View source for Django (web framework)

{{Short description|Python web framework}}
{{Other uses|Django (disambiguation){{!}}Django}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2024}}
{{Primary sources|date=February 2025}}
{{Infobox software
| name = 
| logo = Django logo.svg<!-- Image name is enough -->{{!}}class=skin-invert
| logo caption = 
| logo alt = 
| screenshot = Django 2.1 landing page.png<!-- Image name is enough -->
| caption = 
| screenshot alt = The default Django page
| collapsible = 
| author = [[Adrian Holovaty]], [[Simon Willison]]
| developer = [[Django Software Foundation]]<ref name="programming-language">{{cite web |title = django/README |url = https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/README.rst |website = GitHub |access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>
| released = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2005|7|21}}<ref>{{cite web| title=Django FAQ | url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/stable/faq/general/#why-does-this-project-exist | access-date=27 March 2019}}</ref>
| latest_release_version = {{multiple releases
  | branch1  = 5:
  | version1 = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|P348|P548=Q2804309}}
  | date1    = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q2804309|P577}}}}

  | branch2  = 4.2:
  | version2 = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|P348|P548=Q15726348}}
  | date2    = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q15726348|P577}}}}

  | branch3  = 3.2:
  | version3 = {{wikidata|property|preferred|references|edit|P348|P548=Q6736813}}
  | date3    = {{Start date and age|{{wikidata|qualifier|preferred|single|P348|P548=Q6736813|P577}}}}
}}
| programming language = [[Python (programming language)|Python]]<ref name="programming-language"/>
| operating system = 
| platform = 
| language = 
| genre = [[Web framework]]<ref name="programming-language"/>
| license = [[3-clause BSD]]<ref name="license">{{cite web |title = django/LICENSE |url = https://github.com/django/django/blob/master/LICENSE |website = GitHub |access-date=8 September 2020}}</ref>
}}
{{Template:Python sidebar}}
'''Django''' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|æ|ŋ|ɡ|oʊ}} {{respell|JANG|goh}}; sometimes stylized as '''django''')<ref>{{cite web|url=http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/faq/general/#what-does-django-mean-and-how-do-you-pronounce-it|title=FAQ: General - Django documentation - Django|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> is a [[free and open-source software|free and open-source]], [[Python (programming language)|Python]]-based [[web framework]] that runs on a [[web server]]. It follows the [[Model–view–controller|model–template–views]] (MTV) [[Architectural pattern (computer science)|architectural pattern]].<ref name=faq-mvc>{{cite web|url=http://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/faq/general/#django-appears-to-be-a-mvc-framework-but-you-call-the-controller-the-view-and-the-view-the-template-how-come-you-don-t-use-the-standard-names|title=FAQ: General - Django documentation - Django|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref><ref name=djangobook-mvc>{{cite book |author=Adrian Holovaty, Jacob Kaplan-Moss |title=The Django Book |quote=Django follows this MVC pattern closely enough that it can be called an MVC framework |url=http://www.djangobook.com/en/2.0/chapter05.html#the-mtv-or-mvc-development-pattern |display-authors=etal |access-date=3 September 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160902130823/http://www.djangobook.com/en/2.0/chapter05.html#the-mtv-or-mvc-development-pattern |archive-date=2 September 2016 |url-status=dead }}</ref> It is maintained by the [[Django Software Foundation]] (DSF), an independent organization established in the US as a [[501(c)(3)]] non-profit.

Django's primary goal is to ease the creation of complex, [[Data-driven programming|database-driven]] websites. The framework emphasizes [[reusability]] and "pluggability" of components, less code, [[Loose coupling|low coupling]], rapid development, and the principle of [[don't repeat yourself]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/2.0/misc/design-philosophies/|title=Design Philosophies|work=Django|access-date=18 March 2018}}</ref> Python is used throughout, even for settings, files, and [[Data model|data models]]. Django also provides an optional administrative [[create, read, update and delete]] interface that is generated dynamically through [[Type introspection|introspection]] and configured via admin models.

