View source for User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/markup

* {{formatnum:12345}} — get documentation for 'formatnum'
* [[mw:Help:Magic words]]
<br/>
* ä ë ö ü Ä Ë Ö Ü ß € ¢ °C °F – —
* <nowiki>{{use dmy dates|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki>{{use American English|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki>#REDIRECT [[</nowiki>''target''<nowiki>]]</nowiki> {{emdash}} '''must be on line number{{nbsp;}}1''' but can have trailing comments
* <nowiki>{{subst:DATE}}</nowiki>
* [[web colors#X11 color names|X11 web colors]]
* [[../table]]

== Layout guide ==

* [[MOS:Layout]]

== Basic markup ==

* italic : <nowiki>''</nowiki>
* bold : <nowiki>'''</nowiki>

== Draft content ==

* <nowiki>{{user sandbox}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki><!-- {{user sandbox}} --></nowiki>

== Tables ==

* all <code>|</code> markup '''must''' commence on a new line, spacing is not significant
* advanced edits menu
* [[Help:Table]]
* [[Help:Basic table markup]]
* [[Wikipedia:Advanced table formatting]]

== Language related ==

* {{interlanguage link multi|MIBRAG|de|3=Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft}} — <nowiki>{{interlanguage link multi|MIBRAG|de|3=Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft}}</nowiki> (or <nowiki>{{ill}}</nowiki>)
* [[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]] — <nowiki>[[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]]</nowiki>
* [[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft|Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]] — <nowiki>[[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft|Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]]</nowiki>
* [[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft|Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft]] — <nowiki>[[:de:Mitteldeutsche Braunkohlengesellschaft|]]</nowiki> (known as the '''pipe trick''' in which the missing part is filled in automatically)
* {{lang|de|...und das ist auch gut so}} — <nowiki>{{lang|de|...und das ist auch gut so}}</nowiki> (denotes language in HTML, often makes no visible changes but may do so, assists screen readers, spell checkers, and so forth) 
* {{in lang|de}} — <nowiki>{{in lang|de}}</nowiki>
* {{langx|de|Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz}} — <nowiki>{{langx|de|Erneuerbare-Energien-Gesetz}}</nowiki>
* {{langx|en|Basic Law}} — <nowiki>{{langx|en|Basic Law}}</nowiki>
* {{flag|Germany}} — <nowiki>{{flag|Germany}}</nowiki>
* {{flag|Germany|name=German}} — <nowiki>{{flag|Germany|name=German}}</nowiki>
* {{translated page|de|Energieeinsparverordnung}} — <nowiki>{{translation/ref|de|Energieeinsparverordnung}}</nowiki>
{{clear}}

== Notes related ==

* [[Template:Efn]]
<br/>
* <nowiki>{{efn|Text.}}</nowiki> and invoke <nowiki>{{notelist}}</nowiki> or <nowiki>{{notelist-talk}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki>{{efn|name=some-name|Text.}}</nowiki> with second instance <nowiki>{{efn|name=some-name}}</nowiki> (do '''not''' enclose name value in quotes)
<br/>
* <nowiki>{{ref|a|*}} and &lt;nowiki&gt;*&lt;/nowiki&gt;{{note|a}}</nowiki> (each note in the notes section is marked up by hand)
* <nowiki>{{ref|b|†}} and †{{note|b}}</nowiki>

== Citation related ==

* {{better source|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{better source|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=Xxx xxxx}}</nowiki>
* {{cite quote|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{cite quote|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{citation needed|reason=Xxx xxxx|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{citation needed|reason=Xxx xxxx|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{citation needed lead|date=June 2016}} — <nowiki>{{citation needed lead|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{failed verification|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{failed verification|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{dubious|reason=Xxx xxxxx|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{dubious|reason=Xxx xxxx|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{which|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{which|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{how|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{how|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{specify|date=July 2016|reason=Xxx xxxx}} — <nowiki>{{specify|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=Xxx xxxx}}</nowiki>
* {{bywhom|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{bywhom|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{when|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{when|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{clarify|date=July 2016|reason=Xxx xxxx}} — <nowiki>{{clarify|{{subst:DATE}}|reason=Xxx xxxx}}</nowiki>
* {{ambiguous|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{ambiguous|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{self-published source|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{self-published source|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{tone-inline|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{tone-inline|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{update after|2016|3|23}} — <nowiki>{{update after|2016|3|23}}</nowiki> <nowiki>{{update after|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{dead link|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{dead link|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki> (for broken URLs, place immediately ''before'' the closing <nowiki></ref></nowiki> tag leaving a space to the left)
* {{rp|needed=yes|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{rp|needed=yes|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{page needed|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{page needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki> (place immediately ''after'' the closing <nowiki></ref></nowiki> tag leaving no space)
* {{attribution needed|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{attribution needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{nonspecific|date=July 2012}} — <nowiki>{{nonspecific|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{sup|[''custom text'']}} — <nowiki>{{sup|[''custom text'']}}</nowiki>
* Candidates {{cns|text=than ever before|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{cns|text=than ever before|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{subscription required}} — <nowiki>{{subscription required}}</nowiki>
* {{subscription}} — <nowiki>{{subscription}}</nowiki>

== Reference related ==

* [[Help:Reftags]] — describes the very useful <nowiki>{{r}}</nowiki> template usage
* [[Template:R]] — replaces <nowiki><ref name="person-2015"/>{{rp|100}}</nowiki> with <nowiki>{{r|person-2015|pages=100}}</nowiki> and so on
* [[Template:Rp]] (rp means reference pages)
* [[Template:Doi]]
* [[Help:Magic links]] — for ISBN, PMID, RFC (but explicit templates are preferable)
<br/>
* lettered footnotes: <nowiki>{{efn|Text text.}}</nowiki> and <nowiki>{{notelist}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* reference database
<code><nowiki>
{{reflist|30em|refs= <ref name="frog-etal-1970">{{cite book | title = Ponds}}</ref>}} <!-- reflist -->
</nowiki></code>
<br/>
<br/>
* grouped references
* [[Help:Footnotes]]
<code><nowiki>
<ref group="groupname" name="id"></ref>
</nowiki></code>
<br/>
<code><nowiki>
{{reflist|group=groupname}}
</nowiki></code>
<br/>
<br/>
* display-authors = etal
* <nowiki>{{reflist|30em}}</nowiki> — made the reference list 30em wide (three column on my aging laptop) (easier to read)
* <nowiki>{{reflist-talk|2}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{rp|365}} — <nowiki>{{rp|365}}</nowiki> (immediately following <code><nowiki></ref></nowiki></code> tag)
* {{rp|section 2}} — <nowiki>{{rp|section 2}}</nowiki> (the template applies a nowrap construction)
* {{rp|S28–S29}}{{nnbsp}}{{rp|at=emphasis per original}} — <nowiki>{{rp|S28–S29}}{{nnbsp}}{{rp|at=emphasis per original}}</nowiki> (the {{para|at}} parameter adds parentheses)
* {{rp|needed=yes|date=December 2016}} — <nowiki>{{rp|needed=yes|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
* {{sup|some text}} — <nowiki>{{sup|some text}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{p.|2}} — <nowiki>{{p.|2}}</nowiki> (adds no-break space)
* {{p.|2|4}} — <nowiki>{{p.|2|4}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{Source-attribution|sentence=yes|{{cite book | last1 = King | first1 = Richard | title = Handbook | volume = 1 | year=1869 | publisher = J Murray}}}}<nowiki/>— <nowiki>{{citation-attribution|{{cite book ... }}}}</nowiki>
* {{source-attribution|{{cite book | last1 = King | first1 = Richard | title = Handbook | volume = 1 | year=1869 | publisher = J Murray}}}} — <nowiki>{{source-attribution|{{cite book ... }}}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{open access}} — <nowiki>{{open access}}</nowiki> (leave '''space''' after cite template)
* {{closed access}} — <nowiki>{{closed access}}</nowiki> (leave '''space''' after cite template)
* {{link note|note=Registration required}} — <nowiki>{{link note|note=Registration required}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{ISSN|1234-5679}} — <nowiki>{{ISSN|1234-5679}}</nowiki> (validation also)
* {{ISBN|0-7475-3269-9}} — <nowiki>{{ISBN|0-7475-3269-9}}</nowiki> (validation also)
* {{PMID|12345}} — <nowiki>{{PMID|12345}}</nowiki> (PubMed ID for biomedical journals)
<br/>
* ISSN 1234-5679 — <nowiki>ISSN 1234-5679</nowiki> (magic link '''not''' supported)
* {{ISBN|0-7475-3269-9}} — <nowiki>ISBN 0-7475-3269-9</nowiki> (magic link supported)
* ISBN <nowiki/> 0-7475-3269-9 — <nowiki>ISBN <nowiki/> 0-7475-3269-9</nowiki> (magic link '''suppressed''')
<br/>
* {{doi|10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001}} — <nowiki>{{doi|10.1016/j.coi.2004.08.001}}</nowiki>
<br>
* {{ill|Albert Einstein|de|Albert Einstein}} — <nowiki>{{ill|Albert Einstein|de|Albert Einstein}}</nowiki> — template is alias for Interlanguage link
* {{ill|Albert EinsteinX|de|Albert Einstein}} — <nowiki>{{ill|Albert EinsteinX|de|Albert Einstein}}</nowiki>
* Albert EinsteinX {{small|{{bracket|[[:de:Albert Einstein|de]]}}}} — <nowiki>{{small|{{bracket|[[:de:Albert Einstein|de]]}}}}</nowiki> — alternative markup to above to avoid red link

== Attributions ==

* {{section link|Wikipedia:FAQ/Copyright|Can I add something to Wikipedia that I got from somewhere else?}} — list of compatible CC licenses
* [[Template:CC-notice]]
<br/>
{{cc-notice | cc = by4 | url = https://www.xxx.org/yyy | author(s) = Bill Frog}} Changes were made.
<br/>
* — <nowiki><ref>{{cite web | title = ...}} {{cc-notice | cc = by4 | url = https://www.xxx.org/yyy | author(s) = Bill Frog}} Changes were made.</ref></nowiki>
* used for material imported from the [https://www.cleanenergywire.org Clean Energy Wire] site
<br/>
<br/>
[[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International {{nowrap|(CC BY 4.0)}} license].
<br/>
* — <nowiki><ref>{{cite web | title = ...}} [[File:CC-BY icon.svg|50px]] Material was copied from this source, which is available under a [https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International {{nowrap|(CC BY 4.0)}} license].</ref></nowiki>
* used for material imported from the [http://wiki.openmod-initiative.org openmod wiki]

