Haswell (microarchitecture)
| General information | |
|---|---|
| Launched | 2013 |
| Cache | |
| L1 cache | 64 KB per core |
| L2 cache | 256 KB per core |
| L3 cache | 2 MB to 8 MB shared |
| L4 cache | 128MB |
| Architecture and classification | |
| Instructions | MMX, AES-NI, CLMUL, FMA3 |
| Extensions | |
| Physical specifications | |
| Transistors |
|
| Cores |
|
| Sockets | |
| Products, models, variants | |
| Models |
|
| History | |
| Predecessors | Sandy Bridge (tock) Ivy Bridge (tick) |
| Successors | Broadwell (tick) Skylake (tock) |
Haswell (formerly known as Rockwell) is the codename for a processor microarchitecture developed by Intel's Oregon team as the successor to the Ivy Bridge architecture.[1] It uses the 22 nm process.[2] Intel officially announced CPUs with this microarchitecture on June 4, 2013 at Computex Taipei 2013.[3] With Haswell, Intel introduced a low-power processor designed for convertible or 'hybrid' Ultrabooks, having the Y suffix. Intel demonstrated a working Haswell chip at the 2011 Intel Developer Forum.[4]
Haswell CPUs are used in conjunction with the Intel 8 Series chipsets.
Design
The Haswell architecture is specifically designed[5] to optimize the power savings and performance benefits from the move to FinFET transistors on the improved 22 nm process node.[6]
Haswell is expected to launch in three major forms:[7]
- Desktop version (LGA1150 socket): Haswell-DT
- Mobile/Laptop version (PGA socket): Haswell-MB
- BGA version:
- 47 W and 57 W TDP classes: Haswell-H (For "All-in-one" systems, Mini-ITX form factor motherboards, and other small footprint formats.)
- 13.5 W and 15 W TDP classes (MCP): Haswell-ULT (For Intel's UltraBook platform.)
- 10 W TDP class (SoC): Haswell-ULX (For tablets and certain UltraBook-class implementations.)
Notes
- ULT = Ultra Low TDP; ULX = Ultra Low eXtreme TDP.
- Only certain BGA versions will receive GT3 (Intel HD 5000, Intel Iris 5100), or GT3e (Intel Iris Pro 5200) integrated graphics. All other models will get GT2 (Intel HD 4X00) integrated graphics. See also Intel HD Graphics for detailed specifications.
- Due to low power requirements of tablet and UltraBook platforms, Haswell-ULT and Haswell-ULX will only be available in dual-core. All other versions will be available in dual- or quad-core variants.
Performance
Compared to Ivy Bridge:
- Approximately 8% better vector processing performance.[8]
- 6% IPC (instructions per clock) increase.
- up to 6% faster single-threaded performance.
- 6% faster multi-threaded performance.
- Haswell is around 10–15 °C hotter than Ivy Bridge when overclocked and does not seem to break the 4.4–4.5 GHz mark nearly as easily.
- Haswell draws around 30 W more under load than Ivy Bridge.[8]
- A 6% increase in sequential CPU performance (eight execution ports per core versus six).[8]
- Up to 20% performance increase over the integrated HD4000 GPU (Haswell HD4600 vs Ivy Bridge's built-in Intel HD4000).[8]
- Total performance improvement on average is about 3%[8]
Technology
Features carried over from Ivy Bridge
- A 22 nm manufacturing process.
- 3D tri-gate transistors.
- A 14-stage pipeline (since the Core microarchitecture).[9]
- Mainstream up to quad-core.[10]
- Native support for dual channel DDR3.[11]
- 64 KB (32 KB Instruction + 32 KB Data) L1 cache and 256 KB L2 cache per core.[12]
Confirmed new features
- Wider Core: 4th ALU, 3rd AGU, 2nd Branch prediction unit, deeper buffers, higher cache bandwidth, improved front-end.
