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Tayna

2020-01-23T23:27:24Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 84.210.66.115 (talk) to last version by 89.217.15.146

{{Use dmy dates|date=February 2019}}
{{EngvarB|date=February 2019}}
{{Infobox person
| name = Tayna
| image =
| caption =
| birth_name = Doruntina Shala
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1996|12|14}}
| birth_place = [[Prizren]], [[Kosovo]]
| height = 1.74 m
| occupation = {{flatlist|
* Rapper
* Singer
* songwriter
}}
| years_active = 2017–present
| home_town = [[Pristina]], [[Kosovo]]
| relatives =
| awards =
| module = {{Infobox musical artist |embed=yes
| background = solo_singer
| instrument = Vocals
| genre = {{flatlist|
* [[Hip hop music|Hip Hop]]
}}
| label = Friends Entertainment
| associated_acts = [[Dafina Zeqiri]], Ledri Vula, [[Don Phenom]]
| website =
}}
| Discography = 2018: Columbiana ft. Don Phenom
2018: Shqipe
2018: Fake
2018: Doruntina
2018: Aje ft. Ledri Vula
2019: Ring Ring
2019: Kce
2019: Caliente
2019: Pasite ft. Mc Kresha & Lyrical Son
2019: Bye Bye ft Dafina Zeqiri
2019: Sicko
2019: Freestyle
2019: Sorry
}}

'''Doruntina Shala''' (born December 14 ,1996), known professionally as '''Tayna''', is a [[Kosovo Albanians|Kosovo Albanian]] rapper, singer, songwriter. Born in [[Prizren]], [[Kosovo]], she became one of the most successful artists in the [[Balkans]] and went viral for a short period of time.

==Early life==
'''Tayna''' was born on 14 December 1996 in [[Rugova e hasit]], [[Kosovo]] to [[Albanians|Albanian]] parents.<ref>{{cite web |title=Tayna|url=https://www.teksteshqip.com/tayna/biografia|language=Albanian}}</ref>
<ref>{{cite web |title=A e dini se si quhet në të vërtetë Tayna|url=http://rtv21.tv/a-e-dini-se-si-quhet-ne-te-vertete-tayna/|language=Albanian}}</ref>.

==Career==
Tayna became very famous in 2018 with the song'' Columbiana'' in collaboration with Don Phenom. She is also known today outside Albanian lands where she is also required in nightclubs in [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]] and so on. She already has 9 songs and is on the label called Friends Entertainment with management of Rinor Hykolli. She comes from [[Prizren]] and now lives in [[Pristina]]. Before the entry into the Albanian market she published the video clip "Cried All Saints/Wild Thoughts (Mashup)". She also sang at the Sunny Hill Festival in Pristina, Kosovo, which was held in August 2018, where she performed with the songs ''Columbiana'' and ''Shqipe''. Tayna is today much sought after by nightclubs, youth venues, and even big festivals. She also collaborates with Kosovo artist Ledri Vula. She asserts that their songs and melodic lines are made by her own. Tayna also won the 2018 Prive "year sensation" Award by qualifying as the First Prize in her Career. Doruntina Shala sings Beyonce's "Ring The Alarm" song and Jhene Aiko's "The Worst" song.<ref>{{cite web |title=Ç’duhet të dini për Tayna-n, duke nisur nga emri i saj!
|url=https://www.anabelmagazine.com/artikull/35669/what-should-you-know-about-tayna-starting-with-her-name/|language=Albanian}}</ref> From June 2018, Tayna is the official Prince caffe image. She held an open concert in the Pristina's amphitheater where she performed with all of her songs. The concert filled the whole Zahir Pajaziti square. Tayna is always performing in Kosovo, Albania, Germany, Switzerland etc.

==Singles==
* Columbiana ft. Don Phenom (2018)
* Shqipe (2018)
* Fake (2018)
* Doruntina (2018)
* Pow Pow (2018)
* Aje ft. Ledri Vula (2018)
* Ring Ring (2019)
* Kce (2019)
* Caliente ft . Cricket (2019)
* Pasite ft. Mc Kresha & Lyrical Son (2019)
* Bye Bye ft. Dafina Zeqiri (2019)
* Sicko (2019)
* Freestyle (2019)
* Sorry (2019)

==Personal life==
She currently resides in [[Pristina]], [[Kosovo]]. Tayna has a Bachelor degree in Computer Sciences (CSE). She looks forward to other projects.

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:1986 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Kosovan people of Albanian descent]]
[[Category:Albanian female singers]]
[[Category:People from Prizren]]

Lidia Thorpe

2020-01-01T07:23:21Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 58.108.51.65 (talk) to last version by AllenY99

{{short description|Australian politician}}
{{Use Australian English|date=November 2017}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox AM
|honorific prefix =
| image = MP_Lidia_Thorpe.png
| name = Lidia Thorpe
| honorific-suffix =
| assembly = Victorian Legislative
| constituency_AM = [[Electoral district of Northcote|Northcote]]
| majority =
| term_start = 18 November 2017
| term_end = 24 November 2018
| spouse =
| party = [[Australian Greens Victoria|Greens]]
| predecessor = [[Fiona Richardson]]
| successor = [[Kat Theophanous]]
| birth_date = {{Birth year and age|1973}}
| birth_place =
| alma_mater =
| website = {{URL|http://lidiathorpe.com}}
}}
'''Lidia Alma Thorpe''' (born 1973)<ref name="birthyear">{{cite news|last1=Wahlquist|first1=Calla|title=Lidia Thorpe 'finds her voice', the first Indigenous woman to do so in Victorian parliament|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/29/lidia-thorpe-finds-her-voice-the-first-indigenous-woman-to-do-so-in-victorian-parliament|accessdate=8 February 2018|work=The Guardian|date=29 November 2017|language=en}}</ref> is an Australian former politician. She was the member for [[Electoral district of Northcote|Northcote]] in the [[Victorian Legislative Assembly]] from 2017 to 2018 and is a member of the [[Australian Greens Victoria|Victorian Greens]]. Thorpe won the [[2017 Northcote state by-election|Northcote state by-election]] on 18 November 2017 to become the first [[Aboriginal Australians|Aboriginal]] woman elected to the [[Parliament of Victoria]].<ref name="The Guardian - 19 November 2019 - Northcote byelection: Greens' Lidia Thorpe takes Melbourne seat from Labor">{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2017/nov/19/northcote-byelection-greens-lidia-thorpe-takes-melbourne-seat-from-labor|title=Northcote byelection: Greens' Lidia Thorpe takes Melbourne seat from Labor|last=Raue|first=Ben|date=19 November 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|accessdate=19 November 2017}}</ref>

==Early career==
Thorpe, a [[Gunnai]]-[[Gunditjmara]] woman, was the managing director of Clan Corporation, a sustainable housing and renewable energy business catering to remote Aboriginal communities. She was also the chair of the Victorian [[NAIDOC]] Committee.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/elections/northcote-by-election-2017|last=Green|first=Antony|authorlink=Antony Green|title=Northcote by-election|publisher=[[Australian Broadcasting Corporation]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/northcote-byelection-greens-pick-their-woman-for-key-battle-of-the-north-20170911-gyez5c.html|title=Northcote by-election: Greens pick their woman for key battle of the north|last1=Towell|first1=Noel|last2=Preiss|first2=Benjamin|newspaper=[[The Age]]|date=11 September 2017}}</ref> Thorpe has also worked as the Aboriginal employment adviser for the Municipal Association of Victoria, was president of the Lakes Entrance Basketball Association for three years, school council member of the Nowa Nowa Primary School, a steering committee member for Indigenous Administrators, a member of Community of Practice, a member of the Institute of Public Administration Australia (Victoria), and a project manager with the East Gippsland Shire Council, where she addressed disadvantage in Lakes Entrance through the Advancing Country Towns Project.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indigenousfellowship.net.au/emerging-leaders/lidia-thorpe/|title=Lidia Thorpe: Emerging Leader 2008 - 2009|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref>

Thorpe's grandmother, [[Alma Thorpe]], was one of the founders of the Victorian Aboriginal Health Service.<ref name=2011_Vic_AHR>{{Cite web|url=https://www.vic.gov.au/aboriginalvictoria/community-engagement/leadership-programs/aboriginal-honour-roll/2011-victorian-aboriginal-honour-roll/alma-thorpe.html|title=2011 Victorian Aboriginal Honour Roll - Alma Thorpe|date=2012|publisher=State Government of Victoria|access-date=2017-12-06}}
</ref><ref>[http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/new-greens-mp-lidia-thorpes-long-road-from-nowa-nowa-to-northcote-20171119-gzodm6.html New Greens MP Lidia Thorpe's long road from Nowa Nowa to Northcote], ''The Age'', 19 November 2017.</ref>

==Political career==
Thorpe won the seat of Northcote at the 2017 by-election after receiving 45.22% of the primary vote, giving her a winning distribution of 50.93%, 11% more than the Labor candidate.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vec.vic.gov.au/Results/State2017/NorthcoteDistrict.html|title=Northcote District By-election 2017 : Northcote District|work=VEC|accessdate=9 August 2018}}</ref>
Thorpe was sworn in as a member of parliament on 28 November 2017 and she delivered her first speech to the Assembly the following day.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/first-aboriginal-woman-mp-lidia-thorpe-speaks-of-genocide-lingering-disadvantage-20171129-gzv2ms.html|title=State's first Aboriginal woman MP Lidia Thorpe speaks of genocide, lingering disadvantage|work=The Age|date=29 November 2017}}</ref>

Thorpe was the [[Australian Greens Victoria]] portfolio holder for Aboriginal Justice, Consumer Affairs, Skills and Training, Sport and Mental Health.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://greens.org.au/vic/person/lidia-thorpe|title=Lidia Thorpe MLA for Northcote|work=The Greens Victoria|accessdate=9 August 2018}}</ref>

Since taking her seat in the Victorian Legislative Assembly, Thorpe held Labor to account on the many promises they made during the Northcote by-election. This includes honouring the promises of funding to schools in Northcote, Alphington, Thornbury and Preston;<ref>{{cite web|url=https://greens.org.au/vic/news/speech/schools-still-neglected-northcote-and-thronbury|title=Schools still neglected in Northcote and Thornbury|work=The Greens Victoria|accessdate=9 August 2018}}</ref> and reforms to renter's rights.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://greens.org.au/vic/news/media-release/rental-reform-could-come-too-late|title=Rental reforms could come too late|work=The Greens Victoria|accessdate=9 August 2018}}</ref>

In May 2018 Thorpe organised a historic gathering of Aboriginal Elders in the parliament of Victoria to discuss the state's treaty processes. The meeting was organised as part of Thorpe's campaign to implement clan-based treaties, which would recognise the approximately 100 Aboriginal clans in Victoria. At the time Thorpe said "Our sovereignty and each of our language groups and our Clans must be clearly recognised in the government's treaty advancement legislation."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/nitv-news/article/2018/05/14/victorian-elders-call-clan-based-treaties-and-more-inclusion-process|title=Victorian Elders call for Clan-based treaties and more inclusion in process|work=NITV|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref> The delegation of Clan Elders unanimously agreed to form an Elder's Council. Thorpe supported the Victorian government's 2018 Treaty bill, but stated that she would continue to push for clan sovereignty to be recognised as the Treaty process advances.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theage.com.au/politics/victoria/victoria-passes-aboriginal-treaty-bill-20180621-p4zmzz.html|title=Victoria passes Aboriginal treaty bill|work=The Age|accessdate=15 August 2018}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist|40em}}

==External links==
*{{Official|http://lidiathorpe.com}}
*[https://www.facebook.com/lidiathorpe/ Facebook]
*[https://twitter.com/lidiathorpemp Twitter]
*[https://www.parliament.vic.gov.au/about/people-in-parliament/members-search/list-greens-members/details/22/342 Parliament Profile]
*[https://indigenousx.com.au/daniel-james-lidia-thorpe-member-for-northcote/ IndigenousX]
*[http://indigenousfellowship.net.au/emerging-leaders/lidia-thorpe/ Fellowship for Indigenous Leadership]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|au-vic-la}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Fiona Richardson]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member for [[Electoral district of Northcote|Northcote]]|years=2017–2018}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Kat Theophanous]]}}
{{s-end}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Thorpe, Lidia}}
[[Category:1973 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly]]
[[Category:Australian Greens members of the Parliament of Victoria]]
[[Category:Indigenous Australian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Australian politicians]]
[[Category:Australian indigenous rights activists]]
[[Category:Women members of the Victorian Legislative Assembly]]

Archive Team

2019-05-16T21:54:06Z

Theinstantmatrix: break lines of lots of refs - adding excessive citation on one of them

[[File:Archive Team logo.png|thumb|right|Archive Team logo]]
'''Archive Team''' is a group dedicated to [[digital preservation]] and [[web archiving]] that was founded by [[Jason Scott]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Team Archive is GO|last=Scott|first=Jason|publisher=ASCII by Jason Scott|url=http://ascii.textfiles.com/archives/1664|date=January 6, 2009|access-date=December 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161102224557/http://ascii.textfiles.com/archives/1664|archive-date=2016-11-02|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Revision history of "Main Page"|publisher=Archive Team|url=http://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history|access-date=December 30, 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075159/http://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history|archive-date=2016-12-31|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref>

Its primary focus is the copying and preservation of content housed by at-risk online services. Some of its projects include the partial preservation of [[GeoCities]],<ref>{{Cite magazine|title=Geocities Lives On as Massive Torrent Download|last=Gilbertson|first=Scott|magazine=Wired|url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/11/geocities-lives-on-as-massive-torrent-download/|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744WKAy2?url=http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/11/geocities-lives-on-as-massive-torrent-download/|date=2010-11-01|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Web 0.2 archivists save Geocities from deletion|last=Modine|first=Austin|website=The Register|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/28/geocities_preservation/|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744REJO8?url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/28/geocities_preservation/|date=2009-04-28|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref> [[Yahoo! Video]], [[Google Video]], [[:it:Splinder|Splinder]], [[Friendster]], [[FortuneCity]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=The 'Archive Team' Rescues User Content From Doomed Sites|last=Sullivan|first=Mark|magazine=PC World|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/253672/the_archive_team_rescues_user_content_from_doomed_sites.html|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67440lW4b?url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/253672/the_archive_team_rescues_user_content_from_doomed_sites.html|date=2012-04-13|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Fire in the Library|last=Schwartz|first=Matt|magazine=Technology Review|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/web/39317/|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67448ktjF?url=http://www.technologyreview.com/web/39317/|date=January 2012|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Archive Team|last1=Garfield|first1=Bob|last2=Scott|first2=Jason|work=OnTheMedia|url=http://www.onthemedia.org/2012/mar/23/archive-team/|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744EGM0q?url=http://www.onthemedia.org/2012/mar/23/archive-team/|date=2012-03-23|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Historic Archive Of Websites From The January 18th SOPA Blackout|last=Masnick|first=Mike|website=Techdirt|url=http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120410/23092818446/historic-archive-websites-january-18th-sopa-blackout.shtml|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744H24m0?url=http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120410/23092818446/historic-archive-websites-january-18th-sopa-blackout.shtml|date=2012-04-12|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Click: The Archive Team - Jason Scott talks about his mission to salvage our digital heritage|last=Scott|first=Jason|publisher=BBC|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00przc2|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744M5iYY?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00przc2|date=2012-03-06|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=The Archive Team|last1=Morton|first1=Simon|last2=Scott|first2=Jason|work=RadioNZ|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/thiswayup/audio/2511595/the-archive-team|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744OwRU6?url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/thiswayup/audio/2511595/the-archive-team|date=2012-03-03|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Full Interview: Jason Scott on online video and digital heritage|last=Misener|first=Dan|publisher=CBC|url=http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2011/04/full-interview-jason-scott-on-online-video-and-digital-heritage/|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744TasTv?url=http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2011/04/full-interview-jason-scott-on-online-video-and-digital-heritage/|date=2011-04-29|archive-date=2012-04-20}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|title=Amateur heroes of online heritage|last=Paul-Choudhury|first=Sumit|magazine=New Scientist|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20396-digital-legacy-amateur-heroes-of-online-heritage.html|dead-url=no|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6WtiEhK9B?url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20396-digital-legacy-amateur-heroes-of-online-heritage.html|date=May 6, 2011|access-date=March 9, 2015|archive-date=March 9, 2015}}</ref>{{Excessive citations inline|date=May 2019}} [[TwitPic]],<ref>{{Cite web|title=TwitPic - Archiveteam|url=http://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=TwitPic|access-date=2014-09-17|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140909075441/http://archiveteam.org/index.php?title=TwitPic|archive-date=2014-09-09|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> [[SoundCloud]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/17/15986952/archive-team-back-up-soundcloud-warrior-project|title=Archive Team promises to back up SoundCloud amid worries of a shutdown|publisher=|date=2017-07-18|access-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021192516/https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/17/15986952/archive-team-back-up-soundcloud-warrior-project|archive-date=2018-10-21|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> and the "[[Aaron Swartz]] Memorial JSTOR Liberator".<ref>{{Cite web|title=Aaron Swartz Memorial JSTOR Liberator sets public domain academic articles free|url=https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/01/aaron-swartz-memorial-jstor-liberator-sets-public-domain-academic-articles-free/|date=2013-01-15|access-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20180323224110/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/01/aaron-swartz-memorial-jstor-liberator-sets-public-domain-academic-articles-free/|archive-date=2018-03-23|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Archive Team also archives [[URL shortener]] services<ref>{{Cite web|title=url shortening was a fucking awful idea|work=URLTE.AM|url=http://urlte.am/| dead-url=no|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110611023208/http://urlte.am/|archive-date=2011-06-11}}</ref> and [[wikis]]<ref>[https://github.com/WikiTeam/wikiteam WikiTeam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210004433/https://github.com/WikiTeam/wikiteam|date=2016-02-10}} - We archive wikis, from Wikipedia to tiniest wikis</ref> on a regular basis.

According to [[Jason Scott Sadofsky|Jason Scott]], "Archive Team was started out of anger and a feeling of powerlessness, this feeling that we were letting companies decide for us what was going to survive and what was going to die."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Open Source Bridge 2012 Keynote - Jason Scott|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=1242s|access-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914044651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=1242s#t=1242s|archive-date=2017-09-14|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref> Scott continues, "it's not our job to figure out what's valuable, to figure out what's meaningful. We work by three virtues: [[Rage (emotion)|rage]], [[paranoia]] and [[kleptomania]]."<ref>{{Cite web|title=Open Source Bridge 2012 Keynote - Jason Scott|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=703s|access-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170914044651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=703s#t=703s|archive-date=2017-09-14|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref>

== Warrior/Tracker system ==
Archive Team is composed of a loose community of independent contributors/users. According to their institutional [[wiki]], their archival process makes use of a [https://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=ArchiveTeam_Warrior Warrior], a [[virtual machine]] environment that individual users upload downloaded sites to.<ref>https://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=ArchiveTeam_Warrior</ref> The user will run a virtual machine on their individual machine (regardless of [[Operating System]], download a site, and the warrior virtual machine will then incorporate the archived site to the Archive Team repository hosted by [[The Internet Archive]]. The warrior works in conjunction with software called the [https://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Tracker Tracker]<ref>https://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Tracker</ref>. This software tracks progress and projects via a user/project leader board. The tracker also is responsible for delegation of projects to the warrior and the users.

== Projects ==
[[Google Plus]] has been the [https://www.archiveteam.org/index.php/Largest_projects biggest project] of ArchiveTeam as of May 2019 with a size of over 1.56 [[Petabyte]]s.<ref name=GPlus>[https://www.archiveteam.org/index.php/Google_Plus Google Plus on ArchiveTeam Wiki.]</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Digital Dark Age]]
* [[Internet Archive]]
* [[Wayback Machine]]
* [[Web archiving]]
* [[List of digital preservation initiatives]]
* [[Digital hoarding]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{official|http://www.archiveteam.org}}
* [https://archive.org/details/archiveteam Archive Team collection] at Internet Archive
* {{Twitter}}
* {{YouTube|id=-2ZTmuX3cog|title=ARCHIVE TEAM: A Distributed Preservation of Service Attack}}
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/ArchiveTeam ArchiveTeam subreddit]

{{Jason Scott}}

[[Category:Conservation and restoration]]
[[Category:Jason Scott]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2009]]
[[Category:Web archiving]]
[[Category:Web archiving initiatives]]

{{web-stub}}

Immer Ärger mit dem Hasen

2019-04-11T16:14:40Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 168.216.131.226 (talk) to last version by Jebcubed

{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Hollywood cartoon
|name = Wabbit Twouble
|image = WabbitTwouble Lobby Card.png
|caption = Lobby card
|director = [[Bob Clampett]] (credited as Wobert Cwampett and for Superwision)
|story = Dave Monahan (credited for Stowy)
|animator = Sid Sutherland (credited as Sid Suthewand) [[Virgil Ross]] (unc.) [[Rod Scribner]] (unc.) [[Robert McKimson]] (unc.)
|starring = [[Mel Blanc]] (unc.) [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] (unc.)
|music = [[Carl Stalling]] (credited as Cawl W. Stawwing and for Musical Diwection)
|background_artist = John Didrik Johnsen (unc.)
|producer = [[Leon Schlesinger]]
|distributor = [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]
|studio = Leon Schlesinger Productions
|released = December 20, 1941
|color_process = [[Technicolor]]
|runtime = 8:22 (1 reel)
|language = English
}}

'''''Wabbit Twouble''''' ("Rabbit Trouble" in Elmer Fudd's speech impediment)<ref>{{cite book|last=Taggart|first=Caroline|title=Does a Bear Sh*t in the Woods?: Answers to Rhetorical Questions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isZEd2_ZjgsC&pg=PT48|date=July 26, 2011|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-53999-6|page=48}}</ref> is a ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' [[cartoon]] starring [[Bugs Bunny]], produced by [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Leon Schlesinger Productions]] and released on December 20, 1941 by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. This is the first of several [[Bugs Bunny]] cartoon titles that refers to [[Elmer Fudd]]'s speech impediment, making the names of [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]], and [[Carl Stalling]] as well as the roles of Story, Supervision, and Musical Direction intentionally misspelled in the credits to receive the perfect match for Elmer's speech impediment.

