The Hells Angel of the Future] Derek Lundy, ''[[Books in Canada]]'' {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403214048/http://www.booksincanada.com/article_view.asp?id=309 |date=April 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="The Hells Angels' devilish business">[https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/11/30/77184/index.htm The Hells Angels' devilish business] Andrew E. Serwer, Erick Schonfeld and Wilton Woods, ''[[Fortune (magazine)|Fortune]]'' (November 30, 1992) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505155515/https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/11/30/77184/index.htm |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell’s Angels: Into the Abyss Is a Journey into Darkness">[https://craigematters.wixsite.com/under-the-wing/single-post/2016/04/26/hell-s-angels-into-the-abyss-reader-s-responsereview Hell’s Angels: Into the Abyss Is a Journey into Darkness] craigematters.wixsite.com (April 26, 2016) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505155906/https://craigematters.wixsite.com/under-the-wing/single-post/2016/04/26/hell-s-angels-into-the-abyss-reader-s-responsereview |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Jeanette Johnson v. Anthony Tait">[https://law.justia.com/cases/alaska/supreme-court/1989/s-2361-1.html ''Jeanette Johnson v. Anthony Tait''] [[Justia]] (May 12, 1989) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505160049/https://law.justia.com/cases/alaska/supreme-court/1989/s-2361-1.html |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Angels in Arizona">[https://www.tucsonweekly.com/tw/08-15-96/cover.htm Angels in Arizona] Karen Brande, ''[[Tucson Weekly]]'' (August 15, 1996) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220326214037/https://www.tucsonweekly.com/tw/08-15-96/cover.htm |date=March 26, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Review of Federal Asset Forfeiture Program">[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=44UgKW4dDDcC&pg=PA336&lpg=PA336&dq=anthony+tait+anchorage&source=bl&ots=fOqrCcVJ6U&sig=ACfU3U0eUo07FqqxuqWFnKrf_owuqtVQcg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUiaK04fj2AhXRmFwKHU_QDbw4ChDoAXoECCcQAw#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20anchorage&f=false ''Review of Federal Asset Forfeiture Program''] [[United States House Oversight Subcommittee on National Security|U.S. House Oversight Subcommittee on National Security]] (June 22, 1993) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220403214650/https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=44UgKW4dDDcC&pg=PA336&lpg=PA336&dq=anthony+tait+anchorage&source=bl&ots=fOqrCcVJ6U&sig=ACfU3U0eUo07FqqxuqWFnKrf_owuqtVQcg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjUiaK04fj2AhXRmFwKHU_QDbw4ChDoAXoECCcQAw#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20anchorage&f=false |date=April 3, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Ex-Hell's Angel tells of bomb deal, Greensboro court heavily guarded">[https://greensboro.com/ex-hells-angel-tells-of-bomb-deal-greensboro-court-heavily-guarded/article_5b5f03d5-3ee9-5186-b596-7e635590d9fd.html Ex-Hell's Angel tells of bomb deal, Greensboro court heavily guarded] Dawn DeCwinkel-Kane, ''[[News & Record]]'' (September 17, 1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505162011/https://greensboro.com/ex-hells-angel-tells-of-bomb-deal-greensboro-court-heavily-guarded/article_5b5f03d5-3ee9-5186-b596-7e635590d9fd.html |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Hell's Angel: The Life and Times of Sonny Barger and The Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club">[http://www.organized-crime.de/revbar01sonnybarger.htm ''Hell's Angel: The Life and Times of Sonny Barger and The Hell's Angels Motorcycle Club''] organized-crime.de {{Webarchive|url= |date=5 May 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="United States of America v. Lowell Lesley Bredell">[https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/884/884.F2d.1081.88-1718.html ''United States of America v. Lowell Lesley Bredell''] [[Justia]] (November 14, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505164252/https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/appellate-courts/F2/884/1081/464400/ |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Louisville trial gives bikers an easy ride">[https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/10/23/louisville-trial-gives-bikers-an-easy-ride/9abec846-717e-4c2c-88f1-42d59f459690/ Louisville trial gives bikers an easy ride] Michael York, ''[[The Washington Post]]'' (October 23, 1988) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505190029/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1988/10/23/louisville-trial-gives-bikers-an-easy-ride/9abec846-717e-4c2c-88f1-42d59f459690/ |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="Businesses with Criminal Connections">[https://businessmanagement.news/2018/10/30/businesses-with-criminal-connections/ Businesses with Criminal Connections] businessmanagement.news (October 30, 2018) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220505192515/https://businessmanagement.news/2018/10/30/businesses-with-criminal-connections/ |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-30-mn-3027-story.html Hells Angel Acquitted in Drug Case]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/apr/30/names-of-hells-angels-jurors-to-be-kept-secret/ Names Of Hells Angels Jurors To Be Kept Secret] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220930103116/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1996/apr/30/names-of-hells-angels-jurors-to-be-kept-secret/ |date=September 30, 2022 }}</ref>

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=T0FvDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA185&lpg=PA185&dq=anthony+tait+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=R0Q_P2IzF4&sig=ACfU3U3zR7OdBsMcKdwbifa06FDHf-hU0w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjstZuPwsv3AhXrQUEAHbNvCrU4MhDoAXoECAIQAw#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=y4TAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA245&lpg=PA245&dq=anthony+tait+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=G4VD2qvA65&sig=ACfU3U28t9y_A9x8bG8E6cJlbv6AUjO_PA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjstZuPwsv3AhXrQUEAHbNvCrU4MhDoAXoECAMQAw#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT22&lpg=PT22&dq=anthony+tait+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=l65LvTPXl9&sig=ACfU3U1p3R7rXCw-P2WKMPUZ-RAYmbsU3w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjstZuPwsv3AhXrQUEAHbNvCrU4MhDoAXoECA8QAw#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20hells%20angels&f=false

https://www.studocu.com/en-us/document/southern-illinois-university-edwardsville/outlaw-motorcycle/unit-2-summary-notes/20352689

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8PFKDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA245&lpg=PA245&dq=anthony+tait+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=GpGmAnIThp&sig=ACfU3U3rqywyT91RkTqp3v3GK8OSGbc7iQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjstZuPwsv3AhXrQUEAHbNvCrU4MhDoAXoECA4QAw#v=onepage&q=anthony%20tait%20hells%20angels&f=false

http://www.xavier-raufer.com/archives/mcc/html/archives/memoires_theses/anonyme/fr1/motards-14.html

https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18706834/arizona-republic/

https://web.archive.org/web/20230218210812/https://ekstrabladet.dk/krimi/ha-praesident-han-er-en-forraeder/9627594

https://www.pressreader.com/denmark/ekstra-bladet/20230215/281762748427670

https://web.archive.org/web/20230308045157/https://www.seoghoer.dk/streaming/hells-angels-storhed-og-fald-er-skraemmende-god-true-crime-journalistik

https://web.archive.org/web/20220707021542/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-09-30-mn-3027-story.html James "Guinea" Colucci

https://web.archive.org/web/20180628155548/http://fortune.com/2012/12/02/the-hells-angels-devilish-business-fortune-1992/

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-bonds-4

https://web.archive.org/web/20241209054429/https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2007/mar/11/angels-on-trial/

Justia

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

<ref name="">[] () {{Webarchive|url= |date=May 5, 2022 }}</ref>

===References===
{{Reflist}}

{{Hells Angels Motorcycle Club}}
{{OutlawMotorcycleGroups}}

[[:Category:Living people]]
[[:Category:20th-century American criminals]]
[[:Category:American male criminals]]
[[:Category:American gangsters]]
[[:Category:Federal Bureau of Investigation informants]]
[[:Category:People from Anchorage, Alaska]]
[[:Category:Hells Angels]]

==Other==
Canada
* [[The Syndicate (gang)]]
* [[Gregory Woolley]]
* [[Daniel Desrochers]]
* [[Opération SharQc]]
* [[Alain Strong]]

Finland
* [[United Brotherhood (gang)]]
* [[Natural Born Killers (gang)]]
* [[M.O.R.E.]]
* [[Rogues Gallery (gang)]]
* [[Bats (gang)]]

Denmark
* [[Black Army (gang)]]
* [[Bloodz]]
* [[Brothas]]
* [[Loyal to Familia]]
* [[United Tribuns]]
* [[Copenhagen Biker War]]
* [[Bullshit Motorcycle Club]]
* [[Rockerloven]]
* [[Operation Rimfrost]]

Norway
* [[Young Guns (gang)]]
* [[A-gang]]
* [[B-gang]]
* [[Tveita gang]]

Chinese
* [[Green Dragons (gang)]]
* [[Fuk Ching]]
* [[14K (triad)]]
* [[Bamboo Union]]
* [[Big Circle Gang]]
* [[Four Seas Gang]]
* [[Luen Group]]
* [[Sun Yee On]]
* [[Wo Hop To]]
* [[Johnny Kon]]

Jamaican
* [[Dog Posse]]
* [[Spangler Posse]]
* [[Tel Aviv Posse]]
* [[Waterhouse Posse]]

HA
* [[Frank Hanebuth]]
* [[Willem van Boxtel]]
* [[Daniel Uneputty]]
* [[Michael Brokside]]
* [[Brian Sandberg]]
* [[Bent Svane Nielsen]]
* [[Leif Ivar Kristiansen]]
* [[Torkjel Alsaker]]
* [[Sandy Alexander]]
* [[Daniel Bifield]]
* [[Odis Garrett]]
* [[James Brandes]]
* [[Kenneth Owen (biker)]]
* [[Sergey Walton]]
* [[Clarence Crouch]]
* [[George Christie (biker)]]
* [[Robert Mora]]
* [[Ian Harris (biker)]]
* [[Anthony Tait]]

Outalaws
* [[Wayne Hicks (biker)]]
* [[James Wheeler (biker)]]
* [[Walter Posnjak]]
* [[Thore Holm Hansen]]

Mob
* [[C-Notes]]
* [[Michael Zaffarano]]
* [[The Corporation (organized crime)]]
* [[Joseph Ciancaglini, Sr.]]
* [[Joseph Sullivan (mobster)]]
* [[Bath Avenue Crew]]
* [[List of Bonanno crime family members]]
* [[List of former Bonanno crime family members]]
* [[List of Colombo crime family members]]
* [[List of former Colombo crime family members]]
* [[List of Gambino crime family members]]
* [[List of former Gambino crime family members]]
* [[List of Genovese crime family members]]
* [[List of former Genovese crime family members]]
* [[List of DeCavalcante crime family members]]
* [[List of former DeCavalcante crime family mobsters]]
* [[List of Philadelphia crime family members]]
* [[List of former Philadelphia crime family members]]
* [[List of Patriarca crime family members]]
* [[List of former Patriarca crime family members]]
* [[List of Chicago Outfit members]]
* [[List of former Chicago Outfit members]]
* [[Joseph Coffey (police officer)]]
* [[Ralph Salerno]]
* [[John Ormento]]
* [[New Springville Boys]]
* [[Francesco Bommarito]]
* [[Raffaele Quasarano]]
* [[Peter Vitale]]

Detroit
* [[Pony Down]]
* [[Richard Carter (drug trafficker)]]
* [[Demetrius Holloway]]
* [[Best Friends (gang)]]
* [[Young Boys Inc.]]
* [[Curtis Napier]]
* [[Damion Lucas]]
* [[Curry brothers]]
* [[Milton "Butch" Jones]]
* [[Chambers Brothers (gang)]]

Bikers
* [[Wheels of Soul]]
* [[Huns Motorcycle Club]]

Other
* [[Vietnamese organized crime]]
* [[Danny Karam]]
* [[James Griffiths (criminal)]]
* [[Martin Hodas]]
* [[Show World Center]]

https://mafiahistory.us/maf-b-de.html
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/5425044/711958-detroit-mob/ Detroit mob

https://archive.org/stream/HarryReems/Section_10_34_djvu.txt Mickey Zaffarano

https://www.nytimes.com/1972/07/17/archives/eboli-is-15th-gangland-victim-in-a-year.html Early 1970s Colombo / Gambino murders

