View source for Ar-Ra'd

{{short description|13th chapter of the Qur'an}}
{{Tone|talk=This article does not reflect the encyclopedic tone used on Wikipedia.  It lacks citations. Mostly all [[WP:OR]] | date = March 2020}}
{{infobox surah
| number         = 13
| number-3       = 013
| name           = Ar-Raʻd
| name-ar        = الرعد
| name-en        = The [[Thunder]]
| prev_sura      = Quran 12
| next_sura      = Quran 14
| classification = Medinan
| othernames-ar  = <!-- only if applicable -->
| othernames     = <!-- only if applicable -->
| juz            = 13
| rukus          = 6
| verses         = 43
| words          = 854
| letters        = 3450
| muqattaat      = 4 [[Aleph|Alif]] [[Lamedh|Lam]] [[Mem|Mim]] [[Resh|Ra]] (المر)
| sajdahs        = 1 ([http://al-quran.info/#13:15 15th Ayah])
| audio          = Chapter 13, Ar-Ra'd (Murattal) - Recitation of the Holy Qur'an.mp3
}}
{{Quran}}
'''Ar-Ra'd''', ({{langx|ar| الرعد}} {{Transliteration|ar|ar-raʻd}}), or the '''Thunder''',<ref name=GST>[[George Sale]]'s [[George Sale translation|translation]]</ref> is the 13th chapter ([[sūrah]]) of the [[Qur'an]], composed of 43 verses ([[āyāt]]). It has the ''[[Muqatta'at]]'' (Quranic initials) المر (Alif. Lam. Mim. Ra or ALMR).

Verse 15 contains a [[prostration in Islam|prostration]] symbol [[۩]]:<ref>{{Cite web |title=Surah Ar-Ra'd - 15-25 |url=https://quran.com/ar-rad/15-25 |access-date=2023-01-25 |website=Quran.com |language=en}}</ref>
:[[۝]]<ref>[[Arabic script in Unicode]] symbol for a Quran verse, U+06DD, page 3, [http://www.evertype.com/standards/iso10646/pdf/09419-encode-koranic.pdf Proposal for additional Unicode characters]</ref> Whatsoever is in heaven and on earth worshipped GOD, voluntarily or of force; and their shadows also, morning and evening. ۩ <ref name=GST/>

This sūrah is concerned with the [[Tawhid|oneness of God]], the message, the [[Day of judgement]], and the penalty. The [[sūrah]] revolves around an important axis: what is truth is clear through power and stability, and  what is falsehood is clear through its weakness. The verses call upon people to not be deceived by the glitter of falsehood because it is inevitably fleeting, while the truth shines throughout the entire universe.

The name of the sūrah is from the word (ar-Ra'd) (the Thunder) in the 13th [[Āyah|ayah]].<ref>(v. 13)</ref>

==Summary==
*'''1''' The [[infidels in Islam|infidels]] reject the Quran
*'''2-4''' [[Theophany#Islam|God manifests himself to man]] in his works
*'''5''' The unbelievers deny the resurrection
*'''6''' Their punishment
*'''7''' Threatened judgments sure to come to pass
*'''8''' Unbelievers demand a sign
*'''9-12''' God is [[omniscient in Islam|omniscient]]
*'''12''' God's purposes are unchangeable
*'''13-14''' Thunder and lightning indicates the unceasing works of [[Angels in Islam|angels]] who regulate the clouds and rains in their task given by God.<ref name="Ra'd" /> 
*'''[[۩]] 15''' [[Idolaters in Islam|Idolaters]] invoke their gods in vain
*'''16''' All nature worships the Creator
*'''17''' The separation of infidels from true believers typified in the flowing stream and the melting metal
*'''18-22''' True believers described
*'''23-24''' Their reward
*'''25''' The end of the infidels
*'''26''' Abundance of wealth no sign of God's favour
*'''27''' The infidels demand a sign from heaven
*'''28''' God directs true believers
*'''29''' Muhammad sent to an unbelieving people
*'''30''' Signs unavailing to make infidels true believers
*'''31-32''' God will punish the unbelievers
*'''33-34''' Idolaters are reprobate
*'''35''' Paradise is described
*'''36''' Certain Jews acknowledge Muhammad to be a prophet
*'''36-37''' Muhammad exhorted to make no compromise with idolatry
*'''38''' Wives and children no hindrance to the prophetic office
*'''39''' God is lord of his own book
*'''40''' Muhammad is a preacher only
*'''41''' God's judgments is sure to come to pass
*'''42''' The plots of God's enemies is not hidden from him
*'''43''' God attests the claims of his Prophet <ref>{{cite book |last1=Wherry |first1=Elwood Morris |author1-link=Elwood Morris Wherry |title=A Complete Index to [[Sale's Text]], Preliminary Discourse, and Notes |date=1896 |publisher=Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner, and Co |location=London}} {{PD-notice}}</ref>

