Caseodus
| Caseodus Temporal range: Carboniferous - Early Triassic?
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| Holotype of Caseodus basalis | |
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| Life reconstruction of Caseodus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Order: | †Eugeneodontiformes |
| Family: | †Caseodontidae |
| Genus: | †Caseodus Zangerl, 1981 |
| Type species | |
| Orodus basalis (Cope, 1894) | |
| Species[1] | |
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Caseodus is an extinct genus of eugeneodont from the Carboniferous of what is now the Midwestern United States,[2] and potentially the Early Triassic of what is now British Columbia, Canada.[3] The genus contains two Carboniferous species, C. basalis and C. eatoni, which are differentiated by the anatomy of their teeth but are otherwise identical.[2][4] A third species, C. varidentis, is known from the Early Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation,[3] but due to its wildly different skull and tooth morphology it is questionable if it belongs in the genus.[5] The genus name is in honor of paleoichthyologist Gerard Case,[2] and the type species was originally placed in the genus Orodus.[4][6]
All species in the genus grew to approximately 1–1.5 m (3.3–4.9 ft) in length.[2][3][4] The Carboniferous species had upper jaws which supported teeth and a row of fused teeth (termed a tooth-whorl) along the midline of the lower jaw.[2][5] The Triassic species entirely lacked upper jaws and had an elongated projection, termed a rostrum, which extended from the lower jaw and supported the lower tooth-whorl.[5] Caseodus varidentis (if included in the genus) is one of the few eugeneodontid genera that survived the end-Permian mass extinction event, and is one of the last surviving genera of this clade.[3]
References
[edit]- ^ Cimimurri, D.J; Fahrenbach, M.D. (2002). "Chondrichthyes from the upper part of the Minnelusa Formation (Middle Pennsylvanian: Desmoinesian), Meade County, South Dakota" (PDF). Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science. 81.
- ^ a b c d e R., Zangerl (1981). Handbook of paleoichthyology. Vol. 3A. Chondrichthyes I (Paleozoic elasmobranchii). Gustav Fischer. ISBN 3-437-30337-6. OCLC 1116152115.
- ^ a b c d Mutter R.J., Neuman A.G. (2008): New eugeneodontid sharks from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of Western Canada. In: Fishes and the Break-up of Pangaea. Cavin L, Longbottom A, Richter M, editors. Geol Soc London Spec Publ 295: 941
- ^ a b c Ginter, Michał; Hampe, Oliver; Duffin, Christopher J. (2010). Handbook of paleoichthyology: teeth. München: F. Pfeil. p. 118. ISBN 978-3-89937-116-1.
- ^ a b c Mutter, Raoul J.; Neuman, Andrew G. (2008-06-10). "Jaws and dentition in an Early Triassic, 3-dimensionally preserved eugeneodontid skull (Chondrichthyes)". Acta Geologica Polonica. 58 (2): 223–227.
- ^ Cope, E. D. (1894). New and little known Paleozoic and Mesozoic fishes. Vol. ser.2:v.9 (1884-1895). Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. pp. 427–448.
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