Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

John Bingham

2006-10-09T18:46:43Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 71.250.218.196 (talk) to last version by Fuzzy510

[[Image:Bingham.jpg|thumb|right|200px|John Bingham]]
:''This article is about the politician. For the runner and author see [[John Bingham (runner)]].''

'''John Bingham''' ([[1815]]–[[1900]]) was a [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[United States Congress|Congressman]] from [[Ohio]], a [[Radical Republican]], and the principal framer of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]]. He came from a prominent [[New England]] family that included [[Hiram Bingham III|Hiram Bingham]], the "rediscoverer" of [[Machu Picchu]].

[[Category:1815 births|Bingham, John]]
[[Category:1900 deaths|Bingham, John]]

{{Ohio-politician-stub}}

Kartchner Caverns State Park

2006-09-24T16:02:19Z

Wikibofh: /* Popularity */ remove dead link

'''Kartchner Caverns State Park''' ({{coor dms|31|50|164|N|110|20|929|W}}) is an [[Arizona]] [[List of Arizona state parks|state park]], located nine miles south of the town of [[Benson, Arizona|Benson]] and is considered by many to be the "[[crown jewels|crown jewel]]" of Arizona's state park system.

The [[park]] encompasses most of a down-dropped block of [[Palaeozoic]] rocks on the east flank of the [[Whetstone Mountains]] in the [[Coronado National Forest]]. it is carved out of [[limestone]] and filled with spectacular [[speleothem]]s which have been growing for 50,000 years, and are still growing due to careful development and maintenance.

== History ==
The caverns were apparently unknown to man until [[1974]], when [[Gary Tenen]] and [[Randy Tufts]], two amateur [[caver]]s found a narrow crack in the bottom of a [[sinkhole]], and followed the source of moist air towards what ended up to being over 2½ miles of pristine cave passages. In the desire to avoid [[vandalism]], the discoverers kept the location of the passages a secret for years; their story was finally made public in [[1988]] when the landowners sold the area to the state for development as a park and show cavern.<ref name="azrepublic">{{cite news
|first = Barbara
|last = Yost
|title = Underground fantasy
|work = Arizona Reublic
|pages = T1, T8-9
|date = [[2006-07-30]]
|language = English
}}</ref>

== Popularity ==
The caves have proven to be popular; over 750,000 people have visited the system in its first three years of the park's existence, a number over double what was projected in the 1992 master plan for the park.

== Features open to public viewing ==

The two major features of the caverns currently available to the public are the ''Throne Room'' and the ''Big Room''. The Throne Room contains one of the world's longest (21' 2") soda straw [[stalactite]]s and a 50-foot high column called ''Kubla Khan''. The Big Room contains the world's most extensive formation of [[brushite]] [[moonmilk]]; it is closed for several months each year because it is a [[nursery roost]] for over 1000 [[evening bat|cave bats]].

Other features publicly accessible within the caverns include ''Mud Flats, Rotunda Room, Echo Passage, Strawberry Room, Cul-de-sac Passage, and Subway Tunnel''.

== Undeveloped sections ==

Several sections identified by the discoverers remain :
*Thunder Room
*Grand Canyon
*Subway Tunnel
*Mushroom Passage
*Pirate's Den
*Granite Dells

===References and external links===
<references/>
* [http://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parkhtml/kartchner.html State Park website]
* [http://www.friendsofkartchner.org/ Friends of Kartchner Caverns State Park]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V61/v61n2-Tuffs.htm Discovery and History]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/Journal_of_Cave_and_Karst_Studies_volume_61.htm Journal of Cave and Karst Studies] (ISSN 01469517), Volume 61(2), August 1999

{{AZ Parks}}
[[Category:Arizona state parks]]
[[Category:Caves of the United States]]
[[Category:Sonoran Desert]]

Kartchner Caverns State Park

2006-09-24T16:01:04Z

Wikibofh: /* History */ add reference, delink "show cavern", add names of discoverers

'''Kartchner Caverns State Park''' ({{coor dms|31|50|164|N|110|20|929|W}}) is an [[Arizona]] [[List of Arizona state parks|state park]], located nine miles south of the town of [[Benson, Arizona|Benson]] and is considered by many to be the "[[crown jewels|crown jewel]]" of Arizona's state park system.

The [[park]] encompasses most of a down-dropped block of [[Palaeozoic]] rocks on the east flank of the [[Whetstone Mountains]] in the [[Coronado National Forest]]. it is carved out of [[limestone]] and filled with spectacular [[speleothem]]s which have been growing for 50,000 years, and are still growing due to careful development and maintenance.

== History ==
The caverns were apparently unknown to man until [[1974]], when [[Gary Tenen]] and [[Randy Tufts]], two amateur [[caver]]s found a narrow crack in the bottom of a [[sinkhole]], and followed the source of moist air towards what ended up to being over 2½ miles of pristine cave passages. In the desire to avoid [[vandalism]], the discoverers kept the location of the passages a secret for years; their story was finally made public in [[1988]] when the landowners sold the area to the state for development as a park and show cavern.<ref name="azrepublic">{{cite news
|first = Barbara
|last = Yost
|title = Underground fantasy
|work = Arizona Reublic
|pages = T1, T8-9
|date = [[2006-07-30]]
|language = English
}}</ref>

== Popularity ==

The caves have proven to be popular; over 750,000 people have visited the system in its first three years of the park's existence [http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Nov/11162003/Sunday/110737.asp], a number over double what was projected in the 1992 master plan for the park.

== Features open to public viewing ==

The two major features of the caverns currently available to the public are the ''Throne Room'' and the ''Big Room''. The Throne Room contains one of the world's longest (21' 2") soda straw [[stalactite]]s and a 50-foot high column called ''Kubla Khan''. The Big Room contains the world's most extensive formation of [[brushite]] [[moonmilk]]; it is closed for several months each year because it is a [[nursery roost]] for over 1000 [[evening bat|cave bats]].

Other features publicly accessible within the caverns include ''Mud Flats, Rotunda Room, Echo Passage, Strawberry Room, Cul-de-sac Passage, and Subway Tunnel''.

== Undeveloped sections ==

Several sections identified by the discoverers remain :
*Thunder Room
*Grand Canyon
*Subway Tunnel
*Mushroom Passage
*Pirate's Den
*Granite Dells

===References and external links===
<references/>
* [http://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parkhtml/kartchner.html State Park website]
* [http://www.friendsofkartchner.org/ Friends of Kartchner Caverns State Park]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V61/v61n2-Tuffs.htm Discovery and History]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/Journal_of_Cave_and_Karst_Studies_volume_61.htm Journal of Cave and Karst Studies] (ISSN 01469517), Volume 61(2), August 1999

{{AZ Parks}}
[[Category:Arizona state parks]]
[[Category:Caves of the United States]]
[[Category:Sonoran Desert]]

Kartchner Caverns State Park

2006-09-24T15:47:46Z

Wikibofh: /* References and external links */ add references tag for inlines

'''Kartchner Caverns State Park''' ({{coor dms|31|50|164|N|110|20|929|W}}) is an [[Arizona]] [[List of Arizona state parks|state park]], located nine miles south of the town of [[Benson, Arizona|Benson]] and is considered by many to be the "[[crown jewels|crown jewel]]" of Arizona's state park system.

The [[park]] encompasses most of a down-dropped block of [[Palaeozoic]] rocks on the east flank of the [[Whetstone Mountains]] in the [[Coronado National Forest]]. it is carved out of [[limestone]] and filled with spectacular [[speleothem]]s which have been growing for 50,000 years, and are still growing due to careful development and maintenance.

== History ==

The caverns were apparently unknown to man until [[1974]], when two amateur [[caver]]s found a narrow crack in the bottom of a [[sinkhole]], and followed the source of moist air towards what ended up to being over 2½ miles of pristine cave passages. In the desire to avoid [[vandalism]], the discoverers kept the location of the passages a secret for years; their story was finally made public in [[1988]] when the landowners sold the area to the state for development as a park and [[show cavern]].

== Popularity ==

The caves have proven to be popular; over 750,000 people have visited the system in its first three years of the park's existence [http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Nov/11162003/Sunday/110737.asp], a number over double what was projected in the 1992 master plan for the park.

== Features open to public viewing ==

The two major features of the caverns currently available to the public are the ''Throne Room'' and the ''Big Room''. The Throne Room contains one of the world's longest (21' 2") soda straw [[stalactite]]s and a 50-foot high column called ''Kubla Khan''. The Big Room contains the world's most extensive formation of [[brushite]] [[moonmilk]]; it is closed for several months each year because it is a [[nursery roost]] for over 1000 [[evening bat|cave bats]].

Other features publicly accessible within the caverns include ''Mud Flats, Rotunda Room, Echo Passage, Strawberry Room, Cul-de-sac Passage, and Subway Tunnel''.

== Undeveloped sections ==

Several sections identified by the discoverers remain :
*Thunder Room
*Grand Canyon
*Subway Tunnel
*Mushroom Passage
*Pirate's Den
*Granite Dells

===References and external links===
<references/>
* [http://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parkhtml/kartchner.html State Park website]
* [http://www.friendsofkartchner.org/ Friends of Kartchner Caverns State Park]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V61/v61n2-Tuffs.htm Discovery and History]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/Journal_of_Cave_and_Karst_Studies_volume_61.htm Journal of Cave and Karst Studies] (ISSN 01469517), Volume 61(2), August 1999

{{AZ Parks}}
[[Category:Arizona state parks]]
[[Category:Caves of the United States]]
[[Category:Sonoran Desert]]

Debrah Ann Miceli

2006-09-07T19:25:36Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 71.80.39.185 (talk) to last version by 69.138.174.91

:''This article is about the professional wrestler and monster truck driver. It is not to be confused with the ancient Greek mythologocal character spelled [[Medusa]].''

{{Infobox Wrestler
|name=Debra Ann Miceli
|image=Madusa_2006.jpg
|names=Alundra Blayze, Madusa, Madusa Miceli
|height=5 ft 10 in
|weight=136 lb
|birth_date =[[February 9]], [[1963]]
|death_date =
|birth_place =[[Milan]], [[Italy]]
|resides=[[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
|billed=
|trainer=[[Eddie Sharkey]]
|debut= 1987
|retired= 2001
|}}

'''Debra Ann Miceli''' (born [[February 6]], [[1963]] in [[Milan]]) better known as '''Madusa''' (MADe in USA) or '''Alundra Blayze''', is a former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] for [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]]. She has also recently driven the [[Madusa (truck)|Madusa]] [[monster truck]] for [[Clear Channel Communications]] on [[Monster Jam]], and will drive a truck of the same name for [[Bigfoot (truck)|Team Bigfoot]] beginning in 2007.

==Wrestling career==
===AWA===
Miceli started wrestling in [[1987]] in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] as '''Madusa Miceli''', a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] women's wrestler and manager to [[Kevin Wacholz|Kevin Kelly]], Nick Kiniski, and AWA World Champion [[Curt Hennig]].

She won the AWA Women's Title in a tournament final over [[Candi Devine]] on [[December 27]], 1987. She [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuded]] with Devine and then [[Wendy Savinovich|Wendi Richter]] for the belt and lost it to Richter on [[November 26]], [[1988]]. She then left for IWA in [[Japan]], where she won the Women's Title twice and learned the Japanese wrestling style. She was the first woman to be awarded Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Rookie of The Year Award.

===WCW===
She then went to WCW in late [[1991]]. She briefly fueded with Bambi, [[Judy Martin]] and [[Jeannie Clark|Lady Blossom]]. She then went on to help [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] form his [[Dangerous Alliance]] of [[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]], [[Arn Anderson]], [[Bobby Eaton]], [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|"Stunning" Steve Austin]] and [[Larry Zbyszko]]. She often interfered in their matches and most often accompanied Rude to the ring. At [[Beach Blast]] on [[June 20]], [[1992]], she lost a [[bikini contest]] to [[Missy Hyatt]]. In October, Dangerously kicked her out of the Dangerous Alliance and she got revenge when she defeated him (by countout after he ran from her) in a match on [[November 18]], [[1992]] at the ''[[Clash of Champions|Clash of the Champions]]''. It was during this time that she was briefly married to wrestler [[Eddie Gilbert]].

===WWF===
In [[1993]], the WWF re-instated its [[WWF Women's Championship|Women's Championship]], a title that had been vacant since 1990, and Micelli signed on to be the star of the new women's division. She debuted as '''Alundra Blayze,''' and wrestled in a six-woman tournament to crown a new women's champion. She defeated Allison Royal in the first round, received a bye into the finals, where she pinned [[Heidi Lee Morgan]] to win the title. She became the first born Italian to win the title. She would go on to defend the belt against Morgan, [[Leilani Kai]], [[Debbie Szestecki|Debbie Combs]] and [[Gertrude Vachon|Luna Vachon]]. She also travelled to Japan where she defended the title against [[Kyoko Inoue]], [[Sakie Hasegawa]], and [[Bull Nakano]]. She was defeated by Nakano in a non-title match during the Japan tour. Nakano emerged as part of the WWF roster in the summer of 1994 and the two feuded. Their first encounter on an edition of Monday Night RAW resulted in a double-count out. Blayze defeated Nakano at the Summerslam pay-per-view in August 1994, but would lose the belt to Nakano on November 20, 1994 in Tokyo, during All-Japan Women's wrestling extravaganza called "Big Egg Wrestling Universe." It would be five months before Blayze could regain the title from Nakano on an edition of Monday Night RAW on April 3, 1995.
Immediately following the win, she was attacked by [[Rhonda Singh|Bertha Faye]], who "broke" her nose. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. The story was that she was recovering from her broken nose. In reality, Miceli left to get breast implants and a nose job. Blayze returned to the ring in August 1995, losing the women's title to Bertha Faye at the 1995 Summerslam on August 27, 1995. She bounced back to win the title a third time, defeating Faye on October 23, 1995 in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.
The WWF then imported [[Aja Kong]] from Japan and set up a Blayze/Kong feud. Their first showdown was at the 1995 Survivor Series, where Blayze, along with Kyoko Inoue, Sakie Hasegawa and Chaparita Asari battled Bertha Faye, Aja Kong, Tomoko Watanabe and Lioness Asuka. In the end, Kong pinned Blayze to be the sole survivor.
The following week on RAW, Kong and Watanabe defeated Blayze and Inoue when Kong pinned Inoue. Kong then defeated Chaparita Asari a week later.
But that would be the last women's match in the WWF for sometime and the Blayze/Kong feud never materialised, though it had been advertised by WWF Magazine as one of the matches at the 1996 Royal Rumble. Alundra Blayze disappeared from the WWF.

===Return to WCW===
It turned out that Miceli had not been happy with the Blayze character and began negotiating with her old employer, WCW. The WWF found out and fired her for talking to the competition while still under contract. Miceli quickly signed with WCW and showed up on ''[[WCW Monday Nitro]]'' on [[December 18]], [[1995]]. As a blow to her now former employer, she denounced the Blayze gimmick, threw the WWF Women's Title Belt in a trash can and reclaimed her '''Madusa''' moniker in one of the most memorable moments in the history of both companies. Rather than hold a tournament to crown a new champion, the WWF once again abandoned the women's title. In WCW, Madusa had a brief feud with [[Sherri Martel]] because Sherri supposedly stole [[Robert Fuller|Col. Rob Parker]] from her and even interrupted their wedding vows in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. Martel pinned Madusa in the first ever women's match on WCW Monday Nitro. Their feud ended after that.

With Madusa back in WCW, the company brought in Bull Nakano to feud with her. They battled in a 'Loser gets their bike bashed' match at WCW Hog Wild in the summer of 1996. Madusa won the match and got to bash Nakano's motorcycle. Nakano went back to Japan and retired from wrestling shortly afterwards, leaving Madusa with no one to wrestle. The company decided to establish a [[WCW Women's Championship|women's championship]] and struck a deal with the GAEA Japan organization to bring in women wrestlers. At tournament was held in the fall of 1996. Madusa defeated Reina Jabuki in the first round, and [[Chigusa Nagayo|Zero]] in the semi-final, but she lost to [[Hisako Uno Sasaki|Akira Hokuto]] in the finals of the tournament on [[December 29]], [[1996]] at [[StarrCade]]. Madusa never could win the title. She claimed to have won it in Japan, but records indicated otherwise. On [[June 15]], [[1997]], at the ''[[The Great American Bash|Great American Bash]]'', Miceli lost a retirement match to Hokuto.

===Third WCW stint===

Madusa returned to WCW in [[1999]] as part of [[Randy Poffo|Randy Savage's]] Team Savage with [[Stephanie Bellars|Gorgeous George]] and [[Noreen Greenwald|Miss Madness]]. She was eventually kicked out by Savage due to a dispute in July 1999.

[[Image:Madusa_16.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Madusa attempts to seduce Evan Karagias on WCW Monday Nitro in November 1999.]]

After a three month sabbatical, Madusa made her return to television on the [[October 18]], 1999 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'' when she participated in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Bra and Panties Match|"New York Style" Evening Gown Match]] with [[Noreen Greenwald|Mona]], although she was less than enthusiastic about the idea. Mona came out in a blue evening gown whereas Madusa made a half-hearted effort regarding her wardrobe in that she came out in a [[casual]] "[[Tommy Hilfiger|Tommy Sports]]" dress. While Madusa was ranting to the ringside announcers, Mona came from behind and stripped Madusa of her gown, down to her [[shorts]] and [[brassiere#Types of bra|sports bra]]. Madusa then grabbed the microphone to complain even more, and told "everyone behind her" to kiss her [[posterior]]. At ''[[Halloween Havoc#1999|WCW Halloween Havoc 1999]]'', Madusa would reluctantly come out in a red [[bikini]] to shill [[cologne]]. An angry Madusa would then dump the contents of the bottle over [[Bobby Heenan]].

Madusa soon aligned herself with [[Evan Karagias]] after he came to her aid after she lost to [[Meng]] in a match on Nitro in [[October 1999]]. The two developed a romantic bond the very next week on Nitro as they let their affections for each other be known in an unusual match. During the match, the two didn't exactly grapple, but rather, they exchanged romantic pleasantries throughout the contest. For starters, Madusa felt up his [[chest]], pinched his backside and batted his [[baseball cap]] off in a playful manner. Evan returned the favor by grappling her into some promiscuous wrestling positions and whispering sweet nothings into her ear - to her liking no less. At one point, a smirking Madusa backed him into a corner and attempted to seduce him by shoving her large breasts in his direction. The match came to conclusion when she smothered him with a large [[kiss]] as she pinned him for a victory. Karagias didn't mind losing the match and he made her his manager. Madusa would help lead him to the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at ''[[WCW Mayhem|WCW Mayhem 1999]]''. Soon after his title win, Madusa became interested in Evan's Cruiserweight Championship belt.

Madusa earned a title shot at ''WCW StarrCade'' on ''Monday Nitro'' when she defeated Mona and Evan Karagias in a three-way match. Then at ''StarrCade'', Madusa defeated Evan to become the first female to win the WCW Cruiserweight Title. Madusa had dumped Evan a week before the bout when she caught him flirting with [[Melissa Bellin|Spice]] backstage. Spice became Evan's new girl and she was in his corner at ''StarrCade''; however, Spice distracted Evan during his match with Madusa at ''StarrCade'' to help Madusa reign victorious. Spice them aligned herself with Madusa and she became her manager. The relationship only lasted about a month as Spice returned to her role as a [[Nitro Girl]] soon after.

[[Image:Madusa_wig.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Madusa wears a wig on WCW Monday Nitro.]]

[[Image:Madusa_bbq.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Oklahoma pours [[BBQ sauce]] on Madusa in January 2000.]]

Though her reign as WCW Cruiserweight champion was short-lived, a few memorable moments took place nonetheless. On the [[January 10]], [[2000]] edition of Nitro, Madusa inexplicably came out wearing a blue [[wig]], not to mention an ill-fitting bikini top. Madusa's bizarre look was akin to a female [[Anime]] character come to life in that female Anime characters have colorful [[hair]], curvaceous [[physique]]s and wear gaudy outfits. On this edition of Nitro, Madusa came out to tend to [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] after she was struck by [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] with a bottle of [[barbecue sauce]] during a match. Oklahoma then struck Madusa from behind with a [[broom]]. And thus her feud with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] started.

Perhaps the most memorable moment of her reign as Cruiserweight champ took place in an evening gown match with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] on an episode of [[WCW Thunder]] on [[January 12]], 2000. Madusa easily defeated Oklahoma by stripping off his dress. After the match, Oklahoma retaliated and struck Madusa with a glass bottle containing barbecue sauce. Oklahoma then disrobed Madusa to reveal her blue [[undergarments]]. What with her large breasts billowing out of a [[push-up bra]], Oklahoma proceeded to pour the BBQ sauce down her mountainous [[cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]]. Oklahoma then kicked Madusa in the back and she fell to the floor outside the ring. She eventually lost the belt to [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] at ''[[Souled Out|WCW Souled Out]]'' in January 16, 2000. During her reign, Madusa would only defend the WCW Cruiserweight Title on television on two other occasions. She defeated [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] on the first edition of [[WCW Thunder]] of 2000. She also defeated a male [[Plant (professional wrestling)|plant]] on the [[January 15]], 2000 edition of [[WCW Saturday Night]]. Madusa would also defeat [[Sherri Martel]] in a non-title match on Thunder.

After her title reign came to a close, Madusa would continue to feud with Oklahoma for a few more weeks. In on-camera interviews, Oklahoma would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] Madusa has legitimately had over the years. On the [[February 7]], 2000 edition of Nitro, Oklahoma brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done [[cosmetic surgery]] on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Oklahoma then said that Madusa had no place in the WCW Women's Division and that there wasn't anything natural about Madusa. Madusa eventually came out and beat up both Oklahoma and Dr. Jeter. The conclusion of Madusa's feud with Oklahoma occurred on the [[February 21]], 2000 edition of Nitro in a match where she was disguised as [[La Parka]] for a match with [[Prince Iaukea|The Artist Formerly Known as Prince Iaukea]]. Because "La Parka" was looking thin - not to mention voluptuous in the chest - Oklahoma could easily tell that this was an imposter.
Oklahoma then ripped off the mask to reveal an embarrassed Madusa. The real La Parka then entered the ring and hit Oklahoma with a chairshot.

WCW didn't have much in the way for Madusa creatively and she only made a few appearances during the rest of the year. She then became an instructor at the [[WCW Power Plant]] to help train the females for wrestling matches. She did that until the foreclosure of the company in [[2001]]. Madusa wrestled exactly one match after she left WCW as she wrestled [[Elizabeth Carolan|Beth Phoenix]] at an [[independent circuit|independent show]] in [[Arizona]] in [[May 2001|May]] of that year. She retired from pro wrestling for good in 2001.

==Cosmetic surgery==

[[Image:365_mad.jpg|right|thumb|130px|Madusa after her second breast augmentation, circa 1999.]]
Madusa has had a number of [[cosmetic surgery]] procedures performed on her [[Human anatomy|body]] over the years. She has gotten [[rhinoplasty]] surgery on at least one occasion. She has gotten a [[Breast implant|breast augmentation]] on at least two occasions. She has also gotten a [[breast reduction]]. Cosmetic surgery has played a tremendous factor in the changes to Madusa's physical appearance over the years. Sometimes it would even carry over into the ring.