==Q13-14==
[[Ibn Taymiyyah]] in his work, [[Majmu al-Fatwa al-Kubra]], quoted the [[Hadith terminology|Marfu Hadith]] transmitted by [[Ali|Ali ibn abi Thalib]], that Ra'd were the name of a group of angels who herded the dark clouds like a shepherd.<ref name="Ra'd">{{cite web |website=Rumaysho|last1=Abduh Tuasikal |first1=Muhammad |title=Ada Apa di Balik Petir? |url=https://rumaysho.com/110-ada-apa-di-balik-petir.html |access-date=26 February 2022 |language=id |date=2009 |quote=Al Khoroithi, Makarimil Akhlaq, Hadith Ali ibn Abi Talib; Ibn Taymiyyah, Majm al-Fatawa; al-Suyuti; Tafsir Jalalayn, Hasyiyah ash Shawi 1/31}}</ref><ref name="Stephen Burge">{{cite book |author1=Stephen Burge |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ZzVACwAAQBAJ |title=Angels in Islam Jalal Al-Din Al-Suyuti's Al-Haba'ik Fi Akhbar Al-mala'ik |date=2012 |publisher=Taylor & Francis |isbn=9781136504747 |page=186 |language=en |type= |format=ebook |quote=257 Armad, al-Tirmidhc, al-Nasa'c, Ibn al-Mundhir, Ibn Abc latim, Abe 'l-Shaykh in al-“AVama, Ibn Mardawayh, Abe Nu'aym, in al-DalA”il, and al-kiya'in al-MukhtAra (Ibn 'Abbas) |access-date=26 February 2022}}</ref> Ali further narrated that [[thunder]] (Ra'dan {{langx|ar|رعدان}}) is the growling voices of those angels while herding the clouds, while [[lightning strike]]s (Sawa'iq {{langx|ar|صوائق}}) are a device used by those angels in gathering and herding the raining clouds.<ref name="Ra'd" /> [[Al-Suyuti]] narrated from the Hadith transmitted from [[Ibn Abbas]] about the lightning angels, while giving further commentary that hot light produced by [[lightning]] (Barq {{langx|ar|برق}}) was the emitted light produced from a whip device used by those angels.<ref name="Ra'd" /><ref name="Stephen Burge" /> Saudi [[Grand Mufti]] [[Abd al-Aziz Bin Baz]] also ruled the [[sunnah]] practice of reciting Sura Ar-Ra'd, [[Ayah]] 13|{{Cite quran|13|13|s=r|t=s}} whenever a Muslim hears [[thunder]], as this was practiced according to the [[Hadith]] tradition narrated by [[Zubayr ibn al-Awwam]].<ref name="fatwa ibn Baz12">{{cite web |last1=Ibn Baz |first1=Abd al Aziz|author-link1=Abd al-Aziz Bin Baz |title= ما يحسن بالمسلم قوله عند نزول المطر أو سماع الرعد؟ |trans-title=What is good for a Muslim to say when it rains or when he hears thunder?; Fatwa number 13/85 |url=https://binbaz.org.sa/fatwas/5241/%D9%85%D8%A7-%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%85-%D9%82%D9%88%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%B9%D9%86%D8%AF-%D9%86%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%84-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B7%D8%B1-%D8%A7%D9%88-%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%B9%D8%AF |website=BinBaz.org |publisher=BinBaz.org |access-date=11 December 2021 |language=ar}}</ref>