Some well-known sites that use Django include [[Instagram]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://instagram-engineering.tumblr.com/post/13649370142/what-powers-instagram-hundreds-of-instances|title=What Powers Instagram: Hundreds of Instances, Dozens of Technologies|website=Instagram Engineering}}</ref> [[Mozilla Foundation|Mozilla]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Python#Use_of_Python_at_Mozilla|title=Python|work=Mozilla Developer Network|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120208002537/https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Python#Use_of_Python_at_Mozilla|access-date=30 April 2016|archive-date=8 February 2012}}</ref> [[Disqus]],<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://blog.disqus.com/scaling-django-to-8-billion-page-views|title=Scaling Django to 8 Billion Page Views|first=Matt|last=Robenolt|website=blog.disqus.com}}</ref> [[Bitbucket]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DjangoSuccessStoryBitbucket|title=DjangoSuccessStoryBitbucket – Django|access-date=30 April 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160420214550/https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/DjangoSuccessStoryBitbucket|archive-date=20 April 2016|url-status=dead}}</ref> [[Nextdoor]],<ref>{{cite web|title=The anti-Facebook: one in four American neighborhoods are now using this private social network|url=https://www.theverge.com/2014/8/18/6030393/nextdoor-private-social-network-40000-neighborhoods|website=The Verge|date=18 August 2014 |access-date=16 June 2016}}</ref> and [[Clubhouse (app)|Clubhouse]].<ref>{{cite web |last1=Demi |first1=Luke |title=Reining in the thundering herd ⛈ Getting to 80% CPU utilization with Django |url=https://blog.clubhouse.com/reining-in-the-thundering-herd-with-django-and-gunicorn/ |website=Clubhouse Blog |access-date=16 August 2021 |language=en |date=15 August 2021}}</ref>

==History==
Django was created in the autumn of 2003, when the [[web programmer]]s at the ''[[Lawrence Journal-World]]'' newspaper, [[Adrian Holovaty]] and [[Simon Willison]], began using Python to build applications. Jacob Kaplan-Moss was hired early in Django's development shortly before Willison's [[internship]] ended.<ref>{{Cite web| url=https://www.quora.com/What-is-the-history-of-the-Django-web-framework-Why-has-it-been-described-as-developed-in-a-newsroom/answer/Simon-Willison| title=What is the history of the Django web framework? Why has it been described as "developed in a newsroom"?| last=Willison| first=Simon| author-link=Simon Willison |website=Quora |access-date=18 October 2019}}</ref> It was released publicly under a [[BSD license]] in July 2005. The framework was named after guitarist [[Django Reinhardt]].<ref name="Django's History">{{cite web |url=https://djangobook.com/introducing-django/|title=Introducing Django|access-date=29 July 2018 |publisher=The Django Book |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180729171111/https://djangobook.com/introducing-django/ |archive-date=29 July 2018|url-status=dead}}</ref> Holovaty is a [[Gypsy jazz|romani jazz]] guitar player inspired in part by Reinhardt's music.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://acousticguitar.com/review-adrian-holovatys-playful-and-precise-melodic-guitar-music/|title=Review: Adrian Holovaty's Playful and Precise 'Melodic Guitar Music'|work=Acoustic Guitar|date=12 December 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20231230012044/https://acousticguitar.com/review-adrian-holovatys-playful-and-precise-melodic-guitar-music/|archive-date=30 December 2023}}</ref>

In June 2008, it was announced that a newly formed [[Django Software Foundation]] (DSF) would maintain Django in the future.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2008/jun/17/foundation/|title=Announcing the Django Software Foundation - Weblog - Django|date=17 June 2008 |access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref>

==Features==
===Components===
[[File:Django useradmin.png|thumb|Screenshot of the Django admin interface for modifying a user account]]
Despite having its own nomenclature, such as naming the [[Callable object|callable objects]] generating the [[HTTP]] responses "views",<ref name=faq-mvc /> the core Django framework can be seen as an [[model–view–controller|MVC]] architecture.<ref name=djangobook-mvc /> It consists of an [[object-relational mapping|object-relational mapper]] (ORM) that mediates between [[data modeling|data models]] (defined as Python classes) and a [[relational database]] ("'''M'''odel"), a system for processing HTTP requests with a [[web template system|web templating system]] ("'''V'''iew"), and a [[regular expression|regular-expression]]-based [[Uniform Resource Locator|URL]] dispatcher ("'''C'''ontroller").