Cosmetic surgery was the catalyst to an injury storyline during her time in the WWF. The night after ''[[WrestleMania XI]]'' on [[Monday Night RAW]], the debuting [[Rhonda Singh]] jumped her from behind and brutally attacked her. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. According to the storyline, Rhonda Singh had broken Alundra Blaze's nose and she had to lay at home to recover. The storyline was furthered when ''WWF Magazine'' printed a photo of a bed-ridden Alundra Blayze. In reality, Madusa needed to take some time off to get [[breast implant]]s, not to mention a [[nose job]]. Rhonda Singh recalled, "Madusa was going away, and she was getting new boobs and a new nose. For three months, it was going to be Nakano and I. She was going to drop the belt to me, Madusa was going to come back after a while, we'd add a few more girls and make it a legitimate women's division. Eventually, Madusa and I would battle for the belt and it was undecided from there." [http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBiosS/sing_rhonda_01jan-can.html]

Upon returning to World Championship Wrestling in [[1999]], Madusa's breasts were substantially larger in contrast to any other point in her wrestling career. As it turns out, Madusa had gotten an even larger set of breast implants prior to her return to WCW. In an interview ''WCW Magazine'' conducted with her in the summer of 1999, Madusa revealed that her reasoning behind the implants was that they gave her a bit more confidence in herself. "I got those for me," Madusa said. "I wanted to embellish my own beauty, to give myself a little more confidence. When I got them, I was 5-10, 150 pounds and really, I had nothing. I looked silly. So I got them and I think they look good." Madusa would eventually reveal her [[Bra_size#Bra_sizes|bra size]] to be a D cup. Alarmingly, that was her natural (and current) size after she got a [[breast reduction]] a few years later. [http://www.madusa.com/commerce/askme/askme.asp?page=86&cmdMove=jmp]

[[Image:Up_132603280_madusa.jpg|left|thumb|130px|Madusa in her natural state, circa 2005.]]

Madusa's cosmetic surgery would factor into wrestling storylines on a second occasion while she was in WCW. In this case, attention was directed to the amount of plastic surgery that Madusa has legitimately had over the years as a vehicle to demean her. In on-camera interviews, a character by the name of [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] that Madusa has had over the years. It eventually lead to a [[catchphrase]] as Oklahoma would often say, "There ain't nothing natural about Madusa!" Madusa's cosmetic surgery was a central angle on one show in particular. On the February 7, 2000 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'', Oklahoma brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done cosmetic surgery on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Madusa eventually came out and beat up both Oklahoma and Dr. Jeter. Ironically, Madusa came out in a revealing bikini top in which her large, pendulous breasts were flailing around uncontrollably as she scurried down the entrance way. After she took care of business in the ring, a fan in the front row reached his hand out in an ill-fated attempt to touch her indiscreetly visible breasts while she was leaving the ringside area. However, Madusa was aware of her surroundings and she proceeded to smack the fan's hand away before he could touch her [[Cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]]. Madusa was legitimately [[angered]] from this person's attempt at [[sexual harassment]]. She proceeded to yell a few [[expletive]]s and give the fan in question the [[The finger|middle finger]] gesture as she was walking away.

After the demise of WCW in [[2001]], several people that saw her in person at various [[USHRA]] [[Monster truck]] events noted that her breasts were significantly smaller in contrast to her final WCW stint. When questioned about it on her official [[website]], Madusa revealed that she had indeed gotten a [[breast reduction]]. The main factor that lead to her [[breast reduction]] was that her breasts were much too large, pendulous, and annoying to her physical well-being. Due in part to the extremely pendulous nature of her breasts - as evident by their motions during her ring entrances in her final WCW stint - her breasts had a tendency to easily jerk around whenever she would [[walk]], much less [[run]], and thus she stated that she couldn't run long distances as it would bring much physical pain to her. Also, seeing how she was retired from professional wrestling, Madusa felt as though that the implants were no longer necessary for her new line of work as a Monster truck driver where it wasn't necessary for her to display her body in a sexual manner. She had them removed in either [[2001]] or [[2002]]. Madusa has stated numerous times on her official website that she regretted getting breast implants in the first place.

==Personal life==
*Miceli posed nude for ''[[Playboy (magazine)|Playboy]]'' in 1987 but never signed the release for the pictures to be published. The reason the release was never signed was due to the fact that she was scheduled to begin work in Japan. Since Japanese promotions had very strict rules governing conduct for female wrestlers at the time, Miceli opted not to have the pictures published.

*Madusa was married to Eddie Gilbert in the early 1990s. After their divorce she married former [[National Football League|NFL]] player Ken Blackman in the late [[1990s]] and into the turn of the [[millennium]]. Things just didn't work out between them and they decided to go their separate ways.

*She has homes in both [[Virginia]] and [[Florida]].

*Madusa drove a monster truck of the same name for [[Live Nation]] in their Monster Jam series, but was recently released over contract issues. On May 12, 2006 she announced that she had signed up to drive a Madusa truck for Team Bigfoot, beginning later in 2006. She currently runs a pet grooming service.

==Trivia==
* [[Dusty Rhodes]] referred to Miceli as "[[Methuselah]]".
* Madusa is one of the first monster trucks named after its driver.
* Due to her martial arts background, Madusa preferred to wrestle [[barefoot]], a la [[Kevin Von Erich]].

==In wrestling==
===Finishing and Signature Moves===
'''*[[Suplex#German suplex|Bridging German Suplex]]'''
*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Spinning heel-kick|Spinning Heel Kick]]
*[[Suplex#Snap suplex|Snap Suplex]]
*Standing Hurricanrana
*Piledriver
*Victory Roll
*Swinging Hair Takedown
*Sunset Flip

===Managers===
*[[Melissa Bellin|Spice]]

==Wrestlers managed==
*[[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]]

===Championships and accomplishments===
*3-Time [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[AWA Women's Championship|AWA Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[WCW Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Champion]]
*2-Time IWA (Japan) Women's Champion
*Miceli won the [[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] Rookie of the Year Award in 1988.
*[[USHRA]] [[Monster Jam World Finals]] Racing champion (2005)
*USHRA Monster Jam World Finals [[Freestyle (monster trucks)|Freestyle]] co-champion (2004)

==Championship succession==
{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before= '''Vacant''' |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= First reign |
after= [[Bull Nakano]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bull Nakano]]|
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Second reign |
after= [[Bertha Faye]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bertha Faye]] |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Third reign |
after= '''Vacant'''
}}
{{end box}}

==References==
*[http://www.madusa.com Madusa.com]
*[http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/profiles/m/madusa.html Madusa at Obsessed With Wrestling.com]
*[http://www.monster-style.com/headline.php?id=13 Madusa released from Live Nation]
*[http://norcalmonsters.com/ Madusa announces Bigfoot contract]

==External links==
*[http://www.madusa.com Official Website]

[[Category:AWA alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:WWE Alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:World Championship Wrestling alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Female professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Italian professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:1963 births|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Adult models|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Living people|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster trucks|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster truck drivers|Miceli, Debra]]

[[ja:デブラ・ミセリー]]

Braune Einsiedlerspinne

2006-09-06T19:37:15Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 208.108.100.75 (talk) to last version by 24.206.111.221

{{Taxobox
| color = pink
| name = Brown recluse spider
| image = Brown recluse spider, Loxosceles_reclusa.jpg
| image_width = 200px
| regnum = [[Animal]]ia
| phylum = [[Arthropoda]]
| classis = [[Arachnida]]
| ordo = [[Araneae]]
| familia = [[Sicariidae]]
| genus = ''[[Loxosceles]]''
| species = '''''L. reclusa'''''
| binomial = ''Loxosceles reclusa''
| binomial_authority = [[Willis J. Gertsch|Gertsch]] & [[Mulaik]], [[1940]]
}}

The '''brown recluse spider''' is a venomous [[spider]], ''[[Loxosceles]] reclusa'', of the family [[Sicariidae]] (formerly of the family ''[[Loxoscelidae]]''). It is usually between ¼ and ¾ inch (6.4-19.1mm) but may grow larger. It is brown and usually has markings on the [[Dorsum (biology)|dorsal]] side of its [[cephalothorax]], with a black line coming from it that looks like a [[violin]] with the neck of the violin pointing to the rear of the spider resulting in the nickname "fiddleback spider" or "violin spider". Coloring varies from light tan to brown and the violin marking may not be visible. Since the "violin pattern" is not diagnostic, and other spiders may have similar marking (i.e. cellar spiders ([[Pholcidae]] family) and pirate spiders ([[Mimetidae]] family)), for purposes of identification it is far more important to examine the eyes. Differing from most spiders, which have 8 eyes, recluse spiders have 6 eyes arranged in pairs ([[dyad]]s) with one [[median]] pair and 2 [[lateral]] pairs. Only a few other spiders have 3 pairs of eyes arranged this way (e.g., [[Scytodidae|scytodids]]), and recluses can be distinguished from these as recluse abdomens have no coloration pattern nor do their legs, which also lack spines.<ref name="DermatolOnlineJ1999-Vetter">{{cite journal | author = Vetter R | title = Identifying and misidentifying the brown recluse spider | journal = Dermatol Online J | volume = 5 | issue = 2 | pages = 7 | year = 1999 | id = PMID 10673460 | url=http://dermatology.cdlib.org/DOJvol5num2/special/recluse.html}}</ref> [[Recluse spiders]] build irregular webs that frequently include a shelter consisting of disorderly threads. These spiders frequently build their webs in woodpiles and sheds, closets, garages, and other places that are dry and generally undisturbed. Unlike most web weavers, they leave these webs at night to hunt.

==Distribution==
The brown recluse spider is native to the [[United States]] from the southern [[Midwest]] south to the [[Gulf of Mexico]] <ref>{{cite web | author=Jone SC | title=Ohio State University Fact Sheet: Brown Recluse Spider | url=http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/2000/2061.html | accessdate=2006-09-02}}</ref> The native range lies roughly south of a line from southeastern [[Nebraska]] through southern [[Iowa]], [[Illinois]], and [[Indiana]] to southwestern [[Ohio]]. In the southern states, it is native from central [[Texas]] to western [[Georgia (U.S. state)|Georgia]]. They are generally not found west of the [[Rocky Mountains]].<ref name="NEJM2005-Vetter">{{cite journal | author = Swanson D, Vetter R | title = Bites of brown recluse spiders and suspected necrotic arachnidism. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 352 | issue = 7 | pages = 700-7 | year = 2005 | id = PMID 15716564}}</ref>

==A venomous bite==
[[Image:brown_recluse.jpg|thumb|left|200px|Brown Recluse (Photo courtesy of the University of Nebraska)]]
As indicated by its name, this spider is not aggressive and usually bites only when pressed against human skin, such as when tangled up within clothes, bath towels, or in bedding.<ref name="AnnEmergMed2002-Vetter">{{cite journal | author = Vetter R, Bush S | title = The diagnosis of brown recluse spider bite is overused for dermonecrotic wounds of uncertain etiology | journal = Ann Emerg Med | volume = 39 | issue = 5 | pages = 544-6 | year = 2002 | id = PMID 11973562}}</ref>. Actual brown recluse bites are rare. Brown recluse bites may produce a range of symptoms known as loxoscelism. There are two types of loxoscelism: [[cutaneous]](skin) and systemic (viscerocutaneous).

Most bites are minor with no [[necrosis]]. However, a small number of bites produce severe dermonecrotic lesions; rarely the bite may also produce the systemic condition with occasional fatalities. (For a comparison of the toxicity of several kinds of spider bites, see the list of [[spiders having medically significant venom]].)

A minority of bites form a necrotizing [[ulcer]] that destroys soft tissue and may take months and very rarely years to heal, leaving deep [[scar]]s. The damaged tissue will become [[gangrene|gangrenous]] and eventually slough away. The initial bite frequently cannot be felt and there may be no pain, but over time the wound may grow to as large as 10 inches (25 cm) in extreme cases. Bites usually become painful and itchy within 2 to 8 hours, pain and other local effects worsen 12 to 36 hours after the bite with the necrosis developing over the next few days.<ref name="ClinTox-Wasserman">{{cite journal | author = Wasserman G, Anderson P | title = Loxoscelism and necrotic arachnidism | journal = J Toxicol Clin Toxicol | volume = 21 | issue = 4-5 | pages = 451-72 | year =1983-1984 | id = PMID 6381752}}</ref>

Serious systemic effects may occur before this time, as the venom spreads throughout the body in minutes. Mild symptoms include [[nausea]], [[vomiting]], [[fever]], [[rash]]es, and muscle and joint pain. Rarely more severe symptoms occur including [[hemolysis]], [[thrombocytopenia]], and [[disseminated intravascular coagulation]].<ref name="NEJM2005-Wasserman">{{cite journal | author = Wasserman G | title = Bites of the brown recluse spider. | journal = N Engl J Med | volume = 352 | issue = 19 | pages = 2029-30; author reply 2029-30 | year = 2005 | id = PMID 15892198}}</ref> Debilitated patients, the elderly, and children may be more susceptible to systemic loxoscelism. Deaths have been reported for both the brown recluse and the related South American species ''L. laeta'' and ''L. intermedia.''

==Bite Treatment==
First aid involves the application of an ice pack to control [[inflammation]], the application of aloe vera to soothe and help control the pain, and prompt medical care. If it can be easily captured, the spider should be brought with the patient in a clear, tightly closed container so it may be identified. However, by the time the bite is noticed any spider found nearby is not likely to be the culprit.

There is no established treatment for necrosis. Routine treatment should include elevation and immobilization of the affected limb, application of ice, local wound care, and tetanus prophylaxis. Many other therapies have been used with varying degrees of success including [[hyperbaric oxygen]], [[dapsone]], antihistamines (e.g., [[cyproheptadine]]), [[antibiotics]], [[dextran]], [[glucocorticoids]], vasodilators, [[heparin]], [[nitroglycerin]], [[electric shock]], [[curettage]], [[surgery|surgical excision]], and [[antivenom]]. None of these treatments been subjected to controlled, randomized trials to conclusively show benefit. In almost all cases, bites are self-limited and typically heal without any medical intervention.<ref name="NEJM2005-Vetter"/>

===Specific treatments===
[[Dapsone]] is commonly used in the [[USA]] and [[Brazil]] for the treatment of necrosis. There have been conflicting reports about its efficacy and some have suggested it should no longer be used routinely, if at all.<ref name="AmJEmergMed2003-Bryant">{{cite journal | author = Bryant S, Pittman L | title = Dapsone use in Loxosceles reclusa envenomation: is there an indication? | journal = Am J Emerg Med | volume = 21 | issue = 1 | pages = 89-90 | year = 2003 | id = PMID 12563594}}</ref>

Wound infection is rare. Antibiotics are not recommended unless there is a credible diagnosis of infection.<ref name="MoMed1998-Anderson">{{cite journal | author = Anderson P | title = Missouri brown recluse spider: a review and update | journal = Mo Med | volume = 95 | issue = 7 | pages = 318-22 | year = 1998 | id = PMID 9666677}}</ref>

Studies have shown surgical intervention is ineffective and may worsen outcome. Excision may delay wound healing, cause [[abscesses]], and lead to objectional scarring.<ref name="AnnSurg1985-Rees">{{cite journal | author = Rees R, Altenbern D, Lynch J, King L | title = Brown recluse spider bites. A comparison of early surgical excision versus dapsone and delayed surgical excision | journal = Ann Surg | volume = 202 | issue = 5 | pages = 659-63 | year = 1985 | id = PMID 4051613}}</ref>

[[Anecdotal evidence]] suggests benefit can be gained with the application of [[Glyceryl trinitrate#Uses|nitroglycerin]] patches.<ref>{{cite web | author=Burton K |title=The Brown Recluse Spider: Finally stopped in its tracks | url=http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Forest/2021/recluse/intro.html | accessdate=2006-09-02}}</ref> The brown recluse venom is a vasoconstrictor, and nitroglycerin causes [[vasodilation]], allowing the venom to be diluted into the bloodstream, and fresh blood to flow to the wound. Theoretically this prevents necrosis, as vasoconstriction may contribute to necrosis. However, one scientific animal study found no benefit in preventing necrosis, with results showing it increased inflammation and it caused symptoms of systemic envenoming. The authors concluded the results of the study did not support the use of topical nitroglycerin in brown recluse envenoming.<ref name="AnnEmergMed2001-Lowry">{{cite journal | author = Lowry B, Bradfield J, Carroll R, Brewer K, Meggs W | title = A controlled trial of topical nitroglycerin in a New Zealand white rabbit model of brown recluse spider envenomation | journal = Ann Emerg Med | volume = 37 | issue = 2 | pages = 161-5 | year = 2001 | id = PMID 11174233}}</ref>

Antivenom is available in South America, it appears antivenom may be the most promising therapy. However, antivenoms are most effective if given early and because of the painless bite patients do not often present until 24 or more hours after the event, possibly limiting the effect of this intervention.<ref name="ClinTox2003-Isbister">{{cite journal | author = Isbister G, Graudins A, White J, Warrell D | title = Antivenom treatment in arachnidism | journal = J Toxicol Clin Toxicol | volume = 41 | issue = 3 | pages = 291-300 | year = 2003 | id = PMID 12807312}}</ref>

==Misdiagnoses==
It is estimated that 80% of reported brown recluse bites may be misdiagnoses. The misdiagnosis of a wound as a brown recluse bite could delay proper treatment of serious diseases.<ref name="NEJM2005-Vetter"/> There is now a test for brown recluse venom that can determine if a wound is a brown recluse bite, although it is not in routine use.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Gomez H, Krywko D, Stoecker W | title = A new assay for the detection of Loxosceles species (brown recluse) spider venom | journal = Ann Emerg Med | volume = 39 | issue = 5 | pages = 469-74 | year = 2002 | id = PMID 11973553}}</ref>

There are numerous documented infectious and noninfectious conditions (including [[pyoderma gangrenosum]], bacterial infections by ''[[Staphylococcus]]'' and ''[[Streptococcus]]'', [[herpes]], diabetic ulcer, fungal infections, chemical burns, [[toxicodendron]] dermatitis, [[squamous cell carcinoma]], localized [[vasculitis]], [[syphilis]], [[toxic epidermal necrolysis]], [[sporotrichosis]], and [[Lyme disease]]) that produce wounds that have been initially misdiagnosed as recluse bites by medical professionals; many of these conditions are far more common and more likely to be the source of mysterious necrotic wounds, even in areas where recluses actually occur.<ref name="NEJM2005-Vetter"/>

Reported cases of bites occur primarily in [[Texas]], [[Kansas]], [[Missouri]], [[Colorado]], and [[Oklahoma]]. There have been many reports of brown recluse bites in [[California]] (and elsewhere outside the range of the brown recluse); however the brown recluse is not found in California<ref>{{cite web | author=Vetter R |title=Myth of the Brown Recluse: Fact, Fear, and Loathing | url=http://spiders.ucr.edu/myth.html | accessdate=2006-09-02}}</ref> (though a few related species may be found there, none of which have been shown to bite humans). Many arachnologists believe that many bites attributed to the brown recluse in the [[West Coast of the United States|West Coast]] are not spider bites at all, or possibly instead the bites of other spider species; for example, the bite of the [[hobo spider]] has been reported to produce similar symptoms, and is found in the northwestern [[United States]] and southern [[British Columbia]] in Canada. However, the toxicity of the hobo spider has been called into question as bites have not been proven to cause necrosis, and the spider is not considered a problem in its native [[Europe]].<ref name="AnnEmergMed2004-Isbister">{{cite journal | author = Vetter R, Isbister G | title = Do hobo spider bites cause dermonecrotic injuries? | journal = Ann Emerg Med | volume = 44 | issue = 6 | pages = 605-7 | year = 2004 | id = PMID 15573036}}</ref>

== Footnotes ==
<div class="references-small">
<references />
</div>

==External links==
*[http://www.uark.edu/depts/entomolo/museum/browrec.html More information and excellent pictures from the area in the U.S. where these spiders are most often encountered.]
*[http://www.brownreclusespider.org/brown-recluse-spider-bite-symptom.htm Brown Recluse Spider bite info]
*[http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/entomology/factsheets/brownrec.html Description of brown recluse]
*[http://www.emedicine.com/EMERG/topic547.htm Emergency medical treatment]
*[http://hobospider.org/recluse.jpg Photo at hobospider.org]
*[http://department.monm.edu/biology/recluse-project/index.htm Illinois and Iowa Brown Recluse Project requesting specimens from public]
*[http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/reference/spiders/brown_recluse.asp Brown Recluse Spider]
*[http://www.surviveoutdoors.com/emergency/spiderbites_recluse.asp Brown Recluse Spider Bites]
*[http://www.highway60.com/mark/brs/ BiteSite Over 1,500 MyBites with photos]
* [http://spiders.ucr.edu/myth.html Myth of the Brown Recluse] (Fact, Fear, and Loathing)
* Sezerino UM, et. al. [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=9861376&dopt=Citation A clinical and epidemiological study of Loxosceles spider envenoming in Santa Catarina, Brazil.] ''Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg.'' 1998 Sep-Oct;92(5):546-8.
* [http://www.lib.uiowa.edu/hardin/md/brownrecluse.html Links to Brown recluse spider bites (Hardin MD/Univ of Iowa)]

[[Category:Sicariidae]]
[[Category:Dangerous spiders]]

[[fr:Loxosceles reclusa]]

Debrah Ann Miceli

2006-08-25T14:23:40Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 195.93.21.2 (talk) to last version by 69.138.174.91

:''This article is about the professional wrestler and monster truck driver. It is not to be confused with the ancient Greek mythologocal character spelled [[Medusa]].''

{{Infobox Wrestler
|name=Debra Ann Miceli
|image=Madusa_2006.jpg
|names=Alundra Blayze, Madusa, Madusa Miceli
|height=5 ft 10 in
|weight=136 lb
|birth_date =[[February 9]], [[1963]]
|death_date =
|birth_place =[[Milan]], [[Italy]]
|resides=[[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
|billed=
|trainer=[[Eddie Sharkey]]
|debut= 1987
|retired= 2001
|}}

'''Debra Ann Miceli''' (born [[February 6]], [[1963]] in [[Milan]]) better known as '''Madusa''' (MADe in USA) or '''Alundra Blayze''', is a former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] for [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]]. She has also recently driven the [[Madusa (truck)|Madusa]] [[monster truck]] for [[Clear Channel Communications]] on [[Monster Jam]], and will drive a truck of the same name for [[Bigfoot (truck)|Team Bigfoot]] beginning in 2007.

==Wrestling career==
===AWA===
Miceli started wrestling in [[1987]] in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] as '''Madusa Miceli''', a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] women's wrestler and manager to [[Kevin Wacholz|Kevin Kelly]], Nick Kiniski, and AWA World Champion [[Curt Hennig]].

