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Beloit College

2015-01-22T15:16:51Z

Wtwilson3: Proper name. (via AWB script)

{{Infobox university
|name = Beloit College
|image = [[Image:Beloit seal.jpg]]
|caption=Seal of Beloit College
|motto = Scientia Vera Cum Fide Pura
|mottoeng = True knowledge with pure faith
|mascot = Buccaneer (official), Turtle (unofficial)
|colors=Blue and Gold            
|established = 1846
|type = [[Private school|Private]] [[liberal arts college]]
|affiliation = [[United Church of Christ]] (historically related)
|president = [[Scott Bierman]]
|city = {{flagicon|USA}} [[Beloit, Wisconsin|Beloit]]
|state = [[Wisconsin|Wis.]]
|country = [[United States|USA]]
|campus = {{convert|65|acre|ha|1}}
|undergrad = 1,300
|faculty = 94
|endowment = US$130.7 million<ref>As of May 31, 2014. {{cite web | title = Beloit College Financial Statements| work = Fiscal Year 2014 | publisher = Beloit College | url = https://www.beloit.edu/vp_finance/assets/BeloitCollege_2014_Financial_Statement.pdf| format = PDF | accessdate = December 7, 2014}}</ref>
|website = [http://www.beloit.edu/ www.beloit.edu]
}}

'''Beloit College''' is a private [[liberal arts]] [[college]] in [[Beloit, Wisconsin]], founded in 1846 by a [[Yale University]] graduate, Aaron Lucius Chapin. It is a member of the [[Associated Colleges of the Midwest]], and has an enrollment of roughly 1,300 [[undergraduate]] students. Beloit is the oldest continuously operated college in Wisconsin, and has the oldest building of any college northwest of [[Chicago]] in continuous academic use.<ref>http://www.beloit.edu/about/history</ref>

Beloit gained national attention after its inclusion in Loren Pope's book, ''[[Colleges That Change Lives]]'', which distinguishes schools having two essential elements: "A familial sense of communal enterprise that gets students heavily involved in cooperative rather than competitive learning, and a faculty of scholars devoted to helping young people develop their powers, mentors who often become their valued friends".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ctcl.org/ |title=Colleges That Change Lives | Changing Lives, One Student at a Time |publisher=Ctcl.org |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

==Founding==
Beloit College was founded by the group Friends for Education, which was started by seven pioneers from [[New England]] who, soon after their arrival in [[Wisconsin Territory]], agreed that a college needed to be established. The group raised funds for a college in their new town and convinced the territorial [[legislature]] to enact the charter for Beloit College on February 2, 1846. The first building (then called Middle College) was built in 1847, and it remains in operation today. Classes began in the fall of 1847, with the first degrees awarded in 1851.

==History==
The first president of Beloit was a [[Yale University]] graduate, [[Aaron Lucius Chapin]], who served as president from December 1849 until 1886.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beloit.edu/archives/history/presidents/aaron_chapin |title=Archives: Aaron Lucius Chapin |publisher=Beloit College |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

Although independent today, Beloit College was historically, though unofficially, associated with the [[Congregational church|Congregationalist]] tradition.<ref>{{Wayback |url=http://www.ucc.org/education/school/college.htm |title= |date=20070109214558 }}</ref>

The college remained very small for almost its entire first century with enrollment topping 1,000 students only with the influx of [[World War II]] veterans in 1945–1946. The "Beloit Plan", a year-round curriculum introduced in 1964, comprising three full terms and a "field term" of off-campus study, brought the college national attention.{{Citation needed|date=August 2007}} The trustees decided to return to the two semester program in 1978.

One of the campus Indian mounds, in the shape of a [[turtle]], inspired Beloit's symbol.

It is located within the [[Near East Side Historic District]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.beloithistoricdistricts.org/wordpress/east-side-historic-district/ |title=Near East Side Historic District |publisher=BeloitHistoricDistricts.org |accessdate=2013-06-01}}</ref>

==Academics==
Beloit College's curriculum retains many aspects of the Beloit Plan from the 1960s, emphasizing experiential learning, learner agency, and reflective connection-making between out-of-classroom and in-classroom learning experiences, or "the liberal arts in practice." Academic strengths include field-oriented disciplines such as anthropology and geology. More Beloit graduates have earned Ph.D.s in anthropology than graduates of any other undergraduate liberal arts college not affiliated with a university,<ref>{{Wayback |url=http://www.beloit.edu/~logan/pdf/newsletters/Logan%20Letter%20v4%20n2.pdf |title= |date=20080625012236 }}</ref> and the school ranks among the top twenty American liberal arts colleges whose graduates go on to earn a Ph.D. in general.<ref>
{{cite web
| title = Best Colleges 2012
| work =
| publisher = U.S. News & World Report
| year = 2012
| url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/beloit-college-3835
| accessdate = 20 Jan 2012}}</ref> The geology department continues a tradition in geology that began with [[Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin|T. C. Chamberlin]] more than a century ago. Today the department combines a course load with mandatory field methods and research. The department is a member of the [[Keck Geology Consortium]], a research collaboration of several similar colleges across the United States, including [[Amherst College]], [[Pomona College]], and [[Washington and Lee University]]. The Consortium sends undergraduate students worldwide to research and publish their findings.
[[File:Logan Museum of Anthropology, Beloit College.jpg|left|thumb|275px|The Logan Museum of Anthropology]]
In 2011, Beloit was ranked both 55 overall and a "Best Value" in the category of National Liberal Arts Colleges by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', and it ranked 125 of the top 600 schools by ''[[Forbes]]'' in 2010.<ref>
{{cite web
| title = Best Colleges 2011
| work =
| publisher = U.S. News & World Report
| year = 2010
| url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/liberal-arts-best-values
| accessdate = 21 Aug 2010| archiveurl= //web.archive.org/web/20100810075311/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/liberal-arts-best-values| archivedate= 10 August 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| title = Best Colleges 2011
| work =
| publisher = U.S. News & World Report
| year = 2010
| url = http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/beloit-wi/beloit-college-3835
| accessdate = 21 Aug 2010| archiveurl= //web.archive.org/web/20100808171254/http://colleges.usnews.rankingsandreviews.com/best-colleges/beloit-wi/beloit-college-3835| archivedate= 8 August 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref>
<ref>
{{cite web
| title = America's Best College-Forbes.com
| publisher = Forbes.com
| year = 2010
| url = http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/94/best-colleges-10_Beloit-College_950098.html
| accessdate = 13 Aug 2010| archiveurl= //web.archive.org/web/20100814160406/http://www.forbes.com/lists/2010/94/best-colleges-10_Beloit-College_950098.html| archivedate= 14 August 2010 | deadurl= no}}</ref> In the 2006 college rankings by ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', Beloit was shortlisted for "Study Abroad" (56% of students participate) and "First-Year Initiative".{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}} The 1999 National Study of Student Engagement ranked Beloit in the top 20% of five benchmark categories measuring the quality of the student experience, one of just four schools to achieve this ranking.{{Citation needed|date=August 2010}}

One of the more unique developments at Beloit is that it found a way to "put the earning back in learning" as described in ''Treasure Schools College Gems Guidebook''. Long before today's conversations about the relevance of liberal arts in a technology-driven economy began, Dr. Jerry Gustafson (Beloit '63) created the Center for Entrepreneurship in Liberal Education at Beloit (CELEB) to provide hands-on opportunities for Beloiters to hone their entrepreneurial skills in both business and the arts. Jeff Timmons, one of the real pioneers and deans of entrepreneurship at Babson Institute, often referred to Dr. Gustafson as having started the first such program in this country at a liberal arts college. Whether selling art from its in-house gallery, recording music at Maple Tree Studio, producing a broadcast at BATV or founding a micro-business in the Coleman New Venture Lab, CELEB is a place of action. Large numbers of Beloiters are animated by CELEB's offerings and college leadership is committed to the key role entrepreneurship training plays in a liberal arts environment. Brian Morello (Beloit '85) has recently taken the reins as Director of CELEB and has already distinguished himself as a superb leader to guide the program into the future as it teaches entrepreneurship by promoting its practice.

[[File:Middle College of Beloit College.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Middle College]]

The college long hosted the ''Beloit Poetry Journal'', but the editor, Professor Emerita Marion K. Stocking, now deceased, had retired to Maine and operated the journal from there. In 1985 the complementary ''Beloit Fiction Journal'' began, publishing an annual collection of short contemporary fiction every year since. The establishment of the Mackey Chair in Creative Writing has brought a new nationally-known author to campus annually for several years, including [[Billy Collins]], [[Bei Dao]], [[Ursula K. Le Guin]], [[Amy Hempel]], [[Denise Levertov]], and [[Robert Stone (novelist)|Robert Stone]]. Beloit biology faculty member, John Jungck, along with Nils S. Peterson, CEO of From the Heart Software, co-founded and run the BioQUEST,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bioquest.org/index.php |title=BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium | Community Resources for Problem Solving in Biology |publisher=Bioquest.org |date=2012-05-15 |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> and Brock Spencer maintains ChemLinks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://chemlinks.beloit.edu/ |title=Welcome to the Chem Connections Homepage |publisher=Chemlinks.beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> Both are special-interest groups on the reform of science education. Beloit has had a faculty and student exchange program with [[Fudan University]] in [[China]] since the 1980s.

Psychology is one of the most popular majors at Beloit.{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}} The Psychology Department started with Guy Allen Tawney, a student of [[Wilhelm Wundt]], who taught from 1897 to 1906. A study abroad program to [[Morocco]] and [[Estonia]] is targeted at psychology majors (although any student may apply for the program), where they engage in cross-cultural studies.

Beloit College completed a {{convert|120000|sqft|m2|abbr=on}} Center for the Sciences in the fall of 2008. The building was designed to achieve a minimum Silver Level LEED ([[Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design]]) green building certification and was ultimately awarded platinum level certification. It also won a Design Excellence Honor Award in Interior Architecture from the Chicago chapter of the American Institute of Architects (AIA) on October 30, 2009.

In the fall of 2010, Beloit College opened the Hendricks Center for the Arts, a {{convert|58,000|sqft|m2|adj=on}} structure that holds dance, music and theater facilities. The building previously held the Beloit Post Office and later the Beloit Public Library. The renovation and expansion of the facility is the largest single gift in the college's history. The building is named after [[Diane Hendricks]], chair of [[ABC Supply]] of Beloit, and her late husband and former college trustee Ken Hendricks.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/giving/news/?story_id=267648 |title=Giving: Giving News: Hendricks Center to Give New Life to Former Beloit Public Library |publisher=Beloit.edu |date=2009-06-24 |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> "The architects and designers, who worked closely with a group of faculty and staff to identify needs and priorities, stayed true to the building’s history throughout the project. Original support beams, exposed brick walls, and vintage terrazzo tile floors are juxtaposed with four new studio classrooms, a state-of-the art film classroom, faculty offices, and design and staging labs." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/belmag/belmag_wp/?p=1367 |title=Hendricks Center Nearly Ready for Debut | Beloit College Magazine |publisher=Beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

In 2011 Beloit College received the Senator Paul Simon Award for Comprehensive Campus Internationalization. In its award statement, NAFSA, the Association of International Educators, noted: "Internationalization efforts at Beloit College in Wisconsin are centered on its long-standing institutional commitment to international education and its urban setting, as the school’s programs reach out to cities in transition around the world." <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nafsa.org/PressRoom/PressRelease.aspx?id=25550 |title=Press Room | Eight U.S. Colleges Receive Awards for Campus Internationalization Efforts(2) |publisher=NAFSA |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

<gallery>


</gallery>

Since 2010, the Beloit College Philosophy Department has hosted prominent, well-known philosophers through the Selzer Visiting Philosopher Series. In 2010, [[Martha Nussbaum]] visited. In 2011, [[Daniel Dennett]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/philo/selzer/ |title=Philosophy: Selzer Visiting Philosopher |publisher=Beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

==Student life==
Beloit students are offered a wide variety of housing options, ranging from specific substance-free dormitories to "Special Interest" houses, such as the Art, Spanish, Outdoor Environmental Club (OEC), Interfaith options, and, on a trial basis through 2012, [[gender-neutral housing]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/reslife/housingoptions/specialinterest/ |title=Residential Life: Special Interest Houses |publisher=Beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> Beloit has a student congress (BSC), and in the 2008 elections 275 students (approximately 20% of the student body) voted.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://belcon.beloit.edu/news.php?parent=10 | title=News Archive | date=November 13, 2008 | accessdate=October 27, 2010}}</ref> A wide variety of student clubs bring visitors (musicians, artists, poets) to campus frequently. While Beloit adheres to Wisconsin state law, which states that the legal drinking age is 21, strict no-alcohol policies found on many other college campuses are not present at Beloit. Resident Assistants, employed by the Residential Life office, help to maintain campus safety and encourage responsible behavior.

[[File:Eaton Chapel.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Eaton Chapel]]
Beloit College has a [[Flying disk|frisbee]] golf course contained almost entirely within the grounds of the college. This course has undergone many changes with the expansion of dormitories and additions to the grounds, such as the construction of Mauer Link, which drastically changed the course.

In April 2006, Beloit College students broke the world record for the longest game of Ultimate Frisbee by playing for over 72 hours.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/2006/sioncampus/05/18/beloit.ultimate/index.html | work=CNN | title=Beloit students break record with 72-hour game | date=May 19, 2006 | accessdate=April 26, 2010}}</ref>

The Beloit College campus is known for its diversity. In 2011, Beloit College won the Senator Paul Simon Award for campus internationalization.<ref>[http://www.nafsa.org/_/File/_/itc2011.pdf (pg.8)]</ref> 48 states are represented at Beloit and Approximately 11% of the student body is from countries outside of the United States.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/prospective/fastfacts/ |title=Prospective Students: Fast Facts |publisher=Beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> In addition, about half of all Beloit College students study abroad in places such as China, Russia, Brazil, Germany, India, Spain and many others. Each year, any student who would like to has the opportunity to share his/her experiences abroad through an event called International Symposium Day, which is a day when all classes are cancelled so that everyone can attend the presentations.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/oie/international_education/symposium/ |title=Office of International Education: International Symposium |publisher=Beloit.edu |date=2009-08-26 |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

Two Beloit campus museums open to the public are run by college staff and students. The [[Logan Museum of Anthropology]] and the [[Wright Museum of Art]] were both founded in the late nineteenth century. The Logan Museum, accredited by the [[American Alliance of Museums]], curates over 300,000 ethnographic and archaeological objects from 125 countries and over 600 cultural groups. The Wright Museum's holdings of over 8,000 objects include a large collection of original prints and Asian art. Both museums feature temporary special exhibitions year round. The Beloit College campus also houses two sculptures by artist [[Siah Armajani]], his "Gazebo for One Anarchist: [[Emma Goldman]] 1991" and "The Beloit College Poetry Garden."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/museums/publicart/publicsculpt.htm |title=Beloit College Public Sculpture |publisher=Beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref> The campus has numerous prehistoric [[Tumulus#U.S.A.|Indian mound]]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.beloit.edu/belmag/03fall/03fall_features/03fall_mounds.html |title=Beloit College Magazine |publisher=Beloit.edu |date= |accessdate=2012-05-20}}</ref>

Since 1998, the college has produced the annual "[[Beloit College Mindset List|Mindset List]]," written by Professor Tom McBride, summarizing pop culture references that are allegedly meaningless to incoming college [[Freshman|freshmen]].

==Athletics==
Beloit College is a member of the [[Midwest Conference]] in all sports with the exception of lacrosse, NCAA in Division III and fields varsity teams in football, baseball, softball, volleyball, men's and women's swimming, men's and women's basketball, men's and women's cross country, women's tennis, men's and women's track and field, men's and women's lacrosse, and men's and women's soccer. The school also had a competitive rowing team sponsored by club funds and alumni support.
The current head coach for the Beloit Buccaneer Football Team is Seth Duerr.

==Notable alumni==
{{Refimprove section|date=February 2010}}
:''See also [[:Category:Beloit College alumni]]''
[[File:Pearsons Hall.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pearsons Hall of Science|Pearsons Hall]]]]
[[File:The Middle College.jpg|thumb|right|The Middle College]]

* [[Roy Chapman Andrews]], naturalist, explorer, and director of the [[American Museum of Natural History]]
* [[James Arness]], actor
* [[Fred Ascani]], [[U.S. Air Force]] Major General
* [[Brandon Bartkowiak]], geologist and logistician for Shell Exploration and Production Company
* [[Ginger Beaumont]], MLB player, the first player to bat in the [[World Series]]
* [[James Arnold Blaisdell]], 1899, the third president of Pomona College (1910–1927), founder and “Head Fellow” of the Claremont Colleges (1927–1935).
* [[Don Bolles]], investigative journalist
* [[Ron Bontemps]], [[Olympic Games|Olympic]] gold medalist
* [[Robert A. Buethe]], Surgeon General of the [[U.S. Air Force]]
* [[Derek Carrier]], NFL player for the San Francisco 49ers
* [[Lucien B. Caswell]], U.S. Representative
* [[Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin]], geologist, professor, University of Wisconsin president, museum director
* [[Mush Crawford]], [[NFL]] player
* [[Jay Norwood "Ding" Darling]], editorial cartoonist and conservationist
* [[Mike Davis (boat builder)|Mike Davis]], [[anthropologist]], [[archeologist]], and boat builder.
* [[Adolph Dubs]], American Ambassador murdered in Afghanistan (1978–1979)
* [[William Eich]], former chief judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
* [[Clarence Ellis (computer scientist)|Clarence Ellis]], computer scientist (first African-American Ph.D. in the field)
* [[John E. Erickson (Wisconsin politician)|John E. Erickson]], basketball coach, general manager, U.S. Senate candidate
* [[Chris Fleming]], TV host, paranormal investigator
* [[Robyn Gabel]], member of Illinois House of Representatives
* [[Janine P. Geske]], Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
* [[Stephen Glosecki]]<ref name="obit">{{cite news|url=http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/sj-r/obituary.aspx?n=stephen-o-glosecki&pid=87081136#sthash.vV3P5psS.dpuf|title=Stephen O. Glosecki Obituary|date=7 April 2007|work=[[The State Journal-Register]]|accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref>
* [[Red Grammer]], Grammy nominated singer-songwriter
* [[Ansley Gray]], Wisconsin State Assemblyman
* [[Suzanne K. Hale]], American ambassador
* [[Pat Kilbane]], comedic actor
* [[Christina Kramer]], professor of Slavic and Balkan languages
* [[Kerwin Mathews]], actor
* [[Jack McAuliffe (American football)|Jack McAuliffe]], NFL player
* [[Amby McConnell]], MLB player
* [[Walt McGaw]], [[NFL]] player
* [[William H. McMaster]], Governor of South Dakota (1921–1925), and U.S. Senator
* [[Tommy Mills]], football, basketball, baseball coach
* [[Mark Moffett]], entomologist
* [[Robert Lee Morris]], jewelry designer
* [[Gordon Myse]], Judge of the Wisconsin Court of Appeals
* [[Lorine Niedecker]], poet
* [[Barbara Notestein]], Wisconsin State Assemblywoman
* [[Jameson Parker]], actor
* [[Arthur H. Parmelee]], football coach and physician
* [[Walter Parr|Walter Robinson Parr]], Chicago pastor
* [[John Pasquin]], Emmy-nominated television and film director
* [[George Perring]], MLB player
* [[Pid Purdy]], [[NFL]] player
* [[Alfred S. Regnery]], American conservative lawyer, author and former publisher.
* [[Elmer Rhenstrom]], [[NFL]] player
* [[Rollin D. Salisbury]], geologist
* [[John Sall]], one of the four founders of SAS Institute
* [[John S. Samuel]], U.S. Air Force Major General
* [[Zeke Sanborn]], Olympic gold medalist
* [[Arthur Henderson Smith]], missionary and advocate for Chinese higher education
* [[Rex Smith (American football)|Rex Smith]], NFL player
* [[Luke Somers]], photojournalist hostage killed during rescue attempt<ref>[http://host.madison.com/news/beloit-college-grad-threatened-by-yemen-s-al-qaida-in/article_3135cbe7-31fd-526f-99b6-0e20719d7eab.html?comment_form=true Beloit College grad threatened by Yemen's al-Qaida in new video], Wsj.com; accessed December 6, 2014.</ref>
* [[Tully Sparks]], MLB player
* [[James Strong (college president)|James Woodward Strong]], first president of Carleton College
* [[Robert C. Strong]], U.S. diplomat
* [[Julia Suits]], cartoonist
* [[John Thorn]], sports historian
* [[Peter Tufo]], American Ambassador (1997–2001)
* [[John D. Wickhem]], Justice of the Wisconsin Supreme Court
* [[Willard Wirtz]], U.S. Secretary of Labor (1962–1969)
* [[Charles W. Woodford]], Illinois Treasurer
* [[Charles Winter Wood]], actor, orator, Professor at Tuskegee Institute
* [[Amy Wright]], actress
* [[James Zwerg]], civil rights activist
* [[Eric McHenry]], poet

==Prominent faculty==
* [[Scott Bierman]], economist
* [[Bei Dao]], poet
* David Boffa, Art History
* [[Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin]], Founder of the [[Journal of Geology]]
* [[Arthur M. Chickering]], arachnologist
* [[Merle Curti]], [[Pulitzer Prize]] recipient
* [[Robert O. Fink]], papyrologist
* [[Crawford Gates]], musician
* [[George Ellery Hale]], astronomer
* [[Edward Hoagland]], author
* [[Henry Bradford Nason]], chemist
* [[Lou B. ("Bink") Noll]], poet
* [[Roc Ordman]], nutrition and biochemistry
* [[John Ostrom]], paleontologist
* [[Scott Sanders (novelist)|Scott Sanders]], author
* [[Miles P. Squire]], minister
* [[Robley Wilson]], poet
* [[John Wyatt (translator)|John Wyatt]], translator, humanist

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.beloit.edu/ Beloit College official website]
* [http://www.beloit.edu/bucs/ Beloit College official athletics website]
* [http://www.beloit.edu/mindset/ Mindset Lists]

{{Colleges and universities in Wisconsin}}
{{Midwest Conference navbox}}
{{Oberlin Group}}
{{CLAC}}
{{Associated Colleges of the Midwest}}
{{WAICU}}

{{Coord missing|Wisconsin}}

[[Category:Beloit College| ]]
[[Category:Associated Colleges of the Midwest]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Beloit, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Education in Rock County, Wisconsin]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1846]]
[[Category:Liberal arts colleges]]
[[Category:Midwest Conference]]
[[Category:North Central Association of Colleges and Schools]]
[[Category:Universities and colleges in Wisconsin]]

Razorfish

2014-10-24T14:01:18Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by 216.99.15.253 (talk): Removal of properly vetted content. (TW)

{{advert|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Razorfish
| logo = [[File:Razorfish logo 2013.png|250px|razorfish logo]]
| former type = [[Public company|Public]]
| type = [[Subsidiary]]
| traded_as = {{NASDAQ was|RAZF}} (1999-2003)
| foundation = [[New York, New York|New York]], [[New York]] {{Start date|1995}}
| founder = {{ubl|Craig Kanarick|Jeff Dachis}}
| predecessor = {{ubl|Razorfish Inc.|SBI Razorfish|Avenue A {{!}} Razorfish}}
| area_served = Worldwide
| key_people = {{ubl|Pete Stein (Global Chief Executive Officer)|Stephan Beringer (Chief Growth and Strategy Officer)|Ray Velez (Global Chief Technlogy Officer)|Daniel Bonner (Global Chief Creative Officer)|William Lidstone (Global Chief Marketing Officer)|Tim Perlstein (Global Chief Strategy Officer)|Shannon Denton (CEO, North America)|Michael Karg (CEO, International)|Rishad Tobaccowala (Chairman)}}
| industry = [[Digital marketing]]
| services = {{ubl|Web Development|Media Planning and Buying|Technology and Innovation|Emerging Media|Analytics|Mobile|Advertising Creative|Social Influence Marketing|Search}}
| num_employees = 2,000+
| parent = [[Publicis Groupe]]
| url = {{url|www.razorfish.com}}
}}

'''Razorfish''', part of [[Publicis Groupe]], is one of the world's largest<ref>[http://adage.com/datacenter/datapopup.php?article_id=126721 Advertising Age Top Digital Agencies 2007, 5 May 2008]</ref> [[interactive agency|interactive agencies]]. Razorfish provides services including web development, media planning and buying, technology and innovation, emerging media, analytics, mobile, advertising, creative, social influence marketing and search.