Also included in the core framework are:
* a lightweight and standalone [[web server]] for development and testing
* a form [[serialization]] and validation system that can translate between [[HTML]] forms and values suitable for storage in the database
* a template system that utilizes the concept of [[Inheritance (object-oriented programming)|inheritance]] borrowed from object-oriented programming
* a [[Web cache|caching]] framework that can use any of several cache methods
* support for [[middleware]] classes that can intervene at various stages of request processing and carry out custom functions
* an internal dispatcher system that allows components of an application to communicate events to each other via pre-defined signals
* an [[Internationalization and localization|internationalization]] system, including translations of Django's own components into a variety of languages
* a [[serialization]] system that can produce and read [[XML]] and/or [[JSON]] representations of Django model instances
* a system for extending the capabilities of the template engine
* an interface to Python's built-in [[unit test]] framework

===Bundled applications===
The main Django distribution also bundles a number of applications in its "contrib" package, including:
* an extensible authentication system
* the dynamic administrative interface
* tools for generating [[RSS]] and [[Atom (web standard)|Atom]] syndication feeds
* a "Sites" framework that allows one Django installation to run multiple websites, each with their own content and applications
* tools for generating [[Sitemaps]]
* built-in mitigation for [[cross-site request forgery]], [[cross-site scripting]], [[SQL injection]], [[password cracking]] and other typical web attacks, most of them turned on by default<ref>{{cite web | url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/topics/security/ | title=Security in Django | publisher=Django Project | access-date=25 March 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url=http://coffeeonthekeyboard.com/best-basic-security-practices-especially-with-django-697/ | title=Best Basic Security Practices (Especially with Django) | year=2012 | access-date=25 March 2013 | author=Socol, James}}</ref>

* a framework for creating [[geographic information system]] (GIS) applications

===Extensibility===
{{Primary sources|section|date=January 2015}}

Django's configuration system allows third-party code to be plugged into a regular project, provided that it follows the reusable app<ref>{{cite web|url=https://django-reusable-app-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/|title=What is a reusable app? — django-reusable-app-docs 0.1.0 documentation|access-date=30 April 2016}}</ref> conventions. More than 5000 packages<ref>{{cite web |title=Django Packages API packages list |url=https://djangopackages.org/api/v3/packages/ |access-date=17 April 2023}}</ref> are available to extend the framework's original behavior, providing solutions to issues the original tool didn't tackle: registration, search, [[Application Programming Interface|API]] provision and consumption, [[Content Management System|CMS]], etc.

This extensibility is, however, mitigated by internal components' dependencies. While the Django philosophy implies loose coupling,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/misc/design-philosophies/|title=Design philosophies - Django documentation - Django|access-date=30 April 2016|archive-date=4 March 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304084102/https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.7/misc/design-philosophies/|url-status=dead}}</ref> the template filters and tags assume one engine implementation, and both the auth and admin bundled applications require the use of the internal [[Object-relational mapping|ORM]]. None of these filters or bundled apps are mandatory to run a Django project, but reusable apps tend to depend on them, encouraging developers to keep using the official stack in order to benefit fully from the apps ecosystem.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Built-in template tags and filters |url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/ref/templates/builtins/ |access-date=6 August 2025 |website=djangoproject}}</ref>

===Server arrangements===
Django can be run on [[Asynchronous_Server_Gateway_Interface|ASGI]] or [[Web Server Gateway Interface|WSGI]]-compliant web servers.<ref>[https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/howto/deployment/ How to deploy Django]. Official Django documentation.</ref> Django officially supports five database backends: [[PostgreSQL]], [[MySQL]], [[MariaDB]], [[SQLite]], and [[Oracle Database|Oracle]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/ref/databases/ |website=Django documentation |access-date=23 February 2025 |title=Django documentation}}</ref> [[Microsoft SQL Server]] can be used with mssql-django.