She won the AWA Women's Title in a tournament final over [[Candi Devine]] on [[December 27]], 1987. She [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuded]] with Devine and then [[Wendy Savinovich|Wendi Richter]] for the belt and lost it to Richter on [[November 26]], [[1988]]. She then left for IWA in [[Japan]], where she won the Women's Title twice and learned the Japanese wrestling style. She was the first woman to be awarded Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Rookie of The Year Award.

===WCW===
She then went to WCW in late [[1991]]. She briefly fueded with Bambi, [[Judy Martin]] and [[Jeannie Clark|Lady Blossom]]. She then went on to help [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] form his [[Dangerous Alliance]] of [[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]], [[Arn Anderson]], [[Bobby Eaton]], [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|"Stunning" Steve Austin]] and [[Larry Zbyszko]]. She often interfered in their matches and most often accompanied Rude to the ring. At [[Beach Blast]] on [[June 20]], [[1992]], she lost a [[bikini contest]] to [[Missy Hyatt]]. In October, Dangerously kicked her out of the Dangerous Alliance and she got revenge when she defeated him (by countout after he ran from her) in a match on [[November 18]], [[1992]] at the ''[[Clash of Champions|Clash of the Champions]]''. It was during this time that she was briefly married to wrestler [[Eddie Gilbert]].

===WWF===
In [[1993]], the WWF re-instated its [[WWF Women's Championship|Women's Championship]], a title that had been vacant since 1990, and Micelli signed on to be the star of the new women's division. She debuted as '''Alundra Blayze,''' and wrestled in a six-woman tournament to crown a new women's champion. She defeated Allison Royal in the first round, received a bye into the finals, where she pinned [[Heidi Lee Morgan]] to win the title. She became the first born Italian to win the title. She would go on to defend the belt against Morgan, [[Leilani Kai]], [[Debbie Szestecki|Debbie Combs]] and [[Gertrude Vachon|Luna Vachon]]. She also travelled to Japan where she defended the title against [[Kyoko Inoue]], [[Sakie Hasegawa]], and [[Bull Nakano]]. She was defeated by Nakano in a non-title match during the Japan tour. Nakano emerged as part of the WWF roster in the summer of 1994 and the two feuded. Their first encounter on an edition of Monday Night RAW resulted in a double-count out. Blayze defeated Nakano at the Summerslam pay-per-view in August 1994, but would lose the belt to Nakano on November 20, 1994 in Tokyo, during All-Japan Women's wrestling extravaganza called "Big Egg Wrestling Universe." It would be five months before Blayze could regain the title from Nakano on an edition of Monday Night RAW on April 3, 1995.
Immediately following the win, she was attacked by [[Rhonda Singh|Bertha Faye]], who "broke" her nose. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. The story was that she was recovering from her broken nose. In reality, Miceli left to get breast implants and a nose job. Blayze returned to the ring in August 1995, losing the women's title to Bertha Faye at the 1995 Summerslam on August 27, 1995. She bounced back to win the title a third time, defeating Faye on October 23, 1995 in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.
The WWF then imported [[Aja Kong]] from Japan and set up a Blayze/Kong feud. Their first showdown was at the 1995 Survivor Series, where Blayze, along with Kyoko Inoue, Sakie Hasegawa and Chaparita Asari battled Bertha Faye, Aja Kong, Tomoko Watanabe and Lioness Asuka. In the end, Kong pinned Blayze to be the sole survivor.
The following week on RAW, Kong and Watanabe defeated Blayze and Inoue when Kong pinned Inoue. Kong then defeated Chaparita Asari a week later.
But that would be the last women's match in the WWF for sometime and the Blayze/Kong feud never materialised, though it had been advertised by WWF Magazine as one of the matches at the 1996 Royal Rumble. Alundra Blayze disappeared from the WWF.

===Return to WCW===
It turned out that Miceli had not been happy with the Blayze character and began negotiating with her old employer, WCW. The WWF found out and fired her for talking to the competition while still under contract. Miceli quickly signed with WCW and showed up on ''[[WCW Monday Nitro]]'' on [[December 18]], [[1995]]. As a blow to her now former employer, she denounced the Blayze gimmick, threw the WWF Women's Title Belt in a trash can and reclaimed her '''Madusa''' moniker in one of the most memorable moments in the history of both companies. Rather than hold a tournament to crown a new champion, the WWF once again abandoned the women's title. In WCW, Madusa had a brief feud with [[Sherri Martel]] because Sherri supposedly stole [[Robert Fuller|Col. Rob Parker]] from her and even interrupted their wedding vows in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. Martel pinned Madusa in the first ever women's match on WCW Monday Nitro. Their feud ended after that.

With Madusa back in WCW, the company brought in Bull Nakano to feud with her. They battled in a 'Loser gets their bike bashed' match at WCW Hog Wild in the summer of 1996. Madusa won the match and got to bash Nakano's motorcycle. Nakano went back to Japan and retired from wrestling shortly afterwards, leaving Madusa with no one to wrestle. The company decided to establish a [[WCW Women's Championship|women's championship]] and struck a deal with the GAEA Japan organization to bring in women wrestlers. At tournament was held in the fall of 1996. Madusa defeated Reina Jabuki in the first round, and [[Chigusa Nagayo|Zero]] in the semi-final, but she lost to [[Hisako Uno Sasaki|Akira Hokuto]] in the finals of the tournament on [[December 29]], [[1996]] at [[StarrCade]]. Madusa never could win the title. She claimed to have won it in Japan, but records indicated otherwise. On [[June 15]], [[1997]], at the ''[[The Great American Bash|Great American Bash]]'', Miceli lost a retirement match to Hokuto.

===Third WCW stint===

Madusa returned to WCW in [[1999]] as part of [[Randy Poffo|Randy Savage's]] Team Savage with [[Stephanie Bellars|Gorgeous George]] and [[Noreen Greenwald|Miss Madness]]. She was eventually kicked out by Savage due to a dispute in July 1999.

[[Image:Madusa_16.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Madusa attempts to seduce Evan Karagias on WCW Monday Nitro in November 1999.]]

After a three month sabbatical, Madusa made her return to television on the [[October 18]], 1999 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'' when she participated in a [[Professional wrestling match types#Bra and Panties Match|"New York Style" Evening Gown Match]] with [[Noreen Greenwald|Mona]], although she was less than enthusiastic about the idea. Mona came out in a blue evening gown whereas Madusa came out in a "Tommy Sports" dress. While Madusa was distracted as she ranted to the ringside announcers, Mona came from behind and stripped her of her gown, down to her shorts and sports [[brassiere|bra]]. Madusa then grabbed the microphone to complain even more, and told "everyone behind her" to kiss her [[posterior]]. At ''[[Halloween Havoc#1999|WCW Halloween Havoc 1999]]'', Madusa would reluctantly come out in a red [[bikini]] to shill [[cologne]]. An angry Madusa would then dump the contents of the bottle over [[Bobby Heenan]].

Madusa soon aligned herself with [[Evan Karagias]] after he came to her aid after she lost to [[Meng]] in a match on Nitro in [[October 1999]]. The two developed a romantic bond the very next week on Nitro as they let their affections for each other be known in an unusual match. During the match, the two didn't exactly grapple, but rather, they exchanged romantic pleasantries throughout the contest. For starters, Madusa felt up his [[chest]], pinched his backside and batted his [[baseball cap]] off in a playful manner. Evan returned the favor by grappling her into some promiscuous wrestling positions and whispering sweet nothings into her ear - to her liking no less. At one point, a smirking Madusa backed him into a corner and attempted to seduce him by shoving her large breasts in his direction. The match came to conclusion when she smothered him with a large [[kiss]] as she pinned him for a victory. Karagias didn't mind losing the match and he made her his manager. Madusa would help lead him to the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at ''[[WCW Mayhem|WCW Mayhem 1999]]''. Soon after his title win, Madusa became interested in Evan's Cruiserweight Championship belt.

Madusa earned a title shot at ''WCW StarrCade'' on ''Monday Nitro'' when she defeated Mona and Evan Karagias in a three-way match. Then at ''StarrCade'', Madusa defeated Evan to become the first female to win the WCW Cruiserweight Title. Madusa had dumped Evan a week before the bout when she caught him flirting with [[Melissa Bellin|Spice]] backstage. Spice became Evan's new girl and she was in his corner at ''StarrCade''; however, Spice distracted Evan during his match with Madusa at ''StarrCade'' to help Madusa reign victorious. Spice them aligned herself with Madusa and she became her manager. The relationship only lasted about a month as Spice returned to her role as a [[Nitro Girl]] soon after.

[[Image:Madusa_wig.jpg|left|thumb|170px|Madusa wears a wig on WCW Monday Nitro.]]

[[Image:Madusa_bbq.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Oklahoma pours [[BBQ sauce]] on Madusa in January 2000.]]

Though her reign as WCW Cruiserweight champion was short-lived, a few memorable moments took place nonetheless. On the [[January 10]], [[2000]] edition of Nitro, Madusa inexplicably came out wearing a blue [[wig]], not to mention an ill-fitting bikini top. Madusa's bizarre look was akin to a female [[Anime]] character come to life in that female Anime characters have colorful [[hair]], curvaceous [[physique]]s and wear gaudy outfits. On this edition of Nitro, Madusa came out to tend to [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] after she was struck by [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] with a bottle of [[barbecue sauce]] during a match. Oklahoma then struck Madusa from behind with a [[broom]]. And thus her feud with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] started.

Perhaps the most memorable moment of her reign as Cruiserweight champ took place in an evening gown match with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] on an episode of [[WCW Thunder]] on [[January 12]], 2000. Madusa easily defeated Oklahoma by stripping off his dress. After the match, Oklahoma retaliated and struck Madusa with a glass bottle containing barbecue sauce. Oklahoma then disrobed Madusa to reveal her blue [[undergarments]]. What with her large breasts billowing out of a [[push-up bra]], Oklahoma proceeded to pour the BBQ sauce down her mountainous [[cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]]. Oklahoma then kicked Madusa in the back and she fell to the floor outside the ring. She eventually lost the belt to [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] at ''[[Souled Out|WCW Souled Out]]'' in January 16, 2000. During her reign, Madusa would only defend the WCW Cruiserweight Title on television on two other occasions. She defeated [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] on the first edition of [[WCW Thunder]] of 2000. She also defeated a male [[Plant (professional wrestling)|plant]] on the [[January 15]], 2000 edition of [[WCW Saturday Night]]. Madusa would also defeat [[Sherri Martel]] in a non-title match on Thunder.

After her title reign came to a close, Madusa would continue to feud with Oklahoma for a few more weeks. In on-camera interviews, Oklahoma would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] Madusa has legitimately had over the years. On the [[February 7]], 2000 edition of Nitro, Oklahoma brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done [[cosmetic surgery]] on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Oklahoma then said that Madusa had no place in the WCW Women's Division and that there wasn't anything natural about Madusa. Madusa eventually came out and beat up both Oklahoma and Dr. Jeter. The conclusion of Madusa's feud with Oklahoma occurred on the [[February 21]], 2000 edition of Nitro in a match where she was disguised as [[La Parka]] for a match with [[Prince Iaukea|The Artist Formerly Known as Prince Iaukea]]. Because "La Parka" was looking thin - not to mention voluptuous in the chest - Oklahoma could easily tell that this was an imposter.
Oklahoma then ripped off the mask to reveal an embarrassed Madusa. The real La Parka then entered the ring and hit Oklahoma with a chairshot.

WCW didn't have much in the way for Madusa creatively and she only made a few appearances during the rest of the year. She then became an instructor at the [[WCW Power Plant]] to help train the females for wrestling matches. She did that until the foreclosure of the company in [[2001]]. Madusa wrestled exactly one match after she left WCW as she wrestled [[Elizabeth Carolan|Beth Phoenix]] at an [[independent circuit|independent show]] in [[Arizona]] in [[May 2001|May]] of that year. She retired from pro wrestling for good in 2001.

==Cosmetic surgery==

[[Image:365_mad.jpg|right|thumb|130px|Madusa after her second breast augmentation, circa 1999.]]
Madusa has had a number of [[cosmetic surgery]] procedures performed on her [[Human anatomy|body]] over the years. She has gotten [[rhinoplasty]] surgery on at least one occasion. She has gotten a [[Breast implant|breast augmentation]] on at least two occasions. She has also gotten a [[breast reduction]]. Cosmetic surgery has played a tremendous factor in the changes to Madusa's physical appearance over the years. Sometimes it would even carry over into the ring.

Cosmetic surgery was the catalyst to an injury storyline during her time in the WWF. The night after ''[[WrestleMania XI]]'' on [[Monday Night RAW]], the debuting [[Rhonda Singh]] jumped her from behind and brutally attacked her. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. According to the storyline, Rhonda Singh had broken Alundra Blaze's nose and she had to lay at home to recover. The storyline was furthered when ''WWF Magazine'' printed a photo of a bed-ridden Alundra Blayze. In reality, Madusa needed to take some time off to get [[breast implant]]s, not to mention a [[nose job]]. Rhonda Singh recalled, "Madusa was going away, and she was getting new boobs and a new nose. For three months, it was going to be Nakano and I. She was going to drop the belt to me, Madusa was going to come back after a while, we'd add a few more girls and make it a legitimate women's division. Eventually, Madusa and I would battle for the belt and it was undecided from there." [http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBiosS/sing_rhonda_01jan-can.html]

Upon returning to World Championship Wrestling in [[1999]], Madusa's breasts were substantially larger in contrast to any other point in her wrestling career. As it turns out, Madusa had gotten an even larger set of breast implants prior to her return to WCW. In an interview ''WCW Magazine'' conducted with her in the summer of 1999, Madusa revealed that her reasoning behind the implants was that they gave her a bit more confidence in herself. "I got those for me," Madusa said. "I wanted to embellish my own beauty, to give myself a little more confidence. When I got them, I was 5-10, 150 pounds and really, I had nothing. I looked silly. So I got them and I think they look good." Madusa would eventually reveal her [[Bra_size#Bra_sizes|bra size]] to be a D cup. Alarmingly, that was her natural (and current) size after she got a [[breast reduction]] a few years later. [http://www.madusa.com/commerce/askme/askme.asp?page=86&cmdMove=jmp]

[[Image:Up_132603280_madusa.jpg|left|thumb|130px|Madusa in her natural state, circa 2005.]]

Madusa's cosmetic surgery would factor into wrestling storylines on a second occasion while she was in WCW. In this case, attention was directed to the amount of plastic surgery that Madusa has legitimately had over the years as a vehicle to demean her. In on-camera interviews, a character by the name of [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] that Madusa has had over the years. It eventually lead to a [[catchphrase]] as Oklahoma would often say, "There ain't nothing natural about Madusa!" Madusa's cosmetic surgery was a central angle on one show in particular. On the February 7, 2000 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'', Oklahoma brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done cosmetic surgery on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Madusa eventually came out and beat up both Oklahoma and Dr. Jeter. Ironically, Madusa came out in a revealing bikini top in which her large, pendulous breasts were flailing around uncontrollably as she scurried down the entrance way. After she took care of business in the ring, a fan in the front row reached his hand out in an ill-fated attempt to touch her indiscreetly visible breasts while she was leaving the ringside area. However, Madusa was aware of her surroundings and she proceeded to smack the fan's hand away before he could touch her [[Cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]]. Madusa was legitimately [[angered]] from this person's attempt at [[sexual harassment]]. She proceeded to yell a few [[expletive]]s and give the fan in question the [[The finger|middle finger]] gesture as she was walking away.

After the demise of WCW in [[2001]], several people that saw her in person at various [[USHRA]] [[Monster truck]] events noted that her breasts were significantly smaller in contrast to her final WCW stint. When questioned about it on her official [[website]], Madusa revealed that she had indeed gotten a [[breast reduction]]. The main factor that lead to her [[breast reduction]] was that her breasts were much too large, pendulous, and annoying to her physical well-being. Due in part to the extremely pendulous nature of her breasts - as evident by their motions during her ring entrances in her final WCW stint - her breasts had a tendency to easily jerk around whenever she would [[walk]], much less [[run]], and thus she stated that she couldn't run long distances as it would bring much physical pain to her. Also, seeing how she was retired from professional wrestling, Madusa felt as though that the implants were no longer necessary for her new line of work as a Monster truck driver where it wasn't necessary for her to display her body in a sexual manner. She had them removed in either [[2001]] or [[2002]]. Madusa has stated numerous times on her official website that she regretted getting breast implants in the first place.

==Personal life==
*Miceli posed nude for ''[[Playboy (magazine)|Playboy]]'' in 1987 but never signed the release for the pictures to be published. The reason the release was never signed was due to the fact that she was scheduled to begin work in Japan. Since Japanese promotions had very strict rules governing conduct for female wrestlers at the time, Miceli opted not to have the pictures published.

*Madusa was married to Eddie Gilbert in the early 1990s. After their divorce she married former [[National Football League|NFL]] player Ken Blackman in the late [[1990s]] and into the turn of the [[millennium]]. Things just didn't work out between them and they decided to go their separate ways.

*She has homes in both [[Virginia]] and [[Florida]].

*Madusa drove a monster truck of the same name for [[Live Nation]] in their Monster Jam series, but was recently released over contract issues. On May 12, 2006 she announced that she had signed up to drive a Madusa truck for Team Bigfoot, beginning later in 2006. She currently runs a pet grooming service.

==Trivia==
* [[Dusty Rhodes]] referred to Miceli as "[[Methuselah]]".
* Madusa is one of the first monster trucks named after its driver.
* Due to her martial arts background, Madusa preferred to wrestle [[barefoot]], a la [[Kevin Von Erich]].

==In wrestling==
===Finishing and Signature Moves===
'''*[[Suplex#German suplex|Bridging German Suplex]]'''
*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Spinning heel-kick|Spinning Heel Kick]]
*[[Suplex#Snap suplex|Snap Suplex]]
*Standing Hurricanrana
*Piledriver
*Victory Roll
*Swinging Hair Takedown
*Sunset Flip

===Managers===
*[[Melissa Bellin|Spice]]

==Wrestlers managed==
*[[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]]

===Championships and accomplishments===
*3-Time [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[AWA Women's Championship|AWA Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[WCW Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Champion]]
*2-Time IWA (Japan) Women's Champion
*Miceli won the [[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] Rookie of the Year Award in 1988.
*[[USHRA]] [[Monster Jam World Finals]] Racing champion (2005)
*USHRA Monster Jam World Finals [[Freestyle (monster trucks)|Freestyle]] co-champion (2004)

==Championship succession==
{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before= '''Vacant''' |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= First reign |
after= [[Bull Nakano]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bull Nakano]]|
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Second reign |
after= [[Bertha Faye]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bertha Faye]] |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Third reign |
after= '''Vacant'''
}}
{{end box}}

==References==
*[http://www.madusa.com Madusa.com]
*[http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/profiles/m/madusa.html Madusa at Obsessed With Wrestling.com]
*[http://www.monster-style.com/headline.php?id=13 Madusa released from Live Nation]
*[http://norcalmonsters.com/ Madusa announces Bigfoot contract]

==External links==
*[http://www.madusa.com Official Website]

[[Category:AWA alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:WWE Alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:World Championship Wrestling alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Female professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Italian professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:1963 births|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Adult models|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Living people|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster trucks|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster truck drivers|Miceli, Debra]]

[[ja:デブラ・ミセリー]]

Debrah Ann Miceli

2006-08-03T22:12:30Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 69.138.174.91 (talk) to last version by Calaschysm

:''This article is about the professional wrestler and monster truck driver. It is not to be confused with the ancient Greek mythologocal character spelled [[Medusa]].''

{{Infobox Wrestler
|name=Debra Ann Miceli
|image=Madusa_2006.jpg
|names=Alundra Blayze, Madusa, Madusa Miceli
|height=5 ft 10 in
|weight=136 lb
|birth_date =[[February 9]], [[1963]]
|death_date =
|birth_place =[[Milan]], Italy
|resides=[[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
|billed=
|trainer=[[Eddie Sharkey]]
|debut=
|retired=
|}}

'''Debra Ann Miceli''' (born [[February 6]], [[1963]] in [[Milan]]) better known as '''Madusa''' (MADe in USA) or '''Alundra Blayze''', is a former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] for [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]]. She has also recently driven the [[Madusa (truck)|Madusa]] [[monster truck]] for [[Clear Channel Communications]] on [[Monster Jam]], and will drive a truck of the same name for [[Bigfoot (truck)|Team Bigfoot]] beginning in 2007.

==Wrestling career==
===AWA===
Miceli started wrestling in [[1987]] in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] as '''Madusa Miceli''', a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] women's wrestler and manager to [[Kevin Wacholz|Kevin Kelly]], Nick Kiniski, and AWA World Champion [[Curt Hennig]].

She won the AWA Women's Title in a tournament final over [[Candi Devine]] on [[December 27]], 1987. She [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuded]] with Devine and then [[Wendy Savinovich|Wendi Richter]] for the belt and lost it to Richter on [[November 26]], [[1988]]. She then left for IWA in [[Japan]], where she won the Women's Title twice and learned the Japanese wrestling style. She was the first woman to be awarded Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Rookie of The Year Award.

===WCW===
She then went to WCW in late [[1991]]. She briefly fueded with Bambi, [[Judy Martin]] and [[Jeannie Clark|Lady Blossom]]. She then went on to help [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] form his [[Dangerous Alliance]] of [[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]], [[Arn Anderson]], [[Bobby Eaton]], [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|"Stunning" Steve Austin]] and [[Larry Zbyszko]]. She often interfered in their matches and most often accompanied Rude to the ring. At [[Beach Blast]] on [[June 20]], [[1992]], she lost a [[bikini contest]] to [[Missy Hyatt]]. In October, Dangerously kicked her out of the Dangerous Alliance and she got revenge when she defeated him (by countout after he ran from her) in a match on [[November 18]], [[1992]] at the ''[[Clash of Champions|Clash of the Champions]]''. It was during this time that she was briefly married to wrestler [[Eddie Gilbert]].

===WWF===
In [[1993]], the WWF re-instated its [[WWF Women's Championship|Women's Championship]], a title that had been vacant since 1990, and Micelli signed on to be the star of the new women's division. She debuted as '''Alundra Blayze,''' and wrestled in a six-woman tournament to crown a new women's champion. She defeated Allison Royal in the first round, received a bye into the finals, where she pinned [[Heidi Lee Morgan]] to win the title. She became the first born Italian to win the title. She would go on to defend the belt against Morgan, [[Leilani Kai]], [[Debbie Szestecki|Debbie Combs]] and [[Gertrude Vachon|Luna Vachon]]. She also travelled to Japan where she defended the title against [[Kyoko Inoue]], [[Sakie Hasegawa]], and [[Bull Nakano]]. She was defeated by Nakano in a non-title match during the Japan tour. Nakano emerged as part of the WWF roster in the summer of 1994 and the two feuded. Their first encounter on an edition of Monday Night RAW resulted in a double-count out. Blayze defeated Nakano at the Summerslam pay-per-view in August 1994, but would lose the belt to Nakano on November 20, 1994 in Tokyo, during All-Japan Women's wrestling extravaganza called "Big Egg Wrestling Universe." It would be five months before Blayze could regain the title from Nakano on an edition of Monday Night RAW on April 3, 1995.
Immediately following the win, she was attacked by [[Rhonda Singh|Bertha Faye]], who "broke" her nose. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. The story was that she was recovering from her broken nose. In reality, Miceli left to get breast implants and a nose job. Blayze returned to the ring in August 1995, losing the women's title to Bertha Faye at the 1995 Summerslam on August 27, 1995. She bounced back to win the title a third time, defeating Faye on October 23, 1995 in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.
The WWF then imported [[Aja Kong]] from Japan and set up a Blayze/Kong feud. Their first showdown was at the 1995 Survivor Series, where Blayze, along with Kyoko Inoue, Sakie Hasegawa and Chaparita Asari battled Bertha Faye, Aja Kong, Tomoko Watanabe and Lioness Asuka. In the end, Kong pinned Blayze to be the sole survivor.
The following week on RAW, Kong and Watanabe defeated Blayze and Inoue when Kong pinned Inoue. Kong then defeated Chaparita Asari a week later.
But that would be the last women's match in the WWF for sometime and the Blayze/Kong feud never materialised, though it had been advertised by WWF Magazine as one of the matches at the 1996 Royal Rumble. Alundra Blayze disappeared from the WWF.