Razorfish has more than 2,000 employees worldwide, with U.S. offices in New York, Chicago, Seattle, San Francisco, Philadelphia, Portland, Los Angeles, Atlanta, and Austin. In 2005–2007, it expanded overseas through acquisitions in London,<ref>[http://www.allbusiness.com/company-activities-management/operations-customer/5166268-1.html Avenue A / Razorfish Acquires U.K.-based Interactive Marketing Agency, DNA, 6 December, 2005]</ref> Paris,<ref>[http://www.clickz.com/showPage.html?page=3625178 Avenue A / Razorfish Snaps Up French Agency, 7 March 2007]</ref> Sydney, Hong Kong, Shanghai, Beijing, Berlin, Frankfurt,<ref>[http://www.dmnews.com/Avenue-ARazorfish-Enters-Germany-With-Neue-Digitale-Buy/article/92267/ Avenue A/Razorfish Enters Germany With Neue Digitale Buy, 9 August, 2006]</ref> Singapore and a joint venture in Tokyo.<ref>[http://www.marketingvox.com/avenue-arazorfish-adds-japanese-outpost-026543/ Avenue A/Razorfish Adds Japanese Outpost 17 January, 2007]</ref> In 2013, Razorfish launched its operations in India through the acquisition of Neev Technologies. Razorfish Neev is based in Bangalore and provides Outsourced Product and Application Development solutions.<ref>http://www.business-standard.com/article/companies/publicis-acquires-neev-launches-razorfish-in-india-113041800217_1.html</ref>

==History==

===Beginnings===
Razorfish was founded in New York in 1994 by childhood friends Craig Kanarick and Jeff Dachis, with the motto "Solutions to Hard Problems." The company was originally headquartered at Jeff's apartment in [[Alphabet City, Manhattan|Alphabet City in Manhattan]]. Their first major project was a $20,000 assignment to create a small website for the New York Botanical Society, commissioned by Time Warner's Pathfinder business unit.<ref name="IDCH">{{cite book|url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/razorfish-inc-history/ |title=International Directory of Company Histories|chapter=Razorfish, Inc. History |publisher=St. James Press |volume=27 |year=2001}}</ref> A few months later, they moved into an office at 580 Broadway and hired three new employees.

===Early success===
The company generated over $300,000 in revenues in 1995 and over $1.2m in 1996, with a $300k EBITDA profit, a feat that few other internet agencies at the time could claim. In additional to financial success, the company was frequently recognized for its outstanding graphic design work. {{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}

They were one of the first companies to have an animated homepage, utilizing the "server-push" capabilities of the latest version of the [[Netscape Navigator|Netscape browser]]. Because of this and aggressive marketing tactics, their work became well known, well-respected, and the firm grew quickly over the next few years. Soon thereafter, they received a strategic investment from [[Omnicom]] (along with other New Media pioneers, Agency.com, Red Sky Interactive, Think New Ideas and Organic), making them one of the first firms to be financed by a traditional media holding company. Razorfish used this money to move to new offices, redesign their branding (to include the slogan "Everything that can be digital will be.") and expand operations. It and other New York-based Web design companies formed the core of a cluster of New Media companies known as [[Silicon Alley]] {{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}.

The company became both extremely well known and respected in the industry. In 1997, the company generated over $3.6 million in revenues.

In January 1998, Razorfish made its first of what was to be many acquisitions, by purchasing Avalanche Systems. In 1998, Razorfish also acquired Plastic in San Francisco, and London-based CHBi, and Los Angeles-based <tag> media and then merged with Scandinavian interactive leader, Spray, which had offices in Sweden, Finland, Norway and Germany, making the company a true international player {{Citation needed|date=March 2014}} .

The company generated over $83 million in revenue in 1998 and was profitable, putting it on solid ground for an IPO. The company had over 1,100 employees at the time {{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}.

In April 1999, the company had an IPO which raised $48 million at $16 per share.<ref name="IDCH"/> With this new financing, the company continued to expand through both organic means and acquisitions {{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}.

In fall 1999, Razorfish acquired International Integration, Inc|International Integration, Inc (I-Cube),<ref>[http://news.cnet.com/Short-Take-Razorfish-acquires-i-Cube/2110-1017_3-232348.html/ Short Take: Razorfish acquires i-Cube ] ''CNET'', November 2, 1999.</ref> a Boston-based company founded by Sundar Subramaniam and [[John J. Donovan]] for $1.2 billion, its largest deal to date. The company's sales for 1999 topped $170 million.

In May 2000, Razorfish announced a new company, Intervision-Razorfish, a joint venture based in Tokyo. Around the same time, as the entire industry started to feel the effects of the [[dot-com bubble]], Razorfish saw its revenues fall to $50.1m. In February 2001, Razorfish laid off 400 employees, roughly 20 percent of its staff, with its stock price descending from a February 2000 high of $57 to just $1 per share.

====''60 Minutes'' interview====
Contributing to the fall in the stock price was a disastrous ''[[60 Minutes II]]'' interview with [[Bob Simon]] in 2001 where the founders were unable to describe what they actually did.<ref>[http://archive.wired.com/wired/archive/8.09/razorfish.html/ Brattitude Adjustment] ''Wired'', September, 2000.</ref>

===Acquisition by SBI===
Razorfish was taken private by SBI Group (formerly SBI and Company) in 2003<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.thefreelibrary.com/SBI+and+Company+Completes+Acquisition+of+Razorfish,+Inc.-a098244372 |title=SBI and Company Completes Acquisition of Razorfish, Inc. |date=March 3, 2003 |publisher=PR Newswire |accessdate=February 1, 2013}}</ref> and was renamed to SBI.Razorfish. SBI also purchased other assets from "The Fast Five," including Scient/iXL, MarchFirst (formerly [[USWeb]] and [[CKS Group]]), Emerald Solutions, Lante, and Xcelerate.

===Acquisition by aQuantive===
The company was again renamed as Avenue A | Razorfish when the SBI.Razorfish division of the SBI Group (formerly SBI and Company) was acquired by [[aQuantive]] in 2004.

The Avenue A | Razorfish combination in 2004 resulted in an interactive agency which according to Ad Age had the highest interactive revenue in the USA in 2005, at $189.8 million.<ref>[http://adage.com/article?article_id=108866 Top 50 Interactive Agencies - Advertising Age - DataCenter: Agencies] April 28, 2006 (Revised June 5, 2006)</ref>

===Acquisition by Microsoft===
[[Microsoft]] announced on May 18, 2007 its intention to acquire Avenue A | Razorfish as part of a $6.0 billion cash purchase of parent company aQuantive.<ref>[http://www.microsoft.com/presspass/press/2007/may07/05-18Advertising.mspx Microsoft Press Release, 18 May 2007]</ref> The transaction closed on August 10, 2007. Razorfish continued to function as an independent company as part of Microsoft Advertising, run by Brian McAndrews, formerly CEO of aQuantive, who reported directly to the president of Microsoft's Platforms & Services Division. On October 20, 2008, the company decided to be known as Razorfish, dropping the Avenue A brand.

In June 2009, it was reported that Microsoft had put the company up for sale.<ref>{{ cite news |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-10805_3-10274488-75.html |title=Microsoft to cut Razorfish loose}}</ref>

===Acquisition by Publicis Groupe===
[[Microsoft]] had earlier in June 2009 notified the markets of its intention to sell Razorfish, which many believed conflicted with Microsoft Advertising's main operations that sell advertising technology services to rival agencies.<ref>{{cite web |publisher=Financial Times | date=June 28, 2009 |title=Microsoft puts Razorfish up for sale |author=|url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/11be3c0e-641f-11de-a818-00144feabdc0.html}}</ref> On August 9, Paris-based holding company [[Publicis Groupe]] agreed to acquire Razorfish from Microsoft for USD $530 million in cash and shares, which in turn gave Microsoft a 3% equity stake in Publicis Groupe.<ref>{{cite news |publisher=Wall Street Journal | date=August 10, 2009 |title=Publicis to Buy Razorfish |author=|url=http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124982318328817501.html | first=Suzanne | last=Vranica}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.dmnews.com/Razorfish-names-Bob-Lord-CEO-Kokich-to-become-chairman/article/131140/ |title=Razorfish names Bob Lord CEO, Kokich to become chairman|author=Mary Elizabeth Hurn|date=April 22, 2009|quote=Clark Kokich had served as the CEO of the company since July 2007, however in April 2009, Bob Lord was named the new CEO, while Kokich will took on [sic] the newly formed role of Chairman.}}</ref> Clark Kokich had served as CEO of the company since July 2007; however, in April 2008, Bob Lord was named the new CEO, while Kokich took on the newly formed role of Chairman. In July 2013, Pete Stein was promoted to the role of Global CEO. Stein had been part of the executive leadership team for five years.

==Global offices==
; North America
* United States: Razorfish

; Europe
* Germany: Razorfish
* UK: Razorfish

; Asia-Pacific
* Australia: Razorfish
* China: Razorfish
* Hong Kong: Razorfish
* India: Razorfish Neev
* Japan: [[Dentsu Razorfish]]
* Singapore: Razorfish

; Latin America
* Brazil: Razorfish

==Awards and recognition==

===1998===
In April 1998, the Razorfish Subnetwork, designed by Razorfish, was added to the permanent collection of the [[San Francisco Museum of Modern Art]].

===2008===
In 2008, Razorfish won over 75 creative awards including 10 Webbys, 11 Interactive Media Awards, 16 WebAwards, 3 OMMAs, 2 ADDYs, and 3 Create Awards.<ref>[http://www.razorfish.com/#/work/awards/2008/view-all/ Razorfish 2008 Awards]</ref> The Nike “Sweet Spots” campaign produced by Duke, a Razorfish Company (located in France), was recognized on the 2008 Cannes Cyber Lions shortlist.<ref>[http://www.canneslions.com/winners/downloads/Cannes_Lions_2008_Cyber_Lions_Shortlist.pdf Cannes Cyber Lions Short List 2008]</ref> Also, Razorfish’s Chief Strategy Officer Jeff Lanctot, was named for the second consecutive year to the Mediaweek 50, a list of the country’s top media executives.<ref>[http://www.mediaweek.com/mw/special-reports/mediaweek-50/top-50-list/2008/profile.jsp?orderNo=30 Mediaweek 50 2008 29 September 2008]</ref> Forrester Research cited the company as a leader in “The Forrester Wave: Interactive Marketing Agencies” report published in December 2007.<ref>[http://www.forrester.com/Research/Document/Excerpt/0,7211,42367,00.html The Forrester Wave: Interactive Marketing Agencies, Q4 2007 4 December 2007]</ref> Ad Age named (then) Avenue A | Razorfish 2005 media agency of the year.<ref>[http://adage.com/article/special-report-creative-marketers/media-agency-avenue-a-razorfish/105107/ Best Media Agency: Avenue A/Razorfish, Nov. 7 2005. Retrieved July 5 2012.]</ref> Forrester Research ranked it as a top-tier web design agency in its 2006 Web Design Agency Shootout. Its work for Mercedes-AMG won the 2006 Webby Award for Best Automotive Site, and its redesign of NYTimes.com garnered a 2007 Webby for Best Newspaper Site.<ref>http://webbyawards.com/webbys/current.php?season=11#webby_entry_newspaper</ref>

===2010===
In 2010, Razorfish was awarded Top Value Added Partner by Adobe for Razorfish's work in the Enterprise Partner Program for Omniture technology.

===2012===
Ad Age placed Razorfish at number 4 on their annual Agency A-List.<ref>http://adage.com/article/special-report-agency-alist/razorfish-4-ad-age-agency-a-list/232229/</ref> Also in 2012, Razorfish won the One Show Entertainment Gold pencil for Innovation in Branded Content for client Axe.<ref>http://www.oneclub.org/#olb=/_ajax/archive/?action=arc_work%26value=18801</ref>

===2013===
In 2013, Razorfish was again recognized by Ad Age, placing number 9 on their annual Agency A-List.<ref>http://adage.com/article/special-report-agency-alist-2013/razorfish-9-ad-age-s-agency-a-list/239320/</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{official website|http://www.razorfish.com}}

[[Category:Advertising agencies]]
[[Category:Companies established in 1995]]
[[Category:Online companies]]
[[Category:Publicis Groupe]]

Shanganagh House

2014-09-01T18:34:34Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by 144.24.20.233 (talk) to last revision by Wtwilson3. (TW)

{{about|the area of Dublin|the area of Belfast|Shankill, Belfast}}

{{cleanup|reason=Sentences need to be fixed. and needs sources.|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = Suburb of [[Dublin]]
|name = Shankill
|other_name = {{Pad top italic|Seanchill}}
|image_skyline = Shankill, County Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 1812269.jpg
|image_caption = Shankill
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_type = dim:100000_region:IE
|latd = 53.226
|longd = -6.124
|blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|O249220}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
|subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann
|subdivision_name3 = [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]]
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 30
|area_total_km2 = 6.4
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_urban = 13258
|population_footnotes = <ref name = "cso2006">{{cite web | title = Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area | work = Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=April 2007 | url = http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 2011-06-19}} The figure represents the sum of the populations of the Shankill-Rathmichael, Shankill-Rathsallagh and Shankill-Shanganagh electoral districts.</ref>
|area_code_type = Dialing code
|area_code = 01, +353 1
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Republic of Ireland|Postal district(s)]]
|postal_code = [[County Dublin]]
|website =
}}

'''Shankill''' ({{lga|Seanchill|Old Church}}) is a suburb of [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], situated in the administrative area of [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]. Located in the south-east of County Dublin, close to the border with County Wicklow, it has a population of 13,258 (2006 census).

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==History==
[[Image:SeanchillRock.jpeg|thumb|left|Bilingual welcome stone in [[English language|English]] and [[Irish language|Irish]].]]

===Name===
The name Shankill is believed to derive either from the Irish ''Sean-Chill'', meaning ''Old Church'', or ''Sean-Choill'', meaning ''Old Wood''.

===Dark Ages===
Shankill features a number of antiquities, including [[Ringfort|ráth]]s and [[cromlech]]s. Around 1230, there were forests that were cleared under the orders of the then owner of Shankill, Archbishop Luke. Courts for serious crimes in the style of [[assizes]] were conducted at Shankill during this period. To keep the native Gaelic Irish out, fortified gates protected parts of the townland.

The manor of Shankill was overrun by the native Irish and completely destroyed a century later. In response to these incursions, a large garrison was re-instated. The Irish were restrained from entering and the land was eventually re-let as grazing land.

===Middle Ages===
The Lawless family features prominently in the history of Shankill. In [[1408 in Ireland|1408]], family members took control of the seigniory of ''Shanganagh'' and, by [[1480 in Ireland|1480]], several branches of the family were residents of Shankill.

Between 1400 and 1600, a number of fortified structures - whose remains can still be seen to this day - were built: ''Shankill Castle'', ''Shanganagh Castle'' and a strong house known locally as ''Puck's Castle''. The Walsh family comes to prominence in the 16th century, building several further defensive structures in Shankill.

From 1640 onwards, the native Irish were subdued in a series of confrontations, leading to greater agricultural use of the lands. Around this time, Shankill was absorbed into the parish of Rathmichael.

The Walshes quit the lands of Shankill primarily due to the [[Act of Commonwealth]]{{clarify|date=August 2014}} which redistributed landowners and tenancies. After this, the Lawless families regained possession for the third time of lands around Shankill. The last Lawless died in 1795, whereupon the lands became the possession of the third Sir William Domvile, resident of nearby Loughlinstown House. The Domvile family was granted the lands surrounding Loughlinstown under [[the Restoration]].

===19th century===
Shankill and Rathmichael were the property of Sir Charles Compton William Domvile (1822–1884). Domvile was known as an uncompromising and ruthless landlord, and sought to change the usage of land from the smallholdings that existed at the time of his inheritance of the estate.

At this time, Shankill was a rural village, but Domvile intended to build grand [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]-style housing developments, squares and streets to gentrify the area, thereby making it attractive for wealthy Dublin city-based professionals to live in.

During Domvile's time, new roads and streets were laid out, as well as water mains which feed a relief tank from [[Vartry Reservoir]], continuing on to [[Stillorgan]] reservoir.

However, Domvile was an impetuous man, and acted unreasonably with his tenants and prospective buyers of estates on his holdings. His personal debts mounted as a result of his financing two large estates at Shankill and [[Santry]], ultimately resulting in his bankruptcy.

The net outcome of Domvile's actions was to halve the population of Shankill and Rathmichael during the 1860s. He evicted over 100 tenants, during a period of grinding poverty, and many were forced to re-negotiate their tenancies at usurious rates. Many of the evicted ended up in the local workhouse, the Rathdown Work Union, which is now the site of Loughlinstown Hospital.

A landowner with holdings adjacent to the Shankill townland, Benjamin Tilly, granted quarter-acre holdings to some of the evicted tenants. Tilly's land straddled the townland border into ''Shanganagh'' and thus the new holdings along the ''Shanganagh Road'' became known as ''Tillystown''. In 1871, there were over 60 houses, and around the start of the 20th century, this village became known as Shankill proper.

In 1911, a tract of land to the west of Shankill, known as ''New Vale'', was developed as labourers' cottages.

===20th, 21st centuries===
Shankill initially comprised large agricultural tracts broken into smallholdings for tenant farmers, and larger, grander estates with fine country houses, many which still exist today. Large housing estates - of varying size and quality - have been built on many of these estates. Recently, additional tracts of land have been sold to developers who have built higher density housing than the larger-plot housing estates constructed in the 1970s.

==Geography==
The townland of Shankill was originally located on lands further Northwest at [[Puck's Castle]]. Today, the area of Shankill is usually understood to include both Shankill and [[Rathmichael]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} (though historically Shankill was absorbed into Rathmichael parish, not vice versa), an area of around {{convert|6.5|km2|acre}}.

The townlands are bordered roughly by the points between [[Carrickgollogan]] Hill (278m) to the west, the [[Ballycorus Leadmines]] to the Northwest, [[Loughlinstown]] Hospital to the North, stretching to the coast from [[Rathsallagh River]] to the Southern Boundary of Tyrell's Land.

The centre of Shankill Village today consists primarily of a main street with shops, cafes, a public house, a post office, credit union and other retail outlets.

To the north of Shankill is the suburb of [[Killiney]] and, to the south, the town of [[Bray]], [[County Wicklow]].

==Local antiquities and features==
[[Image:Puck's Castle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.JPG|thumb|Puck's Castle.]]
[[Image:Ballycorus Lead Mines Chimney.jpeg|thumb|Ballycorus Chimney.]]
[[Image:Shanganagh Castle.JPG|thumb|Shanganagh Castle (18th century).]]
[[Image:Crinken-church-shankill.JPG|thumb|St. James's Church, Crinken (1840).]]

There are several antiquities in the area, including ruined churches and standing stones. The ruins of several castles and defensive type structures remain; including [[Puck's Castle]], [[Shankill Castle]], [[Shanganagh Castle]] and a [[Martello Tower]].

Some houses of architectural note include ''Clontra'', a coastal [[Gothic revival|Gothic]] mansion near Corbawn Wood and Quinn's Road, ''Crinken Castle House'', ''Crinken'', and ''Shanganagh House'', an imposing mansion now surrounded by local authority housing estates. Clontra was built for Dublin barrister James Anthony Lawson QC (later Attorney General of Ireland, Judge of the High Court and Privy Councillor) and designed by eminent 19th century architects [[Sir Thomas Newenham Deane]] and [[Benjamin Woodward]] in their trademark Italian medieval style. They are better known for their work on the [[Kildare Street Club]] and the museum building at [[Trinity College, Dublin]]. The local library is itself of note, formerly a courthouse built in the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] style of granite and [[mock Tudor]] features. There are also some [[folly]]s such as a mock round tower built of red brick in the Castle Farm Farmyard.

Traces of Dublin's industrial heritage remain, in particular the lead-mine chimney at Ballycorus. Other features of note include the 'upside down' houses by the [[Harcourt Street railway line]] bridge, which was the site of the original post office, and has its guest rooms downstairs, and its kitchen and living room upstairs. Shankill was accessible via the original Kingstown-Bray train line, which is now five metres from the sea in some places. A coastal wall was built from Killiney to Bray to try to stop the erosion, traces of which can still be seen along the beach. The medieval village of ''Longnon'' was sited some {{convert|200|yd|m}} east of Quinn's Road beach, but was completely obliterated by coastal erosion.

===Ballycorus Leadmines===

{{main|Ballycorus Leadmines}}
Site of a lead ore smelter, a mile long stone flue and a granite chimney on Carrickgollogan hill, which is visible from much of southeast Dublin.<ref>[http://www.metalprocessors.ie/mci/index.htm The Mining Company of Ireland Ltd., short history of mining operations at Ballycorus]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Dorney Court===

Originally called ''Clare Mount'', built c. 1832, this fine Victorian house was demolished in 1984. Now the site of Shankill Garda Station. The grounds still contain a few [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoia]] and [[Scots Pine]] trees following the felling of many of them in 1984.

===Carnegie Library===

Tudor-style library, architect R. M. Butler, 1912.<ref>[http://www.librarycouncil.ie/documents/AnTaisceCatalogue3.pdf An Taisce catalogue of photographs of Irish Carnegie Libraries]</ref>

===Clonasleigh===

Clonasleigh, a house replaced by Shankill Shopping Centre (now mostly closed), was lived in by Frederick W. Meredith, once President of the Law Society, in the early 1900s. The name has been retained locally in Clonasleigh, a road with 16 houses, off Corbawn Lane, located close to the original house.

===Clontra===

Gothic mansion designed by Deane and Woodward, 1860, interior murals by [[John Hungerford Pollen (senior)|John Hungerford Pollen]]. On {{convert|15|acre|m2}} of parkland by the coast, adjacent to Corbawn Wood estate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2560 |title=Clontra, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Ferndale House===

Large estate on several acres, seat of [[David Plunket, 1st Baron Rathmore]].

===Mullinastill House===

Former mill house, listed structure, set for several film scenes.

===Old Harcourt Street line===

Former railroad running from Dublin to Bray; closed in 1958.

===Defunct train line===

A spur at Tyrell's land to the main Dublin-Bray line. Closed in 1915.

===Puck's Castle===

The "castle," actually a fortified house, was built in the late 16th century. It provided a refuge in 1690 for [[James II of England|James II]] and his army fleeing the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. One explanation for its name is that a ghost or puca inhabited the castle.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3990 Pucks Castle, brief history & photos]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> In June 1867 the daughter of a local Englishman disappeared near the castle. Jane Eleanor Sherrard, daughter of Henry and Margaret Sherrard left her nearby home to pick flowers for the dinner table. When she failed to return home that evening the police were notified and a widespread search was conducted. The last ever confirmed sighting of Jane was by the local postman who reported to have seen her picking flowers at the foot of the castle's northern wall. To this day the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown.