In the cartoon, Elmer expects to find rest and relaxation at Jellostone National Park. He mistakenly sets camp in the neighborhood of Bugs' rabbit hole, and Bugs (and a neighboring bear) don't have much leisure in mind. It was the first Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd cartoon directed by [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], with a story by Dave Monahan and musical direction by [[Carl Stalling]]. [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]] is the only credited animator, although [[Virgil Ross]], [[Rod Scribner]], and [[Robert McKimson]] also animated the short. [[Mel Blanc]] provided the voices for Bugs and the [[bear]], and [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] provided the voice for Elmer.

==Plot==
Elmer, driving his [[Ford Model T]] [[jalopy]] to a [[Conga (music)|Conga]] beat, makes his way to Jellostone National Park (a pun on [[Yellowstone National Park]]) while looking forward to get some rest. Elmer sets up his campsite by setting a cooking fire, an hanging mirror on a tree and, beneath it, a wash basin on a table, hanging a hammock, and pitching his tent. The tent is positioned directly over Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole (just as Elmer had arrived, Bugs had posted a sign next to his hole saying 'Camp Here', then had retreated into the lair, covering it with grass as he went). From down there, Bugs breaks down the tent and drags it inside. Elmer reaches in and, in spite of resistance from below, retrieves the tent which is tied in knots. Bugs pops up, welcomes Elmer to Jellostone ("a restful retreat. Oh brudda!") and pulls Elmer's hat over his eyes. Elmer reaches in again and tries to yank Bugs out. After several attempts, Elmer pulls his hands out to find that his fingers are tied together. He nails a board over the hole ("that'll hold him awite, heh heh heh heh heh"). However, Bugs simply pushes it open, steps out and mimics Elmer. Bugs balloons up to Elmer's size and repeats what Elmer had said, labeling it "phooey". Elmer then settles into his hammock and quickly falls fast asleep, muttering to himself.

Bugs places a pair of glasses on Elmer's face, paints the lenses black and sets the alarm clock to go off at noon. When it wakes Elmer, he thinks it is nighttime because everything seems dark. He goes to his tent, takes off his day clothes to reveal night clothes underneath, and goes to bed. Bugs then removes the glasses from Elmer and crows like a rooster, awakening Elmer who believes it is the next morning.

Elmer washes his face but cannot reach his towel because it is hanging on a branch that Bugs keeps at a steady, short distance from him. Elmer blindly follows the towel ("I do this kind of stuff to him all through the picture", Bugs [[Breaking the fourth wall|confides to the audience]]). He causes Elmer to step off a cliff edge. Elmer looks at the miraculous view of the [[Grand Canyon]], but suddenly realizes he is in midair. He runs back to safety and holds on to Bugs for dear life. Bugs then admits he is the one pulling these gags and runs off, with a furious Elmer giving chase after retrieving a gun from his tent. However, he runs into a [[American black bear|black bear]]. The bear starts growling, and so Elmer turns to a wildlife handbook for advice, which directs him to play dead.

The bear soon gives up (after sniffing Elmer's "[[Body odor|B.O.]]" – his feet), but Bugs climbs onto Elmer and starts growling exactly like the bear. He misbehaves in various ways to keep Elmer on the ground with his eyes shut, but just as he starts biting Elmer's foot, Elmer sees what is going on and grabs his rifle. The bear returns and Bugs runs away just as Elmer swings the gun, clobbering the bear rather than the rabbit. A chase ensues with Elmer and the bear running through the trees to the tune of the "[[William Tell Overture]]." Finally, the bear freaks Elmer out by riding on top of him.

When the bear is knocked off him after hitting a tree branch, Elmer gives up and packs everything into his car (almost including a huge tree). He passes the welcome sign at the gate on his way out, backs up and reads it again. He declares its promise of "a restful retreat" to be "bawogney!" and, to teach the park not to give false advertisement, he chops the sign to bits with an ax and stomps on the pieces while calling the park's "peace and wewaxation" promises "wubbish!" A ranger (along with Bugs) appears, and has an angry expression on his face. Elmer is arrested for the destruction of government property, and from his jail cell window he tells us that "anyway" he is "wid of that gwizzwy bear and scwewy wabbit! West and wewaxation at wast!" Unfortunately, he turns to find out that somehow he is sharing his cell with both Bugs ''and'' the black bear. They both ask how long he has in jail ("Pardon me but, how long ya in for, doc?" they ask).

==Production==
For the cartoon, Elmer was redesigned as a fat man (based on voice actor [[Arthur Q. Bryan]]'s own physique) in an attempt to make him funnier. The "fat Elmer" would only make three more appearances in the ''Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies'' canon – ''[[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]'', ''[[The Wacky Wabbit]]'' and ''[[Fresh Hare]]'', in addition to a [[cameo appearance]] in the non-canon war bond advertisement ''[[Any Bonds Today?]]'' – before returning to the slimmer form by which he is better known, for ''[[The Hare-Brained Hypnotist]]''. This cartoon was the only time, though, that the Fat Elmer also had a red nose. This is the only cartoon with the "fat" version of Elmer to remain under copyright; the other "fat Elmer" cartoons are in the public domain.

Bugs would show up in a prison two more times: in ''[[Rebel Rabbit]]'' (1949) and ''[[Big House Bunny]]'' (1950). At the ends of ''[[Rabbit Transit (cartoon)|Rabbit Transit]]'' (1947) and ''[[Hare Brush]]'' (1955) he is arrested, but not actually shown in prison therein.

The lobby card where Bugs paints Elmer's glasses black is also done in the film.

==Availability==
* DVD - [[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]], Volume 1
* Blu-ray - [[Looney Tunes Platinum Collection]], Volume 2

== In popular culture ==
[[File:Big Chungus.png|200px|thumb|The still frame from the short that has come to be known as "Big Chungus".]]
In December 2018, a still from the short depicting Bugs mocking Elmer by imitating his weight became an [[Internet meme]]. The meme originated from fictitious cover art for a video game titled ''Big Chungus'' (with "chungus" being a neologism associated with video game commentator [[Jim Sterling]]) which featured the still and was popularized by a [[Facebook]] post by a [[GameStop]] manager, who alleged that a colleague's mother had inquired about purchasing the fictional game as a gift for her son.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/magazine/all-the-presidents-memes.html|title=All the President's Memes|last=Staley|first=Willy|date=2019-01-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/big-chungus-memes/|title=Big Chungus Is The Last Great Meme Of 2018|date=2018-12-28|website=The Daily Dot|language=en|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
* {{IMDb title|34368}}
* {{bcdb title|5268}}
* [https://archive.org/download/ClassicRareAndCensoredCartoons/122041dvdWabbitTwoubleMm.mp4 ''Wabbit Twouble'' on the Internet Archive]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before = [[All This and Rabbit Stew]]
|title = [[List of Bugs Bunny cartoons|Bugs Bunny Cartoons]]
|years = 1941
|after = [[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]
}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:1941 animated films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bob Clampett]]
[[Category:Merrie Melodies shorts]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in national parks]]
[[Category:1940s American animated films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Carl Stalling]]
[[Category:Animated films about rabbits and hares]]
[[Category:Animated films about bears]]

Immer Ärger mit dem Hasen

2019-03-30T02:41:55Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by Tman120806 (talk) to last version by Samf4u

{{pp-pc|small=yes}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=January 2019}}
{{More citations needed|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Hollywood cartoon
|name = Wabbit Twouble
|image = WabbitTwouble Lobby Card.png
|caption = Lobby card
|director = [[Bob Clampett]] (credited as Wobert Cwampett and for Superwision)
|story = Dave Monahan (credited for Stowy)
|animator = Sid Sutherland (credited as Sid Suthewand) [[Virgil Ross]] (unc.) [[Rod Scribner]] (unc.) [[Robert McKimson]] (unc.)
|starring = [[Mel Blanc]] (unc.) [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] (unc.)
|music = [[Carl Stalling]] (credited as Cawl W. Stawwing and for Musical Diwection)
|background_artist = John Didrik Johnsen (unc.)
|producer = [[Leon Schlesinger]]
|distributor = [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]
|studio = Leon Schlesinger Productions
|released = December 20, 1941
|color_process = [[Technicolor]]
|runtime = 8:22 (1 reel)
|language = English
}}

'''''Wabbit Twouble''''' ("Rabbit Trouble" in Elmer Fudd's speech impediment)<ref>{{cite book|last=Taggart|first=Caroline|title=Does a Bear Sh*t in the Woods?: Answers to Rhetorical Questions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isZEd2_ZjgsC&pg=PT48|date=July 26, 2011|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-53999-6|page=48}}</ref> is a ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' [[cartoon]] starring [[Bugs Bunny]], produced by [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Leon Schlesinger Productions]] and released on December 20, 1941 by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. This is the first of several [[Bugs Bunny]] cartoon titles that refers to [[Elmer Fudd]]'s speech impediment, making the names of [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]], and [[Carl Stalling]] as well as the roles of Story, Supervision, and Musical Direction intentionally misspelled in the credits to receive the perfect match for Elmer's speech impediment.

In the cartoon, Elmer expects to find rest and relaxation at Jellostone National Park. He mistakenly sets camp in the neighborhood of Bugs' rabbit hole, and Bugs (and a neighboring bear) don't have much leisure in mind. It was the first Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd cartoon directed by [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], with a story by Dave Monahan and musical direction by [[Carl Stalling]]. [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]] is the only credited animator, although [[Virgil Ross]], [[Rod Scribner]], and [[Robert McKimson]] also animated the short. [[Mel Blanc]] provided the voices for Bugs and the [[bear]], and [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] provided the voice for Elmer.

==Plot==
Elmer, driving his [[Ford Model T]] [[jalopy]] to a [[Conga (music)|Conga]] beat, makes his way to Jellostone National Park (a pun on [[Yellowstone National Park]]) while looking forward to get some rest. Elmer sets up his campsite by setting a cooking fire, an hanging mirror on a tree and, beneath it, a wash basin on a table, hanging a hammock, and pitching his tent. The tent is positioned directly over Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole (just as Elmer had arrived, Bugs had posted a sign next to his hole saying 'Camp Here', then had retreated into the lair, covering it with grass as he went). From down there, Bugs breaks down the tent and drags it inside. Elmer reaches in and, in spite of resistance from below, retrieves the tent which is tied in knots. Bugs pops up, welcomes Elmer to Jellostone ("a restful retreat. Oh brudda!") and pulls Elmer's hat over his eyes. Elmer reaches in again and tries to yank Bugs out. After several attempts, Elmer pulls his hands out to find that his fingers are tied together. He nails a board over the hole ("that'll hold him awite, heh heh heh heh heh"). However, Bugs simply pushes it open, steps out and mimics Elmer. Bugs balloons up to Elmer's size and repeats what Elmer had said, labeling it "phooey". Elmer then settles into his hammock and quickly falls fast asleep, muttering to himself.

Bugs places a pair of glasses on Elmer's face, paints the lenses black and sets the alarm clock to go off at noon. When it wakes Elmer, he thinks it is nighttime because everything seems dark. He goes to his tent, takes off his day clothes to reveal night clothes underneath, and goes to bed. Bugs then removes the glasses from Elmer and crows like a rooster, awakening Elmer who believes it is the next morning.

Elmer washes his face but cannot reach his towel because it is hanging on a branch that Bugs keeps at a steady, short distance from him. Elmer blindly follows the towel ("I do this kind of stuff to him all through the picture", Bugs [[Breaking the fourth wall|confides to the audience]]). He causes Elmer to step off a cliff edge. Elmer looks at the miraculous view of the [[Grand Canyon]], but suddenly realizes he is in midair. He runs back to safety and holds on to Bugs for dear life. Bugs then admits he is the one pulling these gags and runs off, with a furious Elmer giving chase after retrieving a gun from his tent. However, he runs into a [[American black bear|black bear]]. The bear starts growling, and so Elmer turns to a wildlife handbook for advice, which directs him to play dead.

The bear soon gives up (after sniffing Elmer's "[[Body odor|B.O.]]" – his feet), but Bugs climbs onto Elmer and starts growling exactly like the bear. He misbehaves in various ways to keep Elmer on the ground with his eyes shut, but just as he starts biting Elmer's foot, Elmer sees what is going on and grabs his rifle. The bear returns and Bugs runs away just as Elmer swings the gun, clobbering the bear rather than the rabbit. A chase ensues with Elmer and the bear running through the trees to the tune of the "[[William Tell Overture]]." Finally, the bear freaks Elmer out by riding on top of him.

When the bear is knocked off him after hitting a tree branch, Elmer gives up and packs everything into his car (almost including a huge tree). He passes the welcome sign at the gate on his way out, backs up and reads it again. He declares its promise of "a restful retreat" to be "bawogney!" and, to teach the park not to give false advertisement, he chops the sign to bits with an ax and stomps on the pieces while calling the park's "peace and wewaxation" promises "wubbish!" A ranger (along with Bugs) appears, and has an angry expression on his face. Elmer is arrested for the destruction of government property, and from his jail cell window he tells us that "anyway" he is "wid of that gwizzwy bear and scwewy wabbit! West and wewaxation at wast!" Unfortunately, he turns to find out that somehow he is sharing his cell with both Bugs ''and'' the black bear. They both ask how long he has in jail ("Pardon me but, how long ya in for, doc?" they ask).

==Production==
For the cartoon, Elmer was redesigned as a fat man (based on voice actor [[Arthur Q. Bryan]]'s own physique) in an attempt to make him funnier. The "fat Elmer" would only make three more appearances in the ''Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies'' canon – ''[[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]'', ''[[The Wacky Wabbit]]'' and ''[[Fresh Hare]]'', in addition to a [[cameo appearance]] in the non-canon war bond advertisement ''[[Any Bonds Today?]]'' – before returning to the slimmer form by which he is better known, for ''[[The Hare-Brained Hypnotist]]''. This cartoon was the only time, though, that the Fat Elmer also had a red nose. This is the only cartoon with the "fat" version of Elmer to remain under copyright; the other "fat Elmer" cartoons are in the public domain.

Bugs would show up in a prison two more times: in ''[[Rebel Rabbit]]'' (1949) and ''[[Big House Bunny]]'' (1950). At the ends of ''[[Rabbit Transit (cartoon)|Rabbit Transit]]'' (1947) and ''[[Hare Brush]]'' (1955) he is arrested, but not actually shown in prison therein.

The lobby card where Bugs paints Elmer's glasses black is also done in the film.

==Availability==
* DVD - [[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]], Volume 1
* Blu-ray - [[Looney Tunes Platinum Collection]], Volume 2

== In popular culture ==
[[File:Big Chungus.png|200px|thumb|The still frame from the short that has come to be known as "Big Chungus".]]
In December 2018, a still from the short depicting Bugs mocking Elmer by imitating his weight became an [[Internet meme]]. The meme originated from fictitious cover art for a video game titled ''Big Chungus'' (with "chungus" being a neologism associated with video game commentator [[Jim Sterling]]) which featured the still and was popularized by a [[Facebook]] post by a [[GameStop]] manager, who alleged that a colleague's mother had inquired about purchasing the fictional game as a gift for her son.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/magazine/all-the-presidents-memes.html|title=All the President's Memes|last=Staley|first=Willy|date=2019-01-14|work=The New York Times|access-date=2019-01-25|language=en-US|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/big-chungus-memes/|title=Big Chungus Is The Last Great Meme Of 2018|date=2018-12-28|website=The Daily Dot|language=en|access-date=2019-01-22}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|34368}}
* {{bcdb title|5268}}
* [https://archive.org/download/ClassicRareAndCensoredCartoons/122041dvdWabbitTwoubleMm.mp4 ''Wabbit Twouble'' on the Internet Archive]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before = [[All This and Rabbit Stew]]
|title = [[List of Bugs Bunny cartoons|Bugs Bunny Cartoons]]
|years = 1941
|after = [[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]
}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:1941 animated films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bob Clampett]]
[[Category:Merrie Melodies shorts]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in national parks]]
[[Category:1940s American animated films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Carl Stalling]]

Far Cry New Dawn

2019-02-13T17:38:42Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 188.178.9.244 (talk) to last version by Lordtobi

{{Use mdy dates|date=December 2018}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Far Cry New Dawn
| image = FC New Dawn cover art.jpg
| caption = Cover art featuring primary antagonists Mickey and Lou
| developer = [[Ubisoft Montreal]]
| publisher = [[Ubisoft]]
| director = Jean-Sébastien Decant
| producer =
| designer =
| composer = {{Plainlist|
* [[Tyler Bates]]
* [[John Swihart]]
}}
| writer = James Nadiger
| artist = Issac Papismado
| series = ''[[Far Cry]]''
| platforms = {{Unbulleted list|[[Microsoft Windows]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Xbox One]]}}
| released = February 15, 2019
| genre = [[Action-adventure]], [[first-person shooter]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[multiplayer]]
}}

'''''Far Cry New Dawn''''' is an upcoming [[first-person shooter]] developed by [[Ubisoft Montreal]] and published by [[Ubisoft]]. The game is a spin-off of the ''[[Far Cry]]'' series and a narrative sequel to ''[[Far Cry 5]]''. It is due to be released for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 4]] and [[Xbox One]] on February 15, 2019.

==Gameplay==
Similar to its predecessors, ''Far Cry New Dawn'' is an [[action-adventure game|action-adventure]] [[first-person shooter]] set in an [[open world]] environment which the player can explore freely on foot or via various vehicles. The game is set in the fictional Hope County, [[Montana]] and uses a reimagined version of ''[[Far Cry 5]]''{{'}}s map. The nuclear war portrayed in ''Far Cry 5'' has reshaped the landscape so that new areas have become available for the player to explore while others are inaccessible.