== Text related ==

* [[Template:Nnbsp]] — '''narrow''' no-break space
* [[Template:Abbr]] — add abbreviations
* [http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Unicode/whatisit.html identify unicode in text string]
<br/>
* '''Bold <span style="font-weight: normal">Normal</span>''' — <nowiki>'''Bold <span style="font-weight: normal">Normal</span>'''</nowiki> (for use in bold environments)
* {{em|emphasis}} — <nowiki>{{em|emphasis}}</nowiki> (semantic markup, which has some benefits)
* {{font|courier|font=courier|color=DarkOliveGreen}} — <nowiki>{{font|courier|font=courier|color=DarkOliveGreen}}</nowiki> (can also use text=)
* text {{fontcolor||#FFDDCC|text}} text — <nowiki>text {{fontcolor||#FFDDCC|text}} text</nowiki>
* {{mono|monospaced iiii}} — <nowiki>{{mono|monospaced iiii}}</nowiki> (note that <nowiki><tt></nowiki> is an obsolete element under HTML5)
* {{small|(2005–present)}} — <nowiki>{{small|(2005–present)}}</nowiki>
* {{resize|80%|this text is 80% normal size}} — <nowiki>{{resize|80%|this text is 80% normal size}}</nowiki>
* {{resize|this text defaults to 90% normal size}} — <nowiki>{{resize|this text defaults to 90% normal size}}</nowiki>
* {{resize|1.2em|this text is 0.2em larger than normal}} — <nowiki>{{resize|1.2em|this text is 0.2em larger than normal}}</nowiki>
* {{nee|Name}} — <nowiki>{{nee|Name}}</nowiki>
* {{circa|1850}} — <nowiki>{{circa|1850}}</nowiki>
* {{abbr|MSLP|Mean Sea Level Pressure}} — <nowiki>{{abbr|MSLP|Mean Sea Level Pressure}}</nowiki> (mouse-over abbreviations)
* {{abbr|aka|also known as}} — <nowiki>{{abbr|aka|also known as}}</nowiki>
* {{abbrlink|UK|United Kingdom}} — <nowiki>{{abbrlink|UK|United Kingdom}}</nowiki> (generates a link too)
* {{aka}} — <nowiki>{{aka}}</nowiki>
* {{sic}} — <nowiki>{{sic}}</nowiki> (for when the quote looks wrong)
* {{abbr|pp|percent points}} — <nowiki>{{abbr|pp|percent points}}</nowiki>
* Lots of text {{nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}} more text. — <nowiki>Lots of text {{nowrap|10 kg (22 lb)}} more text.</nowiki>
* {{sic|public|ally|expected=publicly}} — <nowiki>{{sic|public|ally|expected=publicly}}</nowiki> (although [[wiktionary:publically|publically]] is listed as an acceptable spelling) (the <code>public|ally</code> is for obfuscation)
* {{sic|public|ally|expected=publicly|hide=yes}} — <nowiki>{{sic|public|ally|expected=publicly|hide=yes}}</nowiki> (offers the benefits of the template without displaying anything)
* <nowiki>{{nbsp}}</nowiki> — no-break space
* <nowiki>{{nnbsp}}</nowiki> — '''narrow''' no-break space (inserts U+202F or {{sc|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE [NNBSP]}})
* {{strikethrough|HyperText Markup Language}} — <nowiki>{{strikethrough|HyperText Markup Language}}</nowiki>
* {{" '}}, {{' "}}, {{" ' "}} — <nowiki>{{" '}}</nowiki>, <nowiki>{{' "}}</nowiki>, <nowiki>{{" ' "}}</nowiki> (quotes within quotes, see [[MOS:QWQ]])
* {{xt|1=''T'' = 293.15 K}} not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}} — <nowiki>{{xt|1=''T'' = 293.15 K}} not {{!xt|1=''m''=5.4kg}}</nowiki>
* {{angbr|ŋ}} — <nowiki>{{angbr|ŋ}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{highlight round|Highlighted text}} — <nowiki>{{highlight round|Highlighted text}}</nowiki>
* {{hl|text}} — <nowiki>{{hl|text}}</nowiki>
* {{highlight|text|lightblue}} — <nowiki>{{highlight|text|lightblue}}</nowiki>
* {{red|text}} — <nowiki>{{red|text}}</nowiki>
* {{color|orangered|Hello, world!}} — <nowiki>{{color|orangered|Hello, world!}}</nowiki> (use [[RGB color model|RGB]] hex code or [[web colors#X11 color names|X11 web color]])
* {{color|seagreen|X11 color SeaGreen}} — <nowiki>{{color|seagreen|X11 color SeaGreen}}</nowiki>
* {{background color|orange|Hello, world!}} — <nowiki>{{background color|orange|Hello, world!}}</nowiki> (use [[RGB color model|RGB]] hex code or [[web colors#X11 color names|X11 web color]])
* {{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK}} — <nowiki>{{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK}}</nowiki> (named fields possible too)
* {{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK|link=yes}} — <nowiki>{{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK|link=yes}}</nowiki>
* {{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK|link=GNU Linear Programming Kit}} — <nowiki>{{font color|orangered|gainsboro|GLPK|link=GNU Linear Programming Kit}}</nowiki>

== Character related ==

[[File:Punctuation-Spaces.svg|thumb|upright|Relative widths of various spaces in Unicode]]

* [[wikibooks:Unicode/List of useful symbols]]
* [[Template:Unichar]]
* [[Whitespace character]]
* [[#HTML symbols|HTML symbols]]
* [http://www.mclean.net.nz/ucf/ unicode character finder] — enter HTML entity reference or unicode value
* [http://www.babelstone.co.uk/Unicode/whatisit.html identify unicode in text string] — enter character or string
* [[https://dev.w3.org/html5/html-author/charref HTML character entity reference chart] — for named entities
* Ubuntu: Accessories {{arrow}} Character Map (also provides XML decimal entity values)
<br/>
* {{unichar|0020|space|html=}} — <nowiki>{{unichar|0020|space|html=}}</nowiki>
* {{unichar|0020}} — <nowiki>{{unichar|0020}}</nowiki>
* {{unichar|2007}} — <nowiki>{{unichar|2007}}</nowiki>
<br/>
{| class="wikitable"
! Symbol                  !! Name                    !! HTML       !! Comment
|-
| align="center" | &#32;  || space                   || &amp;#32;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#34;  || double quote{{pad|4em}} || &amp;#34;  || &amp;quot;
|-
| align="center" | &#44;  || comma                   || &amp;#44;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#46;  || period                  || &amp;#46;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#58;  || colon                   || &amp;#58;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#59;  || semicolon               || &amp;#59;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#91;  || bracket [               || &amp;#91;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#93;  || bracket ]               || &amp;#93;  ||
|-
| align="center" | &#124; || pipe                    || &amp;#124; ||
|}

=== Unicode ===

{| class="wikitable" width="100%" style="font-size: 90%"
! Symbol                    !! Template                      !! HTML         !! Unicode !! Unicode name                        !! Comment
|-
| align="center" | &#9;     ||                               || &amp;#9;     || U+0009  || {{sc|TAB}}, {{sc|HT}} {{small|(neither are official)}} || horizontal tab, escape character {{code|\t}}
|-
| align="center" | &#10;    ||                               || &amp;#10;    || U+000A  || {{sc|LINE FEED, LF}} {{small|(neither are official)}}  || line feed, newline on UNIX, Linux, macOS 
|-
| align="center" | &#32;    ||                               || &amp;#32;    || U+0020  || {{sc|SPACE}}                        || <nowiki>{{nbsp}}</nowiki> for non-breaking
|-
| align="center" | &#35;    || <nowiki>{{hash-tag}}</nowiki> || &amp;#35;    || U+0023  || {{sc|NUMBER SIGN}}                  || use template to avoid markup interpretation
|-
| align="center" | &#42;    || <nowiki>{{asterisk}}</nowiki> || &amp;#42;    || U+002A  || {{sc|ASTERISK}}                     || &amp;ast; '''fails''', use template or &lt;nowiki&gt; markup to avoid markup interpretation
|-
| align="center" | &#45;    ||                               || &amp;#45;    || U+002D  || {{sc|HYPHEN-MINUS}}                 || standard ASCII hyphen
|-
| align="center" | &#47;    ||                               || &amp;#47;    || U+002F  || {{sc|SOLIDUS}}                      || forward slash
|-
| align="center" | &lt;     ||                               || &amp;lt;     || U+003C  || {{sc|LESS-THAN SIGN}}               || &amp;#60;
|-
| align="center" | &#61;    ||                               || &amp;#61;    || U+003D  || {{sc|EQUALS SIGN}}                  ||
|-
| align="center" | &gt;     ||                               || &amp;gt;     || U+003E  || {{sc|GREATER-THAN SIGN}}            || &amp;#62;
|-
| align="center" | &#92;    ||                               || &amp;#92;    || U+005C  || {{sc|REVERSE SOLIDUS}}              || back slash
|-
| align="center" | &#96;    ||                               || &amp;#96;    || U+0060  || {{sc|GRAVE ACCENT}}                 || back tick
|-
| align="center" | &#124;   || <nowiki>{{pipe}}</nowiki>     || &amp;#124;   || U+007C  || {{sc|VERTICAL LINE}}                || template useful in parameter values, also <nowiki>{{!}}</nowiki> as magic word
|-
| align="center" | &nbsp;   || <nowiki>{{nbsp}}</nowiki>     || &amp;nbsp;   || U+00A0  || {{sc|NO-BREAK SPACE}}               || &amp;#160;
|-
| align="center" | &cent;   ||                               || &amp;cent;   || U+00A2  || {{sc|CENT SIGN}}                    || &amp;162; euro cent can be: c, &cent; (less common), ct (Germany)
|-
| align="center" | &sect;   ||                               || &amp;sect;   || U+00A7  || {{sc|SECTION SIGN}}                 || mostly for legal documents
|-
| align="center" | &shy;    || <nowiki>{{shy}}</nowiki>      || &amp;shy;    || U+00AD  || {{sc|SOFT HYPHEN}}                  || &amp;#173; [[soft hyphen]], only becomes '''visible''' on line wrapping, copy-paste problems
|-
| align="center" | &deg;    ||                               || &amp;deg;    || U+00B0  || {{sc|DEGREE SIGN}}                  || &amp;#176; also [[degree Celsius]]: 0&#8239;&deg;C or 0&amp;#8239;&amp;deg;C
|-
| align="center" | &Oslash; ||                               || &amp;Oslash; || U+00D8  || {{sc|LATIN CAPITAL LETTER O WITH STROKE}}  || diameter sign
|-
| align="center" | &szlig;  ||                               || &amp;szlig;  || U+00DF  || {{sc| LATIN LETTER SMALL SHARP S}}  || Deutsch eszett
|-
| align="center" | &emsp;   ||                               || &amp;emsp;   || U+2003  || {{sc|EM SPACE}}                     || &amp;#8195; about four times a normal space
|-
| align="center" | &thinsp; || <nowiki>{{thinsp}}</nowiki>   || &amp;thinsp; || U+2009  || {{sc|THIN SPACE}}                   || &amp;#8201; <nowiki>{{space|thin}}</nowiki> for non-breaking
|-
| align="center" | &#8202;  ||                               || &amp;#8202;  || U+200A  || {{sc|HAIR SPACE}}                   || <nowiki>{{space|hair}}</nowiki> for non-breaking, very narrow and of limited use
|-
| align="center" | &#8203;  ||                               || &amp;#8203;  || U+200B  || {{sc|ZERO-WIDTH SPACE}}             || [[zero-width space]], provides '''optional''' line wrapping point within a word, copy-paste problems
|-
| align="center" | &#8209;  || <nowiki>{{nbhyph}}</nowiki>   || &amp;#8209;  || U+2011  || {{sc|NON-BREAKING HYPHEN}}          || non-breaking hyphen
|-
| align="center" | &ndash;  || <nowiki>{{ndash}}</nowiki>    || &amp;ndash;  || U+2013  || {{sc|EN DASH}}                       || &amp;8211
|-
| align="center" | &mdash;  || <nowiki>{{mdash}}</nowiki>    || &amp;mdash;  || U+2014  || {{sc|EM DASH}}                       || &amp;8218
|-
| align="center" | &dagger; || <nowiki>{{dagger}}</nowiki>   || &amp;dagger; || U+2020  || {{sc|DAGGER}}                       || &amp;#8224;
|-
| align="center" | &bull;   ||                               || &amp;bull;   || U+2022  || {{sc|BULLET}}                       || &amp;#8226;
|-
| align="center" | &#8239;  || <nowiki>{{nnbsp}}</nowiki>    || &amp;#8239;  || U+202F  || {{sc|NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE}}        ||
|-
| align="center" | &euro;   ||                               || &amp;euro;   || U+20AC  || {{sc|EURO SIGN}}                    || &amp;#8364;
|-
| align="center" | &larr;   ||                               || &amp;larr;   || U+2190  || {{sc|LEFTWARDS ARROW}}              || &amp;#8592;
|-
| align="center" | &rarr;   ||                               || &amp;rarr;   || U+2192  || {{sc|RIGHTWARDS ARROW}}             || &amp;#8594;
|-
| align="center" | &#8722;  ||                               || &amp;#8722;  || U+2212  || {{sc|MINUS SIGN}}                   || &amp;minus;
|-
| align="center" | &lowast; ||                               || &amp;lowast; || U+2217  || {{sc|ASTERISK OPERATOR}}            || &amp;8727; larger than the typewriter asterisk and centered
|-
| align="center" | &sdot;   ||                               || &amp;sdot;   || U+22C5  || {{sc|DOT OPERATOR}}                 || &amp;8901; useful in units like 1000&thinsp;TWh&sdot;a<sup>&minus;1</sup>
|-
| align="center" | &#8960;  ||                               || &amp;#8960;  || U+2300  || {{sc|DIAMETER SIGN}}                || diameter sign
|-
| align="center" | &#9251;  ||                               || &amp;#9251;  || U+2423  || {{sc|OPEN BOX}}                     || &amp;blank; doesn't work, used to indicate an explicit space character
|-
| align="center" | &#9633;  ||                               || &amp;#9633;  || U+25A1  || {{sc|WHITE SQUARE}}                 ||
|-
| align="center" | &#9634;  ||                               || &amp;#9634;  || U+25A2  || {{nowrap|{{sc|WHITE SQUARE WITH ROUNDED CORNERS}}}} ||
|-
| align="center" | &#9658;  ||                               || &amp;#9658;  || U+25BA  || {{sc|BLACK RIGHT-POINTING POINTER}} ||
|-
| align="center" | &#10003; ||                               || &amp;#10003; || U+2713  || {{sc|CHECK MARK}}                   || tick character
|-
| align="center" | &#10004; ||                               || &amp;#10004; || U+2714  || {{sc|HEAVY CHECK MARK}}             || bold tick character
|-
| align="center" | &lbrace; ||                               || &amp;lbrace; || U+007B  || {{sc|LEFT CURLY BRACKET}}           || use to avoid creating template
|-
| align="center" | &rbrace; ||                               || &amp;rbrace; || U+007D || {{sc|RIGHT CURLY BRACKET}}          || use to avoid creating template
|}