'''Vincent Paul Diorio''' (July 13, 1929 – March 16, 2010) was a [[Soldato|soldier]] in the Genovese Connecticut faction. The son of Josephine ([[née]] Rizzuto) and Antonio Diorio, he was born in [[Bridgeport, Connecticut|Bridgeport]] and served in the [[United States Army|U.S. Army]] before settling in [[Shelton, Connecticut|Shelton]]. Diorio and his wife, Italia Fonzone, had two daughters, Joanna and Patricia.<ref>[https://abriola.com/tribute/details/2860/Vincent-Diorio/obituary.html Obituary of Vincent Paul Diorio] abriola.com</ref>

Diorio was indicted by a grand jury on charges of illegally possessing three shotguns and a rifle after state and federal authorities raided his home on  April 10, 1980. The search was related to an investigation into the murders of Connecticut mob associates William Shamansky and Joseph Rabbitt, who were each shot dead on April 7 and 11 respectively.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19498104/hartford-courant/ Hell's Angel's Arrest Tied to Probe of Slaying] Andrew Kreig, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (May 2, 1980)</ref> Diorio was questioned by police in relation to the Shamansky and Rabbitt murders, but no charges were brought against him.<ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17094172/hartford-courant/ Motorcyclists Are Suspected Mob Slayers] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 21, 1980)</ref>

Diorio died at [[Griffin Hospital]] in [[Derby, Connecticut|Derby]] on March 16, 2020 at the age of 80.<ref>[https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/ctpost/name/vincent-diorio-obituary?id=21858434 Vincent Diorio obituary] [[Legacy.com]] (March 16, 2010)</ref>

Thomas Vastano, Genovese <ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17094172/hartford-courant/ Motorcyclists Are Suspected Mob Slayers] ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (April 21, 1980)</ref> <ref>[https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19498104/hartford-courant/ Hell's Angel's Arrest Tied to Probe of Slaying] Andrew Kreig, ''[[Hartford Courant]]'' (May 2, 1980)</ref> https://www.ancientfaces.com/person/thomas-vastano-birth-1909-death-1980/7577326 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17869829/hartford-courant/ https://www.connecticutmag.com/history/the-history-of-the-mafia-in-connecticut/article_0ec8879d-1367-5fcd-9493-3b5ecf5e7294.html https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/156622727/thomas-j_-vastano https://www.archives.gov/files/research/jfk/releases/docid-32316500.pdf

Satudarah in Denmark has been involved in conflicts with the [[Bandidos Motorcycle Club|Bandidos]], [[Gremium Motorcycle Club|Gremium]] and [[Mongols Motorcycle Club|Mongols]].<ref>[https://nordjyske.dk/nyheder/drabet-paa-nedim-yasar-spor-peger-i-retning-ad-rockere/a45f2039-d025-3689-8334-8f941035ba1a Drabet på Nedim Yasar: Spor peger i retning ad rockere] Nordyske (7 December 2018)</ref>

Satudarah's membership in Spain are predominantly Dutch citizens.<ref>[https://english.elpais.com/elpais/2014/08/25/inenglish/1408981501_114590.html Spain on alert over new biker gangs] José Precedo, ''[[El País]]'' (25 August 2014)</ref>

'''Anthony "Tony" Carubia''' (1919 – 1981) Genovese soldier
https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/06/29/anthony-carubia/
https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/431786604/
https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp/377/1099/2343582/

'''James "Jimmy Baker" Catania''' Genovese
https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/06/25/james-catania/
https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/AZWKo1UAXl4S6oDuK4db0B21aVP-5mHdO4qahNSujcNc7jUpjNSjnsY/
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Catania-140

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=xj0xCgAAQBAJ&pg=RA1-PA19&lpg=RA1-PA19&dq=outlaws+mc+gray+region+kentucky&source=bl&ots=5JAIkSS004&sig=ACfU3U2aHJdDNuH1SV4fGde0hQKVUEVCVA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjR-8esq6XpAhWhonEKHUJXCs4Q6AEwHXoECBAQAQ#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20mc%20gray%20region%20kentucky&f=false ''Running with the Devil: The True Story of the ATF's Infiltration of the Hells Angels''] Kerrie Droban (2007)</ref>

In 1967, four Hells Angels members invaded a migrant labor camp in [[Pompano Beach, Florida|Pompano Beach]], seeking revenge for the beating of two club members near the camp. In the ensuing brawl, Catalina Flores, an eleven-year-old girl, was shot and killed by a stray bullet. 

<ref>[https://archive.org/stream/nsia-MotorcycleGroups/nsia-MotorcycleGroups/Motorcycle%20Groups%2001_djvu.txt]</ref>
<ref>[https://casetext.com/case/mccaffrey-v-state-1 ''McCaffrey v. State''] (April 11, 1968)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/92732NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in America''] (1983)</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA119&lpg=PA119&dq=john+cleve+webb+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=gLKUivUZpq&sig=ACfU3U2qmt6yrf4R2XEnzY72Kj1ep5UJPw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwi2-KXDibvlAhVhXRUIHXOTA4EQ6AEwCHoECAkQAQ#v=onepage&q=john%20cleve%20webb%20hells%20angels&f=false Biker Gangs and Organized Crime]</ref>

Various<ref>[https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/12182360/brothers-behind-bars-newsletter New theory emerging in 1974 murder of Hell’s Angel] Robin Kaminski, ''[[The Daily Item (Lynn)|The Daily Item]]'' (July 26, 2011)</ref> 

<ref>[https://www.apnews.com/eac24564bbbb4a88807dc72ae6d78370 Biker gang’s second-in-command sentenced to 2 life terms]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/south-australia/adelaide-bikie-violence-four-unsolved-highprofile-murder-cases/news-story/e73eabd2b168c18beb99f73b8a97fc06 Adelaide bikie violence: Four unsolved high-profile murder cases]</ref>

<ref>[https://edmontonsun.com/2016/04/06/hells-angels-ordered-to-take-anger-management-courses-after-skirmish-with-rival-bikers/wcm/7d1b7f84-c26d-48ad-8ac3-f8a332a17170 Hells Angels ordered to take anger management courses after skirmish with rival bikers]</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6dtpZvDVImcC&pg=PT10&lpg=PT10&dq=don+chambers+jesse+fain&source=bl&ots=l58OpPR2gb&sig=ACfU3U1MhQDy9GbWloqHPFV_ogFhESIhUQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiY_JWugZvoAhUHHMAKHVQhDJMQ6AEwBHoECAoQAQ#v=onepage&q=don%20chambers%20jesse%20fain&f=false Outlaws]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1977/12/10/archives/suspect-in-71-slaying-convicted.html Warlocks]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-sd-biker-shooting-020309-2009feb03-story.html Hells Angels bikers to admit South Dakota charges]</ref>

<ref>[https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1992/11/30/77184/index.htm THE HELLS ANGELS' DEVILISH BUSINESS While many Angels and other outlaw bikers are just rowdies, a disturbing number are involved in crime. Police say they make big money in the drug trade.]</ref>

<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-017-9310-y Organizing on two wheels: uncovering the organizational patterns of Hells Angels MC in Sweden]</ref>

<ref>[https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12117-017-9322-7 Preventing organised crime originating from outlaw motorcycle clubs]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.upi.com/Archives/1982/07/28/Undercover-drug-agents-arrested-a-Hells-Angels-motorcycle-gang/3631396676800/ Undercover drug agents arrested a Hell's Angels motorcycle gang...]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.wifr.com/content/news/Hells-Angels-members-trial-begins-445854903.html UPDATE: Verdict reached for three Hells Angels]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nrk.no/emne/bandidos-og-hells-angels-1.36047 Bandidos og Hells Angels]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.state.nj.us/sci/pdf/ocreport.pdf Pagans]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.spokesman.com/stories/1995/dec/10/man-killed-hells-angels-leader-arrested/ Man Killed; Hells Angels Leader Arrested]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/edmonton/alberta-hells-angel-released-from-greek-prison-for-corfu-killing-1.5332885 Hells Angels hopeful involved in Greek killing returns to Alberta]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.nytimes.com/1997/03/03/world/sweden-s-courteous-police-spoil-a-hell-s-angels-clubhouse-party.html Sweden's Courteous Police Spoil A Hell's Angels Clubhouse Party]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.theage.com.au/technology/riding-low-the-world-of-bikie-inc-20070623-ge571r.html Gypsy Jokers]</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=RA5XCAAAQBAJ&pg=PT99&lpg=PT99&dq=thomas+shull+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=GBQ6vznGlL&sig=ACfU3U3CThhg3mULdJjHQXdiJEU1-l0O9w&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiwksGM2IbrAhWhoFwKHV4NBn04ChDoATAAegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=thomas%20shull%20hells%20angels&f=false ''The Angels Do Not Forget''] Raymond C. Morgan (1979)</ref>

<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=6EVV980kkbsC&pg=PA10&lpg=PA10&dq=enis+crnic+cleveland&source=bl&ots=7tbyBO1Cd6&sig=ACfU3U3Zbh7YGeOBipnHVp3dmOd4cgbzag&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwii-MTkv7bpAhXmShUIHVq0DFsQ6AEwCHoECAgQAQ#v=onepage&q=enis%20crnic%20cleveland&f=false ''Outlaw Motorcycle Gangs: Organized Crime on Wheels''] Phillip C. McGuire (1987)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.clevescene.com/cleveland/red-all-over-a-former-cleveland-hells-angel-and-confidential-informants-path-from-destruction-to-redemption-and-back/Content?oid=3674079 The Last Ride of a Cleveland Hells Angel Informant] Vince Grzegorek, ''[[Cleveland Scene]]'' (October 9, 2013)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/SAN-FRANCISCO-Undercover-agent-wiretaps-led-to-2536833.php Undercover agent, wiretaps led to bust of Hells Angels' leaders] Jaxon Van Derbeken, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (April 22, 2006)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/3-bombs-explode-at-home-of-Mongols-leader-3268913.php 3 bombs explode at home of Mongols leader] Jaxon Van Derbeken and Steve Rubenstein, ''[[San Francisco Chronicle]]'' (September 19, 2008)</ref>

https://www.nytimes.com/1990/07/06/nyregion/youth-14-dies-after-fireworks-explode-in-can.html

https://www.nytimes.com/1990/10/23/nyregion/2-hell-s-angels-are-charged-in-death-of-14-year-old-boy.html

https://www.latimes.com/local/lanow/la-me-ln-hells-angels-leader-convicted-in-san-diego-20130906-story.html

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-real-prop-known-as-77-east-3rd-st-ny

https://www.leagle.com/decision/1986821783f2d381810

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1987/12/11/The-president-of-the-New-York-City-chapter-of/6235566197200/

https://mg.co.za/article/2000-05-26-hells-angels-top-durban-cop-implicated/

https://www.iol.co.za/news/south-africa/killer-spills-beans-on-drug-syndicate-15016

https://casetext.com/case/us-v-moran-37

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=3BE_bCXG-QgC&pg=PA22&lpg=PA22&dq=hells+angels+bridgeport+ct&source=bl&ots=kVYyIcvnML&sig=ACfU3U1n72zI8q3k4M7eV5DVJ48_0dGqtA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj_kP3D2K_rAhXoURUIHXC1BEM4PBDoATAIegQICRAB#v=onepage&q=hells%20angels%20bridgeport%20ct&f=false

https://www.leagle.com/decision/1985228127nh1011212

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1984/06/18/Police-said-most-of-the-50000-bikers-who-roared/3452456379200/

https://law.justia.com/cases/federal/district-courts/FSupp2/89/1144/2411592/

https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-news/hells-angels-masters-of-menace-84148/

https://apnews.com/18bf015fa9b9e818479b6a1f7cd9801e

https://www.sfgate.com/bayarea/article/Oakland-driver-charged-in-Hells-Angels-death-2325731.php#ixzz1buqphhkO

https://www.sfchronicle.com/news/article/11-Hells-Angels-members-accused-of-violent-12372629.php