The player will assume the role of a new character, whose gender and race can be customized.<ref name="eurog">{{cite web|url=https://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2018-12-07-far-cry-new-dawn-is-a-post-apocalyptic-spin-on-the-series|title=Far Cry New Dawn is a post-apocalyptic spin on the series|first=Martin|last=Robinson|work=[[Eurogamer]]|date=December 7, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref> The Guns for Hire and the Fangs for Hire systems from ''Far Cry 5'' return, with the character being able to recruit human survivors and animals for combat assistance.<ref name="IGN">{{cite web|url=https://www.ign.com/articles/2018/12/07/far-cry-new-dawn-making-the-apocalypse-great-again|title=Far Cry New Dawn: Making The Apocalypse Great Again|first=Daniel|last=Krupa|work=[[IGN]]|date=December 7, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref> In addition to new characters, the game's cast includes an array of returning characters from ''Far Cry 5''. The player character can also encounter several specialists who have their own personal missions, special abilities and story and help players to repair their weapons. New weapons are introduced in the game, including a "Saw Launcher" that fires the blades of circular saws. Players acquire new weapons and attachments, which can be upgraded to three different levels through [[crafting]] and finishing missions. Vehicles can also be crafted.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/far-cry-new-dawn-fixes-fc5s-greatest-flaw-the-dog-/1100-6463721/|title=Far Cry: New Dawn Fixes FC5's Greatest Flaw: The Dog Rides In Your Car|first=Chris|last=Pereira|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref>

Players can embark on treasure hunts and liberate different enemy encampments and outposts. Once liberated, they become [[fast travel]] points that enable players to quickly navigate the world. These outposts can be occupied and used to manufacture [[ethanol]] fuel or raided for resources which leaves the outpost open to "escalation", in which the Highwaymen may reclaim these camps.<ref name="IGN"/> This allows the player to replay the outposts on higher difficulty settings. The game also features an upgradable home base named Prosperity, which would slowly expand and grow in size as players progress. The game also features a mode called "Expeditions", which allows the player to travel to other locations in the United States such as Louisana to look for more resources and packages.<ref name="eurog"/> As these regions are outside the main map and smaller in size, the development team was able to create more complex environments for Expeditions. Expedition missions can be [[cooperative gameplay|completed with other players]].<ref name="usgamer"/>

== Premise ==
The story is set seventeen years after the events of ''Far Cry 5''. After the nuclear exchange known as "the Collapse" devastated the world, survivors attempt to rebuild the community in Hope County. Their efforts are threatened by the Highwaymen, a roving band of organized bandits led by twin sisters Mickey and Lou (voiced by Cara Ricketts and Leslie Miller).<ref name="usgamer">{{cite web|url=https://www.usgamer.net/articles/far-cry-new-dawn-preview-far-cry-5-sequel|title=Far Cry New Dawn: A Deeper Look at the Surprise Follow-Up to Far Cry 5|first=Mike|last=William|work=USgamer|date=December 7, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref> With few other choices, the survivors form an alliance with New Eden—the remnants of the Project at Eden's Gate—despite knowing that they may represent a greater threat than the Highwaymen. The game is also expected to reveal the fates of the Deputy and Joseph Seed, the protagonist and main antagonist of ''Far Cry 5'' respectively.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.pcgamer.com/far-cry-new-dawn-trailer-confirms-post-apocalyptic-leaks/|title=Far Cry: New Dawn trailer confirms post-apocalyptic leaks|first=Andy|last=Chalk|work=[[PC Gamer]]|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref>

==Development==
''New Dawn'' is developed by [[Ubisoft Montreal]] in conjunction with [[Ubisoft Kiev]], [[Ubisoft Bucharest]] and [[Ubisoft Shanghai]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://venturebeat.com/2018/12/06/far-cry-new-dawn-trailer/|title=Far Cry: New Dawn is the followup to Primal and Blood Dragon|first=Jeff|last=Grubb|work=[[VentureBeat]]|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref> According to art director Issac Papismado, the team had wanted to create a post-apocalyptic game set in the ''Far Cry'' series for a long time.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/far-cry-new-dawn-is-the-beginning-of-a-new-world-f/1100-6463700/|title=Far Cry: New Dawn Is The 'Beginning Of A New World' For The Franchise|first=Phil|last=Hornshaw|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref> The team intentionally avoided a dark and bleak tone as they felt that it would be a cliché and resolved to create a world that looks vibrant. Set seventeen years after ''Far Cry 5'', the world is undergoing a "super bloom" in which nature reclaims the world and gives the game a vibrant colour palette.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gameinformer.com/preview/2018/12/07/12-things-to-know-about-far-cry-new-dawn|title=12 Things To Know About Far Cry New Dawn|first=Brian|last=Shea|work=[[Game Informer]]|date=December 7, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018}}</ref> To give Highwaymen a visual identity, the team invited a graffiti artist to create the game's art and graffiti. Similar to ''[[Far Cry 3: Blood Dragon]]'' and ''[[Far Cry Primal]]'', the game is a smaller production when compared to the series' main entries, a decision reflected by the game's lower launch price.<ref name="usgamer"/>

Announced at [[The Game Awards 2018]], the game is set to be released for [[Microsoft Windows]], [[PlayStation 4]] and [[Xbox One]] on February 15, 2019.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.polygon.com/game-awards-tga/2018/12/6/18129744/far-cry-new-dawn-release-date-ps4-xbox-one-tga-2018|title=Far Cry New Dawn is coming to PS4 and Xbox One in February of 2019|first=Austen|last=Goslin|date=December 6, 2018|accessdate=December 7, 2018|work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|https://far-cry.ubisoft.com/game/en-gb/home}}

{{Far Cry}}

[[Category:Upcoming video games scheduled for 2019]]
[[Category:Far Cry]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:PlayStation 4 games]]
[[Category:Xbox One games]]
[[Category:Video games set in Montana]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Canada]]
[[Category:Video game sequels]]
[[Category:Open world video games]]
[[Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games]]
[[Category:Ubisoft games]]
[[Category:Post-apocalyptic games]]
[[Category:Action-adventure games]]
[[Category:Video games featuring female antagonists]]
[[Category:Video games featuring protagonists of selectable gender]]
[[Category:World War III speculative fiction]]

Archive Team

2018-12-02T14:10:21Z

Theinstantmatrix: using logo specified from their website using mediawiki

[[File:Archive Team logo.png|thumb|right|Archive Team logo]]
'''Archive Team''' is a group dedicated to [[digital preservation|preserving]] [[digital history]] that was founded by [[Jason Scott]] in 2009.<ref>{{Cite web
|title = Team Archive is GO
|last = Scott
|first = Jason
|publisher = ASCII by Jason Scott
|url = http://ascii.textfiles.com/archives/1664
|date = January 6, 2009
|access-date = December 30, 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161102224557/http://ascii.textfiles.com/archives/1664
|archive-date = 2016-11-02
|dead-url = no
|df =
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title = Revision history of "Main Page"
|publisher = Archive Team
|url = http://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history
|access-date = December 30, 2016
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20161231075159/http://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=Main_Page&dir=prev&action=history
|archive-date = 2016-12-31
|dead-url = no
|df =
}}</ref>
Its primary focus is the copying and preservation of content housed by at-risk services. Some of its projects include the partial preservation of [[GeoCities]],<ref>{{Cite magazine
|title=Geocities Lives On as Massive Torrent Download
|last=Gilbertson
|first=Scott
|magazine=Wired
|url=https://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/11/geocities-lives-on-as-massive-torrent-download/
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744WKAy2?url=http://www.wired.com/epicenter/2010/11/geocities-lives-on-as-massive-torrent-download/
|date=2010-11-01
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Web 0.2 archivists save Geocities from deletion
|last=Modine
|first=Austin
|website=The Register
|url=https://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/28/geocities_preservation/
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744REJO8?url=http://www.theregister.co.uk/2009/04/28/geocities_preservation/
|date=2009-04-28
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref>
[[Yahoo! Video]], [[Google Video]], [[Splinder]], [[Friendster]], [[FortuneCity]],<ref>{{Cite web
|title=The 'Archive Team' Rescues User Content From Doomed Sites
|last=Sullivan
|first=Mark
|magazine=PC World
|url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/253672/the_archive_team_rescues_user_content_from_doomed_sites.html
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67440lW4b?url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/253672/the_archive_team_rescues_user_content_from_doomed_sites.html
|date=2012-04-13
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Fire in the Library
|last=Schwartz
|first=Matt
|magazine=Technology Review
|url=http://www.technologyreview.com/web/39317/
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/67448ktjF?url=http://www.technologyreview.com/web/39317/
|date=January 2012
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=The Archive Team
|last1=Garfield
|first1=Bob
|last2=Scott
|first2=Jason
|work=OnTheMedia
|url=http://www.onthemedia.org/2012/mar/23/archive-team/
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744EGM0q?url=http://www.onthemedia.org/2012/mar/23/archive-team/
|date=2012-03-23
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Historic Archive Of Websites From The January 18th SOPA Blackout
|last=Masnick
|first=Mike
|website=Techdirt
|url=http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120410/23092818446/historic-archive-websites-january-18th-sopa-blackout.shtml
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744H24m0?url=http://www.techdirt.com/articles/20120410/23092818446/historic-archive-websites-january-18th-sopa-blackout.shtml
|date=2012-04-12
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Click: The Archive Team - Jason Scott talks about his mission to salvage our digital heritage
|last=Scott
|first=Jason
|publisher=BBC
|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00przc2
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744M5iYY?url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p00przc2
|date=2012-03-06
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=The Archive Team
|last1=Morton
|first1=Simon
|last2=Scott
|first2=Jason
|work=RadioNZ
|url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/thiswayup/audio/2511595/the-archive-team
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744OwRU6?url=http://www.radionz.co.nz/national/programmes/thiswayup/audio/2511595/the-archive-team
|date=2012-03-03
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Full Interview: Jason Scott on online video and digital heritage
|last=Misener
|first=Dan
|publisher=CBC
|url=http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2011/04/full-interview-jason-scott-on-online-video-and-digital-heritage/
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6744TasTv?url=http://www.cbc.ca/spark/2011/04/full-interview-jason-scott-on-online-video-and-digital-heritage/
|date=2011-04-29
|archive-date=2012-04-20
}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web
|title=Amateur heroes of online heritage
|last=Paul-Choudhury
|first=Sumit
|magazine=New Scientist
|url=https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20396-digital-legacy-amateur-heroes-of-online-heritage.html
|dead-url=no
|archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6WtiEhK9B?url=http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn20396-digital-legacy-amateur-heroes-of-online-heritage.html
|date=May 6, 2011
|access-date=March 9, 2015
|archive-date=March 9, 2015
}}</ref>
[[TwitPic]],<ref>{{Cite web
|title = TwitPic - Archiveteam
|url = http://www.archiveteam.org/index.php?title=TwitPic
|access-date = 2014-09-17
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140909075441/http://archiveteam.org/index.php?title=TwitPic
|archive-date = 2014-09-09
|dead-url = no
|df =
}}</ref> [[SoundCloud]],<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/17/15986952/archive-team-back-up-soundcloud-warrior-project|title=Archive Team promises to back up SoundCloud amid worries of a shutdown|publisher=|date=2017-07-18|access-date=2018-11-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181021192516/https://www.theverge.com/2017/7/17/15986952/archive-team-back-up-soundcloud-warrior-project|archive-date=2018-10-21|dead-url=no|df=}}</ref>
and the "[[Aaron Swartz]] Memorial JSTOR Liberator".<ref>{{Cite web
|title = Aaron Swartz Memorial JSTOR Liberator sets public domain academic articles free
|url = https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/01/aaron-swartz-memorial-jstor-liberator-sets-public-domain-academic-articles-free/
|date = 2013-01-15
|access-date = 2018-11-28
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20180323224110/https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2013/01/aaron-swartz-memorial-jstor-liberator-sets-public-domain-academic-articles-free/
|archive-date = 2018-03-23
|dead-url = no
|df =
}}</ref>
Archive Team also archives [[URL shortener]] services<ref>{{Cite web
| title = url shortening was a fucking awful idea
| work = URLTE.AM
| url = http://urlte.am/ | dead-url = no
| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20110611023208/http://urlte.am/
| archive-date = 2011-06-11
}}</ref>
and [[wikis]]<ref>[https://github.com/WikiTeam/wikiteam WikiTeam] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160210004433/https://github.com/WikiTeam/wikiteam |date=2016-02-10 }} - We archive wikis, from Wikipedia to tiniest wikis</ref>
on a regular basis.

According to [[Jason Scott Sadofsky|Jason Scott]], "Archive Team was started out of anger and a feeling of powerlessness, this feeling that we were letting companies decide for us what was going to survive and what was going to die."<ref>{{Cite web
|title = Open Source Bridge 2012 Keynote - Jason Scott
|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=1242s
|access-date = 2018-11-28
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170914044651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=1242s#t=1242s
|archive-date = 2017-09-14
|dead-url = no
|df =
}}</ref>
Scott continues, "it's not our job to figure out what's valuable, to figure out what's meaningful. We work by three virtues: [[Rage (emotion)|rage]], [[paranoia]] and [[kleptomania]]."<ref>{{Cite web
|title = Open Source Bridge 2012 Keynote - Jason Scott
|url = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=703s
|access-date = 2018-11-28
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20170914044651/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tJqZGRIwtxk#t=703s#t=703s
|archive-date = 2017-09-14
|dead-url = no
|df =
}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Digital Dark Age]]
* [[Internet Archive]]
* [[Wayback Machine]]
* [[Web archiving]]
* [[List of digital preservation initiatives]]

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* {{official|http://www.archiveteam.org}}
* [https://archive.org/details/archiveteam Archive Team collection] at Internet Archive
* {{Twitter}}
* {{YouTube|id=-2ZTmuX3cog|title=ARCHIVE TEAM: A Distributed Preservation of Service Attack}}
* [https://www.reddit.com/r/ArchiveTeam ArchiveTeam subreddit]

{{Jason Scott}}

[[Category:Conservation and restoration]]
[[Category:Jason Scott]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2009]]
[[Category:Web archiving]]
[[Category:Web archiving initiatives]]

{{web-stub}}

NCT 127

2018-11-14T04:16:24Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by Bmx16 (talk) to last version by Theinstantmatrix

{{short description|South Korean boy band}}
{{Infobox musical artist
| name = NCT 127
| background = group_or_band
| image = regular-irregular.jpg
| landscape = yes
| alt =
| caption = NCT 127 - "[[Regular-Irregular]]" (from left to right: Doyoung, Haechan, Mark, Winwin, Taeyong, Jaehyun, Yuta, Taeil, Jungwoo, Johnny)
| alias =
| origin = [[Seoul]], South Korea
| genre = {{hlist|[[K-pop]]|[[Hip hop music|hip hop]]}}
| years_active = 2016–present
| label = {{hlist|[[SM Entertainment]]|[[Avex Trax]]<ref>{{cite web|url=http://nct-jp.net/news/detail.php?id=1054889|title=NCT 127 The Introduction“connect”開催決定！|date=October 21, 2017|website=nct-jp.net|language=Japanese}}</ref>}}
| associated_acts = [[SM Town]] [[SM Rookies]] [[NCT (band)|NCT]]
| website = {{URL|nct127.smtown.com}}
| current_members = {{plainlist|
*Taeil
*Johnny
*Taeyong
*Yuta
*Doyoung
*Jaehyun
*Winwin
*Jungwoo
*Mark
*Haechan
}}
}}
'''NCT 127''' is the second sub-unit and [[Seoul]]-based unit of the South Korean boy group [[NCT (band)|'''NCT''']]. The unit debuted on July 7, 2016, with their first extended play ''[[NCT 127 (EP)|NCT #127]]'', featuring seven members: leader Taeyong, Taeil, Yuta, Jaehyun, Winwin, Mark, and Haechan. That December, NCT 127 added Doyoung and Johnny to their lineup, followed by Jungwoo in September 2018.

Their name is a combination of the acronym for '''Neo Culture Technology''' and the number '''127''', which represents the longitudinal coordinate of Seoul.

==History==
===Pre-debut: SM Rookies and NCT===
All ten members of NCT 127 were originally part of [[SM Rookies]], a pre-debut training team maintained by [[SM Entertainment]].<ref name="SM Rookies">{{cite web|title=SM Rookies|url=http://www.smrookies.com/staffoffice.php|website=[[SM Rookies]]|accessdate=June 26, 2018}}</ref> In January 2016, SM founder [[Lee Soo-man]] announced plans for a new boy group, with several different units to be based in cities around the world.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://kpopherald.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=201602231707438293945_2&ACE_SEARCH=1|title=SM Entertainment continues expansion with New Culture Technology|website=Kpop Herald|date=February 23, 2016}}</ref>

NCT 127 was officially announced on July 1, consisting of previously debuted '''NCT U''' members Taeyong, Taeil, Jaehyun, and Mark, along with three newly debuting members: Yuta, Winwin, and Haechan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://hype.my/2016/113666/nct127-sm-entertainment-unveils-members-of-new-nct-sub-unit/|title=(UPDATE) #NCT127: SM Entertainment Unveils Members Of New NCT Sub-Unit|website=Hype|accessdate=February 12, 2018}}</ref>

===2016: Debut and new members===
NCT 127 made their official debut with ''[[NCT 127 (EP)|NCT #127]]'' on July 10, 2016.<ref name=genre>{{cite web|url=http://pop.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=201607101242101223011_1|title=NCT 127 전곡 음원 공개, 보너스트랙까지 총 7곡 수록|date=July 10, 2016|website=Herald Corporation|language=ko}}</ref> The EP debuted at number two on the [[Gaon Album Chart]], and topped the chart by the third week of its release.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=31&hitYear=2016&termGbn=week|title=국내 대표 음악 차트 가온차트!|website=Gaon Chart|language=Korean|access-date=January 22, 2017}}</ref> It also charted at number two on the ''[[Billboard chart|Billboard]]'' World Albums Chart.<ref name=billboard>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7445875/nct-127-world-heatseekers-album-charts|title=NCT Debuts on World, Heatseekers Albums Charts With 'NCT #127'|date=July 20, 2016|website=Billboard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://mwave.interest.me/en/kpop-news/article/107304/nct-knows-how-to-taste-the-feeling-with-coca-cola-all-kpop-news|title=NCT Knows How to ′Taste The Feeling′ with Coca-Cola|last=Jeon|first=Su Mi|date=July 29, 2016|website=Mwave|publisher=|access-date=June 26, 2018}}</ref> Their debut performance took place on [[Mnet (TV channel)|Mnet]]'s ''[[M Countdown]]'', where they played the lead single "Fire Truck" and "Once Again."<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://news.nate.com/view/20160707n17852|title=원더걸스·비스트, 오늘(7일) '엠카'서 컴백 무대 최초 공개|work=Nate|publisher=News1|access-date=June 26, 2018|language=ko}}</ref>

On December 6, NCT 127 released the music video for "Good Thing,” and on December 20, they released the music video for "Switch,” featuring members of the SM trainee group SR15B.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.sbs.com.au/popasia/blog/2016/12/21/nct-127-drop-surprise-switch-mv|title=NCT 127 drop surprise 'Switch' MV|date=December 21, 2016|website=SBS}}</ref>

On December 27, SM Entertainment announced the addition of two new members to NCT 127: Johnny and NCT U's Doyoung.<ref name="NCT 127 to Make Comeback as 9 Member Group | Mwave">{{cite web|url=http://enewsworld.interest.me/enews/contents.asp?idx=111231&idxType=News|title=NCT 127 to Make Comeback as 9 Member Group|date=December 27, 2016|website=Mwave}}</ref>

===2017: ''Limitless'' and ''Cherry Bomb''===
On January 5, NCT 127 released the music video for "Limitless."<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mwave.me/en/news/news/view/111356/NCT-127-to-Make-Comeback-Through-Two-Music-Videos|title=NCT 127 to Make Comeback Through Two Music Videos|date=December 30, 2016|website=Mwave}}</ref> It was the title track of their second EP, ''[[Limitless (NCT 127 EP)|Limitless]]'', which was released on January 9.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://news.joins.com/article/21087561|title=[뮤직IS] NCT 127 '무한적아', 러프버전 MV에 담긴 숨은 뜻|date=January 6, 2017|website=JoongAng Ilbo|language=ko}}</ref> The EP debuted atop Korea's Gaon Album Chart and the ''Billboard'' World Albums Chart.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://gaonchart.co.kr/main/section/chart/album.gaon?nationGbn=T&serviceGbn=&targetTime=02&hitYear=2017&termGbn=week|title=2017년 02주차 Album Chart|website=Gaon Chart|access-date=April 8, 2017|language=ko}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/7661729/nct-127-limitless-no-1-world-albums-chart|title=NCT 127 Scores No. 1 Spot on World Albums Chart With 'Limitless'|date=June 26, 2018|website=Billboard}}</ref>

NCT 127 released their third EP ''[[Cherry Bomb (EP)|Cherry Bomb]]'' on June 14, with the lead single of the same name.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20170614000936|access-date=June 26, 2018|date=June 26, 2018|title=Rising K-pop rookie NCT 127 drops powerful 'Cherry Bomb'|work=The Korea Herald|last=Dam-young|first=Hong}}</ref> The next day, the group performed the songs "Cherry Bomb" and "0 Mile" for the first time on ''M Countdown''.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.mwave.me/en/mama/media/news/view/115248/T-ara%2C-NCT-127-and-Pentagon-to-Perform-Comeback-Stages-on-%E2%80%B2M-COUNTDOWN%E2%80%B2|title=T-ara, NCT 127 and Pentagon to Perform Comeback Stages on ′M COUNTDOWN′|date=June 15, 2017|website=Mwave}}</ref> [[Billboard (magazine)|''Billboard'']] and [[Idolator (website)|''Idolator'']] both later named “Cherry Bomb” one of the best K-pop songs of the year.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/events/year-in-music-2017/8070355/best-k-pop-songs-of-2017-top-20|title=The Best K-pop Songs of 2017: Critics' Picks|date=December 14, 2017|website=Billboard}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.idolator.com/7672844/best-k-pop-songs-2017|title=» From BTS To HyunA, The Best K-Pop Songs Of 2017|website=www.idolator.com|access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref>

=== 2018: ''Empathy'', Japanese debut, new member, ''Regular-Irregular'', and ''Regulate'' ===
On March 14, 2018, NCT 127 released the single "[[Touch (NCT 127 song)|Touch]]” as part of [[NCT 2018 Empathy|''NCT 2018 Empathy'']], a full-length studio album that brought together all active units of NCT, and grouped them under the collective name NCT 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8244839/nct-127-touch-video|title=NCT 127's 'Touch' Video: Watch|website=Billboard|date=March 13, 2018}}</ref>

On May 23, NCT 127 released their Japanese debut EP ''[[Chain (EP)|Chain]]'' via [[Avex Trax]].<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8455157/nct-127-japanese-single-chain-video|title=NCT 127 Release Music Video for Japanese Single 'Chain'|date=May 8, 2018|website=Billboard}}</ref> It peaked at number two on the Oricon Albums Chart.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://osen.mt.co.kr/article/G1110908936|title=[Oh! 재팬] NCT 127, 일본 정식 데뷔..오리콘차트 2위로 진입|date=May 24, 2018|website=Osen|language=ko}}</ref>

In August 2018, it was announced NCT 127 will participate in the single "Let’s Shut Up and Dance," as part of a global collaborative tribute to Michael Jackson.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/pop/8472779/jason-derulo-nct-127-exo-lay-michael-jackson-tribute-single|title=Jason Derulo, NCT 127, and EXO's Lay to Release Michael Jackson Tribute Single|work=Billboard|date=August 29, 2018}}</ref>