==Version history==
<!-- MAJOR RELEASES ONLY PLEASE -->

<!-- Template:Version is for version and release history. Documentation and examples: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Version -->

The Django team will occasionally designate certain releases to be "long-term support" (LTS) releases.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/internals/release-process/#term-Long-term-support-release|title=Django's release process - Django documentation - Django|access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> LTS releases will get security and data loss fixes applied for a guaranteed period of time, typically 3+ years, regardless of the pace of releases afterwards.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Version
! Release date<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.djangoproject.com/download/#supported-versions|title=Download Django - Django|website=www.djangoproject.com}}</ref>
!End of mainstream support
!End of extended support
! Notes<ref>{{cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/faq/install/#what-python-version-can-i-use-with-django|title=FAQ: Installation - Django documentation - Django|website=docs.djangoproject.com}}</ref>
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |0.90}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2005/nov/16/firstrelease/ "Introducing Django 0.90"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2005|11|16|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" |
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |0.91}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2006/jan/11/091/ "Django 0.91 released"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2006|1|11|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" | "new-admin"
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |0.95}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2006/jul/29/095/ "Introducing Django 0.95"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2006|7|29|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" | "magic removal"
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |0.96}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2007/mar/23/096/ "Announcing Django 0.96!"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2007|3|23|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" | "newforms", testing tools
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.0}}<ref>[http://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2008/sep/03/1/ "Django 1.0 released!"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2008|09|3|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" | API stability, decoupled admin, unicode
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.1}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2009/jul/29/1-point-1/ "Django 1.1 released"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2009|7|29|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" | Aggregates, transaction based tests
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.2}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2010/may/17/12/ "Django 1.2 released"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2010|5|17|abbr=on}} || || || style="text-align:left;" | Multiple db connections, [[CSRF]], model validation
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.3}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2011/mar/23/13/ "Django 1.3 released"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2011|3|23|abbr=on}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2012|3|23|abbr=on}} || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|2|26|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Class based views, staticfiles
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.4 LTS}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2012/mar/23/14/ "Django 1.4 released"]. Django weblog. Retrieved 2 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2012|3|23|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|2|26|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|10|1|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Time zones, in browser testing, app templates.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.5}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2013/feb/26/15/ "Django 1.5 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 27 February 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|2|26|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2013|11|6|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2014|9|2|abbr=on}}  || style="text-align:left;" | Python 3 Support, configurable user model
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.6}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2013/nov/06/django-16-released/ "Django 1.6 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 6 November 2013.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2013|11|6|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2014|9|2|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|4|1|abbr=on}}  || style="text-align:left;" | Dedicated to Malcolm Tredinnick, db transaction management, connection pooling.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.7}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2014/sep/02/release-17-final/ "Django 1.7 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 4 September 2014.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2014|09|2|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|4|1|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|12|1|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Migrations, application loading and configuration.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.8 LTS}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2015/apr/01/release-18-final/ "Django 1.8 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 2 April 2015.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2015|04|1|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2015|12|1|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2018|4|1|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Native support for multiple template engines. ''Support ended on 1 April 2018''
