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Java platform editions

Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE is Oracle's enterprise Java computing platform. The platform provides an API and runtime environment for developing and running enterprise software, including network and web services, and other large-scale, multi-tiered, scalable, reliable, and secure network applications. Java EE extends the Java Platform, Standard Edition (Java SE),[1] providing an API for object-relational mapping, distributed and multi-tier architectures, and web services. The platform incorporates a design based largely on modular components running on an application server. Software for Java EE is primarily developed in the Java programming language. The platform emphasizes Convention over configuration [2] and annotations for configuration. Optionally XML can be used to override annotations or to deviate from the platform defaults.

Version history

Main article: Java EE version history

The platform was known as Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition or J2EE until the name was changed to Java Platform, Enterprise Edition or Java EE in version 5. The current version is called Java EE 7.

  • J2EE 1.2 (December 12, 1999)
  • J2EE 1.3 (September 24, 2001)
  • J2EE 1.4 (November 11, 2003)
  • Java EE 5 (May 11, 2006)
  • Java EE 6 (Dec 10, 2009)
  • Java EE 7 (May 28, 2013,[3] but April 5, 2013 according to spec document. June 12, 2013 was the planned kickoff date[4])

Standards and specifications

Java EE is defined by its specification. As with other Java Community Process specifications, providers must meet certain conformance requirements in order to declare their products as Java EE compliant.

Java EE includes several API specifications, such as JDBC, RMI, e-mail, JMS, web services, XML, etc., and defines how to coordinate them. Java EE also features some specifications unique to Java EE for components. These include Enterprise JavaBeans, Connectors, servlets, JavaServer Pages and several web service technologies. This allows developers to create enterprise applications that are portable and scalable, and that integrate with legacy technologies. A Java EE application server can handle transactions, security, scalability, concurrency and management of the components it is deploying, in order to enable developers to concentrate more on the business logic of the components rather than on infrastructure and integration tasks.

General APIs

The Java EE APIs includes several technologies that extend the functionality of the base Java SE APIs.


Java EE Specifications [1]

Most of the other Java EE specifications have project pages here as well:

Servlets

Servlet 3.1 JSR 340[2]

javax.servlet.*

  • Optimize the PaaS model for Web applications.
  • Multi tenancy for security, session, resources, etc.
  • Asynchronous IO based on NIO2
  • Simplfiied asynchronous Servlets
  • Utilize Java EE concurrency utilities
  • Enable support for WebSockets

The servlet specification defines a set of APIs to service mainly HTTP requests. It includes the JavaServer Pages (JSP) specification.

Enterprise JavaBeans

EJB 3.2 JSR 345[3]

javax.ejb.*

  • Enhancements to the EJB architecture to enable PaaS, such as multi-tenancy
  • Factorization of container-managed transactions to use outside EJB
  • Further use of annotations
  • Alilgnment and integration with other specifications in the platform

The Enterprise JavaBean (EJB) specification defines a set of lightweight APIs that an object container (the EJB container) will support in order to provide transactions (using JTA), remote procedure calls (using RMI or RMI-IIOP), concurrency control, dependency injection and access control for business objects. This package contains the Enterprise JavaBeans classes and interfaces that define the contracts between the enterprise bean and its clients and between the enterprise bean and the ejb container.

Java Persistence API

JPA 2.1 JSR 338[4]

javax.persistence.*

  • Support for multi-tenancy
  • Support for stored procedures and vendor function
  • Update and Delete Critieria queries
  • Support for schema generation
  • Persistence Context synchronisation
  • CDI injection into listeners

This package contains the classes and interfaces that define the contracts between a persistence provider and the managed classes and the clients of the Java Persistence API (JPA).

