View source for Slade Cutter

{{short description|American football player and Naval commander}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Infobox CFL biography 
  |name             = Slade Cutter
  |image            = Slade Cutter football.gif
  |caption          = Cutter wins 1934 Army-Navy Game
  |birth_date       = November 1, 1911
  |birth_place      = [[Chicago|Chicago, Illinois]], U.S.
  |death_date       = {{death date and age|2005|06|09|1911|11|01}}
  |death_place      = [[Annapolis, Maryland]], U.S.
  |Position         = [[Tackle (American football)|Tackle]]
  |number           = 15
  |College          = [[United States Naval Academy|Navy]]
  |high_school      = East High School, Aurora, IL<br/>Severn Prep, Annapolis, MD
  |Height_ft        = 6
  |Height_in        = 1
  |Weight_lbs       = 215
|career_highlights =
* First-team [[College Football All-America Team|All-American]] ([[1934 College Football All-America Team|1934]])
  |Awards           = 
  |Honors           =
  |DatabaseFootball = 
  |years            = 
  |teams            = 
  |CollegeHOF       = 1503
  |CollegeHOFYear   = 1967
  |HOF              = 
|module=
{{Infobox military person|embed=yes
|name= Slade Deville Cutter
|image=Navycross.jpg
|image_size=80
|birth_date= 
|death_date= 
|birth_place= 
|death_place= 
|allegiance= {{flagicon|United States}} [[United States]]
|branch= [[File:Seal of the United States Department of the Navy (alternate).svg|23px]] [[United States Navy]]
|serviceyears= 1935–1965
|rank= [[File:US-O6 insignia.svg|23px]] [[Captain (United States O-6)|Captain]]
|commands={{USS|Seahorse|SS-304}}<br/>{{USS|Requin|SS-481}}<br/>Submarine Division 32<br/>[[Submarine Squadron 6]]<br/>{{USS|Neosho|AO-143}}<br/>{{USS|Northampton|CLC-1}} 
|battles=[[World War II]]
*[[Pacific War#Submarine warfare|U.S. submarine campaign against the Japanese Empire]]
|awards= [[Navy Cross (United States)|Navy Cross]] (4)<br />[[Silver Star]] (2)<br />[[Bronze Star Medal]]<br />[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Presidential Unit Citation]]
}}}}

'''Slade Deville Cutter''' (November 1, 1911 &ndash; June 9, 2005) was a career U.S. naval officer who was awarded four [[Navy Cross (United States)|Navy Cross]]es and tied for second place for Japanese ships sunk in [[World War II]].  He graduated from the [[United States Naval Academy]] as an [[All-American]] [[American football]] player.

==Naval Academy and early naval career==
[[File:Slade D. Cutter (1).jpg|thumb|150px|left|At Annapolis in 1935]]
Cutter was born in [[Chicago]] and raised in [[Oswego, Illinois]]. Originally intending to become a professional flutist, he instead went to [[Severn School]], at the time a prep school for aspiring Naval Academy applicants, and was noticed in their athletic program. Not only a football star, Cutter was an intercollegiate boxing champion.<ref name=CutterObit>{{citation
 | title = Capt. Slade Cutter, Naval Athlete and Submariner, Dies
 | first =Adam 
 | last = Bernstein
 | journal = Washington Post 
 | date = 13 June 2005
 | page = B04
 | url = https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/06/12/AR2005061201503.html
 | access-date=26 July 2023
}}</ref> "An all-American football player, he achieved instant fame as a first classman when he won the 1934 Army-Navy game with a first-quarter field goal.

On the basis of his Academy football career, he was later inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Cutter graduated in 1935, served on the battleship {{USS|Idaho|BB-42}}, where he coached another winning football team."<ref name=Navy-Cutter>{{citation
 | url = http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_9/submarine_hero.html
 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061123193244/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_9/submarine_hero.html
 | url-status = dead
 | archive-date = November 23, 2006
 | title = Submarine Heroes: Slade Deville Cutter
 | first = Edward C. | last = Whitman}}</ref>

==Submarine duty==
He entered Submarine School in June 1938. By the [[Attack on Pearl Harbor]], he had advanced to [[executive officer]].<ref name=Navy-Cutter />