Warlocks membership between 60 and 136<ref>[https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=pg28hmWc_4wC&pg=PA77&lpg=PA77&dq=alan+hogan+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=gLM_mxV_jk&sig=ACfU3U365HNn7jNY9cODJCW6yejUbgLjWQ&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjawP7Fg7zrAhWZi1wKHVhOCnU4ChDoATAJegQIARAB#v=onepage&q=alan%20hogan%20hells%20angels&f=false ''Biker Gangs and Organized Crime''] Thomas Barker (2014)</ref>

https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2003-dec-04-me-hellsangels4-story.html

https://www.mercurynews.com/2011/10/15/hells-angels-member-gunned-down-at-san-jose-funeral/

https://www.courthousenews.com/wine-country-hells-angels-indicted-on-racketeering-charges/

https://www.lavenir.net/cnt/dmf20170307_00970156/61-perquisitions-et-34-privations-de-liberte-les-motards-no-surrender-vises

https://groups.google.com/forum/#!topic/alt.true-crime/15-WG52hmfU

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19970218&id=5msnAAAAIBAJ&sjid=NNgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2680,1741863&hl=en

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2245&dat=19940926&id=8ZIzAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HDIHAAAAIBAJ&pg=6110,3363083&hl=en

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1916&dat=19940927&id=RStJAAAAIBAJ&sjid=sQYNAAAAIBAJ&pg=1327,3946899&hl=en

https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1665&dat=19810709&id=Fz8aAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RiQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3041,996176&hl=en

https://openjurist.org/452/f2d/391/united-states-v-haley

https://apnews.com/b8f62a82e117b6d3fb7c83400d6c4493
https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/01/16/Judge-found-guilty-of-bribery/7993474699600/
https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1985-01-17-mn-7716-story.html

https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/12/24/Hells-Angel-on-FBI-10-most-wanted-list-surrenders/9961535784400/

<ref>[https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1998-dec-15-me-54246-story.html Fellow Bikers Pay Respects to Slain Hells Angel] Solomon Moore, ''[[Los Angeles Times]]'' (December 15, 1998)</ref>

https://law.resource.org/pub/us/case/reporter/F2/452/452.F2d.391.71-1211.71-1208.71-1183.html Minnesota

https://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/3790-hells-angels-of-norway-is-oficially-recognized-as-a-mafia-organization Norway

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6505941/ AK81

https://www.bt.dk/krimi/ny-brutal-bande-skaber-kaos-vaebnet-bandekrig-afpresning-og-overfald-paa Black Army

https://www.iltalehti.fi/kotimaa/a/8d5997da-85d8-4c56-af2d-8970c36f5791 United Brotherhood

https://www.thelocal.se/20181105/11-arrested-after-suspected-biker-gang-shootout-wounds-8-in-western-sweden-molnlycke HA Sweden

https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/her-er-politiets-fiasko-liste/65484089 Norway

https://www.aftenposten.no/osloby/i/kwEn6/albansk-heroinliga-i-oslo-utfordres Norway

https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/cabinet-papers-199293-released-hells-angels-run-out-of-town-20161216-gtd3oo.html Australia

https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/going-to-war-with-the-hells-angels-how-speed-became-big-in-australia-20191023-p533e3.html HA Australia

https://yle.fi/uutiset/3-6507990 Finland

https://www.an.no/nyheter/outlaws-har-etablert-seg-i-salten/s/1-33-4068447 Thore Holm Hansen

https://faktalink.dk/titelliste/bandekrigen-i-danmark
https://nyheder.tv2.dk/nytomtv/article.php/id-22985022 AK81

<ref name="Her er politiets fiasko-liste">[https://www.dagbladet.no/nyheter/her-er-politiets-fiasko-liste/65484089 Her er politiets fiasko-liste] ''[[Dagbladet]]'' (12 October 1998)</ref> HA Norway

https://apnews.com/article/1dc5faf904fb49f088c39ad9b80a83d4 HA Germany

https://www.thejournal.ie/brothel-germany-berlin-hells-angels-2716736-Apr2016/ HA Germany

https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-18195006 HA Germany

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=rIpAEs4t4hYC&pg=PA272&lpg=PA272&dq=michael+malve+hells+angels&source=bl&ots=WxaVZUYttL&sig=ACfU3U0eaa9tDf49UIlyww8Y0bu5VdHVBA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiZxqOn0erwAhXIB2MBHSteBAgQ6AEwEXoECBUQAw#v=onepage&q=michael%20malve%20hells%20angels&f=false HA Australia

https://info.publicintelligence.net/ATF-OMGmilitary2010.pdf OMG Military

https://mafiahistory.us/maf-narcotics1965.html#p32 LCN

https://www.abc6.com/bristol-da-links-30-year-old-murder-of-berkley-man-to-mafia-enforcer-through-fingerprints/ Patriarca

https://i.redd.it/2ifl3bmix8o61.jpg Florida mob

Philly
https://www.inquirer.com/news/philadelphia-mob-associate-stephen-sharkey-sentenced-20210413.html

<ref>[http://wesleyanargus.com/2006/02/21/beyond-the-blue-lights-the-biker-gang-next-door/ Beyond The Blue Lights: The biker gang next door] Josh Nathan-Kazis, ''[[The Wesleyan Argus]]'' (February 21, 2006)</ref> Diablos

http://arno.uvt.nl/show.cgi?fid=147870 THE INVOLVEMENT OF OUTLAW MOTORCYCLE GANGS IN HUMAN TRAFFICKING

http://www.mafianj.com/mc/warlocks.shtml Warlocks

http://www.mafianj.com/mc/sg.shtml Wheels of Soul

https://vancouversun.com/news/crime/hells-angels-still-expanding-after-35-years-in-b-c HA Vancouver

https://www.dps.ms.gov/sites/dps/files/documents/MBN%20THREAT%20ASSESSMENT-2019%20Final.pdf Street and motorcycle gangs Mississippi

https://cplorg.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p4014coll18/id/7544/rec/1 Cleveland criminals

<ref>[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/108043NCJRS.pdf ''1986 Report of the Organized Crime Consulting Committee''] [[National Criminal Justice Reference Service]] (1986)</ref> Cleveland LCN

https://www.archives.gov/files/news/john-roberts/accession-60-88-0498/010-organized-crime/folder010.pdf
https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=gINQJMFuvfMC&pg=PA38&lpg=PA38&dq=outlaws+tampa+florida+prostitution+december+1981&source=bl&ots=a8vCBRwxLl&sig=ACfU3U3Yw9RPE8p-Hi-QNvncDMRBQKIOUw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj-0PvHm7vyAhWJOsAKHZxyD7IQ6AF6BAgJEAM#v=onepage&q=outlaws%20tampa%20florida%20prostitution%20december%201981&f=false
Cleveland LCN

https://thevillagesun.com/joe-piney-from-e-14th-st-to-french-connection Joseph Armone

https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=WzuzPiXD2LgC&pg=PT78&lpg=PT78&dq=nino+gaggi+heart+attack&source=bl&ots=WAVqoDeqqP&sig=ACfU3U35yipsb3v-w_mCK1IhnGKUWagivw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjtjr3G1PzyAhVDilwKHVFUBT8Q6AF6BAglEAM#v=onepage&q=nino%20gaggi%20heart%20attack&f=false Nino Gaggi

<ref>[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257771119_Transnational_activities_of_Chinese_crime_organizations Transnational activities of Chinese crime organizations]</ref>

<ref>[https://www.heraldscotland.com/news/12054789.scots-soldiers-join-triad-gang/ Scots soldiers join triad gang] ''[[The Herald (Glasgow)|The Herald]]'' (2 January 1996)</ref>

https://thediplomat.com/2021/03/how-asian-drug-trafficking-networks-operate-in-europe/ 14K Holland

<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/09/24/in-bucco-il-lupo-in-the-mouth-of-the-wolf/ In Bucco Il Lupo…in the Mouth of the Wolf – Mafia History & Opinion] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220103225515/https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2020/09/24/in-bucco-il-lupo-in-the-mouth-of-the-wolf/ |date=January 3, 2022 }} TheNewYorkMafia.com (September 24, 2020)</ref>

<ref>[https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/05/08/john-buster-ardito/ Biography of John (Buster) Ardito] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220104211443/https://thenewyorkmafia.com/2019/05/08/john-buster-ardito/ |date=January 4, 2022 }} TheNewYorkMafia.com (May 8, 2019)</ref>

<ref>[https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf ''Organized Crime in Pennsylvania: A Decade of' Change''] Pennsylvania Crime Commission (1990) {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220111193847/https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/133208NCJRS.pdf |date=January 11, 2022 }}</ref>

https://www.silvertonmemorial.com/obituaries/August-Vergallito/ Genovese

LA LCN
https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/79411NCJRS.pdf
https://www.newspapers.com/clip/58247927/the-los-angeles-times/
https://cdnc.ucr.edu/?a=d&d=SBS19780503.1.5&e=-------en--20--1--txt-txIN--------

==Mixed martial arts and boxing career==
{{Infobox martial artist 
| name             = Lei'D Tapa
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
| caption          = 
| birth_name       = Seini Tonga
| birth_date       = {{Birth date and age|1982|11|27}}
| birth_place      = [[West Germany]]
| residence        = 
| nationality      = [[Americans|American]]
| ethnicity        = [[Tongans|Tongan]]
| height           = {{height|ft=5|in=11}}<ref name=SherdogProfile>{{cite web|title=Lei'D Tapa – Sherdog|url=http://www.sherdog.com/fighter/Seini-Draughn-211013|publisher=Sherdog}}</ref>
| weight           =  {{convert|194|lb|kg st|abbr=on}}<ref name=SherdogProfile />
| weight_class     = [[Light heavyweight (MMA)|Light Heavyweight]] (MMA) <br> [[Openweight]] (MMA) <br> [[Heavyweight]] (Boxing)
| reach            = 
| style            = [[Boxing]], [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]]
| stance           = [[Southpaw stance|Southpaw]]
| fighting_out_of  = [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], U.S.
| team             = [[American Top Team]] <br> Gym O
| trainer          = 
| rank             = blue belt in [[Brazilian jiu-jitsu]]
| wrestling        = 
| years_active     = 2015–''present''
| box_win          = 2
| box_kowin        = 2
| box_loss         = 0
| box_koloss       = 
| box_draw         = 1
| box_nc           = 
| mma_kowin        = 
| mma_subwin       = 
| mma_decwin       = 
| mma_dqwin        = 
| mma_otherwin     = 
| mma_koloss       = 1
| mma_subloss      = 
| mma_decloss      = 1
| mma_dqloss       = 
| mma_otherloss    = 
| mma_draw         = 
| mma_nc           = 
| boxrec           = 811884
| sherdog          = 211013
| updated          = 
}}

===Rizin Fighting Federation===
On 6 November 2015, it was announced during [[Bellator MMA in 2015#Bellator 145|Bellator 145]] that Tapa would face [[GaBI Garcia]] in an event for [[Rizin Fighting Federation]] on 31 December 2015.<ref>{{cite news|title= During Bellator 145, King Mo's entry to the RIZIN FIGHTING WORLD GRAND-PRIX 2015 and Gabi Garcia vs Lei'D Tapa's matchup was announced|work= Rizin FF|date=|url= http://www.rizinff.com/en/news/20151107_1513.html|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref> She trained for the event at [[American Top Team]] gym in Florida.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.wrestlezone.com/news/643027-leid-tapa-training-for-mma-debut-fight-top-ten-wwe-raw-moments-video | title=Lei'D Tapa Training For MMA Debut Fight, Top Ten WWE RAW Moments (Video) | first=Bill | last=Pritchard | publisher=Wrestle Zone | accessdate=23 December 2015 | date=17 November 2015 }}</ref> Garcia defeated Tapa in the first round by TKO.

In her second fight for the promotion, Tapa is expected to face Reina Miura on 30 July 2017 at [[2017 in Rizin Fighting Federation#Rizin FF 6: RIZIN World Grand Prix 2017 Opening Round Part 1|Rizin 6]].