===Return to WCW===
It turned out that Miceli had not been happy with the Blayze character and began negotiating with her old employer, WCW. The WWF found out and fired her for talking to the competition while still under contract. Miceli quickly signed with WCW and showed up on ''[[WCW Monday Nitro]]'' on [[December 18]], [[1995]]. As a blow to her now former employer, she denounced the Blayze gimmick, threw the WWF Women's Title Belt in a trash can and reclaimed her '''Madusa''' moniker in one of the most memorable moments in the history of both companies. Rather than hold a tournament to crown a new champion, the WWF once again abandoned the women's title. In WCW, Madusa had a brief feud with [[Sherri Martel]] because Sherri supposedly stole [[Robert Fuller|Col. Rob Parker]] from her and even interrupted their wedding vows in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. Martel pinned Madusa in the first ever women's match on WCW Monday Nitro. Their feud ended after that.

With Madusa back in WCW, the company brought in Bull Nakano to feud with her. They battled in a 'Loser gets their bike bashed' match at WCW Hog Wild in the summer of 1996. Madusa won the match and got to bash Nakano's motorcycle. Nakano went back to Japan and retired from wrestling shortly afterwards, leaving Madusa with no one to wrestle. The company decided to establish a [[WCW Women's Championship|women's championship]] and struck a deal with the GAEA Japan organization to bring in women wrestlers. At tournament was held in the fall of 1996. Madusa defeated Reina Jabuki in the first round, and [[Chigusa Nagayo|Zero]] in the semi-final, but she lost to [[Hisako Uno Sasaki|Akira Hokuto]] in the finals of the tournament on [[December 29]], [[1996]] at [[StarrCade]]. Madusa never could win the title. She claimed to have won it in Japan, but records indicated otherwise. On [[June 15]], [[1997]], at the ''[[The Great American Bash|Great American Bash]]'', Miceli lost a retirement match to Hokuto.

===Third WCW stint===

Madusa returned to WCW in [[1999]] as part of [[Randy Poffo|Randy Savage's]] Team Savage with [[Stephanie Bellars|Gorgeous George]] and [[Noreen Greenwald|Miss Madness]]. She was eventually kicked out by Savage due to a dispute in July 1999.

[[Image:Madusa_16.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Madusa wrestling Evan Karagias on an episode of WCW Monday Nitro In November 1999.]]

After a three month sabbatical, Madusa made her return to television on the [[October 18]], 1999 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'' when she participated in a [[Professional_wrestling_match_types#Bra_and_Panties_Match|"New York Style" Evening Gown Match]] with [[Noreen Greenwald|Mona]], although she was less than enthusiastic about the idea. Mona came out in a blue evening gown whereas Madusa came out in a "Tommy Sports" dress. While Madusa was distracted as she ranted to the ringside announcers, Mona came from behind and stripped her of her gown, down to her shorts and sports [[brassiere|bra]]. Madusa then grabbed the microphone to complain even more, and told "everyone behind her" to kiss her [[posterior]]. At ''[[Halloween_Havoc#1999|WCW Halloween Havoc 1999]]'', Madusa would reluctantly come out in a red [[bikini]] to shill [[cologne]]. An angry Madusa would then dump the contents of the bottle over [[Bobby Heenan]].

Madusa soon aligned with [[Evan Karagias]] after he came to her aid after she lost to Meng in a match on Nitro in October 1999. They started a fling of sorts in November of that year, and she helped lead him to the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at ''[[WCW Mayhem|WCW Mayhem 1999]]''. Meanwhile, Madusa was interested in Evan's Cruiserweight Championship belt herself. Madusa earned a title shot at ''WCW StarrCade'' on ''Monday Nitro'' when she defeated Mona and Evan Karagias in a three-way match. Then at ''StarrCade'', Madusa defeated Evan to become the first female to win the WCW Cruiserweight Title.

Madusa had dumped Evan a week before the bout when she caught him flirting with [[Melissa Bellin|Spice]] backstage. Spice became Evan's new girl and she was in his corner at ''StarrCade''; however, Spice distracted Evan during his match with Madusa at ''StarrCade'' to help Madusa reign victorious. Spice them aligned with Madusa and became her manager, although the relationship only lasted about a month as Spice returned her role as a [[Nitro Girl]].

Though her reign as WCW Cruiserweight champion was short-lived, a few memorable moments took place nonetheless. On the [[January 10]], [[2000]] edition of Nitro, Madusa inexplicably came out wearing a blue [[wig]], not to mention a bikini top. Madusa's bizarre look was akin to a female [[Anime]] character come to life in that female Anime characters have colorful [[hair]], curvaceous [[physique|physiques]] and wear gaudy outfits. On this edition of Nitro, Madusa came out to tend to [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] after she was struck by [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] with a bottle of [[barbecue sauce]] during a match. Oklahoma then struck Madusa from behind with a [[broom]]. And thus her feud with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] started. Perhaps the most memorable moment of her reign as Cruiserweight champ took place in an evening gown match with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] on an episode of [[WCW Thunder]] on [[January 12]], 2000. Madusa easily defeated Oklahoma by stripping off his dress. After the match, Oklahoma retaliated and struck Madusa with a glass bottle containing barbecue sauce. Oklahoma then disrobed Madusa to reveal her blue [[undergarments]]. What with her large breasts billowing out of a [[push-up bra]], Oklahoma proceeded to pour the BBQ sauce down her mountainous [[cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]]. Oklahoma then kicked Madusa in the back and she fell to the floor outside the ring. She eventually lost the belt to [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] at ''[[Souled Out|WCW Souled Out]]'' in January 16, 2000. During her reign, Madusa would only defend the WCW Cruiserweight Title on television on two other occasions. She defeated [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] on the first edition of [[WCW Thunder]] of 2000. She also defeated a male [[Plant (professional wrestling)|plant]] on the [[January 15]], 2000 edition of [[WCW Saturday Night]]. Madusa would also defeat [[Sherri Martel]] in a non-title match on Thunder.

After her title reign came to a close, Madusa would continue to feud with Oklahoma for a few more weeks. In on-camera interviews, Oklahoma would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] Madusa has legitimately had over the years. On the [[February 7]], 2000 edition of Nitro, Oklahoma brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done [[cosmetic surgery]] on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Oklahoma then said that Madusa had no place in the WCW Women's Division and that there wasn't anything natural about Madusa. Madusa eventually came out and beat up both Oklahoma and Dr. Jeter. The conclusion of Madusa's feud with Oklahoma occured on the [[February 21]], 2000 edition of Nitro in a match where she was disguised as [[La Parka]] for a match with [[Prince_Iaukea|The Artist Formerly Known as Prince Iaukea]]. Because "La Parka" was looking thin - not to mention voluptuous in the chest - Oklahoma could easily tell that this was an imposter.
Oklahoma then ripped off the mask to reveal an embarrassed Madusa. The real La Parka then entered the ring and hit Oklahoma with a chairshot.

WCW didn't have much in the way for Madusa creatively and she only made a few appearances during the rest of the year. She then became an instructor at the [[WCW Power Plant]] to help train the females for wrestling matches. She did that until the foreclosure of the company in [[2001]]. Madusa wrestled exactly one match after she left WCW as she wrestled [[Elizabeth Carolan|Beth Phoenix]] at an [[independent circuit|independent show]] in [[Arizona]] in [[May 2001|May]] of that year. She retired from pro wrestling for good in 2001.

==Cosmetic surgery==

[[Image:365_mad.jpg|right|thumb|130px|Madusa after her second breast augmentation, circa 1999.]]
Madusa has had a number of [[cosmetic surgery|cosmetic surgery]] procedures performed on her [[Human anatomy|body]] over the years. She has gotten [[rhinoplasty|rhinoplasty]] surgery on at least one occasion. She has gotten a [[Breast implant|breast augmentation]] on at least two occasions. She has also gotten a [[breast reduction]]. Cosmetic surgery has played a tremendous factor in the changes to Madusa's physical appearance over the years. Sometimes it would even carry over into the ring.

Cosmetic surgery was the catalyst to an injury storyline during her time in the WWF. The night after ''[[WrestleMania XI]]'' on [[Monday Night RAW]], the debuting [[Rhonda Singh]] jumped her from behind and brutally attacked her. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. According to the storyline, Rhonda Singh had broken Alundra Blaze's nose and she had to lay at home to recover. The storyline was furthered when ''WWF Magazine'' printed a photo of a bed-ridden Alundra Blayze. In reality, Madusa needed to take some time off to get [[Breast implant|breast implants]], not to mention a [[nose job]]. Rhonda Singh recalled, "Madusa was going away, and she was getting new boobs and a new nose. For three months, it was going to be Nakano and I. She was going to drop the belt to me, Madusa was going to come back after a while, we'd add a few more girls and make it a legitimate women's division. Eventually, Madusa and I would battle for the belt and it was undecided from there." [http://slam.canoe.ca/SlamWrestlingBiosS/sing_rhonda_01jan-can.html]

Upon returning to World Championship Wrestling in [[1999]], Madusa's breasts were substantially larger in contrast to any other point in her wrestling career. As it turns out, Madusa had gotten an even larger set of breast implants prior to her return to WCW. In an interview ''WCW Magazine'' conducted with her in the summer of 1999, Madusa revealed that her reasoning behind the implants was that they gave her a bit more confidence in herself. "I got those for me," Madusa said. "I wanted to embellish my own beauty, to give myself a little more confidence. When I got them, I was 5-10, 150 pounds and really, I had nothing. I looked silly. So I got them and I think they look good."

[[Image:Up_132603280_madusa.jpg|left|thumb|130px|Madusa in her natural state, circa 2005.]]

Madusa's cosmetic surgery would factor into wrestling storylines on a second occasion while she was in WCW. In this case, attention was directed to the amount of plastic surgery that Madusa has legitimately had over the years as a vehicle to demean her. In on-camera interviews, a character by the name of [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] that Madusa has had over the years. It eventually lead to a [[catchphrase]] as Oklahoma would often say, "There ain't nothing natural about Madusa!" Madusa's cosmetic surgery was a central angle on one show in particular. On the February 7, 2000 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'', Oklahoma brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done cosmetic surgery on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Madusa eventually came out and beat up both Oklahoma and Dr. Jeter. Ironically, Madusa came out in an ill-fitting bikini top in which a tremendous amount of [[cleavage]] was visible. Also, due to the long entranceway, Madusa was forced to scurry down to the ring and thus her large, pendulous breasts were flailing around uncontrollably while she made her entrance. After she took care of business in the ring, a fan in the front row reached his hand out in an ill-fated attempt to touch her indiscreetly visible breasts while she was leaving the ringside area. However, Madusa was aware of her surroundings and she proceeded to smack the fan's hand away before he could touch her large chest. Madusa was legitimately [[angered]] from this person's attempt at [[sexual harrassment]]. She proceeded to yell a few [[expletive|expletives]] and give the fan in question the [[The_finger|middle finger]] gesture as she was walking away.

After the demise of WCW in [[2001]], several people that saw her in person at various [[USHRA|USHRA]] [[Monster truck|Monster truck]] events noted that her breasts were significantly smaller in contrast to her final WCW stint. When questioned about it on her official [[website]], Madusa revealed that she had indeed gotten a [[breast reduction]]. The main factor that lead to her [[Breast reduction|breast reduction]] was that her breasts were much too large, pendulous, and annoying to her physical well-being. Due in part to the extremely pendulous nature of her breasts - as evident by their motions during her ring entrances in her final WCW stint - her breasts had a tendency to easily jerk around whenever she would [[walk]], much less [[run]], and thus she stated that she couldn't run long distances as it would bring much physical pain to her. Also, seeing how she was retired from professional wrestling, Madusa felt as though that the implants were no longer necessary for her new line of work as a Monster truck driver where it wasn't necessary for her to display her body in a sexual manner. She had them removed in either [[2001]] or [[2002]]. Madusa has stated numerous times on her official website that she regretted getting breast implants in the first place.

In spite of her breast reduction, Madusa's chest is still quite ample as she revealed her bra size to be a D cup on her official website in 2003. [http://www.madusa.com/commerce/askme/askme.asp?page=86&cmdMove=jmp]

==Personal life==
*Miceli posed nude for ''[[Playboy (magazine)|Playboy]]'' in 1987 but never signed the release for the pictures to be published. The reason the release was never signed was due to the fact that she was scheduled to begin work in Japan. Since Japanese promotions had very strict rules governing conduct for female wrestlers at the time, Miceli opted not to have the pictures published.

*Madusa was married to Eddie Gilbert in the early 1990s. After their divorce she married former [[National Football League|NFL]] player Ken Blackman in the late [[1990s]] and into the turn of the [[millennium]]. Things just didn't work out between them and they decided to go their separate ways.

*She has homes in both [[Virginia]] and [[Florida]].

*Madusa drove a monster truck of the same name for [[Live Nation]] in their Monster Jam series, but was recently released over contract issues. On May 12, 2006 she announced that she had signed up to drive a Madusa truck for Team Bigfoot, beginning later in 2006. She currently runs a pet grooming service.

==Trivia==
* [[Dusty Rhodes]] referred to Miceli as "[[Methuselah]]".
* Madusa is one of the first monster trucks named after its driver.
* Due to her martial arts background, Madusa preferred to wrestle [[barefoot]], a la [[Kevin Von Erich]].

==In wrestling==
===Finishing and Signature Moves===
'''*[[Suplex#German suplex|Bridging German Suplex]]'''
*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Spinning heel-kick|Spinning Heel Kick]]
*[[Suplex#Snap suplex|Snap Suplex]]
*Standing Hurricanrana
*Piledriver
*Victory Roll
*Swinging Hair Takedown
*Sunset Flip

===Managers===
*[[Melissa Bellin|Spice]]

==Wrestlers managed==
*[[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]]

===Championships and accomplishments===
*3-Time [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[AWA Women's Championship|AWA Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[WCW Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Champion]]
*2-Time IWA (Japan) Women's Champion
*Miceli won the [[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] Rookie of the Year Award in 1988.
*[[USHRA]] [[Monster Jam World Finals]] Racing champion (2005)
*USHRA Monster Jam World Finals [[Freestyle (monster trucks)|Freestyle]] co-champion (2004)

==Championship succession==
{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before= '''Vacant''' |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= First reign |
after= [[Bull Nakano]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bull Nakano]]|
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Second reign |
after= [[Bertha Faye]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bertha Faye]] |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Third reign |
after= '''Vacant'''
}}
{{end box}}

==References==
*[http://www.madusa.com Madusa.com]
*[http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/profiles/m/madusa.html Madusa at Obsessed With Wrestling.com]
*[http://www.monster-style.com/headline.php?id=13 Madusa released from Live Nation]
*[http://norcalmonsters.com/ Madusa announces Bigfoot contract]

==External links==
*[http://www.madusa.com Official Website]

[[Category:AWA alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Female professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Italian professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:1963 births|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Adult models|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Living people|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster trucks|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster truck drivers|Miceli, Debra]]

[[ja:デブラ・ミセリー]]

Liste der Länder ohne Militär

2006-07-31T17:50:50Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by Treller (talk) to last version by Misterstark

This is a '''list of the 27 countries''' that do not maintain any [[armed forces]]. The term "country" is used in the sense of independent state; thus, it applies only to [[sovereignty|sovereign]] [[state]]s and not [[List of dependent territories|dependencies]] whose defence is the responsibility of another country, or an army alternative. 

{| class="wikitable"
! Country
! Comments
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Andorra}}
| Defence of the country is the responsibility of [[France]] or [[Spain]]. Similar treaties with both, [[June 3]], [[1993]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Cook Islands}}
| Defence is provided by [[New Zealand]], in consultation with the Cook Islands' government.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Costa Rica}}
| The constitution forbids a standing military in times of peace since 1949. Seat of the [[Inter-American Court of Human Rights]]. Seat of the [[United Nations University of Peace]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Dominica}}
| [[Military of Dominica|No standing army]] since 1981, after the army attempted a coup. Defence is the responsibility of the [[United States]].


|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Grenada}}
| [[Military of Grenada|No standing army]] since 1983, after the [[Invasion of Grenada|American-led invasion]]. Defence is the responsibility of the [[United States]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Haiti}}
| [[Military of Haiti|Disbanded on June, 1995]], but rebels have demanded its re-establishment. The National Police maintains some military units.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Iceland}}
| [[Military of Iceland|No standing army]], but is a member of [[NATO]]. There is a defence agreement with the U.S., which will maintain, along with other NATO countries, a base in the country until September 2006. Maintains an [[Icelandic_Crisis_Response_Unit|expeditionary peacekeeping force]], [[Icelandic Coast Guard|Coast Guard]] and an [[Víkingasveitin|Armed Police unit]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Kiribati}}
| The [[Military of Kiribati|only forces permitted]] are the police and the coast guard.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Liechtenstein}}
| Abolished [[Military of Liechtenstein|their army]] in 1868 because it was too costly. Depends on Switzerland for defence. Army does not exist in times of peace.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Maldives}}
| [[Military of Maldives|Has no army since its independence on 1965]]. Was invaded by mercenaries in 1988, and rescued by [[India]]. No known permanent defence treaty.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Marshall Islands}}
| [[Military of the Marshall Islands|Defence]] is the responsibility of the [[United States]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Mauritius}}
| A multicultural country [[Military of Mauritius|without an army since 1968]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Micronesia}}
| [[Military of the Federated States of Micronesia|Defence]] is the responsibility of the United States.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Monaco}}
| Renounced its military investment in the 17th century because the expansion of ranges of artillery had rendered it defenceless. [[Military of Monaco|Defence]] is the responsibility of France.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Nauru}}
| Under an informal agreement, [[Military of Nauru|defence]] is the responsibility of Australia.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Niue}}
| Defence is provided by New Zealand.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Palau}}
| The only country with an anti-nuclear constitution. [[Military of Palau|Defence]] is the responsibility of the United States.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Panama}}
| [[Military of Panama|Abolished their army]] in 1990, confirmed by a parliamentary unanimous vote for constitutional change in 1994. Some units within the Public Force (Police, Coast Guard, Air Service and Institutional Security) have limited warfare capabilities.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|San Marino}}
| Maintains [[Military of San Marino|a ceremonial guard, a police and a border force]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Solomon Islands}}
| Has known a heavy ethnic conflict between 1998 and 2006, in which [[Australia]] and other Pacific countries finally intervened to restore peace and order. [[Military of Solomon Islands|No standing army]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Saint Kitts and Nevis}}
| Maintains a [[Military of Saint Kitts and Nevis|small defence force]] for internal purposes.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Saint Lucia}}
| Maintains a [[Military of Saint Lucia|special service unit]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Saint Vincent and the Grenadines}}
| Maintains a [[Military of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines|special service unit]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Samoa}}
| [[Military of Samoa|No standing army]]. Defence is the responsibility of [[New Zealand]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Tuvalu}}
| [[Military of Tuvalu|Has no army]], but its police force includes a Maritime Surveillance Unit.
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Vanuatu}}
| Has a [[Military of Vanuatu|small mobile military force]].
|-
| {{country|flagcountry|Vatican City}}
| The largely ceremonial [[Swiss Guard]] acts as a [[security police]] force.
|}
[[Image:No army countries.PNG|thumb|Countries without an army (click to enlarge)]]
Marshall Islands, Micronesia, Monaco and Palau have no say in defence matters and little say in international relations. Andorra can call for help. Iceland has a defence agreement with the USA. The Cook Islands and Niue both have a basic agreement with New Zealand that it should be responsible for their defence. All the others (19 countries) stand fully responsible and independent, without an army, for defence matters.

Seven of them (Costa Rica, Dominica, Grenada, Haiti, Liechtenstein, Monaco and Panama) went through a process of demilitarisation. All the 20 others, including Andorra 700 years ago, were born without an army, mostly because they were (some still are) under protection from a more powerful nation by the time they became independent. They are all said to be in a situation of "non-militarisation".

==See also==
*[[List of countries by military expenditures]]
*[[List of countries by number of active troops]]
*[[List of countries by size of armed forces]]

==Reference==
*C. Barbey, "La non-militarisation et les pays sans armée : une réalité", APRED, Switzerland, 2001. [http://www.demilitarisation.org APRED]

[[Category:Lists of military units|Army, Countries without an]]
[[Category:Military by country| ]]
[[Category:Armies| Countries without an army]]
[[Category:Lists of countries|Military, countries without an army]]

[[lv:Valstu bez bruņotajiem spēkiem uzskaitījums]]
[[nl:Lijst van landen zonder leger]]
[[ja:軍隊を保有していない国家の一覧]]
[[sl:Seznam držav brez oboroženih sil]]

Debrah Ann Miceli

2006-07-28T01:36:18Z

Wikibofh: rv...actual, MOS says you don't cap the second word

:''This article is about the professional wrestler and monster truck driver. It is not to be confused with the ancient Greek mythologocal character spelled [[Medusa]].''

{{Infobox Wrestler
|name=Debra Ann Miceli
|image=Madusa_2006.jpg
|names=Alundra Blayze, Madusa, Madusa Miceli
|height=5 ft 10 in
|weight=136 lb
|birth_date =[[February 9]], [[1963]]
|death_date =
|birth_place =[[Milan]], Italy
|resides=[[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
|billed=
|trainer=[[Eddie Sharkey]]
|debut=
|retired=
|}}

'''Debra Ann Miceli''' (born [[February 6]], [[1963]] in [[Milan]]) better known as '''Madusa''' (MADe in USA) or '''Alundra Blayze''', is a former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] for [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]]. She has also recently driven the [[Madusa (truck)|Madusa]] [[monster truck]] for [[Clear Channel Communications]] on [[Monster Jam]], and will drive a truck of the same name for [[Bigfoot (truck)|Team Bigfoot]] beginning in 2007.

==Wrestling career==
===AWA===
Miceli started wrestling in [[1987]] in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] as '''Madusa Miceli''', a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] women's wrestler and manager to [[Kevin Wacholz|Kevin Kelly]], Nick Kiniski, and AWA World Champion [[Curt Hennig]].