- Haswell New Instructions (HNI, includes Advanced Vector Extensions 2 (AVX2), gather, BMI1, BMI2, and FMA3 support).[13]
- New sockets – LGA 1150 for desktops and rPGA947 & BGA1364 for the mobile market.[14]
- New socket – LGA 2011-3 for the Enthusiast-Class Desktop Platform Haswell-E.[15]
- Intel Transactional Synchronization Extensions (TSX).[16]
- Graphics support in hardware for Direct3D 11.1 and OpenGL 4.0.[17]
- DDR4 for the enterprise/server variant (Haswell-EX).[18]
- DDR4 for the Enthusiast-Class Desktop Platform Haswell-E.[19]
- Variable Base clock (BClk)[20] like LGA 2011.[21]
- Fully integrated voltage regulator, thereby moving a component from the motherboard onto the CPU.[22]
- New advanced power-saving system.
- 37, 47, 57 W thermal design power (TDP) mobile processors.[10]
- 35, 45, 65, 84, 95 and 130-140w (high-end, Haswell-E) TDP desktop processors.[10]
- 15 W TDP processors for the Ultrabook platform (multi-chip package like Westmere)[23] leading to reduced heat which results in thinner as well as lighter Ultrabooks, but performance level will be lower than the 17W version.[24]
- Shrink PCH[25] from 65 nm to 32 nm.
Expected features
- Server Haswell-EP up to 15 cores and Haswell-EX up to 16-20 cores.
- A new cache design.
- Up to 35 MB unified cache LLC (Last Level Cache).[26]
- Support for Thunderbolt technology.[27]
- There will be four versions of the integrated GPU: GT1, GT2, GT3 and GT3e. SemiAccurate, however says that the GT3 will have 40 EUs[28] with an accompanying 64 MB cache on an interposer.[29] An additional source, AnandTech, agrees that GT3 will have 40 EUs, and states there will be a version with up to 128 MB of embedded DRAM, but makes no mention of an interposer.[30][31] Haswell's predecessor, Ivy Bridge, has a maximum of 16 EUs.
Rumour
| Cache | Page Size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Name | Level | 4 KB | 2 MB | 1 GB |
| DTLB | 1st | 64 | 32 | 4 |
| ITLB | 1st | 128 | 8/logical core | none |
| STLB | 2nd | 1024 | none | |
List of Haswell processors
Desktop processors
- All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3, F16C, BMI1 (Bit Manipulation Instructions1), BMI2, Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST), Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Intel VT-x, Intel VT-d, Hyper-Threading, Turbo Boost 2.0, AES-NI, Smart Cache.
- Transistors: 1.4 billion
- Die size: 177 mm²
- R-series desktop processors feature Intel Iris Pro 5200 graphics (GT3e),[36] all other currently known i3, i5 and i7 desktop processors include Intel HD 4600 graphics (GT2).,[37] with the exceptions of 4130 and 4130T. Pentium processors will support Intel HD Graphics (GT1).
- Parts below 45xx as well as R and K parts do not support TSX, Trusted Execution Technology, or Vpro. Additionally, none of the K parts support VT-d.[38] Quad core i5 parts do not support Hyper-threading.