===Rosedale and Locksley===

Twin Victorian country houses, built by Guinness master brewer Perry in the early 1860s.

===Shanganagh Castle===

Located near Mill Lane, built in 1408 by the Lawless family and inhabited by their descendants until 1763, the castle was left in ruins by a fire in 1783.

During the late 18th century, a mansion of the same name was rebuilt on extensive lands at the border of Shankill with County Wicklow. It was used as an [[open prison]] for juveniles between 1969 and 2002.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shanganagh Castle (18th century), brief history, old drawing & photo]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2556 |title=Shanganagh Castle (18th century), National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shanganagh House===

Later called ''Shanganagh Park'', this Georgian-era mansion was built c. 1823 for William Hopper. Later residents included the Darcy brewing family and racehorse breeder Frank Field. It was compulsorily purchased by [[Dublin County Council|Dublin Co. Council]] in 1970 and it now serves as a [[community centre]] and is surrounded by late 1970s council houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2557 |title=Shanganagh House, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shankill Castle===

Built by Archbishop [[Henry de Loundres]] in 1229; site of the ancient Shankill church. It is one of the oldest surviving structures in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2541 |title=Shankill Castle, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shankill Castle, brief history]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Rathmichael Church===

{{main|Rathmichael}}
Commissioned by Charles Domvile in 1860, designed by Benjamin Woodward, in the Hiberno-Romanesque style. The Domviles had their own high-backed chairs, behind red velvet curtains.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:Shanganagh House Shankill.jpg|Shanganagh House.
Image:Crinken House Shankill.jpg|Crinken.
Image:Old Shankill station.jpg|The old Shankill station house, hidden behind Shankill Business Centre.
Image:Shop at Shankill, County Dublin.jpg|Brady's pub.
</gallery>

==Amenities==
Sporting options in the area include soccer teams: Shankill FC, with schoolboy and schoolgirl sides, Valeview Shankill FC who are the current LSL Premier Saturday champions.

Shankill Tennis Club,<ref>http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/</ref> which opened a new clubhouse in 2007, is located at the junction of Quinn's Road and Corbawn Drive. Shankill Bowling Club - boasting an all-weather surface - is situated adjacent to the tennis club.

The [[trailhead]] of the [[Dublin Mountains Way]], a long distance walking route (43 km trail) across the [[Dublin Mountains]] between Shankill and [[Tallaght]] begins at Brady's pub on the main street.

''Brady's of Shankill''<ref>{{cite web|author=Page Created by: admin |url=http://www.johnbradygroup.ie/index.php/bradys-of-shankill/ |title=Brady’s of Shankill | John Brady Group |publisher=Johnbradygroup.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> is the main pub/restaurant/off-licence complex in the village. In June 2012, it was voted 'Best Local Pub In Ireland'.<ref>{{cite web|author=18 July 2012 |url=http://www.braypeople.ie/Temp/bradys-wins-top-honours-as-irelands-local-of-the-year-3176739.html |title=Brady's wins top honours as Ireland's 'Local of the Year' - Independent.ie |publisher=Braypeople.ie |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> Shankill is also served by convenience stores, cafes, take-away restaurants and bookmakers, as well as a flower shop, barbers, video store, camera shop and Envy Hair and Beauty salon,<ref>http://www.envy.ie</ref> located in Shankill Shopping Centre. The local [[Credit Union]] has a substantial office on the main street. There is also a public library and, until relatively recently, one of Dublin's few remaining campsites. The latter has now been developed into an apartment complex.

In 2007, Shankill won the 'National Best Urban Village' award and two other awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shankillmatters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=0&Itemid=76/ |title=Shankill Tidy Towns 2007 awards |publisher=Shankillmatters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> in the [[Irish Tidy Towns Competition|Tidy Towns]] Competition. Efforts by the Tidy Towns committee and residents' associations to improve the appearance and quality of the local environment are ongoing.

===Education===
Shankill has three primary schools: ''Saint Anne's National School'' and ''Scoil Mhuire'' (both Roman Catholic), and ''Rathmichael Parish School'' (Church of Ireland).

===Religion===
Shankill has one Roman Catholic church, St Anne's, and two Church of Ireland (Anglican) churches, which are located at opposite ends of the village - Crinken (to the south) and [[Rathmichael]] (to the west) There are no evening masses on Confirmation Days and other Catholic events.

===The other Shankill===
Like its namesake the Shankill district of [[Belfast]], Dublin's Shankill also has its own Falls Road. Occasionally, the primary schools and community groups in both Shankills hold football or other sporting events to promote closer North-South ties. Shankill (Co. Dublin) native Charlie Martin received an honorary [[MBE]] in April 2006 for his work in this field.

==People==
* [[Des Cahill]], [[RTÉ]] sports journalist.
* [[Eamon Gilmore]] Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party (2011).
* [[Pádraig Harrington]], professional golfer and three-time Major winner.
* [[George Morrison (documentary maker)|George Morrison]], director of ''[[Mise Éire]]'' and other documentaries.
* [[Stephen O'Brien]] Member of the band "[[Hal (band)]]" (also sound engineer and lecturer)

==Transport==

===Bus===
[[Dublin Bus]] routes 7b and 145 connect Shankill with the city centre. The 45a connects the area to [[Dún Laoghaire]] and routes 84 and 84a link the area with [[Blackrock, Dublin|Blackrock]]

The [[Aircoach]] service from Greystones to Dublin airport stops outside Brady's of Shankill (aka Mickey Byrne's Bar), en route to the airport.

===Rail===
[[Shankill station]] - located between Rathsallagh Park and Corbawn Lane - is the third-last stop on the Southbound leg of Dublin's [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART line]].

===Tram===
The closest LUAS stop (Green Line) is at Cherrywood, with regular connections bringing passengers into the heart of the city (St. Stephen's Green) in approx. 30 minutes.

===Road===
The [[N11 road (Ireland)|N11 national route]] used to run through Shankill, until the [[M11 motorway (Ireland)|M11]] bypass was built nearby.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.keepitlocalshankill.com/ Online Business and Traders Directory]
* [http://www.dlrcoco.ie/ Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council]
* [http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/ Shankill Tennis Club]
* [http://www.shankillweather.com/ Shankill weather]
* [http://www.luas.ie/routes-and-times/ Luas map]
* [http://www.irishrail.ie/shankill Irish Rail Shankill Station Website]

{{Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown}}
{{Dublin residential areas}}

[[Category:Places in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]

Shankill Castle (Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown)

2014-09-01T18:34:34Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by 144.24.20.233 (talk) to last revision by Wtwilson3. (TW)

Puck’s Castle

2014-09-01T18:34:34Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by 144.24.20.233 (talk) to last revision by Wtwilson3. (TW)

Shanganagh Castle

2014-09-01T18:34:34Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by 144.24.20.233 (talk) to last revision by Wtwilson3. (TW)

Shanganagh House

2014-08-22T14:39:21Z

Wtwilson3: /* Middle Ages */ Add {{clarify}} - Which act is being referred to? There must be an article that can be linked.

Shankill Castle (Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown)

2014-08-22T14:39:21Z

Wtwilson3: /* Middle Ages */ Add {{clarify}} - Which act is being referred to? There must be an article that can be linked.

Puck’s Castle

2014-08-22T14:39:21Z

Wtwilson3: /* Middle Ages */ Add {{clarify}} - Which act is being referred to? There must be an article that can be linked.

Shanganagh Castle

2014-08-22T14:39:21Z

Wtwilson3: /* Middle Ages */ Add {{clarify}} - Which act is being referred to? There must be an article that can be linked.

Shanganagh House

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Wtwilson3: /* Dark Ages */ Add wikilink

{{about|the area of Dublin|the area of Belfast|Shankill, Belfast}}

{{cleanup|reason=Sentences need to be fixed. and needs sources.|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = Suburb of [[Dublin]]
|name = Shankill
|other_name = {{Pad top italic|Seanchill}}
|image_skyline = Shankill, County Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 1812269.jpg
|image_caption = Shankill
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_type = dim:100000_region:IE
|latd = 53.226
|longd = -6.124
|blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|O249220}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
|subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann
|subdivision_name3 = [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]]
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 30
|area_total_km2 = 6.4
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_urban = 13258
|population_footnotes = <ref name = "cso2006">{{cite web | title = Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area | work = Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=April 2007 | url = http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 2011-06-19}} The figure represents the sum of the populations of the Shankill-Rathmichael, Shankill-Rathsallagh and Shankill-Shanganagh electoral districts.</ref>
|area_code_type = Dialing code
|area_code = 01, +353 1
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Republic of Ireland|Postal district(s)]]
|postal_code = [[County Dublin]]
|website =
}}

'''Shankill''' ({{lga|Seanchill|Old Church}}) is a suburb of [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], situated in the administrative area of [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]. Located in the south-east of County Dublin, close to the border with County Wicklow, it has a population of 13,258 (2006 census).

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==History==
[[Image:SeanchillRock.jpeg|thumb|left|Bilingual welcome stone in [[English language|English]] and [[Irish language|Irish]].]]

===Name===
The name Shankill is believed to derive either from the Irish ''Sean-Chill'', meaning ''Old Church'', or ''Sean-Choill'', meaning ''Old Wood''.

===Dark Ages===
Shankill features a number of antiquities, including [[Ringfort|ráth]]s and [[cromlech]]s. Around 1230, there were forests that were cleared under the orders of the then owner of Shankill, Archbishop Luke. Courts for serious crimes in the style of [[assizes]] were conducted at Shankill during this period. To keep the native Gaelic Irish out, fortified gates protected parts of the townland.

The manor of Shankill was overrun by the native Irish and completely destroyed a century later. In response to these incursions, a large garrison was re-instated. The Irish were restrained from entering and the land was eventually re-let as grazing land.

===Middle Ages===
The Lawless family features prominently in the history of Shankill. In [[1408 in Ireland|1408]], family members took control of the seigniory of ''Shanganagh'' and, by [[1480 in Ireland|1480]], several branches of the family were residents of Shankill.

Between 1400 and 1600, a number of fortified structures - whose remains can still be seen to this day - were built: ''Shankill Castle'', ''Shanganagh Castle'' and a strong house known locally as ''Puck's Castle''. The Walsh family comes to prominence in the 16th century, building several further defensive structures in Shankill.

From 1640 onwards, the native Irish were subdued in a series of confrontations, leading to greater agricultural use of the lands. Around this time, Shankill was absorbed into the parish of Rathmichael.

The Walshes quit the lands of Shankill primarily due to the [[Act of Commonwealth]] which redistributed landowners and tenancies. After this, the Lawless families regained possession for the third time of lands around Shankill. The last Lawless died in 1795, whereupon the lands became the possession of the third Sir William Domvile, resident of nearby Loughlinstown House. The Domvile family was granted the lands surrounding Loughlinstown under [[the Restoration]].

===19th century===
Shankill and Rathmichael were the property of Sir Charles Compton William Domvile (1822–1884). Domvile was known as an uncompromising and ruthless landlord, and sought to change the usage of land from the smallholdings that existed at the time of his inheritance of the estate.

At this time, Shankill was a rural village, but Domvile intended to build grand [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]-style housing developments, squares and streets to gentrify the area, thereby making it attractive for wealthy Dublin city-based professionals to live in.

During Domvile's time, new roads and streets were laid out, as well as water mains which feed a relief tank from [[Vartry Reservoir]], continuing on to [[Stillorgan]] reservoir.

However, Domvile was an impetuous man, and acted unreasonably with his tenants and prospective buyers of estates on his holdings. His personal debts mounted as a result of his financing two large estates at Shankill and [[Santry]], ultimately resulting in his bankruptcy.

The net outcome of Domvile's actions was to halve the population of Shankill and Rathmichael during the 1860s. He evicted over 100 tenants, during a period of grinding poverty, and many were forced to re-negotiate their tenancies at usurious rates. Many of the evicted ended up in the local workhouse, the Rathdown Work Union, which is now the site of Loughlinstown Hospital.

A landowner with holdings adjacent to the Shankill townland, Benjamin Tilly, granted quarter-acre holdings to some of the evicted tenants. Tilly's land straddled the townland border into ''Shanganagh'' and thus the new holdings along the ''Shanganagh Road'' became known as ''Tillystown''. In 1871, there were over 60 houses, and around the start of the 20th century, this village became known as Shankill proper.

In 1911, a tract of land to the west of Shankill, known as ''New Vale'', was developed as labourers' cottages.

===20th, 21st centuries===
Shankill initially comprised large agricultural tracts broken into smallholdings for tenant farmers, and larger, grander estates with fine country houses, many which still exist today. Large housing estates - of varying size and quality - have been built on many of these estates. Recently, additional tracts of land have been sold to developers who have built higher density housing than the larger-plot housing estates constructed in the 1970s.

==Geography==
The townland of Shankill was originally located on lands further Northwest at [[Puck's Castle]]. Today, the area of Shankill is usually understood to include both Shankill and [[Rathmichael]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} (though historically Shankill was absorbed into Rathmichael parish, not vice versa), an area of around {{convert|6.5|km2|acre}}.

The townlands are bordered roughly by the points between [[Carrickgollogan]] Hill (278m) to the west, the [[Ballycorus Leadmines]] to the Northwest, [[Loughlinstown]] Hospital to the North, stretching to the coast from [[Rathsallagh River]] to the Southern Boundary of Tyrell's Land.

The centre of Shankill Village today consists primarily of a main street with shops, cafes, a public house, a post office, credit union and other retail outlets.

To the north of Shankill is the suburb of [[Killiney]] and, to the south, the town of [[Bray]], [[County Wicklow]].

==Local antiquities and features==
[[Image:Puck's Castle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.JPG|thumb|Puck's Castle.]]
[[Image:Ballycorus Lead Mines Chimney.jpeg|thumb|Ballycorus Chimney.]]
[[Image:Shanganagh Castle.JPG|thumb|Shanganagh Castle (18th century).]]
[[Image:Crinken-church-shankill.JPG|thumb|St. James's Church, Crinken (1840).]]

There are several antiquities in the area, including ruined churches and standing stones. The ruins of several castles and defensive type structures remain; including [[Puck's Castle]], [[Shankill Castle]], [[Shanganagh Castle]] and a [[Martello Tower]].

Some houses of architectural note include ''Clontra'', a coastal [[Gothic revival|Gothic]] mansion near Corbawn Wood and Quinn's Road, ''Crinken Castle House'', ''Crinken'', and ''Shanganagh House'', an imposing mansion now surrounded by local authority housing estates. Clontra was built for Dublin barrister James Anthony Lawson QC (later Attorney General of Ireland, Judge of the High Court and Privy Councillor) and designed by eminent 19th century architects [[Sir Thomas Newenham Deane]] and [[Benjamin Woodward]] in their trademark Italian medieval style. They are better known for their work on the [[Kildare Street Club]] and the museum building at [[Trinity College, Dublin]]. The local library is itself of note, formerly a courthouse built in the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] style of granite and [[mock Tudor]] features. There are also some [[folly]]s such as a mock round tower built of red brick in the Castle Farm Farmyard.

Traces of Dublin's industrial heritage remain, in particular the lead-mine chimney at Ballycorus. Other features of note include the 'upside down' houses by the [[Harcourt Street railway line]] bridge, which was the site of the original post office, and has its guest rooms downstairs, and its kitchen and living room upstairs. Shankill was accessible via the original Kingstown-Bray train line, which is now five metres from the sea in some places. A coastal wall was built from Killiney to Bray to try to stop the erosion, traces of which can still be seen along the beach. The medieval village of ''Longnon'' was sited some {{convert|200|yd|m}} east of Quinn's Road beach, but was completely obliterated by coastal erosion.

===Ballycorus Leadmines===

{{main|Ballycorus Leadmines}}
Site of a lead ore smelter, a mile long stone flue and a granite chimney on Carrickgollogan hill, which is visible from much of southeast Dublin.<ref>[http://www.metalprocessors.ie/mci/index.htm The Mining Company of Ireland Ltd., short history of mining operations at Ballycorus]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Dorney Court===

Originally called ''Clare Mount'', built c. 1832, this fine Victorian house was demolished in 1984. Now the site of Shankill Garda Station. The grounds still contain a few [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoia]] and [[Scots Pine]] trees following the felling of many of them in 1984.

===Carnegie Library===

Tudor-style library, architect R. M. Butler, 1912.<ref>[http://www.librarycouncil.ie/documents/AnTaisceCatalogue3.pdf An Taisce catalogue of photographs of Irish Carnegie Libraries]</ref>

===Clonasleigh===

Clonasleigh, a house replaced by Shankill Shopping Centre (now mostly closed), was lived in by Frederick W. Meredith, once President of the Law Society, in the early 1900s. The name has been retained locally in Clonasleigh, a road with 16 houses, off Corbawn Lane, located close to the original house.

===Clontra===

Gothic mansion designed by Deane and Woodward, 1860, interior murals by [[John Hungerford Pollen (senior)|John Hungerford Pollen]]. On {{convert|15|acre|m2}} of parkland by the coast, adjacent to Corbawn Wood estate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2560 |title=Clontra, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Ferndale House===

Large estate on several acres, seat of [[David Plunket, 1st Baron Rathmore]].

===Mullinastill House===

Former mill house, listed structure, set for several film scenes.

===Old Harcourt Street line===

Former railroad running from Dublin to Bray; closed in 1958.

===Defunct train line===

A spur at Tyrell's land to the main Dublin-Bray line. Closed in 1915.

===Puck's Castle===

The "castle," actually a fortified house, was built in the late 16th century. It provided a refuge in 1690 for [[James II of England|James II]] and his army fleeing the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. One explanation for its name is that a ghost or puca inhabited the castle.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3990 Pucks Castle, brief history & photos]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> In June 1867 the daughter of a local Englishman disappeared near the castle. Jane Eleanor Sherrard, daughter of Henry and Margaret Sherrard left her nearby home to pick flowers for the dinner table. When she failed to return home that evening the police were notified and a widespread search was conducted. The last ever confirmed sighting of Jane was by the local postman who reported to have seen her picking flowers at the foot of the castle's northern wall. To this day the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown.

===Rosedale and Locksley===

Twin Victorian country houses, built by Guinness master brewer Perry in the early 1860s.

===Shanganagh Castle===

Located near Mill Lane, built in 1408 by the Lawless family and inhabited by their descendants until 1763, the castle was left in ruins by a fire in 1783.

During the late 18th century, a mansion of the same name was rebuilt on extensive lands at the border of Shankill with County Wicklow. It was used as an [[open prison]] for juveniles between 1969 and 2002.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shanganagh Castle (18th century), brief history, old drawing & photo]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2556 |title=Shanganagh Castle (18th century), National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shanganagh House===

Later called ''Shanganagh Park'', this Georgian-era mansion was built c. 1823 for William Hopper. Later residents included the Darcy brewing family and racehorse breeder Frank Field. It was compulsorily purchased by [[Dublin County Council|Dublin Co. Council]] in 1970 and it now serves as a [[community centre]] and is surrounded by late 1970s council houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2557 |title=Shanganagh House, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shankill Castle===

Built by Archbishop [[Henry de Loundres]] in 1229; site of the ancient Shankill church. It is one of the oldest surviving structures in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2541 |title=Shankill Castle, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shankill Castle, brief history]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Rathmichael Church===

{{main|Rathmichael}}
Commissioned by Charles Domvile in 1860, designed by Benjamin Woodward, in the Hiberno-Romanesque style. The Domviles had their own high-backed chairs, behind red velvet curtains.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:Shanganagh House Shankill.jpg|Shanganagh House.
Image:Crinken House Shankill.jpg|Crinken.
Image:Old Shankill station.jpg|The old Shankill station house, hidden behind Shankill Business Centre.
Image:Shop at Shankill, County Dublin.jpg|Brady's pub.
</gallery>

==Amenities==
Sporting options in the area include soccer teams: Shankill FC, with schoolboy and schoolgirl sides, Valeview Shankill FC who are the current LSL Premier Saturday champions.

Shankill Tennis Club,<ref>http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/</ref> which opened a new clubhouse in 2007, is located at the junction of Quinn's Road and Corbawn Drive. Shankill Bowling Club - boasting an all-weather surface - is situated adjacent to the tennis club.

The [[trailhead]] of the [[Dublin Mountains Way]], a long distance walking route (43 km trail) across the [[Dublin Mountains]] between Shankill and [[Tallaght]] begins at Brady's pub on the main street.

''Brady's of Shankill''<ref>{{cite web|author=Page Created by: admin |url=http://www.johnbradygroup.ie/index.php/bradys-of-shankill/ |title=Brady’s of Shankill | John Brady Group |publisher=Johnbradygroup.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> is the main pub/restaurant/off-licence complex in the village. In June 2012, it was voted 'Best Local Pub In Ireland'.<ref>{{cite web|author=18 July 2012 |url=http://www.braypeople.ie/Temp/bradys-wins-top-honours-as-irelands-local-of-the-year-3176739.html |title=Brady's wins top honours as Ireland's 'Local of the Year' - Independent.ie |publisher=Braypeople.ie |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> Shankill is also served by convenience stores, cafes, take-away restaurants and bookmakers, as well as a flower shop, barbers, video store, camera shop and Envy Hair and Beauty salon,<ref>http://www.envy.ie</ref> located in Shankill Shopping Centre. The local [[Credit Union]] has a substantial office on the main street. There is also a public library and, until relatively recently, one of Dublin's few remaining campsites. The latter has now been developed into an apartment complex.

In 2007, Shankill won the 'National Best Urban Village' award and two other awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shankillmatters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=0&Itemid=76/ |title=Shankill Tidy Towns 2007 awards |publisher=Shankillmatters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> in the [[Irish Tidy Towns Competition|Tidy Towns]] Competition. Efforts by the Tidy Towns committee and residents' associations to improve the appearance and quality of the local environment are ongoing.

===Education===
Shankill has three primary schools: ''Saint Anne's National School'' and ''Scoil Mhuire'' (both Roman Catholic), and ''Rathmichael Parish School'' (Church of Ireland).

===Religion===
Shankill has one Roman Catholic church, St Anne's, and two Church of Ireland (Anglican) churches, which are located at opposite ends of the village - Crinken (to the south) and [[Rathmichael]] (to the west) There are no evening masses on Confirmation Days and other Catholic events.

===The other Shankill===
Like its namesake the Shankill district of [[Belfast]], Dublin's Shankill also has its own Falls Road. Occasionally, the primary schools and community groups in both Shankills hold football or other sporting events to promote closer North-South ties. Shankill (Co. Dublin) native Charlie Martin received an honorary [[MBE]] in April 2006 for his work in this field.

==People==
* [[Des Cahill]], [[RTÉ]] sports journalist.
* [[Eamon Gilmore]] Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party (2011).
* [[Pádraig Harrington]], professional golfer and three-time Major winner.
* [[George Morrison (documentary maker)|George Morrison]], director of ''[[Mise Éire]]'' and other documentaries.
* [[Stephen O'Brien]] Member of the band "[[Hal (band)]]" (also sound engineer and lecturer)

==Transport==

===Bus===
[[Dublin Bus]] routes 7b and 145 connect Shankill with the city centre. The 45a connects the area to [[Dún Laoghaire]] and routes 84 and 84a link the area with [[Blackrock, Dublin|Blackrock]]

The [[Aircoach]] service from Greystones to Dublin airport stops outside Brady's of Shankill (aka Mickey Byrne's Bar), en route to the airport.

===Rail===
[[Shankill station]] - located between Rathsallagh Park and Corbawn Lane - is the third-last stop on the Southbound leg of Dublin's [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART line]].

===Tram===
The closest LUAS stop (Green Line) is at Cherrywood, with regular connections bringing passengers into the heart of the city (St. Stephen's Green) in approx. 30 minutes.

