Narnaul
Narnaul | |
|---|---|
 Jal Mahal of Narnaul, Haryana | |
  Narnaul Location of Narnaul in Mahendragarh district, Haryana, India  Narnaul Narnaul (India) | |
| Coordinates: 28°02′40″N 76°06′20″E / 28.04444°N 76.10556°E | |
| Country |  India |
| State | Haryana |
| District | Mahendragarh |
| Seat | Government of Haryana |
| Elevation | 318 m (1,043 ft) |
| Population (2011) | |
• Total | 145,897 |
| Languages | |
| • Official | Hindi, Haryanvi[1] & English
registration_plate = HR-35 xxxx (for non-commercial vehicles) HR-66 xxxx (for commercial vehicles) |
| Time zone | UTC+05:30 (IST) |
| Postal code of India | 123001 |
| Area code | 01282 |
| ISO 3166 code | IN-HR |
| Sex ratio | 901 ♂/♀ |
| Climate | Cw (Köppen) |
| Precipitation | 570 millimetres (22 in) |
| Avg. summer temperature | 38 °C (100 °F) |
| Avg. winter temperature | 04 °C (39 °F) |
| Website | mahendragarh |
Narnaul is a city, a Municipal Council, and location of headquarters of the Mahendragarh district in the Indian state of Haryana. It is located in the National Capital Region of India.
Etymology
[edit]
During the early Vedic period of Rigveda, this area was called the Nandigram where rishi Chyavana lived in his ashram. During the later Vedic period of mahabharta, this area was called the Nara Rashtra which later became corrupted to Narnaul.[2]
History
[edit]
Vedic period
[edit]During the mahabharta period, the Nara Rashtra, on the Hastinapur to Chambal route, was conquered by the youngest Pandava brother Sahdev.[2]
Narnaul is built on a prominent tell, but the tell has never been excavated so the site's earliest history is unknown.[3] The Muslim invader Shah Wilayat came to Narnaul in 1137 CE with sword and jewels (bribes), and he was killed here by the native Nuniwal in the battle — over half a century before the Muslim conquest of Delhi.[2][3] The dargah built for him has a coffered roof similar to early monuments at Ajmer and Bayana and may have been built during this early period.[3] Some architecture from the time of the Delhi Sultanate survives in Narnaul; the earlier phases are mostly concentrated in and around the dargah complex of Shah Wilayat, while many buildings from the Lodi dynasty are found both in Narnaul itself and on the road to Delhi.[3] These buildings are typically undated.[3]
Medieval period
[edit]During medieval period, the native Nuniwal Kshatriyas ruled the area. In 1137 CE, foreign-origin Muslim invader Hazrat Turkman, also known as Shah Wilayat, was killed by the native Nuniwal.[2]
Narnaul is likely the birthplace of the emperor Sher Shah Suri's grandfather Ibrahim Khan Suri; his family is known to have had ties here for multiple generations before him.[3] After his defeat of Humayun in 1540, Sher Shah built a monumental tomb for his grandfather, Ibrahim Khan Suri, inside the dargah complex at Narnaul.[3] This tomb is built in the Lodi architectural style.[3] Later buildings from the Mughal Empire include the Jal Mahal and the octagonal tomb of Shah Quli Khan.[3] An ornate haveli, the Chhata Rai Bal Mukund Das, reflects the "Bengali" architectural style that was spread to northern India at the time of Shah Jahan and was later popular under the Rao Kings of Ahirwal.[3]
Maratha Ahir period
[edit]In the 1700s, Narnaul variously came under Maratha and Ahir clans control.[3] The Muslim Nawab of Narnaul took part in the Indian Rebellion of 1857 and, after its suppression, the British confiscated his lands and gave them to the Maharaja of Patiala, who had sided with them during the war.[3]
British raj
[edit]Battle of Narnaul
[edit]
The Battle of Narnaul (also called Battle of Nasibpur) was fought on 16 November 1857, between the British Raj and Aheer forces during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.[4] In 1857, Aheer leader Pran Sukh Yadav of Behror along with Rao Tula Ram, the King of Rewari and Rao Dhan Singh of Charkhi Dadri fought with the British at Nasibpur village near Narnaul. The battle was one of the most ferocious battles of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. [citation needed]
During the Battle of Narnaul at Nasibpur on 16 November 1857, British lost 2000 British soldiers and their commanders Colonel Gerrard and Captain Wallace, 5000 British soldiers and officers Captain Craige, Captain Kennedy and Captain Pearse were wounded[citation needed]. Colonel Gerrard died after getting mortally wounded in a military engagement against Rao Kishan Singh.[5] [6][failed verification] [4][failed verification] When Pran Sukh Yadav took aim at the Colonel Gerrard wearing a red coat whose rest of the soldiers were in khaki uniform, he missed his aim the first time but hit it right the second time and Colonel Gerard was killed in Narnaul.[7] Now mostly population are of Ahirs.[5]