On October 12, NCT 127 released their first full-length album, ''[[Regular-Irregular]]'', which debuted at number 86 on the US [[Billboard 200|''Billboard'' 200]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/music/NCT-127/chart-history/billboard-200|title=NCT 127 Chart History|work=Billboard|access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref> The album also marked the addition of NCT U’s Jungwoo to the NCT 127 lineup, which now totals 10 members.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8479768/nct-127-regular-irregular-album-recap|title=NCT 127 Explores the Depths of Reality on 'Regular-Irregular' Album|date=October 12, 2018|website=Billboard}}</ref> The album release was led by a performance of English version of the lead single, "Regular" and "Cherry Bomb" on ''[[Jimmy Kimmel Live!]]'' which also marked the group's first appearance on U.S. national television .<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8478939/nct-127-debut-jimmy-kimmel-live-regular-cherry-bomb|title=NCT 127 Perform 'Regular' & 'Cherry Bomb' For U.S. TV Debut on 'Jimmy Kimmel Live!'|work=Billboard|access-date=2018-11-07}}</ref>

On October 21, NCT 127 released a digital EP, ''Up Next Session: NCT 127,'' exclusively through [[Apple Music]]. It contains alternative versions of previous singles "Fire Truck," "Cherry Bomb," and "Regular," as well as an original track, “What We Talkin’ Bout”, which features [[Marteen]].<ref>{{citeweb|url=https://www.billboard.com/articles/columns/k-town/8480948/nct-127-up-next-session-ep-apple-music|title=NCT 127 Release 'Up Next Session: NCT 127' EP on Apple Music|date=October 21, 2018|website=Billboard}}</ref>

On November 13, SM dropped teaser photos of the group, announcing the release of their first album repackage, ''Regulate'', and new single, "Simon Says".<ref>http://www.kpopherald.com/view.php?ud=201811141104072241161_2</ref>

==Members==
This is a list of the members of NCT 127.<ref>Bell, Crystal. [http://www.mtv.com/news/3101558/nct-127-guide/ "ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT K-POP GROUP NCT 127 (EXCEPT THEIR BLOOD TYPE)"], ''[[MTV]]'', Retrieved on 24 October 2018.</ref>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Stage Name
! Birth Name
! Place of Birth
! D.O.B.
! Position
|-
| Taeil (태일)
| Moon Tae Il (문태일)
| Korea
| June 14, 1994
| Main vocal
|-
| Johnny (쟈니)
| Seo Young Ho (서영호)/ John Seo
| United States
| February 9, 1995
| Lead Rapper, Lead Dancer, Vocal
|-
| Taeyong (태용)
| Lee Tae Yong (이태용)
| Korea
| July 1, 1995
| Leader, Main rapper, Main dancer, Vocal, Visual, Centre, Face of the Group
|-
| Yuta (유타)
| Nakamoto Yuta (中本悠太)
| Japan
| October 26, 1995
| Main dancer, Vocal, Rapper
|-
| Doyoung (도영)
| Kim Dong Young (김동영‬)
| Korea
| February 1, 1996
| Main vocal
|-
| Jaehyun (재현)
| Jung Yoon Oh (정윤오)
| Korea
| February 14, 1997
| Lead vocal, Lead dancer, Rapper
|-
| Winwin (윈윈)
| Dong Si Cheng (董思成)
| China
| October 28, 1997
| Lead dancer, Vocal
|-
| Jungwoo (정우)
| Kim Jung-woo (김정우)
| Korea
| February 19, 1998
| Lead vocal, Lead dancer
|-
| Mark (마크)
| Lee Min Hyung (이민형)/ Mark Lee
| Canada
| August 2, 1999
| Main rapper, Vocal
|-
| Haechan (해찬)
| Lee Dong Hyuck (이동혁)
| Korean
| June 6, 2000
| Lead vocal, Lead Dancer, Sub-rapper, Maknae
|}

== Discography ==
{{Main|NCT discography}}
*''[[Regular-Irregular]]'' (2018)

==Concert and tours==
'''Headlining tours'''
* NCT 127 1st Japan Tour (2019)

==Awards and nominations==
{{Main|List of awards and nominations received by NCT}}

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{authority control}}
{{NCT (band)}}
[[Category:NCT (band)| ]]
[[Category:South Korean boy bands]]
[[Category:SM Town]]
[[Category:SM Entertainment artists]]
[[Category:2016 establishments in South Korea]]
[[Category:South Korean dance music groups]]
[[Category:South Korean pop music groups]]
[[Category:South Korean male dancers]]
[[Category:South Korean hip hop groups]]
[[Category:Musical groups established in 2016]]

NCT 127

2018-11-14T04:14:53Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by Bmx16 (talk) to last version by Nomethazine

Uma Bharti

2018-11-09T10:44:12Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 116.73.138.118 (talk) to last version by GünniX

{{EngvarB|date=June 2014}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2014}}
{{Infobox officeholder
| office = [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Minister of Drinking Water & Sanitation]]
| image = Uma Bharati in 2014.jpg
| caption = Uma Bharati in 2014
| predecessor = [[Narendra Singh Tomar]]
| primeminister = [[Narendra Modi]]
| office2 = [[Ministry of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation|Minister of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation]]
| predecessor2 = [[Harish Rawat]]
| primeminister2 = [[Narendra Modi]]
| party = [[Bharatiya Janata Party]]
| successor2 = [[Nitin Gadkari]]
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|df=yes| 1959|05|03}}
| birth_place = [[Tikamgarh]], [[Madhya Pradesh]], [[India]]
| otherparty = [[Bharatiya Janshakti Party]]
| alma_mater =
| occupation = Social, political activist
| President =
| term_start = 3 September 2017
| term_end =
| term_start2 = 16 May 2014
| term_end2 = 3 September 2017
| office3 = [[List of members of the 16th Lok Sabha|Member of Parliament]]
| constituency3 = [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh]]
| term_start3 = 16 May 2014
| predecessor3 = [[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]
| successor3 =
| office4 = [[List of Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh|15th]] [[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]
| constituency4 = [[Malhara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malhara]]
| term4 = 8 December 2003 – 22 August 2004
| predecessor4 = [[Digvijaya Singh]]
| successor4 = [[Babulal Gaur]]
}}
'''Uma Bharti''' (born 3 May 1959) is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Cabinet Minister for [[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Drinking Water and Sanitation]] in the [[Government of India|Union Government of India]]. She became involved with the [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] (BJP) at a young age, unsuccessfully contesting her first parliamentary elections in [[Indian general election, 1984|1984]]. In [[Indian general election, 1989|1989]], she successfully contested the [[Khajuraho (Lok Sabha constituency)|Khajuraho]] seat, and retained it in elections conducted in [[Indian general election, 1991|1991]], [[Indian general election, 1996|1996]] and [[Indian general election, 1998|1998]]. In [[Indian general election, 1999|1999]], she switched constituencies and won the [[Bhopal (Lok Sabha constituency)|Bhopal]] seat.

Bharti held various state-level and cabinet-level portfolios in the Ministry of Human Resource Development, Tourism, Youth Affairs and Sports, and also in Coal and Mines during the [[Second Vajpayee ministry|second]] as well as [[Third Vajpayee ministry|third]] ministry of [[Prime Minister of India|Prime Minister]] [[Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]. After [[Narendra Modi]] became the Indian Prime Minister in 2014, she was appointed the Minister for [[Ministry of Water Resources (India)|Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation]], and held this office until September 2017.

Bharti was among the leaders in the controversial [[Ram Janmabhoomi]] movement of the 1980s and 1990s, organised by the BJP and the [[Vishva Hindu Parishad]]. She was present at the [[demolition of the Babri Masjid]], and was later indicted by the [[Liberhan Commission]] for her role in the incident.

In the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly election, 2003|2003 State Assembly polls]], she led the BJP to a sweeping win in the [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly]]. She defeated her [[Indian National Congress]] (INC) opponent from the [[Malhara (Vidhan Sabha constituency)|Malehra]] seat by a 25 per cent margin. She resigned from the post of Chief Minister in August 2004, when an arrest warrant was issued against her regarding the 1994 [[Hubli]] riot case. After a falling-out with the BJP, she established her own political party for a while before returning to the fold and being elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] in the state of [[Uttar Pradesh]]. She was subsequently re-elected to the [[Lok Sabha]], the lower house of the [[Parliament of India]].

She is occasionally addressed by the [[Hinduism|Hindu]] honorific ''[[Sadhu|Sādhvī]]'', a respectful [[Sanskrit]] title for a female renunciant.<ref name="India Today">{{cite web|title=Powerpuff girls who rule Indian politics|url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/powerful-women-politicians-mamata-maya-uma-bharti-jayalalithaa/1/168014.html|publisher=India Today|accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref>

==Early life==
Uma Bharti was born on 3 May 1959 in Dunda, [[Tikamgarh District]] in the state of [[Madhya Pradesh]] to a family of peasants. She attended school up until the sixth standard. As a child, she displayed considerable interest in religious texts like the [[Bhagvad Gita]] which led to her being seen as a "spiritual" child.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?">{{cite web|last=Manjesh|first=Sindhu|title=Who is Uma Bharti?|url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/people/who-is-uma-bharti-348608|publisher=NDTV|accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref> She began to give religious discourses while still a child, which brought her into contact with [[Vijayaraje Scindia|Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia]], who would later become her political mentor.<ref>{{cite web|title=The Worldly Ascetic|url=http://www.businessandeconomy.org/03112005/storyd.asp?sid=539&pageno=1|publisher=Business and Economy|accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref> She describes herself in her youth as a "religious missionary".<ref name="bio">{{cite web |url=http://164.100.47.132/LssNew/Members/former_Biography.aspx?mpsno=496|title=Biographical Sketch – Member of Parliament 16th Lok Sabha |publisher=Lok Sabha website|accessdate=20 September 2014}}</ref>

==Political career==

===Rise to prominence and Ram Janmabhoomi===
With the support of [[Vijaya Raje Scindia]], Bharti became involved with the BJP in Madhya Pradesh while still in her twenties. In 1984, she contested Lok Sabha elections for the first time, but lost as the INC saw a surge in support following the assassination of [[Indira Gandhi]]. In 1989, she won in the Khajuraho Lok Sabha constituency, and retained the seat in the elections of 1991, 1996, and 1998.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

Bharti rose to national prominence when she became one of the major faces of the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, alongside [[L. K. Advani]] and others. Her fiery speeches are credited for helping the movement achieve its momentum.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/> In December 1992, she was one of several prominent [[Sangh Parivar]] figures present at a rally in [[Ayodhya]] that developed into a riot, culminating in the demolition of the [[Babri Mosque]].<ref name="Through the lens">{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Jeemon|title=Babri Masjid Demolition: Through the Lens|url=http://www.tehelka.com/babri-masjid-demolition-through-the-lens/|publisher=Tehelka|accessdate=6 December 2013}}</ref> Bharti was indicted for inciting a mob to violence by the [[Liberhan Commission]] that probed the incident.<ref name="Bhagwat">{{cite news|last=Bhagwat|first=Ramu|title=Own up responsibility, Uma Bharti tells BJP|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2009-07-02/nagpur/28201126_1_uma-bharti-babri-mosque-demolition-bjp-leaders|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=Times of India|date=2 July 2009}}</ref> Bharti has denied that she incited the mob but says she does not regret it and that she is willing to take "moral responsibility" for the demolition.<ref name="thehindu.com">{{cite news|title=I take moral responsibility: Uma Bharti|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/i-take-moral-responsibility-uma-bharti/article54135.ece|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=24 November 2009}}</ref> She acknowledges that the BJP reaped massive political benefits from the incident.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite news|title=Uma Bharti flays Kalyan for regretting Babri demolition|url=http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-national/tp-otherstates/uma-bharti-flays-kalyan-for-regretting-babri-demolition/article309901.ece|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=The Hindu|date=18 April 2009}}</ref> In April 2017, the [[Supreme Court of India]] reinstated a criminal conspiracy case against Bharti and other BJP leaders.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.business-standard.com/article/current-affairs/babri-case-sc-restores-criminal-conspiracy-charges-against-advani-joshi-117041900287_1.html|title=Babri case: SC restores criminal conspiracy charges against Advani, Joshi|last=India|first=Press Trust of|date=2017-04-19|work=Business Standard India|access-date=2017-04-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://news.micnode.com/en/babri-masjid-demolition-sc-criminal-lk-advani-manohar-joshi-uma-bharti-20170419|title=Babri Masjid Demolition: SC reinstated criminal conspiracy against LK Advani, Murli Manohar Joshi and Uma Bharti|date=2017-04-19|work=MicNode News|access-date=2017-04-19|language=en-US|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170420144634/https://news.micnode.com/en/babri-masjid-demolition-sc-criminal-lk-advani-manohar-joshi-uma-bharti-20170419|archivedate=20 April 2017|df=dmy-all}}</ref>

Bharti has called for the BJP to stop avoiding responsibility for the Ram Janmabhoomi movement, saying:{{quote|The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) came to power twice at the Centre riding on the Ram Mandir movement wave. So it should not disown the movement and wriggle out of its responsibility for the Babri mosque demolition. I was in the BJP then and was present at the site on the fateful day. I am ready to face any consequence, even to go to jail.<ref name="Bhagwat"/>}} She has also denied the presence of any conspiracy by the Sangh, while stating that she does not regret the demolition, as it furthers the goal of building a Ram Mandir there.<ref name="Through the lens"/><ref name="thehindu.com"/>

In the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Bharti switched constituencies and won the Bhopal seat. She became a cabinet member of the Vajpayee administration, and held various state- and cabinet-level portfolios, being those for Human Resource Development, Tourism, Youth Affairs and Sports, and finally Coal and Mines.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

===Chief Minister===
Bharti was appointed the Chief Ministerial candidate of the BJP for the 2003 Assembly polls in Madhya Pradesh. On the back of a fierce campaign based on a platform of development, and helped along by her reputation as a [[Hindutva]] firebrand, she led the party to a sweeping victory in which it won 173 out of 230 seats in the legislature.<ref name="India Today"/><ref>{{cite news|title=BJP sweeps out Congress from 3 states|url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2003/20031205/main1.htm|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=The Tribune|date=5 December 2003}}</ref> She was elected as a [[Member of the Legislative Assembly (India)|Member of the Legislative Assembly]] (MLA) of [[Madhya Pradesh Legislative Assembly|Madhya Pradesh]]<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

===Bharatiya Janashakti Party===
In August 2004, after only a year in office, an arrest warrant was issued against Bharti in connection with the 1994 Hubli riots,{{clarify|reason=we need to explain what this was. Our Hubli article makes no mention of it|date=January 2018}} forcing her resignation.<ref name="IE">{{cite news|url=http://www.indianexpress.com/oldstory.php?storyid=53859|title=Uma 'happily' goes to jail ensuring party goes to town|publisher=Indian Express|accessdate=20 March 2009}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/824224.cms |title=BJP meet to decide Uma Bharati's fate |publisher=The Times of India |accessdate=20 March 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208163735/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/824224.cms |archivedate=8 February 2009 }}</ref> In November 2004, she had a public falling out with Advani during a meeting at the BJP headquarters. This led to a suspension from the BJP, which was revoked a few months later at the insistence of the [[Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh]] (RSS), a [[Hindu nationalism|Hindu nationalist]] social service volunteer organisation.<ref name="India Today"/> She continued to publicly defy the BJP high command, insisting that she replace [[Shivraj Singh Chouhan]] as the Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh, which led to several [[show-cause]] notices from the party, and eventually, to her expulsion.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

In response, Bharti floated her own political party, the [[Bharatiya Janshakti Party]]. She stated that her party followed the ideology of the RSS, and claimed that she had the support of [[Mohan Bhagwat]], head of the RSS.<ref name="Bhagwat"/> However, the party had a marked lack of political success.<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/>

===Re-entry into the BJP===
Bharti was re-inducted into the BJP on 7 June 2011. She was tasked with reviving the party in Uttar Pradesh, ahead of that state's [[Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly election, 2012|assembly election]] in 2012.<ref>{{cite news|title=Back to BJP|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics/nation/uma-bharti-re-inducted-into-bjp/articleshow/8758452.cms|accessdate=7 June 2011|newspaper=Economic Times|date=7 June 2011}}</ref> In those elections, she was elected to the [[Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly]] from the [[Charkhari (Assembly constituency)|Charkhari constituency]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eci.nic.in/eci_main/StatisticalReports/AE2012/Stats_Report_UP2012.pdf|title=STATISTICAL REPORT ON GENERAL ELECTION, 2012 TO THE LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY OF UTTAR PRADESH|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/uma-bharti-kalraj-mishra-and-rita-bahuguna-among-winners/article2967808.ece|title=Uma Bharti, Kalraj Mishra and Rita Bahuguna among winners|publisher=THE HINDU| date=7 March 2012}}</ref> Subsequently, she was appointed to the position of party vice-president along with twelve others, as part of a team created to guide the BJP through the [[Indian general election, 2014|2014 Lok Sabha elections]].<ref name="Who is Uma Bharti?"/> On 16 May 2014, she was elected to the Lok Sabha from [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi constituency]] by defeating [[Chandrapal Singh Yadav|Chandrapal Yadav]] of the [[Samajwadi Party]].<ref name="The Economic Times">{{cite web|url=http://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/election-results-2014-seven-union-ministers-taste-humiliating-defeat-in-uttar-pradesh/articleshow/35219947.cms|title=Election Results 2014: Seven Union Ministers taste humiliating defeat in Uttar Pradesh|publisher=The Economic Times| date=16 May 2014}}</ref><ref name="ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA">{{cite web|url=http://eciresults.nic.in/ConstituencywiseS2446.htm?ac=46|title=GENERAL ELECTION TO LOK SABHA TRENDS & RESULT 2014, Uttar Pradesh – Jhansi|publisher=ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA| date=16 May 2014}}</ref> She served as the Minister for Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation from 26 May 2014 to 1 September 2017.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://indianexpress.com/article/india/politics/narendra-modi-government-list-of-portfolios-and-ministers/|title=Narendra Modi government: Full list of portfolios and ministers|work= The Indian Express|date=27 May 2014}}</ref> She became the Minister of drinking water and sanitation on 3 September 2017.<ref>{{citation |title=Cabinet rejig: Uma, Rudy skip swearing-in ceremony |url=http://m.timesofindia.com/india/cabinet-rejig-uma-rudy-skip-swearing-in-ceremony/articleshow/60354534.cms |work=[[The Times of India]] |date=4 September 2017 }}</ref>

==Political positions==

===FDI in retail in India===
In late November 2011, when the Government of India decided to allow 51% [[Foreign direct investment]] in multi-brand retail and 100% in single brand retail, Uma Bharti threatened [[Walmart]] with arson should they enter the Indian market.<ref>http://ibnlive.in.com/news/will-set-walmart-store-on-fire-uma-bharti/205774-37-64.html</ref>

==See also==
*[[Uma Bharti ministry (2003-2004)]]

==References==
{{reflist|2}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Uma Bharti}}
* [https://www.twitter.com/umasribharti Official Twitter]
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3245988.stm "''India's firebrand Hindu nun''"] – [[BBC News]] article dated 30 November 2005
* [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/3998315.stm BBC article on Uma Bharti's suspension]

{{s-start}}
{{s-par|in-lwr}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Pradeep Jain Aditya]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=Member of Parliament for [[Jhansi (Lok Sabha constituency)|Jhansi]] |years=2014 – Present}}
{{s-aft|after=Incumbent}}
|-
{{s-off}}
{{s-bef|before=[[Digvijay Singh (politician)|Digvijay Singh]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh]]|years= 8 December 2003 – 22 August 2004}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Babulal Gaur]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=(Erstwhile Ministry of Water Resources) [[Harish Rawat]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Water Resources (India)|Minister of Water Resources, River Development & Ganga Rejuvenation]]|years= 26 May 2014 – 3 September 2017}}
{{s-aft|after=[[Nitin Gadkari]]}}
|-
{{s-bef|before=[[Narendra Singh Tomar]]}}
{{s-ttl|title=[[Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation|Minister of Drinking Water and Sanitation]]|years= 3 September 2017 – Present}}
{{s-inc}}
{{s-end}}

{{Cabinet of Narendra Modi}}
{{16th LS members from Uttar Pradesh}}
{{Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party chief ministers|state=collapsed}}
{{Bharatiya Janata Party}}
{{Sangh Parivar}}
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Bharti, Uma}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:People from Tikamgarh district]]
[[Category:Chief Ministers of Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Madhya Pradesh MLAs 2003–08]]
[[Category:Hindu nuns]]
[[Category:9th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:10th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:11th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:12th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:13th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:16th Lok Sabha members]]
[[Category:Chief ministers from Bharatiya Janata Party]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Women chief ministers of Indian states]]
[[Category:Vishva Hindu Parishad members]]
[[Category:Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Madhya Pradesh]]
[[Category:Members of the Cabinet of India]]
[[Category:Tourism ministers of India]]
[[Category:Union ministers of state of India with independent charge]]
[[Category:Uttar Pradesh MLAs 2012–17]]
[[Category:Women in Uttar Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Women in Madhya Pradesh politics]]
[[Category:Narendra Modi ministry]]
[[Category:Far-right politicians in India]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:20th-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian women politicians]]
[[Category:21st-century Indian politicians]]
[[Category:Women members of the Lok Sabha]]
[[Category:Lok Sabha members from Uttar Pradesh]]

YouTube Music

2018-10-27T18:45:23Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 105.67.3.120 (talk) to last version by RelevantSwimmer

{{Infobox software
| name = YouTube Music
| logo = File:YouTubeMusic Logo.png
| logo alt = YouTube Music Logo
| logo caption =
| logo size = 200px
| screenshot = 
| screenshot alt =
| caption = A red circle with a smaller outline of a white circle inside. A play button triangle is shown in the center.
| collapsible = 
| author =
| developer = [[YouTube]]
| released = {{Start date and age|2015|11|12|df=no}}
| discontinued = 
| ver layout = 
| latest release version =
| latest release date = 
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = 
| repo = 
| programming language =
| operating system = [[Android (operating system)|Android]], [[iOS]]
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| language count = 
| language footnote =
| genre = [[Music streaming]]
| license =
| alexa =
| website = {{URL|https://music.youtube.com}}
| standard =
| AsOf =
}}
'''YouTube Music''' is a [[Comparison of on-demand streaming music services|music streaming service]] developed by [[YouTube]]; it provides a tailored interface for the service oriented towards music streaming, allowing users to browse through music videos on YouTube based on genres, playlists, and recommendations. The service also offers a premium tier, which enables ad-free playback, audio-only background playback, and downloading songs for offline playback. These subscription benefits are also offered to subscribers of [[Google Play Music]] and [[YouTube Premium]].