===Road===
The [[N11 road (Ireland)|N11 national route]] used to run through Shankill, until the [[M11 motorway (Ireland)|M11]] bypass was built nearby.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.keepitlocalshankill.com/ Online Business and Traders Directory]
* [http://www.dlrcoco.ie/ Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council]
* [http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/ Shankill Tennis Club]
* [http://www.shankillweather.com/ Shankill weather]
* [http://www.luas.ie/routes-and-times/ Luas map]
* [http://www.irishrail.ie/shankill Irish Rail Shankill Station Website]

{{Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown}}
{{Dublin residential areas}}

[[Category:Places in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]

Shankill Castle (Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown)

2014-08-22T14:23:12Z

Wtwilson3: /* Dark Ages */ Add wikilink

{{about|the area of Dublin|the area of Belfast|Shankill, Belfast}}

{{cleanup|reason=Sentences need to be fixed. and needs sources.|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = Suburb of [[Dublin]]
|name = Shankill
|other_name = {{Pad top italic|Seanchill}}
|image_skyline = Shankill, County Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 1812269.jpg
|image_caption = Shankill
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_type = dim:100000_region:IE
|latd = 53.226
|longd = -6.124
|blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|O249220}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
|subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann
|subdivision_name3 = [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]]
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 30
|area_total_km2 = 6.4
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_urban = 13258
|population_footnotes = <ref name = "cso2006">{{cite web | title = Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area | work = Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=April 2007 | url = http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 2011-06-19}} The figure represents the sum of the populations of the Shankill-Rathmichael, Shankill-Rathsallagh and Shankill-Shanganagh electoral districts.</ref>
|area_code_type = Dialing code
|area_code = 01, +353 1
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Republic of Ireland|Postal district(s)]]
|postal_code = [[County Dublin]]
|website =
}}

'''Shankill''' ({{lga|Seanchill|Old Church}}) is a suburb of [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], situated in the administrative area of [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]. Located in the south-east of County Dublin, close to the border with County Wicklow, it has a population of 13,258 (2006 census).

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==History==
[[Image:SeanchillRock.jpeg|thumb|left|Bilingual welcome stone in [[English language|English]] and [[Irish language|Irish]].]]

===Name===
The name Shankill is believed to derive either from the Irish ''Sean-Chill'', meaning ''Old Church'', or ''Sean-Choill'', meaning ''Old Wood''.

===Dark Ages===
Shankill features a number of antiquities, including [[Ringfort|ráth]]s and [[cromlech]]s. Around 1230, there were forests that were cleared under the orders of the then owner of Shankill, Archbishop Luke. Courts for serious crimes in the style of [[assizes]] were conducted at Shankill during this period. To keep the native Gaelic Irish out, fortified gates protected parts of the townland.

The manor of Shankill was overrun by the native Irish and completely destroyed a century later. In response to these incursions, a large garrison was re-instated. The Irish were restrained from entering and the land was eventually re-let as grazing land.

===Middle Ages===
The Lawless family features prominently in the history of Shankill. In [[1408 in Ireland|1408]], family members took control of the seigniory of ''Shanganagh'' and, by [[1480 in Ireland|1480]], several branches of the family were residents of Shankill.

Between 1400 and 1600, a number of fortified structures - whose remains can still be seen to this day - were built: ''Shankill Castle'', ''Shanganagh Castle'' and a strong house known locally as ''Puck's Castle''. The Walsh family comes to prominence in the 16th century, building several further defensive structures in Shankill.

From 1640 onwards, the native Irish were subdued in a series of confrontations, leading to greater agricultural use of the lands. Around this time, Shankill was absorbed into the parish of Rathmichael.

The Walshes quit the lands of Shankill primarily due to the [[Act of Commonwealth]] which redistributed landowners and tenancies. After this, the Lawless families regained possession for the third time of lands around Shankill. The last Lawless died in 1795, whereupon the lands became the possession of the third Sir William Domvile, resident of nearby Loughlinstown House. The Domvile family was granted the lands surrounding Loughlinstown under [[the Restoration]].

===19th century===
Shankill and Rathmichael were the property of Sir Charles Compton William Domvile (1822–1884). Domvile was known as an uncompromising and ruthless landlord, and sought to change the usage of land from the smallholdings that existed at the time of his inheritance of the estate.

At this time, Shankill was a rural village, but Domvile intended to build grand [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]-style housing developments, squares and streets to gentrify the area, thereby making it attractive for wealthy Dublin city-based professionals to live in.

During Domvile's time, new roads and streets were laid out, as well as water mains which feed a relief tank from [[Vartry Reservoir]], continuing on to [[Stillorgan]] reservoir.

However, Domvile was an impetuous man, and acted unreasonably with his tenants and prospective buyers of estates on his holdings. His personal debts mounted as a result of his financing two large estates at Shankill and [[Santry]], ultimately resulting in his bankruptcy.

The net outcome of Domvile's actions was to halve the population of Shankill and Rathmichael during the 1860s. He evicted over 100 tenants, during a period of grinding poverty, and many were forced to re-negotiate their tenancies at usurious rates. Many of the evicted ended up in the local workhouse, the Rathdown Work Union, which is now the site of Loughlinstown Hospital.

A landowner with holdings adjacent to the Shankill townland, Benjamin Tilly, granted quarter-acre holdings to some of the evicted tenants. Tilly's land straddled the townland border into ''Shanganagh'' and thus the new holdings along the ''Shanganagh Road'' became known as ''Tillystown''. In 1871, there were over 60 houses, and around the start of the 20th century, this village became known as Shankill proper.

In 1911, a tract of land to the west of Shankill, known as ''New Vale'', was developed as labourers' cottages.

===20th, 21st centuries===
Shankill initially comprised large agricultural tracts broken into smallholdings for tenant farmers, and larger, grander estates with fine country houses, many which still exist today. Large housing estates - of varying size and quality - have been built on many of these estates. Recently, additional tracts of land have been sold to developers who have built higher density housing than the larger-plot housing estates constructed in the 1970s.

==Geography==
The townland of Shankill was originally located on lands further Northwest at [[Puck's Castle]]. Today, the area of Shankill is usually understood to include both Shankill and [[Rathmichael]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} (though historically Shankill was absorbed into Rathmichael parish, not vice versa), an area of around {{convert|6.5|km2|acre}}.

The townlands are bordered roughly by the points between [[Carrickgollogan]] Hill (278m) to the west, the [[Ballycorus Leadmines]] to the Northwest, [[Loughlinstown]] Hospital to the North, stretching to the coast from [[Rathsallagh River]] to the Southern Boundary of Tyrell's Land.

The centre of Shankill Village today consists primarily of a main street with shops, cafes, a public house, a post office, credit union and other retail outlets.

To the north of Shankill is the suburb of [[Killiney]] and, to the south, the town of [[Bray]], [[County Wicklow]].

==Local antiquities and features==
[[Image:Puck's Castle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.JPG|thumb|Puck's Castle.]]
[[Image:Ballycorus Lead Mines Chimney.jpeg|thumb|Ballycorus Chimney.]]
[[Image:Shanganagh Castle.JPG|thumb|Shanganagh Castle (18th century).]]
[[Image:Crinken-church-shankill.JPG|thumb|St. James's Church, Crinken (1840).]]

There are several antiquities in the area, including ruined churches and standing stones. The ruins of several castles and defensive type structures remain; including [[Puck's Castle]], [[Shankill Castle]], [[Shanganagh Castle]] and a [[Martello Tower]].

Some houses of architectural note include ''Clontra'', a coastal [[Gothic revival|Gothic]] mansion near Corbawn Wood and Quinn's Road, ''Crinken Castle House'', ''Crinken'', and ''Shanganagh House'', an imposing mansion now surrounded by local authority housing estates. Clontra was built for Dublin barrister James Anthony Lawson QC (later Attorney General of Ireland, Judge of the High Court and Privy Councillor) and designed by eminent 19th century architects [[Sir Thomas Newenham Deane]] and [[Benjamin Woodward]] in their trademark Italian medieval style. They are better known for their work on the [[Kildare Street Club]] and the museum building at [[Trinity College, Dublin]]. The local library is itself of note, formerly a courthouse built in the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] style of granite and [[mock Tudor]] features. There are also some [[folly]]s such as a mock round tower built of red brick in the Castle Farm Farmyard.

Traces of Dublin's industrial heritage remain, in particular the lead-mine chimney at Ballycorus. Other features of note include the 'upside down' houses by the [[Harcourt Street railway line]] bridge, which was the site of the original post office, and has its guest rooms downstairs, and its kitchen and living room upstairs. Shankill was accessible via the original Kingstown-Bray train line, which is now five metres from the sea in some places. A coastal wall was built from Killiney to Bray to try to stop the erosion, traces of which can still be seen along the beach. The medieval village of ''Longnon'' was sited some {{convert|200|yd|m}} east of Quinn's Road beach, but was completely obliterated by coastal erosion.

===Ballycorus Leadmines===

{{main|Ballycorus Leadmines}}
Site of a lead ore smelter, a mile long stone flue and a granite chimney on Carrickgollogan hill, which is visible from much of southeast Dublin.<ref>[http://www.metalprocessors.ie/mci/index.htm The Mining Company of Ireland Ltd., short history of mining operations at Ballycorus]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Dorney Court===

Originally called ''Clare Mount'', built c. 1832, this fine Victorian house was demolished in 1984. Now the site of Shankill Garda Station. The grounds still contain a few [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoia]] and [[Scots Pine]] trees following the felling of many of them in 1984.

===Carnegie Library===

Tudor-style library, architect R. M. Butler, 1912.<ref>[http://www.librarycouncil.ie/documents/AnTaisceCatalogue3.pdf An Taisce catalogue of photographs of Irish Carnegie Libraries]</ref>

===Clonasleigh===

Clonasleigh, a house replaced by Shankill Shopping Centre (now mostly closed), was lived in by Frederick W. Meredith, once President of the Law Society, in the early 1900s. The name has been retained locally in Clonasleigh, a road with 16 houses, off Corbawn Lane, located close to the original house.

===Clontra===

Gothic mansion designed by Deane and Woodward, 1860, interior murals by [[John Hungerford Pollen (senior)|John Hungerford Pollen]]. On {{convert|15|acre|m2}} of parkland by the coast, adjacent to Corbawn Wood estate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2560 |title=Clontra, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Ferndale House===

Large estate on several acres, seat of [[David Plunket, 1st Baron Rathmore]].

===Mullinastill House===

Former mill house, listed structure, set for several film scenes.

===Old Harcourt Street line===

Former railroad running from Dublin to Bray; closed in 1958.

===Defunct train line===

A spur at Tyrell's land to the main Dublin-Bray line. Closed in 1915.

===Puck's Castle===

The "castle," actually a fortified house, was built in the late 16th century. It provided a refuge in 1690 for [[James II of England|James II]] and his army fleeing the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. One explanation for its name is that a ghost or puca inhabited the castle.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3990 Pucks Castle, brief history & photos]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> In June 1867 the daughter of a local Englishman disappeared near the castle. Jane Eleanor Sherrard, daughter of Henry and Margaret Sherrard left her nearby home to pick flowers for the dinner table. When she failed to return home that evening the police were notified and a widespread search was conducted. The last ever confirmed sighting of Jane was by the local postman who reported to have seen her picking flowers at the foot of the castle's northern wall. To this day the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown.

===Rosedale and Locksley===

Twin Victorian country houses, built by Guinness master brewer Perry in the early 1860s.

===Shanganagh Castle===

Located near Mill Lane, built in 1408 by the Lawless family and inhabited by their descendants until 1763, the castle was left in ruins by a fire in 1783.

During the late 18th century, a mansion of the same name was rebuilt on extensive lands at the border of Shankill with County Wicklow. It was used as an [[open prison]] for juveniles between 1969 and 2002.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shanganagh Castle (18th century), brief history, old drawing & photo]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2556 |title=Shanganagh Castle (18th century), National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shanganagh House===

Later called ''Shanganagh Park'', this Georgian-era mansion was built c. 1823 for William Hopper. Later residents included the Darcy brewing family and racehorse breeder Frank Field. It was compulsorily purchased by [[Dublin County Council|Dublin Co. Council]] in 1970 and it now serves as a [[community centre]] and is surrounded by late 1970s council houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2557 |title=Shanganagh House, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shankill Castle===

Built by Archbishop [[Henry de Loundres]] in 1229; site of the ancient Shankill church. It is one of the oldest surviving structures in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2541 |title=Shankill Castle, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shankill Castle, brief history]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Rathmichael Church===

{{main|Rathmichael}}
Commissioned by Charles Domvile in 1860, designed by Benjamin Woodward, in the Hiberno-Romanesque style. The Domviles had their own high-backed chairs, behind red velvet curtains.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:Shanganagh House Shankill.jpg|Shanganagh House.
Image:Crinken House Shankill.jpg|Crinken.
Image:Old Shankill station.jpg|The old Shankill station house, hidden behind Shankill Business Centre.
Image:Shop at Shankill, County Dublin.jpg|Brady's pub.
</gallery>

==Amenities==
Sporting options in the area include soccer teams: Shankill FC, with schoolboy and schoolgirl sides, Valeview Shankill FC who are the current LSL Premier Saturday champions.

Shankill Tennis Club,<ref>http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/</ref> which opened a new clubhouse in 2007, is located at the junction of Quinn's Road and Corbawn Drive. Shankill Bowling Club - boasting an all-weather surface - is situated adjacent to the tennis club.

The [[trailhead]] of the [[Dublin Mountains Way]], a long distance walking route (43 km trail) across the [[Dublin Mountains]] between Shankill and [[Tallaght]] begins at Brady's pub on the main street.

''Brady's of Shankill''<ref>{{cite web|author=Page Created by: admin |url=http://www.johnbradygroup.ie/index.php/bradys-of-shankill/ |title=Brady’s of Shankill | John Brady Group |publisher=Johnbradygroup.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> is the main pub/restaurant/off-licence complex in the village. In June 2012, it was voted 'Best Local Pub In Ireland'.<ref>{{cite web|author=18 July 2012 |url=http://www.braypeople.ie/Temp/bradys-wins-top-honours-as-irelands-local-of-the-year-3176739.html |title=Brady's wins top honours as Ireland's 'Local of the Year' - Independent.ie |publisher=Braypeople.ie |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> Shankill is also served by convenience stores, cafes, take-away restaurants and bookmakers, as well as a flower shop, barbers, video store, camera shop and Envy Hair and Beauty salon,<ref>http://www.envy.ie</ref> located in Shankill Shopping Centre. The local [[Credit Union]] has a substantial office on the main street. There is also a public library and, until relatively recently, one of Dublin's few remaining campsites. The latter has now been developed into an apartment complex.

In 2007, Shankill won the 'National Best Urban Village' award and two other awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shankillmatters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=0&Itemid=76/ |title=Shankill Tidy Towns 2007 awards |publisher=Shankillmatters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> in the [[Irish Tidy Towns Competition|Tidy Towns]] Competition. Efforts by the Tidy Towns committee and residents' associations to improve the appearance and quality of the local environment are ongoing.

===Education===
Shankill has three primary schools: ''Saint Anne's National School'' and ''Scoil Mhuire'' (both Roman Catholic), and ''Rathmichael Parish School'' (Church of Ireland).

===Religion===
Shankill has one Roman Catholic church, St Anne's, and two Church of Ireland (Anglican) churches, which are located at opposite ends of the village - Crinken (to the south) and [[Rathmichael]] (to the west) There are no evening masses on Confirmation Days and other Catholic events.

===The other Shankill===
Like its namesake the Shankill district of [[Belfast]], Dublin's Shankill also has its own Falls Road. Occasionally, the primary schools and community groups in both Shankills hold football or other sporting events to promote closer North-South ties. Shankill (Co. Dublin) native Charlie Martin received an honorary [[MBE]] in April 2006 for his work in this field.

==People==
* [[Des Cahill]], [[RTÉ]] sports journalist.
* [[Eamon Gilmore]] Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party (2011).
* [[Pádraig Harrington]], professional golfer and three-time Major winner.
* [[George Morrison (documentary maker)|George Morrison]], director of ''[[Mise Éire]]'' and other documentaries.
* [[Stephen O'Brien]] Member of the band "[[Hal (band)]]" (also sound engineer and lecturer)

==Transport==

===Bus===
[[Dublin Bus]] routes 7b and 145 connect Shankill with the city centre. The 45a connects the area to [[Dún Laoghaire]] and routes 84 and 84a link the area with [[Blackrock, Dublin|Blackrock]]

The [[Aircoach]] service from Greystones to Dublin airport stops outside Brady's of Shankill (aka Mickey Byrne's Bar), en route to the airport.

===Rail===
[[Shankill station]] - located between Rathsallagh Park and Corbawn Lane - is the third-last stop on the Southbound leg of Dublin's [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART line]].

===Tram===
The closest LUAS stop (Green Line) is at Cherrywood, with regular connections bringing passengers into the heart of the city (St. Stephen's Green) in approx. 30 minutes.

===Road===
The [[N11 road (Ireland)|N11 national route]] used to run through Shankill, until the [[M11 motorway (Ireland)|M11]] bypass was built nearby.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.keepitlocalshankill.com/ Online Business and Traders Directory]
* [http://www.dlrcoco.ie/ Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council]
* [http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/ Shankill Tennis Club]
* [http://www.shankillweather.com/ Shankill weather]
* [http://www.luas.ie/routes-and-times/ Luas map]
* [http://www.irishrail.ie/shankill Irish Rail Shankill Station Website]

{{Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown}}
{{Dublin residential areas}}

[[Category:Places in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]

Puck’s Castle

2014-08-22T14:23:12Z

Wtwilson3: /* Dark Ages */ Add wikilink

{{about|the area of Dublin|the area of Belfast|Shankill, Belfast}}

{{cleanup|reason=Sentences need to be fixed. and needs sources.|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = Suburb of [[Dublin]]
|name = Shankill
|other_name = {{Pad top italic|Seanchill}}
|image_skyline = Shankill, County Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 1812269.jpg
|image_caption = Shankill
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_type = dim:100000_region:IE
|latd = 53.226
|longd = -6.124
|blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|O249220}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
|subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann
|subdivision_name3 = [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]]
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 30
|area_total_km2 = 6.4
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_urban = 13258
|population_footnotes = <ref name = "cso2006">{{cite web | title = Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area | work = Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=April 2007 | url = http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 2011-06-19}} The figure represents the sum of the populations of the Shankill-Rathmichael, Shankill-Rathsallagh and Shankill-Shanganagh electoral districts.</ref>
|area_code_type = Dialing code
|area_code = 01, +353 1
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Republic of Ireland|Postal district(s)]]
|postal_code = [[County Dublin]]
|website =
}}

'''Shankill''' ({{lga|Seanchill|Old Church}}) is a suburb of [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], situated in the administrative area of [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]. Located in the south-east of County Dublin, close to the border with County Wicklow, it has a population of 13,258 (2006 census).

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==History==
[[Image:SeanchillRock.jpeg|thumb|left|Bilingual welcome stone in [[English language|English]] and [[Irish language|Irish]].]]

===Name===
The name Shankill is believed to derive either from the Irish ''Sean-Chill'', meaning ''Old Church'', or ''Sean-Choill'', meaning ''Old Wood''.

===Dark Ages===
Shankill features a number of antiquities, including [[Ringfort|ráth]]s and [[cromlech]]s. Around 1230, there were forests that were cleared under the orders of the then owner of Shankill, Archbishop Luke. Courts for serious crimes in the style of [[assizes]] were conducted at Shankill during this period. To keep the native Gaelic Irish out, fortified gates protected parts of the townland.

The manor of Shankill was overrun by the native Irish and completely destroyed a century later. In response to these incursions, a large garrison was re-instated. The Irish were restrained from entering and the land was eventually re-let as grazing land.

===Middle Ages===
The Lawless family features prominently in the history of Shankill. In [[1408 in Ireland|1408]], family members took control of the seigniory of ''Shanganagh'' and, by [[1480 in Ireland|1480]], several branches of the family were residents of Shankill.

Between 1400 and 1600, a number of fortified structures - whose remains can still be seen to this day - were built: ''Shankill Castle'', ''Shanganagh Castle'' and a strong house known locally as ''Puck's Castle''. The Walsh family comes to prominence in the 16th century, building several further defensive structures in Shankill.

From 1640 onwards, the native Irish were subdued in a series of confrontations, leading to greater agricultural use of the lands. Around this time, Shankill was absorbed into the parish of Rathmichael.

The Walshes quit the lands of Shankill primarily due to the [[Act of Commonwealth]] which redistributed landowners and tenancies. After this, the Lawless families regained possession for the third time of lands around Shankill. The last Lawless died in 1795, whereupon the lands became the possession of the third Sir William Domvile, resident of nearby Loughlinstown House. The Domvile family was granted the lands surrounding Loughlinstown under [[the Restoration]].

===19th century===
Shankill and Rathmichael were the property of Sir Charles Compton William Domvile (1822–1884). Domvile was known as an uncompromising and ruthless landlord, and sought to change the usage of land from the smallholdings that existed at the time of his inheritance of the estate.

At this time, Shankill was a rural village, but Domvile intended to build grand [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]-style housing developments, squares and streets to gentrify the area, thereby making it attractive for wealthy Dublin city-based professionals to live in.

During Domvile's time, new roads and streets were laid out, as well as water mains which feed a relief tank from [[Vartry Reservoir]], continuing on to [[Stillorgan]] reservoir.

However, Domvile was an impetuous man, and acted unreasonably with his tenants and prospective buyers of estates on his holdings. His personal debts mounted as a result of his financing two large estates at Shankill and [[Santry]], ultimately resulting in his bankruptcy.

The net outcome of Domvile's actions was to halve the population of Shankill and Rathmichael during the 1860s. He evicted over 100 tenants, during a period of grinding poverty, and many were forced to re-negotiate their tenancies at usurious rates. Many of the evicted ended up in the local workhouse, the Rathdown Work Union, which is now the site of Loughlinstown Hospital.

A landowner with holdings adjacent to the Shankill townland, Benjamin Tilly, granted quarter-acre holdings to some of the evicted tenants. Tilly's land straddled the townland border into ''Shanganagh'' and thus the new holdings along the ''Shanganagh Road'' became known as ''Tillystown''. In 1871, there were over 60 houses, and around the start of the 20th century, this village became known as Shankill proper.

In 1911, a tract of land to the west of Shankill, known as ''New Vale'', was developed as labourers' cottages.

===20th, 21st centuries===
Shankill initially comprised large agricultural tracts broken into smallholdings for tenant farmers, and larger, grander estates with fine country houses, many which still exist today. Large housing estates - of varying size and quality - have been built on many of these estates. Recently, additional tracts of land have been sold to developers who have built higher density housing than the larger-plot housing estates constructed in the 1970s.

==Geography==
The townland of Shankill was originally located on lands further Northwest at [[Puck's Castle]]. Today, the area of Shankill is usually understood to include both Shankill and [[Rathmichael]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} (though historically Shankill was absorbed into Rathmichael parish, not vice versa), an area of around {{convert|6.5|km2|acre}}.

The townlands are bordered roughly by the points between [[Carrickgollogan]] Hill (278m) to the west, the [[Ballycorus Leadmines]] to the Northwest, [[Loughlinstown]] Hospital to the North, stretching to the coast from [[Rathsallagh River]] to the Southern Boundary of Tyrell's Land.

The centre of Shankill Village today consists primarily of a main street with shops, cafes, a public house, a post office, credit union and other retail outlets.

To the north of Shankill is the suburb of [[Killiney]] and, to the south, the town of [[Bray]], [[County Wicklow]].