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |1.9}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2015/dec/01/django-19-released/ "Django 1.9 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 1 December 2015.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2015|12|1|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2016|8|1|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|4|4|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Automatic password validation. New styling for admin interface.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o |1.10}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2016/aug/01/django-110-released/ "Django 1.10 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 1 August 2016.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2016|08|1|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|4|4|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|12|2|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Full text search for PostgreSQL. New-style middleware.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |1.11 LTS}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2017/apr/04/django-111-released/ "Django 1.11 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 4 April 2017.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2017|04|4|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2017|12|2|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2020|4|1|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Last version to support Python 2.7. ''Support ended on 1 April 2020''
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |2.0}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2017/dec/02/django-20-released/ "Django 2.0 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 3 December 2017.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2017|Dec|2|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2018|8|1|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|4|1|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | First Python 3-only release, Simplified URL routing syntax, Mobile friendly admin.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |2.1}}<ref>[https://www.djangoproject.com/weblog/2018/aug/01/django-21-released/ "Django 2.1 released"] Django weblog. Retrieved 2 August 2018.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2018|Aug|1|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|4|1|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|12|2|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Model "view" permission.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |2.2 LTS}}<ref name="Django 2.2">[https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/2.2/ Django 2.2 release notes]. Retrieved 1 July 2019.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|Apr|1|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2019|12|2|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2022|4|11|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" | Security release.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |3.0}}<ref name="Django 3.0">[https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/3.0/ Django 3.0 release notes]. Retrieved 2 December 2019.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2019|Dec|2|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2020|8|3|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2020|4|6|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" |[[ASGI]] support
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |3.1}}<ref name="Django 3.1">[https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/3.1/ Django 3.1 release notes]. Retrieved 5 August 2020.</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2020|Aug|4|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2020|4|6|abbr=on}}||{{dts|format=dmy|2021|12|7|abbr=on}} || style="text-align:left;" |Asynchronous views and middleware
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |3.2 LTS}}<ref name="Django 3.2">{{cite web |url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/3.2/releases/3.2/ |title=Django 3.2 release notes |date=6 April 2021 |access-date=7 June 2021}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2021|Apr|6|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2021|12|7|abbr=on}}||April 2024 || style="text-align:left;" |Tracking many to many relationships, added support for Python 3.11
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |4.0}}<ref name="Django 4.0">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.0/releases/4.0/ |title=Django 4.0 release notes | date=7 December 2021 | access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2021|Dec|7|abbr=on}} ||{{dts|format=dmy|2022|8|3|abbr=on}}||April 2023 || style="text-align:left;" |Support for <code>pytz</code> is now deprecated and will be removed in Django 5.0.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |o  |4.1}}<ref name="Django 4.1">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/4.1/releases/4.1/ | title=Django 4.1 release notes | date=3 August 2022 | access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2022|Aug|3|abbr=on}} ||April 2023||December 2023 || style="text-align:left;" |Asynchronous ORM interface, <code>CSRF_COOKIE_MASKED</code> setting, outputting a form, like <code><nowiki>{{ form }}</nowiki></code>
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |co  |4.2 LTS}}<ref name="Django 4.2">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/dev/releases/4.2/ | title=Django 4.2 release notes | access-date=4 August 2022}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2023|April|3|abbr=on}}||December 2023||April 2026 || style="text-align:left;" |Psycopg 3 support, <code>ENGINE</code> as <code>django.db.backends.postgresql</code> supports both libraries.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |co  |5.0}}<ref name="Django 5.0">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.0/releases/5.0/ | title=Django 5.0 release notes | date=4 December 2023 | access-date=4 December 2023}}</ref>|| {{dts|format=dmy|2023|December|4|abbr=on}} ||August 2024||April 2025|| style="text-align:left;" |Facet filters in the admin, Simplified templates for form field rendering 
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |co  |5.1}}<ref name="Django 5.1">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.1/releases/5.1/ | title=Django 5.1 release notes | date=7 August 2024 | access-date=8 August 2024}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2024|August|7|abbr=on}} ||April 2025||December 2025|| style="text-align:left;" |Added support for Python 3.13. Added support for PostgreSQL connection pools.
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |c  |5.2 LTS}}<ref name="Django 5.2">{{Cite web|url=https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/5.2/releases/5.2/ | title=Django 5.2 release notes | date=2 April 2025 | access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2025|April|2||abbr=on}} ||December 2025||April 2028|| style="text-align:left;" |Automatic model import in shell, support for composite primary keys
|- style="text-align:right;"
| scope="row" {{Version |p  |6.0}}<ref name="Django 6.0">{{Cite web|url=https://code.djangoproject.com/wiki/Version6.0Roadmap | title=Django 6.0 Roadmap | date=December 2025 | access-date=23 February 2025}}</ref> || {{dts|format=dmy|2025|December|abbr=on}} ||August 2026||April 2027|| style="text-align:left;" |
|-
| colspan="5" | {{Version |l |show=011111}}
|}