She won the AWA Women's Title in a tournament final over [[Candi Devine]] on [[December 27]], 1987. She [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuded]] with Devine and then [[Wendy Savinovich|Wendi Richter]] for the belt and lost it to Richter on [[November 26]], [[1988]]. She then left for IWA in [[Japan]], where she won the Women's Title twice and learned the Japanese wrestling style. She was the first woman to be awarded Pro Wrestling Illustrated's Rookie of The Year Award.

===WCW===
She then went to WCW in late [[1991]]. She briefly fueded with Bambi, [[Judy Martin]] and [[Jeannie Clark|Lady Blossom]]. She then went on to help [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] form his [[Dangerous Alliance]] of [[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]], [[Arn Anderson]], [[Bobby Eaton]], [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|"Stunning" Steve Austin]] and [[Larry Zbyszko]]. She often interfered in their matches and most often accompanied Rude to the ring. At [[Beach Blast]] on [[June 20]], [[1992]], she lost a [[bikini contest]] to [[Missy Hyatt]]. In October, Dangerously kicked her out of the Dangerous Alliance and she got revenge when she defeated him (by countout after he ran from her) in a match on [[November 18]], [[1992]] at the ''[[Clash of Champions|Clash of the Champions]]''. It was during this time that she was briefly married to wrestler [[Eddie Gilbert]].

===WWF===
In [[1993]], the WWF re-instated its [[WWF Women's Championship|Women's Championship]], a title that had been vacant since 1990, and Micelli signed on to be the star of the new women's division. She debuted as '''Alundra Blayze,''' and wrestled in a six-woman tournament to crown a new women's champion. She defeated Allison Royal in the first round, received a bye into the finals, where she pinned [[Heidi Lee Morgan]] to win the title. She became the first born Italian to win the title. She would go on to defend the belt against Morgan, [[Leilani Kai]], [[Debbie Szestecki|Debbie Combs]] and [[Gertrude Vachon|Luna Vachon]]. She also travelled to Japan where she defended the title against [[Kyoko Inoue]], [[Sakie Hasegawa]], and [[Bull Nakano]]. She was defeated by Nakano in a non-title match during the Japan tour. Nakano emerged as part of the WWF roster in the summer of 1994 and the two feuded. Their first encounter on an edition of Monday Night RAW resulted in a double-count out. Blayze defeated Nakano at the Summerslam pay-per-view in August 1994, but would lose the belt to Nakano on November 20, 1994 in Tokyo, during All-Japan Women's wrestling extravaganza called "Big Egg Wrestling Universe." It would be five months before Blayze could regain the title from Nakano on an edition of Monday Night RAW on April 3, 1995.
Immediately following the win, she was attacked by [[Rhonda Singh|Bertha Faye]], who "broke" her nose. Alundra Blayze was out of action for five months. The story was that she was recovering from her broken nose. In reality, Miceli left to get breast implants and a nose job. Blayze returned to the ring in August 1995, losing the women's title to Bertha Faye at the 1995 Summerslam on August 27, 1995. She bounced back to win the title a third time, defeating Faye on October 23, 1995 in Brandon, Manitoba, Canada.
The WWF then imported [[Aja Kong]] from Japan and set up a Blayze/Kong feud. Their first showdown was at the 1995 Survivor Series, where Blayze, along with Kyoko Inoue, Sakie Hasegawa and Chaparita Asari battled Bertha Faye, Aja Kong, Tomoko Watanabe and Lioness Asuka. In the end, Kong pinned Blayze to be the sole survivor.
The following week on RAW, Kong and Watanabe defeated Blayze and Inoue when Kong pinned Inoue. Kong then defeated Chaparita Asari a week later.
But that would be the last women's match in the WWF for sometime and the Blayze/Kong feud never materialised, though it had been advertised by WWF Magazine as one of the matches at the 1996 Royal Rumble. Alundra Blayze disappeared from the WWF.

===Return to WCW===
It turned out that Miceli had not been happy with the Blayze character and began negotiating with her old employer, WCW. The WWF found out and fired her for talking to the competition while still under contract. Miceli quickly signed with WCW and showed up on ''[[WCW Monday Nitro]]'' on [[December 18]], [[1995]]. As a blow to her now former employer, she denounced the Blayze gimmick, threw the WWF Women's Title Belt in a trash can and reclaimed her '''Madusa''' moniker in one of the most memorable moments in the history of both companies. Rather than hold a tournament to crown a new champion, the WWF once again abandoned the women's title. In WCW, Madusa had a brief feud with [[Sherri Martel]] because Sherri supposedly stole [[Robert Fuller|Col. Rob Parker]] from her and even interrupted their wedding vows in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. Martel pinned Madusa in the first ever women's match on WCW Monday Nitro. Their feud ended after that.

With Madusa back in WCW, the company brought in Bull Nakano to feud with her. They battled in a 'Loser gets their bike bashed' match at WCW Hog Wild in the summer of 1996. Madusa won the match and got to bash Nakano's motorcycle. Nakano went back to Japan and retired from wrestling shortly afterwards, leaving Madusa with no one to wrestle. The company decided to establish a [[WCW Women's Championship|women's championship]] and struck a deal with the GAEA Japan organization to bring in women wrestlers. At tournament was held in the fall of 1996. Madusa defeated Reina Jabuki in the first round, and [[Chigusa Nagayo|Zero]] in the semi-final, but she lost to [[Hisako Uno Sasaki|Akira Hokuto]] in the finals of the tournament on [[December 29]], [[1996]] at [[StarrCade]]. Madusa never could win the title. She claimed to have won it in Japan, but records indicated otherwise. On [[June 15]], [[1997]], at the ''[[The Great American Bash|Great American Bash]]'', Miceli lost a retirement match to Hokuto.

===Third WCW stint===

Madusa returned to WCW in [[1999]] as part of [[Randy Poffo|Randy Savage's]] Team Savage with [[Stephanie Bellars|Gorgeous George]] and [[Noreen Greenwald|Miss Madness]]. She was eventually kicked out by Savage due to a dispute in July 1999.

[[Image:Madusa_16.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Madusa wrestling Evan Karagias on an episode of WCW Monday Nitro In November 1999.]]

After a three month sabbatical, Madusa made her return to television on the [[October 18]], 1999 edition of ''WCW Monday Nitro'' when she participated in a [[Professional_wrestling_match_types#Bra_and_Panties_Match|"New York Style" Evening Gown Match]] with [[Noreen Greenwald|Mona]], although she was less than enthusiastic about the idea. Mona came out in a blue evening gown whereas Madusa came out in a "Tommy Sports" dress. While Madusa was distracted as she ranted to the ringside announcers, Mona came from behind and stripped her of her gown, down to her shorts and sports [[brassiere|bra]]. Madusa then grabbed the microphone to complain even more, and told "everyone behind her" to kiss her [[posterior]]. At ''[[Halloween_Havoc#1999|WCW Halloween Havoc 1999]]'', Madusa would reluctantly come out in a red [[bikini]] to shill [[cologne]]. An angry Madusa would then dump the contents of the bottle over [[Bobby Heenan]].

Madusa soon aligned with [[Evan Karagias]] after he came to her aid after she lost to Meng in a match on Nitro in October 1999. They started a fling of sorts in November of that year, and she helped lead him to the [[WWE Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Championship]] at ''[[WCW Mayhem|WCW Mayhem 1999]]''. Meanwhile, Madusa was interested in Evan's Cruiserweight Championship belt herself. Madusa earned a title shot at ''WCW StarrCade'' on ''Monday Nitro'' when she defeated Mona and Evan Karagias in a three-way match. Then at ''StarrCade'', Madusa defeated Evan to become the first female to win the WCW Cruiserweight Title.

Madusa had dumped Evan a week before the bout when she caught him flirting with [[Melissa Bellin|Spice]] backstage. Spice became Evan's new girl and she was in his corner at ''StarrCade''; however, Spice distracted Evan during his match with Madusa at ''StarrCade'' to help Madusa reign victorious. Spice them aligned with Madusa and became her manager, although the relationship only lasted about a month as Spice returned her role as a [[Nitro Girl]].

Though her reign as WCW Cruiserweight champion was short-lived, a few memorable moments took place nonetheless. On the [[January 10]], [[2000]] edition of Nitro, Madusa inexplicably came out wearing a blue [[wig]], not to mention a bikini top. Madusa's bizarre look was akin to a female [[Anime]] character come to life in that female Anime characters have colorful [[hair]], curvaceous [[physique|physiques]] and wear gaudy outfits. On this edition of Nitro, Madusa came out to tend to [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] after she was struck by [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] with a bottle of [[barbecue sauce]] during a match. Oklahoma then struck Madusa from behind with a [[broom]]. And thus her feud with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] started. Perhaps the most memorable moment of her reign as Cruiserweight champ took place in an evening gown match with [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] on an episode of [[WCW Thunder]] on [[January 12]], 2000. Madusa easily defeated Oklahoma by stripping off his dress. After the match, Oklahoma retaliated and struck Madusa with a glass bottle containing barbecue sauce. Oklahoma then disrobed Madusa to reveal her blue [[undergarments]]. What with her large breasts billowing out of a [[push-up bra]], Oklahoma proceeded to pour the BBQ sauce down her mountainous [[cleavage (breasts)|cleavage]]. Oklahoma then kicked Madusa in the back and she fell to the floor outside the ring. She eventually lost the belt to [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] at ''[[Souled Out|WCW Souled Out]]'' in January 16, 2000. During her reign, Madusa would only defend the WCW Cruiserweight Title on television on two other occasions. She defeated [[Christie Wolf|Asya]] on the first edition of [[WCW Thunder]] of 2000. She also defeated a male [[Plant (professional wrestling)|plant]] on the [[January 15]], 2000 edition of [[WCW Saturday Night]]. Madusa would also defeat [[Sherri Martel]] in a non-title match.

After her title reign came to a close, Madusa would continue to feud with Oklahoma for a few more weeks. In on-camera interviews, Oklahoma would often poke fun at the amount of [[plastic surgery]] Madusa has legitimately had over the years. On the [[February 7]], 2000 edition of Nitro, brought out a doctor by the name of Dr. Jeter. Dr. Jeter claimed that Madusa was one of his clients and that he had done [[cosmetic surgery]] on her. Jeter claimed that he did a [[nose job]], eye job, lip job, [[breast implants|boob job]], and even a [[buttock augmentation]] on Madusa. Oklahoma then said that Madusa had no place in the WCW Women's Division and that there wasn't anything natural about Madusa. Ironically, Madusa came out in an ill-fitting bikini top in which her large, pendulous breasts were flailing around uncontrollably as she made her entrance to the ring. Madusa would then proceed to beat up both Oklahoma and the doctor. The conclusion of Madusa's feud with Oklahoma occured on the [[February 21]], 2000 edition of Nitro in a match where she was disguised as [[La Parka]] for a match with [[Prince_Iaukea|The Artist Formerly Known as Prince Iaukea]]. Because "La Parka" was looking thin - not to mention voluptuous in the chest - Oklahoma could easily tell that this was an imposter.
Oklahoma then ripped off the mask to reveal an embarrassed Madusa. The real La Parka then entered the ring and hit Oklahoma with a chairshot.

WCW didn't have much in the way for Madusa creatively and she only made a few appearances during the rest of the year. She then became an instructor at the [[WCW Power Plant]] to help train the females for wrestling matches. She did that until the foreclosure of the company in [[2001]]. Madusa wrestled exactly one match after she left WCW as she wrestled [[Elizabeth Carolan|Beth Phoenix]] at an [[independent circuit|independent show]] in [[Arizona]] in [[May 2001|May]] of that year. She retired from pro wrestling for good in 2001.

==Cosmetic Surgery==

[[Image:365_mad.jpg|right|thumb|130px|Madusa after her second breast augmentation, circa 1999.]]
Madusa has had some [[cosmetic surgery|cosmetic surgery]] done over the years. She has gotten [[Breast implant|breast implants]] on at least two occasions. She has also had [[rhinoplasty|rhinoplasty]] surgery on at least one occasion. According to [[Rhonda Singh]], Madusa took some time off from the WWF during the spring of [[1995]] to have her first [[Breast implant|breast augmentation]]. She also had her [[rhinoplasty]] surgery done during this time as well.

Upon returning to World Championship Wrestling in [[1999]], Madusa's breasts were substantially larger in contrast to any other point in her wrestling career. As it turns out, Madusa had gotten an even larger set of breast implants prior to her return to WCW. In an interview ''WCW Magazine'' conducted with her in the summer of 1999, Madusa revealed that her reasoning behind the implants was that they gave her a bit more confidence in herself. "I got those for me," Madusa said. "I wanted to embellish my own beauty, to give myself a little more confidence. When I got them, I was 5-10, 150 pounds and really, I had nothing. I looked silly. So I got them and I think they look good." When a fan questioned Madusa the exact size of her breasts on her official website, she revealed that she was a D cup. [http://www.madusa.com/commerce/askme/askme.asp?page=83&cmdMove=jmp]

[[Image:Up_132603280_madusa.jpg|left|thumb|130px|Madusa in her natural state, circa 2005.]]

Madusa's means of physically displaying her curvaceous [[physique]] was a heavy [[dichotomy]] considering that Madusa had often frowned upon the usage of [[T&A]] in professional wrestling throughout her career - both in wrestling storylines and in real life. Yet Madusa had arguably the largest cup size in WCW at the time and she would often flaunt her plentiful bustline in gaudy, ill-fitting outfits. For instance, Madusa purposely stuck her chest out in order to seduce Evan Karagias on an episode of ''WCW Monday Nitro'' in [[November 1999]]. In another instance, Madusa actually went braless underneath a white dress on an episode of ''WCW Thunder'' in [[December 1999]]. Also, Madusa would often wrestle in a [[bikini]] top. And sometimes Madusa would even wear a bikini top as if it was mere [[casual|casual wear]].

After the demise of WCW in [[2001]], several people that saw her in person at various [[USHRA|USHRA]] [[Monster truck|Monster truck]] events noted that her breasts were significantly smaller in contrast to her final WCW stint. When questioned about it on her official [[website]], Madusa revealed that she had indeed gotten a [[breast reduction]]. Seeing how she was retired from professional wrestling, Madusa felt as though that the implants were no longer necessary for her new line of work as a Monster truck driver where it wasn't necessary for her to display her body in a sexual manner. She had them removed in either [[2001]] or [[2002]].

Madusa has stated numerous times on her official website that she regretted getting breast implants in the first place. Albeit still ample, her breasts are currently in their natural state. Her reasoning behind the [[Breast reduction|breast reduction]] was that they were much too large, pendulous, and annoying to her physical well-being. Due in part to the extremely pendulous nature of her breasts - as evident by their motions during her ring entrances in her final WCW stint - her breasts had a tendency to easily jerk around whenever she would [[walk]], much less [[run]], and thus she stated that she couldn't run long distances as it would bring much physical pain to her.

==Personal life==
*Miceli posed nude for ''[[Playboy (magazine)|Playboy]]'' in 1987 but never signed the release for the pictures to be published. The reason the release was never signed was due to the fact that she was scheduled to begin work in Japan. Since Japanese promotions had very strict rules governing conduct for female wrestlers at the time, Miceli opted not to have the pictures published.

*Madusa was married to Eddie Gilbert in the early 1990s. After their divorce she married former [[National Football League|NFL]] player Ken Blackman in the late [[1990s]] and into the turn of the [[millennium]]. Things just didn't work out between them and they decided to go their separate ways.

*She has homes in both [[Virginia]] and [[Florida]].

*Madusa drove a monster truck of the same name for [[Live Nation]] in their Monster Jam series, but was recently released over contract issues. On May 12, 2006 she announced that she had signed up to drive a Madusa truck for Team Bigfoot, beginning later in 2006. She currently runs a pet grooming service.

==Trivia==
* [[Dusty Rhodes]] referred to Miceli as "[[Methuselah]]".
* Madusa is one of the first monster trucks named after its driver.
* Due to her martial arts background, Madusa preferred to wrestle [[barefoot]], a la [[Kevin Von Erich]].

==In wrestling==
===Finishing and Signature Moves===
'''*[[Suplex#German Suplex|Bridging German Suplex]]'''
*[[Professional wrestling attacks#Spinning Heel Kick|Spinning Heel Kick]]
*[[Suplex#Snap Suplex|Snap Suplex]]

===Managers===
*[[Melissa Bellin|Spice]]

==Wrestlers managed==
*[[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]]

===Championships and accomplishments===
*3-Time [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[AWA Women's Championship|AWA Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[WCW Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Champion]]
*2-Time IWA (Japan) Women's Champion
*Miceli won the [[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] Rookie of the Year Award in 1988.
*[[USHRA]] [[Monster Jam World Finals]] Racing champion (2005)
*USHRA Monster Jam World Finals [[Freestyle (monster trucks)|Freestyle]] co-champion (2004)

===Championship succession===
{{start box}}
{{succession box |
before= '''Vacant''' |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= First reign |
after= [[Bull Nakano]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bull Nakano]]|
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Second reign |
after= [[Bertha Faye]]
}}
{{succession box |
before= [[Bertha Faye]] |
title= [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]] |
years= Third reign |
after= '''Vacant'''
}}
{{end box}}

==References==
*[http://www.madusa.com Madusa.com]
*[http://www.obsessedwithwrestling.com/profiles/m/madusa.html Madusa at Obsessed With Wrestling.com]
*[http://www.monster-style.com/headline.php?id=13 Madusa released from Live Nation]
*[http://norcalmonsters.com/ Madusa announces Bigfoot contract]

==External links==
*[http://www.madusa.com Official Website]

[[Category:AWA alumni|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Female professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Italian professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:1963 births|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Adult models|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Living people|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster trucks|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Monster truck drivers|Miceli, Debra]]

[[ja:デブラ・ミセリー]]

Topfreedom

2006-07-06T15:34:40Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by V----l Sch----l (talk) to last version by 194.201.85.168

{{mergeto|toplessness}}
[[Image:Topfree group.jpg|thumb|300px|right|A mixed group of people including [[toplessness|topless]] women and [[barechested]] men.]]
'''Topfreedom''' is a [[social movement]] which seeks to accord women the right to go [[toplessness|topless]] in public should they so choose, where men have the equivalent right. Examples of [[public space]]s which might be covered include [[beach]]es, [[swimming pool]]s and [[park]]s. The reasons cited include keeping nursing mothers from having to find a hidden place for [[breastfeeding]], allowing women to [[sun tanning|sun tan]], comfort in places such as pools and beaches, and [[sex equality]] issues.

In [[North America]], where resistance to topless nudity of women is greater than in mainland Europe or Australia, a small '''topfree equality''' movement has grown up. In February [[2005]] in [[California]], attorney Liana Johnsson contended that under [[Megan's Law]], women convicted of [[indecent exposure]] (for [[breastfeeding]] or [[sun tanning|sunbathing]]) could find themselves listed as [[sex offender]]s alongside [[rape|rapists]] and [[Sexual abuse#Child sexual abuse|child molesters]]. The term "topfree" is used as an alternative to "topless", which may carry negative connotations. Some women prefer the term "shirtfree rights".

==Cultural arguments==
Western culture generally tends to oppose public female toplessness because of the idea that females breasts are sexual organs, and thus [[decency|indecent]]. In contrast, the male chest is not commonly considered to be sexual.

Biologically there is no particular connection between mammary glands and copulation, but it is inarguable that most heterosexual men find breasts sexually arousing and some zoologists (notably [[Desmond Morris]]) believe that through human evolution, female breasts have acquired secondary sexual characteristics as a counterpart of the buttocks in other primates. For more information, see [[breast]].

Some courts in North America have ruled that mammary glands are nurturing organs, not sexual organs; this is important because it is generally the public display of sexual organs which is legally restricted.

==Topfree in North America==
Some places in North America are said to have topfree equality by law, although whether such equality is upheld or practiced varies. These include:
*Some provinces of [[Canada]] including
**[[British Columbia]]
**[[Ontario]]<ref name="QueenvsJacobs">Province of Ontario Court of Appeal. Judgment C12668, The Queen vs. Gwen Jacobs (1996)</ref> (where equality has been tested and upheld several times)
**All of [[Canada]], in theory, because sex equality is an amendment to the Canadian Constitution. The Supreme Court could, however, overturn the precedents set in BC and Ontario.

*Some states of the [[United States]], including
**[[Hawaii]]
**[[Maine]] (ex.[http://www.stater.kent.edu/stories_old/98fall/110698/n2a.html] and [http://www.seacoastonline.com/2002news/1_31odd.htm])
**[[New York]] (and more generally, within the jurisdiction of the 2nd US Federal Circuit)
**[[Ohio]]
**[[Texas]]

*Some cities and localities of the [[United States]], including
**[[Eugene, Oregon]]
***[[Oregon Country Fair]]
**[[South Beach]], [[Miami Beach, Florida]]
***[[Fantasy Fest]]
**[[Washington, D.C.]]

Note that even in some of the areas where topfree is in fact legal, local [[police]] may still arrest those practicing it for [[disorderly conduct]] or similar charges.

==Topfree outside North America==
In many countries, especially in [[Europe]] and Australia, it is well-established that females may go topfree at places like beaches, parks and open air swimming pools. This may be by law (''permitted'') or may be by common consent, with the law simply not being applied (''tolerated''). In other areas, such as [[South Korea]] and [[Islamic]] countries, it is considered highly offensive for women, and even men, to go topfree in almost any context.

==Topfree Equal Rights Association (TERA)==
The '''Topfree Equal Rights Association (TERA)''' is a [[Canada|Canadian]] organisation that exists to help women who have legal troubles exercising their rights to go '[[topfree equality|topfree]]' where men are also able to. Their website states that they cover the [[USA]] and Canada.

The organisation also aims to inform and educate the public about [[topfree equality|topfreedom]]. They also campaign to change laws about topfreedom that exist in most [[North America]]n [[jurisdiction]]s, which they see as [[sexism|sex discrimination]].

==See also==
*[[Toplessness]]
*[[Clothes free movement]]
*[[Nudity]]
*[[Public nudity]]
*[[Monokini]]
*[[Equalism]]
*[[Sexism]]
*[[Taboo]]

===Organizations===
*[[Naturist Action Committee]] (NAC)
*[[Topfree_equality#Topfree_Equal_Rights_Association_.28TERA.29|Topfree Equal Rights Association]] (TERA)
*[[Clothes free organizations]]
*[[World Naked Bike Ride]]

===People===
*[[Judy Williams]]: NAC board member, chief advisor of TERA, chair of Wreck Beach Preservation Society (WBPS) in Vancouver, BC
*[[Gwen Jacobs]]: test case for topfreedom who won in Ontario, Canada.<ref name="QueenvsJacobs"/>
*[[Linda Meyer]]: test case for topfreedom for British Columbia. On June 8, 2000, she won in court against Maple Ridge, BC. She had been arrested at the District of Maple Ridge's indoor public swimming pool. That was after she had provoked arrests for many years, and had gone to jail, in order to win in court and thereby stop official harassment for her topfree public activities.
*[[Paul Rapoport]]: topfree activist, writer, editor of ''Going Natural'', a publication of FCN.
*[[Sue Richards]]: Publisher of the topfree, breast health calendar Breast of Canada.
*[[Morley Schloss]]: NAC board member, topfree activist.
*[[Nikki Craft]]: [[feminist]], past shirtfree rights activist, now disaffiliated from the movement.