==Local antiquities and features==
[[Image:Puck's Castle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.JPG|thumb|Puck's Castle.]]
[[Image:Ballycorus Lead Mines Chimney.jpeg|thumb|Ballycorus Chimney.]]
[[Image:Shanganagh Castle.JPG|thumb|Shanganagh Castle (18th century).]]
[[Image:Crinken-church-shankill.JPG|thumb|St. James's Church, Crinken (1840).]]

There are several antiquities in the area, including ruined churches and standing stones. The ruins of several castles and defensive type structures remain; including [[Puck's Castle]], [[Shankill Castle]], [[Shanganagh Castle]] and a [[Martello Tower]].

Some houses of architectural note include ''Clontra'', a coastal [[Gothic revival|Gothic]] mansion near Corbawn Wood and Quinn's Road, ''Crinken Castle House'', ''Crinken'', and ''Shanganagh House'', an imposing mansion now surrounded by local authority housing estates. Clontra was built for Dublin barrister James Anthony Lawson QC (later Attorney General of Ireland, Judge of the High Court and Privy Councillor) and designed by eminent 19th century architects [[Sir Thomas Newenham Deane]] and [[Benjamin Woodward]] in their trademark Italian medieval style. They are better known for their work on the [[Kildare Street Club]] and the museum building at [[Trinity College, Dublin]]. The local library is itself of note, formerly a courthouse built in the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] style of granite and [[mock Tudor]] features. There are also some [[folly]]s such as a mock round tower built of red brick in the Castle Farm Farmyard.

Traces of Dublin's industrial heritage remain, in particular the lead-mine chimney at Ballycorus. Other features of note include the 'upside down' houses by the [[Harcourt Street railway line]] bridge, which was the site of the original post office, and has its guest rooms downstairs, and its kitchen and living room upstairs. Shankill was accessible via the original Kingstown-Bray train line, which is now five metres from the sea in some places. A coastal wall was built from Killiney to Bray to try to stop the erosion, traces of which can still be seen along the beach. The medieval village of ''Longnon'' was sited some {{convert|200|yd|m}} east of Quinn's Road beach, but was completely obliterated by coastal erosion.

===Ballycorus Leadmines===

{{main|Ballycorus Leadmines}}
Site of a lead ore smelter, a mile long stone flue and a granite chimney on Carrickgollogan hill, which is visible from much of southeast Dublin.<ref>[http://www.metalprocessors.ie/mci/index.htm The Mining Company of Ireland Ltd., short history of mining operations at Ballycorus]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Dorney Court===

Originally called ''Clare Mount'', built c. 1832, this fine Victorian house was demolished in 1984. Now the site of Shankill Garda Station. The grounds still contain a few [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoia]] and [[Scots Pine]] trees following the felling of many of them in 1984.

===Carnegie Library===

Tudor-style library, architect R. M. Butler, 1912.<ref>[http://www.librarycouncil.ie/documents/AnTaisceCatalogue3.pdf An Taisce catalogue of photographs of Irish Carnegie Libraries]</ref>

===Clonasleigh===

Clonasleigh, a house replaced by Shankill Shopping Centre (now mostly closed), was lived in by Frederick W. Meredith, once President of the Law Society, in the early 1900s. The name has been retained locally in Clonasleigh, a road with 16 houses, off Corbawn Lane, located close to the original house.

===Clontra===

Gothic mansion designed by Deane and Woodward, 1860, interior murals by [[John Hungerford Pollen (senior)|John Hungerford Pollen]]. On {{convert|15|acre|m2}} of parkland by the coast, adjacent to Corbawn Wood estate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2560 |title=Clontra, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Ferndale House===

Large estate on several acres, seat of [[David Plunket, 1st Baron Rathmore]].

===Mullinastill House===

Former mill house, listed structure, set for several film scenes.

===Old Harcourt Street line===

Former railroad running from Dublin to Bray; closed in 1958.

===Defunct train line===

A spur at Tyrell's land to the main Dublin-Bray line. Closed in 1915.

===Puck's Castle===

The "castle," actually a fortified house, was built in the late 16th century. It provided a refuge in 1690 for [[James II of England|James II]] and his army fleeing the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. One explanation for its name is that a ghost or puca inhabited the castle.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3990 Pucks Castle, brief history & photos]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> In June 1867 the daughter of a local Englishman disappeared near the castle. Jane Eleanor Sherrard, daughter of Henry and Margaret Sherrard left her nearby home to pick flowers for the dinner table. When she failed to return home that evening the police were notified and a widespread search was conducted. The last ever confirmed sighting of Jane was by the local postman who reported to have seen her picking flowers at the foot of the castle's northern wall. To this day the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown.

===Rosedale and Locksley===

Twin Victorian country houses, built by Guinness master brewer Perry in the early 1860s.

===Shanganagh Castle===

Located near Mill Lane, built in 1408 by the Lawless family and inhabited by their descendants until 1763, the castle was left in ruins by a fire in 1783.

During the late 18th century, a mansion of the same name was rebuilt on extensive lands at the border of Shankill with County Wicklow. It was used as an [[open prison]] for juveniles between 1969 and 2002.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shanganagh Castle (18th century), brief history, old drawing & photo]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2556 |title=Shanganagh Castle (18th century), National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shanganagh House===

Later called ''Shanganagh Park'', this Georgian-era mansion was built c. 1823 for William Hopper. Later residents included the Darcy brewing family and racehorse breeder Frank Field. It was compulsorily purchased by [[Dublin County Council|Dublin Co. Council]] in 1970 and it now serves as a [[community centre]] and is surrounded by late 1970s council houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2557 |title=Shanganagh House, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shankill Castle===

Built by Archbishop [[Henry de Loundres]] in 1229; site of the ancient Shankill church. It is one of the oldest surviving structures in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2541 |title=Shankill Castle, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shankill Castle, brief history]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Rathmichael Church===

{{main|Rathmichael}}
Commissioned by Charles Domvile in 1860, designed by Benjamin Woodward, in the Hiberno-Romanesque style. The Domviles had their own high-backed chairs, behind red velvet curtains.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:Shanganagh House Shankill.jpg|Shanganagh House.
Image:Crinken House Shankill.jpg|Crinken.
Image:Old Shankill station.jpg|The old Shankill station house, hidden behind Shankill Business Centre.
Image:Shop at Shankill, County Dublin.jpg|Brady's pub.
</gallery>

==Amenities==
Sporting options in the area include soccer teams: Shankill FC, with schoolboy and schoolgirl sides, Valeview Shankill FC who are the current LSL Premier Saturday champions.

Shankill Tennis Club,<ref>http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/</ref> which opened a new clubhouse in 2007, is located at the junction of Quinn's Road and Corbawn Drive. Shankill Bowling Club - boasting an all-weather surface - is situated adjacent to the tennis club.

The [[trailhead]] of the [[Dublin Mountains Way]], a long distance walking route (43 km trail) across the [[Dublin Mountains]] between Shankill and [[Tallaght]] begins at Brady's pub on the main street.

''Brady's of Shankill''<ref>{{cite web|author=Page Created by: admin |url=http://www.johnbradygroup.ie/index.php/bradys-of-shankill/ |title=Brady’s of Shankill | John Brady Group |publisher=Johnbradygroup.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> is the main pub/restaurant/off-licence complex in the village. In June 2012, it was voted 'Best Local Pub In Ireland'.<ref>{{cite web|author=18 July 2012 |url=http://www.braypeople.ie/Temp/bradys-wins-top-honours-as-irelands-local-of-the-year-3176739.html |title=Brady's wins top honours as Ireland's 'Local of the Year' - Independent.ie |publisher=Braypeople.ie |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> Shankill is also served by convenience stores, cafes, take-away restaurants and bookmakers, as well as a flower shop, barbers, video store, camera shop and Envy Hair and Beauty salon,<ref>http://www.envy.ie</ref> located in Shankill Shopping Centre. The local [[Credit Union]] has a substantial office on the main street. There is also a public library and, until relatively recently, one of Dublin's few remaining campsites. The latter has now been developed into an apartment complex.

In 2007, Shankill won the 'National Best Urban Village' award and two other awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shankillmatters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=0&Itemid=76/ |title=Shankill Tidy Towns 2007 awards |publisher=Shankillmatters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> in the [[Irish Tidy Towns Competition|Tidy Towns]] Competition. Efforts by the Tidy Towns committee and residents' associations to improve the appearance and quality of the local environment are ongoing.

===Education===
Shankill has three primary schools: ''Saint Anne's National School'' and ''Scoil Mhuire'' (both Roman Catholic), and ''Rathmichael Parish School'' (Church of Ireland).

===Religion===
Shankill has one Roman Catholic church, St Anne's, and two Church of Ireland (Anglican) churches, which are located at opposite ends of the village - Crinken (to the south) and [[Rathmichael]] (to the west) There are no evening masses on Confirmation Days and other Catholic events.

===The other Shankill===
Like its namesake the Shankill district of [[Belfast]], Dublin's Shankill also has its own Falls Road. Occasionally, the primary schools and community groups in both Shankills hold football or other sporting events to promote closer North-South ties. Shankill (Co. Dublin) native Charlie Martin received an honorary [[MBE]] in April 2006 for his work in this field.

==People==
* [[Des Cahill]], [[RTÉ]] sports journalist.
* [[Eamon Gilmore]] Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party (2011).
* [[Pádraig Harrington]], professional golfer and three-time Major winner.
* [[George Morrison (documentary maker)|George Morrison]], director of ''[[Mise Éire]]'' and other documentaries.
* [[Stephen O'Brien]] Member of the band "[[Hal (band)]]" (also sound engineer and lecturer)

==Transport==

===Bus===
[[Dublin Bus]] routes 7b and 145 connect Shankill with the city centre. The 45a connects the area to [[Dún Laoghaire]] and routes 84 and 84a link the area with [[Blackrock, Dublin|Blackrock]]

The [[Aircoach]] service from Greystones to Dublin airport stops outside Brady's of Shankill (aka Mickey Byrne's Bar), en route to the airport.

===Rail===
[[Shankill station]] - located between Rathsallagh Park and Corbawn Lane - is the third-last stop on the Southbound leg of Dublin's [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART line]].

===Tram===
The closest LUAS stop (Green Line) is at Cherrywood, with regular connections bringing passengers into the heart of the city (St. Stephen's Green) in approx. 30 minutes.

===Road===
The [[N11 road (Ireland)|N11 national route]] used to run through Shankill, until the [[M11 motorway (Ireland)|M11]] bypass was built nearby.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.keepitlocalshankill.com/ Online Business and Traders Directory]
* [http://www.dlrcoco.ie/ Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council]
* [http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/ Shankill Tennis Club]
* [http://www.shankillweather.com/ Shankill weather]
* [http://www.luas.ie/routes-and-times/ Luas map]
* [http://www.irishrail.ie/shankill Irish Rail Shankill Station Website]

{{Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown}}
{{Dublin residential areas}}

[[Category:Places in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]

Shanganagh Castle

2014-08-22T14:23:12Z

Wtwilson3: /* Dark Ages */ Add wikilink

{{about|the area of Dublin|the area of Belfast|Shankill, Belfast}}

{{cleanup|reason=Sentences need to be fixed. and needs sources.|date=May 2014}}
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = Suburb of [[Dublin]]
|name = Shankill
|other_name = {{Pad top italic|Seanchill}}
|image_skyline = Shankill, County Dublin - geograph.org.uk - 1812269.jpg
|image_caption = Shankill
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = bottom
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|coordinates_display = inline,title
|coordinates_type = dim:100000_region:IE
|latd = 53.226
|longd = -6.124
|blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|O249220}}
|subdivision_type = [[List of sovereign states|Country]]
|subdivision_name = [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]]
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Local government in the Republic of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]
|subdivision_type3 = Dáil Éireann
|subdivision_name3 = [[Dún Laoghaire (Dáil Éireann constituency)|Dún Laoghaire]]
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 30
|area_total_km2 = 6.4
|population_as_of = 2006
|population_urban = 13258
|population_footnotes = <ref name = "cso2006">{{cite web | title = Census 2006 – Volume 1 – Population Classified by Area | work = Central Statistics Office Census 2006 Reports | publisher = [[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office Ireland]] |date=April 2007 | url = http://www.cso.ie/census/documents/census2006_volume_1_pop_classified_by_area.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate = 2011-06-19}} The figure represents the sum of the populations of the Shankill-Rathmichael, Shankill-Rathsallagh and Shankill-Shanganagh electoral districts.</ref>
|area_code_type = Dialing code
|area_code = 01, +353 1
|postal_code_type = [[Postal codes in the Republic of Ireland|Postal district(s)]]
|postal_code = [[County Dublin]]
|website =
}}

'''Shankill''' ({{lga|Seanchill|Old Church}}) is a suburb of [[Dublin]], [[Republic of Ireland|Ireland]], situated in the administrative area of [[Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]. Located in the south-east of County Dublin, close to the border with County Wicklow, it has a population of 13,258 (2006 census).

{{TOClimit|limit=2}}

==History==
[[Image:SeanchillRock.jpeg|thumb|left|Bilingual welcome stone in [[English language|English]] and [[Irish language|Irish]].]]

===Name===
The name Shankill is believed to derive either from the Irish ''Sean-Chill'', meaning ''Old Church'', or ''Sean-Choill'', meaning ''Old Wood''.

===Dark Ages===
Shankill features a number of antiquities, including [[Ringfort|ráth]]s and [[cromlech]]s. Around 1230, there were forests that were cleared under the orders of the then owner of Shankill, Archbishop Luke. Courts for serious crimes in the style of [[assizes]] were conducted at Shankill during this period. To keep the native Gaelic Irish out, fortified gates protected parts of the townland.

The manor of Shankill was overrun by the native Irish and completely destroyed a century later. In response to these incursions, a large garrison was re-instated. The Irish were restrained from entering and the land was eventually re-let as grazing land.

===Middle Ages===
The Lawless family features prominently in the history of Shankill. In [[1408 in Ireland|1408]], family members took control of the seigniory of ''Shanganagh'' and, by [[1480 in Ireland|1480]], several branches of the family were residents of Shankill.

Between 1400 and 1600, a number of fortified structures - whose remains can still be seen to this day - were built: ''Shankill Castle'', ''Shanganagh Castle'' and a strong house known locally as ''Puck's Castle''. The Walsh family comes to prominence in the 16th century, building several further defensive structures in Shankill.

From 1640 onwards, the native Irish were subdued in a series of confrontations, leading to greater agricultural use of the lands. Around this time, Shankill was absorbed into the parish of Rathmichael.

The Walshes quit the lands of Shankill primarily due to the [[Act of Commonwealth]] which redistributed landowners and tenancies. After this, the Lawless families regained possession for the third time of lands around Shankill. The last Lawless died in 1795, whereupon the lands became the possession of the third Sir William Domvile, resident of nearby Loughlinstown House. The Domvile family was granted the lands surrounding Loughlinstown under [[the Restoration]].

===19th century===
Shankill and Rathmichael were the property of Sir Charles Compton William Domvile (1822–1884). Domvile was known as an uncompromising and ruthless landlord, and sought to change the usage of land from the smallholdings that existed at the time of his inheritance of the estate.

At this time, Shankill was a rural village, but Domvile intended to build grand [[Georgian architecture|Georgian]]-style housing developments, squares and streets to gentrify the area, thereby making it attractive for wealthy Dublin city-based professionals to live in.

During Domvile's time, new roads and streets were laid out, as well as water mains which feed a relief tank from [[Vartry Reservoir]], continuing on to [[Stillorgan]] reservoir.

However, Domvile was an impetuous man, and acted unreasonably with his tenants and prospective buyers of estates on his holdings. His personal debts mounted as a result of his financing two large estates at Shankill and [[Santry]], ultimately resulting in his bankruptcy.

The net outcome of Domvile's actions was to halve the population of Shankill and Rathmichael during the 1860s. He evicted over 100 tenants, during a period of grinding poverty, and many were forced to re-negotiate their tenancies at usurious rates. Many of the evicted ended up in the local workhouse, the Rathdown Work Union, which is now the site of Loughlinstown Hospital.

A landowner with holdings adjacent to the Shankill townland, Benjamin Tilly, granted quarter-acre holdings to some of the evicted tenants. Tilly's land straddled the townland border into ''Shanganagh'' and thus the new holdings along the ''Shanganagh Road'' became known as ''Tillystown''. In 1871, there were over 60 houses, and around the start of the 20th century, this village became known as Shankill proper.

In 1911, a tract of land to the west of Shankill, known as ''New Vale'', was developed as labourers' cottages.

===20th, 21st centuries===
Shankill initially comprised large agricultural tracts broken into smallholdings for tenant farmers, and larger, grander estates with fine country houses, many which still exist today. Large housing estates - of varying size and quality - have been built on many of these estates. Recently, additional tracts of land have been sold to developers who have built higher density housing than the larger-plot housing estates constructed in the 1970s.

==Geography==
The townland of Shankill was originally located on lands further Northwest at [[Puck's Castle]]. Today, the area of Shankill is usually understood to include both Shankill and [[Rathmichael]]{{Citation needed|date=June 2008}} (though historically Shankill was absorbed into Rathmichael parish, not vice versa), an area of around {{convert|6.5|km2|acre}}.

The townlands are bordered roughly by the points between [[Carrickgollogan]] Hill (278m) to the west, the [[Ballycorus Leadmines]] to the Northwest, [[Loughlinstown]] Hospital to the North, stretching to the coast from [[Rathsallagh River]] to the Southern Boundary of Tyrell's Land.

The centre of Shankill Village today consists primarily of a main street with shops, cafes, a public house, a post office, credit union and other retail outlets.

To the north of Shankill is the suburb of [[Killiney]] and, to the south, the town of [[Bray]], [[County Wicklow]].

==Local antiquities and features==
[[Image:Puck's Castle, Co. Dublin, Ireland.JPG|thumb|Puck's Castle.]]
[[Image:Ballycorus Lead Mines Chimney.jpeg|thumb|Ballycorus Chimney.]]
[[Image:Shanganagh Castle.JPG|thumb|Shanganagh Castle (18th century).]]
[[Image:Crinken-church-shankill.JPG|thumb|St. James's Church, Crinken (1840).]]

There are several antiquities in the area, including ruined churches and standing stones. The ruins of several castles and defensive type structures remain; including [[Puck's Castle]], [[Shankill Castle]], [[Shanganagh Castle]] and a [[Martello Tower]].

Some houses of architectural note include ''Clontra'', a coastal [[Gothic revival|Gothic]] mansion near Corbawn Wood and Quinn's Road, ''Crinken Castle House'', ''Crinken'', and ''Shanganagh House'', an imposing mansion now surrounded by local authority housing estates. Clontra was built for Dublin barrister James Anthony Lawson QC (later Attorney General of Ireland, Judge of the High Court and Privy Councillor) and designed by eminent 19th century architects [[Sir Thomas Newenham Deane]] and [[Benjamin Woodward]] in their trademark Italian medieval style. They are better known for their work on the [[Kildare Street Club]] and the museum building at [[Trinity College, Dublin]]. The local library is itself of note, formerly a courthouse built in the [[Victorian architecture|Victorian]] style of granite and [[mock Tudor]] features. There are also some [[folly]]s such as a mock round tower built of red brick in the Castle Farm Farmyard.

Traces of Dublin's industrial heritage remain, in particular the lead-mine chimney at Ballycorus. Other features of note include the 'upside down' houses by the [[Harcourt Street railway line]] bridge, which was the site of the original post office, and has its guest rooms downstairs, and its kitchen and living room upstairs. Shankill was accessible via the original Kingstown-Bray train line, which is now five metres from the sea in some places. A coastal wall was built from Killiney to Bray to try to stop the erosion, traces of which can still be seen along the beach. The medieval village of ''Longnon'' was sited some {{convert|200|yd|m}} east of Quinn's Road beach, but was completely obliterated by coastal erosion.

===Ballycorus Leadmines===

{{main|Ballycorus Leadmines}}
Site of a lead ore smelter, a mile long stone flue and a granite chimney on Carrickgollogan hill, which is visible from much of southeast Dublin.<ref>[http://www.metalprocessors.ie/mci/index.htm The Mining Company of Ireland Ltd., short history of mining operations at Ballycorus]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Dorney Court===

Originally called ''Clare Mount'', built c. 1832, this fine Victorian house was demolished in 1984. Now the site of Shankill Garda Station. The grounds still contain a few [[Sequoia sempervirens|Sequoia]] and [[Scots Pine]] trees following the felling of many of them in 1984.

===Carnegie Library===

Tudor-style library, architect R. M. Butler, 1912.<ref>[http://www.librarycouncil.ie/documents/AnTaisceCatalogue3.pdf An Taisce catalogue of photographs of Irish Carnegie Libraries]</ref>

===Clonasleigh===

Clonasleigh, a house replaced by Shankill Shopping Centre (now mostly closed), was lived in by Frederick W. Meredith, once President of the Law Society, in the early 1900s. The name has been retained locally in Clonasleigh, a road with 16 houses, off Corbawn Lane, located close to the original house.

===Clontra===

Gothic mansion designed by Deane and Woodward, 1860, interior murals by [[John Hungerford Pollen (senior)|John Hungerford Pollen]]. On {{convert|15|acre|m2}} of parkland by the coast, adjacent to Corbawn Wood estate.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2560 |title=Clontra, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Ferndale House===

Large estate on several acres, seat of [[David Plunket, 1st Baron Rathmore]].

===Mullinastill House===

Former mill house, listed structure, set for several film scenes.

===Old Harcourt Street line===

Former railroad running from Dublin to Bray; closed in 1958.

===Defunct train line===

A spur at Tyrell's land to the main Dublin-Bray line. Closed in 1915.

===Puck's Castle===

The "castle," actually a fortified house, was built in the late 16th century. It provided a refuge in 1690 for [[James II of England|James II]] and his army fleeing the [[Battle of the Boyne]]. One explanation for its name is that a ghost or puca inhabited the castle.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3990 Pucks Castle, brief history & photos]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref> In June 1867 the daughter of a local Englishman disappeared near the castle. Jane Eleanor Sherrard, daughter of Henry and Margaret Sherrard left her nearby home to pick flowers for the dinner table. When she failed to return home that evening the police were notified and a widespread search was conducted. The last ever confirmed sighting of Jane was by the local postman who reported to have seen her picking flowers at the foot of the castle's northern wall. To this day the circumstances surrounding her disappearance remain unknown.

===Rosedale and Locksley===

Twin Victorian country houses, built by Guinness master brewer Perry in the early 1860s.

===Shanganagh Castle===

Located near Mill Lane, built in 1408 by the Lawless family and inhabited by their descendants until 1763, the castle was left in ruins by a fire in 1783.

During the late 18th century, a mansion of the same name was rebuilt on extensive lands at the border of Shankill with County Wicklow. It was used as an [[open prison]] for juveniles between 1969 and 2002.<ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shanganagh Castle (18th century), brief history, old drawing & photo]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2556 |title=Shanganagh Castle (18th century), National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shanganagh House===

Later called ''Shanganagh Park'', this Georgian-era mansion was built c. 1823 for William Hopper. Later residents included the Darcy brewing family and racehorse breeder Frank Field. It was compulsorily purchased by [[Dublin County Council|Dublin Co. Council]] in 1970 and it now serves as a [[community centre]] and is surrounded by late 1970s council houses.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2557 |title=Shanganagh House, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref>

===Shankill Castle===

Built by Archbishop [[Henry de Loundres]] in 1229; site of the ancient Shankill church. It is one of the oldest surviving structures in the area.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.buildingsofireland.ie/cgi-bin/viewsurveyresults.cgi?siteid=2541 |title=Shankill Castle, National Inventory of Architectural Heritage |publisher=Buildingsofireland.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref><ref>[http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page.do?page_id=3992 Shankill Castle, brief history]{{dead link|date=August 2013}}</ref>

===Rathmichael Church===

{{main|Rathmichael}}
Commissioned by Charles Domvile in 1860, designed by Benjamin Woodward, in the Hiberno-Romanesque style. The Domviles had their own high-backed chairs, behind red velvet curtains.