== Community ==

=== DjangoCon ===
There is a semiannual conference for Django developers and users, named "DjangoCon", that has been held since September '''2008'''. DjangoCon is held annually in Europe, in May or June;<ref>[http://lanyrd.com/series/djangocon-eu/ DjangoCon EU series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304191403/http://lanyrd.com/series/djangocon-eu/ |date=4 March 2016 }}, Lanyrd.com</ref> while another is held in the United States in August or September, in various cities.<ref>[http://lanyrd.com/series/djangocon-us/ DjangoCon US series] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160402095523/http://lanyrd.com/series/djangocon-us/ |date=2 April 2016 }}, Lanyrd.com</ref> 

==== United States ====
The '''2012''' DjangoCon took place in '''Washington, D.C'''., from September 3 to 8. 

'''2013''' DjangoCon was held in '''Chicago''' at the Hyatt Regency Hotel and the post-conference [[Sprint (software development)|Sprints]] were hosted at Digital Bootcamp, computer training center.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.djangocon.us/ |publisher=DjangoCon |url-status=dead |title=DjangoCon |access-date=29 July 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120805042732/http://www.djangocon.us/ |archive-date=5 August 2012 }}</ref> 

The '''2014''' DjangoCon US returned to [[Portland, Oregon|'''Portland''']], OR from August 30 to 6 September. 

The '''2015''' DjangoCon US was held in [[Austin, Texas|'''Austin''']], TX from September 6 to 11 at the AT&T Executive Center. 

The '''2016''' DjangoCon US was held in '''Philadelphia''', PA at The [[Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania]] from July 17 to 22.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2016.djangocon.us/ |publisher=DjangoCon |title=DjangoCon |access-date=1 December 2016}}</ref> 

The '''2017''' DjangoCon US was held in '''Spokane''', WA;<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2017.djangocon.us/ |publisher=DjangoCon |title=DjangoCon}}</ref> in '''2018''' DjangoCon US was held in '''San Diego''', CA.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://2018.djangocon.us/ |publisher=DjangoCon |title=DjangoCon}}</ref> DjangoCon US '''2019''' was held again in '''San Diego''', CA from September 22 to 27. 

DjangoCon '''2021''' took place ''virtually'' and in '''2022''', DjangoCon US returned to San Diego from October 16 to 21. DjangoCon US '''2023''' was held from October 16 to 20 at the [[Durham, North Carolina|Durham]], NC convention center and DjangoCon US '''2024''' took place also in Durham in September 22 to 27.<ref>{{Cite web| title = About DjangoCon US 2023| work = DjangoCon US| access-date = 2024-07-17| url = https://2023.djangocon.us/about/}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web| title = About DjangoCon US| work = DjangoCon US| access-date = 2024-07-17| url = https://2024.djangocon.us/about/}}</ref>

DjangoCon US '''2025''' is scheduled to take place in from September 8th to 12th in '''Chicago''', Illinois.<ref>{{Cite web |last=US |first=DjangoCon |date=2025-07-09 |title=DjangoCon US 2025 |url=https://2025.djangocon.us/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=DjangoCon US |language=en}}</ref>

==== Europe ====
The '''2025''' edition of DjangoCon Europe took place in '''Dublin, Ireland''' from 23rd to 27th April.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2025 |url=https://2025.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2025.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

In '''2024''', the conference was hosted in '''Vigo, Spain'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2024 |url=https://2024.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2024.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

'''Edinburgh, Scotland''' served as the venue for DjangoCon Europe in '''2023'''.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Europe |first=DjangoCon |title=DjangoCon EU 2023 • May 29th - June 2nd 2023 • Edinburgh, Scotland |url=https://2023.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=DjangoCon Europe |language=en}}</ref>