== Quote related ==

* <nowiki><blockquote></nowiki> — HTML markup
* [[Template:quote]]
* [[Template:cquote]] — with decorative quote marks (not usually recommended)
* [[Template:quote box]] — the {{para|title}} parameter is optional
* [[Template:quote frame]]
<br/>
<blockquote>
Quoted material.
</blockquote>

{{clear}}

<pre style="text-size: 90%">
<blockquote>
Quoted material.
</blockquote>
</pre>

{{quote
 | text = Quoted material.
 | author = First M Last 
 | title = "Article Title" 
 | source = ''Book title'' (date)
}}

{{clear}}

<pre style="text-size: 90%">
{{quote
 | text = Quoted material.
 | author = First M Last 
 | title = "Article Title" 
 | source = ''Book title'' (date)
}}
</pre>

{{quote box
 | quote = The most interesting thing to me, is that it traveled. It went from New York media circle-jerk Twitter to international.
 | align = left
 | width = 30%
 | qalign = left
 | salign = right
 | title = Title
 | author = Author
 | source = Source
}}

{{clear}}

<pre style="text-size: 90%">
{{quote box
 | quote = The most interesting thing to me, is that it traveled. It went from New York media circle-jerk Twitter to international.
 | align = left
 | width = 30%
 | qalign = left
 | salign = right
 | title = Title
 | author = Author
 | source = Source
}}
</pre>

{{quote frame
 | quote = Quoted material
 | author = Author
 | title = Title
}}

{{clear}}

<pre style="text-size: 90%">
{{quote frame
 | quote = Quoted material
 | author = Author
 | title = Title
}}
</pre>

== Code related ==

* code snippets should use a <code><nowiki>{{code}}</nowiki></code> template and longer content should use  <code><nowiki><pre></nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code> markup
* [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:SyntaxHighlight]] — nonstandard "HTML" tag
* [[mediawikiwiki:Extension:SyntaxHighlight#Supported languages]] — hundreds of languages and file formats supported
* scrollbars and scrolling are supported by <code><nowiki><pre></nowiki></code> '''but not''' <code><nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki></code>, although the <code>font-size</code> attribute works in both cases
* the <code><nowiki><source></nowiki></code> tag is depricated
<br/>
* {{code | lang=cpp | int foo(const std::vector<long double*>& baz);}} — <nowiki>{{code | lang=cpp | int foo(const std::vector<long double*>& baz);}}</nowiki>

<syntaxhighlight lang="cpp" style="font-size: 90%">
int func(int x, int y)
{
  return x;
}
</syntaxhighlight>

* <nowiki><syntaxhighlight lang="cpp" style="font-size: 90%"> ... </syntaxhighlight></nowiki> (wrap at 60 chars for small screen devices)
<br/>
<pre style="font-size: 90%; overflow-x:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto">
pre very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very line
</pre>

* <code><nowiki><pre style="font-size: 90%; overflow-x:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto"></nowiki></code>

<br/>
* {{tag|small|o|params=style="font-size: 85%"}} — <nowiki>{{tag|small|o|params=style="font-size: 85%"}}</nowiki>
* {{tag|small|params=style="font-size: 85%"}} — <nowiki>{{tag|small|params=style="font-size: 85%"}}</nowiki>

== Redirection related ==

'''Redirect'''

* [[Help:Redirect]] — create a redirect or redirection page
** <nowiki>[[source]]</nowiki> — easy way of creating a new page
** <nowiki>#REDIRECT [[target#section]]</nowiki> — add this line to the new page and save with commit message like "creating redirection page" {{emdash}} '''must be on line number{{nbsp;}}1''' but can have trailing comments

'''Other'''

* {{anchor|foo-bar}} — <nowiki>{{anchor|foo-bar}}</nowiki> and link with <nowiki>[[#foo-bar|foo bar]]</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{redirects|ESWC|the conference|Extended Semantic Web Conference}} — <nowiki>{{redirects|ESWC|the conference|Extended Semantic Web Conference}}</nowiki>
* {{main article|Energiewende}} — <nowiki>{{main article|Energiewende}}</nowiki>
* {{see also|Energiewende#Status}} — <nowiki>{{see also|Energiewende#Status}}</nowiki>
* {{further|New Zealand electricity market}} — <nowiki>{{further|New Zealand electricity market}}</nowiki>
* {{further2|[[New Zealand electricity market]]}} — <nowiki>{{further2|[[New Zealand electricity market]]}}</nowiki>
* {{other uses|Dena (disambiguation)}} — <nowiki>{{other uses|Dena (disambiguation)}}</nowiki>
* {{about|energy use in buildings|the modeling of energy systems more generally|energy modeling}} — <nowiki>{{about|energy use in buildings|the modeling of energy systems more generally|energy modeling}}</nowiki>
* {{about||the modeling of energy systems more generally|energy modeling}} — <nowiki>{{about||the modeling of energy systems more generally|energy modeling}}</nowiki>
* {{see also cat|Phrases}} — <nowiki>{{see also cat|Phrases}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{translated page|de|Energieeinsparverordnung}} — <nowiki>{{translation/ref|de|Energieeinsparverordnung}}</nowiki>

{{clear}}

== Short cuts ==

* {{NH3}} — <nowiki>{{NH3}}</nowiki>
* {{CO2|link=yes}} — <nowiki>{{CO2|link=yes}}</nowiki>
* {{CO2}}eq — <nowiki>{{CO2}}eq</nowiki>
* [[Carbon dioxide equivalent|{{CO2}}eq]] — <nowiki>[[Carbon dioxide equivalent|{{CO2}}eq]]</nowiki>

== Interlinks and embedded URLs ==

* [[Template:In title]] — <nowiki>{{</nowiki>in title|''words''|''caption''<nowiki>}}</nowiki> creates a link to search for page titles which '''contain''' given ''words''
* [[Template:Look from]] — creates link to list all pages '''beginning''' with given ''words''
* [[Template:URL]]
* [[Template:Share email]] — sophisticated mailto template
* [[Template:No spam]] — obfuscates an email address by replacing the @ sign with a graphic, defeats a search for "@" but still cut-and-pastes properly
* [[Template:Plain link]]
* [[Template:Wpsearch]] — this template should not be used in articles, including on disambiguation pages

=== Wikilinks and similar ===

* casing may be significant but underscores can be replaced by space chars
<br>
* [[system]] — <nowiki>[[system]]</nowiki>
* [[system|text]] — <nowiki>[[system|text]]</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{in title|model}} — <nowiki>{{in title|model}}</nowiki> (default caption used)
* {{look from|Energy policy of}} — <nowiki>{{look from|Energy policy of}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* [[wiktionary:endogenous|endogenous]] — <nowiki>[[wiktionary:endogenous|]]</nowiki>
* {{section link|Energiewende|Status}} — <nowiki>{{section link|Energiewende|Status}}</nowiki>
* {{section link|Energiewende|Status|nopage=yes}} — <nowiki>{{section link|Energiewende|Status|nopage=yes}}</nowiki>
* {{section link||Status}} — <nowiki>{{section link||Status}}</nowiki> (assumes same page)
* [[Energiewende#Status]] — <nowiki>[[Energiewende#Status]]</nowiki>
* [[Energiewende#Status|Status]] — <nowiki>[[Energiewende#Status|Status]]</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{bracket|[[Paris, Texas]]}} — <nowiki>{{bracket|[[Paris, Texas]]}}</nowiki> (because triple brackets do not work)
<br/>
* [[wiktionary:article]] — <nowiki>[[wiktionary:article]]</nowiki>
* [[wiktionary:article|article]] — <nowiki>[[wiktionary:article|]]</nowiki> (known as the '''pipe trick''')
* [[:de:Wikiwoods]] — <nowiki>[[:de:Wikiwoods]]</nowiki> (works for German wikipedia too)
* [[:de:Wikiwoods|Wikiwoods]] — <nowiki>[[:de:Wikiwoods|]]</nowiki> (with '''pipe trick''', works for German wikipedia too)
* [[:en:Wikiwoods]] — <nowiki>[[:en:Wikiwoods]]</nowiki> (markup works here not suprisingly)
* [[Hanning Schröder]] ([[:de:Hanning Schröder|de]]) — <nowiki>[[Hanning Schröder]] ([[:de:Hanning Schröder|de]])</nowiki> (quite laborious)
* {{ill|Hanning Schröder|de}} — <nowiki>{{ill|Hanning Schröder|de}}</nowiki> (interlanguage link template, [[Template:Interlanguage link|documentation]])
<br/>
* [[de:Wikiwoods]] — <nowiki>[[de:Wikiwoods]]</nowiki> (no leading colon, shows up in the '''side bar''' only)

=== Embedded URLs ===

* {{url|https://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk}} — <nowiki>{{url|https://www.iraqinquiry.org.uk}}</nowiki> (without alias)
* {{url|https://www.example.com|example.com}} — <nowiki>{{url|https://www.example.com|example.com}}</nowiki> (with alias, best just to drop "www.")
* {{url|1=http://www.genesys.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?id=12&L=3}} — <nowiki>{{url|1=http://www.genesys.rwth-aachen.de/index.php?id=12&L=3}}</nowiki> (when URL contains equals characters)
* {{plain link|http://www.wikipedia.org|Wikipedia}} — <nowiki>{{plain link|http://www.wikipedia.org|Wikipedia}}</nowiki> (no symbol follows)
* [http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia] — <nowiki>[http://www.wikipedia.org Wikipedia]</nowiki> (traditional markup)

=== Email addresses ===

* {{nospam}} — <nowiki>{{nospam}}</nowiki> (the @ sign is a graphic)
* {{nospam|account|example.com}} — <nowiki>{{nospam|account|example.com}}</nowiki>
* <nowiki>{{share email | target = example@gmail.com | subject = An interesting page | contents = This Wikipedia page will interest you: {{PAGENAME}} | show = email this page | icon = true}}</nowiki>
<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{share email
 | target = example@gmail.com
 | subject = An interesting page
 | contents = This Wikipedia page will interest you: {{PAGENAME}}
 | show = email this page
 | icon = true
}}
* {{share email | contents =}} — <nowiki>{{share email | contents =}}</nowiki> ('contents' set to nil to prevent default of page URL)
* {{share email | show = &nbsp; | icon = true}} — <nowiki>{{share email | show = &amp;nbsp; | icon = true}}</nowiki> ('show' set to no-break space to prevent default hyperlink, could be considered abusive)
* {{share email | target = My%20example%20%3Cexample@gmail.com%3E}} — <nowiki>{{share email | target = My%20example%20%3Cexample@gmail.com%3E}}</nowiki> (can use the [[#URL encodings|percent-encodings]] {{code|%20}} {{code|%3C}} {{code|%3E}} in the 'target' field)
</pre>
== Date and time related ==