The app is available in 22 countries: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Brazil, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Mexico, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Russia, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom and the United States.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J1aOXKVnKqU |title=System requirements & availability |website=YouTube Music Help |date= |publisher= |access-date=2018-10-24}}</ref>

==History==
The YouTube Music app was unveiled in October 2015 and released the following month; its release came alongside the unveiling of [[YouTube Red]], a larger subscription service that covers the entirety of the YouTube platform, including the Music app. Although redundant to [[Google]]'s existing [[Google Play Music]] All Access subscription service, the app is designed for users who primarily consume music through YouTube.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2015/10/21/9566973/youtube-red-ad-free-offline-paid-subscription-service|title=Exclusive: An inside look at the new ad-free YouTube Red|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-05-17|language=en-US}}</ref><ref name="engadget-ytmusic"/>

On May 17, 2018, YouTube announced a new version of the YouTube Music app, which will include a desktop player and redesigned mobile app, more dynamic recommendations based on various factors, and use of Google artificial intelligence technology to search songs based on lyrics and descriptions. In addition, YouTube Music will become a separate subscription service (positioned as a more direct competitor to [[Apple Music]] and [[Spotify]]), offering ad-free and background/audio-only streaming, and downloading for offline playback, for music content on YouTube. The service's benefits will continue to be available as part of the existing [[YouTube Premium]] (formerly YouTube Red) service, and to Google Play Music All Access subscribers. The YouTube Music subscription will be priced in line with its competitors at US$9.99 per-month; the price of YouTube Premium will concurrently increase to $11.99 for new subscribers.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2018/05/youtubes-revamped-music-subscription-service-launches-on-may-22/|title=New YouTube Music Premium costs $9.99 monthly, add $2 to get all Red perks|work=Ars Technica|access-date=2018-05-18|language=en-us}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/17/17364056/youtube-music-premium-google-launch|title=Google announces YouTube Music and YouTube Premium|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-05-17}}</ref>

The service will initially operate in parallel with Google Play Music, but product manager Elias Roman stated that Google Play Music users will eventually be migrated to YouTube Music after it reaches feature parity with Google Play Music (including the addition of features such as music purchases and a cloud-based library for user-provided music). YouTube Music product manager T. Jay Fowler stated that collections, playlists and preferences would be migrated.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/5/23/17386752/youtube-music-uploads-feature-google-play-music|title=YouTube Music will eventually get Google Play Music’s best features, including user uploads|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-05-24}}</ref>

==Features==
The app allows users to browse and stream all music-oriented videos on YouTube. The availability of music includes many of the releases from mainstream artists and extends to any video categorized as music on the YouTube service. Songs play via their [[music video]]s where applicable. YouTube Music Premium subscribers are able to switch to an audio-only mode that can play in the background while the application is not in use.<ref name="engadget-ytmusic">{{cite web | title = YouTube Music isn't perfect, but it's still heaven for music nerds | url = https://www.engadget.com/2015/11/12/youtube-music-app-hands-on/ | publisher = Engadget | accessdate = November 7, 2016}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|https://music.youtube.com}}

{{YouTube navbox}}
{{Music digital distribution platforms}}

[[Category:Streaming music services]]
[[Category:YouTube]]

Immer Ärger mit dem Hasen

2018-09-15T18:26:08Z

Theinstantmatrix: had to restore the infobox to clean out any gags.

{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Hollywood cartoon
|cartoon_name = Wabbit Twouble
|series = [[Merrie Melodies]] ([[Bugs Bunny]])
|image = WabbitTwouble Lobby Card.png
|caption = Lobby card
|director = [[Bob Clampett]] (credited as Wobert Cwampett and for Superwision)
|story_artist = Dave Monahan (credited for Stowy)
|animator = Sid Sutherland (credited as Sid Suthewand) [[Virgil Ross]] (unc.) [[Rod Scribner]] (unc.) [[Robert McKimson]] (unc.)
|voice_actor = [[Mel Blanc]] (unc.) [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] (unc.)
|musician = [[Carl Stalling]] (credited as Cawl W. Stawwing and for Musical Diwection)
|background_artist = John Didrik Johnsen (unc.)
|producer = [[Leon Schlesinger]]
|distributor = [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]
|studio = Leon Schlesinger Productions
|release_date = December 20, 1941
|color_process = [[Technicolor]]
|runtime = 8:22 (1 reel)
|movie_language = [[English language|English]]
}}

'''''Wabbit Twouble''''' ("Rabbit Trouble" in Elmer Fudd's speech impediment)<ref>{{cite book|last=Taggart|first=Caroline|title=Does a Bear Sh*t in the Woods?: Answers to Rhetorical Questions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isZEd2_ZjgsC&pg=PT48|date=26 July 2011|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-53999-6|page=48}}</ref> is a ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' [[cartoon]] starring [[Bugs Bunny]], produced by [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Leon Schlesinger Productions]] and released on December 20, 1941 by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. This is the first time one of several [[Bugs Bunny]] cartoon titles refers to [[Elmer Fudd]]'s speech impediment, making the names of [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]], and [[Carl Stalling]] as well as the roles of Story, Supervision, and Musical Direction intentionally misspelled in the credits to receive the perfect match for Elmer's speech impediment.

In the cartoon, Elmer expects to find rest and relaxation at Jellostone National Park, but he mistakenly sets camp in the neighborhood of Bugs' rabbit hole, and Bugs (and a neighboring bear) don't have much leisure in mind. It was the first Bugs Bunny & Elmer Fudd cartoon directed by [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], with a story by Dave Monahan and musical direction by [[Carl Stalling]]. [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]] is the only credited animator, although [[Virgil Ross]], [[Rod Scribner]], and [[Robert McKimson]] also animated the short. [[Mel Blanc]] provided the voices for Bugs and the [[bear]], and [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] provided the voice for Elmer.

==Plot==
Elmer, driving his [[Ford Model T]] [[jalopy]] to a [[Conga (music)|Conga]] beat, makes his way to Jellostone National Park (a pun on [[Yellowstone National Park]]) while looking forward to rest and relaxation. Elmer sets up his campsite by setting a fire to cook with, hanging a mirror on a tree and, beneath it, situating a wash basin on a table, hanging a hammock and, lastly, pitching his tent. The tent is positioned directly over Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole (just as Elmer had arrived, Bugs had posted a sign next to his hole saying 'Camp Here', then had retreated into the lair, covering it with grass as he went). From down there, Bugs unpitches and drags the tent inside. Elmer reaches in and, in spite of resistance from below, retrieves the tent although it is tied in knots. Bugs pops up, welcomes Elmer to Jellostone ("a restful retreat. Oh brudda!") and pulls Elmer's hat over his eyes. Elmer reaches in again and tries to yank Bugs out; after several attempts, Elmer pulls his hands out to find that his fingers are tied together. He nails a board over the hole ("that'll hold him awite, heh heh heh"). However, Bugs simply pushes it open, steps out and mimics Elmer by ballooning up to Elmer's weight and repeating what Elmer had said, labeling it "phooey". Elmer has settled into his hammock and quickly falls fast asleep, muttering to himself.

Bugs places a pair of glasses on Elmer's face, paints the lenses black and sets the alarm clock to go off at twelve o'clock. When it wakes Elmer, he thinks it is night, since everything seems dark. He goes to his tent, takes off his day clothes to reveal night clothes underneath, and goes to sleep in bed. Bugs then removes the glasses from Elmer and crows like a rooster, awakening Elmer who now believes it is the next morning.

Elmer washes his face but cannot reach his towel because it is hanging on a branch which Bugs keeps at a steady, short distance from him. Elmer blindly follows the towel ("I do this kind of stuff to him all through the picture", Bugs [[Breaking the fourth wall|confides to the audience]]). He causes Elmer to step off a cliff edge. Elmer looks at the miraculous view of the [[Grand Canyon]], but suddenly realizes he is in midair. He runs back to safety and holds on to Bugs for dear life. Bugs then admits he is the one pulling these gags and runs off, with a furious Elmer giving chase after retrieving a gun from his tent. However, he runs into a black bear. The bear starts growling, and so Elmer turns to a wildlife handbook for advice, which directs him to play dead.

The bear soon gives up (after sniffing Elmer's "[[Body odor|B.O.]]" – his feet), but Bugs climbs onto Elmer and starts growling exactly like the bear. He misbehaves in various ways to keep Elmer on the ground with his eyes shut, but just as he starts biting Elmer's foot, Elmer sees what is going on and grabs his rifle. The bear returns and Bugs runs away just as Elmer swings the gun, clobbering the bear rather than the rabbit. A chase ensues with Elmer and the bear running through the trees to the tune of the "[[William Tell Overture]]." Finally, the bear freaks Elmer out by riding on top of him.

When the bear is knocked off him after hitting a tree branch, Elmer gives up and packs everything into his car (almost including a huge tree). He passes the welcome sign at the gate on his way out, backs up and reads it again. He declares its promise of "a restful retreat" to be "bawogney!" and, to teach the park not to give false advertisement, he chops the sign to bits with an ax and stomps on the pieces while calling the park's "peace and wewaxation" promises "wubbish!" A ranger (along with Bugs) appears, and has an angry expression on his face. Elmer is arrested for the destruction of government property, and from his jail cell window he tells us that "anyway" he is "wid of that gwizzwy bear and scwewy wabbit! West and wewaxation at wast!" Unfortunately, however, he turns to find out that somehow he is sharing his cell with both Bugs ''and'' the black bear. Both of them ask how long he is in jail for ("Pardon me but, how long ya in for, doc?") they ask.

==Production==
For this cartoon, Elmer was redesigned as a fat man (based on voice actor [[Arthur Q. Bryan]]'s own physique) in an attempt to make him funnier. The "fat Elmer" would only make three more appearances in the ''Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies'' canon – ''[[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]'', ''[[The Wacky Wabbit]]'' and ''[[Fresh Hare]]'', in addition to a [[cameo appearance]] in the non-canon war bond advertisement ''[[Any Bonds Today?]]'' – before returning to the slimmer form by which he is better known, for ''[[The Hare-Brained Hypnotist]]''. This cartoon was the only time, though, that the Fat Elmer also had a red nose. This is the only cartoon with the "fat" version of Elmer to remain under copyright; the other "fat Elmer" cartoons are in the public domain.

Bugs would show up in a prison two more times: in ''[[Rebel Rabbit]]'' (1949) and ''[[Big House Bunny]]'' (1950). At the ends of ''[[Rabbit Transit (cartoon)|Rabbit Transit]]'' (1947) and ''[[Hare Brush]]'' (1955) he is arrested, but not actually shown in prison therein.

The lobby card where Bugs paints Elmer's glasses black is also done in the film.

==Availability==
* DVD - [[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]], Volume 1
* Blu-ray - [[Looney Tunes Platinum Collection]], Volume 2

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|34368}}
* {{bcdb title|5268}}
* [https://archive.org/download/ClassicRareAndCensoredCartoons/122041dvdWabbitTwoubleMm.mp4 ''Wabbit Twouble'' on the Internet Archive]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before = [[All This and Rabbit Stew]]
|title = [[List of Bugs Bunny cartoons|Bugs Bunny Cartoons]]
|years = 1941
|after = [[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]
}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:1941 animated films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bob Clampett]]
[[Category:Merrie Melodies shorts]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in national parks]]
[[Category:1940s American animated films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Carl Stalling]]

Immer Ärger mit dem Hasen

2018-09-15T18:20:21Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted to revision 856834015 by Eliskuya2 (talk): Rvv.

{{Refimprove|date=December 2009}}
{{Infobox Hollywood cartoon
|cartoon_name = Wabbit Twouble
|series = [[Merrie Melodies]] ([[Bugs Bunny]])
|image = WabbitTwouble Lobby Card.png
|caption = Lobby card
|director = '''Superwision:''' [[Bob Clampett|Wobert Cwampett]]
|story_artist = '''Stowy:''' Dave Monahan
|animator = [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Suthewand]] '''Additional animation:''' [[Virgil Ross|Virgil Woss]] (unc.) [[Rod Scribner|Wod Scwibner]] (unc.) [[Robert McKimson|Wobert McKimson]] (unc.) '''Painter:''' Mawtha Sigall (unc.)
|voice_actor = [[Mel Blanc|Mel Bwanc]] (unc.) [[Arthur Q. Bryan|Awthur Q. Bwyan]] (unc.)
|musician = '''Musical diwection:''' [[Carl Stalling|Cawl W. Stawwing]] '''Orchestwation:''' [[Milt Franklyn|Milt Frankwyn]] (unc.)
|background_artist = John Didwik Johnsen (unc.)
|producer = [[Leon Schlesinger|Weon Schwesinger]]
|distributor = [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]
|studio = Weon Schwesinger Pwoductions
|release_date = December 20, 1941
|color_process = [[Technicolor]]
|runtime = 8:22 (1 weel)
|movie_language = [[English language]]
}}

'''''Wabbit Twouble''''' ("Rabbit Trouble" in Elmer Fudd's speech impediment)<ref>{{cite book|last=Taggart|first=Caroline|title=Does a Bear Sh*t in the Woods?: Answers to Rhetorical Questions|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=isZEd2_ZjgsC&pg=PT48|date=26 July 2011|publisher=Penguin Group US|isbn=978-1-101-53999-6|page=48}}</ref> is a ''[[Merrie Melodies]]'' [[cartoon]] starring [[Bugs Bunny]], produced by [[Warner Bros. Cartoons|Leon Schlesinger Productions]] and released on December 20, 1941 by [[Warner Bros. Pictures]]. This is the first time one of several [[Bugs Bunny]] cartoon titles refers to [[Elmer Fudd]]'s speech impediment, making the names of [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]], and [[Carl Stalling]] as well as the roles of Story, Supervision, and Musical Direction intentionally misspelled in the credits to receive the perfect match for Elmer's speech impediment.

In the cartoon, Elmer expects to find rest and relaxation at Jellostone National Park, but he mistakenly sets camp in the neighborhood of Bugs' rabbit hole, and Bugs (and a neighboring bear) don't have much leisure in mind. It was the first Bugs Bunny & Elmer Fudd cartoon directed by [[Bob Clampett|Robert Clampett]], with a story by Dave Monahan and musical direction by [[Carl Stalling]]. [[Sidney Sutherland|Sid Sutherland]] is the only credited animator, although [[Virgil Ross]], [[Rod Scribner]], and [[Robert McKimson]] also animated the short. [[Mel Blanc]] provided the voices for Bugs and the [[bear]], and [[Arthur Q. Bryan]] provided the voice for Elmer.

==Plot==
Elmer, driving his [[Ford Model T]] [[jalopy]] to a [[Conga (music)|Conga]] beat, makes his way to Jellostone National Park (a pun on [[Yellowstone National Park]]) while looking forward to rest and relaxation. Elmer sets up his campsite by setting a fire to cook with, hanging a mirror on a tree and, beneath it, situating a wash basin on a table, hanging a hammock and, lastly, pitching his tent. The tent is positioned directly over Bugs Bunny's rabbit hole (just as Elmer had arrived, Bugs had posted a sign next to his hole saying 'Camp Here', then had retreated into the lair, covering it with grass as he went). From down there, Bugs unpitches and drags the tent inside. Elmer reaches in and, in spite of resistance from below, retrieves the tent although it is tied in knots. Bugs pops up, welcomes Elmer to Jellostone ("a restful retreat. Oh brudda!") and pulls Elmer's hat over his eyes. Elmer reaches in again and tries to yank Bugs out; after several attempts, Elmer pulls his hands out to find that his fingers are tied together. He nails a board over the hole ("that'll hold him awite, heh heh heh"). However, Bugs simply pushes it open, steps out and mimics Elmer by ballooning up to Elmer's weight and repeating what Elmer had said, labeling it "phooey". Elmer has settled into his hammock and quickly falls fast asleep, muttering to himself.

Bugs places a pair of glasses on Elmer's face, paints the lenses black and sets the alarm clock to go off at twelve o'clock. When it wakes Elmer, he thinks it is night, since everything seems dark. He goes to his tent, takes off his day clothes to reveal night clothes underneath, and goes to sleep in bed. Bugs then removes the glasses from Elmer and crows like a rooster, awakening Elmer who now believes it is the next morning.

Elmer washes his face but cannot reach his towel because it is hanging on a branch which Bugs keeps at a steady, short distance from him. Elmer blindly follows the towel ("I do this kind of stuff to him all through the picture", Bugs [[Breaking the fourth wall|confides to the audience]]). He causes Elmer to step off a cliff edge. Elmer looks at the miraculous view of the [[Grand Canyon]], but suddenly realizes he is in midair. He runs back to safety and holds on to Bugs for dear life. Bugs then admits he is the one pulling these gags and runs off, with a furious Elmer giving chase after retrieving a gun from his tent. However, he runs into a black bear. The bear starts growling, and so Elmer turns to a wildlife handbook for advice, which directs him to play dead.

The bear soon gives up (after sniffing Elmer's "[[Body odor|B.O.]]" – his feet), but Bugs climbs onto Elmer and starts growling exactly like the bear. He misbehaves in various ways to keep Elmer on the ground with his eyes shut, but just as he starts biting Elmer's foot, Elmer sees what is going on and grabs his rifle. The bear returns and Bugs runs away just as Elmer swings the gun, clobbering the bear rather than the rabbit. A chase ensues with Elmer and the bear running through the trees to the tune of the "[[William Tell Overture]]." Finally, the bear freaks Elmer out by riding on top of him.

When the bear is knocked off him after hitting a tree branch, Elmer gives up and packs everything into his car (almost including a huge tree). He passes the welcome sign at the gate on his way out, backs up and reads it again. He declares its promise of "a restful retreat" to be "bawogney!" and, to teach the park not to give false advertisement, he chops the sign to bits with an ax and stomps on the pieces while calling the park's "peace and wewaxation" promises "wubbish!" A ranger (along with Bugs) appears, and has an angry expression on his face. Elmer is arrested for the destruction of government property, and from his jail cell window he tells us that "anyway" he is "wid of that gwizzwy bear and scwewy wabbit! West and wewaxation at wast!" Unfortunately, however, he turns to find out that somehow he is sharing his cell with both Bugs ''and'' the black bear. Both of them ask how long he is in jail for ("Pardon me but, how long ya in for, doc?") they ask.

==Production==
For this cartoon, Elmer was redesigned as a fat man (based on voice actor [[Arthur Q. Bryan]]'s own physique) in an attempt to make him funnier. The "fat Elmer" would only make three more appearances in the ''Looney Tunes/Merrie Melodies'' canon – ''[[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]'', ''[[The Wacky Wabbit]]'' and ''[[Fresh Hare]]'', in addition to a [[cameo appearance]] in the non-canon war bond advertisement ''[[Any Bonds Today?]]'' – before returning to the slimmer form by which he is better known, for ''[[The Hare-Brained Hypnotist]]''. This cartoon was the only time, though, that the Fat Elmer also had a red nose. This is the only cartoon with the "fat" version of Elmer to remain under copyright; the other "fat Elmer" cartoons are in the public domain.

Bugs would show up in a prison two more times: in ''[[Rebel Rabbit]]'' (1949) and ''[[Big House Bunny]]'' (1950). At the ends of ''[[Rabbit Transit (cartoon)|Rabbit Transit]]'' (1947) and ''[[Hare Brush]]'' (1955) he is arrested, but not actually shown in prison therein.

The lobby card where Bugs paints Elmer's glasses black is also done in the film.