The '''2022''' conference was organized in '''Porto, Portugal'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2022 |url=https://2022.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2022.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

In '''2021''', DjangoCon Europe was held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2021 |url=https://2021.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2021.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

The '''2020''' edition was also conducted as a fully virtual event.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2020 |url=https://2020.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2020.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

DjangoCon Europe '''2019''' was held in '''Copenhagen, Denmark'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Join us in Copenhagen April 10-14th 🚲 • DjangoCon Europe 2019 |url=https://2019.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2019.djangocon.eu |language=en-us}}</ref>

In '''2018''', the event took place in '''Heidelberg, Germany'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2018 |url=https://2018.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2018.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

The '''2017''' conference was convened in '''Florence, Italy'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Europe 2017 {{!}} Join us in Florence, April 3-7 |url=https://2017.djangocon.eu/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2017.djangocon.eu |language=en}}</ref>

DjangoCon Europe '''2012''' was organized in '''Zurich, Switzerland'''.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Home - 2012.djangocon.eu |url=http://2012.djangocon.eu/en/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2012.djangocon.eu}}</ref>

==== Australia ====
Django mini-conferences are usually held every year as part of the Australian [[Python Conference]] 'PyCon AU'.<ref>[http://djangocon.com.au/ DjangoCon AU]. Djangocon.com.au. Retrieved on 2019-12-16.</ref> Previously, these mini-conferences have been held in:

* [[Hobart]], Australia, in July 2013,
* [[Brisbane]], Australia, in August 2014 and 2015,
* [[Melbourne]], Australia in August 2016 and 2017, and
* [[Sydney]], Australia, in August 2018 and 2019.

==== Africa ====
The first '''DjangoCon Africa''' was held in Zanzibar, Tanzania, from 6 to 11 November 2023<ref>{{Cite web |title=DjangoCon Africa 2025 |url=https://2025.djangocon.africa/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=2025.djangocon.africa}}</ref>. The event hosted approximately 200 attendees from 22 countries, including 103 women. The conference featured 26 talks on topics such as software development, education, careers, accessibility, and agriculture, often highlighting perspectives from across the African continent. Future editions of the conference are planned, with details available on the official [https://djangocon.africa/ website]

=== Community groups & programs ===
Django has spawned user groups and meetups around the world, a notable group is the [[Django Girls]] organization, which began in Poland but now has had events in 91 countries.<ref name="happy_birthday">{{Cite web| url=https://www2.ljworld.com/news/2015/jul/09/happy-birthday-django/| title=Lawrence-born Django, which revolutionized website construction, celebrating its 10th anniversary| access-date=18 October 2019| date=9 July 2015| publisher=[[Lawrence Journal-World]]}}</ref><ref name="django_girls">{{Cite web| url=https://djangogirls.org/| title=Django Girls - start your journey with programming| access-date=21 October 2019}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.meetup.com/topics/django/|title=Django groups|website=Meetup}}</ref>

Another initiative is [[Djangonaut Space]]<ref>{{Cite web |title=Djangonaut Space - Where contributors launch! |url=https://djangonaut.space/ |access-date=2025-07-20 |website=djangonaut.space |language=en}}</ref>, a mentorship program aimed at supporting new contributors to the Django ecosystem. The program pairs experienced mentors with developers to guide them through making meaningful contributions to Django and its community. It emphasizes long-term engagement, inclusion, and collaborative open-source development.