* [[Template:As of]]
* [[Template:Show by date]]
* [[Template:Date]]
<br/>
* <nowiki>{{use dmy dates|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki> — apply at start of article
<br/>
* {{date|2006-08-04}} — <nowiki>{{date|2006-08-04}}</nowiki> (will still line break at day value)
* {{date|4 August 2006}} — <nowiki>{{date|4 August 2006}}</nowiki> (will still line break at day value)
* 4{{nbsp}}August 2006 — <nowiki>4{{nbsp}}August 2006</nowiki> ('''line break''' at day value prevented)
* {{dts|format=dmy|2018|09|04}} — <nowiki>{{dts|format=dmy|2018|09|04}}</nowiki> (for number table sorting)
* 1958{{nbnd}}2016 — <nowiki>{{nbnd}}</nowiki> (nobreak endash for date range)
* 17 April 1958{{snd}}24 June 2016 — <nowiki>{{snd}}</nowiki> (spaced endash)
* {{age in days|12 July 2016|show unit=full}} — <nowiki>{{age in days|12 July 2016|show unit=full}}</nowiki>
* {{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2000|01|01}} — <nowiki>{{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}}</nowiki> (df = use day first format)
* {{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|2000}} — <nowiki>{{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY}}</nowiki> (only year specified)
* {{start date and age|2000|01|01}} — <nowiki>{{start date and age|YYYY|MM|DD}}</nowiki> (default conduct, month-first format, no parentheses)
* {{birth date and age|df=yes|1952|01|22}} — <nowiki>{{birth date and age|df=yes|1952|01|22}}</nowiki> (must define specific '''day''', unlike 'start date and age')
* as of {{FULLDATE|type=dmy}} — <nowiki>as of {{FULLDATE|type=dmy}}</nowiki> (returns the full or short date at current UTC time — as set on the Wikipedia server)
* {{as of|2012}} — <nowiki>{{as of|2012}}</nowiki>
* {{as of|lc=yes|2012|09}} — <nowiki>{{as of|lc=yes|2012|09}}</nowiki>
* {{as of|2005|alt=since the beginning of 2005}} — <nowiki>{{as of|2005|alt=since the beginning of 2005}}</nowiki>
* was — <nowiki>{{show by date|2016|11|09|is being|was}}</nowiki> (will be hardcoded by the [[User:AnomieBOT|AnomieBOT]] shortly after the specified date is reached)
* date=July 2016 — <nowiki>{{subst:DATE}}</nowiki>

== Number and units related ==

* [[Template:Convert]] (huge number of tweaks and use cases)
* [[Template:Val]] (automatically adds a no-break space) {{hl|<}}
* [[Template:Val/testcases]] — list of test cases and the resulting HTML
* [[Template:Scinote]] — scientific notation, including engineering notation
<br/>
* {{convert|2.0|C|1}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2.0|C|1}}</nowiki> (Celsius temperature conversion, formatting applies to conversion only)
* {{convert|2.0|C|sigfig=2}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2.0|C|sigfig=2}}</nowiki> (Celsius temperature conversion, formatting applies to conversion only)
<br/>
* {{val|1.5|u=degC}} — <nowiki>{{val|1.5|u=degC}}</nowiki> (Celsius)
* {{val|1.5|ul=degC}} — <nowiki>{{val|1.5|ul=degC}}</nowiki> (Celsius with wikilink on units)
<br/>
* 3 μm{{snd}}2 mm — <nowiki>{{snd}}</nowiki> (spaced endash)
* {{math|2{{sfrac|3|16}}}} — <nowiki>{{math|2{{sfrac|3|16}}}}</nowiki>
* {{pi}} — <nowiki>{{pi}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{val|1234}} — <nowiki>{{val|1234}}</nowiki> (four digits so no thin space)
* {{val|12345}} — <nowiki>{{val|12345}}</nowiki>
* {{val|-123456}} — <nowiki>{{val|-123456}}</nowiki> (hyphen converted to minus sign)
* {{val|−123456}} — <nowiki>{{val|−123456}}</nowiki> (minus sign can be used directly)
* {{val|+1,234,567}} — <nowiki>{{val|+1,234,567}}</nowiki> (explicit plus sign remains, commas are legal but spaces are not)
* {{val|5.8|e=7|u=kg}} — <nowiki>{{val|5.8|e=7|u=kg}}</nowiki>
* {{val|32|ul=Gt}} — <nowiki>{{val|32|ul=Gt}}</nowiki> (Gt is wikilinked to [[tonne]])
* {{val|12345.67|u=TWh}} — <nowiki>{{val|12345.67|u=TWh}}</nowiki>
* {{val|fmt=commas|12345.67890}} — <nowiki>{{val|fmt=commas|12345.67890}}</nowiki>
* {{val|10|u=[[Em (typography)|em]]}} — <nowiki>{{val|10|u=[[Em (typography)|em]]}}</nowiki> (custom linking)
* {{val|3.6|u=[[terabyte|TB]]}} — <nowiki>{{val|3.6|u=[[terabyte|TB]]}}</nowiki> (custom linking)
<br/>
* {{val|12|u=£|up=kWh}} — <nowiki>{{val|12|u=£|up=kWh}}</nowiki> (the proper way of representing a fractional unit)
* {{val|6.35|ul=¢|up=kWh}} — <nowiki>{{val|6.35|ul=¢|up=kWh}}</nowiki> (redirects to [[cent (currency)|cent]]) {{hl|<}}
* {{val|6.35|ul=ct|up=kWh}} — <nowiki>{{val|6.35|ul=ct|up=kWh}}</nowiki> (redirects to the [[CT]] disambiguation page)
* {{val|6.35|ul=c|up=kWh}} — <nowiki>{{val|6.35|ul=c|up=kWh}}</nowiki> (falsely redirects to [[speed of light]])
<br/>
* {{scinote|12345}} — <nowiki>{{scinote|12345}}</nowiki>
* {{scinote|12345|3}} — <nowiki>{{scinote|12345|3}}</nowiki> (rounding to 3 significant figures)
* {{scinote|fn=eng|12345}} — <nowiki>{{scinote|fn=eng|12345}}</nowiki> (engineering notation, not available in val)
* {{scinote|0.001234500}} — <nowiki>{{scinote|0.001234500}}</nowiki> (trailing zeros are preserved)
<br/>
* {{gaps|299|792|458|u=m/s}} — <nowiki>{{gaps|299|792|458|u=m/s}}</nowiki> (adds 0.25em padding as indicated and a final nbsp between the number and any unit)
* {{gaps|1.602|176|487|(40)|e=-19|u=C}} — <nowiki>{{gaps|1.602|176|487|(40)|e=-19|u=C}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{convert|2250|m|ft}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2250|m|ft}}</nowiki> (with default UK spelling, with default rounding, without abbreviations)
* {{convert|2250|m|ft|sp=us}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2250|m|ft|sp=us}}</nowiki> (with explicit US spelling, with default rounding, without abbreviations)
* {{convert|2250|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2250|m|ft|0|comma=gaps|abbr=on}}</nowiki> (with rounding to no decimals, with abbreviations)
* {{convert|2250|m|ft|comma=gaps|sigfig=3|abbr=on}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2250|m|ft|comma=gaps|sigfig=3|abbr=on}}</nowiki> (with 3 significant figures, with abbreviations)
* {{convert|2250|m|ft|comma=gaps|round=5|abbr=on}} — <nowiki>{{convert|2250|m|ft|comma=gaps|round=5|abbr=on}}</nowiki> (with rounding to 5 feet, with abbreviations)
<br/>
* {{convert|7|F-change|C-change}} — <nowiki>{{convert|7|F-change|C-change}}</nowiki> (stepwise conversion)
* {{convert|7|F|C}} — <nowiki>{{convert|7|F|C}}</nowiki> (direct conversion)

== Geographic location related ==

* latitude and longitude
* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Geographical coordinates#Precision guidelines]]
* text: four decimals, space before compass point
** 52.4135 N 13.6281 E
** 52.4135° N 13.6281° E

=== Wikipedia ===

* [[Template:Coord]]
* {{coord|52|44|50.89|N|13|35|14.43|E}} — <nowiki>{{coord|52|44|50.89|N|13|35|14.43|E}}</nowiki> (Wikipedia) (avoid excessive precision: 1" is <31{{nbsp}}m)
* {{coord|54.5743|3.1446}} — <nowiki>{{coord|54.5743|3.1446}}</nowiki> (avoid excessive precision (0.0001° is <11{{nbsp}}m)
* {{coord|-54.5743|-3.1446}} — <nowiki>{{coord|-54.5743|-3.1446}}</nowiki> (do not use + signs though)

=== Wikimedia Commons ===

* [[commons:Template:Location]]
* {{location|54.5743|3.1446|heading:90}} — <nowiki>{{location|54.5743|3.1446|heading:90}}</nowiki> (in this case, on Wikipedia, 'location' is an alias for 'coord')

== Maths related ==

* [[Template:Math]]

== Currency related ==

* [[Template:Inflation]]
* [[Template:Currency]]
* [[Template:US$]] — also redirects from [[Template:USD]]
* [[Template:Euro]]
* [[ISO 4217]] — list of currency codes
* [[Wikipedia:Manual of Style (dates and numbers)#Currencies]]

=== Core currencies ===

{| class="wikitable"
! Currency
! Result
! Markup
! Nowrap
! Usage
! Comment
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | USD
| {{US$|66 billion}}
| <nowiki>{{US$|66 billion}}</nowiki>
| {{yes|yes}}
| USD with words or digits
|
|-
| {{val|490000|p=US$}}
| <nowiki>{{val|490000|p=US$}}</nowiki>
| {{yes|yes}}
| USD with spaced digits
| {{code|p}}=prefix, cannot use {{code|l}} to link
|-
| {{currency|9.9 million|code=USD|linked=no}}
| <nowiki>{{currency|9.9 million|code=USD|linked=no}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | not needed
| USD with comma-separators
| note the unlinking
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | EUR
| €10{{nbsp}}billion
| <nowiki>€10{{nbsp}}billion</nowiki>
| align="center" | indirectly
| EUR with words or digits
| <nowiki>{{euro|44 billion}}</nowiki> can wrap but <nowiki>{{euro|44{{nbsp}}billion}}</nowiki> works
|-
| {{val|490000|p=€}}
| <nowiki>{{val|490000|p=€}}</nowiki>
| {{yes|yes}}
| EUR with spaced digits
| {{code|p}}=prefix, cannot use {{code|l}} to link
|-
| {{currency|9.9 million|code=euro|linked=no}}
| <nowiki>{{currency|9.9 million|code=euro|linked=no}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | not needed
| EUR with comma-separators
| note the unlinking
|-
| rowspan="3" align="center" | JPY
| {{JPY|39 million}}
| <nowiki>{{JPY|39 million}}</nowiki>
| {{yes|yes}}
| yen with words or digits
|
|-
| {{val|490000|p=¥}}
| <nowiki>{{val|490000|p=¥}}</nowiki>
| {{yes|yes}}
| yen with spaced digits
| {{code|p}}=prefix, cannot use {{code|l}} to link
|-
| {{currency|9.9 million|code=JPY|linked=no}}
| <nowiki>{{currency|9.9 million|code=JPY|linked=no}}</nowiki>
| align="center" | not needed
| yen with comma-separators
| note the unlinking
|}