List of upcoming desktop processors as follows:
| Target segment |
Cores (Threads) |
Processor Branding & Model |
CPU Clock rate | Graphics Clock rate | L3 Cache |
TDP | Release Date |
Release price (USD) |
Motherboard | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Turbo | Normal | Turbo | Socket | Interface | Memory | ||||||||
| Performance | 4 (8) | Core i7 | 4771 | 3.5 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 350 MHz[39] | 1200 MHz | 8 MB | 84 W | September 1, 2013 | $ | LGA 1150 |
DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0∗ |
Up to dual channel DDR3-1600[40] |
| 4770K | 1250 MHz | June 2, 2013[41] | $327 | |||||||||||
| 4770 | 3.4 GHz | 1200 MHz | $292 | |||||||||||
| 4770S | 3.1 GHz | 65 W | $285 | |||||||||||
| 4770R | 3.2 GHz | 200 MHz | 1300 MHz | 6 MB | $ | BGA | ||||||||
| 4770T | 2.5 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 350 MHz[39] | 1200 MHz | 8 MB | 45 W | $303 | LGA 1150 | ||||||
| 4765T | 2.0 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 35 W | $303 | ||||||||||
| Mainstream | 4 (4) | Core i5 | 4670K | 3.4 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 6 MB | 84 W | $227 | ||||||
| 4670 | $209 | |||||||||||||
| 4670S | 3.1 GHz | 65 W | $213 | |||||||||||
| 4670R | 3.0 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 200 MHz | 1300 MHz | 4 MB | $ | BGA | |||||||
| 4670T | 2.3 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 350 MHz[39] | 1200 MHz | 6 MB | 45 W | $213 | LGA 1150 | ||||||
| 4570 | 3.2 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 1150 MHz | 84 W | $189 | |||||||||
| 4570S | 2.9 GHz | 65 W | $182 | |||||||||||
| 4570R | 2.7 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 200 MHz | 4 MB | $ | BGA | ||||||||
| 2 (4) | 4570T | 2.9 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 35 W | $192 | LGA 1150 | ||||||||
| 4 (4) | 4440 | 3.1 GHz | 3.3 GHz | 350 MHz[39] | 1100 MHz | 6 MB | 84 W | September 1, 2013 | $ | |||||
| 4440S | 2.8 GHz | 65 W | $ | |||||||||||
| 4430 | 3.0 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 84 W | June 2, 2013[41] | $182 | |||||||||
| 4430S | 2.7 GHz | 65 W | $182 | |||||||||||
| 2 (4) | Core i3 | 4340 | 3.6 GHz | — | 1150 MHz | 4 MB | 54 W | September 1, 2013 | $ | |||||
| 4330 | 3.5 GHz | $ | ||||||||||||
| 4330T | 3.0 GHz | 35 W | $ | |||||||||||
| 4130 | 3.4 GHz | 3 MB | 54 W | $ | ||||||||||
| 4130T | 2.9 GHz | 35 W | $ | |||||||||||
| 2 (2) | Pentium | G3430 | 3.3 GHz | 1100 MHz | 54 W | $ | ||||||||
| G3420 | 3.2 GHz | $ | ||||||||||||
| G3420T | 2.7 GHz | 35 W | $ | |||||||||||
| G3220 | 3.0 GHz | 54 W | $ | |||||||||||
| G3220T | 2.6 GHz | 35 W | $ | |||||||||||
∗ Requires a compatible motherboard
Suffixes to denote:
- K - Unlocked (adjustable CPU multiplier up to 63 bins)
- S - Performance-optimized lifestyle (low power with 65 W TDP)
- T - Power-optimized lifestyle (ultra low power with 35–45 W TDP)
- R - BGA packaging / High performance GPU (currently Iris Pro 5200 (GT3e))
- P - No on-die video chipset
Server processors
- All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX (Advanced Vector Extensions), AVX2, FMA3, F16C, BMI (Bit Manipulation Instructions 1), BMI2, Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST), Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), TXT, Intel vPro, Intel VT-x, Intel VT-d, Hyper-threading (except E3-1220 v3 and E3-1225 v3), Turbo Boost 2.0, AES-NI, Smart Cache, TSX.