JAX-RS

JAX-RS 2.0 JSR 339[5]

  • Client API - low level using builder pattern and possibly a higher level on top of that
  • Hypermedia - easily create and process links associated with resources
  • Form or Query parameter validation using Bean Validation
  • Closer integration with @Inject, etc
  • Server-side asynchronous request processing
  • Server-side content negotiation using "qs"

Java Server Faces

JSF 2.2 JSR 344[6]

javax.faces.*

  • Ease of Development - making configuration options dynamic, make cc:interface in composite components optional, shorthand URLs for Facelet tag libraries, integration with CDI, OSGi support for JSF artifacts
  • Support implementation of Portlet Bridge 2.0 (JSR 329)
  • Support for HTML5 features like HTML5 Forms, Metadata, Heading and Section content model
  • Flow management, Listener for page navigation events, and new components like FileUpload and BackButton

This package defines the root of the JavaServer Faces (JSF) API. JSF is a technology for constructing user interfaces out of components.

javax.faces.component.*

This package defines the component part of the JavaServer Faces (JSF) API. Since JSF is primarily component oriented, this is one of the core packages. The package overview contains a UML diagram of the component hierarchy.

Java Message Server

JMS 2.0 JSR 343[7] javax.jms.*

  • Ease of development - changes to the JMS programming model to make the application development simpler and easier
  • Remove/Clarify ambiguities in the existing specification
  • Integration with CDI
  • Clarification of the relationship between JMS and other Java EE specs
  • A new mandatory API to allow any JMS provider to be integrated with any Java EE container
  • Multi-tenancy and other cloud-related features from the platform

This package defines the Java Message Service (JMS) API. The JMS API provides a common way for Java programs to create, send, receive and read an enterprise messaging system's messages.

Expression Language

EL 3.0 JSR 341[8]

javax.el.*

  • Separate ELContext into parsing and evaluation contexts
  • Customizable EL coercion rules
  • Reference static methods and members directly in EL expressions
  • Adding operators like equality, string concatenation, and sizeof etc.
  • Integration with CDI such as generating events before/during/after the expressions are evaluated

This package defines the classes and interfaces for Java EE's Expression Language. The Expression Language (EL) is a simple language originally designed to satisfy the specific needs of web application developers. It's used specifically in JSF to bind components to (backing) beans and in CDI to name beans, but can be used throughout the entire platform.

JSON Processing

JSR 353[9]

  • Produce and consume JSON text in a streaming fashion, similar to StAX API for XML
  • Build a Java object model for JSON text using API classes, similar to DOM API for XML

Web Socket API

[10]

javax.websocket.*

The Java API for WebSocket specification defines a set of APIs to service WebSocket connections.

Concurrency Utilities for Java EE

JSR 236[11]

javax.enterprise.concurrent.*

  • Provides a clean, simple, independent API by building on JSR 166, making it appropriate for use within any Java EE contianer.

This package provides the interfaces for interacting directly with Java EE's platform default managed thread pool. A higher-level executor service working on this same thread pool can be used optionally. The same interfaces can be used for user-defined managed thread pools, but this relies on vendor specific configuration and is not covered by the Java EE specification.

CDI

CDI 1.1 JSR 346[12]

  • Global ordering of interceptors and decorators
  • API for managing built-in contexts
  • Embedded mode to allow startup outside Java EE container
  • Declarative control over which packages/beans are scanned in an archive
  • Injection for static members such as loggers
  • Send Servlet events as CDI event

javax.enterprise.inject.*

These packages define the injection annotations for the contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) APIs.

javax.enterprise.context.*

These packages define the context annotations and interfaces for the Contexts and Dependency Injection (CDI) API.

JCache

JCache JSR 107[13]

javax.cache.*

API and semantics for temporary, in-memory caching of Java objects, including object creation, shared access, spooling, invalidation, and consistency across JVMs

Bean Validation

Bean Validation 1.1 JSR 349[14]

javax.validation.*

  • Integration with other Java EE specs
    • JAX-RS: Validate parameters and return values on HTTP calls
    • JAXB: Convert constraints into XML schema descriptor
  • Method level validation
  • Apply constraints on group collection
  • Extend the model to support AND and OR style composition

This package contains the annotations and interfaces for the declarative validation support offered by the Bean Validation API. Bean Validation provides a unified way to provide constraints on beans (e.g. JPA model classes) that can be enforced cross-layer. In Java EE, JPA honors bean validation constraints in the persistence layer, while JSF does so in the view layer.