===First wartime assignment===
Cutter was Executive Officer of {{USS|Pompano|SS-181}} under LCDR Lew Parks when she left Pearl Harbor on her first war patrol on 18 December 1941, just 11 days after the Japanese attack. Only two days out of Pearl Harbor, ''Pompano'' was sighted by a U.S. patrol plane, which attacked, and called in dive bombers from the nearby {{USS|Enterprise|CV-6}}. Three additional near-misses ruptured ''Pompano''{{'}}s fuel tanks and left her trailing an oil slick. Parks shook off his pursuers and pressed on to confirm the presence of Japanese troops on Wake Island. ''Pompano'' then continued to the Marshall Islands, where she found a 16,000-ton Japanese transport at Wotje, which was attacked with four torpedoes.<!--confirmed by JANAC?--> Parks remained off Wotje for five more days and eventually attacked a destroyer, but his first two torpedoes detonated early.<ref name=Navy-Cutter />

After an inevitable depth-charge attack and with fuel draining relentlessly from the oil leak, ''Pompano'' returned to home base on 31 January 1942. Unfortunately, postwar analysis credited Parks with no more than possible damage to the Wotje transport.

Cutter made two more war patrols as Executive Officer of ''Pompano'', operating in the vicinity of Okinawa and Honshū, respectively. The boat narrowly escaped destruction on 9 August 1942, when a Japanese depth charge unseated an engine exhaust valve, causing major flooding and driving her into the bottom near the Japanese coast. Fortunately, the crew managed to surface the boat and creep away.

===USS ''Seahorse''===
After the third patrol on ''Pompano'',  Cutter was assigned as Executive Officer in {{USS|Seahorse|SS-304}}, then under construction. Initially commanded by CDR Don McGregor, ''Seahorse'' took a shakedown cruise, and reached the Pacific in summer 1943.<ref name=Navy-Cutter />

''Seahorse''{{'}}s first war patrol began on 3 August 1943. After the boat returned, [[Vice Admiral]] [[Charles A. Lockwood]] (Commander, Submarines, Pacific Fleet, [[COMSUBPAC#Officers Serving as COMSUBPAC|<small>COMSUBPAC</small>]]) relieved McGregor for not being aggressive enough. Cutter was named Commanding Officer of ''Seahorse'' in October 1943.

Cutter took his new charge out of Pearl Harbor on 20 October for her second war patrol and his first as Commanding Officer. Heading for the East China Sea, he drew first blood on the 29th, 30th, and 31st, when ''Seahorse'' sank three trawlers with gunfire south of Japan." Subsequently, ''Seahorse'', working with {{USS|Trigger|SS-237}}, coincidentally assigned to the same area, attacked a large convoy detected by {{USS|Halibut|SS-232}} the day before. Surprised by the sudden evidence of ''Trigger''{{'}}s torpedoes, Cutter shot nine of his own and sank two freighters. Entering the East China Sea and bearing for the Korea Strait, Cutter sank two more ships, then returned to Pearl Harbor on 12 December. For this patrol, he claimed four ships (totalling 19,570 tons) sunk, not counting the trawlers.<!--how many confirmed by JANAC?--> The patrol earned him his first Navy Cross.

His next patrol left Pearl Harbor on 6 January 1944, headed for a patrol area near the [[Palau Islands]], near the [[Philippines]]. En route, he sank an escorted freighter. Arriving in the patrol area, he received a message from [[Station Hypo|<small>HYPO</small>]], alerting him to a convoy of two freighters and three escorts, which he located visually on 21 January. He sank both freighters. <!--confirmed by JANAC?-->

''Seahorse'' then moved to Palau and on 28 January, Cutter discovered three freighters emerging from the harbor under heavy escort. He tracked the convoy for 32 hours waiting for an opening and at 0200 on the 30th was finally able to put three torpedoes into ''Toku Maru'' (2,747 tons). One of these blew the stern off, and she went down directly, taking over 450 troops with her. Harassed by the escorts and accompanying aircraft, Cutter nonetheless kept ''Seahorse'' in trail of the remaining Japanese for another 48 hours and attempted another attack just after midnight on 1 February. Eight torpedoes missed. Under heavy pressure from an escort, he shot two last torpedoes from his stern tubes just before going deep. Amid the ensuing depth charge attack, Cutter's men heard both torpedoes hit and the now-familiar sound of exploding gasoline drums. Indeed, it was later confirmed that they had sunk the Japanese steamer ''Toei Maru'' (4,004 tons). After this 80-hour chase – nearly a record, ''Seahorse'' returned to Pearl Harbor on 16 February with another five ships and 13,716 tons to her credit.<!--confirmed by JANAC?--> The patrol earned Cutter a second Navy Cross.