==Availability==
* DVD - [[Looney Tunes Golden Collection]], Volume 1
* Blu-ray - [[Looney Tunes Platinum Collection]], Volume 2

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb title|34368}}
* {{bcdb title|5268}}
* [https://archive.org/download/ClassicRareAndCensoredCartoons/122041dvdWabbitTwoubleMm.mp4 ''Wabbit Twouble'' on the Internet Archive]

{{s-start}}
{{succession box
|before = [[All This and Rabbit Stew]]
|title = [[List of Bugs Bunny cartoons|Bugs Bunny Cartoons]]
|years = 1941
|after = [[The Wabbit Who Came to Supper]]
}}
{{s-end}}

[[Category:1941 animated films]]
[[Category:Films directed by Bob Clampett]]
[[Category:Merrie Melodies shorts]]
[[Category:American films]]
[[Category:English-language films]]
[[Category:Films set in national parks]]
[[Category:1940s American animated films]]
[[Category:Films scored by Carl Stalling]]

Flossie Wong-Staal

2018-09-11T22:11:08Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 169.199.224.106 (talk) to last version by Ser Amantio di Nicolao

{{Infobox scientist
| name = Flossie Wong-Staal
| image = Nci-vol-8247-300 flossie wong staal.jpg
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption =
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1947|8|27}}
| birth_place = [[Guangzhou]], [[Kwangtung Province]], [[China]]<ref>{{cite web|last1=Thomson|first1=Gale|title=Wong-Staal, Flossie|url=http://www.encyclopedia.com/article-1G2-2588825140/wong-staal-flossie-1946.html|website=Encyclopedia.com|accessdate=6 September 2015|date=2007}}</ref>
| death_date = 
| death_place =
| resting_place =
| resting_place_coordinates = 
| residence =
| citizenship =
| nationality = [[United States|American]]
| fields = [[Virology]]
| workplaces = [[University of California, San Diego]], iTherX
| alma_mater = [[University of California, Los Angeles]] (Ph.D., 1972)
| thesis_title =
| thesis_url =
| thesis_year =
| doctoral_advisor =
| academic_advisors = [[Robert Gallo]]
| doctoral_students =
| notable_students =
| known_for = Cloning of [[HIV]]
| author_abbrev_bot =
| author_abbrev_zoo =
| influences =
| influenced =
| awards =
| signature = 
| signature_alt =
| website = 
| footnotes =
| spouse =
}}
'''Flossie Wong-Staal''' (born August 27, 1947), née '''Wong Yee Ching''' ({{zh|t=黄以静|p=Huáng Yǐjìng}}), is a Chinese-American [[virologist]] and [[molecular biologist]]. She was the first scientist to clone [[HIV]] and determine the function of its genes, a major step in proving that HIV is the cause of [[AIDS]]. From 1990 to 2002, she held the Florence Riford Chair in AIDS Research at the [[University of California, San Diego]] (UCSD). She was co-founder and, after retiring from UCSD, Chief Scientific Officer of [[Immusol]], which was renamed iTherX Pharmaceuticals in 2007 when it transitioned to a drug development company focused on [[hepatitis C]], and where she remains Chief Scientific Officer.<ref name="PRN">{{cite news | title = Immusol Chief Scientific Officer, Flossie Wong-Staal, Ph.D., Named One of Top 50 Women Scientists | publisher = PR Newswire | date = October 15, 2002}}</ref>

== Childhood and early life ==
Born as Wong Yee Ching in [[Guangzhou]], China in 1947, Wong-Staal was among many Chinese citizens to flee to Hong Kong after the Communist revolution in the late 1940s. During her time in Hong Kong, Wong attended a girls' catholic school where she excelled in science.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://www.biography-center.com/biographies/10406-Wong_Staal_Flossie.html|title=Biographies of Flossie Wong-Staal Scientists|website=www.biography-center.com|access-date=2016-04-04}}</ref> Throughout her time at the school she was encouraged by many of her teachers to further her studies in the United States. Her father chose the name Flossie for her after a massive storm that had struck their area around this time.<ref name=":0" />

When she turned 18, she left Hong Kong in order to attend the [[University of California, Los Angeles]] where she would pursue a BS in bacteriology. Once she had earned her bachelor's degree, she would go on to earn a PhD in molecular biology from UCLA in 1972. She did her postdoc work at the University of California, San Diego, where she would continue to research.<ref name=":0" />

==Professional career==
In 1972, following the receipt of her PhD, Wong-Staal undertook postdoctoral research at UCSD. Her postdoctoral work continued until 1974, when she left to work for [[Robert Gallo]] at the [[National Cancer Institute]] (NCI). At the institute, Wong-Staal began her research into [[retroviruses]].<ref name="NAA">{{cite book | title = Notable Asian Americans | publisher = Gale Research | year = 1995}}</ref>

In 1983, Wong-Staal, Gallo and her team of NCI scientists identified HIV as the cause of [[AIDS]], simultaneously with [[Luc Montagnier]]. Two years later, Wong-Staal cloned HIV and then completed genetic mapping of the virus. The genetic mapping made it possible to develop HIV tests.<ref name="WOH">{{cite book | title = World of Health | publisher = Gale Group | year = 2000}}</ref>

In 1990 a team of researchers led by Wong-Staal studied the effects that the Tat protein within the viral strain HIV-1 would have on the growth of cells found within Kaposi’s Sarcoma lesions commonly found in AIDS patients.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Ratner|first=Lee|last2=Haseltine|first2=William|last3=Patarca|first3=Roberto|last4=Livak|first4=Kenneth J.|last5=Starcich|first5=Bruno|last6=Josephs|first6=Steven F.|last7=Doran|first7=Ellen R.|last8=Rafalski|first8=J. Antoni|last9=Whitehorn|first9=Erik A.|date=1985-01-24|title=Complete nucleotide sequence of the AIDS virus, HTLV-III|url=http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v313/n6000/abs/313277a0.html|journal=Nature|language=en|volume=313|issue=6000|pages=277–284|doi=10.1038/313277a0|pmid=2578615}}</ref> The team of researchers performed tests on a variety of cells that carried the tat protein and observed the rate of cell proliferation in cells infected by HIV-1 and the control, a culture of healthy human endothelial cells. Wong-Staal used a type of cellular analysis known as radioimmunoprecipitation in order to detect the presence of KS lesions in cells with varying amounts of the tat protein. The results of these tests showed that the amount of tat protein within a cell infected by HIV-1 is directly correlated to the amount of KS lesions a patient may have. These findings were essential in developing new treatments for HIV/AIDS patients who suffer from these dangerous lesions.<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Wong-Staal|first=Flossie|date=1990|title=Tat Protein of HIV-1 Stimulates growth cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients|url=http://hiv1tat-vaccines.info/publications/Ensoli%20et%20al%20(Nature%201990).pdf|journal=Nature|doi=|pmid=|access-date=}}</ref>

In 1990, Wong-Staal moved from NCI to UCSD. Wong-Staal continued her research into HIV and AIDS at UCSD. In 1994 she was named as chairman of UCSD's newly created Center for AIDS Research.<ref name="WOMI">{{cite book | title = World of Microbiology and Immunology | publisher = Gale | year = 2003}}</ref> In that same year, Wong-Staal was elected to the Institute of Medicine of the U.S. National Academies.

In the 1990s, Wong-Staal's research focused on [[gene therapy]], using a [[ribozyme]] "molecular knife" to repress HIV in [[stem cells]]. The protocol she developed was the second to be funded by the United States government.

In 2002, Wong-Staal retired from UCSD and now holds the title of Professor Emerita. She then joined Immusol, a [[biopharmaceutical]] company that she co-founded while she was at UCSD, as Chief Scientific Officer. Recognizing the need for improved drugs for hepatitis C (HCV), she transitioned Immusol to an HCV therapeutics focus and renamed it iTherX Pharmaceuticals to reflect this. That same year, [[Discover Magazine|Discover]] named Wong-Staal one of the fifty most extraordinary women scientists.<ref name="PRN"/> Wong-Staal remains as a Research Professor of Medicine at UCSD.<ref>[http://www.immusol.com/company.php?id=2 "Immusol"]. Immusol.com.</ref>

In 2007, ''[[The Daily Telegraph]]'' heralded Dr. Wong-Staal as #32 of the "Top 100 Living Geniuses."<ref>{{cite web |author=Robert Simon Jr. |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/1567544/Top-100-living-geniuses.html | work=The Daily Telegraph | location=London | title=Top 100 living geniuses | date=October 28, 2007 | accessdate=May 2, 2010}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}
'''Sources:'''
* {{cite journal | title = Science Superstar | journal = [[National Geographic World]] | date = June 1993 | pages = 25–27}}
* {{cite journal | title = Intimate Enemies | journal = [[Discover (magazine)|Discover]] | date = December 1991 | pages =16–17}}
* {{cite news | last = Clark | first = Cheryl | title = Researcher Stays Hot on the Trail of Deadly Virus | publisher = [[San Diego Union Tribune]] | date = November 11, 1992 | pages = C–1}}
* {{cite journal | title = Science Leaders: Researchers to Watch in the Next Decade | journal = The Scientist | date = May 28, 1990 | pages =18–24}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Wong-Staal, Flossie}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American scientists of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:American women of Chinese descent]]
[[Category:American virologists]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni]]
[[Category:American women scientists]]
[[Category:Chinese emigrants to the United States]]
[[Category:Chinese women scientists]]
[[Category:University of California, San Diego faculty]]
[[Category:American people of Cantonese descent]]
[[Category:Chinese Civil War refugees]]
[[Category:Educators from Guangdong]]
[[Category:Scientists from Guangdong]]
[[Category:Writers from Guangzhou]]

Twine (Software)

2018-01-22T12:43:56Z

Theinstantmatrix: logo vectorized

{{Infobox software
| name = Twine
| logo = Twine vector logo.svg
| logo alt = The Twine logo: A blue vertical line with a green arc that diverges from it.
| screenshot = 
| caption =
| screenshot alt =
| collapsible =
| author = Chris Klimas<ref name=twine/>
| developer =
| released = {{Start date and age|2009|df=yes}}<ref name=twine/>
| discontinued =
| latest release version = 2.2.1<ref name=wikiInfo>{{cite web |title=Twine Information |date=21 January 2018 |url=hhttps://twinery.org/wiki/twine2:release_notes}}</ref>
| latest release date = {{Start date and age|2018|01|21|df=yes}}<ref name=wikiInfo/>
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date = 
| status = Active
| programming language = v2.*, [[JavaScript]]<ref>{{cite web |title= Chris Klimas / twinejs: Overview |url=https://bitbucket.org/klembot/twinejs |website=Atlassian Bitbucket |date=12 April 2015 |access-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref> v1.*, [[Python (programming language)|Python]]<ref>{{cite web |title=tweecode/twine: twine/README.md |url=https://github.com/tweecode/twine/blob/master/README.md |website=GitHub |date=14 March 2015 |access-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref>
| operating system = [[Linux]], [[OS X]], [[Windows]], [[Web application]]<ref name=twine/>
| platform =
| size =
| language =
| language count = 
| language footnote =
| genre = [[Game engine]]
| license = [[GNU General Public License|GPL]] v3<ref>{{cite web |title=Twine licenses |date=20 September 2014 |url=http://twinery.org/wiki/twine_licenses |website=Twine Wiki |access-date=13 April 2016 }}</ref>
| alexa =
| website = {{URL|twinery.org}}
| standard =
| AsOf =
}}
'''Twine''' is a tool created by Chris Klimas for making [[interactive fiction]] in the form of [[web page]]s.

== Software ==
Twine is [[Open-source software|open-source]] and available as a [[free software|free download]] for [[Mac OS X]], [[Windows]], and [[Linux]]; the software has been updated to a full new version since its initial release.<ref name=twine>{{cite web | title=Twinery: Twine Homepage | url=http://twinery.org | accessdate=10 June 2015}}</ref> It is popular for developing hypertext narratives and games.

Twine emphasizes the visual structure of hypertext and does not require knowledge of any [[programming languages]] as most game development tools do.<ref name=":0">{{cite web | url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/power-to-the-people-the-text-adventures-of-twine/1100-6402665/ | first=Carolyn | last=Petit | title=Power to the People: The Text Adventures of Twine |date=12 January 2013 | publisher=[[GameSpot]] UK | accessdate=15 May 2013}}</ref> Nevertheless, it is regarded as a tool which can be used by anyone interested in interactive fiction and experimental games.<ref name=":1">{{Cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/magazine/twine-the-video-game-technology-for-all.html|title=Twine, the Video-Game Technology for All|last=Hudson|first=Laura|date=2014-11-19|work=The New York Times|access-date=2017-05-18|issn=0362-4331}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.gamespot.com/articles/power-to-the-people-the-text-adventures-of-twine/1100-6402665/|title=Power to the People: The Text Adventures of Twine|work=GameSpot|access-date=2017-05-18|language=en}}</ref>

Klimas and the Twine development team created a second version of Twine. Twine 2 is a [[browser-based]] application written in [[HTML5]] and [[JavaScript|Javascript]], which can also be downloaded as standalone desktop app. Twine also supports [[Cascading Style Sheets|CSS]].<ref name=":0" /> It is currently in version 2.1.3, {{As of|2017|September|lc=y}}.<ref name=twine/>

==Games==

* ''[[Depression Quest]]'' (2014)
* "[[Crypt Shyfter]]" (2017)

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://twinery.org/}}
** {{Official website|http://twinery.org/wiki/|Official Wiki}}
* {{cite news |title= Anna Anthropy and the Twine revolution |url= https://www.theguardian.com/technology/gamesblog/2013/apr/10/anna-anthropy-twine-revolution |last= Ellison |first= Cara |date= April 10, 2013 |newspaper= The Guardian }}
* {{cite magazine |title= Twine, the Video-Game Technology for All |last= Hudson |first= Laura |date= Nov 19, 2014 |url= https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/23/magazine/twine-the-video-game-technology-for-all.html |magazine= The New York Times Magazine}}

[[Category:Free software]]
[[Category:Hypertext]]
[[Category:Video game development software]]
[[Category:Free game engines]]
[[Category:Authoring systems]]

{{videogame-software-stub}}

Benutzer:Macfx23/Entwurf Jan Lewan

2018-01-21T03:16:30Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted to revision 821539696 by BytEfLUSh (talk): Rvv.

{{Infobox person
| name = Jan Lewan
| image = The King of Polka - Sundance Festival cropped.jpg
| image_size = 150
| caption = Lewan at [[Sundance Film Festival]] in 2017
| birth_name = Jan Lewandowski
| birth_date = {{birth year and age|1941}}
| birth_place = [[Bydgoszcz]], [[Poland]]
| nationality = Polish, American
| other_names = Polka King, Dowski
| known_for =
| occupation = Author, Songwriter, Polka band leader and Tour Guide
| criminal_charge = [[Fraud]]
}}
'''Jan "Lewan" Lewandowski''' ({{IPA-pl|lɛvanˈdɔfskʲi}}; born 1941) is a Polish-American author, songwriter, [[polka]] band leader and convicted criminal. Lewan's financial crimes were described by ''[[The Morning Call]]'' as a "classic [[Ponzi scheme]]".<ref name="morningcall"/>

Lewan's life has been depicted in multiple films, first in a 2007 [[documentary]] ''The Man who would be Polka King'', and in a 2017 film ''[[The Polka King]]'' in which Lewandowski is portrayed by [[Jack Black]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.mcall.com/entertainment/movies/mc-nws-polka-king-netflix-movie-20180101-story.html|title=Polka, Ponzi and prison: Jack Black stars in Netflix film about Hazleton's Jan Lewan|last=|first=|date=11 January 2018|work=The Morning Call|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=13 January 2018}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | url = https://moviepilot.com/posts/4544137 | title = How 'The Polka King' Turns A Real-Life Con Artist Into One Of Jack Black's Most Endearing Roles | date = 9 January 2018 | accessdate = 13 January 2018 | work = MoviePilot.com }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Patten|first1=Dominic|url=http://deadline.com/2016/12/sundance-2017-premieres-midnight-special-events-robert-redford-rashida-jones-1201864406/|title=Sundance 2017: Robert Redford, New Rashida Jones Netflix Series, ‘Rebel In The Rye’ & More On Premiere, Docu, Midnight & Kids Slates|website=[[Deadline.com]]|date=December 5, 2016}}</ref> Both were released on [[Netflix]] on January 12, 2018.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://screencrush.com/new-on-netflix-january-2018/|title=January premieres on Netflix|work=Screencrush|access-date=2017-12-13|language=en}}</ref>

== Early life ==
Information on Lewan's early life is found primarily on his official website, which states that Lewan was born in [[Bydgoszcz]] in northern [[Poland]] in 1941 during the [[German Reich|German]] occupation of the country during [[World War II]].<ref name="OfficialAbout">{{cite web|last=Lewan|first=Jan|title=About me - Jan Lewan Lewandowski - Official website|url=http://www.janlewandowski.com/about-me/|accessdate=January 21, 2018|work=About me|date=}}</ref> As a young child Lewan loved music and enrolled in Conservatory of Music in [[Gdansk]]. He also sang in an [[opera]]. Lewan served in the [[Polish Armed Forces|Central Polish Army]] for several years as all young men in Poland were obliged to do at the time. Lewan played in music halls across Poland and Northern Europe including the [[National Philharmonic in Warsaw]].<ref name="OfficialAbout"/>

== Career ==
After his career in Europe, Lewan moved to the [[United States]] via [[Canada]]. He settled in Northeastern [[Pennsylvania]] where he continued his polka career. He was a main part in the foundation of ''Pennsylvania Polka'' on [[Pennsylvania Cable Network|PCN]]. During this time Lewan toured frequently. Notable tours were to Poland, [[Ireland]], [[Italy]], [[Germany]], [[France]], [[Belgium]], [[England]], [[Israel]], [[Russia]], [[Greece]], [[Egypt]] and [[Ukraine]].

He created a polka oriented orchestra and recorded several records. Lewan's self titled album, ''Jan Lewan And His Orchestra'', was nominated for a Grammy in 1995. Lewan went on to perform ever bigger polka shows in the prestigious Las Vegas Hilton Showroom, Las Vegas Sands Convention Center, and Atlantic City's [[Trump Plaza Hotel and Casino]], [[Atlantis Hotel and Casino]], and Trump Castle Hotel Casino.

Lewan's legacy was the focal point of the 2007 documentary ''The Man who would be Polka King'', and the 2017 film ''The Polka King'' in which Lewandowski is portrayed by [[Jack Black]].<ref name="Mar2016D">{{cite news|last1=Jaafar|first1=Ali|title=Jack Black To Star In And Produce Jan Lewan Biopic ‘The Man Who Would Be Polka King’|url=http://deadline.com/2016/03/jack-black-polka-king-jan-lewan-ben-stiller-ponzi-red-hour-1201717756/|accessdate=September 17, 2016|work=Deadline|date=March 10, 2016}}</ref>

== Legal issues ==
Lewan owned and operated a gift store in [[Hazleton, Pennsylvania]]. When he would tour back in Poland he would bring back jewelry and other goods to sell in the store. To support the store, he also sold shares in the business and promised returns of 12 percent and 20 percent to investors, many of whom had traveled with him. The state of Pennsylvania warned him to stop selling securities, but he continued. In 2001 Lewan was arrested for [[defrauding]] some 400 people in 22 states of millions of dollars. Lewan was sentenced to five years and 11 months imprisonment by a federal court judge as well as a seven year sentence in New Jersey, which were served concurrently.<ref name = morningcall>{{cite web|url=http://articles.mcall.com/2004-10-15/news/3577152_1_bethlehem-s-musikfest-polka-lovers-lewan|title=Polka king's scamming ways get him jail time|date=2004-10-15|publisher=[[The Morning Call]]|access-date=2018-01-13}}</ref>

While in prison in Delaware in 2004, Lewan was [[stabbed]] in the [[neck]] by a cellmate. He was taken to a nearby hospital and was released several days later. The perpetrator of the stabbing had 15 years added to his sentence.

Lewan was released from prison in 2009.<ref>{{cite news|title=Filming for ‘The Polka King’ gets started {{!}} The Valley Breeze|url=http://www.valleybreeze.com/2016-07-19/pawtucket/filming-polka-king-gets-started#.V90SkPl94dU|accessdate=September 17, 2016|work=www.valleybreeze.com|date=July 19, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Andy|title=Shooting in Cranston, Jack Black movie looking for extras|url=http://www.providencejournal.com/news/20160719/shooting-in-cranston-jack-black-movie-looking-for-extras|accessdate=September 17, 2016|work=The Providence Journal|date=July 19, 2016}}</ref>

== Awards and honors ==
=== List of awards nominations ===
{| class="wikitable"
! Year
! Award
! Result
! Ref(s)
|-
| [[37th Grammy Awards|1995]]
| [[Grammy Award for Best Polka Album]]
| {{nom}}
| <Ref>{{cite web | url = https://www.grammy.com/grammys/artists/jan-lewan | title = Jan Lewan Grammy nominations and bio | work = Grammy.com | accessdate = 13 January 2018}}</Ref>
|-
|}
== References ==
{{Reflist}}
== External links ==
* [http://www.janlewandowski.com Official website]

{{DEFAULTSORT:Lewan, Jan}}
[[Category:Polish people]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:Finance fraud]]
[[Category:Polka musicians]]
[[Category:Pyramid and Ponzi schemes]]

{{improve categories|date=January 2018}}

Benutzer:Macfx23/Entwurf Jan Lewan

2018-01-21T03:13:08Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 2602:30A:C050:80B0:3D8C:A814:51A3:968C (talk) to last version by KnowDeWay

BitChute

2017-12-10T18:25:28Z

Theinstantmatrix: Filled in 3 bare refs.