List of upcoming server processors as follows:
| Target segment |
Cores (Threads) |
Processor Branding & Model |
GPU Model | CPU Clock rate | Graphics Clock rate | L3 Cache |
TDP | Release Date |
Release price (USD) tray / box |
Motherboard | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal | Turbo | Normal | Turbo | Socket | Interface | Memory | |||||||||
| Server | 4 (8) | Xeon E3 | 1285v3 | HD P4600 (GT2) | 3.6 GHz | 4.0 GHz | 350 MHz | 1.3 GHz | 8 MB | 84 W | June 2, 2013 | $662 / — | LGA 1150 |
DMI 2.0 PCIe 3.0∗ |
up to dual channel DDR3-1600 w/ ECC |
| 1285Lv3 | 3.1 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 350 MHz | 1.25 GHz | 65 W | $774 / — | |||||||||
| 1280v3 | — | 3.6 GHz | 4.0 GHz | — | 82 W | $612 / — | |||||||||
| 1275v3 | HD P4600 (GT2) | 3.5 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 350 MHz | 1.25 GHz | 84 W | $339 / $350 | ||||||||
| 1270v3 | — | — | 80 W | $328 / — | |||||||||||
| 1265Lv3 | HD (GT1) | 2.5 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 350 MHz | 1.2 GHz | 45 W | $294 / — | ||||||||
| 1245v3 | HD P4600 (GT2) | 3.4 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 350 MHz | 1.2 GHz | 84 W | $276 / $287 | ||||||||
| 1240v3 | — | — | 80 W | $262 / $273 | |||||||||||
| 1230v3 | 3.3 GHz | 3.7 GHz | $240 / $250 | ||||||||||||
| 1230Lv3 | 1.8 GHz | 2.8 GHz | 25 W | $250 / — | |||||||||||
| 4 (4) | 1225v3 | HD P4600 (GT2) | 3.2 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 350 MHz | 1.2 GHz | 84 W | $213 / $224 | |||||||
| 1220v3 | — | 3.1 GHz | 3.5 GHz | — | 80 W | $193 / — | |||||||||
| 2 (4) | 1220Lv3 | 1.6 GHz | 2.3 GHz | 4 MB | 16 W | $ | |||||||||
∗ Requires a compatible motherboard
Suffixes to denote:
- L - Low power
Mobile processors
- All models support: MMX, SSE, SSE2, SSE3, SSSE3, SSE4.1, SSE4.2, AVX, AVX2, FMA3,F16C,BMI1(Bit Manipulation Instructions1),BMI2,Enhanced Intel SpeedStep Technology (EIST),Intel VT-x,Intel 64, XD bit (an NX bit implementation), Turbo Boost 2.0, AES-NI, Smart Cache
List of upcoming mobile processors as follows:
| Target segment |
Cores (Threads) |
Processor Branding & Model |
GPU Model | Programmable TDP[42] | CPU Turbo | Graphics Clock rate | L3 Cache |
L4 Cache |
Release Date |
Price (USD) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SDP[43] | cTDP down | Nominal TDP | cTDP up | 1-core | Normal | Turbo | |||||||||
| Performance | 4 (8) | Core i7 | 4930MX | HD 4600 (GT2) | — | ? | 57W/ 3.0 GHz | 65W/ 3.7 GHz | 3.9 GHz | 400 MHz | 1350 MHz | 8 MB | — | 2013-05-27[44] | $1096 |
| 4950HQ | Iris Pro 5200 (GT3e) | — | 47W/ 2.4 GHz | 55W/ 3.4 GHz | 3.6 GHz | 200 MHz | 1300 MHz | 6 MB | 128 MB[45] | Q3 2013[46] | $657 | ||||
| 4900MQ | HD 4600 (GT2) | 47W/ 2.8 GHz | 55W/ 3.6 GHz | 3.8 GHz | 400 MHz | 8 MB | — | 2013-05-27[44] | $570 | ||||||
| 4850HQ | Iris Pro 5200 (GT3e) | 47W/ 2.3 GHz | 55W/ 3.3 GHz | 3.5 GHz | 200 MHz | 6 MB | 128 MB | Q3 2013[46] | $468 | ||||||
| 4800MQ | HD 4600 (GT2) | 47W/ 2.7 GHz | 55W/ 3.5 GHz | 3.7 GHz | 400 MHz | — | 2013-05-27[44] | $380 | |||||||