=== Examples ===

* £{{formatprice|{{Inflation|UK|284000|1401|r=2}}}} — <nowiki>£{{formatprice|{{Inflation|UK|284000|1401|r=2}}}}</nowiki>
* ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|284000|1985|2008|r=2}}}} — <nowiki>${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|284000|1985|2008|r=2}}}}</nowiki>
* ${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|284000|1985|2001|r=-4}}}} — <nowiki>${{formatnum:{{Inflation|US|284000|1985|2001|r=-4}}}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{currency|1000|code=euro}} — <nowiki>{{currency|1000|code=euro}}</nowiki> ('''links''' the €)
* {{currency|1000|code=euro|linked=no}} — <nowiki>{{currency|1000|code=euro|linked=no}}</nowiki> (unlinks the €)
* {{currency|9.0 billion|code=gbp|linked=no}} — <nowiki>{{currency|9.0 billion|code=gbp|linked=no}}</nowiki> (unlinks the £)
* {{currency|9 billion|code=euro}} — <nowiki>{{currency|9 billion|code=euro}}</nowiki>
* {{currency|1000|code=JPY}} — <nowiki>{{currency|1000|code=JPY}}</nowiki> (useful for unusual currencies)
<br/>
* {{US$|66 billion}} — <nowiki>{{US$|66 billion}}</nowiki> (places construct in '''nowrap''' span)
* {{US$|100|1966}} — <nowiki>{{US$|100|1966}}</nowiki>
* {{US$|1000|1935|round=-2|about=yes}} — <nowiki>{{US$|1000|1935|round=-2|about=yes}}</nowiki>
* {{GBP|9.0 billion}} — <nowiki>{{GBP|9.0 billion}}</nowiki> (places construct in '''nowrap''' span)
* {{JPY|198 billion}} — <nowiki>{{JPY|198 billion}}</nowiki>
* {{euro|44 billion}} — <nowiki>{{euro|44 billion}}</nowiki> (does ''not'' use nowrap or nbsp) (also {{template|EUR}} is for the flag)
<br/>
* {{val|490000|p=€}} — <nowiki>{{val|490000|p=€}}</nowiki> (places construct in a '''nowrap''' span)
* {{val|490000|p=US$}} — <nowiki>{{val|490000|p=US$}}</nowiki> (places construct in a '''nowrap''' span)
* {{val|11|upl=acre|p=$}} — <nowiki>{{val|11|upl=acre|p=$}}</nowiki> (u=unit, p=per, l=link, p=prefix)
<br/>
* €10{{nbsp}}billion — <nowiki>€10{{nbsp}}billion</nowiki>

== List related ==

* [[Template:Flatlist]]
* [[Template:Hlist]]
* [[Template:Plainlist]]
* [[Template:Unbulleted list]]
* [[Template:Multi-column numbered list]]
<br/>
'''basic'''
* item — <nowiki>* item</nowiki>
** sub-item — <nowiki>** sub-item</nowiki>
<br/>
'''numbered'''
# item — <nowiki># item</nowiki>
# item — <nowiki># item</nowiki>
## sub-item — <nowiki>## sub-item</nowiki>
<br/>
'''dot'''
* layout: See also{{dot}} Notes{{dot}} References
— <nowiki>layout: See also{{dot}} Notes{{dot}} References</nowiki> (use as a last resort, can be used mid-sentence)
<br/>
<br/>
'''hlist'''
{{hlist|one|two|three}}
— <nowiki>{{hlist|one|two|three}}</nowiki>
{{hlist|class=nowrap|four|five|six}}
— <nowiki>{{hlist|class=nowrap|four|five|six}}</nowiki> (adds '''nowrap''' construct to the entire list)
<br/>
<br/>
'''flatlist'''
{{flatlist|
* Entry
* Entry}}
— <nowiki>{{flatlist|
* Entry
* Entry}}</nowiki> ('''linebreaks''' are required)
<br/>
<br/>
'''plainlist'''
{{plainlist|
* Entry
* Entry}}
— <nowiki>{{plainlist|
* Entry
* Entry}}</nowiki> ('''linebreaks''' are required, this markup is preferred to <nowiki><br/></nowiki>, particularly in infoboxes)
<br/>
<br/>
'''unbulleted list''' (useful in tables) (shortens to ubl)
{{unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow|item2_style=background-color:silver}}
— <nowiki>{{unbulleted list|Winner|Runner-up|Third place|item1_style=background-color:yellow|item2_style=background-color:silver}}</nowiki>
<br/>
<br/>
'''anchored list'''
{{anchored list|style="padding: 0.3em"
|{{anchor|1}} Text.
}} — <nowiki>{{anchored list|style="padding: 0.3em"
|{{anchor|1}} Text.
}}</nowiki>
<br/>
'''ordered list'''
{{ordered list|entry 1|entry 2}} — <nowiki>{{ordered list|entry 1|entry 2}}</nowiki>
<br/>
'''col markup''' (note that second item is on right of page)
{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* item
* item
{{colend}}
— <nowiki>{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}} * item * item {{colend}}</nowiki> ('''linebreaks''' are required)
<br/>
<br/>
'''semicolon/colon construct'''
;Bold: Text.
— ;Bold: Text.

=== See also markup ===

* this markup is better than one long flowed column interspersed with tags

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
'''Some topic'''

{{colbegin|colwidth=30em}}
* [[:Category:Energy policy by country]]
* ...
{{colend}}

...
</pre>

== Large graphics ==

* [[Template:todo]] — at top of article's talk page or own sandbox pages
* [[Template:in use]] — request a voluntary page lock
* [[Template:Stale]] — and related boxes for graffiti-ing discussions

=== Todo ===

{{todo}} — <nowiki>{{todo}}</nowiki>

=== Section information ===

{{confusing|section|date=July 2014}} — <nowiki>{{confusing|section|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{copy edit section|date=May 2016}} — <nowiki>{{copy edit section|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{expand section|proper text and additional citations|date=June 2016}} — <nowiki>{{expand section|proper text and additional citations|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{one source|section|date=June 2016}} — <nowiki>{{one source|section|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{split section|Proposed article|date=October 2016}} — <nowiki>{{split section|Proposed article|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{update section|date=August 2015}} — <nowiki>{{update section|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>

=== Article information ===

{{primary sources|date=March 2015}} — <nowiki>{{primary sources|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{page numbers needed|date=September 2010}} — <nowiki>{{page numbers needed|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{update|date=August 2015}} — <nowiki>{{update|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki> (this template detects the [[Wikipedia:Namespace|namespace]] and adjusts accordingly)
{{bareURL|date=June 2016}} — <nowiki>{{bareURL|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{missing information|the clear definition of the energy conversion efficiency for light sources|date=May 2012}} — <nowiki>{{missing information|the clear definition of the energy conversion efficiency for light sources|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{lacking ISBN|date=April 2015}} — <nowiki>{{lacking ISBN|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{citations broken|date=May 2016}} — <nowiki>{{citations broken|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{no footnotes|date=June 2011}} — <nowiki>{{no footnotes|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{more footnotes|date=June 2011}} — <nowiki>{{more footnotes|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{no references|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{no references|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{refimprove|date=July 2016}} — <nowiki>{{refimprove|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{split section |Title to which to split |discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#Split proposed |date=September 2016}} — <nowiki>{{split section |Title to which to split |discuss={{TALKPAGENAME}}#Split proposed |{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{cleanup-reorganize|date=February 2016}} — <nowiki>{{cleanup-reorganize|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{expert needed| energy economics| reason= There has been much poorly sourced, or unsourced material recently added to the article.|date=June 2016}} — <nowiki>{{expert needed| energy economics| reason= There has been much poorly sourced, or unsourced material recently added to the article.|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{uncategorized|date=January 2008}} — <nowiki>{{uncategorized|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{external links|date=January 2008}} — <nowiki>{{external links|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
{{confusing|reason=the furtlewangler is referred to in the plural but the diagram shows only one|date=October 2016}} — <nowiki>{{confusing|reason=the furtlewangler is referred to in the plural but the diagram shows only one|{{subst:DATE}}}}</nowiki>
<!-- multiple issues nested template -->
{{multiple issues|{{context|date=July 2015}} {{lead too short|date=July 2015}} {{technical|date=July 2015}} {{tone|date=July 2015}}}} — <nowiki>{{multiple issues|{{context|{{subst:DATE}}}} {{lead too short|{{subst:DATE}}}} {{technical|date=July 2015}} {{tone|{{subst:DATE}}}}}}</nowiki>

=== Miscellaneous ===

<div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div> Insert text here. — <nowiki><div class="floatleft" style="margin-bottom:0">[[File:Ambox warning orange.svg|48px|alt=|link=]]</div> Insert text here.</nowiki>
<br/>
[[File:Red question icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=]] Text. — <nowiki>[[File:Red question icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=]] Text.</nowiki>

== Small graphics ==

* [[Template:Done/See also]] ('''lots''' of small graphics)
<br/>
* {{WQA in progress}} — <nowiki>{{WQA in progress}}</nowiki> ('''read''' template documentation before use)
* {{AFC comment|1=This term does seem to be coming into use.}} — <nowiki>{{AFC comment|1=This term does seem to be coming into use.}}</nowiki>
* {{pass}} — <nowiki>{{pass}}</nowiki>
* {{fail}} — <nowiki>{{fail}}</nowiki>
* {{fixed}} — <nowiki>{{fixed}}</nowiki>
* {{done}} — <nowiki>{{done}}</nowiki>
* {{not done}} — <nowiki>{{not done}}</nowiki>
* {{partly done}} — <nowiki>{{partly done}}</nowiki>
* {{partly done|Custom message}} — <nowiki>{{partly done|Custom message}}</nowiki>
* {{doing}} — <nowiki>{{doing}}</nowiki>
* {{sent}} — <nowiki>{{sent}}</nowiki>
* {{aye}} — <nowiki>{{aye}}</nowiki>
* {{tick}} — <nowiki>{{tick}}</nowiki>
* {{nay}} — <nowiki>{{nay}}</nowiki>
* {{cross}} — <nowiki>{{cross}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{resolved}} — <nowiki>{{resolved}}</nowiki>
* [[File:Red information icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Not done for now'''. — <nowiki>[[File:Red information icon with gradient background.svg|20px|link=|alt=]] '''Not done for now'''.</nowiki>
<br/>
* {{arrow}} — <nowiki>{{arrow}}</nowiki>
* {{key press|Alt|P}} — <nowiki>{{key press|Alt|P}}</nowiki>
<br/>
* <span style="position:relative; top: -2px;">[[File:Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg|9px|link=Open access|open access publication - free to read]]</span> — <nowiki><span style="position:relative; top: -2px;">[[File:Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg|9px|link=Open access|open access publication - free to read]]</span></nowiki> (code from the <nowiki>{{open access}}</nowiki> template)

== Images ==

* [[Template:Gallery]]
* [[Help:Gallery tag]]

<br/>

[[File:Image.png | thumb | Placeholder image]]
* <nowiki>[[File:Image.png | thumb | Placeholder image]]</nowiki>
* <nowiki>[[File:Image.png | thumb | upright = 0.3 | left | Some caption]]</nowiki> (not invoked)

[[:File:Image.png]]
* <nowiki>[[:File:Image.png]]</nowiki> (cannot use additional arguments)

=== Galleries ===

* usage:
<nowiki><gallery mode="packed" style="text-align:right" heights="180"></nowiki><br>
{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}<nowiki>File:Luisa Neubauer at Fridays for Future strike 14 Feb 2025 a.jpg</nowiki><br>
{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}{{nbsp}}<nowiki>File:Luisa Neubauer at Fridays for Future strike 14 Feb 2025 b.jpg</nowiki><br>
<nowiki></gallery></nowiki>
* packed example: [[Hurricane Matthew#U.S. Photos]]

=== Deutsch ===

* <nowiki>[[Datei:xxx.jpg | mini | hochkant | Beschreibung]]</nowiki> (hochkant = upright)

{{clear}}

== Talk pages related ==

Any mention of a user on a page will result in a notification.  This is based on the transposed text and not on the template itself.  See:
* [[mw:Manual:Echo]] — rules for generating a user notification from a talk page or similar
<br/>
* [[Template:User]] — '''user'''
* [[Template:User link]] — '''u''' (works well)
* [[Template:Reply to]] — '''ping'''
* [[Template:Talk quotation]] — '''talk quote''' (for quoting on talk pages)
<br/>
* <nowiki>{{reflist-talk|2}}</nowiki> — two column variant
<br/>
* {{user|RobbieIanMorrison}} — <nowiki>{{user|RobbieIanMorrison}}</nowiki>
* {{u|RobbieIanMorrison}} — <nowiki>{{u|RobbieIanMorrison}}</nowiki> (in full {{template|user link}})
* {{ping|RobbieIanMorrison}} — <nowiki>{{ping|RobbieIanMorrison}}</nowiki> (add multiple users using pipes)
* {{talk quote|Quoted text.}} — <nowiki>{{talk quote|Quoted text.}}</nowiki>
* {{talk quote|italic=yes|Quoted text.}} — <nowiki>{{talk quote|italic=yes|Quoted text.}}</nowiki>
* {{tl|URL}} — <nowiki>{{tl|URL}}</nowiki> (template link)
* {{cl|Africa}} — <nowiki>{{cl|Africa}}</nowiki> (category link)
* {{para|name}} — <nowiki>{{para|name}}</nowiki>
* {{para|name|{{var|value}}}} — <nowiki>{{para|name|{{var|value}}}}</nowiki> (see {{template|para}} documentation for more information)
* {{tnull|name|parameter}} — <nowiki>{{tnull|name|parameter}</nowiki> (not wikilinked)
* {{kbd|ssh {{var|hostname}}}} — <nowiki>{{kbd|ssh {{var|hostname}}}}</nowiki> (keyboard input, adds <nowiki><kbd></nowiki> tags)
* {{samp|%}} — <nowiki>{{samp|%}}</nowiki> (sample output, adds <nowiki><samp></nowiki> tags)
<br/>
{{unindent}} — <nowiki>{{unindent}}</nowiki>