===Gallery===
<gallery>
Image:Shanganagh House Shankill.jpg|Shanganagh House.
Image:Crinken House Shankill.jpg|Crinken.
Image:Old Shankill station.jpg|The old Shankill station house, hidden behind Shankill Business Centre.
Image:Shop at Shankill, County Dublin.jpg|Brady's pub.
</gallery>

==Amenities==
Sporting options in the area include soccer teams: Shankill FC, with schoolboy and schoolgirl sides, Valeview Shankill FC who are the current LSL Premier Saturday champions.

Shankill Tennis Club,<ref>http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/</ref> which opened a new clubhouse in 2007, is located at the junction of Quinn's Road and Corbawn Drive. Shankill Bowling Club - boasting an all-weather surface - is situated adjacent to the tennis club.

The [[trailhead]] of the [[Dublin Mountains Way]], a long distance walking route (43 km trail) across the [[Dublin Mountains]] between Shankill and [[Tallaght]] begins at Brady's pub on the main street.

''Brady's of Shankill''<ref>{{cite web|author=Page Created by: admin |url=http://www.johnbradygroup.ie/index.php/bradys-of-shankill/ |title=Brady’s of Shankill | John Brady Group |publisher=Johnbradygroup.ie |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> is the main pub/restaurant/off-licence complex in the village. In June 2012, it was voted 'Best Local Pub In Ireland'.<ref>{{cite web|author=18 July 2012 |url=http://www.braypeople.ie/Temp/bradys-wins-top-honours-as-irelands-local-of-the-year-3176739.html |title=Brady's wins top honours as Ireland's 'Local of the Year' - Independent.ie |publisher=Braypeople.ie |date=2012-07-18 |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> Shankill is also served by convenience stores, cafes, take-away restaurants and bookmakers, as well as a flower shop, barbers, video store, camera shop and Envy Hair and Beauty salon,<ref>http://www.envy.ie</ref> located in Shankill Shopping Centre. The local [[Credit Union]] has a substantial office on the main street. There is also a public library and, until relatively recently, one of Dublin's few remaining campsites. The latter has now been developed into an apartment complex.

In 2007, Shankill won the 'National Best Urban Village' award and two other awards<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.shankillmatters.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=blogcategory&id=0&Itemid=76/ |title=Shankill Tidy Towns 2007 awards |publisher=Shankillmatters.com |date= |accessdate=2013-08-24}}</ref> in the [[Irish Tidy Towns Competition|Tidy Towns]] Competition. Efforts by the Tidy Towns committee and residents' associations to improve the appearance and quality of the local environment are ongoing.

===Education===
Shankill has three primary schools: ''Saint Anne's National School'' and ''Scoil Mhuire'' (both Roman Catholic), and ''Rathmichael Parish School'' (Church of Ireland).

===Religion===
Shankill has one Roman Catholic church, St Anne's, and two Church of Ireland (Anglican) churches, which are located at opposite ends of the village - Crinken (to the south) and [[Rathmichael]] (to the west) There are no evening masses on Confirmation Days and other Catholic events.

===The other Shankill===
Like its namesake the Shankill district of [[Belfast]], Dublin's Shankill also has its own Falls Road. Occasionally, the primary schools and community groups in both Shankills hold football or other sporting events to promote closer North-South ties. Shankill (Co. Dublin) native Charlie Martin received an honorary [[MBE]] in April 2006 for his work in this field.

==People==
* [[Des Cahill]], [[RTÉ]] sports journalist.
* [[Eamon Gilmore]] Tánaiste and leader of the Labour Party (2011).
* [[Pádraig Harrington]], professional golfer and three-time Major winner.
* [[George Morrison (documentary maker)|George Morrison]], director of ''[[Mise Éire]]'' and other documentaries.
* [[Stephen O'Brien]] Member of the band "[[Hal (band)]]" (also sound engineer and lecturer)

==Transport==

===Bus===
[[Dublin Bus]] routes 7b and 145 connect Shankill with the city centre. The 45a connects the area to [[Dún Laoghaire]] and routes 84 and 84a link the area with [[Blackrock, Dublin|Blackrock]]

The [[Aircoach]] service from Greystones to Dublin airport stops outside Brady's of Shankill (aka Mickey Byrne's Bar), en route to the airport.

===Rail===
[[Shankill station]] - located between Rathsallagh Park and Corbawn Lane - is the third-last stop on the Southbound leg of Dublin's [[Dublin Area Rapid Transit|DART line]].

===Tram===
The closest LUAS stop (Green Line) is at Cherrywood, with regular connections bringing passengers into the heart of the city (St. Stephen's Green) in approx. 30 minutes.

===Road===
The [[N11 road (Ireland)|N11 national route]] used to run through Shankill, until the [[M11 motorway (Ireland)|M11]] bypass was built nearby.

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
{{commons category}}
* [http://www.keepitlocalshankill.com/ Online Business and Traders Directory]
* [http://www.dlrcoco.ie/ Dún Laoghaire-Rathdown County Council]
* [http://www.shankilltennisclub.com/ Shankill Tennis Club]
* [http://www.shankillweather.com/ Shankill weather]
* [http://www.luas.ie/routes-and-times/ Luas map]
* [http://www.irishrail.ie/shankill Irish Rail Shankill Station Website]

{{Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown}}
{{Dublin residential areas}}

[[Category:Places in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown]]

Zoe Sugg

2014-08-11T19:45:44Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 2 pending edits by 79.11.61.18 to revision 620767094 by 85.244.163.4: Malformed reference, ungrammatical.

{{pp-pc1}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2014}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Zoe Sugg
| image = Zoe Sugg by Gage Skidmore.jpg
| caption = Sugg at [[VidCon]] 2014
| birth_name = Zoe Elizabeth Sugg
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1990|3|28|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Lacock, Wiltshire]], [[England]], UK
| occupation = YouTuber, vlogger, blogger
| nationality = British
| partner = [[Alfie Deyes]] (2013–present)
| years_active = 2009–present
| website = {{url|http://www.zoella.co.uk}}
}}
'''Zoe Elizabeth Sugg''' (born 28 March 1990) is an English fashion and beauty [[vlogger]] and internet personality. She is best known by her fans and viewers on [[YouTube]] as '''Zoella'''.

== Personal life ==
Sugg is the older sister of [[Joe Sugg]], who is known on the site as ThatcherJoe.<ref name="Woods">{{cite web|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/women/mother-tongue/10742668/Zoella-The-squeaky-clean-big-sister-no-teen-should-be-without.html|title=Zoella: The squeaky clean big sister no teen should be without|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=3 April 2014|accessdate=7 April 2014|first=Judith|last=Woods}}</ref> She grew up in [[Lacock, Wiltshire]] and currently lives in [[Brighton]].<ref name="Woods"/><ref name="ft">{{cite web|last=Ford |first=Jonathan |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/fa5e47c6-0d9b-11e4-815f-00144feabdc0.html |title=Lunch with the FT: Zoella |work=[[Financial Times]] |date=2014-07-18 |accessdate=2014-07-28}}</ref><ref name="Edmonds">{{cite web|last=Edmonds |first=Lizzie |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2613963/Rise-squeaky-clean-video-bloggers-taking-internet-storm-earn-20-000-MONTH-posting-advice-videogames-shopping-online.html |title=Video bloggers taking internet by storm and earn £20,000 a MONTH for posts |work=[[The Daily Mail]] |date=2014-04-26 |accessdate=2014-07-10}}</ref>

She is currently in a relationship with [[Alfie Deyes]], known on YouTube as PointlessBlog.<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/main-topics/film-and-tv/937667/marcus-butler-alfie-deyes-zoella-and-more-youtubers-hit-red-carpet-on|title=Marcus Butler, Alfie Deyes, Zoella and more YouTubers hit the red carpet of the One Direction This Is Us premiere|magazine=[[Sugarscape.com|Sugarscape]]|first=Lucy|last=Wood|date=20 August 2013|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.andpop.com/2014/02/03/must-follow-monday-zoella-zoe-sugg/|title=Must Follow Monday: Zoella (Zoe Sugg)|first=Brittany Goldfield|last=Rodrigues|work=ANDPOP|date=3 February 2014|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> The couple, also known online as Zalfie - a [[portmanteau]] of their names, won the Sugarscape award for the cutest YouTube couple in 2013.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/main-topics/film-and-tv/988330/winners-sugarscapes-youtuber-awards-2013 |title=The Winners: Sugarscape'S Youtuber Awards 2013 |first=Kate |last=Lucey |work=Sugarscape |date=2013-11-25 |accessdate=2014-08-05}}</ref>

== Career ==
Sugg was working as an apprentice at an [[interior design]] company when she created her blog, 'Zoella', in February 2009; {{as of|2014|3|lc=true}} it has 140 million total visits.<ref name="ft"/><ref name="sugarscape">{{cite web|author=Linds Fole|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/node/1023843|title=Zoella talks YouTube: 'I'm not a celebrity, I'm just a normal girl. My subscribers see me as a friend'|magazine=[[Sugarscape.com|Sugarscape]]|date=9 March 2014|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last=Harvey|first=Declan|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/24726895|title=Meet the vloggers: Self employed and 'worth a fortune'|work=[[Newsbeat]]|date=13 November 2013|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> The fashion, beauty and lifestyle blog expanded into a [[YouTube]] channel in 2009.<ref name="telegraph">{{cite news|first=Rhiannon|last=Williams|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/internet/10667632/Digital-natives-25-internet-success-stories-aged-25-and-under.html|title=Digital natives: 25 internet success stories aged 25 and under|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=28 February 2014|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> Her main channel, Zoella, first named 'zoella280390' after her birth date, is mostly fashion, beauty hauls and "favourites" videos (showing her favourite products of the previous month).<ref name="mirror">{{cite web|last=Retter |first=Emily |url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/zoe-sugg---most-famous-3671787 |title=Zoe Sugg - the most famous woman in Britain you've never heard of |work=[[Daily Mirror]] |date=2014-06-11 |accessdate=2014-06-23}}</ref><ref name="guardian">{{cite web|first=Alison |last=Flood |url=http://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jun/17/zoe-sugg-two-book-deal-novels-zoella |title=Zoe Sugg's YouTube success wins her two-book deal for novels |work=[[The Guardian]] |date=2014-06-17 |accessdate=2014-06-23}}</ref> Her second channel, MoreZoella, contains mostly [[vlogs]] where she lets her viewers see what she is doing that day.<ref name="Woods"/> She is a member of the [[Style Haul]] [[Multi-channel network|network]] and is [[Talent agent|represented]] by Dominic Smales at Gleam Futures.<ref name="ft"/><ref name="mirror"/><ref name="guardian"/> Sugg also appears alongside many other YouTubers on the channel DailyMix, which is managed by Gleam.<ref name="mirror"/> Sugg has done many collaborations on her channel Zoella with other YouTubers, including: [[Tanya Burr]], [[Alfie Deyes]], [[Tyler Oakley]], [[Troye Sivan]], [[Grace Helbig]], and many others.

In 2013, Sugg was named as one of the [[National Citizen Service]]'s ambassadors, helping to promote the newly launched youth service.<ref>{{cite journal|first=Carl|last=Smith|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/main-topics/film-and-tv/955358/youtubers-alfie-deyes-zoella-and-jim-chapman-team-national-citizen-se|title=YouTubers Alfie Deyes, Zoella and Jim Chapman team up with the National Citizen Service|magazine=[[Sugarscape.com|Sugarscape]]|date=10 September 2013|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.northdevonjournal.co.uk/YouTube-sensations-Zoella-Sugg-Jim-Chapman/story-19464921-detail/story.html|title=YouTube sensations Zoella Sugg, Jim Chapman and Frankie Vu visit North Devon|newspaper=[[North Devon Journal]]|first=Sophie|last=Prideaux|date=3 July 2013|accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> Sugg is influential through [[social media]], being mentioned by ''[[The Daily Telegraph|The Telegraph]]'' as one of "Britain's most influential Tweeters" in 2013.<ref name="Audley">{{cite web|first=Alice |last=Audley |url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/10742430/Social-media-sensations-top-UK-Beauty-YouTubers.html|title=Social media sensations: top UK Beauty YouTubers|work=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=18 July 2014|accessdate=7 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|first=Miranda|last=Prynne|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/twitter/10416649/Britains-most-influential-tweeters.html|title=Britain's most influential tweeters|newspaper=[[The Daily Telegraph]]|date=31 October 2013|accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> {{As of|2014|8}}, Sugg's main YouTube channel has over 5.5 million subscribers and over 230 million video views, and is the 74th most subscribed channel on the website; her second channel "MoreZoella" has over 2 million subscribers and over 100 million video views.<ref name="sugarscape"/><ref name="mirror"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidstatsx.com/zoella280390/youtube-channel|title=Zoella YouTube Channel Stats, Subscriber Statistics, Ranking|publisher=Vidstatsx.com|accessdate=15 April 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://vidstatsx.com/MoreZoella/youtube-channel|title=MoreZoella YouTube Channel Stats, Subscriber Statistics, Ranking|publisher=Vidstatsx.com|accessdate=8 August 2014}}</ref> She also has over 1 million followers on [[Twitter]] and over 2 million on [[Instagram]].<ref name="Woods"/><ref name="telegraph"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.digitaljournal.com/internet/op-ed-is-vlogging-becoming-the-latest-career-for-generation-y/article/387215 |title=Op-Ed: Is ‘vlogging’ becoming the latest career for Generation Y? |work=[[Digital Journal]] |date=2014-06-20 |accessdate=2014-07-28}}</ref>

In June 2014 Sugg was a guest panellist on the daytime [[chat show]] ''[[Loose Women]]''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.sugarscape.com/main-topics/film-and-tv/1047404/zoella-looks-very-lovely-she-appears-loose-women-try-and-explain-wor |title=Zoella looks very lovely as she appears on Loose Women to try and explain the world of YouTube to Katie Price |first=Lucy |last=Wood |work=[[Sugarscape.com]] |date=2014-06-21 |accessdate=2014-06-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Shenton |first=Zoe |url=http://www.mirror.co.uk/3am/celebrity-news/recap-katie-price-co-hosts-loose-3730598 |title=Recap: Katie Price co-hosts Loose Women - all the gossip as it happened |work=[[The Mirror]] |date=2014-06-20 |accessdate=2014-06-23}}</ref> She also appeared on ''[[This Morning (TV programme)|This Morning]]'' in July 2014, to talk about [[social anxiety]].<ref>{{cite web|last=White |first=Julia |url=https://uk.celebrity.yahoo.com/gossip/omg/this-morning-spell-youtuber-zoe-sugg-s-name-wrong-twitter-goes-ballistic-113328491.html |title=This Morning Spell Youtuber Zoella's Name Wrong, Twitter Goes Ballistic |publisher=[[Yahoo.com]] |date=2014-07-10 |accessdate=2014-07-10}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://entertainment.stv.tv/tv/282232-this-morning-beauty-and-fashion-vlogger-zoella-on-overcoming-anxiety/ |title=This Morning: Beauty and fashion vlogger Zoella on overcoming anxiety |publisher=[[STV]] |date=2014-07-10 |accessdate=2014-07-10}}</ref>

===''Girl Online''===
Sugg signed a [[book deal|two-book deal]] with [[Penguin Books]] in 2014, with her debut novel ''Girl Online'' due for release in November of the same year.<ref name="guardian"/><ref name="bookseller">{{cite web|first=Charlotte |last=Eyre |url=http://www.thebookseller.com/news/penguin-childrens-signs-vlogger-zoella.html |title=Penguin Children's signs vlogger Zoella |work=[[The Bookseller]] |date=2010-07-20 |accessdate=2014-06-23}}</ref><ref name="pw">{{cite web|last=Deahl |first=Rachel |url=http://www.publishersweekly.com/pw/by-topic/industry-news/book-deals/article/62992-book-deals-week-of-june-23-2014.html |title=Book Deals: Week of June 23, 2014 |work=[[Publishers Weekly]] |date=2014-06-23 |accessdate=2014-07-28}}</ref> The North American publishing rights were purchased by [[Atria (imprint)|Atria]].<ref name="pw"/> The fictional book is aimed at a [[Young-adult fiction|young adult]] audience and is loosely autobiographical,<ref>{{cite web|first=Alicia |last=Adejobi |url=http://www.entertainmentwise.com/news/152543/Girl-Online-YouTube-Sensation-Zoe-Zoella-Sugg-To-Become-Novelist-After-Signing-Two-Book-Deal |title=YouTube Sensation Zoe 'Zoella' Sugg To Become Novelist After Signing Two-Book Deal |work=[[Gigwise|EntertainmentWise]] |date=2014-06-17 |accessdate=2014-06-23}}</ref> surrounding a 15-year-old anonymous [[blog]]ger and what happens when her blog goes [[Viral phenomenon|viral]].<ref name="bookseller"/>

==Awards and nominations==
Sugg won the 2011 [[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]] Blog Award in the 'Best Established Beauty Blog' category and went on to win the 'Best Beauty Vlogger' award the following year.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thevideoink.com/features/zoella-a-star-from-across-the-pond |first=Tara |last=Donaldson |title=Business of Beauty: Zoella, A Star from Across the Pond |publisher=VideoInk |date=12 July 2013 |accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|first=Jordan |last=Howell |url=http://www.imediamonkey.com/2013/08/30/zoella-bypasses-2-million-youtube-subscribers/ |title=Zoella bypasses 2 million YouTube subscribers |publisher=Imediamonkey.com |date=30 August 2013 |accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Travers |first=Penny |url=http://www.cosmopolitan.co.uk/blogs/cosmo-blog-awards-2013/Cosmo_Blog_Awards_2012_winners_and_highly_commended_revealed |title=Cosmo Blog Awards 2012 winners |magazine=[[Cosmopolitan (magazine)|Cosmopolitan]] |date=5 October 2012 |accessdate=11 March 2014}}</ref> She was also awarded the 2013 "Best British Vlogger" award at the [[BBC Radio 1|Radio 1]] Teen Awards;<ref name="ft"/><ref>{{cite journal|url=http://www.company.co.uk/beauty/zoella-radio-1-teen-awards-winners-2013 |title=YAY: Zoella Wins At Radio 1 Teen Awards! |work=[[Company (magazine)|Company]] |date=15 September 2011 |accessdate=10 March 2014}}</ref> the 2014 [[Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards|Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Award]] for "UK Favourite Vlogger";<ref name="Woods"/><ref>{{cite web | title=Winners | work=Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards 2014 | url=http://kca.nick.co.uk/winners | accessdate=2 April 2014}}</ref> and the [[2014 Teen Choice Awards|2014 Teen Choice Award]] for "Choice Web Star: Fashion/Beauty".<ref>{{cite web|first=Brian Anthony |last=Hernandez |url=http://mashable.com/2014/08/10/teen-choice-awards-winners-web-youtube-vine/ |title=YouTube and Vine Stars Win Big for #TeamInternet at Teen Choice Awards |publisher=[[Mashable]] |date=2014-08-10 |accessdate=2014-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Yahr |first=Emily |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/style-blog/wp/2014/08/11/teen-choice-awards-claims-of-rigged-winners-cause-teen-meltdown-on-twitter/ |title=Teen Choice Awards: Claims of ‘rigged’ winners cause teen meltdown on Twitter |publisher=The Washington Post |date=2014-08-11 |accessdate=2014-08-11}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://www.zoella.co.uk}}
* {{IMDb name|nm6294306}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Sugg, Zoe
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British vlogger
| DATE OF BIRTH = 28 March 1990
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Lacock, Wiltshire]], [[England]], UK
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sugg, Zoe}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1990 births]]
[[Category:British video bloggers]]
[[Category:British Internet celebrities]]
[[Category:Video bloggers]]
[[Category:YouTube celebrities]]

KSI (Webvideoproduzent)

2014-06-13T17:27:12Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by BucksboysMC (talk) to last revision by Origamite. (TW)

{{pp-pc1|expiry=30 July 2014|small=yes}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=April 2014}}
{{stack begin}}
{{Infobox person
|name = Olajide Olatunji
|image =
|caption = Ksiolajidebt in one of his videos.
|birth_name = Olajide Olatunji
|birth_place =
|birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1993|6|19|df=yes}}
|height = 6 ft 0 in (1.83 m)
|residence =[[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]], [[England]], [[United Kingdom|UK]]
|other_names = KSI, JJ
|alma_mater =
|occupation = [[YouTube celebrity]], video game commentator, musician
|family = Deji Olatunji (brother) Jide Olatunji (father) Ninka Olatunji (mother)
|years_active = 2009-present
|known_for = ''KSIOlajidebt'' video game commentaries
|partner =
|awards = YouTube '1 Million' Gold Play Button Award
|website = http://www.ksiolajidebt.com/
}}
{{Infobox podcast
|italic title=no
|title = KSIOlajidebt
|image =
|hosting = KSIOlajidebt
|language = [[English language|English]]
|began = {{Start date and age|df=yes|2009}}
|genre = Video game commentary
|url = {{url|http://www.youtube.com/user/KSIOlajidebt|Primary channel}} {{url|http://www.youtube.com/user/KSIOlajidebtHD|Secondary channel}}
}}
{{stack end}}
'''Olajide Olatunji''' (born 19 June 1993 in [[Watford]], [[Hertfordshire]]), better known by his [[YouTube]] username '''Ksiolajidebt''' (stylised as '''KSIOlajideBT'''), is a British YouTuber, video game commentator, and rapper. He is also referred to as '''KSI''' or '''JJ'''. He is best known for his YouTube channel, which has, {{as of|May 2014|lc=yes}}, over 5.7 million subscribers.<ref name=kotaku2/> He is of Nigerian descent and can sometimes be seen wearing traditional Nigerian dress in his videos. His stage name comes from a ''[[Halo (series)|Halo]]'' clan he was in (KSI), his real name Olajide, and [[BT Group|BT British Telecom]], according to his website. He has been described as "the British [[Tobuscus]]."

==YouTube career==

Ksiolajidebt opened his [[YouTube]] account on 24 July 2009 with his first video being about a [[FIFA (video game series)|FIFA video game]], then he began commentating.<ref name=website>{{cite web|last=Olatunji|first=Olajide|url=http://www.ksiolajidebt.com/|title=KSIOlajidebt Home|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> His main channel is primarily focused on FIFA, although he commentates in other games such as ''[[Grand Theft Auto V]]'' and other [[Personal computer|PC]] based mods. Olajide's family often appear in his videos, especially his younger brother Deji and his father, who have become popular figures in their own right with Olajide's viewers.
His second channel (KSIOlajidebtHD) contains videos of him playing more casual, arcade and horror games in a manner similar to that of [[PewDiePie]]. Olajide also plays with his brother sometimes, Deji who also has a successful YouTube channel as CSG (Comedyshortsgamer).