==Ports to other languages==
Programmers have ported Django's template engine design from Python to other languages, providing decent cross-platform support. Some of these options are more direct ports; others, though inspired by Django and retaining its concepts, take the liberty to deviate from Django's design:
* Liquid for [[Ruby (programming language)|Ruby]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://liquidmarkup.org|title=– Liquid template language|last=Shopify|website=Liquid template language}}</ref>
* Template::Swig for [[Perl]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://metacpan.org/pod/Template::Swig|title=Template::Swig - Perl interface to Django-inspired Swig templating engine. - metacpan.org|website=metacpan.org}}</ref>
* [[Twig (template engine)|Twig]] for [[PHP]] and [[JavaScript]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://twig.sensiolabs.org|title=Home - Twig - The flexible, fast, and secure PHP template engine|last=Symfony|website=twig.sensiolabs.org|access-date=10 December 2014|archive-date=9 July 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170709023155/https://twig.sensiolabs.org/|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/twigjs/twig.js/wiki|title=twigjs/twig.js|website=GitHub}}</ref>
* [[Jinja (template engine)|Jinja]] for [[Python (programming language)|Python]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://jinja.pocoo.org|title=Welcome - Jinja2 (The Python Template Engine)|website=jinja.pocoo.org}}</ref>
* ErlyDTL for [[Erlang (programming language)|Erlang]]<ref>{{cite web|url=https://github.com/erlydtl/erlydtl/wiki|title=erlydtl/erlydtl|website=GitHub}}</ref>

==CMSs based on Django Framework==
Django as a framework is capable of building a complete [[Content management system|CMS]]. Some dedicated CMS projects are based upon Django:

* [[Django CMS]]<ref>{{Cite web|title=django CMS - Enterprise Content Management with Django - django CMS|url=https://www.django-cms.org/en/|access-date=2020-11-11|website=www.django-cms.org}}</ref>
* [[Wagtail (CMS)|Wagtail]]
* Mezzanine

==See also==
{{Portal|Free and open-source software}}
* [[FastAPI]]
* [[Flask (web framework)|Flask]]
* [[Pylons project]]
* [[Web2py]]
* [[Tornado (web server)|Tornado]]
* [[List of rich web application frameworks]]
* [[Ruby on Rails]]
* [[Comparison of server-side web frameworks|Comparison of web frameworks]]
* [https://www.django-rest-framework.org/ Django REST framework]
{{Clear}}

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{citation
| first1    =  Sanjeev
| last1     = Jaiswal
| first2    =  Ratan
| last2     = Kumar
| date      = 22 June 2015
| title     = Learning Django Web Development
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = Packt
| page      = 405
| isbn      = 978-1783984404
}}
* {{citation
| first1    =  Arun
| last1     = Ravindrun
| date      = 31 March 2015
| title     = Django Design Patterns and Best Practices
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = Packt
| page      = 180
| isbn      = 978-1783986644
}}
* {{citation
| first1    =  Tracy
| last1     = Osborn
| date      = May 2015
| title     = Hello Web App
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = Tracy Osborn
| page      = 142
| isbn      = 978-0986365911
}}
* {{citation
| first1    =  Aidas
| last1     = Bendoraitis
| date      = October 2014
| title     = Web Development with Django Cookbook
| edition   = 1st
| publisher = Packt
| page      = 294
| isbn      = 978-1783286898
}}
* {{citation
 |first1    = Peter
 |last1     = Baumgartner
 |first2    = Yann
 |last2     = Malet
 |date      = 2015
 |title     = High Performance Django
 |edition   = 1st
 |publisher = Lincoln Loop
 |page      = 184
 |isbn      = 978-1508748120
 |url       = http://highperformancedjango.com
}}
* {{citation
 |first1    = Julia
 |last1     = Elman
 |first2    = Mark
 |last2     = Lavin
 |date      = 2014
 |title     = Lightweight Django
 |edition   = 1st
 |publisher = O'Reilly Media
 |page      = 246
 |isbn      = 978-1491945940
 |url       = http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920032502.do
}}
* {{citation
 |first1       = Harry
 |last1        = Percival
 |date         = 2014
 |title        = Test-Driven Development with Python
 |edition      = 1st
 |publisher    = O'Reilly Media
 |page         = 480
 |isbn         = 978-1449364823
 |url          = http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000000754
 |access-date  = 26 October 2014
 |archive-date = 16 July 2017
 |archive-url  = https://web.archive.org/web/20170716122916/http://chimera.labs.oreilly.com/books/1234000000754
 |url-status   = dead
}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
{{Commons category}}
* {{Official website}}

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