Batch Application for the Java Platform

Batch JSR 352[15]

javax.batch.api.*

  • Programming model for batch applications and a runtime for scheduling and executing jobs
  • Defines Batch Job, Batch Job Step, Batch Application, Batch Executor, and Batch Job Manager for the standard programming model

This package defines the entry AP for Java EE Batch Applications. The Batch Applications API provides the means to run long running background tasks that possibly involve a large volume of data and which may need to be periodically executed.

Java Transaction API

JTA 1.2 JSR 907

javax.transaction.*

This package provides the Java Transaction API (JTA) that contains the interfaces and annotations to interact with the transaction support offered by Java EE. Even though this API abstracts from the really low-level details, the interfaces are also considered somewhat low-level and the average application developer in Java EE is either assumed to be relying on transparent handling of transactions by the higher level EJB abstractions, or using the annotations provided by this API in combination with CDI managed beans.

JASPIC

javax.security.auth.message.*

This package provides the core of the Java Authentication SPI (JASPIC) that contains the interfaces and classes to build authentication modules for secure Java EE applications. Authentication modules are responsible for the interaction dialog with a user (e.g. redirecting to a Form or to an OpenID provider), verifying the user's input (e.g. by doing an LDAP lookup, database query or contacting the OpenID provider with a token) and retrieving a set of groups/roles that the authenticated user is in or has (e.g. by again doing an LDAP lookup or database query).

Java EE Connector Architecture

JCA 1.7 JSR 322

javax.resource.*

This package defines the Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) API. Java EE Connector Architecture (JCA) is a Java-based technology solution for connecting application servers and enterprise information systems (EIS) as part of enterprise application integration (EAI) solutions. This is a low-level API aimed at vendors that the average application developer typically does not come in contact with.

JavaServer Pages

JSP 2.3 JSR 245

Standard Tag Library for JavaServer Pages

JSTL 1.2 JSR 52

Dependency Injection for Java

DI 1.0 JSR 330

Common Annotations for the Java Platform

Common Annotations 1.2 JSR 250

JavaMail

JavaMail 1.5 JSR 919

Interceptors

Interceptors 1.2 JSR 318

(Maintenance Release covered under JSR 318)

Management

XML

Implementing Enterprise Web Services 1.3 JSR 109

Java API for XML-Based Web Services (JAX-WS) 2.2 JSR 224

Web Services Metadata for the Java Platform JSR 181

Java API for XML-Based RPC (JAX-RPC) 1.1 (Optional) JSR 101

Java APIs for XML Messaging 1.3 JSR 67

Java API for XML Registries (JAXR) 1.0 JSR 93

Certified application servers

App Server Java EE 7 certified - Full Java EE 7 certified - Web Java EE 6 certified - Full
Official Oracle page for Java EE Compatibility. 		Java EE 6 certified - Web Java EE 5 certified J2EE 1.4 certified Licensing
GlassFish server Open Source Edition Yes v4.0 [5] Yes v3.x and upward[6] Yes v3.x Web Profile Yes v2.1.x[6] Free software
Oracle GlassFish Server Yes v3[7] based on the open source GlassFish application server Yes Sun Java System Application Server v9.0 Yes Sun Java System Application Server v8.2 Proprietary software
Oracle WebLogic Server Yes v12c[8] Yes v10.3.5.0 Yes v9 Proprietary software
JBoss Application Server No v8.0/wildfly in development [9][10][11] Yes v7.1[12] Yes v6.0 [16] and v7.0 [17] Yes v5.1[13][14] Yes v4.x Free software
JBoss Enterprise Application Platform Yes v6.0 [15] Yes v5 Source is Free software
IBM WebSphere Application Server Yes v8[16] Yes v7 Yes Proprietary software
IBM WebSphere Application Server Liberty Yes v8.5.5 [17] Proprietary software
IBM WebSphere Application Server Community Edition Yes v3.0[18] Yes v2.1 Proprietary software
Apache Geronimo Yes v3.0-beta-1 [18][19] Yes v2.0 Yes v1.0 Free software
TmaxSoft JEUS Yes v8 [20] [21] [22] Yes v7[23][24] Yes v6 Yes v5 Proprietary software
Fujitsu Interstage Application Server[25] Yes v1[26] Yes Proprietary software
NEC WebOTX Yes [27] Yes Proprietary software
Caucho Resin Server Yes v4.0.[28] Yes Proprietary software
Apache TomEE[29][30] Yes Free software
OW2 JOnAS Yes v5.3 rc1 [31] Yes Yes Free software
SAP NetWeaver Yes v2.x [32] Yes Yes Proprietary software
Oracle Containers for Java EE Yes Proprietary software
Oracle iPlanet Web Server Yes Sun Java System Web Server Proprietary software
Oracle Application Server 10g Yes Proprietary software
Pramati Server Yes v5.0 Proprietary software
Trifork T4 Yes Proprietary software
Sybase Enterprise Application Server [33] Yes Proprietary software