''Seahorse''{{'}}s fourth war patrol took her to the Mariana Islands, specifically to prevent the Japanese from reinforcing Guam and Saipan. She departed Pearl Harbor on 16 March 1944, and near Guam on 8 April came across a Japanese supply convoy, damaging two vessels that subsequently sank.{{citation needed|date=October 2015|reason=confirmed by JANAC?}} ''Seahorse'' moved on, and the very next day found a 15-20 ship convoy that had already been attacked by '' Trigger'' as it neared Saipan, sinking another cargo ship.

On lifeguard (aircrew rescue) duty in support of carrier air strikes on Saipan, ''Seahorse'' next sighted and sank the Japanese submarine ''I-174'', one of the few submarine attacks on another submarine in World War Two. A week later, ''Seahorse'' found another convoy 45 miles{{clarify|date=October 2015|nm or sm?}} west of Saipan and sank another freighter, refueling in New Guinea returning to [[Brisbane]], [[Australia]], on the 11th. The patrol earned Cutter a third Navy Cross.

Accompanying the U.S. invasion of the Marianas in mid-June 1944, Lockwood sent more than a dozen submarines westward to interdict possible Japanese reinforcements. ''Seahorse'' departed Brisbane on 3 June for her fifth war patrol and took station with {{USS|Growler|SS-215|2}} in the Surigao Strait between Mindanao and Leyte 13 June. ''Seahorse''{{'s}} greatest contribution to the [[Battle of the Philippine Sea]] was locating a Japanese battle group centered around the Japanese battleships [[Japanese battleship Yamato|''Yamato'']] and [[Japanese battleship Musashi|''Musashi'']]. In 1997, Cutter told a reporter the task force was too distant to catch, but he sent a routine contact report.<ref name=CutterObit />

After the battle, ''Seahorse'' joined a [[wolfpack (naval tactic)|wolfpack]] in the [[Luzon Strait]], and sank five more ships. Cutter was awarded a fourth Navy Cross for the patrol.

===Assigned to new construction===
After ''Seahorse''{{'}}s fourth patrol and a rest leave, Cutter was assigned as Commanding Officer of the new-construction {{USS|Requin|SS-481}}. His wife, Fran, sponsored the ship when she commissioned on 28 April 1945. ''Requin'' left Portsmouth for the Pacific theater in early June and arrived at Pearl Harbor at the end of July, but the war ended shortly after she departed on her first war patrol.

[[File:Slade Cutter in Torpedo Room.gif|thumb|Cutter in an informal torpedo room chat]]

==World War II summary==
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|+'''Summary of CDR Slade D. Cutter's {{USS|Seahorse|SS-304}} War Patrols'''
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|&nbsp;
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Departing From
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Date
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Days
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Wartime Credit<br />Ships/Tonnage
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|[[JANAC]]<ref>[[Joint Army-Navy Assessment Committee]].  Blair rounded entries in his tables (see Blair p. 900, bottom) while Roscoe's tables are an accurate transcription of the JANAC report.</ref> Credit<br/>Ships/Tonnage
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Patrol Area
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;"|Seahorse-2
| align=left|Pearl Harbor, TH
| align=center|October 1943
| align=center|53
| align=center|6 / 48,700<ref>Blair (1975) p. 939</ref>
| align=center|5 / 27,579<ref name=roscoe>Roscoe (1949) p. 552</ref>
| align=left|East China Sea
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;"|Seahorse-3
| align=left|Pearl Harbor, TH
| align=center|January 1944
| align=center|41
| align=center|5 / 30,900<ref>Blair (1975) p. 942</ref>
| align=center|5 / 13,716<ref name=roscoe /><!--Blair puts it at 20,900. Mistake on his part?-->
| align=left|Palau
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;"|Seahorse-4
| align=left|Pearl Harbor, TH
| align=center|March 1944
| align=center|56
| align=center|4 / 25,700<ref>Blair (1975) p. 944</ref>
| align=center|5 / 19,375<ref name=roscoe />
| align=left|-->Brisbane
|-
! scope="row" style="background:#efefef;"|Seahorse-5
| align=left|Brisbane, Australia
| align=center|June 1944
| align=center|47
| align=center|6 / 37,000<ref>Blair (1975) p. 949</ref>
| align=center|4 / 11,059<ref name=roscoe />
| align=left|-->Pearl Harbor
|}
<br />&nbsp;<br />
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|+'''CDR Cutter's Ranking Compared with Other Top Skippers'''
|-
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Ranking
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Number of Patrols
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Ships/Tons<br />Credited
! scope="col" style="background:#efefef;"|Ships/Tons<br />[[JANAC]]
|-
| align=center|2
| align=center|4
| align=center|21 / 142,300<ref>Blair (1975) pp. 984-987</ref>
| align=center|19 / 71,729<ref name=roscoe />
|}
<br />&nbsp;