| 4750HQ | Iris Pro 5200 (GT3e) | 47W/ 2.0 GHz | 55W/ 3.0 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 200 MHz | 1200 MHz | 128 MB | Q3 2013[46] | OEM | ||||||
| 4702MQ | HD 4600 (GT2) | 37W/ 2.2 GHz | 45W/ 2.9 GHz | 3.2 GHz | 400 MHz | 1150 MHz | — | 2013-05-27[44] | OEM | ||||||
| 4702HQ | 2013-05-27[44] | OEM | |||||||||||||
| 4700MQ | 47W/ 2.4 GHz | 55W/ 3.2 GHz | 3.4 GHz | 2013-05-27[44] | OEM | ||||||||||
| 4700HQ | 1200 MHz | 2013-05-27[44] | OEM | ||||||||||||
| Mainstream | 2 (4) | 4650U | HD 5000 (GT3) | 11.5W/ 800 MHz | 15W/ 1.7 GHz | — | 3.3 GHz | 200 MHz | 1100 MHz | 4 MB | Q3 2013 | $454 | |||
| 4558U | Iris 5100 (GT3) | 23W/ 800 MHz | 28W/ 2.8 GHz | 1200 MHz | |||||||||||
| 4550U | HD 5000 (GT3) | 11.5W/ 800 MHz | 15W/ 1.5 GHz | 3.0 GHz | 1100 MHz | ||||||||||
| 4500U | HD 4400 (GT2) | 15W/ 1.8 GHz | 25W/ ? | $398 | |||||||||||
| Core i5 | 4350U | HD 5000 (GT3) | 15W/ 1.4 GHz | — | 2.9 GHz | 3 MB | $342 | ||||||||
| 4288U | Iris 5100 (GT3) | 23W/ 800 MHz | 28W/ 2.6 GHz | 3.1 GHz | 1200 MHz | ||||||||||
| 4258U | 28W/ 2.4 GHz | 2.9 GHz | 1100 MHz | ||||||||||||
| 4250U | HD 5000 (GT3) | 11.5W/ 800 MHz | 15W/ 1.3 GHz | 2.6 GHz | 1000 MHz | ||||||||||
| 4200U | HD 4400 (GT2) | 15W/ 1.6 GHz | 25W/ ? | $287 | |||||||||||
| 4200Y | HD 4200 (GT2) | 6W/ 800 MHz | 9.5W/ 800 MHz | 11.5W/ 1.4 GHz | — | 1.9 GHz | 850 MHz | $304 | |||||||
| Core i3 | 4158U | Iris 5100 (GT3) | — | 23W/ 800 MHz | 28W/ 2.0 GHz | — | 1100 MHz | $342 | |||||||
| 4100U | HD 4400 (GT2) | 11.5W/ 800 MHz | 15W/ 1.8 GHz | 1000 MHz | $287 | ||||||||||
| 4010U | 15W/ 1.7 GHz | ||||||||||||||
| 4010Y | HD 4200 (GT2) | 6W/ 800 MHz | 9.5W/ 800 MHz | 11.5W/ 1.3 GHz | 850 MHz | $304 | |||||||||
Suffixes to denote:
- M - Mobile processor
- Q - Quad-core
- U - Ultra-low power
- X - 'Extreme'
- Y - Extreme-low power
- H - BGA1364 packaging
Roadmap
The Skylake microarchitecture will be the successor to the Haswell and Broadwell architectures.
See also
References
- ^ "Intel Developer Forum". Intel.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "Google Translate". Translate.google.ca. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ Moorhead, Patrick (4 June 2013). "Intel's Newest Core Processors: All About Graphics And Low Power".
- ^ Crothers, Brooke (2011-09-14). "Haswell chip completes Ultrabook 'revolution'". News.cnet.com. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ Shrout, Ryan. "IDF 2012: Intel Haswell Architecture Revealed". PC Perspective.
- ^ IDF: Intel says Haswell won't use Ivy Bridge transistors- The Inquirer
- ^ Intel Haswell and Broadwell Silicon Variants Detailed | techPowerUp
- ^ a b c d e Shvets, Gennadiy (9 July 2013). "Intel Core i5-3570K vs i5-4670K". Retrieved 23 July 2013.
- ^ "In 2013, will MacBook Air grab power from the Sun?" (blog). Computer World. 2011-09-16. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ a b c "Intel 2013 Haswell CPUs Get Detailed in Series of Leaked Slides". Softpedia. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "Haswell" (slide). Intel. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
- ^ "Intel Haswell Architecture Disclosure: Live Blog" (blog).