Differences between implementations

Although by definition all Java EE implementations provide the same base level of technologies (namely, the Java EE spec and the associated APIs), they can differ considerably with respect to extra features (like connectors, clustering, fault tolerance, high availability, security, etc.), installed size, memory footprint, startup time, etc.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Differences between Java EE and Java SE - Your First Cup: An Introduction to the Java EE Platform". Docs.oracle.com. 2012-04-01. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  2. ^ http://jdevelopment.nl/minimal-3tier-java-ee-app-xml-config
  3. ^ http://jcp.org/en/jsr/detail?id=342
  4. ^ https://blogs.oracle.com/java/entry/introducing_java_ee_7
  5. ^ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/community/testedconfiguration-glassfish4-0-1957654.html
  6. ^ a b https://glassfish.dev.java.net/public/comparing_v2_and_v3.html
  7. ^ "Java EE Compatibility". Java.sun.com. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  8. ^ http://wcc.on24.com/event/37/57/27/rt/1/documents/player_docanchr_3/weblogic12c_launch_tech_webinar_v8.pdf
  9. ^ wildfly.org/about/#compliant
  10. ^ https://issues.jboss.org/browse/WFLY-469
  11. ^ http://lists.jboss.org/pipermail/wildfly-dev/2013-May/000062.html
  12. ^ "JBoss AS 7.1.0.Final "Thunder" released - Java EE 6 Full Profile certified! | My Wiki | Planet JBoss Community". Planet.jboss.org. 2012-02-17. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  13. ^ Java EE Compatibility
  14. ^ JBoss AS is now EE5 certified
  15. ^ Business Wire (2012-06-20). "Red Hat Launches JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 6 to Help Enterprises Move Application Development and Deployment to the Cloud". Business Wire. Retrieved 2012-07-18. {{cite web}}: |author= has generic name (help)
  16. ^ "What's new in WebSphere Application Server V8". Ibm.com. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  17. ^ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/community/ibm-javaee6-web-tested-configs-1961333.html
  18. ^ "IBM WebSphere Application Server Community Edition - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia". En.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  19. ^ "Apache Geronimo fully certified for Java EE 6 - The H Open: News and Features". H-online.com. 2011-11-14. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  20. ^ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/community/tmax-jeus-8-tested-configuration-1995477.html
  21. ^ http://tmaxsoft.com/product/jeus/certification
  22. ^ https://blogs.oracle.com/theaquarium/entry/tmaxsoft_jeus_8_now_java
  23. ^ "Tested Configurations, Java EE 6 - TMAX JEUS 7". Oracle.com. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  24. ^ "Java EE6 Web Application Server, WAS Software". Us.tmaxsoft.com. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  25. ^ Fujitsu Interstage Application Server powered by Windows Azure
  26. ^ "Tested Configurations, Java EE6 - Fujitsu Interstage". Oracle.com. 2010-09-07. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  27. ^ http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javaee/community/nec-webotx-v9x-certification-2002719.html
  28. ^ http://www.caucho.com/articles/Caucho_Web%20Profile%20JavaEE6_whitepaper_byRR.pdf
  29. ^ "Apache TomEE". Openejb.apache.org. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  30. ^ "MarketWatch.com". MarketWatch.com. Retrieved 2012-07-18.
  31. ^ http://jonas.ow2.org/xwiki/bin/view/Blog/JOnAS+530+RC1+released
  32. ^ https://blogs.oracle.com/theaquarium/entry/sap_netweaver_cloud_java_ee
  33. ^ EAServer
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