===Boxing===

==Professional boxing record==
{{BoxingRecordSummary
|draws=1
|ko-wins=2
|ko-losses=0
|dec-wins=0
|dec-losses=0
}}
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%"
|-
!{{abbr|No.|Number}}
!Result
!Record
!Opponent
!Type
!Round, time
!Date
!Location
!Notes
|-
|3
|{{draw}}Draw
|2–0–1
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|USA}} Monika Harrison
|{{abbr|MD|Majority draw}}
|4
|Nov 17, 2018
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{small|Extraveganza, Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.}}
|
|-
|2
|{{yes2}}Win
|2–0
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|USA}} Yazmine Curtis
|{{abbr|TKO|Technical knockout}}
|1 (4) {{small|}}
|May 12, 2018
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{small|Grady Cole Center, Charlotte, North Carolina, U.S.}}
|
|-
|1
|{{yes2}}Win
|1–0
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|USA}} Angela Knight
|{{abbr|KO|Knockout}}
|1 (4) {{small|}}
|Nov 17, 2017
|style="text-align:left;"|{{flagicon|USA}} {{small|[[Grady Cole Center]], [[Charlotte, North Carolina]], U.S.}}
|
|}

==Mixed martial arts record==
{{MMArecordbox
| draws= 
| nc= 
| ko-wins= 0
| ko-losses= 1
| sub-wins= 0
| sub-losses= 0
| dec-wins= 
| dec-losses= 1
| dq-wins= 
| dq-losses= 
| other-wins= 
| other-losses= 
}}
{{MMA record start}}
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
| align=center| 0-2
| [[Reina Miura]]
| Decision (unanimous)
| [[2017 in Rizin Fighting Federation#Rizin World Grand Prix 2017: Opening Round - Part 1|Rizin World Grand Prix 2017: Opening Round - Part 1]]
| {{dts|2017|July|30|format=dmy}}
|align=center| 3
|align=center| 5:00
| [[Saitama, Japan]]
|{{small|Openweight bout.}}
|-
| {{no2}}Loss
| align=center| 0-1
| [[Gabi Garcia]]
| TKO (backfist and punches)
| [[2015 in Rizin Fighting Federation#Rizin World Grand Prix 2015: Part 2 - Iza|Rizin World Grand Prix 2015: Part 2 - Iza]]
| {{dts|2015|December|31|format=dmy}}
|align=center| 1
|align=center| 2:36
| [[Saitama (city)|Saitama]], Japan
|{{small|Light Heavyweight bout.}}
|-
{{end}}

== Kit evolution ==
=== First kit ===
{|
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| leftarm = 1A2D69
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| socks = FF0000
| title = 2010–11
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|{{Football kit
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{{Football kit
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| socks = AD1029
| title = 2013–15
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| socks = 0A2078| title = 2016–17
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{{Football kit
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| leftarm           = 05005B
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=== Second kit ===
{|
|
{{Football kit
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| pattern_ra= _3_stripes_cut_navy
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| pattern_so = _3_stripes_navy
| leftarm = FFF200
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{{Football kit
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{{Football kit
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| leftarm           = FFFF4A
| body              = FFFF4A
| rightarm          = FFFF4A
| shorts            = 05005B
| socks             = FFFF4A
| title = 2018–present
}}
|}








==Calaveras==
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              =  Calaveras MC
| image             =  
| image_size        = 
| caption           = 
| founded           = 
| founder           =  
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = [[Lodi, California]]
| years_active      = 
| territory         = [[San Joaquin County, California|San Joaquin County]]
| ethnicity         = [[Mexican American]]
| membership        = 
| leaders           = 
| activities        = [[Drug trafficking]]
| allies            = [[Mayans Motorcycle Club|Mayans]]
| rivals            = [[Grim Bastards Motorcycle Club|Grim Bastards]], [[Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club|Sons of Anarchy]]
| notable_members   = 
}}

The '''Calaveras Motorcycle Club''' is a [[Mexican American]] motorcycle club based in [[Lodi, California|Lodi]]. A small and low-ranking gang whose income comes from using a janitorial supply warehouse as a front for drug trafficking, the Calaveras serve as a puppet club for the [[Mayans Motorcycle Club|Mayans]]. The club colors are red, green and white (the national colors of Mexico) and their patch is a trio of skulls with centre skull donning a crown paired with white and red roses.

===Historical leadership===
====President====
* ''unknown''–2010 – [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Hector Salazar|Hector Salazar]] – Excommunicated.
* 2010–''present'' – [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Roscoe|Roscoe]]

====Vice President====
* ''unknown''–2010 – [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Roscoe|Roscoe]] – Promoted to President.

====Sergeant-at-Arms====
* ''unknown''–2010 – [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Edgar|Edgar]] – Murdered.

===Edgar===
*'''Played by''': Louis De La Costa
*'''Appears in''': "[[Widening Gyre (Sons of Anarchy)|Widening Gyre]]"

The Calaveras sergeant-at-arms, Edgar is responsible for the murder of Grim Bastards vice president Lander Jackson, shooting Jackson in the back as he is eating breakfast before leaving a knife buried in his skull. While attending a motorcycle rally with their club, Edgar and Salazar are confronted by the Mayans, Grim Bastards and Sons of Anarchy. After being taken to a bathroom and threatened, Salazar outs Edgar as Jackson's killer and Grim Bastards president T.O. Cross kills Edgar in retaliation with a gunshot to the head.

===Luisa===
*'''Played by''': [[Tara Macken]]
*'''Appears in''': "[[Oiled (Sons of Anarchy)|Oiled]]", "[[Widening Gyre (Sons of Anarchy)|Widening Gyre]]", "[[Lochán Mór]]", "[[Turas]]", "[[Bainne]]", "[[June Wedding]]"

Luisa is Hector Salazar's old lady. Following the Calaveras' attack on a Sons of Anarchy prospect's funeral, SAMCRO attack Hector and Luisa at their home and interrogate Hector before freeing him. Luisa later helps Hector in the kidnapping of Tara Knowles, girlfriend of SAMCRO vice president Jax Teller, and Knowles' work colleague Margaret Murphy.

===Pozo===
*'''Played by''': Chad Guerrero
*'''Appears in''': "[[SO (Sons of Anarchy)|SO]]", "[[Oiled (Sons of Anarchy)|Oiled]]", "[[The Push (Sons of Anarchy)|The Push]]

Pozo is one of the Calaveras members tasked with carrying out a drive-by shooting on the funeral of the late SAMCRO prospect Kip "Half-Sack" Epps, which wounds several mourners. When police open fire on their van, the Calaveras drive off at speed which causes Pozo to fall out and he left behind. After being apprahended by the Sons of Anarchy, SAMCRO vice president Jax Teller brutally beats Pozo, breaking his jaw, cheek, and nose. Pozo is then arrested and taken to St. Thomas Hospital, where he is kept under guard and eventually agrees to testify against the Calaveras. However, before he can turn informant, he is killed by SAMCRO enforcer Tig Trager at the hospital by cyanide injection.

===Roscoe===
*'''Played by''': Joseph Julian Soria
*'''Appears in''': "[[Widening Gyre (Sons of Anarchy)|Widening Gyre]]"

Roscoe is a Calaveras member named as president by Marcus Alvarez following the excommunication of Hector Salazar, therefore it is likely that he was previously serving as vice president.

===Hector Salazar===

==Nordics==
{{Infobox criminal organization
| name              =  Nordics
| image             =  
| image_size        = 
| caption           = 
| founded           = 
| founder           =  
| named_after       = 
| founding_location = 
| years_active      = –2010
| territory         = [[Charming, California|Charming]], also active in the [[California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation|California state prison system]]
| ethnicity         = [[European American]]
| membership        = 15–20
| leaders           = 
| activities        = [[Drug trafficking]], [[prostitution]]
| allies            = [[Aryan Brotherhood (Sons of Anarchy)|Aryan Brotherhood]], [[League of American Nationalists|L.O.A.N.]], [[Mayans Motorcycle Club|Mayans]]
| rivals            = [[Sons of Anarchy Motorcycle Club|Sons of Anarchy]], as well as some of their former allies
| notable_members   = 
}}

The '''Nordics''', also known as the '''Nords''', is a [[List of peckerwood gangs|peckerwood gang]] that first appears in season one and is dissolved after season two. A street and prison gang led by [[Ernest Darby]], the Nordics are involved in all aspects of the [[methamphetamine]] trade, producing, transporting, and distributing the product themselves, mainly to truckers and Hispanic street gangs. Their other activities include [[heroin]] dealing and [[prostitution]]. With its primary headquarters at the Hairy Dog Lounge, the gang is based in and around Charming and is said to consist of around 15–20 members, some with ties to the [[Aryan Brotherhood (Sons of Anarchy)|Aryan Brotherhood]], though their own white supremacism tends to be much more lenient than that of the AB. The Nordics also have a presence in the state prison system; Darby provided protection for SAMCRO member [[Opie Winston]] while they were imprisoned at [[California Institution for Men|Chino]] prior to the events of the series and it is mentioned that two Nords are imprisoned in [[Pelican Bay State Prison|Pelican Bay]] for sex crimes.

At the beginning of the series the Nordics have an alliance with the [[Mayans Motorcycle Club|Mayans]], Darby having made a deal with Mayans Oakland charter president [[Marcus Alvarez]] allowing the Mayans to supply the Nordics with heroin to sell at street-level. Their drug pushing puts them at odds with SAMCRO, and Darby and his lieutenant [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Whistler|Whistler]] are warned to keep their drug operations out of Charming. Tensions are further increased when SAMCRO vice president [[Jax Teller]] assaults and severely beats Nordics member [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Izzy|Izzy]] for selling meth to his pregnant wife, [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Wendy Case|Wendy Case]], who subsequently overdosed and went into premature labor. SAMCRO later destroy a Mayans drug warehouse in [[San Leandro, California|San Leandro]], killing Whistler and several Mayan footsoldiers. Darby meets with Alvarez and suggests teaming up to force SAMCRO out of town. Alvarez disagrees, but still offers the Nordics muscle to protect their drug dealing. When Darby receives a letter from rogue [[Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives|ATF]] agent [[Josh Kohn]] containing a file on SAMCRO’s dealings with the [[True IRA|IRA]], he sets up a meeting with Alvarez and offers to give him the file if he kills [[Clay Morrow]], the President of SAMCRO, allowing the Nords and the Mayans to take over drug dealing and gun-running in Charming, respectively. However, Alvarez double crosses him and instructs his son, [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Esai Alvarez|Esai]], to assassinate Darby as well. Esai attacks Darby at his home, killing a Nordics footsoldier and the two women accompanying, though Darby manages to hide and is taken into custody by the police. In his cell, Clay convinces Darby to let SAMCRO handle the retaliation against the Mayans.

In season two, [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#A.J. Weston|A.J. Weston]], an Aryan Brotherhood member and lieutenant of [[Ethan Zobelle]], the leader of the [[League of American Nationalists]], visits Darby to discuss a prospective alliance between their organizations. Weston is disgusted by Darby's hiring of nonwhite employees, but nonetheless gives him funding to restart his meth and prostitution operations inside Charming, and Nordics later provide extra muscle for Weston's AB crew. SAMCRO continue their vigilante campaign against the Nordics' drug pushing, attacking a Nord dealer at a lumber mill who has the Aryans come to his aid, and later demolishing a Nordic meth lab. The League detonates a car bomb at SAMCRO’s clubhouse in retaliation, but Nordics' and L.O.A.N.'s partnership soon ends; Darby is arrested by police in the aftermath of the bombing and, although he denies any knowledge of Zobelle’s activities, he is able to identify [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Polly Zobelle|Polly Zobelle]] based on a description, while Zobelle begins to betray Darby behind his back, intending to destroy the Nordics to prove that the town is capable of getting rid of criminal gangs like SAMCRO. He pays several porn actresses to do a temporary prostitution job for Darby, then tips off deputy police chief [[David Hale (Sons of Anarchy)|David Hale]] who arrests them. Next, Zobelle and Weston give Hale the addresses of the Nordics’ meth lab and brothel. Hale enlists the help of Clay Morrow, who attacks the brothel before burning down the meth lab. Enraged by Zobelle’s betrayal, Darby accuses Zobelle of selling him out. Zobelle offers him a chance to get recompense against SAMCRO, which Darby takes. He goes with Weston and several other Aryans to burn down the SAMCRO-owned Cara Cara porn studio. However, L.O.A.N. use this as an opportunity to get rid of him, knocking him unconsious and leaving him to die in the fire. 