Rao Krishan Gopal, from Nangal Pathani village of Gurgaon district was the Kotwal of Meerut, who had played a prominent part in collaboration with Raja Nahar Singh of Ballabhgarh State, Nawab of Jhajjar, and Khanzada Rajput Raja Salamat Khan of Mewat, by organising the patriotic forces and participating in several battles against the British troops. He and his younger brother, Rao Ram Lal, were killed in this battle of Nasibpur.[8]
Monuments
[edit]Forts
[edit]
- Nivajpur Fort, built by Mughal jagirdar Nivaj Ali at Nivajpur village 10 km from Narnaul, has 3 ft wide and 20 ft high stone walls. It had a system of wells, warehouses, stables and a 42 ft wide gateway, all of which now lie in ruins.[9]
- Islampur Fort, situated in the fields on a hillock between two villages Islampura and Sareli, has enclosing walls.[10] It lies in northwest forested corner of Islampura, 20 km south of Narnaul bus stand and 17 km west of Nangal Chaudhary. In 2025, Haryana government announced a INR 95 crore restoration plan for upgrade of 20 monuments across the state including the Islampur Fort.[11]
Stepwells and waterbodies
[edit]
- Nagpurian Baoli or Mirza Alijan baoli, an 18th-century three tier stepwell next to the Chotta Bada Talab and Shiv Temple, is a protected archaeological monument which was built by the local people of trading community who had migrated to Nagpur.[12]
- Baba Kheta Nath Baoli, at the campus of Baba Kheta Nath Government Polytechnic College.[11]
- Mukundpura Baoli, 10 km south of Narnaul in Mukundpura.[11]
- Jal Mahal in southern suburbs of Narnaul.[11] Fifteen years after building his tomb, Shah Quli Khan began constructing the Jal Mahal palace for himself in 1588-89 AD..[13] The palace was built in the middle of an artificial lake, and is adorned with art and carvings. One such carving was done in such a way as to praise Shah Quli Khan's victory over Hemu.[14]
- Shobha Sarovar, south of Narnaul on Narnaul-Behror Road.[11]
- Dhosi Hill: velconic hill and ashram of vedic period rishis, such as Chyavana Rishi who formulated Chyavanprash.[15][16]
Other monuments
[edit]
- Chatta Rai Balmukund Das (Birbal ka Chatta),[11] built by the Diwan of Narnaul during the reign of Shah Jahan, is a five-storey building with several halls and pillars.
- Chor Gumbad[11], located on NH-11 west of and adjacent to Government ITI in Narnaul, this square shaped double-storied single chamber with four minarets at each corner, was constructed by an Afghan Jamal Khan as his tomb during the rule of Firuz Shah Tughlaq (1351-88 CE).[17]
- Tomb and mosque of Peer Turkman,[11] 12th century foreign-origin Turkmen Muslim invader known as Hazrat Turkman and Shah Wilayat, was killed in 1137 CE by the native Hindu Nuniwal people of Narnaul.[2] His tomb is built in Tughluq architectural style.
- Tomb of Ibrahim Shah Suri (died 1567-68) of Sur Empire, situated close to the tomb of Pir Turkman. Sher Shah Suri in the memory of his grandfather, who was a ruler of Bengal. The tomb was designed and built by the Sher Shah’s architect, Sheikh Ahmad Niyazi.
- Shah Quli Khan's Tomb, 16th century the governor of Narnaul Shah Quli Khan during the reign of Akbar, is built in Mughal architecture in Narnaul. Shah Quli Khan commissioned the two-storeyed octagonal tomb on a raised plinth with black and yellow marble and red sandstone during his lifetime. During the pivotal Second Battle of Panipat in 1556, Shah Quli fought against and wounded last Hindu King of Delhi Hemu.[14]
- Islam Quli Khan's tomb, Islam Quli Khan was a brother of Shah Quli Khan. Islam Quli Khan's brock tomb is situated at a small distance northeast of Shah Quli Khan's Tomb.
- Tripolia Gateway,[11] lies west of Shah Quli Khan's Tomb.
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Geography
[edit]Narnaul is located at 28°02′N 76°07′E / 28.04°N 76.11°E.[18] It has an average elevation of 300 meters (977 feet). The district is rich in mineral resources such as iron ore, copper ore, beryl, tourmaline, muscovite, biotite, albite, calcite, and quartz.
Climate
[edit]In winters, the temperature can reach a low of 3 °C. In summer the highest temperature is 48.5 °C, on 28 May 2024.