{{Infobox website
| name = BitChute
| logo =
| url = [https://bitchute.com bitchute.com]
| type = [[Video hosting service]]
| registration = Optional
| language = English
| launch_date =
| current status = active
| location_city =
| location_country = }}

'''BitChute''' is a [[video hosting service]] that uses [[Peer-to-peer (computing)|peer-to-peer]] technology.

==History==
The company was founded by Ray Vahey. He described it as a way to avoid censorship and demonetisation by established services like [[YouTube]].<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://torrentfreak.com/bitchute-is-a-bittorrent-powered-youtube-alternative-170129/|title=BitChute is a BitTorrent-Powered YouTube Alternative|last=|first=|date=2017-01-29|work=TorrentFreak|access-date=2017-12-10|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|language=en-US}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.itwire.com/entertainment/76552-bitchute-the-first-serious-youtube-competitor.html|title=iTWire - BitChute: the first serious YouTube competitor?|last=Beer|first=Doron|website=www.itwire.com|language=en-gb|access-date=2017-12-10}}</ref>

In September 2017, [[Right-wing politics|right wing]] internet celebrity [[Lauren Southern]] said she was considering switching to the site in response to YouTube's demonetisation of political videos.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/far-right-tech-platforms-gab-youtube-bitchute-2017-9?r=US&IR=T|title='There's no one for right-wingers to pick a fight with': The far right is struggling to sustain interest in its social media platforms|work=Business Insider|access-date=2017-12-10|language=en}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[DailyMotion]]
* [[Vidme]]
* [[Vimeo]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Video hosting]]
[[Category:Entertainment websites]]

Black Castle (County Wicklow)

2017-11-23T13:24:58Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 87.34.82.8 (talk) to last version by Theinstantmatrix

{{about|the city in Ireland|other uses}}
{{EngvarB|date=October 2013}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2013}}
{{Infobox settlement
|settlement_type = Town
|name = Wicklow
|native_name = {{Pad top italic|Cill Mhantáin}}
|image_skyline = Wicklow Town - geograph.org.uk - 692370 (cropped).jpg
|image_caption = Farmland and view of Wicklow Town
|image_shield = Wicklow-town-crest.png
|pushpin_map = Ireland
|pushpin_label_position = left
|pushpin_map_caption = Location in Ireland
|coordinates = {{coord|52.9779|-6.033|dim:100000_region:IE|display=inline,title}}
|blank_name_sec1 = Irish Grid Reference
|blank_info_sec1 = {{iem4ibx|T312940}}
|unit_pref = Metric
|elevation_m = 69
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = Ireland
|subdivision_type1 = [[Provinces of Ireland|Province]]
|subdivision_name1 = [[Leinster]]
|subdivision_type2 = [[Counties of Ireland|County]]
|subdivision_name2 = [[County Wicklow]]
|population_urban = 6761
|population_rural = 3595
|population_as_of = 2011
|website = {{URL|www.wicklow.ie}}
}}
'''Wicklow''' ({{Irish place name|Cill Mhantáin|church of the toothless one}})<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=G8H99H1jYPAC&pg=PA111 |title=Moon Handbooks: Ireland |first=Camille |last=DeAngelis |publisher=Avalon Travel Publishing |year=2007 |isbn=1-59880-048-5 |page=111 |accessdate=15 April 2013}}</ref><ref>Seán Connors. ''Mapping Ireland: from kingdoms to counties'', Mercier Press, 2001, {{ISBN|1-85635-355-9}}, p45</ref> is the [[county town]] of [[County Wicklow]] and the capital of the [[Mid-East Region, Ireland|Mid-East Region]] in [[Ireland]]. Located south of [[Dublin]] on the east coast of the island, it has a population of 10,356 according to the 2011 census.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://census.cso.ie/sapmap2011/Results.aspx?Geog_Type=LT&Geog_Code=15010 |title=Wicklow Legal Town Results |publisher=[[Central Statistics Office (Ireland)|Central Statistics Office]] |year=2011 |accessdate=5 August 2012}}</ref> The town is to the east of the [[N11 road (Ireland)|N11]] [[Roads in Ireland#National Primary Routes|route]] between Dublin and [[Wexford]]. Wicklow is also linked to the [[Rail transport in Ireland|rail network]], with Dublin commuter services now extending to the town. Additional services connect with [[Arklow]], Wexford and [[Rosslare Europort]], a main ferry port. There is also a commercial port, mainly importing timber and textiles. The [[River Vartry]] is the main river which flows through the town.

==Geography==
[[File:Wicklow_town_looking_north_from_southern_end_%28Aug_2014%29.jpg|thumb|Looking north over Wicklow Golf Club (foreground, with rocky outcrops visible on right), across [[Wicklow Bay]] towards the [[Great Sugar Loaf]] (centre) and [[Bray Head]] (right) in the distance. Wicklow town is hidden below the golf club house.]] Wicklow town forms a rough semicircle around Wicklow harbour. To the immediate north lies 'The Murrough', a popular grassy walking area beside the sea, and the eastern coastal strip. The Murrough is a place of growing commercial use, so much so that a road by-passing the town directly to the commercial part of the area commenced construction in 2008 and was completed in summer of 2010. The eastern coastal strip includes Wicklow bay, a crescent shaped stone beach approximately 10 km in length.

Ballyguile Hill is to the southwest of the town. Much of the housing developments of the 1970s and 1980s occurred in this area, despite the considerable gradient from the town centre.

The land rises into rolling hills to the west, going on to meet the [[Wicklow Mountains]] in the centre of the county. The dominant feature to the south is the rocky headlands of [[Bride's Head]] and [[Wicklow Head]], the easternmost mainland point of the [[Republic of Ireland]]. On a very clear day it is possible to see the [[Snowdonia]] mountain range in [[Wales]].

===Climate===
Similar to much of the rest of northwestern Europe, Wicklow experiences a [[maritime climate]] (''Cfb'') with cool summers, mild winters, and a lack of temperature extremes. The average maximum January temperature is 9.2 °C (48.6 °F), while the average maximum August temperature is 21.2 °C (70.2 °F). On average, the sunniest month is May. The wettest month is October with 118.9 mm (4.6 in) of rain and the driest month is April with 60.7 mm (2.4 in). With the exceptions of October and November, rainfall is evenly distributed throughout the year with rainfall falling within a relatively narrow band of between 60 (2.4 in) and 86 mm (3.4 in) for any one month. However, a considerable spike occurs in October and November each of which records almost double the typical rainfall of April.

Wicklow is sheltered locally by Ballyguile hill and, more distantly by the Wicklow mountains. This sheltered location makes it one of the driest and warmest places in Ireland. It receives only about 60% the rainfall of the west coast. In addition because Wicklow is protected by the mountains from southwesterly and westerly winds, it enjoys higher average temperatures than much of Ireland. Its average high in August of 21.2 °C (70.2 °F) is a full 1 °C higher than the highest average month in Dublin, only 50 km (30miles) to the north.

While its location is favorable for protection against the prevailing westerly and southwesterly winds that are common to much of Ireland, Wicklow is particularly exposed to easterly winds. As these winds come from the northern European landmass Wicklow can, along with much of the east coast of Ireland, experience relatively sharp temperature drops in winter for short periods.
{{Weather box
|location = [[Ashford, County Wicklow]], (5 km north of Wicklow)
|metric first = Yes
|single line = Yes
|Jan high C = 9.2
|Feb high C = 9.6
|Mar high C = 11.2
|Apr high C = 12.9
|May high C = 15.6
|Jun high C = 18.2
|Jul high C = 19.5
|Aug high C = 21.2
|Sep high C = 18.1
|Oct high C = 14.8
|Nov high C = 11.7
|Dec high C = 9.2
|year high C = 14.2
|Jan low C = 2.9
|Feb low C = 2.8
|Mar low C = 3.4
|Apr low C = 4.7
|May low C = 6.9
|Jun low C = 9.4
|Jul low C = 11.2
|Aug low C = 11.3
|Sep low C = 10
|Oct low C = 7.4
|Nov low C = 4.8
|Dec low C = 3.1
|year low C = 6.5
|Jan rain mm = 86
|Feb rain mm = 61.8
|Mar rain mm = 63.6
|Apr rain mm = 60.7
|May rain mm = 65.8
|Jun rain mm = 72.1
|Jul rain mm = 67
|Aug rain mm = 69.8
|Sep rain mm = 72.1
|Oct rain mm = 118.9
|Nov rain mm = 110.9
|Dec rain mm = 85.6
|year rain mm = 935
|Jan precipitation days = 14
|Feb precipitation days = 10
|Mar precipitation days = 9
|Apr precipitation days = 10
|May precipitation days = 10
|Jun precipitation days = 10
|Jul precipitation days = 10
|Aug precipitation days = 10
|Sep precipitation days = 9
|Oct precipitation days = 13
|Nov precipitation days = 13
|Dec precipitation days = 11
|year precipitation days =
|unit precipitation days=1 mm
|Jan sun = 68.0
|Feb sun = 83.2
|Mar sun = 136.8
|Apr sun = 180.4
|May sun = 204.0
|Jun sun = 189.4
|Jul sun = 163.2
|Aug sun = 158.5
|Sep sun = 135.9
|Oct sun = 103.3
|Nov sun = 83.8
|Dec sun = 65.9
|year sun =
|source 1 = Met Éireann
|source 2 = Ashford Weather Station,<ref>{{cite web
|url=http://www.wicklowweather.com/|title=Wicklow Weather|publisher=Ashford Weather Station}}</ref>|date=December 2012}}

==Economy==
[[File:IMGWicklowHarbour 4256w.jpg|thumb|Wicklow Harbour]]
[[File:Wicklow harbour - geograph.org.uk - 171367.jpg|thumb|A ship in Wicklow Harbour]]
Since 1995, the town has undergone significant change and expansion reflecting the simultaneous growth in the [[Celtic Tiger|Irish economy]]. Considerable residential development has taken place to the west of the town along Marlton Road (R751). More recently, housing developments have been concentrated to the northwest of the town towards the neighbouring village of [[Rathnew]]. The completion of the [[Ashford, County Wicklow|Ashford]]/Rathnew bypass in 2004 has meant that Wicklow is now linked to the capital, Dublin, lying 42 km to the north, by dual carriageway and motorway. These factors have led to a steady growth in population of Wicklow and its surrounding townlands while its importance as a [[commuter town]] to Dublin increases.

==Toponymy==
Earlier spellings of the town's name include ''Wykinglo'' in 1173, ''Wygingelow'' in 1185, ''Wykinglo'' in 1192, ''Wykinglowe'' in 1355.<ref>Liam Price, ''The Place-Names of the Barony of Newcastle'', p. 171.</ref><ref>Donall Mac Giolla Easpaig, ''L'influence scandinave sur la toponymie irlandaise'' in ''L'héritage maritime des Vikings en Europe en l'ouest'', Colloque international de la Hague, Presses universitaire de Caen 2002. p. 467 et 468. Translation Jacques Tranier.</ref>

The Swedish toponymist Magne Oftedal<ref>''Scandinavian Place-Names in Ireland'' in ''Proceedings of the Seventh Viking Congress'' (Dublin 1973), B. Alquist and D. Greene Editions, Dublin, Royal Irish Academy 1976. p. 130.</ref> criticises the usual explanation that the name comes from [[Old Norse]] ''Vikingr'' (meaning "Viking") and Old Norse ''ló'' (meaning "meadow"), that is to say "the Vikings' meadow" or "Viking's meadow". He notices that ''-lo'' was never used outside Norway (cf. [[Oslo]]) and Scandinavia. Furthermore, this word is almost never combined with a male name or a general word meaning "a category of person". Moreover, "Viking" never appears in toponymic records. For him, the first element can be explained as ''Uikar-'' or ''Uik-'' "bay" in Old Norse and the intermediate N of the old forms is a mistake by the clerks.

However, all recorded forms show this N. That is the reason why [[Liam Price]]<ref>Price p. 172.</ref> says it is probably a Norwegian place-name and A. Sommerfelt<ref>''The English forms of the Names of the Main Provinces of Ireland'', in ''Lochlann''. ''A Review of Celtic Studies''. IA. Sommerfelt Editions, Trad. ang. of Oslo University Press 1958. p. 224.</ref> gives it as a former ''Vikinga-ló'' and understands it as "the Vikings' meadow". Nevertheless, the Irish [[patronimic]]s Ó hUiginn and Mac Uiginn (anglicised O'Higgins and Maguigan) could bring a key for the meaning "Meadow of a man called Viking".<ref>Mac Giolla Easpaig p. 468</ref>

''Wykinglo'' was the usual name used by the Viking sailors and the traders who travelled around the Anglo-Scandinavian world. The [[Normans]] and [[Anglo-Normans]] who conquered Ireland preferred the non-[[Goidelic languages|Gaelic]] placename.

The origin of the [[Irish language|Irish]] name ''Cill Mhantáin'' bears no relation to the name ''Wicklow''. It has an interesting folklore of its own. [[Saint Patrick]] and some followers are said to have tried to land on Travailahawk beach, to the south of the harbour. Hostile locals attacked them, causing one of Patrick's party to lose his front teeth. Manntach (toothless one), as he became known, was undeterred and returned to the town, eventually founding a church.<ref>''[https://books.google.com.au/books?id=9KpnAAAAMAAJ The Annals of Clonmacnoise, being annals of Ireland from the earliest period to A.D. 1408]''. Mageoghagan, Conell & Murphy, Dennis, 1896, p. 66.</ref> Hence ''Cill Mhantáin'', meaning "church of the toothless one". Although its [[anglicisation|anglicised]] spelling ''Kilmantan''<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.logainm.ie/?text=wicklow&placeID=55959 |title=Wicklow: Archival records |publisher=Placenames Database of Ireland [[Logainm.ie]] |accessdate=15 April 2013}}</ref> was used for a time, it gradually fell out of use.

==History==
[[File:Main Street Wicklow.jpg|thumb|left|Main Street]]
During excavations to build the Wicklow road bypass in 2010, a Bronze Age cooking pit (Fulach Fiadh) and hut site was uncovered in the Ballynerrn Lower area of the town. A radio carbon-dating exercise on the site puts the timeline of the discovery at 900 BC.<ref name="Footsteps">{{cite book
| title = Footsteps Through Wicklow's Past
| author = John Finlay
| year = 2013}}</ref>
The first [[Celts]] arrived in Ireland around 600 BC. According to the Greek cartographer and historian, [[Ptolemy]], the area around Wicklow was settled by a Celtic tribe called the [[Cauci]]/Canci. This tribe is believed to have originated in the region containing today's Belgium/German border. The area around Wicklow was referred to as Menapia in Ptolemy's map which itself dates back to 130 AD.<ref name="Footsteps"/>

[[Vikings]] landed in Ireland around 795 AD and began plundering monasteries and settlements for riches and to capture slaves. In the mid-9th century, Vikings established a base which took advantage of the natural harbour at Wicklow. It is from this chapter of Wicklow's history that the name 'Wicklow' originates.<ref name="Footsteps"/>
[[File:Bridge on the Leitrim River in Wicklow Town - geograph.org.uk - 1437981.jpg|thumbnail|'Stone' Bridge over the River Vartry (also known as River Leitrim at this point)]]

The Norman influence can still be seen today in some of the town's place and family names. After the [[Norman invasion of Ireland|Norman invasion]], Wicklow was granted to [[Maurice FitzGerald, Lord of Lanstephan|Maurice FitzGerald]] who set about building the 'Black Castle', a land-facing fortification that lies ruined on the coast immediately south of the harbour. The castle was briefly held by the local O'Byrne, the O'Toole and Kavanagh clans<ref>[[James Wills|Wills, James]] ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_3gHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA449 Lives of illustrious and distinguished Irishmen]''. MacGregor, Polson, 1840, p. 449.</ref> in the [[Irish Rebellion of 1641|uprising of 1641]] but was quickly abandoned when English troops approached the town. [[Sir Charles Coote, 1st Baronet|Sir Charles Coote]], who led the troops is then recorded as engaging in "savage and indiscriminate" slaughter of the townspeople in an act of revenge.<ref>Wills, James ''[https://books.google.com/books?id=_3gHAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA448 Lives of illustrious and distinguished Irishmen]''. MacGregor, Polson, 1840, p. 448.</ref> Local oral history contends that one of these acts of "wanton cruelty" was the entrapment and deliberate burning to death of an unknown number of people in a building in the town. Though no written account of this particular detail of Coote's attack on Wicklow is available, a small laneway, locally referred to as "Melancholy Lane", is said to have been where this event took place.

Though the surrounding [[County Wicklow|County of Wicklow]] is rich in [[bronze age]] monuments, the oldest surviving settlement in the town is the ruined [[Franciscan]] Abbey. This is located at the west end of Main Street, within the gardens of the local [[Roman Catholic]] parish grounds. Other notable buildings include the Town Hall and [[Wicklow Gaol|the Gaol]], built in 1702 and recently renovated as a heritage centre and tourist attraction. The East Breakwater, arguably the most important building in the town, was built in the early 1880s by Wicklow Harbour Commissioners. The architect was William George Strype and the builder was John Jackson of Westminster. The North [[Groyne]] was completed by about 1909 – John Pansing was the designer and Louis Nott of Bristol the builder. [[Wicklow Gaol]] was a place of execution up to the end of the 19th century and it was here that Billy Byrne, a leader of the [[Irish Rebellion of 1798|1798 rebellion]], met his end in 1799. He is commemorated by a statue in the town square. The gaol closed in 1924 and is today a tourist attraction with living displays and exhibits.<ref>{{cite book
| title = Illustrated guide to Ireland
| author = S Shepherd| publisher = [[Reader's Digest]]
| year = 1992|display-authors=etal}}</ref>

At Fitzwilliam Square in the centre of Wicklow town is an obelisk commemorating the career of [[Robert Halpin|Captain Robert Halpin]], commander of the telegraph cable ship [[SS Great Eastern|Great Eastern]], who was born in Wicklow in 1836.<ref name=aa>{{cite book
| title = The illustrated road book of Ireland
| publisher = [[The Automobile Association|Automobile Association]]
| year = 1970}}</ref>

==Transport==
Bus Éireann and Irish Rail both operate through the town.
Bus Éireann provides an hourly which is half-hourly at peak-time service to Dublin City Centre and Airport.Also a service is operated twice daily to Arklow via Rathdrum.
*Route 133 Wicklow (Monument)-Dublin Airport via Grand Hotel, Wicklow Community College, Lidl, Rathnew, Ashford, Newcastle Hospital, Newtownmountkennedy, Garden Village, Kilpedder, Glen of the Downs, Kilmacanogue, Ballywaltrim, Bray, Loughlinstown Hospital, N11, UCD Belfield, RTÉ, Donnybrook Village, Leeson Street, Dawson Street/Kildare Street, City Quays en route to Dublin Airport.<ref name="buseireann.ie">http://www.buseireann.ie/pdf/1367495369-133.pdf</ref>
*Route 133 Wicklow (Monument)-Arklow via Grand Hotel, Wicklow Community College, Lidl, Rathnew, Glenealy, Rathdrum, Meeting Of The Waters, Avoca and Woodenbridge en route to Arklow.<ref name="buseireann.ie"/>
* A train service operates northbound to Dublin Connolly via Kilcoole, Greystones, Bray, Dun Laoghaire, Pearse Street and Tara Street en route to Connolly 6 times on Monday to Fridays.<ref name="irishrail.ie">http://www.irishrail.ie/media/08-dublinrosslareeuroport250920131.pdf?v=gchdrpe</ref>
Trains operate southbound to Rosslare Europort via Rathdrum, Arklow, Gorey, Enniscorthy, Wexford and Rosslare Strand.<ref name="irishrail.ie"/>

==Sports and recreation==

Wicklow Golf Club, founded in 1904, is located between the town and Wicklow head, while [[Blainroe Golf Club]] is situated about 3.5 km south of Wicklow.