==References==
<references/>

==External links==
*[http://www.savecalifornia.com/getpluggedin/latimes_12205.php Woman Promotes the Right to Go Topless] - Originally an LA Times, January 2005 article

*[http://www.tera.ca/ Topfree Equal Rights Association]
*[http://www.007b.com/topfreedom.php What is topfreedom? article]

[[Category:Breast]]
[[Category:Civil disobedience]]
[[Category:Issues in the culture wars]]
[[Category:Nudity]]
[[Category:Sexism]]
[[Category:Social movements]]

Liste von Exilkubanern in den Vereinigten Staaten

2006-06-26T04:01:48Z

Wikibofh: de-cap headings per MOS, make others bullets, wikilink a few

{{wikify-date|June 2006}}
The '''Cuban-American lobby''' is a general term for the various groups largely made up by [[Cuban]] [[emigrant]]s to the [[USA]] and their descendants who pressure the [[U.S. government]] over its policy toward [[Cuba]]. In general usage, this refers to anti-[[Fidel Castro|Castro]] and [[anticommunism|anti-Communist]] groups. These were historically the dominant political force in the exile community, but in recent times a more diverse set of political positions has emerged.

===Organizations===
The most well-known organization is the [[Cuban American National Foundation]].

===Cuban-Americans in the [[United States Congress]]===
There are five Cuban-Americans in the current [[US Congress]]. Two are [[US Senator]]s:
*[[Mel Martinez]] [http://www.visi.com/juan/congress/cgi-bin/newmemberbio.cgi?lang=&member=FLJR&site=ctc&address=&city=&state=FL&zipcode=&plusfour=], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] of Florida
*[[Robert Menendez]], [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] of [[New Jersey]][http://www.visi.com/juan/congress/cgi-bin/newmemberbio.cgi?lang=&member=NJ13&site=ctc&address=&city=&state=NJ&zipcode=&plusfour=].

Three Cuban-Americans are Representatives; they are:
*[[Lincoln Diaz-Balart]], [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]], 21st District of [[Florida]] [http://www.visi.com/juan/congress/cgi-bin/newmemberbio.cgi?lang=&member=FL21&site=ctc&address=&city=&state=FL&zipcode=&plusfour=],[http://www.visi.com/juan/congress/cgi-bin/newmemberbio.cgi?member=FL21&site=ctc]; *[[Mario Diaz-Balart]], Republican, 25th District of [[Florida]] [http://www.visi.com/juan/congress/cgi-bin/newmemberbio.cgi?lang=&member=FL25&site=ctc&address=&city=&state=FL&zipcode=&plusfour=]. [http://www.house.gov/mariodiaz-balart/gallery/gallery_constituents.htm]
*[[Ileana Ros-Lehtinen]], Republican, 18th District of [[Florida]] [http://www.visi.com/juan/congress/cgi-bin/newmemberbio.cgi?lang=&member=FL18&site=ctc&address=&city=&state=FL&zipcode=&plusfour=];

==Cubans in public service with [[United States Government]]==
*[[Eduardo Aguirre]], US Ambassador in Spain and Andorra [http://groups.google.com/group/soc.culture.venezuela/browse_thread/thread/006e84500a40fd35/61db683fb6165579]
*Emilio González, former U.S. Army colonel, is director of U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services. [http://www.miami.com/mld/miamiherald/14139795.htm]
*Cuban-born former [[Kellogg's]] [[CEO]] [[Carlos Gutierrez]] is the present [[Commerce Secretary]] [http://money.cnn.com/2004/11/29/news/newsmakers/commerce_secretary/].
*[[Adolfo A. Franco]] is Assistant Administrator, [[Bureau for Latin America and the Caribbean]] [[U.S. Agency for International Development]].

==Politically active Cuban authors and academics==
{{listdev}}

*[[Frank Calzón]], Center for a Free Cuba [http://wwwc.house.gov/international_relations/109/cal030305.htm].
*[[Antonio de la Cova]] Academic
*[[Enrique Ros]] Prolific Author (Historical Topics)
*[[Zoe Valdes]] Famed novelist
*[[Armando F. Valladares]] was a former Cuban prisoner for twenty-two years. Valladares was American ambassador before the Human Rights Commission of the [[UN]] in [[Geneva]], during the administrations of [[Reagan]] and [[George H.W. Bush]]. He is the author of the book-testimonial Contra toda esperanza "Against All Hope", where he relates his life in Cuban jails.

==See also==
* [[Cuban American]]
* [[Cuba-United States relations]]
* [[Opposition to Fidel Castro]]

[[Category:Foreign relations of Cuba]]
[[Category:Foreign relations of the United States]]
[[Category:Cuban-American relations]]

John Bingham

2006-06-18T05:39:15Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 24.251.2.136 (talk) to last version by Wikibofh

John Bingham

2006-06-18T05:30:51Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 24.251.2.136 (talk) to last version by Kungfuadam

Kartchner Caverns State Park

2006-05-22T23:30:50Z

Wikibofh: add gps coords using coord template

'''Kartchner Caverns State Park''' ({{coor dms|31|50|164|N|110|20|929|W}}) is an [[Arizona]] [[List of Arizona state parks|state park]], located nine miles south of the town of [[Benson, Arizona|Benson]] and is considered by many to be the "[[crown jewels|crown jewel]]" of Arizona's state park system.

The [[park]] encompasses most of a down-dropped block of [[Palaeozoic]] rocks on the east flank of the [[Whetstone Mountains]] in the [[Coronado National Forest]]. it is carved out of [[limestone]] and filled with spectacular [[speleothem]]s which have been growing for 50,000 years, and are still growing due to careful development and maintenance.

== History ==

The caverns were apparently unknown to man until [[1974]], when two amateur [[caver]]s found a narrow crack in the bottom of a [[sinkhole]], and followed the source of moist air towards what ended up to being over 2½ miles of pristine cave passages. In the desire to avoid [[vandalism]], the discoverers kept the location of the passages a secret for years; their story was finally made public in [[1988]] when the landowners sold the area to the state for development as a park and [[show cavern]].

== Popularity ==

The caves have proven to be popular; over 750,000 people have visited the system in its first three years of the park's existence [http://www.sltrib.com/2003/Nov/11162003/Sunday/110737.asp], a number over double what was projected in the 1992 master plan for the park.

== Features open to public viewing ==

The two major features of the caverns currently available to the public are the ''Throne Room'' and the ''Big Room''. The Throne Room contains one of the world's longest (21' 2") soda straw [[stalactite]]s and a 50-foot high column called ''Kubla Khan''. The Big Room contains the world's most extensive formation of [[brushite]] [[moonmilk]]; it is closed for several months each year because it is a [[nursery roost]] for over 1000 [[evening bat|cave bats]].

Other features publicly accessible within the caverns include ''Mud Flats, Rotunda Room, Echo Passage, Strawberry Room, Cul-de-sac Passage, and Subway Tunnel''.

== Undeveloped sections ==

Several sections identified by the discoverers remain :
*Thunder Room
*Grand Canyon
*Subway Tunnel
*Mushroom Passage
*Pirate's Den
*Granite Dells

===References and external links===
* [http://www.pr.state.az.us/Parks/parkhtml/kartchner.html State Park website]
* [http://www.friendsofkartchner.org/ Friends of Kartchner Caverns State Park]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/PDF/V61/v61n2-Tuffs.htm Discovery and History]
* [http://www.caves.org/pub/journal/Journal_of_Cave_and_Karst_Studies_volume_61.htm Journal of Cave and Karst Studies] (ISSN 01469517), Volume 61(2), August 1999

[[Category:Arizona state parks]]
[[Category:Caves of the United States]]
[[Category:Sonoran Desert]]

Debrah Ann Miceli

2006-05-21T03:46:21Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 66.190.69.174 (talk) to last version by 207.69.137.12

Gorseinon

2006-01-05T19:45:30Z

Wikibofh: POV

{{Infobox swansea electoral ward|
|Electoral Ward = Gorseinon ward
|WardMap = [[Image:Wm swansea gorseinon.jpg]]
|GridReference = SS5999
|Principal Locality = Gorseinon
|Total Population = 3,275 (2001 census)
|Land Area = 2.23 (2001 census)
|Local Council = [[Swansea|City and County of Swansea]]
|PostCodes = SA4
|DiallingCode = +44-1792
|Constituency = [[Gower (UK Parliament constituency)|Gower]]
}}

'''Gorseinon''' is the name of an [[Ward (politics)|electoral ward]], a [[Community council|community]] and a [[town]] in the City and County of [[Swansea]], [[South Wales]]. The electoral ward consists of some or all of the following areas: Gorseinon, in the parliamentary constituency of [[Gower (UK Parliament constituency)|Gower]].

The town of '''Gorseinon''' is also located in the [[traditional county]] of [[Glamorgan]], south [[Wales]]. It was a small [[village]] until the late [[19th century]] when it grew around the [[coal mining]] industry. Gorseinon hosted the [[National Eisteddfod]] in [[1980]]. It is the birthplace of British Tory politician [[Michael Howard]].

Penyrheol Comprehensive School is where 90% of 11-16 year olds go.

The town of [[Loughor]] is now essentially a [[suburb]] of Gorseinon.

==See also==
*[http://www.page-net.com/swansea.localhistory/gorseinon/ Gorseinon history]
*[http://www.gorseinon.info/sitepages/History.htm Gorseinon CRU - History]

[[Category:Swansea electoral wards]]
[[Category:Communities of Swansea]]
[[Category:Towns in Swansea]]

[[cy:Gorseinon]]
[[no:Gorseinon]]

Gorseinon

2006-01-05T19:44:53Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by Kai mitsurugi (talk) to last version by Sloman

{{Infobox swansea electoral ward|
|Electoral Ward = Gorseinon ward
|WardMap = [[Image:Wm swansea gorseinon.jpg]]
|GridReference = SS5999
|Principal Locality = Gorseinon
|Total Population = 3,275 (2001 census)
|Land Area = 2.23 (2001 census)
|Local Council = [[Swansea|City and County of Swansea]]
|PostCodes = SA4
|DiallingCode = +44-1792
|Constituency = [[Gower (UK Parliament constituency)|Gower]]
}}

'''Gorseinon''' is the name of an [[Ward (politics)|electoral ward]], a [[Community council|community]] and a [[town]] in the City and County of [[Swansea]], [[South Wales]]. The electoral ward consists of some or all of the following areas: Gorseinon, in the parliamentary constituency of [[Gower (UK Parliament constituency)|Gower]].

The town of '''Gorseinon''' is also located in the [[traditional county]] of [[Glamorgan]], south [[Wales]]. It was a small [[village]] until the late [[19th century]] when it grew around the [[coal mining]] industry. Gorseinon hosted the [[National Eisteddfod]] in [[1980]]. It is the birthplace of British Tory politician [[Michael Howard]].

Penyrheol Comprehensive School is where 90% of 11-16 year olds go. It is in need of renovation.

The town of [[Loughor]] is now essentially a [[suburb]] of Gorseinon.

==See also==
*[http://www.page-net.com/swansea.localhistory/gorseinon/ Gorseinon history]
*[http://www.gorseinon.info/sitepages/History.htm Gorseinon CRU - History]

[[Category:Swansea electoral wards]]
[[Category:Communities of Swansea]]
[[Category:Towns in Swansea]]

[[cy:Gorseinon]]
[[no:Gorseinon]]

John Bingham

2005-11-23T15:57:28Z

Wikibofh: add dablink to top

:''This article is about the politician. For the runner and author see [[John Bingham (runner)]].''

'''John Bingham''' ([[1815]]–[[1900]]) was a [[United States Republican Party|Republican]] [[United States Congress|Congressman]] from [[Ohio]], a [[Radical Republican]], and the principal framer of the [[Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution|Fourteenth Amendment]] to the [[United States Constitution]]. He came from a prominent [[New England]] family that included [[Hiram Bingham III|Hiram Bingham]], the "rediscoverer" of [[Machu Picchu]].

{{US-politician-stub}}

[[Category:1815 births|Bingham, John]]
[[Category:1900 deaths|Bingham, John]]

Leicester House

2005-11-17T15:55:40Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 204.184.29.2 to last version by 139.222.189.218

''For details on the adjacent [[London Underground]] station, see [[Leicester Square tube station]].''

[[Image:Leicester Square in 1750.JPG|image|thumb|300px|Leicester Square in 1750, looking north. The large house set back behind a forecourt at the north east corner is Leicester House, then the residence of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]].]]
[[Image:Leicester Square c1880.jpg|thumb|300px|Leicester Square in 1880, looking north east.]]
'''Leicester Square''' ''(pronounced 'Lester Square')'' is a [[pedestrian]]ised [[city square|square]] in the [[West End]] of [[London]], [[United Kingdom]], lying to the west of [[Charing Cross Road]], north of [[Trafalgar Square]] and east of [[Piccadilly Circus]]. It is named and built on the site of ''Leicester Fields'', which were the fields in front of the [[Earl of Leicester]]'s mansion, Leicester House. The area was developed in the [[1670s]]. It was initially a fashionable area, and Leicester House was even the residence of [[Frederick, Prince of Wales]] at one time, but by the later part of the 18th century it was no longer a smart address.

In [[1848]] Leicester Square was the subject of the famous land law case of ''[[Tulk v Moxhay]]''. The plot's previous owner had agreed upon a covenant not to erect buildings after his purchase. However, the law would not allow purchasers who were not 'privy' to the initial contract to be bound by any subsequent promises. The leading judge, [[Charles Pepys, 1st Earl of Cottenham|Lord Chancellor Cottenham]], decided that future owners of land could be bound by promises to abstain from activity. Otherwise, a buyer could simply sell land to himself again to undermine an initial promise. Hence the Leicester Square known today was saved from development. By the 19th century Leicester Square was known as an entertainment venue, and also housed several hotels. It was popular with overseas residents and visitors to London. A large theatre called the [[Alhambra Theatre|Alhambra]], built in 1854, dominated the square.

In the middle of the Square is a small park, in the centre of which is a statue of [[William Shakespeare]] surrounded by [[dolphins]]. At each corner gate of the park is a statue: those featured are: Sir [[Isaac Newton]] (famous scientist), Sir [[Joshua Reynolds]] (the first President of the [[Royal Academy]]), [[John Hunter (surgeon)|John Hunter]] (a pioneer of surgery), [[William Hogarth]] (famous painter). The most recent addition is a statue of [[Charlie Chaplin]] (film star).

Leicester Square is the centre of London's [[movie theater|cinema]] land. UK [[film]] [[premiere]]s are typically hosted at one of the four cinemas located directly within the square. It is claimed that the square contains a cinema with the largest screen and a cinema with the most number of seats (over 2000).
[[Image:LeicesterSquareGardens.jpg|thumb|200px|The Centre of Leicester Square]]
The square is also the home for 'tkts', formerly known as the Official London Half-Price Theatre Ticket Booth. This booth is jointly owned and operated by various theatre groups. Tickets for [[theatre]] performances taking place around the West End that day are sold from the booth for around half-price. The popularity of the booth has given rise to many other booths and stores around the square advertising 'half price' tickets for West End shows. It is claimed that at least some of these booths are [[Fraud|fraudulent]]. Despite having names like 'Official Half-Price Ticket Booth', they are neither official nor do they offer half-price tickets.

The square is home to several [[nightclub]]s and is consequently often very busy, particularly on [[Friday]] and [[Saturday]] evenings.

[[Capital Radio]] moved its headquarters and London studios to the east side of Leicester Square, close to the [[Odeon Leicester Square]], in [[1997]]. [[XFM]], an [[indie music]] radio station owned by Capital Radio, also shares the building.

==Major cinemas==
*[[Odeon Leicester Square]], which dominates the east side of the Square, had the first digital projector in Europe ([[1999]]), hosting most premieres with capacity of approx 1700.
*The adjacent Odeon Mezzanine has five smaller auditoria (capacities of 50-60 people each).
*[[Empire (cinema)|Empire]] on the north of the Square is the next-largest cinema, with 1330 seats in the main screen. It also has two smaller screens, with 350 and 77 seats.
*[[Odeon West End]], on the south side, contains two screens which can sit 1000 each and is used for smaller premieres.
*[[Vue (cinema)|Vue]], on the north side near the north east corner, was previously the [[Warner Brothers Village]], a multiplex that hosted only [[Warner Bros]] film premieres. Together with the rest of the [[Warner Village Cinemas|Warner Village]] chain, it was bought out by Vue in [[2004]].
*A short distance to the west of the Square on the south side of [[Panton Street]] is the [[Odeon Panton Street]], another 2-screen Odeon cinema.

''Other Cinema''
*[[Prince Charles Cinema]] is a cheap ticket second-run and cult film cinema famed for its regular showing of [[Rocky Horror Picture Show]] and the [[Sing-a-long Sound of Music]].

==Major pubs, clubs and restaurants==
*[[Hippodrome, London]]
*[[Pizza Hut]]
*Radisson Edwardian Hampshire (hotel and Apex and Crescent bars)--http://www.radissonedwardian.com
*The Moon Under Water, one of many [[Wetherspoons|J D Wetherspoon]] pubs named after an idyll of "solid comfortable ugliness" extolled by [[George Orwell]] in a 1946 essay in the [[Evening Standard]]
*Equinox nightclub (soon to be closed and turned into a casino)
*Zoo Bar
*Oxygen
*All Bar One
*Home (closed) was a seven floor superclub launched in 1999 but [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/1273766.stm went into receivership] after having its licence [http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/entertainment/music/1251385.stm revoked by police for one month] in March 2001 due to drugs issues. [[Paul Oakenfold]] was a resident DJ.
*[[The Comedy Store, London|The Comedy Store]]

==External links==
*[http://www.earthcam.com/uk/england/leicester/ Leicester Square webcam]
*[http://www.victorianlondon.org/districts/leicestersquare.htm More on the history of Leicester Square at www.VictorianLondon.org]
*[http://www.thecomedystore.co.uk The Comedy Store]

[[Category:Streets of London]]
[[Category:London squares]]
[[Category:Westminster]]
[[Category:Visitor attractions in London]]

[[de:Leicester Square]]
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[[sv:Leicester Square]]

Eric Cantor

2005-11-02T21:51:19Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 143.231.249.141 to last version by 205.160.231.46

[[Image:Eric Cantor headshot.JPG|thumb|200px|right|Eric Cantor]]

'''Eric Ivan Cantor''' (born [[June 6]] [[1963]]), [[United States|American]] politician, has been a [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] member of the
[[United States House of Representatives]] since [[2001]], representing the Seventh Congressional District of [[Virginia]] ([http://nationalatlas.gov/printable/images/preview/congdist/va07_109.gif map]). Born in [[Richmond, Virginia|Richmond]], [[Virginia]], he attended [[George Washington University]], the [[College of William and Mary]], and [[Columbia University]]. After working in private practice as a lawyer, Cantor was elected to the [[Virginia State House of Delegates]], serving there from [[1992]] to [[2000]], when he was elected to the House. He is a member of the [[House Ways and Means Committee]].

[[Roy Blunt]] was officially named [[House Majority Leader]] after [[Tom Delay]] was [[indicted]] of conspiracy charges on [[September 28]], [[2005]]. Cantor will share with [[David Dreier]] some responsibilities of [[House Majority Leader]]. [http://www.cnn.com/2005/POLITICS/09/28/delay/]

Cantor is also [[Chief Deputy Majority Whip]].

Cantor is a staunch supporter of [[Israel]] and recently assailed [[Howard Dean]] for referring to the Republican Rarty as a "white, Christian party."

He is the only [[Jewish]] Republican in the [[US House of Representatives]].

He is married to [[Diana Fine]].

{{US-politician-stub}}

==External link==

*[http://cantor.house.gov/ official website]

{{start box}}
{{succession box | before=[[Thomas J. Bliley, Jr.]] | title=[[U.S. Congressional Delegations from Virginia|U.S. Representative for Virginia's 7th Congressional District]] | years=2001—present | after=''Incumbent''}}
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{{VA-FedRep}}

[[Category:1963 births|Cantor, Eric]]
[[Category:Members of the U.S. House of Representatives|Cantor, Eric]]
[[Category:Members of the Virginia House of Delegates|Cantor, Eric]]
[[Category:Jewish Americans|Cantor, Eric]]
[[Category:People from Virginia|Cantor, Eric]]
[[Category:American lawyers|Cantor, Eric]]
[[Category:Lawyers|Cantor, Eric]]

Eric Cantor

2005-11-01T22:01:09Z

Wikibofh: Reverted edits by 143.231.249.141 to last version by Flauto Dolce

Debrah Ann Miceli

2005-08-23T21:46:31Z

Wikibofh: update to have monster truck links...

[[Image:Debra_Miceli.jpg|right|thumb|170px|Madusa Miceli]]
'''Debra Ann Miceli''' (born [[February 6]], [[1964]] in [[Milan]]) better known as '''Madusa''' or '''Alundra Blayze''', is an [[Italy|Italian]] former [[professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] for [[World Championship Wrestling|WCW]] and [[World Wrestling Entertainment|WWF]]. She currently drives the [[Madusa (truck)|Madusa]] [[monster truck]] for [[Clear Channel Communications]] on [[Monster Jam]].

==Profile==
*Height: 5'10"
*Weight" 136 lbs.
*Birthday: [[February 9]], [[1964]]
*Birthplace: [[Milan]]
*Hometown: [[Minneapolis, Minnesota]]
*Other [[gimmick (professional wrestling)|Gimmicks]]: Alundra Blayze, Madusa, Madusa Miceli
*Trainer: Eddie Sharkey
*[[manager (professional wrestling)|Managers]]: [[Melissa Bellin|Spice]]
*Finishing/Trademark moves: [[Suplex#German Suplex|Bridging German Suplex]], [[Professional wrestling attacks#Spinning Heel Kick|Spinning Heel Kick]], [[Suplex#Snap Suplex|Snap Suplex]]

[[Image:Alundra_Blayze.jpg||left|thumb||Miceli as Alundra Blayze.]]

==Career==
Miceli started wrestling in [[1987]] in the [[American Wrestling Association|AWA]] as '''Madusa Miceli''', a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] women's wrestler and manager to [[Kevin Wacholz|Kevin Kelly]] and AWA World Champion [[Curt Hennig]].

She won the AWA Women's Title in a tournament final over Candi Divine on [[December 27]], 1987. She [[feud (professional wrestling)|feuded]] with Divine and then [[Wendy Savinovich|Wendi Richter]] for the belt and lost it to Richter on [[November 26]], 1988. She then left for IWA in [[Japan]], where she won the Women's Title twice and learned the Japanese wrestling style.