===Command style===
His biographer, Carl Lavo,<ref name=Lavo>{{citation
 | title = Slade Cutter: Submarine Warrior 
 | first = Carl | last = Lavo
 | publisher = U.S. Naval Institute
 | year = 2005}}</ref> described Cutter as having an abrasive style with superior officers, which may well have cost him selection for promotion to [[rear admiral]]. Especially controversial was his effective challenge to Adm. [[Hyman Rickover]], claiming the first nuclear submarine, {{USS|Nautilus|SSN-571}}, was "strictly a test vehicle. I doubt if she will ever fire a shot in anger."<ref name=Time>{{citation
 | title = Full Speed Astern
 | date = 18 January 1954
 | journal = Time Magazine
 | url = http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,819393,00.html| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20101116175535/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,819393,00.html| url-status = dead| archive-date = November 16, 2010}}</ref>

==Postwar naval service==
Postwar, Cutter commanded Submarine Division 32.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://archive.org/details/sim_armed-forces-journal_1954-05-22_91_38/page/1169/mode/1up |title=Cdr. Cutter Leaves Wash.; Goes to Staff Sub Force |date=22 May 1954 |volume=91 |issue=38 |page=1169 |newspaper=Army Navy Air Force Journal |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> He attained the rank of captain in July 1954<ref>{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=MUC1m8V27okC&pg=PA17 |title=Register of Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United States Navy and Marine Corps and Reserve Officers on Active Duty |date=1 January 1958 |page=17 |publisher=Bureau of Naval Personnel |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref> and subsequently commanded [[Submarine Squadron 6]],<ref name=tribute/> the oiler {{USS|Neosho|AO-143}} and the command cruiser {{USS|Northampton|CC-1}} while she was flagship of the [[United States Second Fleet]].  The Northampton was designated as the National Emergency Command Post (Afloat) (NECPA) during this time.

Cutter was named athletic director at the Naval Academy in the late 1950s, in an effort to encourage popular football coach [[Eddie Erdelatz]] to resign. Lavo said Erdelatz was running a "professional-style football program" but too few players were opting to remain in the Navy after graduation because of his reputed disparaging of the service. Capt. Cutter's knowledge of the sports program and his feeling Erdelatz was "disloyal to the Navy" led to Erdelatz's departure. Much of the task was helped by Capt. Cutter's stature as an athletic and wartime hero."<ref name=CutterObit /> His final active-duty assignment, in 1965, was as head of the Naval Historical Display Center in Washington.

==Retirement and death==
Cutter retired from active duty in 1965 and was elected to the [[College Football Hall of Fame]] in 1967. He later became headmaster of a boys' school in Tucson, where he moved to care for his first wife's asthma condition. Frances Leffler Cutter died in 1981.  After her death, he moved back to Annapolis. In 1982, he married Ruth McCracken Buek.

Cutter died June 9, 2005, at Ginger Cove retirement community in Annapolis at age 93. He had Parkinson's disease. Survivors include his wife of 23 years, Ruth McCracken Buek Cutter of Annapolis; two children from the first marriage, Slade D. Cutter Jr. of Austin and Anne McCarthy of Santa Fe, N.M.; three stepchildren, Scott Buek of Delran, N.J., Harvey Buek of Conshohocken, Pa., and Pamela Sullivan of Sparks, Nev.; a sister; nine grandchildren; and five great-grandchildren. Cutter was interred at the [[United States Naval Academy Cemetery]].<ref name=tribute>{{cite web |url=http://veterantributes.org/TributeDetail.php?recordID=1792 |title=Slade D. Cutter |publisher=Veteran Tributes |access-date=26 July 2023}}</ref>

==Memorials==
A 40-acre athletic field in Hampton Roads, Virginia was dedicated as the ''Captain Slade Cutter Athletic Park'' on 14 October 2011. Ruth Cutter (widow) was in attendance to hear the dedication remarks:  "They say the name makes a man&mdash;and what a name. Slade Cutter&mdash;he was destined for greatness."<ref>Vice Admiral John Richardson, USN, quoted in ''Naval History News''</ref>