01:58PM - Same sizes L1/L2 caches as SNB/IVB
- ^ "Haswell new instruction descriptions now available". Intel. 2011-06-13. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ "Mainstream desktop CPUs future evolution — more performance or just more integration? by". VR Zone. 2011-11-06. Retrieved 2012-01-04.
- ^ http://www.legitreviews.com/news/15686/
- ^ "Transactional Synchronization in Haswell". Intel. 2012-02-07. Retrieved 2012-02-07.
- ^ "Intel Haswell Architecture Slides - IDF 2012". AnandTech. 2012-09-11.
- ^ "Haswell" (slide). Intel. Retrieved 2012-02-15.
- ^ http://www.guru3d.com/news_story/intel_roadmap_shows_haswell_ehaswell_refresh_and_skylake.html
- ^ Intel to Officially Enable Better Overclocking in Haswell
- ^ Intel Haswell Processors to Further Improve Overclocking.
- ^ Intel Haswell (JPEG), File connect
- ^ Intel's power-efficient Haswell processor targets thinner laptops with new 10-watt TDP | The Verge
- ^ Intel's power-efficient Haswell processor targets thinner laptops with new 10-watt TDP
- ^ Intel migrates to desktop Multi-Chip Modules (MCMs) with 14nm Broadwell
- ^ Untitled Photograph.
- ^ Intel Haswell (JPEG), File connect
- ^ "Haswell is a graphics monster". Semi Accurate.
- ^ Haswell’s GPU prowess is due to Crystalwell | SemiAccurate
- ^ AnandTech - The Intel Ivy Bridge (Core i7 3770K) Review
- ^ AnandTech - Intel's Haswell Architecture Analyzed: Building a New PC and a New Intel
- ^ Futurology: Haswell-EP will have 14 cores and 35MB L3 | Tech News Pedia
- ^ Haswell-EP to use the same socket, just totally different | SemiAccurate
- ^ Intel's Haswell CPU Microarchitecture
- ^ Intel's Haswell CPU Microarchitecture
- ^ "Intel Haswell R-series CPU Lineup Leaked". http://chinese.vr-zone.com/. Retrieved 2013-04-05.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ "Intel Haswell CPU Lineup Leaked, Core i7-4770K Flagship Fourth Generation Processor". http://wccftech.com/. Retrieved 2013-04-01.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ "Intel Comparison Table of Haswell i5 and i7 models". http://www.intel.com/. Retrieved 2013-06-08.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ a b c d "4th Generation Intel® Core™ i5 Processors (Desktop)". Retrieved 2013-06-02.
- ^ "Intel® Core™ i7-3770K Processor (8M Cache, up to 3.90 GHz)". Ark.intel.com. Retrieved 2012-05-25.
- ^ a b "Intel Core i5, i7 Haswell Processors to be Released in June". Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "4th Generation Core i Mobile Datasheet vol 1, page 68-72". http://www.intel.com/. Retrieved 2013-07-12.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ "The technical details behind Intel's 7 watt Ivy Bridge CPUs". http://arstechnica.com/. Retrieved 2013-01-14.
{{cite web}}: External link in|publisher= - ^ a b c d e f g "Specifications of Intel's Mobile Haswell CPUs Leaked". Retrieved 2013-02-05.
- ^ "Intel Iris Pro 5200 Graphics Review: Core i7-4950HQ Tested". Anandtech. 2013-06-01. Retrieved 2013-06-03.
- ^ a b c "Intel to launch Core i7-4850HQ and i7-4950HQ CPUs in Q3 2013". Cpu-world.com. 2013-03-26. Retrieved 2013-05-17.
External links
- "Intel Haswell Architecture Disclosure: Live Blog". Anandtech. September 11, 2012.
- "4th Generation of Core Microarchitecture: Intel Haswell". X-bit labs. September 12, 2012.
- "Intel Core "Haswell" Desktop Processor Box Pricing Compiled". Techpowerup. April 23, 2013.
- "XtremeSystems OC Examples". Charles Wirth. June 1, 2013.
- "Intel Core i7-4770K CPU Review. Intel Haswell for Desktops: Ruin of Our Hopes?". X-bit labs. June 1, 2013.