She then went to WCW in late [[1991]] to help [[Paul Heyman|Paul E. Dangerously]] form his [[Dangerous Alliance]] of [[Richard Rood|Rick Rude]], [[Arn Anderson]], [[Bobby Eaton]], [[Stone Cold Steve Austin|"Stunning" Steve Austin]] and [[Larry Zbysko]]. She often interfered in their matches and most often accompanied Rude to the ring. At [[Beach Blast]] on [[June 20]], [[1992]], she lost a [[bikini contest]] to [[Missy Hyatt]]. In October, Dangerously kicked her out of the Dangerous Alliance and she got revenge when she defeated him (by countout after he ran from her) in a match on [[November 18]], 1992 at the [[Clash of Champions]]. It was during this time that she was briefly married to wrestler [[Eddie Gilbert]].

In [[1993]], she debuted as '''Alundra Blayze''' for the WWF. She had feuds with Bull Nakano and [[Rhonda Singh|Bertha Faye]]. She won the WWF Women's Title three times while there.

Miceli did not like the Blayze gimmick and left the WWF and turned up on [[WCW Monday Nitro]] on [[December 18]], [[1995]] and threw the WWF Women's Title Belt in a trash can and proclaimed her name to be '''Madusa'''. She had a brief feud with [[Sherri Martel]] because Sherri supposedly stole [[Robert Fuller|Col. Rob Parker]] from her and even interrupted their wedding vows in [[Las Vegas, Nevada|Las Vegas]]. The feud ended after that.

[[Image:Mad_20.jpg||left|thumb||Madusa comes down ringside during the [[February 7]], [[2000]] episode of ''[[WCW Monday Nitro]]''.]]

There were not many women wrestlers in WCW so she did not get to wrestle very much. She did have some feuds with [[Gertrude Vachon|Luna Vachon]] and [[Hisako Uno Sasaki|Akira Hokuto]]. She lost in the finals of the WCW Women's Title tournament to Hokuto on [[December 29]], [[1996]] at [[StarrCade]]. She never could win the title but claimed to have won it in Japan, but records indicated otherwise. On [[June 15]], [[1997]], at the [[The Great American Bash|Great American Bash]], Miceli lost a retirement match to Hokuto.

Madusa returned to WCW in [[1999]] as part of [[Randy Poffo|Randy Savage'd]] "Team Savage" with [[Stephanie Bellars|Gorgeous George]] and [[Noreen Greenwald|Miss Madness]]. She was eventually kicked out by Savage due to a dispute in [[July]] 1999.

Madusa made her return to television on the [[October 18]], 1999 edition of WCW Monday Nitro when she participated in a "New York Evening Gown Match" with [[Noreen Greenwald|Mona]], although she was less than enthusiastic about the idea. Mona came out in a blue evening gown whereas Madusa came out in a "Tommy Sports" dress. While Madusa is distracted as she's ranting to the ringside announcers, Mona comes from behind and strips her of her gown to her shorts and sports [[bra]]. Madusa then grabs the mike to complain even more and tells "everyone behind her" to kiss her [[posterior]].

Madusa soon aligned with [[Evan Karagias]] after he came to her aid after she lost to Meng in a match on Nitro in October 1999. They started a fling of sorts in November of that year and she helped lead him to the WCW Cruiserweight Championship at WCW Mayhem 1999. Meanwhile, Madusa was interested in Evan's cruiserweight championship belt herself. Madusa earned a title shot at WCW Starrcade on Monday Nitro when she defeated Mona and Evan Karagias in a three-way match. Then at Starrcade, Madusa defeated Evan to become the first female to win the WCW Cruiserweight Title.

[[Image:Madusa001.jpg||thumb||Madusa modeling a [[Von Dutch]] t-shirt.]]

Madusa had dumped Evan a week before the bout when she caught Evan flirting with [[Melissa Bellin|Spice]] backstage. Spice became Evan's new girl and she was in his corner at Starrcade. However, Spice distracted Evan during his match with Madusa at Starrcade to help Madusa reign victorious. Spice them aligned with Madusa and became her manager, although the relationship only lasted about a month as Spice returned her role as a Nitro Girl.

Madusa defended the belt sporadicly but lost it to [[Ed Ferrera|Oklahoma]] at WCW Souled Out in January 2000. WCW didn't have much in the way for her creatively and she only made a few appearances
the rest of the year. She then became an instructor at the WCW Power Plant to help train the females for wrestling matches and did that until the foreclosure of World Championship Wrestling in 2001.
She left WCW and retired from pro wrestling for good in 2001. Madusa now competes in the monster truck circuit of the USHRA and runs a pet grooming service.

==External Links==
*Official Site: http://www.madusa.com/intro.html
[[Image:Debra_Miceli_WCW.jpg||thumb||Miceli in WCW as Madusa.]]

==Championships/Accomplishments==
*3-Time [[WWE Women's Championship|WWF Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[AWA Women's Championship|AWA Women's Champion]]
*1-Time [[WCW Cruiserweight Championship|WCW Cruiserweight Champion]]
*2-Time IWA (Japan) Women's Champion
*Miceli won the [[Pro Wrestling Illustrated]] Rookie of the Year Award in 1988.

==Trivia==
*Miceli posed nude for ''[[Playboy]]'' in 1987 but never signed the release for the pictures to be published.

*Madusa has gotten breast implants on at least two occasions but has since gotten them completely removed and gone back to her natural state. Her reasoning behind the downsize was that they were much too large and annoying for her. Also, she stated that she couldn't run long distances as it was pain in the chest so to speak.

* Madusa was married to former [[National Football League|NFL]] player Ken Blackman in the late [[1990s|90s]] and into the turn of the [[millennium]]. Things just didn't work out between them and they decided to go their separate ways.

* Madusa wrestled exactly one match after she left WCW in 2001 as she wrestled women's wrestler Beth Phoenix at an [[independent circuit|independent show]] in [[Arizona]] in [[May]] of that year.

*Madusa has homes in both [[Virginia]] and [[Florida]].

*Madusa was the first woman to hold the Cruiserweight title

{{WWEWomenschampions}}
{{CruiserweightChampions}}
[[Category:Female professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Italian professional wrestlers|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:1964 births|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Professional wrestling managers and valets|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Martial arts practitioners|Miceli, Debra]]
[[Category:Adult models|Miceli, Debra]]

Moorooduc Highway

2005-08-20T05:23:08Z

Wikibofh: wikiformat

A 16 km [[highway]] which runs from [[Frankston]] to [[Mount Martha]].
It's a dual carridgeway with two lanes each way and is the main arterial road to the Mornington Pennisula. The '''Muuradoc Highway''' is the only non freeway section of the Mornington Pennisula freeway. The road passes the town of Mornington which is just off the highway. In the future the highway may be made obslete by the construction of the Mornington Pennisula freeway which will bypass the arguably congested roundabout intersections near Mornington as well as the intersections of Frankston.

==See also==
*[[List of Melbourne highways]]

[[Category:Melbourne highways and freeways]]
{{road-stub}}

Kingdom Hearts II

2005-08-10T01:25:07Z

Wikibofh: /* External links */ remove next game...WP:NOT crystal ball

{{future game}}
{{Infobox CVG| title = Kingdom Hearts II
|image = <center>[[Image:Kingdom Hearts II logo.gif|250px]]</center>
|developer = [[Square Enix]]
|publisher = [[Square Enix]]
|designer =
|engine =
|released = Winter/Christmas 2005 in North America (announced)
|genre = [[role playing game|Action RPG]]
|modes = [[Single player]]
|ratings = [[ESRB]]: Rating Pending (RP)
|platforms = [[PlayStation 2]]
|media = 1 [[DVD-ROM]] (Possibility of 2)
|requirements =
|input =
}}

'''''Kingdom Hearts II''''' is an [[Role-playing game|RPG]] [[video game]] [[sequel]] to the [[2002]] Disney/Square RPG classic ''[[Kingdom Hearts]]''. The game continues Sora's adventure wherein he tries to find the King and Riku with the help of [[Donald]], [[Goofy]] and a large cast of [[The Walt Disney Company|Disney]] characters including [[Jack Skellington]], [[Aladdin]], [[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beast]] and more. Developed by [[Square Enix]], ''Kingdom Hearts II'' will be released in North America in [[Winter]] [[2005]].

==Story Specs==

{{spoiler}}

'''Kingdom Hearts II''' will begin exactly where '''[[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]]''' left off. Sora and team have been asleep for about a year regaining their memories. When Sora awakes, he changes his clothes and journeys off, unaware of the events that have taken place in Chain of Memories. From there battles hordes of Heartless, and meets the members of the XIII Order. Sora will arrive in Twilight Town. There Sora is ambushed by the Nobodies and is saved by King Mickey. Sora then continues his quest, sealing the keyholes of each world to protect them from the Heartless, the Order, and the Nobodies. According to Nomura, the story will be far more complicated than Kingdom Hearts's story. Kingdom Hearts II's story is expected to deal with many of the mature scenarios presented in Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories.

==Poem==

Walking this road, 
Without you, 
To remake forgotten promises and meet you at road's end. 
 
Fading Memories, 
Reconstucted Memories, 
A dream - a dream of you, 
In a world without you. 
 
The dream I see in the world without you, 
Torn dream, like a memory from the far past, 
I'd like to put it together, 
With you... 

==Worlds==
It has been confirmed, mostly indirectly (through the images of the game's trailers and screenshots), that the "worlds" in this game will be a combination of the original Kingdom Hearts worlds, plus new ones made especially for this game.

The Disney-based worlds (shown so far):
* Beast's Castle, from ''[[Beauty and the Beast (1991 film)|Beauty and the Beast]]'' (1991)
* Land of the Dragons, from ''[[Mulan]]'' (1998)
* Agrabah, from ''[[Aladdin (1992 film)|Aladdin]]'' (1992)
* Olympus Coliseum, from ''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]'' (1997)
* Halloween Town, from ''[[The Nightmare Before Christmas]]'' (1993)
* Atlantica, from ''[[The Little Mermaid (film)|The Little Mermaid]]'' (1989)
* ???, from ''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]'' (2003)
* ???, from ''[[Steamboat Willie]]'' (1928)
''Note:'' The ''Pirates of the Caribbean'' and ''Steamboat Willie'' worlds are still unnamed.

Original worlds (shown so far):
* Hollow Bastion
* Twilight Town
* Destiny Islands
* Disney Castle
* The currently unnamed world depicted in the Final Mix secret movie, Deep Dive
* Castle Oblivion

Possible returning worlds:
* Neverland, from ''[[Peter Pan (1953 movie)|Peter Pan]]''
* Hundred Acre Wood, from ''[[The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh]]''
* Wonderland, from ''[[Alice in Wonderland (1951 film)|Alice In Wonderland]]''
* Deep Jungle, from ''[[Tarzan (1999 film)|Tarzan]]''
* Monstro, from ''[[Pinocchio (1940 film)|Pinocchio]]''
* Traverse Town
* End Of The World

Rumored worlds:
* Pride Rock/Pride Lands, from ''[[The Lion King]]'' - Source: BVG's KH2 website & EGM magazine
* Hawaii, from ''[[Lilo & Stitch]]'' - Source: EGM Magazine

In the Jump Festa trailer, Selphie and Kairi are standing in matching school uniforms off of a bronze age beach. Presumably this is the main island of the Destiny Islands where Sora's house was in the first Kingdom Hearts, which is within boating distance of the original "play" island ventured through in the first game.

==Light & Dark Sides==
There are Light sides & Dark sides to different people in the world of Kingdom Hearts. Riku, Sora, & Kairi are the only people who have differnt sides. Sora searches for Kairi, & Riku fell to the Darkness. BHK searches for Namine, & Ansem fell to the Darkness.

===Sora===
Sora's Light side is beleived to be BHK. Arguably, his Dark side is most likely Axel.

===Rikku===
Rikku's Light side is almost confirmed to be Ansem, and there have been rumors that his Dark side is actually Leon.

===Kairi===
Kairi's Light side is Namine, and some people say that her Dark side is Yuffie

==Characters==

===Sora===
Where ''[[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]]'' left off, he continues to search for Riku and King Mickey with the help of Donald Duck and Goofy. However, they also have to deal with the Organization and Pete. Sora has a new wardrobe in Kingdom Hearts II which has been said to have a significant meaning. He is older and has therefore grown taller, now appearing to be even taller than Goofy (without his hat).

===[[Donald Duck]]===
King Mickey's royal mage. Although short-tempered, Donald is perhaps the smartest of the trio. Like Goofy, he'd do anything for to keep Sora in content. He may be weak physically, but he more than makes up for it with his magic. In addition with Sora's "Drive" ability, Donald can merge within Sora, causing Sora's clothes to turn blue. This 'Wisdom Mode' indicates the enhancement of Sora's physical and mental abilities, but it is currently unknown to what extent.

===[[Goofy]]===
King Mickey's royal knight. Goofy is calm and easy-going. He may act dumb at times, but he ,surprisingly enough, has a way with words- which is always apparent when trying to cheer up Sora. Being the most dependable one of the trio, Goofy is always willing to step in when Sora is in a real jam and has safeguarded Sora's life on more than one occasion. In addition with Sora's "Drive" ability, Goofy can merge within Sora, causing Sora's clothes to turn red. This "Valor Mode" of Sora indicates the enchancement of Sora's physical abilities, enabling him to perform super fast combos, with not one, but two keyblades!

===Riku===
Where ''Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'' left off, he travels in a black cloak on the same path as the Order, only with the agenda of helping Sora with Mickey Mouse at his side. However, due to the fact he and Sora have radically opposing perpectives, they are once more forced to fight each other. Riku seems to have joined up with DiZ in his plot to destroy the Order. In the latest trailer shown at the Square-Enix Party, a person in an Order trenchcoat is seen holding Riku's sword, the Soul Eater. It is clear that Riku has joined up with DiZ, but it is not confirmed whether or not Riku has also joined the Order itself at this time.

===Kairi===
Where ''Kingdom Hearts'' left off, she's still waiting for Sora and Riku to return to Destiny Islands. She goes to the same school as Selphie. From what we have learned form Chain of Memories, it is possible that Namine is the shadow of Kairi in Sora's memories. In [[Kingdom Hearts]], at the very beginning of the game, Kairi tells Sora "Don't change". This a clue that might have some relation to how much Sora & Kairi have changed so much in 2 years.

===BHK (Blonde Haired Kid)===
A boy who lives in Twilight Town. Due to some mysterious connection he has to Sora, he may be a target of the Organization. He can wield two Keyblades, the Oathkeeper and the Oblivion, and an early concept of the character is seen wearing a black cloak in the secret endings ''Another Side, Another Story'' and ''Deep Dive'' (however this is not confirmed, but there is a strong evidence he is), as well as in numerous screenshots. However, it is not known if he himself is currently a member of the Organization, even though the early concept of him wears a cloak much like theirs in the secret endings. The only other information known at this point is that he knows something that Sora does not and wishes to tell him it ([[Famitsu]], December 2004). According to Nomura, he will be playable in Kingdom Hearts II, although to what extent is not known at the moment (Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories Ultimania, December 2004). He may also have two partners that are not Donald and Goofy, but this has not yet been confirmed.

In the Jump Festa Trailer, we see BHK's full face and body. He looks moderately like Sora (mainly his blue eyes) with a distinctly Asian face build. He is also wearing predominantly white clothing, in contrast with Sora's, which holds a significance due to the comments from [[Tetsuya Nomura]] saying during some interviews that the clothes in Kingdom Hearts II have an underlying importance. In the beginning of the trailer, BHK is talking to Naminé in a very clean whitish lavender room, supposedly in Castle Oblivion. Proceeding, he is in Twilight Town's clock tower amongst a two other guys in the heat of discussion and a girl who's taken some level of sympathy or interest in BHK. Amidst the activity, BHK sits to the side concentrating on his hands, almost as though he'd done something unspeakable with them and are connected to his present situation.

In a 8 minute-or-so trailer shown in the 2005 [[Square Enix]] Party in Japan, it is reported that BHK and his friends are participating in a battle tournament named the "Struggle" (in English). There is a scene Seifer from [[Final Fantasy VIII]], accompanied by Fujin and Raijin, standing in front of BHK, probably during the tournament, taunting him. BHK supposedly wins the tournament (not confirmed) due to the fact that there are screenshots of him and his friends holding unique-colored orbs from holders mounted on a trophy-like figure.

===Naminé===
The mysterious witch from ''Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'' who can manipulate other people's memories. She is seen talking to BHK in Castle Oblivion about her powers and how she does not know either the meaning behind them nor why she has them. It is also speculated that they discuss her job in governing Sora's memories as he slept since the events in Chain of Memories a (Gamespot's E3 2005 Updated Trailer Impressions). Otherwise, it is unknown what role she will play this time...

===[[Mickey Mouse]]===
The king is traveling with Riku, and we can conclude that he is still trying to stop the stars from going out because the Heartless are back. He is also helping Riku rid himself of Ansem's darkness, which still lingers in his heart. In the end of ''Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'', he dons a black cloak and and follows Riku in the path he is headed, the path between light and dark. He appears to have a more important role in ''Kingdom Hearts II'', for he appears in numerous trailers.

===[[Ansem]]===
The main [[antagonist]] of Kingdom Hearts 1. Despite the fact that he was destroyed by the light of Kingdom Hearts, a bit of his being existed within the remaining darkness in Riku's heart. He was later permanantly defeated by Riku in Castle Oblivion, though it seems he still endured. He's compared to DiZ, to whom Ansem is somehow related. It is highly speculated that DiZ is the original Ansem's shell who was cast off by Ansem after becoming engrossed in his heartless experiments, leaving his heart in the cloaked, weak state seen early on in the first game.

===[[Pete]]===
A villain from the same world that Donald and Goofy came from, Pete intends to stop Sora and cause trouble. To that end he's rounding out some of Sora's old enemies, as he offers his help to Hades, and has obtained Jafar's lamp. Some fans think he will play a role similar to Maleficent, making it seem as if he is the main villain but actually being just another pawn.

===Disney Villians===
====Confirmed====
*Hades (''[[Hercules]]''): Still plotting to kill off Hercules, Hades summons [[Auron]] to do the job.
*[[Jafar]] (''[[Aladdin (1992 film)|Aladdin]]''): After being turned into a Genie, Jafar was sealed in his lamp. That was until Pete found it.
*[[Oogie Boogie]] (''[[Nightmare Before Christmas]]''): It's unknown how he came back. All we know is that he has been shown in a few trailers causing trouble for Halloween Town again. Of course, since he is essentially a mass of insects sewn within a burlap sack, of would assume that resurrecting him would be simple.
*[[Shan Yu]] (''[[Mulan]]''): Is attempting to take over the Land of Dragons using the Heartless. It is still unconfirmed if he is in league with Pete.
*[[Barbossa]] (''[[Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl]]''): Plans to undo his eternal curse, with a little help from Pete.
*Cerberus (''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]''): This gigantic three-headed dog is owned by Hades. Sora has fought this monster several times already, and fights it once again, with Auron, in the Underworld.
*Rock Titan (''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]''): One of the four [[Titans]]. It is humongous and bulky and also has three small heads. It moves quite slow but it holds a large amount of strength. It is unknown what its purpose is in ''Kingdom Hearts II''.
*Hydra (''[[Hercules (1997 movie)|Hercules]]''): A serpent-like creature that grows 2 heads in place of one whenever one of its heads are severed. It is controlled by Hades. It is unknown what its purpose is in ''Kingdom Hearts II''.

====Tentative====
=====Highly Assumed To Return=====
*[[Maleficent]] (''[[Sleeping Beauty (1959 movie)|Sleeping Beauty]]''): Apparently, she somehow was resurrected and reappears at Disney Castle, entangling it in her signature wild rose brambles, as confirmed by the Gummi Ship's engineers' [[Chip 'n Dale|Chip & Dale]], who complain to Queen Minnie about stepping on the thorns. It seems she's after Queen Minnie's Ring as part of her revenge on Sora.
*[[Captain Hook]] (''[[Peter Pan (1953 movie)|Peter Pan]]''): Apparently, he's the thrid known villian not to get killed off by Sora and company.
*Ursula (''[[The Little Mermaid (film)|The Little Mermaid]]''): A possibility with Atlantica returning to KH2, but unknown how she came back to life.

=====Return Rumored=====
*Queen of Hearts
*Cards
*Clayton
*Sabor
*Chernabog

=====New Rumored=====
*Scar

===The [[XIII Order]]===
The villains from [[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]], and [[Kingdom Hearts II]] who wish to unlock the heart's secrets. This group's name was originally just the Organization in [[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]]. They control the Nobody(to whom they are related in origin) and wish to enter the "Door" to find a means to become fully human again.

Many theories have Riku and Mickey spying on the Order, while many people believe that the Order may not be evil, unlike what is seen in KH:CoM. KH2 will likely focus much on Riku and Mickey and the Order.

It was supposedly said that the X in all the Organization members' names represent, or mean, "heresy", or in other words, going against the normal standards of society or morality.

====The Enigmatic Man====
A mysterious Unknown whom Sora fights in the Final Mix version of the original Kingdom Hearts. According to Nomura, he is the man standing in the center of a group of five members of the Order in a scene from a trailer released back in 2003, meaning he is probably very high ranked, either #1 or #2. Other than this, the only thing known about him is that he can manifest some sort of red energy as a weapon. There is also lots of speculation that he is the one the rest of the Order refers to as the Superior instead of DiZ. It is likely that he will be one of the main villains, if not the main villain, of Kingdom Hearts II.

====Xaldin====
No. 3 in the [[XIII Order]], Xaldin was revealed in E3 by a screenshot of the show floor by IGN. He first appears to Sora in the Beast's Castle when he kidnaps Belle and forces Beast to fight for him. A master of wind magic, he wields six lances and he sports long black hair and long sideburns. There is a screenshot of him saying, roughly translated, "Once we obtain Kingdom Hearts we will become complete beings!" (Source: Kingdom Hearts Ultimania)

Note: "Xaldin" is not an official romanization of his name from the Japanese version, and thus it is subject to change in the future.

====Axel====
No. 8 in the [[XIII Order]] and first appeared in [[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]], Axel was one of the few members of XIII Order to view the status of both Riku and Sora, whom he is most interested in.
He wields two Fire Chakera, which are Chinese weapons. He seemed to disappear after Marluxia was killed but appeared again soon after, and he seems to have some plan for Sora in the near future. The only clue we have that Axel is still involved in the plot line of ''Kingdom Hearts II'' is that we see him fighting BHK in the numerous ''Kingdom Hearts II'' trailers. Other than that, little is known about his involvement in ''Kingdom Hearts II''. Tetsuya Nomura says that "Axel's true motivations are a great story. You could cry." According to newly released information, Axel holds hostile feelings towards DiZ.

When one looks very deeply into the story of Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories, it is clear that Axel is the real villain of the game. Whether he will have a similar role in KH2 is unknown.

====Demyx　（デミックス　''Demikkusu''）====
No. 9 of the [[XIII Order]] was revealed in V-Jump July, 05. His most disguishing characteristic is his mullet and spikey brown hair. His main weapon is a [[Sitar]], and he can control water by playing it. He is encountered in the Underworld at the Olympus Coliseum.

In a [http://www.ffworld.com/?page=image&image=images/news/09_08_05/02.jpg recent edition] of the magazine [[Famitsu]], the official romanization of Demyx's name was revealed.