==Awards and decorations==

{| style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|colspan="4"|{{Ribbon devices|number=3|type=award-star|ribbon=Navy Cross ribbon.svg|width=106}}{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=award-star|ribbon=Silver Star ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=award-star|other_device=v|ribbon=Bronze Star BAR.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=Ribbon, U.S. Navy Presidential Unit Citation.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=American Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|{{Ribbon devices|number=11|type=service-star|ribbon=Asiatic-Pacific Campaign ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=0|type=service-star|ribbon=World War II Victory Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|{{Ribbon devices|number=1|type=service-star|ribbon=National Defense Service Medal ribbon.svg|width=106}}
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto; text-align:center;"
|-
!1st Row
|[[Navy Cross (United States)|Navy Cross]] with three gold [[award star]]s
|[[Silver Star]]  with one gold [[award star]]
|-
!2nd Row
|[[Bronze Star Medal|Bronze Star]] with [["V" Device]]
|[[Presidential Unit Citation (United States)|Navy Presidential Unit Citation]] with one bronze [[service star]]
|[[American Defense Service Medal]]  
|-
!3rd Row
|[[Asiatic-Pacific Campaign Medal]] <br>with 11 [[battle star]]s
|[[World War II Victory Medal]]
|[[National Defense Service Medal]] with star
|-
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist}}

==References==
{{Portal|Biography}}
*{{Cite web
| last = Whitman
| first = Edward C
| title = Submarine Hero – Slade Deville Cutter
| work = Undersea Warfare Fall 2000 Vol. 3, No. 1 
| publisher = Chief of Naval Operations Submarine Warfare Division
| url = http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_9/submarine_hero.html
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20061123193244/http://www.navy.mil/navydata/cno/n87/usw/issue_9/submarine_hero.html
| url-status = dead
| archive-date = November 23, 2006
| access-date = 26 July 2011}}
*{{Cite web
| last = The Joint Army Navy Assessment Committee
| author-link = JANAC
| title = Appendix: Japanese Shipping Lost by United States Submarines
| work = Japanese Naval and Merchant Shipping Losses During World War II by All Causes
| publisher = HyperWar Foundation
| date = 3 February 1947
| url = http://www.ibiblio.org/hyperwar/Japan/IJN/JANAC-Losses/JANAC-Losses-6.html
| access-date = 23 November 2011}}
*{{Cite book
|title=Silent Victory: The U.S. Submarine War Against Japan
|first=Clay
|last=Blair Jr.
|author-link=Clay Blair
|publisher=J. B. Lippincott Company
|location=Philadelphia and New York
|year=1975
|isbn=0-397-00753-1
|url-access=registration
|url=https://archive.org/details/silentvictoryus00blai
}}
*{{Cite book
|title=United States Submarine Operations in World War II
|first=Theodore |last=Roscoe
|author-link = Theodore Roscoe
|publisher=United States Naval Institute
|location=Annapolis, Maryland
|year=1949 
|title-link=United States Submarine Operations in World War II }}
*{{cite journal
| title = Naval History News: Legendary Submariner Remembered with Park Dedication
| journal = Naval History Magazine
| volume = 26
| issue = 1
| pages = 11, 62–63
| publisher = U.S. Naval Institute
| location = Annapolis, Maryland
| date = February 2012
}}

==Attribution==
:{{USGovernment-Navy}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://digital.utsa.edu/cdm/ref/collection/p15125coll4/id/971 Interview with Slade D. Cutter, July 02, 1984. University of Texas at San Antonio: Institute of Texan Cultures: Oral History Collection, UA 15.01, University of Texas at San Antonio Libraries Special Collections.]

{{Navy Midshipmen athletic director navbox}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Cutter, Slade}}
[[Category:1911 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:People from Oswego, Illinois]]
[[Category:American football tackles]]
[[Category:Navy Midshipmen football players]]
[[Category:All-American college football players]]
[[Category:United States Naval Academy alumni]]
[[Category:Military personnel from Illinois]]
[[Category:United States Navy personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Silver Star]]
[[Category:United States submarine commanders]]
[[Category:Recipients of the Navy Cross (United States)]]
[[Category:Navy Midshipmen athletic directors]]
[[Category:United States Navy captains]]
[[Category:College Football Hall of Fame inductees]]
[[Category:People from Annapolis, Maryland]]
[[Category:Burials at the United States Naval Academy Cemetery]]