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Gender gap

Women continue to lag behind in the teaching of digital skills, despite the fact that these skills open doors to further learning and job development. Despite at least ten years of national and foreign attempts to solve them, gender gaps in digital skills continue to widen on a global scale. Men are roughly four times as likely as women to possess sophisticated ICT skills, such as the capacity to program computers, according to UNESCO figures. According to Fraillon et al (Fraillon et al., 2014; OECD, 2011), boys showed greater enthusiasm and pleasure in using computer technology than did females, according to the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICILS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), as well as more favorable views. Furthermore, Petko et al (Petko et al., 2017) states the performance of pupils in math, literacy, and science is significantly influenced by gender differences in their attitudes toward technology. Many women and girls are prevented from taking advantage of or even wanting to use ICTs because of worries about safety and harassment (both online and offline). In many situations, women and girls worry about being physically harmed if they own or borrow digital devices. In some cases, this causes them to use the devices covertly, increasing their vulnerability to threats online and making it challenging for them to learn digital skills. Programmers were observed to have impact as computers entered the everyday lives of people. As a result, women were made to leave the field, which further favored men.

Global level

1. In America

In Mexico in 2017, 45.4% of homes had a computer and 50.4% had internet connectivity. Low money, inadequate schooling, inadequate infrastructure, and physical position are all contributing factors to the digital gap in Mexico. A little more than 11.5% of Americans did not have access to the internet as of 2016. Out of the 324,118,787 Americans, 286,942,362 (88.5%) were internet users. With a compound annual growth rate of 4.6 percent, Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the fastest growing Internet connectivity. By 2025, an additional 167 million subscribers are expected, bringing the region's total subscriber base to just over 600 million, or roughly half of the total population.

2. In Africa

There are differences between nations, but there is also a sizable divide between rural and metropolitan regions. For instance, in Uganda, the rural gender disparity is 22 percent, more than five times as large as the urban gender gap in cell possession, which is only 4% in urban regions. In Senegal, women are 32% more likely to use mobile Internet in rural regions than they are in metropolitan areas, which is a difference of 11%.

3. In Asia

53 percent of Nepalese people use or have access to the internet, according to the Nepal Telecommunication Authority's mid-September MIS Survey. Location, age, and schooling are a few variables that contribute to this gap. Geopolitical factors had caused Nepal to isolate itself prior to the 1950s, but after the Rana Regime was overthrown in 1951, the nation started to embrace and grow a number of contemporary sciences within its government. Women in Middle Eastern nations have much less access to the internet than males due to the gender digital gap. Women in the Middle East are statistically held to lesser norms, which contributes to this digital divide. Men use the internet at a rate of 47.7%, while women only use it at a rate of 39.4%. One of the South Asian nations with internet connectivity is Pakistan. Beginning in the 1990s, internet usage in Pakistan has increased over the years. In actuality, 32 million people in Pakistan use the internet. However, the World Bank's statistics indicates that there are roughly 193 million individuals living in Pakistan as a whole.

4. In Europe

According to Bughin et al (Bughin et al, 2019), the EU has behind in the battle for digital technology and services, but it may be able to catch up in future industrial races. This will rely on how digital technologies, like IoT and AI, are incorporated into production and services. For instance, the production of cars, a key industry in the EU, is now carried out in the context of a wide range of digital services (smart electricity grids, customized entertainment systems, smart mobility), all of which are a part of a network that is based on IoT and AI and is centered on the physical platform that the car represents.