| Climate data for Narnaul (1991–2020, extremes 1965–present) | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 30.6 (87.1) |
35.0 (95.0) |
41.0 (105.8) |
44.0 (111.2) |
48.5 (119.3) |
48.4 (119.1) |
45.0 (113.0) |
43.0 (109.4) |
41.0 (105.8) |
40.5 (104.9) |
37.6 (99.7) |
30.6 (87.1) |
48.5 (119.3) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 20.5 (68.9) |
24.3 (75.7) |
31.2 (88.2) |
37.8 (100.0) |
41.5 (106.7) |
41.5 (106.7) |
36.8 (98.2) |
34.3 (93.7) |
35.3 (95.5) |
33.6 (92.5) |
29.6 (85.3) |
24.0 (75.2) |
32.4 (90.3) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 5.3 (41.5) |
8.2 (46.8) |
13.2 (55.8) |
19.7 (67.5) |
24.6 (76.3) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.5 (77.9) |
25.4 (77.7) |
23.5 (74.3) |
17.3 (63.1) |
12.0 (53.6) |
6.9 (44.4) |
16.6 (61.9) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 0.0 (32.0) |
0.1 (32.2) |
2.0 (35.6) |
9.8 (49.6) |
11.5 (52.7) |
11.0 (51.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
18.6 (65.5) |
14.3 (57.7) |
9.3 (48.7) |
0.1 (32.2) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
−0.9 (30.4) |
| Average rainfall mm (inches) | 13.6 (0.54) |
15.3 (0.60) |
5.1 (0.20) |
5.8 (0.23) |
35.2 (1.39) |
54.7 (2.15) |
151.8 (5.98) |
138.0 (5.43) |
52.3 (2.06) |
10.9 (0.43) |
4.4 (0.17) |
4.0 (0.16) |
491.0 (19.33) |
| Average rainy days | 0.7 | 1.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 2.2 | 3.1 | 5.5 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 23.5 |
| Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST) | 58 | 58 | 40 | 36 | 43 | 47 | 62 | 74 | 61 | 62 | 56 | 61 | 55 |
| Source: India Meteorological Department[19][20][21] | |||||||||||||
Demographics
[edit]As of 2001[update] India census, Narnaul had a population of 74,581. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Narnaul has an average literacy rate of 68%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 76%, and female literacy is 58%. Narnaul having more than 70% majority as Rao Sahab also called Yadavs. In Narnaul, 14% of the population is under 6 years of age.[22]
Hindi, Haryanvi and Ahirwati are the languages majorly spoken in Narnaul.
Schools in Narnaul
[edit]- Mata Mariam Jan Seva Vidyalaya
- Suraj international school
- Eureka Public School
- Yaduvanshi Shiksha Niketan
- Haryana Public School
- C L PUBLIC SCHOOL
- RPS Public School
- Junior DPS, Narnaul
- GOVT MODEL SANSKRITI SR. SEC. SCHOOL
- ABC Montessori Narnaul
- AMERICAN KIDZ PLAY SCHOOl
- SBM SR SEC SCHOOL
- Adarsh Bal Mandir ABM Sr Sec School
- M.J.R.P High school Subhash Nagar
- Saini Sr. Sec.school Narnaul
- M.L.S DAV Public School Narnaul
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Haryanvi". Ethnologue. Retrieved 8 February 2020.
- ^ a b c d e Monuments & Sites in Haryana, Archaeological Survey Of India, page 35.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Burton-Page, J. (1993). "NĀRNAWL". In Bosworth, C.E.; van Donzel, E.; Heinrichs, W.P.; Pellat, Ch. (eds.). The Encyclopaedia of Islam, Vol. VII (MIF-NAZ). Leiden: Brill. pp. 965–6. ISBN 90-04-09419-9. Retrieved 21 December 2022.
- ^ a b Dr Malti Malik, History of India, p. 356.
- ^ a b "Tribune India". 3 December 2007. Retrieved 12 October 2014.
- ^ "The Central India Campaign". Archived from the original on 4 April 2006. Retrieved 20 August 2018.
- ^ "Product Details". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016.
- ^ 1981, Haryana Review, Volume 15, p. 29.
- ^ Sohan Singh Khattar and Reena Kar, 2021, Know Your State Haryana, Arihant Publications, pp 308.
- ^ Fortress of Islampur, Haryana Tourism, accessed 17 Oct 2025.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i 20 protected heritage sites to be restored, beautified in state, The Tribune, 19 Sept 2025.
- ^ 18th-century Nagpurian Baoli in Narnaul now a protected monument, The Tribune, 10 Aug 2025.
- ^ Alexander Mikaberidze, (2011). Conflict and Conquest in the Islamic World a Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO. p. 707. ISBN 9781598843378.
- ^ a b Asher, Catherine B. (24 September 1992). Architecture of Mughal India. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521267281.
- ^ Manu Smriti, Translated by Pt. Tulsi Ram Swami, published by 'Sarvdeshic Arya Sabha' New Delhi, Chapter 2, Shalok No. 17, page 74.
- ^ Bhargava, Sudhir (20–22 November 2009). Location of Brahmavarta and Drishadwati river is important to find earliest alignment of Saraswati river. Saraswati river – a perspective. organised by: Saraswati Nadi Shodh Sansthan, Haryana. Kurukshetra: Kurukshetra University. pp. 114–117
- ^ Chor Gumbad, Haryana Tourism, accessed 17 Oct 2025.
- ^ "Maps, Weather, and Airports for Narnaul, India". www.fallingrain.com.
- ^ "Climatological Tables of Observatories in India 1991-2020" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
- ^ "Station: Narnaul Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 541–542. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M66. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2020.
- ^ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2011 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
External links
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