In August 2013, Ksiolajidebt was reacted to on the [[Fine Brothers]]' series ''Teens React''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K25VUqjjOT0|title=Teens React to KSIOlajidebt|publisher=YouTube|work=TheFineBros|date=4 August 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> Soon after he then posted a reaction to this video in "KSI Reacting to Teens Reacting To KSIOlajidebt".<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wCTWC5opFeU|title=KSI Reacting to Teens Reacting To KSIOlajidebt|publisher=YouTube|work=KSI|date=10 August 2013|accessdate=20 December 2013}}</ref>

In October 2013, Ksiolajidebt signed with [[Maker Studios]]' sub-network, Polaris.<ref>{{cite web|last=Gutelle|first=Sam|url=http://www.tubefilter.com/2013/10/29/captain-sparklez-ksiolajidebt-ali-a-the-bajan-canadian-polaris-maker-studios/|title=Captain Sparklez, KSIOlajidebt, Ali-A Among New Polaris Gamers|publisher=''Tubefilter''|date=29 October 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> After defeating Virgin Gaming co-founder Zach Zeldin in a match of ''FIFA'', KSI visited Las Vegas.<ref>{{cite web|last=C.|first=Carl|url=http://blog.virgingaming.com/2013/02/ksiolajidebt-video-in-vegas-for-challenge-series/|title=KSIOLAJIDEBT VIDEO IN VEGAS FOR CHALLENGE SERIES!|publisher=''Virgin Gaming''|date=13 February 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> KSI discussed YouTube's launching of a paid-channel subscription project.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/22480839|title=KSIOlajidebt and Ali-A on YouTube pay channel charging|publisher=''BBC''|date=10 May 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref>

Ksiolajidebt was the center of a controversy following his actions at Eurogamer 2012, raised after he appeared at the Xbox One launch party in London.<ref>{{cite web|last=Totilo|first=Stephen|url=http://www.kotaku.com.au/2012/10/booth-babes-werent-the-only-embarrassment-at-the-eurogamer-expo/|title=Booth Babes Not The Only Embarrassment At Eurogamer Expo|publisher=''Kotaku''|date=6 October 2012|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> Due to this, Microsoft cut ties with the video game commentator, and Olatunji was banned for life from the Eurogamer Expo.<ref name=kotaku2>{{cite web|last=Schreier|first=Jason|url=http://www.kotaku.com.au/2013/11/youtuber-says-he-was-censored-for-criticizing-another-youtuber/|title=YouTuber Says He Was Censored For Criticising Another YouTuber|publisher=''Kotaku''|date=23 November 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> A message from Olatunji's manager states "Sexism is not something he condones or wants to be associated with. He wishes to apologise for any offence the video of 15 months ago may have caused in the short time it was on his YouTube channel, references to it since and subsequently used by other people. In recent months, he has also been actively avoiding certain content seen in the distant past and wants to be judged on the great content and value he gives to brands and partners, without controversy."<ref>{{cite web|last=Yin-Poole|first=Wesley|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2013-11-22-youtuber-ksi-dumped-by-microsoft-after-xbox-one-launch-appearance|title=YouTuber KSI dumped by Microsoft after Xbox One launch appearance|publisher=''Eurogamer''|date=23 November 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> The controversy spilled over to involve VideoGamer.com.<ref>{{cite web|last=Lees|first=Matt|url=http://www.videogamer.com/news/ksi_video_removal_our_official_statement.html|title=KSI Video Removal: Our Official Statement|publisher=''VideoGamer.com''|date=25 November 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Lees|first=Matt|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zTlyi6MbHo8|title=KSI and Xbox: Why MS got it wrong (Copyright safe version)|publisher=YouTube|work=VideoGamerTV|date=22 November 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref>

==Music career==
Olatunji has recently branched out into a career in music, mainly as a rapper. He started out by collaborating with fellow YouTuber Randolph, doing a viral rap song about [[Emile Heskey]] which was released on iTunes just before Christmas (but too late to chart) in 2011, and has a video of Heskey missing various chances on FIFA, before doing this on a segment of his channel called "Football Rap Battles", a video series which follows a similar vein to Epic Rap Battles of History. There, he and Randolph play the characters of famous figures from the world of football. One of them involves KSI as himself against [[Robin Van Persie]] after hitting out at Van Persie's acrimonious transfer from [[Arsenal F.C.]] to rival side [[Manchester United F.C.]]

===Chart success===
Olatunji and Randolph released a novelty single on 20 December 2012 as ''BlacknWhite'', called "Sweaty Goals", which was intended as a Christmas number one. It eventually reached #20 on the iTunes chart.

He directed and appeared in the music video for the Droideka track "[[Get Hyper]]", which charted on the [[UK Dance Chart]], [[UK Indie Chart]], and [[UK Singles Chart]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/18/2013-02-09/|title=2013 Top 40 Dance Singles Archive 9th February 2013|publisher=''Official Charts Company''|date=9 February 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref>

[[Sway (rapper)|Sway]]'s track "[[Wake Up (EP)|No Sleep]]", which features a guest appearance from Olatunji, also charted in the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.officialcharts.com/archive-chart/_/16/2013-11-02/|title=2013 Top 40 R&B Singles Archive 2nd November 2013|publisher=''Official Charts Company''|date=2 November 2013|accessdate=9 December 2013}}</ref> The song was performed at the Xbox One launch party and on the CBBC show Friday Download.

===Discography===
With ''BlacknWhite'':
* "Sweaty Goals" (single) (2012)

===Other appearances===
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Song !! Album !! Label
|-
| 2013 || "No Sleep" ([[Sway (rapper)|Sway]] featuring Tigger Da Author and KSI) || ''[[Wake Up (EP)|Wake Up]]'' || [[3 Beat Records]]
|-
| 2014 || "Christian Bale (Remix)" (Yogi featuring [[Casey Veggies]], [[Knytro]], [[Sway (rapper)|Sway]], KSI and Raptor) || ''Christian Bale EP'' || [[OWSLA]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{YouTube navbox |state=collapsed}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ksiolajidebt}}
[[Category:1993 births]]
[[Category:English people of Nigerian descent]]
[[Category:Internet celebrities]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Watford]]
[[Category:RPM channels]]
[[Category:RPM people]]
[[Category:YouTube celebrities]]


{{Persondata
| NAME = Olatunji, Olajide
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = KSIOlajidebt, KSI, KSIOlajidebtHD, JJ
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = British YouTube commentator
| DATE OF BIRTH = 19 June 1994
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}

Richard Sherman

2013-05-21T16:22:01Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 1 edit by 50.78.229.137 (talk) to last revision by Soulbust. (TW)

{{Infobox NFL player
|name=Richard Sherman
|image=Richard Sherman (American football).JPG
|image_size=275px
|caption=Sherman in the 2012 preseason.
|currentteam=Seattle Seahawks
|currentposition=Cornerback
|currentnumber=25
|birth_date={{birth date and age|1988|3|30}}
|birth_place=[[Compton, California]]
|heightft=6
|heightin=3
|weight=195
|highschool=[[Dominguez High School|Compton (CA) Dominguez]]
|college=[[Stanford Cardinal football|Stanford]]
|draftyear=2011
|draftround=5
|draftpick=154
|debutyear=2011
|debutteam=Seattle Seahawks
|finalyear=
|finalteam=
|pastteams=<nowiki></nowiki>
* [[Seattle Seahawks]] ({{NFL Year|2011}}–present)
|status=Active
|highlights=<nowiki></nowiki>
*First Team [[All-Pro]] ([[2012 All-Pro Team|2012]])
*[[Pro Football Writers of America|PFWA]] All-Rookie Team (2011)
*[[2013 Pro Bowl]] Alternate
*[[#College awards and honors|College awards and honors]]
|statweek=17
|statseason=2012
|statlabel1=[[Tackle (football move)|Tackles]]
|statvalue1=119
|statlabel2=[[Interception (American football)|Interceptions]]
|statvalue2=12
|statlabel3=[[Quarterback sack|Sacks]]
|statvalue3=1.0
|statlabel4=[[Fumble|Forced Fumbles]]
|statvalue4=4
|nflnew=richardsherman/2495507
}}
'''Richard Sherman''' (born March 30, 1988), is an [[American football]] [[cornerback]] with the [[Seattle Seahawks]] of the [[National Football League]]. He was selected by the Seahawks in the fifth round (154th overall) of the [[2011 NFL Draft]]. Sherman played college football at [[Stanford Cardinal football|Stanford]], playing both [[wide receiver]] and [[cornerback]] for the Cardinal.<ref name=Yahoo!>{{cite web|author=Gil Alcaraz IV|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/nfl/news?slug=ycn-7679270|title=An insider’s view with Stanford cornerback Richard Sherman|publisher=''Yahoo! Sports''|date=January 27, 2011|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref>

==High school career==
He attended [[Dominguez High School]] in [[Compton, California]], where he starred in football and track and field. In 2006 he led his team to a Championship win over Sherman Oaks Notre Dame 41-14. In his senior season he had an average of 30 yards per catch on 28 catches with 14 touchdowns. He was also named a USA Today All-American in track and field after winning the California state title in the triple jump with a mark of 50 feet, 8 inches. He also had personal bests of 13.99 seconds in the 110 meter hurdles, 10.77 in the 100 meter sprint, and 23 feet, 8 inches in the long jump.

==College career==
Sherman began his career at Stanford as a [[wide receiver]] and led the Cardinals in receiving as a freshman in 2006 while being named a Freshmen All-American. He caught 47 passes over the next two years before suffering a season-ending knee injury after playing in the first four games in 2008. He switched to cornerback after his injury due to team need and made 112 tackles over his final two years, which also included 6 interceptions. He was part of the [[2010 Stanford Cardinal football team]] which finished 12-1, a school record.<ref name=Yahoo!/> Sherman is a member of Phi Beta Sigma Fraternity.

Sherman graduated in 2010 from Stanford with a degree in Communications and returned for his final year of eligibility in order to begin a [[Master of Arts (postgraduate)|Masters degree]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Eric Sondheimer|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/varsitytimesinsider/2010/06/football-richard-sherman-graduates-from-stanford.html|title=Football: Richard Sherman graduates from Stanford|publisher=''[[Los Angeles Times]]''|date=June 21, 2010|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref>

==Professional career==

===Seattle Seahawks===

====2011====
Sherman was selected in the 5th round, 154 overall by the [[Seattle Seahawks]] in the [[2011 NFL Draft]]. Sherman remembers watching the Draft with his family at home and how many cornerbacks were drafted before him. To this very day, Sherman remembers being "livid" about players who he perceived as inferior getting drafted before him.<ref>{{cite web|author=Michael Silver|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/news/nfl--seahawks--richard-sherman-wants-to--destroy--the-nfl-and-become-the-best-cb-all-time-170800233.html|title=Seahawks' Richard Sherman wants to 'destroy' the NFL and become the best CB of all time|publisher=''Yahoo!''|date=December 11, 2012|accessdate=March 8, 2013}}</ref>

Despite starting only 10 games in his rookie season, Sherman was selected to the 2011 PFW All-Rookie Team, shattering all expectations heading into the season.<ref name="Pro Football Weekly">{{cite web|url=http://www.profootballweekly.com/story/permalink/30603|title=All Rookie Team|publisher=''Pro Football Weekly''|date=January 18, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref> He also led all rookies with 21 passes defended and 4 interceptions in addition to 55 tackles.

====2012====
On October 14, 2012, following [[2012_Seattle_Seahawks_season#Game_summaries|a victory]] over the [[2012 New England Patriots season|New England Patriots]], Sherman [[Trash-talk|taunted]] the Patriots' [[quarterback]], [[Tom Brady]].<ref name=BradyUMad>{{cite web|author=Doug Farrar|url=http://sports.yahoo.com/blogs/nfl-shutdown-corner/richard-sherman-beats-tom-brady-taunts-pats-u-104646336--nfl.html|title=Richard Sherman beats Tom Brady; taunts the Pats with ‘U MAD BRO?’ after the game|publisher=''Yahoo! Sports''|work=Shutdown Corner|date=October 15, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref>

Prior to week 8 vs [[Detroit Lions|Detroit]], Sherman nicknamed himself [[Optimus Prime]], an action intended to send out the message that he would shut down Detroit's [[wide receiver]], [[Calvin Johnson]], known by his nickname [[Megatron]]. (Optimus Prime and Megatron are opposing characters in the ''[[Transformers]]'' franchise.) Johnson was held to 3 catches for 46 yards against Sherman and the Seahawks, both season lows.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://espn.go.com/nfl/player/gamelog/_/id/10447/calvin-johnson|title=Calvin Johnson Game by Game Stats and Performance|publisher=''ESPN''|accessdate=January 9, 2013}}</ref>

Heading into Week 17 of the [[2012 NFL season|2012 season]], Sherman posted 61 tackles, seven interceptions and three forced fumbles.<ref>{{cite web|author=Tyler Conway|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1459721-pro-bowl-roster-2013-analyzing-why-richard-sherman-and-other-snubs-missed-team|title=Pro Bowl Roster 2013: Analyzing Why Richard Sherman and Other Snubs Missed Team|publisher=''Bleacher Report''|date=December 27, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref> Due to his play and the fact that he was not selected to the [[2013 Pro Bowl]], Sherman was considered of one of the biggest 2013 Pro Bowl snubs.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/12/27/2013-pro-bowl-snubs-richard-sherman-morris_n_2368003.html|title=2013 Pro Bowl Snubs: Richard Sherman, Alfred Morris Among Notable Omissions|publisher=''Huffington Post''|date=December 27, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref> Sherman told [[Associated Press]] that "It don't mean nothing," prior to the announcement of the Pro Bowl rosters.<ref name=ProBowl>{{cite web|author=Kareem Copeland|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000117457/article/richard-sherman-pro-bowl-spots-dont-mean-nothing|title=Richard Sherman: Pro Bowl spots 'don't mean nothing'|publisher=''NFL.com''|work=Around the League|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref> He was subsequently named Associated Press NFL All-Pro First Team.

In December 2012, Sherman won his appeal of a four-game suspension for violating the league's performance-enhancing drug policy.<ref>{{cite web|author=Lindsay H. Jones|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/nfl/seahawks/2012/12/27/richard-sherman-seattle-seahawks-nfl-suspension/1794143/|title=Seahawks' Richard Sherman wins appeal of NFL suspension|publisher=''USA Today''|date=December 27, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref> It was likely that Sherman would sue the NFL if he was suspended.<ref>{{cite web|author=Curtis Crabtree|url=http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2012/12/26/richard-sherman-likely-to-sue-league-if-suspended/|title=Richard Sherman likely to sue league if suspended|publisher=''NBC Sports''|work=Pro Football Talk|date=December 26, 2012|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref> Prior to the [[2012–13_NFL_playoffs#Wild_Card_playoffs|wildcard matchup]] between the Seahawks and the [[Washington Redskins|Redskins]], [[Kedric Golston]], a Redskins [[linebacker]] called out Sherman by saying "He's a cheater," referring to Sherman's successful suspension appeal.<ref>{{cite web|author=Dan Hanzus|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000122132/article/redskins-player-on-richard-sherman-hes-a-cheater|title=Redskins player on Richard Sherman: 'He's a cheater'|publisher=''NFL.com''|work=Around the League|date=January 4, 2013|accessdate=January 5, 2012}}</ref>

===Controversies===
Sherman has been involved in several controversies during his short NFL career. One of these controversies is his ''Optimus Prime'' nickname, referring to [[Calvin Johnson]], who is nicknamed ''Megatron''.<ref>{{cite web|author=Nate Davis|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2012/10/25/optimus-prime-richard-sherman-seahawks-calvin-johnson-megatron/1657505/|title=Megatron ready for Seahawks' Optimus Prime|publisher=''USA Today''|work=Game On!|date=October 25, 2012|accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> Sherman has also been involved in a controversy where he asked [[Tom Brady]], "U mad, bro?".<ref name=BradyUMad/> Sherman also stirred controversy with his response to not being selected to the [[2013 Pro Bowl]].<ref name=ProBowl/> In March 2013, Sherman went on to ''[[ESPN First Take]]'', where he argued with [[Skip Bayless]]. Sherman told Bayless "I'm intelligent enough and capable enough to understand that you are an ignorant, pompous, egotistical cretin. I am going to crush you on here because I am tired of hearing about it." He also claimed that he was "better at life" than the First Take analyst, which sparked a response from fellow ESPN analyst Bill Simmons that blasted the First Take program. <ref>{{cite web|author=Chris Chase|url=http://www.usatoday.com/story/gameon/2013/03/07/richard-sherman-skip-bayless-first-take-fight/1971737/|title=Richard Sherman blasts Skip Bayless on 'First Take'|publisher=''USA Today''|work=Game On!|date=March 7, 2013|accessdate=March 8, 2013}}</ref> Sherman was also involved in a [[Twitter]] feud with fellow NFL cornerback, [[Darelle Revis]].,<ref>{{cite web|author=Gabe Zaldivar|url=http://bleacherreport.com/articles/1537402-seahawks-richard-sherman-slays-darrelle-revis-in-fascinating-twitter-feud|title=Seahawks' Richard Sherman Slays Jets' Darrelle Revis in Twitter Feud|publisher=''Bleacher Report''|work=B/R Swagger|date=February 20, 2013|accessdate=March 8, 2013}}</ref> to the point that [[Joe Haden]] also involved in the conversation that he is the no.2 cornerback in the league between Revis and Sherman.<ref>[http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000148995/article/joe-haden-darrelle-revis-is-no-1-cornerback-im-no-2 Joe Haden: Darrelle Revis is No. 1 cornerback; I'm No. 2]</ref> Sherman has also been involved in controversies with [[Trent Williams]]<ref>{{cite web|author=Marc Sessler|url=http://www.nfl.com/news/story/0ap1000000124388/article/trent-williams-told-richard-sherman-hed-punch-him|title=Trent Williams told Richard Sherman he'd punch him|publisher=''NFL.com''|work=Around the League|date=January 10, 2013|accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref> and [[Roddy White]].<ref>{{cite web|author=Ryan Wilson|url=http://www.cbssports.com/nfl/blog/eye-on-football/21721531/richard-sherman-calls-draft-a-sham-roddy-white-an-easy-matchup|title=Richard Sherman calls draft 'a sham,' Roddy White 'an easy matchup'|publisher=''CBS''|work=Eye on Football|date=February 17, 2013|accessdate=March 9, 2013}}</ref>

===Stats===
The following stats were retrieved from NFL.com.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.nfl.com/player/richardsherman/2495507/profile|title=Richard Sherman|publisher=''NFL.com''|accessdate=December 27, 2012}}</ref>
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|-
! rowspan="2"|Year !! rowspan="2"|Team !! rowspan="2"|G !! rowspan="2"|GS !! colspan="5" |Tackles !! colspan="6" |Interceptions !! colspan="4" |Fumbles
|-
! Comb !! Total !! Ast !! Sack !! Safeties !! PDef !! Int !! Yds !! Avg !! Lng !! TDs !! FF
|-
![[2011 NFL season|2011]] !! [[2011 Seattle Seahawks season|Seattle]]
| 16 || 10 || 55 || 47 || 8 || 0.0 || 0 || 17 || 4 || 45 || 11.2 || 33 || 0 || 1
|-
|-
![[2012 NFL season|2012]] !! [[2012 Seattle Seahawks season|Seattle]]
| 16 || 16 || 64 || 53 || 11 || 1.0 || 0 || 24 || 8 || 57 || 7.1 || 29 || 1 || 3
|-
!colspan="2"| Total !! 32 !! 26 !! 119 !! 100 !! 19 !! 1.0 !! 0 !! 40 !! 12 !! 102 !! -- !! 33 !! 1 !! 4
|}

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Twitter|RSherman_25|Richard Sherman}}
*[http://www.seahawks.com/team/roster/Richard-Sherman/b689109a-5471-4c08-bd56-e1568117081e Seattle Seahawks bio]

{{Seahawks2011DraftPicks}}
{{2012 All-Pro Team}}
{{Seattle Seahawks roster navbox}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Sherman, Richard
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES = Optimus Prime
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = [[American football]] player
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 30, 1988
| PLACE OF BIRTH = Compton, California
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Sherman, Richard}}
[[Category:1989 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Seattle Seahawks players]]
[[Category:Stanford Cardinal football players]]
[[Category:American football cornerbacks]]
[[Category:American football wide receivers]]
[[Category:People from Compton, California]]
[[Category:Players of American football from California]]

Seattle Symphony

2013-05-20T20:25:48Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 2 edits by 70.99.248.138 (talk) to last revision by King jakob c 2. (TW)

{{Infobox orchestra
| name = Seattle Symphony
| image = Seattle Symphony Orchestra on stage in Benaroya Hall.jpg
| caption = Seattle Symphony on stage in [[Benaroya Hall]] in May 2009.
| image_size =
| founded = 1903
| concert_hall = [[Benaroya Hall]]
| principal_conductor = [[Ludovic Morlot]]
| website = {{url|www.seattlesymphony.org}}
}}

The '''Seattle Symphony''' is an American [[orchestra]] based in [[Seattle, Washington]]. Since 1998, the orchestra is resident at [[Benaroya Hall]]. The orchestra's season runs from September through July, and serves as the pit orchestra for most productions of the [[Seattle Opera]] in addition to its own concerts.