== FAQ related ==

{{FAQ row
|q=Q1: Why is there an empty {{para|publisher}}?
|a=A1: There isn't any reliable way to parse that field, and an empty one is intentionally left when {{para|work}} cannot be parsed. Please fill it in manually.
}}

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{FAQ row
|q=Q1: Why is there an empty {{para|publisher}}?
|a=A1: There isn't any reliable way to parse that field, and an empty one is intentionally left when {{para|work}} cannot be parsed. Please fill it in manually.
}}
</pre>

== Review related ==

* {{AFC comment|1=Some comment.}} — <nowiki>{{AFC comment|1=Some comment.}}</nowiki> (can use list markup too)

== Collapsing content ==

* normally not recommended in article space
* [[Help:Collapsing#Collapsing tables by default]]
* [[User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/table]]
* [[Template:Collapse]] — supplies {{template|collapse}}, see also {{template|collapse top}} and {{template|collapse bottom}}


{{collapse|float=none|width=30em|2=Optional custom heading|1=Discussion text to be put into box.}}

<nowiki>{{collapse|float=none|width=30em|2=Optional custom heading|1=Discussion text to be put into box.}}</nowiki>

== HTML markup ==

* <code><nowiki><br/></nowiki></code> automatically converted to <code><nowiki><br /></nowiki></code> by the MediaWiki software
* <code><nowiki><wbr></nowiki></code> means that the browser may insert a line break as it sees fit (see also zero-width space and soft hyphen HTML markup)
* <font color='#888888'>RGB coding for text</font> — <nowiki><font color='#888888'>RGB coding for text</font></nowiki> (see also {{template|grey}})
* <span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through">Typo to be corrected</span> — <nowiki><span style="color: red; text-decoration: line-through">Typo to be corrected</span></nowiki>
* <span style="color: seagreen">Quoted text</span> — <nowiki><span style="color: seagreen">Quoted text</span></nowiki>
* <s>strike out</s> — <nowiki><s>strike out</s></nowiki> (for content that is no longer accurate or relevant)
* <span style="white-space: nowrap">no wrap text</span> — <nowiki><span style="white-space: nowrap">no wrap text</span></nowiki>
* and <span style="background-color: khaki; padding-left: 0.3em; padding-right: 0.3em">highlight</span> me — <nowiki>and <span style="background-color: khaki; padding-left: 0.3em; padding-right: 0.3em">highlight</span> me</nowiki>
* and <span style="background-color: beige">&thinsp;highlight&thinsp;</span> me — <nowiki><span style="background-color: beige">&amp;thinsp;highlight&amp;thinsp;</span></nowiki>
* one <mark>two</mark> three — <nowiki>one <mark>two</mark> three</nowiki> (HTML 5)

=== Monospace font ===

* a work-around for broken specification
* note also <nowiki>{{mono}}</nowiki>
* <span style="font-family: monospace">default</span> — <nowiki><span style="font-family: monospace">default</span></nowiki> (default behavior)
* <span style="font-family: monospace, monospace">fixed</span> — <nowiki><span style="font-family: monospace, monospace">fixed</span></nowiki> (work-around) (font-size: 1em omitted)
* <tt>typewriter</tt> — <nowiki><tt>typewriter</tt></nowiki> (default behavior)
* <code>code</code> — <nowiki><code>code</code></nowiki> (default behavior)

=== Preformatted copy ===

* see also {{template|pre2}} and <nowiki>{{pre2|scroll|text}}</nowiki>
* the horizontal scrollbar does '''not''' work with the <nowiki><syntaxhighlight></nowiki> tag while the {{code|font-size}} property does

<pre style="font-size: 90%">Small preformatted example</pre>

<nowiki><pre style="font-size: 90%">Small preformatted example</pre></nowiki>

<pre style="font-size: 90%; overflow-x:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto">Wide preformatted example xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxx</pre>

<nowiki><pre style="font-size: 90%; overflow-x:auto; white-space:pre; width:auto">Wide preformatted example</pre></nowiki> (with horizontal scrollbar if lines are long)

=== Hanging references ===

* should normally use CSS classes

'''Paragraph style'''

* buggy in email

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<p style="padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; padding-right: 50%">Hanging reference.</p>
</pre>

<p style="padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; padding-right: 50%">Hanging reference.</p>

'''Division style'''

* works well

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<div style="padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; padding-right: 60%">
<p>First (0000). "Title title". <i>Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (10): 00–00. doi:<a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.123">10.1016/j.enpol.123</a>.</p>
<p>Second (0000). <i>Title title</i>. Location: Publisher. ISBN 978-0-19-851747-4.</p>
</div>
</pre>

<div style="padding-left: 3em; text-indent: -3em; padding-right: 60%">
<p>First (0000). "Title title". <i>Journal</i>. <b>10</b> (10): 00–00. doi:[https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.037 10.1016/j.enpol.2010.03.037].</p>
<p>Second (0000). <i>Title title</i>. Location: Publisher. ISBN <nowiki/> 978-0-19-851747-4.</p>
</div>

=== Definition lists ===

* the normal font-style span may not be necessary in some environments

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<dl>
<dt><span style="font-style: normal">Definition lists</span></dt>
<dd>
  <p>First paragraph.</p>
  <p>Next paragraph.</p>
</dd>
</dl>
</pre>

<dl>
<dt><span style="font-style: normal">Definition lists</span></dt>
<dd>
  <p>First paragraph.</p>
  <p>Next paragraph.</p>
</dd>
</dl>

=== HTML symbols ===

* [[mw:Help:Formatting#Inserting symbols]]

{| class="wikitable" align=center width=100%
! colspan=32 | HTML symbol entities
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;Aacute;">&Aacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;aacute;">&aacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Acirc;">&Acirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;acirc;">&acirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;acute;">&acute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;AElig;">&AElig;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;aelig;">&aelig;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Agrave;">&Agrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;agrave;">&agrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;alefsym;">&alefsym;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Alpha;">&Alpha;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;alpha;">&alpha;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;amp;">&amp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;and;">&and;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ang;">&ang;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Aring;">&Aring;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;aring;">&aring;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;asymp;">&asymp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Atilde;">&Atilde;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;atilde;">&atilde;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Auml;">&Auml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;auml;">&auml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;bdquo;">&bdquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Beta;">&Beta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;beta;">&beta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;brvbar;">&brvbar;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;bull;">&bull;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;cap;">&cap;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ccedil;">&Ccedil;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ccedil;">&ccedil;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;cedil;">&cedil;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;cent;">&cent;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;Chi;">&Chi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;chi;">&chi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;circ;">&circ;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;clubs;">&clubs;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;cong;">&cong;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;copy;">&copy;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;crarr;">&crarr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;cup;">&cup;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;curren;">&curren;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;dagger;">&dagger;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Dagger;">&Dagger;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;darr;">&darr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;dArr;">&dArr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;deg;">&deg;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Delta;">&Delta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;delta;">&delta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;diams;">&diams;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;divide;">&divide;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Eacute;">&Eacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;eacute;">&eacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ecirc;">&Ecirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ecirc;">&ecirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Egrave;">&Egrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;egrave;">&egrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;empty;">&empty;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;emsp;">&emsp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ensp;">&ensp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Epsilon;">&Epsilon;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;epsilon;">&epsilon;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;equiv;">&equiv;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Eta;">&Eta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;eta;">&eta;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;ETH;">&ETH;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;eth;">&eth;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Euml;">&Euml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;euml;">&euml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;euro;">&euro;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;exist;">&exist;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;fnof;">&fnof;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;forall;">&forall;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;frac12;">&frac12;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;frac14;">&frac14;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;frac34;">&frac34;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;frasl;">&frasl;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Gamma;">&Gamma;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;gamma;">&gamma;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ge;">&ge;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;gt;">&gt;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;harr;">&harr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;hArr;">&hArr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;hearts;">&hearts;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;hellip;">&hellip;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Iacute;">&Iacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;iacute;">&iacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Icirc;">&Icirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;icirc;">&icirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;iexcl;">&iexcl;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Igrave;">&Igrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;igrave;">&igrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;image;">&image;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;infin;">&infin;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;int;">&int;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Iota;">&Iota;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;iota;">&iota;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;iquest;">&iquest;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;isin;">&isin;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Iuml;">&Iuml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;iuml;">&iuml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Kappa;">&Kappa;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;kappa;">&kappa;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Lambda;">&Lambda;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lambda;">&lambda;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lang;">&lang;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;laquo;">&laquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;larr;">&larr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lArr;">&lArr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lceil;">&lceil;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ldquo;">&ldquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;le;">&le;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lfloor;">&lfloor;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lowast;">&lowast;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;loz;">&loz;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lrm;">&lrm;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lsaquo;">&lsaquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lsquo;">&lsquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;lt;">&lt;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;macr;">&macr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;mdash;">&mdash;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;micro;">&micro;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;middot;">&middot;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;minus;">&minus;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Mu;">&Mu;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;mu;">&mu;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;nabla;">&nabla;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;nbsp;">&nbsp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ndash;">&ndash;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;ne;">&ne;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ni;">&ni;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;not;">&not;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;notin;">&notin;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;nsub;">&nsub;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ntilde;">&Ntilde;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ntilde;">&ntilde;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Nu;">&Nu;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;nu;">&nu;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Oacute;">&Oacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;oacute;">&oacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ocirc;">&Ocirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ocirc;">&ocirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;OElig;">&OElig;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;oelig;">&oelig;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ograve;">&Ograve;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ograve;">&ograve;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;oline;">&oline;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Omega;">&Omega;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;omega;">&omega;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Omicron;">&Omicron;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;omicron;">&omicron;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;oplus;">&oplus;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;or;">&or;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ordf;">&ordf;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ordm;">&ordm;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Oslash;">&Oslash;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;oslash;">&oslash;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Otilde;">&Otilde;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;otilde;">&otilde;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;otimes;">&otimes;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ouml;">&Ouml;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;ouml;">&ouml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;para;">&para;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;part;">&part;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;permil;">&permil;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;perp;">&perp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Phi;">&Phi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;phi;">&phi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Pi;">&Pi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;pi;">&pi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;piv;">&piv;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;plusmn;">&plusmn;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;pound;">&pound;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;prime;">&prime;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Prime;">&Prime;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;prod;">&prod;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;prop;">&prop;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Psi;">&Psi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;psi;">&psi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;quot;">&quot;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;radic;">&radic;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rang;">&rang;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;raquo;">&raquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rarr;">&rarr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rArr;">&rArr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rceil;">&rceil;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rdquo;">&rdquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;real;">&real;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;reg;">&reg;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rfloor;">&rfloor;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Rho;">&Rho;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rho;">&rho;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rlm;">&rlm;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;rsaquo;">&rsaquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;rsquo;">&rsquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sbquo;">&sbquo;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Scaron;">&Scaron;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;scaron;">&scaron;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sdot;">&sdot;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sect;">&sect;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;shy;">&shy;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Sigma;">&Sigma;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sigma;">&sigma;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sigmaf;">&sigmaf;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sim;">&sim;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;spades;">&spades;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sub;">&sub;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sube;">&sube;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sum;">&sum;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sup;">&sup;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sup1;">&sup1;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sup2;">&sup2;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;sup3;">&sup3;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;supe;">&supe;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;szlig;">&szlig;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Tau;">&Tau;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;tau;">&tau;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;there4;">&there4;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Theta;">&Theta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;theta;">&theta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;thetasym;">&thetasym;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;thinsp;">&thinsp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;THORN;">&THORN;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;thorn;">&thorn;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;tilde;">&tilde;</span>
|- align=center
| '''<span title="&amp;times;">&times;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;trade;">&trade;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Uacute;">&Uacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;uacute;">&uacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;uarr;">&uarr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;uArr;">&uArr;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ucirc;">&Ucirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ucirc;">&ucirc;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Ugrave;">&Ugrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;ugrave;">&ugrave;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;uml;">&uml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;upsih;">&upsih;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Upsilon;">&Upsilon;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;upsilon;">&upsilon;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Uuml;">&Uuml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;uuml;">&uuml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;weierp;">&weierp;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Xi;">&Xi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;xi;">&xi;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Yacute;">&Yacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;yacute;">&yacute;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;yen;">&yen;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;yuml;">&yuml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Yuml;">&Yuml;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;Zeta;">&Zeta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;zeta;">&zeta;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;zwj;">&zwj;</span>
| '''<span title="&amp;zwnj;">&zwnj;</span>'''
|}