In season three, Ernest Darby is shown to have survived the fire, albeit the side of his face is scarred by the flames. He reveals that the Nordics have disbanded, and that he has gotten out of crime for good.

===Ernest Darby===
{{Main article|Ernest Darby}}

===Eddie Gerber===
{{Main article|List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Eddie Gerber}}

===Izzy===
*'''Played by''': Dennis Keiffer
*'''Appears in''': "[[Pilot (Sons of Anarchy)|Pilot]]", "[[Fix (Sons of Anarchy)|Fix]]", "[[Fa Guan]]"

Izzy is a methamphetamine dealer working for the Nordics who makes his debut in the series' premiere episode, "Pilot", and is last seen in the season two episode "Fa Guan". Wendy Case overdoses on meth bought from Izzy, causing her to give birth birth to her son [[List of Sons of Anarchy characters#Abel Teller|Abel]] ten weeks premature which leaves him in critical condition. Upon hearing the news, the father Jax Teller hunts down and assaults Izzy at the Hairy Dog Lounge, beating his severely and skewering his testicle with a pool cue. Later, at a meeting with Darby and Whistler, Clay Morrow provides a .357 Revolver as a "get-well present" for Izzy while Jax remarks on that they figured they'd give him "something with balls". He plays a recurring role through the series' second season, and is shown continuing to work for Ernest Darby in the background until the Nordics are dissolved.

===Whistler===
*'''Played by''': Uncredited
*'''Appears in''': "[[Pilot (Sons of Anarchy)|Pilot]]"

Whistler is the second-in-command of the Nordics and the best friend and right-hand man of Ernest Darby. He makes his only appearance in the pilot episode and is the first character to be killed by Jax Teller in the series. Whistler is first shown alongside Darby when the pair are threatened at a diner by SAMCRO leaders Teller and Clay Morrow to cease their drug operations in Charming. SAMCRO members later discover that the Mayans have a drug and guns warehouse in San Leandro that they decide to destroy. Whistler arrives at the warehouse before Jax can plant the explosive charges and shoots Jax in the back. Jax is able to return fire and kills Whistler. He is later referenced in the episode "Fun Town"; while searching for the rapist of Tristen Oswald, Clay and Tig Trager go to find Darby at St. Thomas Hospital and Tig remarks "You remember Whistler right? Haven't seen him in a while. It's weird how people can just disappear like that." 

===Johnny Yates===
*'''Played by''': Brett Wagner
*'''Appears in''': "[[Fun Town (Sons of Anarchy)|Fun Town]]"

Johnny Yates is a convicted sex offender and former members of the Nordics who makes his only appearance in the season one episode "Fun Town". Yates was briefly a member of the Nordics but "never fit in", according to Darby, and he left the gang after having his nose broken by Whistler. He eventually became a [[born again]] Christian and turned his life around, and lives with his mother, a breeder of [[fighting dog]]s, in [[Pope, California|Pope]]. Yates comes under suspicion of SAMCRO after Tristen Oswald is raped at a carnival and they track him down at his mother's home, bursting in on a prayer group meeting. He is able to provide an alibi and they apologize.





{{Infobox martial artist 
| name             = Don Nakaya Nielsen
| image            = 
| image_size       = 
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| birth_name       = 
| birth_date       = {{Birth date|1959|07|04}}
| birth_place      = [[Los Angeles]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_date       = {{Death date and age|2017|08|15|1959|07|04}}
| death_place      = [[Bangkok]], [[Thailand]]
| death_cause      = 
| native_name      = 
| native_name_lang = 
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| residence        = 
| nationality      = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Americans|American]]
| ethnicity        =
| height           = {{height|m=1.88|precision=1}}
| weight           = {{convert|93|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
| weight_class     = [[Cruiserweight]] <br> [[Heavyweight]]
| reach            = 
| style            = [[Kickboxing]]{{*}}[[Muay Thai]]{{*}}[[Tang Soo Do]]
| stance           = Southpaw
| fighting_out_of  = 
| team             = The Jet Center
| trainer          = [[Benny Urquidez]] <br> [[Thohsaphol Sitiwatjana|Master Toddy]]
| rank             = black belt in [[Tang Soo Do]]
| years_active     = –1993
| box_win          = 
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| kickbox_win      = 30
| kickbox_kowin    = 22
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}}

'''Don Nakaya Nielsen''' (July 4, 1959&nbsp;– August 15, 2017) was an American [[Kickboxing|kickboxer]], [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and actor who competed in the [[cruiserweight]] and [[heavyweight]] divisions.

==Kickboxing career==
Don Nakaya Nielsen was born in [[Los Angeles]] and was of partial [[Japanese Americans|Japanese descent]] through his grandmother. His early background in martial arts included earning the rank of [[Black belt (martial arts)|black belt]] in [[Tang Soo Do]] and winning a [[Golden Gloves]] gold medal in [[amateur boxing]]. He also attended [[Whittier College]] on a [[American football|football]] scholarship.<ref name="Tribute to our founder">[http://bioenergyasia.com/index.php/about-us/profile/ Tribute to our founder]</ref> Nakaya Nielsen began his professional kickboxing career training under [[Benny Urquidez]] as a [[American kickboxing|full-contact]] competitor and ended his career as a [[Muay Thai]] stylist coached by [[Thohsaphol Sitiwatjana|Master Toddy]].<ref name="Don Nakaya Nielsen obituary">[http://www.rafu.com/don-nakaya-nielsen/ Don Nakaya Nielsen obituary]</ref> 

He came to prominence during his early career by facing notable opponents such as Brad Hefton and [[Maurice Smith (kickboxer)|Maurice Smith]] and winning the [[World Kickboxing Association |WKA]] United States Cruiserweight (-86.0 kg/189 lb) Championship, WKA International Heavyweight (-95.0 kg/209 lb) Championship and UKF World Heavyweight Championship. Following his success in the US, he began fighting in Japan in 1986 where he achieved further notability.

Nakaya Nielsen became the IWA United States Cruiserweight Champion when he defeated Charlie Archer by third round knockout on the [[undercard]] of a [[New Japan Pro-Wrestling]] card headlined by [[Antonio Inoki]] vs [[Masa Saito]] at [[Osaka-jō Hall]] on March 26, 1987.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.wrestlingdata.com/index.php?befehl=shows&show=223471|title=NJPW Inoki Toukon Live II|website=www.wrestlingdata.com}}</ref> He then challenged [[Kevin Rosier]] for the WKA World Super Heavyweight (+95.0 kg/209 lb) Championship on May 14, 1989, losing by KO in round six. On September 5, 1989, Nakaya Nielsen faced [[Rob Kaman]] in Tokyo. He was floored by Kaman's powerful [[low kick]]s numerous times throughout the bout, beating the referee's count in round two before being stopped with a right [[Hook (boxing)|hook]] in round three.

Towards the end of his career, Nakaya Nielsen twice lost to Japanese karate stylist [[Masaaki Satake]]; in Satake's kickboxing debut on June 30, 1990 and again on June 5, 1993 at ''[[K-1 Sanctuary III]]'' in a UKF World Heavyweight Championship match.

==Professional wrestling career==
He was also featured as a playable character in the video game ''[[Virtual Pro Wrestling 64]]''.

==Later life and death==
Don Nakaya Nielsen graduated from Cleveland Chiropractic College in Los Angeles in 1986 and, following his retirement from kickboxing in 1993, became one of the first chiropractors to establish a practice in [[Bangkok]]. He had previously came to the city to train in Muay Thai under his Japanese management team and after living and training in various Muay Thai camps discovered that the chiropractic profession had not yet been established in Thailand.<ref name="Tribute to our founder" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chiroweb.com/mpacms/dc_ca/article.php?id=53124|title=Chiropractic Licensed in Thailand|website=www.chiroweb.com}}</ref>

Nakaya Nielsen died at the age of 58 when he suffered a heart attack during surgery in Bangkok on August 15, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://efight.jp/news-20170818_266031|title=【訃報】前田日明と戦ったドン・中矢・ニールセンが死去|website=www.efight.jp}}</ref> He was survived by his wife and three sons.<ref name="Don Nakaya Nielsen obituary" />

==Championships and awards==
===Kickboxing===
*'''IWA'''
**IWA United States Cruiserweight Championship

*'''Universal Kickboxing Federation'''
**UKF World Heavyweight Championship

*'''[[World Kickboxing Association]]'''
**WKA United States Cruiserweight (-86.0&nbsp;kg/189&nbsp;lb) Championship
**WKA International Heavyweight (-95.0&nbsp;kg/209&nbsp;lb) Championship

==Kickboxing record==
{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | <span style="color:white;">Kickboxing record</span>
|- valign="top"
|<div class="NavFrame">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:white; "><span style="color:black;">'''30 wins''' (22 KOs), '''8 losses''', '''0 draws'''</span></div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left; display:collapse;">
{|class="wikitable" width="100%"
|- align="center"  bgcolor="#dddddd"
| '''Date''' || '''Result''' || '''Opponent''' || '''Event''' || '''Location''' || '''Method''' || '''Round''' || '''Time''' || '''Record'''
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1993-06-25 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masaaki Satake]] || [[K-1 Sanctuary III]] || [[Osaka, Japan]] || TKO (right hook) || 1 || 2:30 || 30-8
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|For the UKF World Heavyweight Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1993-05-22 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Hiroaka Kimitsu]] || Evolution Step 3 || || KO || 2 || 2:37 || 30-7
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1990-06-30 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|JPN}} [[Masaaki Satake]] || AJKF: Inspiring Wars Heat || [[Tokyo, Japan]] || KO (right straight) || 1 || 2:07 || 29-7
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 0000-00-00 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|}} || || || || || || 29-6
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1989-09-05 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Rob Kaman]] || AJKF: Super Bout || [[Tokyo, Japan]] || KO (right hook) || 3 || 0:44 || 28-6
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1989-05-14 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Kevin Rosier]] || AJKF: Knockout of the Century - Part 3 || [[Tokyo, Japan]] || KO || 6 || 1:05 || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|For the [[World Kickboxing Association|WKA]] World Super Heavyweight (+95.0&nbsp;kg/209&nbsp;lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1989-01-29 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|MEX}} [[Victor Agre]] || || || KO || 1 || 0:19 || 
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 1987-03-27 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Charlie Archer]] || NJPW Inoki Toukon Live II || [[Osaka, Japan]] || KO || 3 || 0:30 || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|Wins the IWA United States Cruiserweight Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 1983-00-00 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Maurice Smith (kickboxer)|Maurice Smith]] || || [[Las Vegas, Nevada, USA]] || Decision || 7 || 2:00 || 
|-
|}</div></div>
'''''Legend''''': {{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win |border=1px solid #CCFFCC}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss |border=1px solid #FFBBBB}}
{{legend2|#c5d2ea|Draw/No contest |border=1px solid #c5d2ea}}
{{legend2|White|Notes |border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|}

== Filmography ==
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year
! Title
! Role
! class = "unsortable" | Notes
|-
| 1991
| ''Blood Ring''
| Don Carlio
|
|-
| 1992
| ''Eternal Fist''
| Wires
|
|-
| 1995
| ''Blood Ring 2''
| Caruko
|
|-
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0624772|Don Nakaya Nielsen}}
* [http://k-1sport.de/en/database/show_fighter.php?id=447 K-1Sport profile]
* [http://www.wrestlingdata.com/index.php?befehl=bios&wrestler=26291 Wrestlingdata profile]