====DiZ====
Truly an enigma. It is said that he and the king have met before. It is assumed that he is Ansem's discarded body and soul, though this has never been truly confirmed. Nomura has stated that he is working with the XIII Order, but has goals of his own that do not pertain to the goals of the overall XIII Order. For that reason DiZ's rank in the Order is debateable, and it's not even clear whether he is an actual member of the Order or just someone working for them as a mercenary. According to new information released at the Square-Enix party, DiZ's true intentions are to destroy the Order, and for that, he is gathering followers such as Riku, Mickey, and the Blonde Haired Kid.

===The Heartless===
The mysterious beings that hunt Sora in ''Kingdom Hearts''. There are more types of Heartless than the first Kingdom Hearts. Most of them are more evil-looking.

*Named Heartless
**'''Hookwing''': Found in the Underworld, Beast's Castle.
**'''Rabid''': Found in the Underworld.
**'''Spectral Mage''': Found in the Underworld, it carries a candle.
**'''Jouster''': a Heartless found in the Underworld. Similar to the Defender, instead it wields a semi-living lance.

*Yet to be named
** Bat Heartless: Found in the Underworld, Beast's Castle.
** Dog Heartless: Found in the Underworld.
** Ghost Heartless: Found in the Underworld, it carries a candle.
** Knight Heartless: Found in Hollow Bastion, wields a sword.
** Lancer Heartless: Heartless found in the Underworld. Similar to the Defender, in wielding a semi-living lance.
** Bee Heartless: Found in Land of Dragons and Agrabah.
** Centaur Heartless: Found in Land of Dragons, uses a horseman's sword as a weapon.
** Cloaked Heartless: Found in Land of Dragons.
** Dragon Heartless: A boss in Land of Dragons.
** Door Heartless: A mini-boss in Beast's Castle.
** Gargoyle Heartless: A boss in Beast's Castle.
** Bomb Heartless: Found in Disney Castle.
** Blade Heartless: Found in Agrabah

*Returning Heartless
**'''Shadows''': The most basic of Heartless, they are found everywhere. They sneak up to their enemies and strike them with sharp claws. They are extremely tenacious, often chasing their prey to the end.
**'''Soldiers''': Shadows dressed in armor. Found in Agrabah so far, but may appear in other various places.
**'''Large Bodies''': Overweight Heartless, they seem tame and laid-back but go berserk when they are low on health, charging at the one who ticked them off.
**'''Behemoths''': Immensely huge and powerful Heartless that can only be damaged by striking their horns. Can perform meteor and cause earthquakes. Found in Hollow Bastion
**'''Neoshadows''': Evolved versions of the Shadows. Found in Hollow Bastion. (From ''Kingdom Hearts Final Mix and Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'')
**'''Crescendos''': Horn-like Heartless that summon other Heartless. (From ''Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'')
**'''Creeper Plants''': Flower Heartless.(From ''Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'')
**'''Tornado Steps'''': strange Heartless that spin around.(From ''Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories'')

===The Nobody===
They have an insignia on them that contains the same insignia as the XIII Order and part of a heart which people assume to be part of the Heartless insignia. It is said that they are thirteen types, each controlled by a member of the XIII Order. However, it is unlikely that all 13 types will appear, since 5 members of the Order died during the events of Chain of Memories.

*'''Dusk''': These white agile creatures have been shown in Twilight Town, Beast's Castle and Land of Dragons. That are easily compared to the Neo-Shadows

*????: A large white creature shown confronting BHK in his awakening. It can be compared to the Darkside Heartless.

*????: Knightish creatures that have only been seen so far in a scene in one trailer, ocurring in the deep dive city.

==Disney cameos==
Besides Mickey, Donald, Goofy, Pete, Minnie and Daisy some of the Disney Characters that were in ''Kingdom Hearts'' are returning with additional characters from their movies namely Meg, Pegasus, Pain, Panic and the Hydra from Hercules. Lumiere, Cogsworth, Mrs. Potts, Chip and the Wardrobe from Beauty and the Beast. The Sultan and the Peddler from Aladdin. And the rest of the main cast from Mulan.

==Final Fantasy cameos==
At least eight characters from the ''[[Final Fantasy]]'' series will appear. [[Auron]] of ''[[Final Fantasy X]]'' has been confirmed to appear as a party member in Hercules' world. Selphie and Leon (Squall) of ''[[Final Fantasy VIII]]'' and Cloud Strife as depicted in [[Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children]] are reported to return as cameos. Seifer, Fujin, and Raijin--also from ''[[Final Fantasy VIII]]''--will also be present in the game. It is assumed that, since Selphie is seen, Tidus and Wakka from [[Final Fantasy X]] will appear as well. It's also assumed that Yuffie, Aerith, and Cid from [[Final Fantasy VII]] will appear because of Squall's presence in the game. Other Final Fantasy characters that are rumoured to appear are Yuna from [[Final Fantasy X]] and Vincent Valentine and Sephiroth from [[Final Fantasy VII]].

==Voice Cast==

===English, '''tentative'''===
'''Note that these are subject to change at a moment's notice. The list you see here may not be the correct list for the final product.'''
*[[Haley Joel Osment]] ... as Sora
*[[Tony Anselmo]] ... as Donald Duck
*[[Bill Farmer]] ... as Goofy
*[[David Gallagher]] ... as Riku
*[[Eddie Carroll]] ... as Jiminy Cricket
*[[Wayne Allwine]] ... as Mickey Mouse
*[[Jim Cummings]] ... as Pete
*[[Hayden Panettiere]] ... as Kairi
*[[David Boreanaz]] ... as Leon ([[Squall Leonhart]])
*[[Steve Burton]] ... as [[Cloud Strife]]
*[[Molly Keck]] ... as [[Selphie Tilmitt|Selphie]]
*[[Christy Carlson Romano]]... as [[Yuffie]]
*[[Mandy Moore]]... as [[Aerith Gainsbourg|Aerith]]
*[[Sean Astin]] ... as Hercules
*[[Susan Egan]] ... as Megara
*[[Robert Castanzo]] ... as Philoctetes
*[[James Woods]] ... as Hades
*[[Bob Goldthwait]] ... as Pain
*[[Matt Frewer]] .... as Panic
*[[Matt Mckenzie]] ... as Auron
*[[Robby Benson]] ... as Beast
*[[Paige O'Hara]] ... as Belle
*[[David Ogden Stiers]]... as Cogsworth
*[[Angela Lansbury]]... as Mrs. Potts
*[[Bradley Pierce]]... as Chip
*[[Scott Weinger]] ... as Aladdin
*[[Jonathan Freeman]] ... as Jafar
*[[Linda Larkin]] ... as Jasmine
*[[Dan Castellaneta]] ... as Genie
*[[Gilbert Gottfried]] ... as Iago
*[[Frank Welker]]... as Abu
*[[Val Bettin]]... as the Sultan
*[[Ming-Na]] ... as Mulan
*[[Eddie Murphy]] ... as Mushu
*[[B.D. Wong]] ... as Shang
*[[Harvey Fierstein]] ...as Yao
*[[Gedde Watanabe]] ...as Ling
*[[Jerry Tondo]] ...as Chien Po
*[[Miguel Ferrer]] ... as Shan Yu
*[[Pat Morita]]... as the Emperor
*[[Chris Sarandon]] ... as Jack Skellington
*[[Ken Page]] ... as Oogie Boogie
*[[Jess Harnell]].. as Dr. Finklestein
*[[Johnny Depp]]...Captain Jack Sparrow
*[[Keira Knightley]]...Elizabeth Swann
*[[Orlando Bloom]]...William Turner
*[[Geoffrey Rush]]...as Captain Barbossa
*[[Russi Taylor]]... as Minnie Mouse
*[[Tress MacNeille]]... as Daisy Duck, Chip, Dale
*[[Jodi Benson]] ... as Ariel
*[[Kenneth Mars]] ... as King Triton
*[[Pat Carrol]] ... as Ursula
*[[Eli Russell Linnetz]] ... as Flounder
*[[Corey Burton]] ... as Flotsem, Jetsem
*[[Billy Zane]]... as [[Ansem]]/DiZ

===Japanese, '''tentative'''===
*[[Miyu Irino]] ... as Sora
*[[Koichi Yamadera]] ... as Donald Duck, Genie, Mushu, Beast
*[[Yutaka Shimaka]] ... as Goofy
*[[Kaneta Kimotsuki]] ... as Jiminy Cricket
*[[Mamoru Miyano]] ... as Riku
*[[Yakashi Aoyagi]] ... as Mickey Mouse
*[[Toru Ohira]] ... as Pete
*[[Risa Uchida]] ... as Kairi
*[[Keiji Fujiwara]] ... as Axel
*[[Hideo Ishikawa]] ... as Leon, Auron
*[[Takahiro Sakurai]] ... as Cloud Strife
*[[Mayuko Aoki]] ... as Selphie
*[[Yasunori Matsumoto]] ... as Hercules
*[[Ichiro Nagai]] ... as Philoctetes
*[[Shinichiro Miki]] ... as Aladdin
*[[Akira Takarada]] ... as Jafar
*[[Akira Kamiya]] ... as Iago
*[[Masachika Ichimura]] ... as Jack Skellington
*[[Hiroshi Hatanaka]] ... as Oogie Boogie
*[[Hiroaki Hirata]] ... Captain Jack Sparrow
*[[Yuko Mizutani]] ... as Minnie Mouse
*[[Mika Doi]] ... as Daisy Duck
*[[Mayumi Suzuki]] ... as Ariel
*[[Akio Otsuka]] ... as Ansem/DiZ

==Theme song==
The theme song, ''passion'', is performed by [[Utada Hikaru]].

''passion'' will tie in closely with the game's story, [http://www.rpgfan.com/news/2005/1701.html as Tetsuya Nomura has stated].

==External links==
* [http://www.square-enix.co.jp/kingdom2 Kingdom Hearts 2 Official Japanese Site of Square-Enix]
* [http://buenavistagames.go.com/product/kingdomHeartsPS2.html Buena Vista Games' Official English Kingdom Hearts 2 Site]
* [http://www.disney.co.jp/interactive/kingdom/2.html Official Japanese Site of Disney Interactive]
* [http://ps2.ign.com/objects/550/550308.html IGN Kingdom Hearts II Page]
* [http://www.gamespot.com/ps2/rpg/kingdomhearts2/ Gamespot Kingdom Hearts II Page]
* [http://www.kh2.co.uk/ Kingdom Hearts Ultimania]
* [http://www.khinsider.com/ KHInsider]

{| align="center" cellspacing="0" class="toccolours" style="clear:both;text-align:center"
|-
|| Previous game in series:
||
|| Next game in series:
|-
| style="background:#ccf;" width="33%"| '''''[[Kingdom Hearts: Chain of Memories]]'''''
| width="33%" | '''Kingdom Hearts II'''
| style="background:#ccf;" |
|}

{{FinalFantasy series}}

[[Category:Computer and video role-playing games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 2 games]]
[[Category:Final Fantasy spin-offs]]
[[Category:2005 computer and video games]]
[[Category:Square Enix games]]

Tief wie der Ozean

2005-07-12T17:50:00Z

Wikibofh: fix wikiformatting

''The Deep End of the Ocean'' is the title of a [[1999]] film about an American middle class, suburbia family that is torn apart when the youngest son is kidnapped and raised by a mentally ill woman, until he appears at the frontdoor step of his real mother and asks if he can mow the lawn. The film is based on a [[1996]] best-selling novel of the same name written by Jacquelyn Mitchard.

===Storyline===

{{spoiler}}

Wisconsin photographer and housewife ''Beth Cappadora'' ([[Michelle Pfeiffer]]) leaves her youngest son, named ''Ben'' alone with his older brother for a brief moment at a Chicago hotel, while attending her high school reunion. The oldest son lets go and Ben vanishes without a trace and an extensive search is assumed to be gone for all time. Beth goes into an extended mental breakdown and it is left to her husaband and owner of a resturant ''Pat'' ([[Treat Williams]]) to force his wife to robotically care for their remaining two children; 7-year-old ''Vincent'' and infant daughter ''Kerry''. Nine years pass, and the Cappadoras family is still together and moves to Chicago and on the outside seems to have gotten over their grief. However, in the process Pat has never attempted to balance her husband's authoritarian nature and Vincent becomes the rebellious teenager that lashes out due to his own guilt, and frustation that his mother stop parenting and his father has kept the family together by assuming the role of the angry general.

One day, a neighborhood boy named ''Ben'' rings the doorbell and asks ''Beth'' if she needs the lawn mowed. Beth suspects that this boy is in fact her lost son, and while Ben mows the lawn, she takes photographs of him to show to her husband and teenager son (who says that he suspected all along). The parents contact ''Detective Candy Bliss'' ([[Whoopi Goldberg]]) who plays a black, gay woman that pops in to offer wise, albeit often cryptic and often conflicting advice to Beth. Soon it is found out that at the college reunion one of the female alumni, unable to have children on her own and suffering from some type of mental illness simply told her husband that the baby was hers and they raised the child as ''Sam'' with her husband named '' ([[]]) in a [[Jewish]]] middle class family. Ben or Sam is reunited with his biological Catholic American family, even through he and they are strangers to each other.

He is not the same boy that his parents envished him as, Vincent both treats him like a stranger while covering up for nightly runaways to the father that he knows.

International Taekwon-Do Federation

2005-06-25T22:10:54Z

Wikibofh: remove comment on "only as a sport" as I'm sure WTF supporters would consider it POV

[[Image:International_Taekwondo_Federation_logo.jpg | right |thumb]]
One of the two major [[Taekwondo]] organisations, the other being the [[World Taekwondo Federation]] or WTF. The '''International Taekwondo Federation''' ('''ITF''') was founded on [[March 22]], [[1966]], by General [[Choi Hong Hi]], who developed Taekwondo, to promote the teaching of this [[martial art]].

At that time, nine countries were involved: [[Korea]], [[Vietnam]], [[Malaysia]], [[Singapore]], [[West Germany]], [[USA]], [[Turkey]], [[Italy]], and [[Egypt]]. Taekwon-Do is now taught in almost every country in the world, and General Choi is recognized as the father of ITF Taekwondo.

ITF Taekwon-Do is dedicated to promoting and preserving Taekwon-Do in its original form, as a martial art and self defence.

When General Choi died on the [[June 15]] [[2002]], there was a political split between the different Masters within TaeKwon-Do, the creation of two ITF groups was the result. General Choi's son, Master Choi Jung Hwa, is currently the head of the main ITF group, based in Canada.

==Patterns==
Patterns or forms (equivalent to the [[kata]] in [[karate]]) are considered by many to be one of the most important aspects of training in Taekwondo. The patterns practised by members of the ITF are very different from those performed by the WTF, forming one of the major differences between the two styles.

There are 24 patterns (틀) in the official ITF syllabus, all of which were developed by General Choi. The names of these patterns typically refer to a patriotic instance or person of Korean history. They are as follows

* [[Chon-Ji]] (천지/天地)
* [[Dan-Gun]] (단군/檀君)
* [[Dosan Ahn Chang-Ho|Do-San]] (도산/島山)
* [[Wonhyo]] (원효/元曉)
* [[Yulgok|Yul-Gok]] (율곡/栗谷)
* [[Hirobumi Ito|Joong-Gun]] (중근/重根)
* [[Yi Hwang|Toi-Gye]] (퇴계/退溪)
* [[Hwarang|Hwa-Rang]] (화랑/花郎)
* [[Yi Sun-sin|Choong-Moo]] (충무/忠武)
* [[Emperor Gwanggaeto the Great of Goguryeo|Kwang-Gae]] (광개/廣開)
* [[Chong Mong-Chu|Po-Eun]] (포은/圃隱)
* [[Ge-Baek]] (계백/階伯)
* [[Son Byong-Hi|Eui-Am]] (의암/義菴)
* [[Kim Dukryung|Choong-Jang]] (충장/忠壯)
* [[Juche]] (주체/主體)
* [[March 1st Movement|Sam-il]] (삼일/三一)
* [[Kim Yoo-Shin|Yoo-Sin]] (유신/庾信)
* [[Choi Yong|Choi-Yong]] (최영/崔榮)
* [[Yongae Somoon|Yong-Gae]] (연개/淵蓋)
* [[Ulji Moonduk|Ul-Ji]] (을지/乙支)
* [[Munmu of Silla|Moon-Moo]] (문무/文武)
* [[Seosan|So-San]] (서산/西山)
* [[Sejong|Se-Jong]] (세종/世宗)
* [[Unification of Korea|Tong-Il]] (통일/統一)

Originally there was another pattern called [[Kodang]] but this has been replaced by Juche in the current official syllabus of the ITF.

==External links==
*[http://www.itf-admin.com/ first official website]
*[http://www.internationaltaekwon-dofederation.com/ second official wesite]
*[http://www.tkd-itf.org/ third official webstie]

[[Category:Martial arts organizations]]

Lindisfarne (Tasmanien)

2005-06-20T22:50:41Z

Wikibofh: rv nonsense by 203.52.130.139

'''Lindisfarne''' is a suburb of [[Hobart]]'s Eastern Shore, located approximately 6 kilometres from the City Centre.

{{Australia-geo-stub}}
[[Category:Hobart suburbs]]

Gary Lockwood

2005-06-07T21:11:53Z

Wikibofh: del extra blank lines

'''Gary Lockwood''' (born '''John Gary Yusolfsky''' on [[February 21]], [[1937]] in [[Van Nuys, California]]) is an [[United States|American]] actor.

Lockwood is probably best known for his role as [[astronaut]] Dr. Frank Poole in ''[[2001: A Space Odyssey]]'' ([[1968]]).

Lockwood's notable television work includes playing Lt. Commander Gary Mitchell in "[[Where No Man Has Gone Before]]", the first episode of ''[[Star Trek: The Original Series|Star Trek]]''. He also co-starred with his then-wife [[Stefanie Powers]] in an episode of ''[[Love, American Style]]'' in which he got his mouth stuck on a doorknob.

{{US-actor-stub}}

[[Category:1937 births|Lockwood, Gary]]
[[Category:American actors|Lockwood, Gary]]
[[Category:Star Trek actors|Lockwood, Gary]]
[[Category:Television actors|Lockwood, Gary]]
[[Category:Cinema actors|Lockwood, Gary]]
[[Category:People from California|Lockwood, Gary]]

Lafayette College

2005-06-04T23:54:50Z

Wikibofh: /* Sports */ fix format

[[Image:LafayetteCollegeTheQuad.JPG|thumb|The Quad is the center of Lafayette College.]]
[[Image:South College at Lafayette College.jpg|thumb|The South College building is currently being used as a dormitory.]]
[[Image:Kirby Hall of Civil Rights library at Lafayette College.jpg|thumb|The library in the Kirby Hall of Civil Rights building]]
[[Image:Image008.jpg|thumb|right|WJRH Studio]]
'''Lafayette College''', located in [[Easton, Pennsylvania]] in [[Pennsylvania]]'s [[Lehigh Valley]], is an independent, undergraduate, coeducational, residential institution.

==History==
Lafayette was founded in [[1826]] by citizens of Easton led by local lawyers James Madison Porter, Joel Jones ([[Yale]]), and an amateur botanist and mineralogist Jacob Wagener.

The initial prospectus called for a college "combining a course of practical Military Science with the course of Literature and General Science pursued in the Colleges of our Country."

Porter had met the French [[Revolutionary War]] hero [[Marquis de Lafayette]] during his farewell tour of America, and urged that they name the new college for him as "a testimony of respect for (his) talents, virtues, and signal services .... the great cause of freedom."

The governor of Pennsylvania signed the new college's charter on [[March 9]], [[1826]]. But it was not until [[1832]] that the Rev. George Junkin took up the charter and moved the curriculum and student body of the Manual Labor Academy of Pennsylvania from [[Germantown, Pennsylvania]].

[[Francis March]] taught at Lafayette, and became the first superintendant of the [[Oxford English Dictionary]]'s American reading programme.

[[Alpha Phi Omega]] National Service Fraternity was founded in [[1925]] at Lafayette College by [[Frank Reed Horton]].

[[As of 2004]], Lafayette has more than 2300 students.

==WJRH 104.9FM==
The campus radio station, WJRH 104.9FM, first established licensure with the [[Federal Communications Commission]] (FCC) in 1946, broadcasting under a Class D educational license on 90.5 FM. As [[FM]] frequencies grew in demand, the FCC mandated that stations operating in the frequency range currently provided to WJRH increase their power to serve larger audiences. Since WJRH was only to serve the Lafayette community, it was decided to give the frequency to another facility and relocate to its current home frequency, 104.9. WJRH alumnus have become influential individuals in the broadcasting field, ranging from Engineering Directors for networks such as the [[American Broadcasting Company]] ([[ABC]]), to public broadcasting policy makers.

The station is constantly being upgraded with the latest broadcasting technology; as well as organizational changes. Several additions have included the relaunch of WJRH Broadband (a live [[Windows Media Player]] stream available to Lafayette students) and [http://ww2.lafayette.edu/~wjrh/podcastdatabase.htm WJRH PC] (an online database of MP3 [[Podcasts]] of select shows as part of an overall website renovation).

Over the past couple years there has been a drive for select student broadcasters to DJ parties on campus. This has been met with great approval by students.

WJRH has been housed for over 30 years in its current location, Hogg Hall.

Website: http://www.lafayette.edu/~wjrh

==Greek Organizations==
*[[Alpha Gamma Delta]] sorority
*[[Alpha Phi]] sorority
*[[Delta Delta Delta]] sorority
*[[Delta Kappa Epsilon]] fraternity
*[[Delta Upsilon]] fraternity
*[[Kappa Delta Rho]] fraternity
*[[Kappa Kappa Gamma]] sorority
*[[Phi Gamma Delta]] fraternity
*[[Phi Kappa Psi]] fraternity
*[[Pi Beta Phi]] sorority
*[[Zeta Psi]] sorority

==Notable alumni==
* [[Joseph F. Crater]], Class of [[1910]] - Associate Justice of New York Supreme Court; object of famous, unsolved disappearance case from [[1930]]
* [[Philip S. Hench]], Class of [[1916]] - [[1950]] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* [[Haldan K. Hartline]], Class of [[1923]] - [[1967]] Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine
* [[William E. Simon]], Class of [[1952]] - "Energy Czar" under President [[Richard Nixon]]; former President of U.S. Olympic Committee
* [[Joel Silver]], Class of [[1974]] - head of Hollywood's Silver Pictures and producer of [[The Matrix]] Trilogy; while attending Lafayette, he helped form the first collegiate [[Ultimate Frisbee]] club (in [[1970]])

==Other notable attendees==
* [[Stephen Crane]], author of "The Red Badge of Courage" - attended for one semester
* [[Theodore Roethke]], poet

==Sports==
* '''Affiliation:''' [[NCAA]] [[Division I-AA]]
* '''Conference:''' [[Patriot League]]
* '''Team name:''' Leopards
* '''Team colors:''' Maroon and white
* '''Championships:''' Football: 1994, 2004

==External links==
* [http://www.lafayette.edu/ Lafayette College]
* [http://goleopards.collegesports.com/ Official Athletic Site of the Lafayette College Leopards]

[[Category:Universities and colleges in Pennsylvania]]
{{Patriot_League}}