== CSS inline styles ==

* [http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/ CSS reference]

{| class="wikitable"
|+ CSS inline styles
|-
! Attribute
! Values
! Representative markup
! Example
! Note
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" | Color
|-
| color
| {{hlist|seagreen}}
| <nowiki><span style="color: seagreen"></nowiki>
| <span style="color: seagreen">seagreen</span>
|
|-
| background-color{{pad}}
| {{hlist|khaki|beige|gainsboro}}
| <nowiki><span style="background-color: gainsboro"></nowiki>
| <span style="background-color: gainsboro">gainsboro</span>
|
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" | Font
|-
| font-family
| {{hlist|monospace|sans-serif}}
| <nowiki><span style="font-family: sans-serif"></nowiki>
| <span style="font-family: sans-serif">sans-serif</span>
|
|-
| font-size
| {{hlist|small|medium|large|smaller|larger|''length''|''percentage''}}
| <nowiki><span style="font-size: 70%"></nowiki>
| <span style="font-size: 70%">small</span>
|
|-
| font-variant
| {{hlist|normal|small-caps}}
| <nowiki><span style="font-variant: small-caps"></nowiki>
| <span style="font-variant: small-caps">Small Caps</span>
|
|-
| font-weight
| {{hlist|normal|bold|bolder}}
| <nowiki><span style="font-weight: bold"></nowiki>
| <span style="font-weight: bold">bold</span>
| align="center" | 1
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" | Text
|-
| text-align
| {{hlist|left|right|center|justify}}
| <nowiki><span style="text-align: right"></nowiki>
| <span style="text-align: right">align right</span>
|
|-
| text-decoration
| {{hlist|none|underline|line-through}}
| <nowiki><span style = "text-decoration: underline"></nowiki>
| <span style = "text-decoration: underline">underline</span>
|
|-
| text-style
| {{hlist|normal|italic}}
| <nowiki><span style="text-style: italic"></nowiki>
| <span style="text-style: italic">italic</span>
|
|-
| text-transform
| {{hlist|none|capitalize|uppercase|lowercase{{pad}}}}
| <nowiki><span style="text-transform: uppercase"></nowiki>
| <span style="text-transform: uppercase">abcdef</span>
|
|-
! colspan="5" style="text-align: left" | Other
|-
| letter-spacing
| {{hlist|''length''|''percentage''}}
| <nowiki><div style="letter-spacing: 0.5em"></nowiki>
| <div style="letter-spacing: 0.5em">spaced</span>
|
|-
| word-spacing
| {{hlist|''length''|''percentage''}}
| <nowiki><div style="word-spacing: 0.7em"></nowiki>
| <div style="word-spacing: 0.7em">spaced out</span>
|
|-
| overflow
| {{hlist|visible|scroll|auto}}
| <nowiki><div style="overflow: auto"></nowiki>
| <div style="overflow: auto">overflow</span>
| align="center" | 2
|-
| white-space
| {{hlist|normal|nowrap|pre}}
| <nowiki><span style="white-space: nowrap"></nowiki>
| <span style="white-space: nowrap">no wrap</span>
|-
| width
| {{hlist|auto|''length''|''percentage''}}
| <nowiki><div style="width: 50%"></nowiki>
|
|
|}

# font-weight can be set to 1em
# see [[#Preformatted copy|here]] for details, does not work with {{code|<syntaxhighlight>}}
# common length units: {{nbsp}} px {{dot}} mm {{dot}} em

== Code template ==

* [[Template:Code]] — among other uses, shows emitted HTML for enclosed templates
<br/>
The underlying citation produces:
<br/>
<br/>
{{cite news
 | title = Some title
 | url = http://example.org
}}
<br/>
<br/>
The executed code produces:
<br/>
<br/>
{{code|
{{cite news
 | title = Some title
 | url = http://example.org
}}
}}

The above output is URL-decoded and reformatted for clarity:

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<cite class="citation news">
  [http://example.org "Some title"].
</cite>
<span
  title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004
    &rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox/markup
    &rft.atitle=Some+title
    &rft.genre=article
    &rft_id=http://example.org
    &rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal"
  class="Z3988">
  <span style="display:none;">&amp;nbsp;</span>
</span>
</pre>

The raw code is:

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{code|
{{cite news
 | title = Some title
 | url = http://example.org
}}
}}
</pre>

== Table of contents ==

*[[commons:Help:Magic words]]
<br/>
* <nowiki>__FORCETOC__</nowiki> — forces TOC to appear in its normal position
* <nowiki>__TOC__</nowiki> — forces TOC to appear where stated
* <nowiki>__NOTOC__</nowiki> — suppresses TOC

== Timestamps ==

Wikimedia Commons notes: Due to MediaWiki and browser caching, these (uppercase) variables frequently show when the page was ''cached'' rather than the current time.
<br/>
<br/>
'''Static''' (frozen on first save)

* 08:20, 30 September 2016 (UTC) — <nowiki>~~~~~</nowiki> (5 tildes)

'''Dynamic''' (may or may not '''update''' on page load or refresh, thus should be considered '''unreliable''' as a clock)

* {{now}} — <nowiki>{{now}}</nowiki>
* {{currentdate}} — <nowiki>{{currentdate}}</nowiki>

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto"
| '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC'''
|-
| {{small|This was the UTC time when this page was last refreshed by Wikipedia}}
|}

<pre>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin:0.5em auto"
| '''{{CURRENTDAYNAME}} {{CURRENTDAY}} {{CURRENTMONTHNAME}} {{CURRENTYEAR}} {{CURRENTTIME}} UTC'''
|-
| {{small|This was the UTC time when this page was last refreshed by Wikipedia}}
|}
</pre>

== URL encodings ==

* {{section link|Percent-encoding|Percent-encoding reserved characters}}
* {{section link|Percent-encoding|Character data}}
* {{code|unencode.py}} — my script, which also processes and tests google URLs
* [http://www.url-encode-decode.com/ URL encode/decode website 1]
* [http://www.asiteaboutnothing.net/c_decode-url.html URL encode/decode website 2]
<br/>
{| cellpadding="6px" border=1 style="border:1px solid #C0C0C0; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:white;"
|+ Reserved characters after percent-encoding
|-
| <code>[[exclamation mark|!]]</code> || <code>[[number sign|#]]</code> || <code>[[dollar sign|$]]</code> || <code>[[ampersand|&]]</code> || <code>[[apostrophe (mark)|']]</code> || <code>[[parenthesis|(]]</code> || <code>[[parenthesis|)]]</code> || <code>[[asterisk|<nowiki>*</nowiki>]]</code> || <code>[[plus sign|+]]</code> || <code>[[Comma|,]]</code> || <code>[[slash (punctuation)|/]]</code> || <code>[[colon (punctuation)|:]]</code> || <code>[[semicolon|;]]</code> || <code>[[equal sign|=]]</code> || <code>[[question mark|?]]</code> || <code>[[@]]</code> || <code>[[square_bracket|[]]</code> || <code>[[square_bracket|<nowiki>]</nowiki>]]</code>
|-
| <code>%21</code> || <code>%23</code> || <code>%24</code> || <code>%26</code> || <code>%27</code> || <code>%28</code> || <code>%29</code> || <code>%2A</code> || <code>%2B</code> || <code>%2C</code> || <code>%2F</code> || <code>%3A</code> || <code>%3B</code> || <code>%3D</code>|| <code>%3F</code> || <code>%40</code> || <code>%5B</code> || <code>%5D</code>
|}
<br/>
{| cellpadding="6px" border=1 style="border:1px solid #C0C0C0; border-collapse:collapse; background-color:white;"
|+ Common characters after percent-encoding (ASCII or UTF-8 based)
|-
| <code>[[newline]]</code> || <code>[[space (punctuation)|space]]</code> || <code>[[double quote|"]]</code> || <code>[[Percent sign|%]]</code> || <code>[[hyphen|-]]</code> || <code>[[full stop|.]]</code> || <code>[[angle bracket|<]]</code> || <code>[[angle bracket|>]]</code> || <code>[[back slash|\]]</code> || <code>[[caret|^]]</code> || <code>[[underscore|_]]</code> || <code>[[grave accent|`]]</code> || <code>[[curly bracket|{]]</code> || <code>[[vertical bar|<nowiki>|</nowiki>]]</code> || <code>[[curly bracket|}]]</code> || <code>[[tilde|~]]</code> 
|-
| <code>%0A</code> ''or'' <code>%0D</code> ''or'' <code>%0D%0A</code> || <code>%20</code> || <code>%22</code> || <code>%25</code> || <code>%2D</code> || <code>%2E</code> || <code>%3C</code> || <code>%3E</code> || <code>%5C</code> || <code>%5E</code> || <code>%5F</code> || <code>%60</code> || <code>%7B</code> || <code>%7C</code> || <code>%7D</code> || <code>%7E</code>
|}

== Markup hacks ==

* small vertical space: <nowiki>{{nbsp}}</nowiki>

== Infobox templates ==

* note use of <nowiki>{{plainlist}}</nowiki>

=== Infobox organization ===

* [[Template:Infobox organization]]

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{Infobox organization
| name                = <!-- defaults to {{PAGENAME}} if not provided -->
| native_name         = <!-- organization's name in its local language -->
| native_name_lang    = <!-- ISO code of the above language -->
| named_after         = 
| image               = 
| image_size          = 
| alt                 = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption             = 
| logo                = 
| logo_size           = 
| logo_alt            = 
| logo_caption        = 
| map                 = <!-- map image -->
| map_size            = <!-- defaults to 250px -->
| map_alt             = 
| map_caption         = 
| map2                = <!-- second map image, if required -->
| map2_size           = 
| map2_alt            = 
| map2_caption        = 
| abbreviation        = 
| motto               = 
| predecessor         = 
| merged              = <!-- any other organizations with which the organization was merged -->
| successor           = 
| formation           = <!-- or | established = --> <!--can use {{start date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| founder             = <!-- or | founders = -->
| founding_location   = 
| extinction          = <!-- or: | dissolved = --> <!--can use {{end date and age|df=yes|paren=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| merger              = <!-- other organizations (if any) merged to constitute the organization -->
| type                = <!-- can use [[Governmental organization]], [[Non-governmental organization|NGO]], etc -->
| status              = <!-- organization's legal status and/or description: company, charity, foundation, etc -->
| purpose             = <!-- or | focus = --> <!--Humanitarian, Activism, Peacekeeping, etc -->
| professional_title  = <!-- for professional associations -->
| headquarters        = 
| location            = 
| coords              = <!-- location's {{coord}}s -->
| region              = <!-- or | region_served = --> <!--any particular region or regions associated with or served by the organization -->
| services            = 
| membership          = <!-- usually the number of members -->
| membership_year     = <!-- year to which membership number/data apply -->
| language            = <!-- or | languages = --> <!--any official language or languages used by the organization -->
| sec_gen             = <!-- name of the organization's Secretary General (if post exists) -->
| leader_title        = <!-- defaults to "Leader" -->
| leader_name         = 
| leader_title2       = 
| leader_name2        = 
| leader_title3       = 
| leader_name3        = 
| leader_title4       = 
| leader_name4        = 
| board_of_directors  = 
| key_people          = 
| main_organ          = <!-- or | publication = --> <!-- organization's principal body (assembly, committee, board, etc) or publication -->
| parent_organization = <!-- or | parent_organisation = -->
| subsidiaries        = 
| secessions          = 
| affiliations        = 
| budget              = 
| budget_year         = 
| staff               = <!-- numbers and/or types of staff -->
| staff_year          = <!-- year to which staff numbers/data apply -->
| volunteers          = <!-- numbers and/or types of volunteers -->
| volunteers_year     = <!-- year to which volunteer numbers/data apply -->
| slogan              = <!-- in quote marks/inverted commas -->
| website             = <!-- {{url|example.com}} -->
| remarks             = 
| formerly            = <!-- any former names by which the organization known -->
| footnotes           = 
}}
</pre>