[[:Category:1959 births]]
[[:Category:2017 deaths]]
[[:Category:American male kickboxers]]
[[:Category:Kickboxers from California]]
[[:Category:Cruiserweight kickboxers]]
[[:Category:Heavyweight kickboxers]]
[[:Category:American Muay Thai practitioners]]
[[:Category:American tang soo do practitioners]]
[[:Category:American professional wrestlers]]
[[:Category:Professional wrestlers from California]]
[[:Category:Sportspeople from Los Angeles]]
[[:Category:American sportspeople of Japanese descent]]
[[:Category:American expatriates in Japan]]
[[:Category:American expatriates in Thailand]]
[[:Category:American chiropractors]]

[[:jp:ドン・中矢・ニールセン]]

==[[Drug cartel]]s==
===[[Illegal drug trade in Afghanistan|Afghan cartels]]===
* Imad Al-Din Alliance – ''[[Soldier of Fortune: Payback]]''

===[[Illegal drug trade in the United States|American cartels]]===
* K.R.A.K. – ''[[Narc (video game)|NARC]]''
* Loco Syndicate – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas]]''

===[[Illegal drug trade in Bolivia|Bolivian cartels]]===
* Mendez Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]]''

===Brazilian cartels===
* Mala Noche – ''[[CSI: Miami]]'', ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]'' and ''[[Blue Bloods (TV series)|Blue Bloods]]''

===Chilean cartels===
* Delgado Cartel – ''[[Hitman: Blood Money]]''

===[[Illegal drug trade in Colombia|Colombian cartels]]===
* Los Carnales – ''[[Saints Row]]''
* The Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto III]]''
* Cortez Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''
* Diaz Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''
* Escabedo Cartel – [[DC Universe]]
* Gonzalez Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City Stories]]''

===Cuban cartels===
* Lopez Cartel – ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]''

===[[Illegal drug trade in Mexico|Mexican cartels]]===
* Aquila Cartel – ''[[CSI: Crime Scene Investigation]]''
* Baja Diablo Cartel – ''[[The Shield]]''
* Barbosa Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Barillo Cartel – ''[[Once Upon a Time in Mexico]]''
* Brenasolo Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Cali Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Cortolo Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Culiacan Cartel – ''[[Hawaii Five-0 (2010 TV series)|Hawaii Five-0]]''
* Cartel Dominguez – ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''
* [[Total Overdose#Gangs|Elvez Cartel]] – ''[[Total Overdose]]''
* Galindo Cartel – ''[[Sons of Anarchy]]''
* La Guadaña – ''[[Army of Two: The Devil's Cartel]]''
* Guerrero Cartel – ''[[The Shield]]''
* [[La Hermandad]] – ''[[Man on Fire (2004 film)|Man on Fire]]''
* Juarez Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Lobos Sonora Cartel – ''[[Sons of Anarchy]]''
* Madrazo Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]''
* Magdalena Cartel – ''[[True Crime: New York City]]''
* La Masa Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''

===Nicaraguan cartels===
* Menendez Cartel – ''[[Call of Duty Black Ops II]]''

===[[Illegal drug trade in Panama|Panamanian cartels]]===
* La Mano los Gente – ''[[SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs Tactical Strike]]''

===[[Golden Triangle (Southeast Asia)|Vietnamese cartels]]===
* Flaming Dragon – ''[[Tropic Thunder]]''

===Cartels of other or unknown origin===
* Culebra Cartel – ''[[Arrow (TV series)|Arrow]]''
* Eighty-Sevens – ''[[Dexter (season 7)|Dexter]]''
* The HeadHunters – ''[[G.I. Joe]]''
* Hernandez Cartel – ''[[Person of Interest (TV series)|Person of Interest]]''
* Herrera Family – ''[[Miami Vice]]''
* Jotas – ''[[Scorpion (TV series)|Scorpion]]''






* Mendoza Cartel – ''[[Call of Juarez: The Cartel]]''
* Mendoza Cartel – ''[[Payday 2]]''
* Metas Cartel – ''[[Gang Related (TV series)|Gang Related]]''
* Molina Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Peña Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* [[Tony Montana|Montana Cartel]] – ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]''
* [[Total Overdose#Gangs|Moralés Cartel]] – ''[[Total Overdose]]''
* [[Total Overdose#Gangs|Morientes Cartel]] – ''[[Total Overdose]]''
* Los Muertos – ''[[Crackdown]]''
* [[Total Overdose#Gangs|Muerte Cartel]] – ''[[Total Overdose]]''
* Northwood Dominican Drug Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]''
* Ochoa Cartel – ''[[Hitman: Codename 47]]''
* Orajuela Cartel – ''[[Saints Row]]''
* La Plaga – ''[[Scorpion (TV series)|Scorpion]]''
* Peña Cartel – ''[[NCIS: Los Angeles]]''
* Putumayo Cartel – ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''
* Revolutionary Armed Forces of Brazil (RAFB) – ''[[SOCOM II]]''
* Reynosa Cartel – ''[[NCIS (TV series)|NCIS]]''
* Rios Garza Cartel – ''[[Sabotage (2014 film)|Sabotage]]''
* Rojas – ''[[Dexter (season 7)|Dexter]]''
* Santa Blanca Cartel – ''[[Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Wildlands]]''
* Shan United Army – ''[[Year of the Dragon (film)|Year of the Dragon]]''
* Snow Leopard Brotherhood – ''[[The Living Daylights]]''
* Sons of Samedi – ''[[Saints Row 2]]''
* [[List of Scarface characters#Alejandro Sosa|Sosa Cartel]] – ''[[Scarface (1983 film)|Scarface]]''
* Torres Cartel – ''[[Grand Theft Auto IV]]''
* Torres Family – ''[[Days of Our Lives]]''
* Velez Cartel – ''[[Law & Order SVU]]''
* Vice City Costa Ricans – ''[[Grand Theft Auto: Vice City]]''
* [[Total Overdose#Gangs|Virgillo Cartel]] – ''[[Total Overdose]]''











This is a list of depictions of the '''[[Special Air Service]] in popular culture'''.

==Comics==
* [[DC Comics]]' [[Alfred Pennyworth]] has been portrayed as a former SAS soldier. In different [[Continuity (fiction)|continuity]], he has also been connected to the [[Royal Air Force|RAF]] and [[Royal Marines]].

==Film==
* ''[[The Odd Angry Shot]]'' (1979), based on [[William Nagle (author)|William Nagle]]'s 1975 [[The Odd Angry Shot (book)|book of the same name]], traces the tour of duty of an Australian [[Special Air Service Regiment]] (SASR) reconnaissance team from their departure to South Vietnam through to their return home to Australia [[Military history of Australia during the Vietnam War|during the Vietnam War]].
* The [[Iranian Embassy siege]] of 1980 where the SAS stormed the building, rescuing all but one hostage and killing five of the six terrorists inside, is portrayed in ''[[Who Dares Wins (film)|Who Dares Wins]]'' (1982).
* ''[[Patriot Games (film)|Patriot Games]]'' (1992) features a sequence during which an SAS team hunting a [[Provisional Irish Republican Army|Provisional IRA]] operative neutralizes a terrorist training camp in the [[Libya]]n desert.
* The [[ITV (TV network)|ITV]] television film ''[[The One That Got Away (1996 film)|The One That Got Away]]'' (1996) is based on the [[The One That Got Away (book)|book of the same name]] by [[Chris Ryan]] telling the true story of an SAS patrol during the [[Gulf War]] in 1991.
* In ''[[Ronin (film)|Ronin]]'' (1998), the character Spence (played by [[Sean Bean]]) is a mercenary who claims to be a former SAS soldier. He is later discovered to be lying when [[Robert De Niro]]'s protagonist Sam asks him the colour of the boathouse at [[RAF Hereford|Hereford]] and he is unable to answer.
* [[Jason Statham]]'s character [[List of The Expendables characters#Lee Christmas|Lee Christmas]] from ''[[The Expendables (film series)|The Expendables]]'' series is a former SAS soldier.
* In ''[[Killer Elite (film)|Killer Elite]]'' (2011), an adaption of [[Ranulph Fiennes]]' 1991 novel ''[[The Feather Men]]'', Jason Statham's mercenary Danny Bryce is forced by a deposed [[Omanis|Omani]] sheikh to assassinate three former SAS troopers who killed the sheik's sons during the [[Dhofar Rebellion]] in exchange for the safe return of his kidnapped mentor Hunter (Robert De Niro).
* ''I Am Soldier'' (2014) tells the story of an army cook who undergoes the SAS selection training.
* ''[[Kong: Skull Island]]'' (2017) stars [[Tom Hiddleston]] as James Conrad, a former SAS captain who also served in the [[Vietnam War]] with the Australian [[Special Air Service Regiment]].

==Literature==
* ''[[The Odd Angry Shot (book)|The Odd Angry Shot]]'' (1975), by [[William Nagle (author)|William Nagle]], is based on his own experience in [[Special Air Service (Australia)#Vietnam|3 Squadron SAS]] [[Australian Army]] and portrays the experiences of a group of Australian soldiers deployed to South Vietnam in the late 1960s. It was made into a [[The Odd Angry Shot|film of the same name]] in 1979.
* ''[[The Feather Men]]'' (1991) by [[Ranulph Fiennes]] tells the story of four [[British Army]] soldiers, including two members of the SAS, who are assassinated by a hit squad known as "The Clinic". The murders are carried out over a 17-year period, on the orders of a Dubai sheikh whose three sons were killed by British forces in Oman during the [[Dhofar Rebellion]]. The novel was later adapted into the 2011 film ''[[Killer Elite (film)|Killer Elite]]''.

==Television==
* ''[[Bravo Two Zero (film)|Bravo Two Zero]]'', a 1999 television miniseries based on [[Andy McNab]]'s [[Bravo Two Zero (novel)|novel of the same name]], covers real life events – from the perspective of McNab (portrayed by [[Sean Bean]]), patrol commander of [[Bravo Two Zero]], an SAS patrol tasked to find Iraqi [[Scud]] missile launchers during the [[Gulf War]] in 1991.
* The first episode in season two ("Betrayed") of the television series ''[[Red Cap (TV series)|Red Cap]]'' features the [[Special Investigation Branch]] investigating the ambush of an SAS patrol in [[Bosnia]].
* ''[[Strike Back (TV series)|Strike Back]]'', a TV series based on [[Chris Ryan]]'s novel of the same name, features numerous SAS characters, namely the main protagonist [[List of Strike Back characters#Section 20 characters|John Porter]] (played by [[Richard Armitage (actor)|Richard Armitage]]).
* It is revealed in ''[[Transporter: The Series]]'' that [[Frank Martin (Transporter)|Frank Martin]], the protagonist of the [[Transporter (franchise)|''Transporter'' franchise]], was enlisted in the British Army and later transferred to Special Air Service.

==Video games==
* The SAS are a playable faction throughout the ''[[Counter-Strike]]'' series.
* In the first two games of the [[Conflict (series)|''Conflict'' series]], ''[[Conflict: Desert Storm]]'' and ''[[Conflict: Desert Storm II]]'' (both set during the [[Gulf War]]), the player can choose to control either an SAS or [[Delta Force]] squad.
* The SAS appear in the second and third missions of ''[[SOCOM II]]'', collaborating with [[United States Navy SEALs]] to bring down an Albanian-based blackmarket syndicate. They are also one of several special forces units the player can choose to command in ''[[SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Tactical Strike]]'' and ''[[SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Confrontation]]''.
* The backstory of Jennifer Mui, a protagonist of the ''[[Mercenaries (series)|Mercenaries]]'' series, includes service in the SAS as well as the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] and [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]].






==Paul Kersey==
{{Infobox character
| name             = Paul Kersey
| series           = [[Death Wish (film series)|Death Wish]]
| image            = 
| caption          = 
| first            = ''[[Death Wish (film)|Death Wish]]'' (1974)
| last             = ''[[Death Wish V: The Face of Death|Death Wish V]]'' (1994)
| creator          = [[Wendell Mayes]]
| portrayer        = [[Charles Bronson]]
| fullname         = Paul Leonard Kersey
| nickname         = Mr. Vigilante
| alias            = Kimble <br> Dr. Carter
| occupation       = [[Architect]]
| title            = 
| family           = 
| spouse           = Joanna Kersey
| significantother = Geri Nichols <br> Kathryn Davis <br> Karen Sheldon <br> Olivia Regent
| children         = Carol Toby
| relatives        = Jack Toby (son-in-law)
| religion         = 
| nationality      = 
}}

'''Paul Leonard Kersey''' (played by [[Charles Bronson]]) is the protagonist of the series. Originally based on the Paul Benjamin character from [[Brian Garfield]]'s [[Death Wish (novel)|1972 novel ''Death Wish'']], the sequels make a complete breakaway from the novel and redefine the Paul Kersey character.