==History==

===Beginnings===
The orchestra gave its first performance on December 29, 1903, with [[Harry West (conductor)|Harry West]] conducting. Known from its founding as the Seattle Symphony, it was renamed in 1911 as the Seattle Philharmonic Orchestra. In 1919, the orchestra was reorganized with new bylaws under the name Seattle Symphony Orchestra. The 1921–22 season was cancelled due to financial problems.<ref>"No Symphony This Season" ''The Seattle Times'', 9 October 1921, p. 21</ref>

===Interregnum===
Preceding the cancellation of the 1921-22 season, another orchestra, the [[Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra]] conducted by [[Mary Davenport Engberg]], commenced operations and held performances during a portion of the following five-year hiatus. The Engberg family's affiliation with the Seattle Symphony has been subject to many subsequent embellishments, some of which have come from the Seattle Symphony organization itself (including literature celebrating the Symphony's 2003 centennial), that Mary Davenport Engberg was the Seattle Symphony's first female conductor, the first and only female conductor in the nation, that the Seattle Symphony and the Seattle Civic Symphony merged in 1921, and that her son, Paul, played cello in the Seattle Symphony.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2011906470_symphonywomen23.html | title=In the conducting world, where are all the 'chicks with sticks?' | work=The Seattle Times | author=Melinda Bargreen | date= 2010-05-22 | accessdate=2011-08-31}}</ref><ref>{{cite news
|work=The Seattle Times |url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/entertainment/2003961111_durstobit19.html |title=Obituary: Norma Durst – Teacher, violist with Symphony, 83
|accessdate=2008-03-10 |date=2007-10-23}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://blog.seattlesymphony.org/?m=201108| title=What's in a Name?/From Covered Wagon to Concert Hall | work=The Score | author=Seattle Symphony | date= 2011-08 | accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref><ref>Elizabeth Juliana Knighton, "Mary Davenport Engberg: Pioneering Musician in a Bachelors' Frontier," ''Journal of the Society of American Music,'' Vol. 5, No. 3(2011), p. 389.</ref>

In fact, the Seattle Symphony and the Seattle Civic Symphony did not merge in 1921, since the personnel lists of the last Seattle Symphony concert of the 1920-21 season and the first season of the Seattle Civic Symphony have no more than one name in common.<ref>Seattle Symphony Orchestra, ''Program'', 15 Feb. 1921.</ref><ref>Seattle Civic Symphony Orchestra, ''Program'', 24 April 1921.</ref> Other orchestras elsewhere in the country had been previously led by female conductors,<ref>Knighton, ''op. cit.,'' pp. 365-7.</ref>
and Paul Engberg's name does not appear on any Seattle Symphony program personnel lists.<ref>Seattle Symphony Orchestra, ''Program'', 1907-1969, ''passim''.</ref> The claim that Mary Davenport Engberg had previously appeared as "a featured soloist for several years with the Seattle Symphony" <ref>{{cite news | url=http://blog.seattlesymphony.org/?p=2451| title=From Covered Wagon to Concert Hall | work=The Score | author=Seattle Symphony | date= 2011-08 | accessdate=2011-12-28}}</ref> contrasts with her being listed as a soloist only twice in a three-week period in news articles and surviving Seattle Symphony programs: a Sunday afternoon pops concert in the [[Moore Theatre]] on December 13, 1908 and a benefit concert on January 3, 1909 for victims of an earthquake in Italy.<ref>"Farewell Concert: Last Sunday Afternoon 'Pop' of the Season to Be Given this Afternoon; Mme. Engberg, Soloist," ''Seattle Times,'' 13 December 1908, p. 10.</ref><ref>Seattle Symphony Orchestra, ''Program'', 3 January 1909.</ref> "Throughout the orchestra's 2003 centennial celebrations Engberg was touted as an example of the orchestra association's progressiveness in having had a female conductor, although research reveals that she never actually worked for the organization. This modern narrative is revisionist history at best..."<ref>Knighton, ''op. cit.,'' p. 389.</ref>

Mary Davenport Engberg was never the director of the Seattle Symphony, and the Seattle Symphony was not revived until 1926 under the direction of [[Karl Krueger]].<ref>"Seattle Symphony Orchestra Assured," ''The Seattle Times'', 4 June 1926, p. 13.</ref><ref>"The Musician and the Playgoer", ''Town Crier'', 13 November 1926, pp. 11–12.</ref>

===Pacific Northwest Symphony Orchestra===
In 1947, the Seattle Symphony merged with the [[Tacoma Philharmonic]] to form the Pacific Northwest Symphony Orchestra. Performances were held in [[Seattle]], [[Tacoma, Washington|Tacoma]], and [[Olympia, Washington|Olympia]], with conducting duties split between [[Carl Bricken]] and [[Eugene Linden (conductor)|Eugene Linden]].<ref>Joe Miller, "N.W. Symphony Selects Name," ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 1 October 1947.</ref> This arrangement ceased after one season, when the Seattle Symphony decided to withdraw from it.<ref name=Campbell>{{cite book | last=Campbell | first=Esther W. | pages=27 | title=Bagpipes in the Woodwind Section: A History of the Seattle Symphony and its Women's Organization | pages=57-58 | location=Seattle | publisher=Seattle Symphony Women's Organization | year=1978 | oclc=5792179}}</ref> A feud between the musicians and the board surfaced in 1948, and a majority of the musicians divorced themselves from the board and created a new orchestra called the [[Seattle Orchestra]], a partnership (collective) operated by the musicians themselves, who chose Linden as their conductor.<ref name=Campbell/>
The Seattle Symphony announced a separate orchestra season with eighteen concerts at the old [[Meany Hall for the Performing Arts]] on the [[University of Washington]] campus. The symphony was to be directed by [[Stanley Chapple]], and a series of guest conductors: [[Artur Rodzinski]], [[Jacques Singer]], and [[Erich Leinsdorf]].<ref>Richard E. Hays, "Seattle Symphony Lists 18 Concerts for Season," ''The Seattle Times'', 10 October 1948.</ref> Personnel for the Seattle Symphony were announced in the press on October 24, 1948, and included a few musicians who had chosen not to defect to the Seattle Orchestra and some new faces as well.<ref>"Orchestra Personnel for 2 Groups Listed," ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 24 October 1948.</ref> The Seattle Symphony season was then postponed and eventually cancelled. The Seattle Orchestra, meanwhile, gave its first performance on November 23, 1948.<ref>Seattle Orchestra, ''Program'', 23 November 1948.</ref> An accommodation was reached between the Seattle Symphony and the Seattle Orchestra, and the two organizations merged, and the name "Seattle Symphony Orchestra" was retained. The partnership system was also retained, and musicians gained access onto the board.<ref>Suzanne Martin, "Music Groups in Agreement on Symphony," ''The Seattle Post-Intelligencer'', 13 January 1949, p. 3.</ref> The partnership system was eventually dissolved at the request of [[Milton Katims]] in 1955.<ref>Seattle Musicians Association, ''Minutes'', Meeting of the Board of Directors, 25 March 1955, 1 June 1955.</ref> Even so, for most of its 100-year history, and especially today, the ensemble is known by the two-word name "Seattle Symphony".

[[File:SeattleSymphonyLogo.jpg|thumb|Former Seattle Symphony logo under [[Gerard Schwarz]].]]

===Gerard Schwarz===
[[Gerard Schwarz]], became music advisor of the orchestra in 1983 and principal conductor in 1984, before being named music director in 1985.<ref name="Broom">{{cite news | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2008172218_schwarz11.html | title=Seattle Symphony's Gerard Schwarz is stepping down | work=The Seattle Times | author=Jack Broom | date=2008-09-11 | accessdate=2010-04-24}}</ref> Under Schwarz's leadership, the orchestra became particularly known for performing works of twentieth century [[composer]]s, especially of neglected American composers. Together, Schwarz and the orchestra have made over 100 commercial recordings, including the major orchestral works of [[Howard Hanson]] and [[David Diamond (composer)|David Diamond]], for labels including [[Delos International]] and [[Naxos Records]]. The orchestra received its first Grammy nomination in January 1990 for a 1989 recording of music of Howard Hanson.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://community.seattletimes.nwsource.com/archive/?date=19900112&slug=1050450 | title=Grammy City - Three Nominations Put Seattle Symphony And Schwarz In The Big Time | work=The Seattle Times | author=Melinda Bargreen | date=1990-01-12 | accessdate=2010-08-09}}</ref> The orchestra also recorded a musical score to the SeaWorld, Orlando stage show ''A'lure, The Call of the Ocean''.

Schwarz received praise for his championing of American composers and his skills in fund-raising.<ref name="Broom"/> However, his tenure was also marked by controversies between him and several symphony musicians, which included several legal disputes.<ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/12/16/arts/music/16waki.html?pagewanted=all | title=In Seattle, a Fugue for Orchestra and Rancor | work=New York Times | author=Daniel J. Wakin and James R. Oestreich | date=2007-12-16 | accessdate=2010-04-24}}</ref> In September 2008, the orchestra announced the conclusion of Schwarz's music directorship after the 2010–2011 season, at which time Schwarz is scheduled to become the orchestra's conductor laureate.{{update after|2011|12|31}}<ref name="Broom"/><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/09/11/arts/music/11orch.html | title=Seattle’s Conductor Plans His Departure | work=New York Times | author=Daniel J. Wakin | date=2008-09-11 | accessdate=2010-04-24}}</ref>

===Today===
[[File:Seattle Symphony logo.jpg|thumb|150px|Seattle Symphony logo]]
In June 2010, the Seattle Symphony announced the appointment of [[Ludovic Morlot]] as its 15th music director, effective with the 2011–2012 season, with an initial contract of six years.<ref name="Bargreen">{{cite news | author=Melinda Bargreen | title=Rising French star Ludovic Morlot chosen to replace Schwarz at Seattle Symphony | url=http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thearts/2012238774_musicdirectornu30.html | work=The Seattle Times | date=29 June 2010 | accessdate=2010-07-02}}</ref> The operating budget as of the 2011-2012 season is $24 million and over 315,000 people attend performances annually.<ref name="press-kit">{{cite news | author=Seattle Symphony | title=Seattle Symphony Press Kit | url=http://www.seattlesymphony.org/symphony/press/kit/sheet.aspx | accessdate=2012-06-23}}</ref>

==Music directors==
{|
|valign="top"|
*1903-1907 Harry West
*1907-1909 Michael Kegrize
*1909-1911 [[Henry Hadley]]
*1911-1921 John Spargur
*1926-1932 Karl Krueger
*1932-1938 [[Basil Cameron]]
*1938-1941 [[Nikolai Sokoloff]]
*1941-1944 [[Thomas Beecham]]
|valign="top"|
*1944-1948 Carl Bricken
*1948-1950 [[Eugene Linden (conductor)|Eugene Linden]]
*1950-1951 [[Manuel Rosenthal]]
*1954-1976 [[Milton Katims]]
*1976-1983 Rainer Miedél
*1985-2011 [[Gerard Schwarz]]
*2011–present [[Ludovic Morlot]]
|}

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite book |title=Washington: A Guide to the Evergreen State |author=Writer's Program of the Work Projects Administration in the State of Washington |location=Portland, OR |publisher= Binfords & Mort |year=1941 |oclc=5847836 |pages=138 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XVipB9Gu_JkC}}

==External links==
*[http://www.seattlesymphony.org/ Seattle Symphony official website]
*[http://content.lib.washington.edu/katimsweb/index.html University of Washington Libraries Digital Collections - The Milton Katims Audio Collection]

{{Seattle Symphony conductors}}

[[Category:American orchestras]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 1903]]
[[Category:Non-profit organizations based in Seattle, Washington]]
[[Category:Musical groups from Seattle, Washington]]
[[Category:Articles needing audio and or video]]
[[Category:Symphony orchestra articles needing audio and or video]]
[[Category:1903 establishments in the United States]]

David Brailsford

2013-05-14T13:13:25Z

Wtwilson3: Reverted 2 edits by 46.18.178.20 (talk) to last revision by Barney the barney barney. (TW)

{{Infobox cyclist
| name = Sir David Brailsford
| image = David Brailsford.jpg
| caption = Dave Brailsford
| fullname = David Brailsford
| nickname =
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1964|2|29|df=yes}}
| birth_place = [[Shardlow]], Derbyshire, England
| height =
| weight =
| currentteam =
| discipline = Road and Track Cycling
| role = BC Programme Director BC Performance Director Team Sky General Manager
| manageyears =
| manageteams =
| updated = 28 February 2013
}}
'''Sir David John "Dave" Brailsford''', [[Order of the British Empire|CBE]] (born 29 February 1964)<ref name="Taff">{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/olympics/cycling/7533548.stm| title=Cycling's Taff at the top | publisher=BBC Sport| date=17 August 2008}}</ref> is a [[United Kingdom|British]] [[cycling]] coach. He is currently performance director of [[British Cycling]] and the general manager of [[Team Sky]].

==Early life==
Brailsford was born in [[Shardlow]], [[Derbyshire]] but brought up in [[Deiniolen]], near [[Caernarfon]] in [[Wales]],<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.caernarfonherald.co.uk/caernarfon-county-news/where-i-live/dyffryn-peris-news/2008/12/18/penisarwaun-mum-s-pride-as-brailsford-wins-sports-personality-of-the-year-award-88817-22499325/published=BBC |date=16 December 2012 | title=Team GB cycling coach Dave Brailsford to be honoured |publisher=Caernarfon and Denbigh Herald }}</ref> as a result of which he speaks [[Welsh language|Welsh]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/mediaselector/check/cymru/chwaraeon/media/geraint_thomas?size=16x9&bbram=1&nbram=1&bbwm=1&nbwm=1&bgc=000000&lang=cy |title=Geraint Thomas yn gwneud argraff wrth ymarfer ar gyfer y Gemau Olympaidd| publisher=BBC Cymru| date=August 2008}}</ref>
Brailsford competed in [[France]] for four years as a professional cyclist before returning to the [[United Kingdom|UK]] at 23 to study for a degree in [[sports science]] and [[psychology]] at [[Chester College of Higher Education]] (awarded by the University of Liverpool<ref>{{cite book|title=University of Liverpool Insight – 2012 edition|year=2012|pages=2}}</ref>) and then an [[MBA]] at [[Sheffield]] University Management School.

==Career==
Brailsford has been involved with cycling throughout his career. He was first employed by [[British Cycling]] as an advisor when [[The National Lottery|Lottery]] funding began in 1996. British Cycling soon established its headquarters at the [[Manchester Velodrome]], an Olympic-standard track, and Brailsford became programme director before becoming performance director.<ref name="MBE">[http://www.britishcycling.org.uk/web/site/BC/gbr/News2005/20050615_mbe_brailsford.asp ''MBE For Dave Brailsford''] [[British Cycling]] 15 June 2005</ref> Under Brailsford's guidance, numerous cyclists have gone on to achieve success, including [[Chris Hoy]], [[Bradley Wiggins]], [[Geraint Thomas]], [[Jason Kenny]], [[Victoria Pendleton]], [[Mark Cavendish]] and [[Laura Trott]].

Brailsford led the [[Great Britain|British]] team to numerous victories at the [[2004 Summer Olympics|2004]], [[2008 Summer Olympics|2008]] and [[2012 Summer Olympics|2012]] Olympics in [[Athens]], [[Beijing]] and [[London]] respectively. Under his leadership Team GB has become the most successful track cycling team in modern history.

In 2010, Brailsford also became the manager of the new British-based professional team, [[Team Sky]].<ref name="guardian.co.uk">{{cite web|url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/sport/2009/feb/26/cycling-tour-de-france-mark-cavendish|title=Sky to sponsor British Tour de France team|date=26 February 2009|publisher=The Guardian|author=William Fotheringham}}</ref> In 2012 as Sky Team principal he oversaw [[Bradley Wiggins]]' victory in the [[Tour de France]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/cycling/18946960|title=Bradley Wiggins wins 2012 Tour de France|date=22 July 2012}}</ref> He led the Great Britain and Northern Ireland Cycling team (covering track cycling, road racing, BMX and Mountain Biking) in [[Cycling at the 2012 Summer Olympics]]. The team finished top of the medal table for the discipline.

==Honours==
He was appointed [[Member of the Order of the British Empire]] (MBE) in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours<ref name="MBE" /> and [[Commander of the Order of the British Empire]] (CBE) in the [[2009 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{London Gazette |issue=58929 |date=31 December 2008 |startpage=7 |supp=yes }}</ref><ref name="CBE">{{cite web| url=http://www.guardian.co.uk/uk/2008/dec/31/new-year-honours-chris-hoy| title=New Year honours list: arise Sir Chris ... and there's a medal for your mum as well| author=Richard Moore| publisher=The Guardian| date=31 December 2008| accessdate=3 January 2009| authorlink=Richard Moore (journalist)}}</ref> He was [[knight Bachelor|knighted]] for services to cycling and the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games in the [[2013 New Year Honours]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/sites/default/files/resources/NY2013-honours-London-2012.pdf#page=2 |title=Knights Bachelor |publisher=[[Cabinet Office]] |date=29 December 2012 |accessdate=29 December 2012}}</ref><ref>{{LondonGazette |issue=60367 |date=29 December 2012 |startpage=2 |supp=yes }}</ref>

British cycling's 14 medals, including eight golds, at the [[2008 Summer Olympics]] won him the [[BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award]] on 14 December 2008.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport1/hi/tv_and_radio/sports_personality_of_the_year/7771920.stm| publisher=BBC| title=Sports Personality 2008: Cycling| date=14 December 2008| accessdate=16 December 2008}}</ref>
In November 2010, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by [[University of Chester]] where he studied Sport and Exercise Science.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.chesterchronicle.co.uk/chester-sport/other-sports/2009/01/16/cycling-chester-graduate-brailsford-honoured-for-gb-olympic-cycling-achievements-59067-22703930/ |title=Cycling: Chester graduate Brailsford honoured for GB Olympic cycling achievements |publisher=Chester Chronicle |date=2009-01-16 |accessdate=2012-07-21}}</ref>

In December 2012 he won the BBC Sports Personality of the Year Coach Award for a second time.<ref name=spoty12>{{cite web|title=Sports Personality: Cycling's Dave Brailsford is coach of the year|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/sport/0/sports-personality/20692840|publisher=BBC Sport|accessdate=16 December 2012}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|David Brailsford}}
* [http://www.teamsky.com/profile/0,27291,17543_8342945,00.html Team Sky profile]
{{Sky riders}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Brailsford, Dave
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Welsh cycling coach
| DATE OF BIRTH = 29 February 1964
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Derby]], England, United Kingdom
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Brailsford, Dave}}
[[Category:1964 births]]
[[Category:Commanders of the Order of the British Empire]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People educated at Ysgol Brynrefail]]
[[Category:People from Caernarfon]]
[[Category:People from Derby]]
[[Category:Welsh cycling coaches]]
[[Category:Welsh-speaking people]]
[[Category:Alumni of the University of Liverpool]]
[[Category:Knights Bachelor]]

Eight Northern Pueblos

2013-05-01T19:21:12Z

Wtwilson3: Added template {{no footnotes}}

{{no footnotes|date=May 2013}}

[[Image:Pueblo01.png|thumb|350px|Location of '''Eight Northern Pueblos''' and neighboring pueblos in New Mexico]]
The '''Eight Northern Pueblos''' of [[New Mexico]] are [[Taos Pueblo|Taos]], [[Picuris Pueblo, New Mexico|Picuris]], [[Santa Clara Pueblo, New Mexico|Santa Clara]], [[Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo|Ohkay Owingeh]] (formerly San Juan), [[San Ildefonso Pueblo, New Mexico|San Ildefonso]], [[Nambé Pueblo|Nambé]], [[Pojoaque Pueblo|Pojoaque]], and [[Tesuque, New Mexico|Tesuque]].

Taos and Picuris are [[Tiwa language|Tiwa]]-speaking [[pueblo]]s; the rest speak [[Tewa language|Tewa]]. Tiwa and Tewa are closely related languages of the Kiowa Tanoan language family. These pueblos make up the ''Eight Northern Pueblos Council'', which sponsors craft fairs, advocates for the legal interests of the pueblos, etc. The Capital of the Eight Northern Pueblos is located in [[Ohkay Owingeh]]. Ohkay Owingeh was formerly known as San Juan but changed to its original Native Pueblo name in 2005.

== See also ==
* [[List of dwellings of Pueblo peoples]]

== External links ==
*[http://www.northcentralnm.com/index.php?option=com_content&task=category&sectionid=4&id=22&Itemid=75 The Eight Northern Pueblos and the Jicarilla Apache Tribe]
*[http://www.indianpueblo.org Indian Pueblo Cultural Center Website]

{{NorthAm-native-stub}}

[[Category:Cultural lists|8 Eight Northern Pueblos]]
[[Category:Native American tribes in New Mexico]]

André Watts

2006-02-10T04:57:42Z

Wtwilson3: Added publicity photo.

[[Image:AndreWatts.jpg|frame|right|Photo courtesy of [http://newsinfo.iu.edu/asset/page/normal/309.html Indiana University]]]
'''André Watts''' (born [[June 20]], [[1946]]) is a classical pianist and Professor at the [[Jacobs School of Music]] of [[Indiana University in Bloomington]]. Born in [[Nuremberg]], [[Germany]], Watts is the son of a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] mother, Maria Alexandra Gusmits, and [[African-American]] father, Sargeant Herman Watts. After studying music in [[Philadelphia]] and conducting the [[Philadelphia Orchestra]], he received a wider audience when he debuted in a nationally televised concert with the [[New York Philharmonic]] in [[1963]]. His first world tour was in [[1967]]. He is mostly associated with 19th century music.

Watts grew up in Europe, living mostly near army posts where his father was stationed, until he was eight years old and Herman’s military assignment lead to the family moving to the United States. They settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Watts began to study the violin when he was four. By age six he had decided that the piano was his instrument. His mother, a pianist herself, started him with his first lessons.

Like most kids, Watts hated to practice. To encourage him, Maria began to tell him stories of the great musicians from her country like pianist/composer [[Franz Liszt]], making it clear that Liszt had practiced faithfully. Liszt would soon became Watts' hero, and he even adopted Liszt's theatrical playing style.

In 1962, Herman and Maria divorced, and Watts stayed with his mother. He gives Maria credit for influencing his development. She supported the two of them working as a secretary and later as a receptionist.

He enrolled at the Philadelphia Academy of Music, where he studied with Genia Robinor, Doris Bawden, and Clement Petrillo, graduating June 1963. He entered his first competition at nine, competing with 40 other kids for a chance to appear in the Philadelphia Orchestra's Children's Concerts. Watts won the competition playing a piano concerto by [[Joseph Haydn]].

At ten, Watts performed the [[Felix Mendelssohn]] [[Piano Concerto No. 1 (Mendelssohn)|G minor concerto]] with the Robin Hood Dell Orchestra and at 14, [[Cesar Franck]]'s ''Symphonic Variations'', again with the Philadelphia Orchestra. At 16, he auditioned at Carnegie Recital Hall. He played his hero Franz Liszt's E-flat Concerto at [[Lincoln Center]] with the New York Philharmonic, conducted by the celebrated [[Leonard Bernstein]]. A Young People's Concert was taped and shown on CBS, January 15, 1963. Bernstein introduced his pianist to the national television audience.

Three weeks later Bernstein asked Watts to fill in for ailing [[Glenn Gould]], the scheduled soloist for the New York Philharmonic's regular subscription concert January 1, 1963. Watts again played his hero’s E flat Concerto, making international headlines and earning a [[Columbia Records|Columbia record]] contract. When he had sounded his final cadenza, the whole orchestra joined the audience in a standing ovation. Even the violinists put down their bows and applauded him. Watts recorded the album The Exciting Debut of Andre Watts.

Following graduation, Watts enrolled at the [[Peabody Institute]] in Baltimore, where he studied part-time for a bachelor of music degree with pianist [[Leon Fleisher]]. He graduated in 1972. The following year, he appeared at New York City's Lewisohn Stadium with [[Seiji Ozawa]], a Japanese conductor, and the New York Philharmonic, performing [[Camille Saint-Saens]]' [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Saint-Saëns)|Concerto No. 2]] in G minor. In September 1963, he again performed the Liszt concerto at the Hollywood Bowl. He opened the 1964-65 National Symphony Orchestra's season in Washington, D.C., performing the Saint-Saens concerto. He returned to New York in January 1965 to perform [[Chopin]]'s [[Piano Concerto No. 2 (Chopin)|Concerto No. 2]] in F minor with the Philharmonic. Watts made his European debut in a London performance with the [[London Symphony Orchestra]] in June 1966.

Watts signed a long-term exclusive contract with [[CBS Records]] on his 21st birthday. By 1969 he was on a full-scale concert schedule, booked three years in advance. Gradually the number of concerts increased, reaching 150 concerts a year by the mid-1970s, and Watts was performing about eight months out of the year. In the late 1970s, he fulfilled roughly 100 dates per year, divided between concert appearances and solo recitals. At the age of 30, he celebrated his tenth consecutive appearance in Lincoln Center's Great Performance Series at [[Avery Fisher Hall]] in 1976.

Since he was the first classical artist to make his debut on television, the producers believed he should have the first solo televised recital. The performance was shown live in its entirety from Lincoln Center. His PBS Sunday afternoon telecast in 1976 was the first solo recital presented on Live from Lincoln Center and the first full-length recital to be aired nationally in prime time.

Watts managed lived up to his early promise, something many child prodigies do not, and became a greater sensation as time passed. In 1964 the National Academy of Recording Artists and Sciences presented Watts with a Grammy Award and in February 1973 he was selected as Musical America's Musician of the Month. Other honors and awards include honorary doctorates from Albright College and Yale University, the Order of the Zaire from that African country, and a University of the Arts Medal from the University of the Arts in Philadelphia.

Watts continues as one of the world's "greatest in demand" pianists. He continues performing on the most prestigious concert stages and with the most preeminent orchestras and conductors.

== Awards and Recognitions ==
; [[Grammy Award for Best New Classical Artist]] :
* [[Grammy Awards of 1964]]

==See also==
* the Negro Almanac: A Reference Work on the Afro American, New York 1976.

===External links===
* http://www.cramermarderartists.com/watts.htm

[[Category:1946 births|Watts, André]]
[[Category:Living people|Watts, André]]
[[Category:American pianists|Watts, André]]
[[Category:Classical pianists|Watts, André]]

[[fr:André Watts]]
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