=== Infobox person ===

* [[Template:Infobox person]]
* see [[Template:Infobox economist]]
* see [[#Infobox scientist|Infobox scientist]]

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{Infobox person
| honorific_prefix   = 
| name               = <!-- include middle initial, if not specified in birth_name -->
| honorific_suffix   = 
| image              = <!-- filename only and no "File:" or "Image:" prefix and no enclosing [[brackets]] -->
| image_upright      = 
| image_size         = <!-- DISCOURAGED per [[WP:IMGSIZE]], use image_upright -->
| alt                = 
| caption            = 
| native_name        = 
| native_name_lang   = 
| pronunciation      = 
| birth_name         = <!-- only use if different from name above -->
| birth_date         = <!-- {{birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} for living people supply only the year unless the exact date is already widely published, as per [[WP:DOB]] / for people who have died, use {{birth date|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_place        = 
| baptised           = <!-- will not display if birth_date is entered -->
| disappeared_date   = <!-- {{disappeared date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} disappeared date then birth date -->
| disappeared_place  = 
| disappeared_status = 
| death_date         = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date then birth date -->
| death_place        = 
| death_cause        = 
| body_discovered    = 
| resting_place      = 
| resting_place_coordinates =  <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| burial_place       = <!-- may be used instead of resting_place and resting_place_coordinates, displays "Burial place" as label -->
| burial_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline}} -->
| monuments          = 
| residence          = 
| nationality        = 
| other_names        = 
| ethnicity          = 
| citizenship        = 
| education          = 
| alma_mater         = 
| occupation         = 
| years_active       = 
| era                = 
| employer           = 
| organization       = 
| agent              = <!-- discouraged in most cases, specifically when promotional, and requiring a reliable source -->
| known_for          = 
| notable_works      = <!-- produces label "Notable work", may be overridden by |credits= which produces label "Notable credit(s)", or by |works= which produces label "Works" -->
| style              = 
| home_town          = 
| salary             = 
| net_worth          = <!-- net worth should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| height             = <!-- "X cm", "X m"  or "X ft Y in" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| weight             = <!-- "X kg", "X lb" or "X st Y lb" plus optional reference (conversions are automatic) -->
| television         = 
| title              = 
| term               = 
| predecessor        = 
| successor          = 
| party              = 
| movement           = 
| opponents          = 
| boards             = 
| religion           = <!-- religion should be supported with a citation from a reliable source, do not add a religious denomination here -->
| denomination       = <!-- denomination should be supported with a citation from a reliable source -->
| criminal_charge    = <!-- criminality parameters should be supported with citations from reliable sources -->
| criminal_penalty   = 
| criminal_status    = 
| spouse             = <!-- use article title or common name -->
| partner            = <!-- unmarried long-term partner -->
| children           = 
| parents            = <!-- overrides mother and father parameters -->
| mother             = <!-- may be used (optionally with father parameter) in place of parents parameter, displays "Parent(s)" as label -->
| father             = <!-- may be used (optionally with mother parameter) in place of parents parameter, displays "Parent(s)" as label -->
| relatives          = 
| family             = 
| callsign           = 
| awards             = 
| website            = <!-- {{url|example.com}} -->
| module             = 
| module2            = 
| module3            = 
| module4            = 
| module5            = 
| module6            = 
| signature          = 
| signature_size     = 
| signature_alt      = 
| footnotes          = 
}}
</pre>

=== Infobox scientist ===

* [[Template:Infobox scientist]]

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{Infobox scientist
| honorific_prefix          = 
| name                      = 
| honorific_suffix          = 
| native_name               = 
| native_name_lang          = 
| image                     = <!-- filename only and without "File:" prefix -->
| image_size                = 
| alt                       = <!-- see [[WP:ALT]] -->
| caption                   = 
| birth_date                = <!-- {{birth date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| birth_place               = 
| death_date                = <!-- {{death date and age|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD|YYYY|MM|DD}} death date then birth date -->
| death_place               = 
| death_cause               = 
| resting_place             = 
| resting_place_coordinates = <!-- {{coord|LAT|LONG|type:landmark|display=inline,title}} -->
| other_names               = 
| residence                 = 
| citizenship               = 
| nationality               = 
| fields                    = 
| workplaces                = 
| patrons                   = 
| education                 = 
| alma_mater                = 
| thesis_title              = <!-- or | thesis1_title = and | thesis2_title = -->
| thesis_url                = <!-- or | thesis1_url = and | thesis2_url = -->
| thesis_year               = <!-- or | thesis1_year = and | thesis2_year = -->
| doctoral_advisor          = <!-- or | doctoral_advisors = -->
| academic_advisors         = 
| doctoral_students         = 
| notable_students          = 
| known_for                 = {{plainlist|
* To fix
}}
| influences                = 
| influenced                = 
| awards                    = 
| author_abbrev_bot         = 
| author_abbrev_zoo         = 
| spouse                    = <!-- or | spouses = -->
| partner                   = <!-- or | partners = -->
| children                  = 
| signature                 = <!-- filename only -->
| signature_alt             = 
| website                   = <!-- {{url|www.example.com}} -->
| footnotes                 = 
}}
</pre>

=== Infobox software ===

* [[Template:Infobox software]]

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{infobox software
| name                   = 
| logo                   = <!-- image name is sufficient -->
| logo alt               = 
| logo caption           = 
| screenshot             = <!-- image name is sufficient -->
| screenshot alt         = 
| caption                = 
| collapsible            = <!-- any text here will collapse the screenshot -->
| author                 = 
| developer              = 
| released               = <!-- {{release date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| discontinued           = <!-- set to yes if software is discontinued, otherwise omit -->
| ver layout             = <!-- simple (default) or stacked -->
| latest release version =
| latest release date    = <!-- {{release date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date    = <!-- {{release date|df=yes|YYYY|MM|DD}} -->
| status                 = 
| programming language   = 
| operating system       = 
| platform               = 
| size                   = 
| language               = 
| language count         = <!-- number only -->
| language footnote      = 
| genre                  = 
| license                = 
| alexa                  = 
| website                = <!-- {{url|example.org}} -->
| repo                   = <!-- {{url|example.org}} -->
| standard               = 
| AsOf                   = 
}}
</pre>

== Cite templates ==

* [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]]
* general fields and special values

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
 | date = c. 2000                <!-- circa -->
 | date = n.d.                   <!-- undated -->
 | display-authors = etal
 | url-access = subscription
 | language = German, English    <!-- dual language -->
 | df = dmy                      <!-- set publication dates to day month year format: access- and archive-dates are not modified -->
 | df = dmy-all                  <!-- set publication, access-, and archive-dates to day month year format -->
</pre>

=== Cite book ===

* [[Template:Cite book]]
* common fields only

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite book
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | display-authors = <!-- etal -->
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | edition =         <!-- 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th -->
 | date = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | format =          <!-- DOC, DOCX, XLS, XLSX -->
 | asin = 
 | bibcode = 
 | doi = 
 | isbn = 
 | url = 
 | dead-url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite chapter ===

* [[Template:Cite book]]
* common fields only

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite book
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | display-authors = <!-- etal -->
 | editor-last1 =  | editor-first1 = 
 | editor-link1 = 
 | display-editors = <!-- etal -->
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | date = 
 | chapter =         <!-- Chapter 0: Title -->
 | pages =           <!-- only for chapters -->
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | asin = 
 | bibcode = 
 | doi = 
 | isbn = 
 | url = 
 | chapter-url = 
 | dead-url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite conference ===

* [[Template:Cite conference]]
* all fields

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite conference
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | conference = 
 | conference-url = 
 | editor = 
 | others = 
 | volume = 
 | edition = 
 | book-title = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | pages = 
 | archive-url = 
 | archive-date = 
 | format = 
 | id = 
 | isbn = 
 | bibcode = 
 | oclc = 
 | doi = 
 | quote = 
 | ref = 
 | postscript = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | at = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite journal ===

* [[Template:Cite journal]]
* common fields only

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite journal
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | author-link1 = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | journal = 
 | publisher =       <!-- not often used -->
 | volume = 
 | issue = 
 | pages = 
 | bibcode = 
 | arxiv = 
 | doi = 
 | issn = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite arXiv ===

* [[Template:Cite arXiv]]
* arXiv preprint repository
* common fields only
* {{code|arxiv}} and {{code|eprint}} are synonyms

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite arxiv
 | last1 =  | first1 = 
 | title = 
 | date =            <!-- use n.d. for no date and c. for inexact date -->
 | arxiv =           <!-- arXiv identifier which may include version number / 0000.0000[v0] -->
 | class =           <!-- optional post-2017 arXiv classification like 'hep-th' or field.subfield -->
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite news ===

* [[Template:Cite news]]
* simplified for web-based news

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite news
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | work = 
 | location = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite web ===

* [[Template:Cite web]]
* simplified form

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite web
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | work = 
 | publisher =       <!-- if differs from website -->
 | location = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite AV media ===

* [[Template:Cite av media]]
* simplified form

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite AV media
 | last =  | first =    <!-- nonstandard field -->
 | people = 
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = 
 | date = 
 | orig-year =          <!-- first published 0000 -->
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | type =               <!-- motion picture, television production, videotape, DVD, trailer, video game, CD, radio broadcast, podcast -->
 | format =             <!-- MP4, MKS -->
 | time =               <!-- time the event occurs in the source, preceded by default text "Event occurs at time" -->
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite press release ===

* [[Template:Cite press release]]
* two variants
* {{code|agency}}: the news agency (wire service) that provided the content: [[Associated Press]] (AP), [[Reuters]], [[Agence France-Presse]] (AFP), [[Deutsche Presse-Agentur]] (dpa)

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite press release
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | agency = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite press release
 | author =          <!-- staff writer, no by-line -->
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | publisher = 
 | location = 
 | agency = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite thesis ===

* [[Template:Cite thesis]]
* common fields only

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite thesis
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | trans-title = 
 | language = German
 | type =            <!-- PhD, MSc, default is Thesis -->
 | date = 
 | chapter = 
 | publisher =       <!-- publishing house, else university name -->
 | location = 
 | doi = 
 | oclc = 
 | isbn = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite newsgroup ===

* [[Template:Cite newsgroup]]
* common fields only

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite newsgroup
 | first =  | last = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | newsgroup = 
 | message-id =      <!-- from email header, omit < and > and must contain an @ -->
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite mailing list ===

* [[Template:Cite mailing list]]
* common fields only

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite mailing list
 | last =  | first = 
 | title = 
 | date = 
 | mailing-list = 
 | url = 
 | access-date = 
 | quote = 
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Cite court ===

* [[Template:Cite court]]
* see also [[Template:Cite German law]]
* see also [[Template:Cite legislation UK]]

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
<ref name="">
{{cite court
 | litigants =
 | vol =
 | reporter =
 | opinion =
 | pinpoint =
 | court =
 | date =
 | url =
 | access-date =
 | quote =
}}
</ref>
</pre>

=== Buch ===

* [[:de:Vorlage:Literatur]]
* book
* Kurzversion

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{Literatur | Autor = | Titel = | Auflage = | Verlag = | Ort = | Jahr = | ISBN = }}
</pre>

=== Zeitschriftenaufsatz ===

* [[:de:Vorlage:Literatur]]
* journal article
* Kurzversion

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
{{Literatur | Autor = | Titel = | Sammelwerk = | Band = | Nummer = | Jahr = | Seiten = | DOI = }}
</pre>

== Article requests ==

* [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Resource Exchange/Resource Request]] — requests for access to paywalled journals
* [[User:RobbieIanMorrison/sandbox#Open queries]]

<pre style="font-size: 90%">
Article request from ''Journal'' — a Publisher journal

Item being requested:

* {{cite journal
...
}}

The following articles are being improved:

* [[Energy modeling]]
* [[Draft:Open energy system models]]

Many thanks in advance.  ~~~~
</pre>