Kersey was born in the early 1920s to an [[English Americans|English-American]] father and a [[Mormons|Mormon]] mother from [[Provo, Utah]]. His [[Norman England|Norman English]] ancestor, Pierre Whítmoré Keèrsye, anglicized his surname to ''Kersey''. Paul was raised around guns and became a skilled shooter as a child. However, his mother prevented him from being around guns after his father was killed in a hunting accident. He served in the Medical Corps on a hospital ship in the [[Pacific War|Pacific theatre]] during World War II from 1944 to 1945. After the war, he entered [[Princeton University]] and graduated with a degree in [[civil engineering]]. He met his wife Joanna at Princeton. They soon married and their daughter Carol was born in New York City in 1951. He was a [[conscientious objector]] in the [[Korean War]] and served in the Medical Corps again in 1953. After returning home to New York City, he became a successful architect.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.imdb.com/character/ch0013722/quotes|title=Paul Kersey Quotes|publisher=[[Internet Movie Database]]|accessdate=2006-01-29}}</ref>



==Potragonists==
Both games in the ''Mercenaries'' series feature the following three characters as the protagonists.

===Chris Jacobs===
'''Chris Jacobs''' (voiced by [[Phil LaMarr]]) is a bald, cigar-smoking [[Americans|American]] mercenary. Born in [[San Jose, California]] in 1973 to an African American [[United States Army]] [[Colonel (United States)|colonel]] father and a Korean interpreter mother, he dropped out of high school to follow in his father's footsteps. Jacobs spent seven years in [[Delta Force]], and served in [[War in Afghanistan (2001–2014)|Afghanistan]], [[Iraq War|Iraq]] and [[Second Sudanese Civil War|Sudan]]. However, he became disillusioned as he saw his commanding officers show unethical behavior towards his fellow troops. This culminated with a joint-operations mission with the [[Special Air Service|SAS]] which resulted in the deaths of five of his men. When his tour ended, Jacobs left the Army and became a mercenary with ExOps, a private military organization, in 2003. With ExOps, and on his own, he plied his trade in Libya and Senegal before the events of the games in North Korea and Venezuela.

Jacobs speaks [[Korean language|Korean]]. According to the ''Mercenaries 2: World In Flames'' website, Jacobs' favorite music genres are [[gangsta rap]] and [[soul music]].

===Jennifer Mui===
[[Sergeant]] '''Jennifer Mui''' (voiced by [[Jennifer Hale]]) is a [[British people|British]] stealth expert. Mui was born in [[Hong Kong]] to a British [[cultural attaché]] father and a Chinese [[diplomat]] mother in around 1975. Her parents divorced when she was twelve years old and she then moved to England with her father when he got a promotion, but still remained close to her mother who was in Hong Kong. She excelled at studies and athletics as a child and later joined the [[British Army]], where she served in the [[Parachute Regiment (United Kingdom)|Parachute Regiment]] and [[Special Air Service]]. She was later accepted into [[Secret Intelligence Service|MI6]], but was not satisfied by her pay which led here to become a mercenary with ExOps in 2001. In addition to the North Korean and Venezuelan conflicts portrayed in the games, previously served in Iraq.

Mui is an expert in stealth operations and can speak [[Chinese language|Chinese]]. Her favorite music genres are [[Britpop]] and [[indie rock]].

===Mattias Nilsson===
'''Mattias Nilsson''' (voiced by [[Peter Stormare]]) is a [[Swedes|Swedish]] biker. Nilsson was born in [[Arvidsjaur]], Sweden circa 1977 and was a juvenile delinquent in his youth. He joined the [[Swedish Navy]] at 17, and served as an artillery officer, and later as an Arctic Ranger in the [[Swedish Army]]. After leaving the military, he was involved in criminal activity and was a member of a local [[biker gang]]. After escaping from a Swedish prison, he became a mercenary to satisfy his thirst for destruction and money and joined ExOps in around 2007. On ExOps' payroll, and as a free agent, Nilsson fought in a number of warzones around the world including Kosovo, Montenegro, Senegal, East Timor prior to the events of ''Mercenaries: Playground of Destruction''.

Nilsson is fluent in [[Russian language|Russian]].

==Early life==
Born Frederick Tipton in [[Gary, Indiana]] on June 14<ref>[https://twitter.com/freddiegibbs/status/31030535090339840 Gibbs: "My birthday is June 14 don't pay attention to that wikipedia bullshit"]</ref>, 1982, he grew up at 17th and Virginia St. on the city's east side.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weiss|first=Jeff|title=The Miseducation of Freddie Gibbs|url=http://www.laweekly.com/2009-12-03/music/the-miseducation-of-freddie-gibbs/|date=December 2, 2009}}</ref> His family migrated to Gary from [[Sardis, Mississippi]] in the 1960s to find work in the city's factories and steel mills.<ref>[http://www.fuse.tv/2013/07/freddie-gibbs-madlib-album-acting-aspirations Freddie Gibbs Teases Intense Madlib Collabo Album, Acting Aspirations]</ref><ref>[http://www.npr.org/blogs/microphonecheck/2014/05/08/303786105/freddie-gibbs-i-think-im-the-best-rapper Freddie Gibbs: 'I Think I'm The Best Rapper']</ref>


Freddie Gibbs was born and raised in Gary, Indiana, and grew up at 17th and Virginia St. on the city's east side.<ref>{{cite web|last=Weiss|first=Jeff|title=The Miseducation of Freddie Gibbs|url=http://www.laweekly.com/2009-12-03/music/the-miseducation-of-freddie-gibbs/|date=December 2, 2009}}</ref> Gibbs signed with Interscope Records in 2006, after which he moved to [[Los Angeles]] and recorded a debut album, but a year later the management of Interscope changed hands and the rapper was dropped.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lipshutz|first=Jason|title=Freddie Gibb Revives Gangster Rap on 'Str8 Killa' EP|url=http://www.billboard.com/articles/news/957079/freddie-gibbs-revives-gangster-rap-on-str8-killa-ep|date=August 2, 2010}}</ref>

West Side High School

<ref>[https://escobar300.wordpress.com/2010/11/03/freddie-gibbs-talks-about-major-label-politics-fake-rappers-and-future-plans/ Freddie Gibbs talks about Major Label politics, fake rappers and future plans]</ref>

<ref>[http://philaflava.com/forum/viewtopic.php?p=2178198&highlight= ]</ref>

<ref>[http://www.laweekly.com/music/the-miseducation-of-freddie-gibbs-2162820 The Miseducation of Freddie Gibbs]</ref>

<ref>[http://slumz.boxden.com/f87/for-people-who-wont-listen-to-freddie-gibbs-because-his-dad-was-a-cop-1566891/]</ref>


{{Infobox martial artist
| name            = Julie Kitchen
| native_name     = 
| image           = 
| image_size      = 
| caption         = 
| birth_name      = 
| other_names     = The Queen of Muay Thai
| nationality     = {{flagicon|ENG}} [[English people|English]]
| birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|1977|04|19}}
| birth_place     = [[Penzance]], [[England]]
| fighting_out_of = [[Penzance]], [[England]]
| death_date      = 
| death_place     = 
| height          = {{height|m=1.80|precision=1}}
| weight          = {{convert|58.9|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
| weight_class    = [[Featherweight]] <br> [[Lightweight]] <br> [[Welterweight]]
| reach           = 
| style           = [[Muay Thai]]
| rank            = 
| stance          = Orthodox
| team            = Touch Gloves Gym
| trainer         = Nathan Kitchen
| years_active    = -2012
| kickbox_win     = 61
| kickbox_kowin   = 
| kickbox_loss    = 9
| kickbox_koloss  = 
| kickbox_draw    = 0
| kickbox_nc      = 1
| other           = 
| occupation      = 
| spouse          = 
| children        = 
| relatives       = 
| students        = 
| university      = 
| url             = 
| updated         = February 22, 2014
}}

'''Julie Kitchen''' (born April 19, 1977) is an [[England|English]] former [[Muay Thai]] [[Kickboxing|kickboxer]] who competed in the [[featherweight]], [[lightweight]] and [[welterweight]] divisions.

==Early life==

<ref>[http://mylifeasaboxer.wordpress.com/2013/02/18/portrait-of-a-female-fighter-alexis-rufus-five-x-world-champion/ Portrait of a female fighter: Alexis Rufus Five x World Champion]</ref>

==Career==

<ref>[http://wombatsports.wordpress.com/2014/02/25/muay-thai-tuesday-feb-25/ Muay Thai Tuesday – Feb. 25]</ref>

==Championships and awards==
===Kickboxing===
*'''Backstreet Brawler'''
**Backstreet Brawler Women's -63.5 kg/140 lb Championship (One time)
***One successful title defence

*'''BKK Muay Thai'''
**BKK Muay Thai Women's British -63 kg/138 lb Championship (One time)

*'''British Muaythai Board of Control'''
**BMBC Women's English -60 kg/132 lb Championship (One time)

*'''Capital Punishment'''
**Capital Punishment -61.5 kg/135 lb Championship (One time)

*'''FIST'''
**FIST Women's British -63 kg/138 lb Championship (One time)
***One successful title defence

*'''Golden Belt'''
**Golden Belt Women's European -61.5 kg/135 lb Championship (One time)

*'''[[International Kickboxing Federation]]'''
**IKF Women's Amateur British Super Lightweight (-62.2 kg/137 lb) Muay Thai Championship (One time)
**IKF Women's World Super Lightweight (-62.2 kg/137 lb) Muay Thai Championship (One time)

*'''International Muay Thai Federation'''
**ITMF Women's World -65 kg/143 lb Championship (One time)

*'''[[International Sport Karate Association]]'''
**ISKA Women's World Light Welterweight (-64.5 kg/143 lb) Championship (One time)
**ISKA Women's World Welterweight (+64.5 kg/143 lb) Championship (One time)

*'''International Muaythai and Kickboxing Organisation'''
**IMKO Women's European -63 kg/138 lb Championship (One time)

*'''Women's International Kick Boxing Association'''
**WIKBA Intercontinental -63 kg/138 lb Championship (One time)
**WIKBA World -61.5 kg/135 lb Championship (One time)
***One successful title defence

*'''[[World Boxing Council Muaythai]]'''
**WBC Muaythai Women's World Welterweight (-66.6 kg/147 lb) Championship

*'''[[World Kickboxing Association]]'''
**WKA Women's British Light Heavyweight (-65 kg/143 lb) Championship (One time)

*'''[[World Muaythai Council]]'''
**WMC Women's World Junior Welterweight (-63.5 kg/140 lb) Championship (One time)
***One successful title defence

*'''[[World Professional Kickboxing League]]'''
**WPKL Women's British -59 kg/130 lb Championship (One time)
**WPKL Women's British -63 kg/138 lb Championship (One time)

*'''[[World Professional Muaythai Federation]]'''
**WPMF Women's World Super Lightweight (-63.5 kg/140 lb) Championship (One time)
**WPMF Women's World Welterweight (-66.6 kg/147 lb) Championship (One time)