==Time of Revelation ==
There has been considerable disagreement about the time of revelation among Muslim scholars going back to conflicting reports from the Companions. In his famous tafsir, Turkish scholar [[Muhammed Hamdi Yazır|Elmalili Hamdi Yazir]] reviews the different reports and opinions in the introduction of his tafsir of Surah Ar-Ra'd.<ref>Hak Dini Kuran Dili Tefsiri, Volume 5, Pages 109-110, by Elmalili Muhammed Hamdi Yazir (editors: Prof. Ismail Karacam, Asst. Prof Emin Isik, Dr Nusrettin Bolelli, and Abdullah Yucel)</ref> He quotes a report by Alûsî that Ikrime, Atâ and Hasen said the surah was revealed during the Meccan phase. On the other side,  Companion and prominent scholar of the Quran Abdullah bin Abbas along with Kelbî, Mukatil, and Katade said it was revealed in the Medinan phase. He then quotes famous Tafsir scholars Kâdî Baydawî and Ebus-suud as saying it's Madinan, and Fahreddin Râzî as saying it's Meccan.

 
The rhetoric of the discourse <ref>(vv. 27-31 and vv. 34-48)</ref> shows that this sūrah was [[Revelation in Islam|uncovered]] in the ending of the Meccan phase, when Muhammad was also revealed with the surahs [[Yunus (surah)|Yunus]], [[Hud (surah)|Hud]], and [[Al-A'raf|Al-A'araf]]. Time had passed since Muhammad last passed on the Message. His adversaries had been carrying out various plots to vanquish him and his mission, while his supporters thought that by indicating some tangible miracle the disbelievers might be brought to the Correct Path. The sūrah responded that the Devotees ought not to lose heart, and that disbelievers would explain away any miracle, even if Allah brought the dead out of their graves and caused them to talk.<ref>(v. 31)</ref>

==Theme==
The opening ayah articulates the fundamental topic of this sūrah: "The Message of Muhammad (Allah's tranquility arrive) is the very Truth, however, it is the shortcoming of the individuals that they are dismissing it".

Other than this, the sūrah also addresses the rivals and their complaints, and the Devotees, who had been going through trials and were tiring. The Devotees are told that by standing by restlessly for Allah's help, they have been ameliorated and loaded up with expectation and fortitude. The significant issues, divine Laws, and direction incorporated in the text of the discourse can be categorized as follows:<ref>Muhammad Farooq-i-Azam Malik (translator), Al-Qur'an, the Guidance for Mankind - English with Arabic Text (Hardcover) {{ISBN|0-911119-80-9}}</ref>-

# The [[Qur'an]] is the disclosure of [[Allah]].  
# Trees, fruits, and vegetables are among the indications of Allah.  
# Allah never changes the state of a people except if they are eager to change themselves.  
# The individuals who don't react to the call of Allah will have no real way to escape from hellfire.
# It is the recognition of Allah that gives quietness to hearts.  
# Rasools [Prophets] have no capacity to show any marvel of miracle with the exception of the will of Allah.

== References ==
{{reflist}}

== External links==
*[https://quran.com/13 Quran 13] [[Clear Quran translation]]
*[http://tanzil.net/#13:1 المر]
{{Sura|13|[[Yusuf (sura)|Yusuf]]|[[Ibrahim (sura)|Ibrahim]]}}
{{Authority control}}
[[Category:Chapters in the Quran|Ra'd]]
[[Category:Muqattaʿat suras|Ra'd]]