==Kickboxing record==
{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | <span style="color:white;">Kickboxing record</span>
|- valign="top" 
|<div class="NavFrame">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:white; "><span style="color:black;">'''61 wins''' (? KOs), '''9 losses''', '''0 draws''', '''1 no contest'''</span></div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left; display:collapse;">
{|class="wikitable" width="100%"
|- align="center"  bgcolor="#dddddd"
| '''Date''' || '''Result''' || '''Opponent''' || '''Event''' || '''Location''' || '''Method''' || '''Round''' || '''Time''' || '''Record'''
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2014-02-22 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Christi Brereton]] || Muay Thai Unleashed II || [[Telford, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 27-9
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{Small|For the [[United Kingdom Muaythai Federation|UKMF]] Women's British Bantamweight (-55 kg/121 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2013-12-21 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|WAL}} [[Tanya Merrett]] || Smash Muay Thai 7 || [[Liverpool, England]] || Decision || 5 || || 27-8
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2013-03-30 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Iman Barlow]] || Enfusion Live 3 || [[London, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 26-8
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|For the [[Enfusion#Enfusion Live Women's -54 kg/119 lb Championship|Enfusion Live Women's -54 kg/119 lb Championship]].}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2013-01-25 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Tiffany van Soest]] || Lion Fight 8 || [[Las Vegas, Nevada, USA]] || KO (left high kick and punches) || 4 || 2:05 || 26-7
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-12-01 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Kate Stables]] || Smash Muay Thai 2 || [[Liverpool, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || || 26-6
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-09-23 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Ilsury Hendrikse]] || Stars Fight Night 3 || [[London, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 25-6
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|Wins the [[World Muaythai Council|WMC]] Women's World Bantamweight (-53.5 kg/118 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2012-07-27 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Farseethong Sithsorung]] || King's Cup 2012 || [[Thailand]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 24-6
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|For the [[World Professional Muaythai Federation|WPMF]] Women's World Featherweight (-57.1 kg/126 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2012-05-00 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Sawsing Sor Sopit]] || Rangsit Stadium || [[Pathum Thani, Thailand]] || Decision || 5 || || 24-5
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2012-04-22 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|AUS}} [[Kate Heuston]] || Ignition Muay Thai || [[Perth, Australia]] || Decision || 5 || || 24-4
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|For the [[World Muaythai Council|WMC]] Women's Intercontinental Featherweight (-57.1 kg/126 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2012-03-00 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|THA}} || || [[Thailand]] || Decision || 5 || 2:00 || 24-3
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|Wins the [[World Professional Muaythai Federation|WPMF]] Women's World Bantamweight (-53.5 kg/118 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-11-27 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Mellony Geugjes]] || Stars Fight Night || [[London, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 2:00 || 
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2011-08-11 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|THA}} [[Mesa Tor Buamas]] || Queen's Cup 2011 || [[Bangkok, Thailand]] || Decision || 5 || || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|For the [[World Professional Muaythai Federation|WPMF]] Women's World Featherweight (-57.1 kg/126 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-00-00 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|SCO}} [[Joanne Calderwood]] || || || || || || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|Wins the [[World Kickboxing Association|WKA]] Women's World Muay Thai Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2011-03-19 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|NED}} [[Lorena Klijn]] || Keddle's Promotions: Championship Muay Thai || [[Essex, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|Wins the [[International Kickboxing Federation|IKF]] Women's World Bantamweight (-55.4 kg/122 lb) Muay Thai Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-11-13 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|CAN}} [[Jessica Gladstone]] || Journey Fight Series I || [[Calgary, Alberta, Canada]] || Decision (unanimous) || 5 || 3:00 || 
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-10-23 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|FRA}} [[Malika Machtoune]] || Keddle's Promotions || [[Essex, England]] || TKO (punches and knees) || 2 || 0:26 || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{Small|Wins the [[International Sport Karate Association|ISKA]] Women's World Muay Thai Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2010-03-13 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|POR}} [[Caterino Valerio]] || Keddle's Promotions || [[Essex, England]] || Decision || 5 || || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{Small|Wins the [[International Sport Karate Association|ISKA]] Women's European Bantamweight (-54.5 kg/120 lb) Muay Thai Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2009-09-13 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Lucy Payne]] || Muay Thai Addicts II || [[London, England]] || Decision || 5 || 2:00 || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{Small|Wins the [[United Kingdom Muaythai Federation|UKMF]] Women's English Featherweight (-57 kg/125 lb) Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#CCFFCC"
| 2008-11-23 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Jo Abrehart]] || Capital Punishment: Battle of Waterloo || [[London, England]] || || || || 
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2007-11-24 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tracey Renow]] || 21st Century Promotions: Championship Kickboxing || [[Hove, England]] || Decision (majority) || || || 
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{Small|For the Golden Belt Women's British -59.5 kg/131 lb Full Contact Championship.}}
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="#FFBBBB"
| 2007-04-07 || Loss ||align=left|{{flagicon|ENG}} [[Tracey Renow]] || 21st Century Promotions: Championship Kickboxing || [[Hove, England]] || Decision (unanimous) || || || 
|-
|}</div></div>
'''''Legend''''': {{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win |border=1px solid #CCFFCC}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss |border=1px solid #FFBBBB}}
{{legend2|#c5d2ea|Draw/No contest |border=1px solid #c5d2ea}}
{{legend2|White|Notes |border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|}

==External links==
* {{official website|http://www.juliekitchen.com/}}
* [http://www.juliekitchen.com/ Awakening profile]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

[[:Category:1977 births]]
[[:Category:Living people]]
[[:Category:English kickboxers]]
[[:Category:Featherweight kickboxers]]
[[:Category:Lightweight kickboxers]]
[[:Category:Welterweight kickboxers]]
[[:Category:Female kickboxers]]
[[:Category:British Muay Thai practitioners]]
[[:Category:Female Muay Thai practitioners]]
[[:Category:People from Penzance]]
[[:Category:Sportspeople from Cornwall]]












{{Infobox martial artist
| name            = Fredia Gibbs
| native_name     = 
| image           = 
| image_size      = 
| caption         = 
| birth_name      = 
| other_names     = The Cheetah
| nationality     = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Americans|American]]
| birth_date      = {{Birth date and age|1963|07|09}}
| birth_place     = [[Chester, Pennsylvania]], [[United States]]
| fighting_out_of = [[North Hollywood, California]], [[United States]]
| death_date      = 
| death_place     = 
| height          = {{height|m=1.71|precision=1}}
| weight          = {{convert|63.5|kg|lb st|abbr=on}}
| weight_class    = [[Lightweight]] <br> [[Welterweight]]
| reach           = 
| style           = [[Boxing]], [[Muay Thai]], [[Taekwondo]]
| rank            = {{color box|black}} ''black belt in [[Taekwondo]]''
| stance          = Orthodox
| team            = Muay Thai Academy of North Hollywood
| trainer         = 
| years_active    = 1997-2003
| box_win         = 9
| box_kowin       = 2
| box_loss        = 2
| box_koloss      = 1
| box_draw        = 1
| box_nc          = 
| kickbox_win     = 16
| kickbox_kowin   = 15
| kickbox_loss    = 0
| kickbox_koloss  = 
| kickbox_draw    = 0
| kickbox_nc      = 
| other           = 
| occupation      = 
| spouse          = 
| children        = 
| relatives       = 
| students        = 
| university      = 
| url             = 
| updated         = 
}}

==Kickboxing record==
{| class="toccolours" width=100% style="clear:both; margin:1.5em auto; font-size:85%; text-align:center;"
|-
! colspan=2 style="background:#A9A9A9" | <span style="color:white;">Kickboxing record</span>
|- valign="top" 
|<div class="NavFrame">
<div class="NavHead" style="background:white; "><span style="color:black;">'''16 wins''' (15 KOs), '''0 losses''', '''0 draws'''</span></div>
<div class="NavContent" style="text-align:left; display:collapse;">
{|class="wikitable" width="100%"
|- align="center"  bgcolor="#dddddd"
| '''Date''' || '''Result''' || '''Opponent''' || '''Event''' || '''Location''' || '''Method''' || '''Round''' || '''Time''' || '''Record'''
|-
|- align="center" bgcolor="CCFFCC"
| 1995-08-11 || Win ||align=left|{{flagicon|USA}} [[Arlene Sanchez]] || || [[Reno, Nevada, USA]] || KO || 5 || || 16-0
|-
! style=background:white colspan=9 |{{small|Retains the [[International Sport Karate Association|ISKA]] World Super Lightweight (−62.3 kg/137 lb) Full Contact Championship.}}
|-
|}</div></div>
'''''Legend''''': {{legend2|#CCFFCC|Win |border=1px solid #CCFFCC}}
{{legend2|#FFBBBB|Loss |border=1px solid #FFBBBB}}
{{legend2|#c5d2ea|Draw/No contest |border=1px solid #c5d2ea}}
{{legend2|White|Notes |border=1px solid #AAAAAA}}
|}


{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Title !! Description !! Source
|-
| Algerian Patriotic Front (APF) || A separatist group instigating a coup to take control of the Algerian government. || ''[[SOCOM II]]'' 
|-
| Allah Sadikahu || An [[Islamic terrorism|Islamic terrorist]] organization which attains several portable nuclear devices from various black market organizations in [[Turkmenistan]]. || ''[[SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs (video game)|SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs]]''
|-
| Anarchy 99 || An [[Anarchism|anarchist]], terrorist and organized crime group founded by disillusioned former [[Russian Ground Forces|Russian army]] personnel during the [[Second Chechen War]] in 1999, Anarchy 99 seek to anonymously launch gas attacks on several cities worldwide from their autonomous submarine ''Ahab'' in an effort to eliminate government on a global scale. || ''[[XXX (2002 film)|xXx]]''
|-
| Anser Al-Ra'id || An ethnic Zeki faction led by Mullah Qari Ra’id, seeking northern ethnic Zeki independence in the province of Tien Hamir under his rule following the fictional country of Zekistan's eruption into ethnic conflict following a US-led invasion. The more fanatical elements of the Anser al-Ra'id are the Hashishim al-Ra'id, known for ruthless tactics and torture. || ''[[Full Spectrum Warrior: Ten Hammers]]''
|-
| Armahad Republic Jihad || || ''[[Mission: Impossible III]]''
|-
| Aryan Alliance || An American [[White nationalism|white nationalist]] [[Domestic terrorism in the United States|domestic terrorism]] group. || ''[[Imperium (2016 film)|Imperium]]''
|-
| Asian Dawn || A Sri Lanka-based group, presumably a fictionalized version of the [[Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam]]. || ''[[Die Hard]]''
|-
| Authentic Irish Republican Army (AIRA) || A [[Dissident republican|dissident]] [[Irish republicanism|Irish republican]] paramilitary organisation, presumably a fictionalized version of the [[Real Irish Republican Army]]. || ''[[The Foreigner (2017 film)|The Foreigner]]''
|-
| Balkan Dragons || A militia based in the fictional Autonomous Region X of Republic T, led by the internationally wanted criminal Dragan Nikolaevich. The group and its leader appear to be inspired by the [[Serb Volunteer Guard]] (Arkan's Tigers) and [[Arkan|Željko "Arkan" Ražnatović]]. || ''[[Jormungand (manga)|Jormungand]]''
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| Black Sunday || A Middle Eastern terrorist group. || ''[[Flight of Fury]]''
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| Brotherhood of the Higher Realm Army (BOTHRA) || An Islamic terrorist group founded in the early 1980s with cells based in northern Pakistan and North America. || ''[[Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Mission Pack: Eagle Watch]]''
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| Chilean Liberation League (CLL) || A group seeking to overthrow the Chilean government. || ''[[SOCOM: U.S. Navy SEALs Fireteam Bravo]]''
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| Cordis Die || || ''[[Call of Duty: Black Ops II]]''
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| Cornish Liberation Army (CLA) || A militant [[Cornish nationalism|Cornish nationalist]] group. Possibly inspired by the [[Cornish National Liberation Army]]. || ''[[The Bad Education Movie]]''
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| United Souls of the People (AUP) || United Souls of the People, better known as AUP (''Almas Unidas del Pueblo''), is a [[Right-wing paramilitarism in Colombia|Colombian right-wing paramilitary group]]. Originally formed as a counterinsurgency force in 2001, their activities later include drug trafficking, naval hijacking, kidnapping, extortion, and assassination. They also have close ties to landowners, cattle ranchers, mining/petroleum companies, and other paramilitary groups. || ''[[Max Payne 3]]''
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