==International relations==
{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in the Republic of Ireland}}
Wicklow has [[town twinning]] agreements with:
* [[Montigny-le-Bretonneux]], France<ref>{{cite web |title=Wicklow Town hosted Europe en Scene 2011 – The Year to Volunteer |publisher=[[Wicklow County Council]] |year=2012 |url=http://www.wicklow.ie/apps/wicklowbeta/TownCouncils/EuropeEnScene.aspx |accessdate=24 September 2013 }}</ref>
* [[Porthmadog]], Wales{{citation needed|date=September 2013}}
* [[Eichenzell]], Germany

==Notable residents==
* [[Robert Halpin]], (b. 1836) Captain of the [[Brunel]]-designed [[SS Great Eastern]] which laid the [[transatlantic telegraph cable]] in the late 19th century
* [[F. E. Higgins]], writer and former resident of Wicklow<ref>{{cite news|title=Fiona's new book to again be a favourite|url=http://www.independent.ie/regionals/braypeople/news/fionas-new-book-to-again-be-a-favourite-27621452.html|accessdate=4 October 2013|newspaper=Irish Independent|date=27 March 2008}}</ref>

==See also==
*[[List of towns and villages in the Republic of Ireland|List of towns and villages in Ireland]]

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* Cleary, J and O'Brien, A (2001) ''Wicklow Harbour: A History'', Wicklow Harbour Commissioners

==External links==
{{Commons category|Wicklow}}
*[http://visitwicklow.ie/towns-villages/wicklow-town/ Wicklow Tourism page on Wicklow Town]
*[http://www.wicklowchamber.ie/ Wicklow Chamber of Commerce]
*[http://www.wicklow.com/walk/ History of Wicklow Town in MP3 format]
*[http://www.wicklowmountainsnationalpark.ie/ Wicklow Mountains National Park]
*[http://www.wicklowwalks.com/ Wicklow Walks]

{{County Wicklow}}

[[Category:Wicklow (town)| ]]
[[Category:Towns and villages in County Wicklow]]
[[Category:Port cities and towns in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:County towns in the Republic of Ireland]]
[[Category:Viking Age populated places]]

Black Castle (County Wicklow)

2017-11-23T13:24:34Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 87.34.82.8 (talk) to last version by Shellwood

Colleen Hoover

2017-11-13T04:10:38Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 2607:FCC8:B753:8C00:64AE:33EC:A7BC:3232 (talk) to last version by Leenie1965

{{Infobox writer
| name = Colleen Hoover
| image =
| birth_name = Margaret Colleen Fite<ref name="Nightline Article">{{cite news|last1=Chang|first1=JuJu|title=Emerging 'New Adult' Book Genre Puts Smut Fiction on Bestseller Lists|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/emerging-adult-book-genre-puts-smut-fiction-bestseller/story?id=18550587|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=ABC News|date=21 February 2013}}</ref>
| birth_date = {{birth date and age|1979|12|11|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Sulphur Springs, TX]], US
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = Tarryn Fisher’s best friend & Author
| nationality = American
| citizenship =
| education = B.A., Social Work
| alma_mater = [[Texas A&M-Commerce]]
| genre = [[Young adult fiction]] and [[New-adult fiction]]
| subject =
| movement = Tarryn Lover
| notableworks = {{plainlist| Singer
* ''Slammed''
* ''Point of Retreat''
* ''This Girl''
* ''Hopeless''
* ''Losing Hope''
* ''Finding Cinderella''
* ''Maybe Someday''
* ''Maybe Not''
* ''Ugly Love''
* ''November Nine''
* ''Confess''
* ''It Ends With Us''
* ''Without Merit''
}}
| spouse = William Heath "Legit" Hoover
| signature = CH Signature.png
| image size =
| ethnicity =
| parents =
}}

'''Colleen Hoover''' (born December 11, 1979) is the #1 [[New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times'' bestselling]] author of eleven novels and five novellas.<ref name="Amazon Author Page">{{cite web|title=Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.amazon.com/Colleen-Hoover/e/B006SKAK42/ref=sr_tc_2_0?qid=1405003824&sr=8-2-ent|website=Amazon|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> Hoover's novels fall into the [[New-adult fiction|New Adult]] and [[young adult fiction|young adult]] categories.<ref name="Nightline Article"/>

Hoover published her first novel, ''Slammed'', in January 2012.<ref name="Huff Post">{{cite news|last1=Stengle|first1=Jamie|title=Colleen Hoover Books: Texas Woman Self-Publishes, Hits Best-Seller Lists|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/04/16/colleen-hoover-books-_n_3093617.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=Huffington Post|date=16 April 2013}}</ref> Since then, all of her full-length novels have become ''[[New York Times]]'' Best Sellers.<ref name="Amazon Author Page"/>

Colleen Hoover has appeared on ''[[ABC News Nightline]]''<ref name="Nightline Article"/> and ''[[CBS This Morning]]''<ref>{{cite news|title=Self-published Colleen Hoover Talks Living the American Dream.|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/videos/self-published-colleen-hoover-talks-living-the-american-dream/|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=CBS This Morning|date=20 May 2013}}</ref>

== Early life and career ==
Colleen Hoover was born December 11, 1979<ref name="Book Pusher">{{cite web|title=Colleen Hoover|url=http://bookpusher.com/colleen-hoover/|website=The Book Pusher|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> in [[Sulphur Springs, TX]], to Vannoy Fite<ref name="Nightline Article">{{cite news|last1=Chang|first1=JuJu|title=Emerging 'New Adult' Book Genre Puts Smut Fiction on Bestseller Lists|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/emerging-adult-book-genre-puts-smut-fiction-bestseller/story?id=18550587|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=ABC News|date=21 February 2013}}</ref> and Eddie Fennell. She grew up in Saltillo, TX,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hoover|first1=Colleen|title=Paying it forward...|url=http://colleenhoover.com/2012/12/30/paying-it-forward/|website=Colleen Hoover|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> and graduated from Saltillo High School in 1998.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.classmates.com/people/Colleen-Hoover/7229266467|website=Classmates.com|title=Colleen Hoover|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> In 2000, she married Heath Hoover,<ref>{{cite web|last1=Hoover|first1=Colleen|title=Fourteen Years. :0|url=http://colleenhoover.com/2014/05/04/fourteen-years-0/|website=Colleen Hoover|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> with whom she now has three sons.<ref name="MS Author Profile">{{cite web|title=The Author|url=http://www.maybesomedaysoundtrack.com/author.php|website=Maybe Someday Soundtrack|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> Hoover graduated from Texas A&M-Commerce with a degree in Social Work.<ref name="Huff Post" /> She worked various [[social work]] and teaching jobs until she began her writing career.<ref name="Huff Post" />

In November 2011, Colleen began writing her first novel, ''Slammed'', with no intentions of getting published. She was inspired by a lyric, "decide what to be and go be it", from an [[The Avett Brothers|Avett Brothers]] song, "Head Full of Doubt/Road Full of Promise". Because of this, she incorporated Avett Brothers lyrics throughout the story.<ref name=GalleyCat>{{cite news|title=How The Avett Brothers Kindled the Career of a Self-Published Author|url=http://www.mediabistro.com/galleycat/avett-brothers-colleenhoover-slammed_b52675|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=GalleyCat|date=7 June 2012}}</ref> After a few months, her novel was reviewed and given 5 stars by a major book blogger, Maryse Black.<ref>{{cite web|website=Maryse.net|url=http://www.maryse.net/books/contemporary-romance/book-review-slammed-by-colleen-hoover.html|title=Book Review: ''Slammed'' by Colleen Hoover}}</ref> After that, sales rapidly increased, and ''Slammed'' and its sequel, ''Point of Retreat'', both made the [[New York Times Best Seller list|''New York Times Best Seller'' list]].<ref name="Huff Post" /><ref>{{cite web|website=ColleenHoover.com|url=http://colleenhoover.com/2014/10/29/a-raw-blog-post/|title=A Raw Blog Post}}</ref>

== Writings ==

=== ''Slammed'' ===

Hoover self-published her debut novel, ''Slammed'', in January 2012.<ref name="Huff Post" /> ''Slammed'' first made the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on July 22, 2012<ref name="NYT Slammed Debut">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2012-07-22/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=22 July 2012}}</ref> and peaked at #8 in e-book fiction on August 5, 2012.<ref name="Slammed NYT #8">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2012-08-05/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=5 August 2012}}</ref> Atria Books picked it up and republished it August 10, 2012.<ref name="Goodreads Slammed">{{cite web|title=Slammed by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13372690-slammed|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Point of Retreat'' ===

Hoover self-published ''Point of Retreat'', the sequel to ''Slammed'', in February 2012.<ref name="Huff Post" /> ''Point of Retreat'' first made the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on July 29, 2012<ref name="NYT POR Debut">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2012-07-29/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=22 July 2012}}</ref> and peaked at #18 on August 5, 2012.<ref name="Slammed NYT #8" /> Atria Books picked it up along with ''Slammed'' and republished it on August 10, 2012.<ref name="Goodreads Point of Retreat">{{cite web|title=Point of Retreat by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/13496084-point-of-retreat|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref>

=== ''This Girl'' ===

Atria Books published ''This Girl'', the third and final installment in the ''Slammed'' series, on April 30, 2013.<ref name="Goodreads This Girl">{{cite web|title=This Girl by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15784909-this-girl|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> It made the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on May 19, 2013, where it peaked at #9.<ref name="NYT TG">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2013-05-19/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=19 May 2013}}</ref>

=== ''A Father's Kiss'' ===

''A Father's Kiss'' is a short story and a follow-up to the ''Slammed'' series. Hoover published "A Father's Kiss" as part of an anthology, called ''The Kiss: An Anthology of Love and Other Close Encounters'', on January 15, 2014.<ref name="Goodreads The Kiss">{{cite web|title=The Kiss: An Anthology of Love and Other Close Encounters|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20498222-the-kiss?ac=1|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Hopeless'' ===

Hoover self-published ''Hopeless'' in December 2012.<ref name="Huff Post" /> On January 6, 2013, it debuted on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list at #19.<ref name="NYT Hopeless Debut">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2013-01-06/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=6 January 2013}}</ref> On January 20, 2013, it peaked at #1 and remained there for three weeks.<ref name="NYT Hopeless #1">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2013-01-20/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=20 January 2013}}</ref> It was the first self-published novel to ever make #1 on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list,<ref name=bethenny>{{cite news|title=Best-Selling Moms: Self-Publishing $ucce$$ Stories|url=http://www.bethenny.com/2013/05/03/best-selling-moms-self-publishing-success-stories/|accessdate=10 July 2014|date=3 May 2013}}</ref> the #1 bestselling self-published e-book of 2013, and the #16 bestselling e-book overall of 2013.<ref name="Amazon BS of 2013">{{cite web|title=Amazon Best Sellers of 2013|url=https://www.amazon.com/gp/bestsellers/2013/digital-text/154606011|website=Amazon|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> Hoover sold the paperback rights to Atria Books in January 2013,<ref name="Huff Post" /> and the paperback released on May 7, 2013.<ref name="Goodreads Hopeless">{{cite web|title=Hopeless by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/15717943-hopeless|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> Hoover still owns her e-book rights today.<ref name="Goodreads Hopeless" />

=== ''Losing Hope'' ===

Atria Books published ''Losing Hope'', the [[Point of view (literature)|POV]] companion novel to ''Hopeless'', on July 8, 2013.<ref name="Goodreads Losing Hope">{{cite web|title=Losing Hope by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17340050-losing-hope|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> It debuted and peaked at #6 on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on July 28, 2013.<ref name="NYT LH">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2013-07-28/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=28 July 2013}}</ref>

=== ''Finding Cinderella'' ===

''Finding Cinderella'' is a free novella that Hoover published as a thank you to her fans for all their continued support. It is a spinoff of ''Hopeless'' and ''Losing Hope'' and features several of the same characters. Originally, neither Hoover nor Atria Books had any intention of offering ''Finding Cinderella'' in paperback form, because the intention was to offer the book for free. However, due to the overwhelming demands from Hoover’s fans, Atria Books agreed to publish the novel in paperback form, complete with several bonus features such as a new epilogue and Hoover’s own “Cinderella story”.<ref name="The Guardian FC Article">{{cite news|last1=Flood|first1=Alison|title=Colleen Hoovers fans press publisher into print version of ebook|url=https://www.theguardian.com/books/2014/jan/31/colleen-hoover-fans-press-publisher-into-print-edition|accessdate=14 August 2014|publisher=The Guardian|date=31 January 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Maybe Someday'' ===

Atria Books published ''Maybe Someday'' on March 18, 2014.<ref name="https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17788403-maybe-someday">{{cite web|title=Maybe Someday by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17788403-maybe-someday|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> It debuted and peaked at #3 on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on April 6, 2014<ref name="NYT MS">{{cite news|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-04-06/e-book-fiction/list.html|accessdate=10 July 2014|publisher=New York Times|date=6 April 2014}}</ref> and resurfaced on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on September 14, 2014, at #21.<ref name="NYT Maybe Someday September 2014">{{cite web|title=E-book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-09-14/e-book-fiction/list.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=30 September 2014}}</ref>

''Maybe Someday'' is a standalone novel about a young guy and girl who write music together. Hoover joined forces with musician Griffin Peterson<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.griffinpeterson.com |website=GriffinPeterson.com|title=Griffin Peterson's Official Website}}</ref> to create an original soundtrack to accompany the novel. Readers are able to click links in the e-book or scan a [[QR code]] in the paperback, which will take them to a website where they can listen to the music for free.<ref name="MS Website">{{cite web|url=http://www.maybesomedaysoundtrack.com|website=Maybe Someday |title=Soundtrack|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref>

=== ''Ugly Love'' ===
Atria Books published ''Ugly Love'' on August 5, 2014.<ref name="Goodreads Ugly Love">{{cite web|title=Ugly Love by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17788401-ugly-love|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> The book received a Starred Review from Booklist<ref name="Booklist review">{{cite web|title=Ugly Love, by Colleen Hoover|url=http://www.booklistonline.com/Ugly-Love-Colleen-Hoover/pid=6923673|website=Booklist.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> and was on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list for three weeks, where it debuted and peaked at #4 on August 24, 2014.<ref name="Ugly Love NYT #4">{{cite web|title=E-Book Fiction Best Sellers|url=https://www.nytimes.com/best-sellers-books/2014-08-24/e-book-fiction/list.html|website=The New York Times|accessdate=29 September 2014}}</ref> Film rights for the book have recently been purchased by Hackybox Pictures, based out of Toronto, Canada. The project is still in the works, but [[Nick Bateman (model)|Nick Bateman]] has been cast as the male lead.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.myssnews.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=33047:colleen-hoovers-book-ugly-love-headed-to-film&catid=93:local-news&Itemid=376|title=Colleen Hoover’s book ‘Ugly Love’ headed to film|last=Administrator|website=www.myssnews.com|access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref>

=== ''Never Never'' ===

A collaboration with Tarryn Fisher

=== ''Confess'' ===

Atria Books published ''Confess'' on March 10, 2015.<ref name="Goodreads Confess">{{cite web|title=Confess by Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/22609310-confess|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref> It debuted and peaked at #9 on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on March 29, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2015/03/29/combined-print-and-e-book-fiction/|title=Combined Print & E-Book Fiction Books - Best Sellers - March 29, 2015 - The New York Times|access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref>
It has since gone on to become an Awestruck original TV series, coming April 2017 to go90.com and the go90 app, available for iOS or Android.

=== ''November Nine''===

Atria Books published ''November Nine'' was on November 10, 2015.<ref name="NN goodreads">{{cite web|title=November Nine|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/20875599-november-nine|website=Goodreads|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref> It debuted #5 on the ''New York Times'' Best Seller list on November 29, 2015.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.nytimes.com/books/best-sellers/2015/11/29/e-book-fiction/|title=E-Book Fiction Books - Best Sellers - November 29, 2015 - The New York Times|access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref>

=== ''It Ends With Us''===
Atria Books published ''It Ends With Us'' on August 2, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.goodreads.com/book/show/27362503-it-ends-with-us|title=It Ends with Us|website=Goodreads|access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref> Hoover described this novel as "by far the hardest book I've ever written."<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://www.nydailynews.com/life-style/new-adult-author-colleen-hoover-releases-ends-article-1.2737116|title=New Adult author Colleen Hoover releases novel ‘It Ends with Us’|newspaper=NY Daily News|access-date=2016-11-26}}</ref> It received a starred review from ''Kirkus.''<ref>{{Cite book|url=https://www.kirkusreviews.com/book-reviews/colleen-hoover/it-ends-with-us/|title=IT ENDS WITH US by Colleen Hoover {{!}} Kirkus Reviews|language=en-us}}</ref>

=== ''Without Merit'' ===
Atria Books published ''Without Merit'' on October 3, 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/33280872-without-merit|title=Goodreads|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

== Awards and achievements ==

=== Awards ===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Year !! Awards Ceremony !! Work !! Category !! Result !! Ref
|-
| 2012 || Goodreads Choice Awards ||'' Slammed'' || Young Adult Fiction || Nominated ||<ref name="GRCA 2012">{{cite web|title=The Best Books of 2012|url=https://www.goodreads.com/choiceawards/best-young-adult-fiction-books-2012|website=Goodreads|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || Goodreads Choice Awards || ''Losing Hope'' || Romance || Nominated ||<ref name="GRCA 2013">{{cite web|title=Best Books of 2013|url=https://www.goodreads.com/choiceawards/best-romance-books-2013|website=Goodreads|accessdate=10 July 2014}}</ref>
|-
| 2013 || Goodreads Choice Awards || ''This Girl'' || Romance || Nominated ||<ref name="GRCA 2013"/>
|-
| 2014 || UtopYA Con Awards || ''Maybe Someday'' || Most Innovative Marketing || Won ||<ref name="Utopya winners">{{cite web|title=2014 UtopYA Awards Winners Announced|url=http://mybookopolis.com/2014-utopya-awards-winners-announced/|website=My Bookopolis|accessdate=10 July 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140628050526/http://mybookopolis.com/2014-utopya-awards-winners-announced/|archivedate=28 June 2014|df=}}</ref>
|-
| 2015 || Goodreads Choice Awards || ''Confess'' || Romance || Won ||<ref name="GRCA 2015">{{cite web|title=Best Romance of 2015|url=https://www.goodreads.com/choiceawards/best-romance-books-2015|website=Goodreads|accessdate=25 November 2016}}</ref>
|-
|2016
|Goodreads Choice Awards
|It Ends With Us
|Romance
|Won
|
|}

=== Achievements ===

==== ''New York Times'' Best Sellers ====

''Slammed'' (#8)<ref name="Slammed NYT #8" />
 
''Point of Retreat ''(#18)<ref name="Slammed NYT #8" />
 
''This Girl'' (#9)<ref name="NYT TG" />
 
''Hopeless'' (#1)<ref name="NYT Hopeless #1" />
 
''Losing Hope ''(#6)<ref name="NYT LH" />
 
''Maybe Someday'' (#3)<ref name="NYT MS" />
 
''Confess'' (#4)<ref name="NYT MS" />

==== Amazon Best Sellers Of 2013 ====

''Hopeless'' (#16)<ref name="Amazon BS of 2013" />

== Works ==

;Books<ref name="Goodreads Book List">{{cite web|title=Books By Colleen Hoover|url=https://www.goodreads.com/author/list/5430144.Colleen_Hoover|website=Goodreads.com|accessdate=14 August 2014}}</ref>

* ''Slammed'' (2012)
* ''Point of Retreat'' (2012)
* ''This Girl'' (2013)
* ''Hopeless'' (2013)
* ''Losing Hope'' (2013)
* ''Finding Cinderella'' (2014) novella
* ''Maybe Someday'' (2014)
* ''Maybe Not'' (2014) novella
* ''Ugly Love'' (2014)
* ''Never Never'' (2015) three part novella series with [[Tarryn Fisher]]
* ''Confess'' (2015)
* ''November 9'' (2015)
* ''Too Late'' (2016)
* ''It Ends with Us'' (2016)
* ''Without Merit'' (2017)

;
;Short stories
*"A Father's Kiss" from ''The Kiss (An Anthology of Love and Other Close Encounters)''→

== See also ==

*[[New-adult fiction]]
*[[The Avett Brothers]]

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== External links ==
* [https://www.wattpad.com/user/AuthorColleenHoover Colleen Hoover's Official Wattpad Profile]
{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Hoover, Colleen}}
[[Category:1979 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American women novelists]]
[[Category:American young adult novelists]]
[[Category:People from Sulphur Springs, Texas]]
[[Category:Novelists from Texas]]
[[Category:Texas A&M University–Commerce alumni]]
[[Category:21st-century American novelists]]
[[Category:21st-century women writers]]
[[Category:Women writers of young adult literature]]

Mary und die Blume der Hexen

2017-11-12T20:35:40Z

Theinstantmatrix: {{Expand Japanese}}

{{Expand Japanese|メアリと魔女の花|date=November 2017}}
{{Infobox film
| name = Mary and the Witch's Flower
| image = Mary_and_the_witch's_flower_poster.jpg
| caption = Teaser poster
| film name = {{Infobox name module
| kanji = メアリと魔女の花
| romaji = Meari to Majo no Hana
}}
| director = [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
| producer = [[Yoshiaki Nishimura]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Riko Sakaguchi
* Hiromasa Yonebayashi
}}
| based on = {{based on|''The Little Broomstick''|[[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maryflower.jp/sp/ |title=『メアリと魔女の花』公式サイト |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301072351/http://www.maryflower.jp/sp/ |archivedate=1 March 2017 }}</ref>
| editing =
| cinematography = Toru Fukushi
| music = Takatsugu Muramatsu
| studio = [[Studio Ponoc]]
| distributor = [[Toho]]
| released = {{Film date|2017|07|08}}
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
| gross = [[USD|$]]28.8 million<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&country=JP&wk=2017W28&id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&p=.htm|title= Mary and the Witch's Flower|accessdate= 1 July 2017|work= [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Mary and the Witch's Flower'''''|メアリと魔女の花|Meari to Majo no Hana|lead=yes}} is a 2017 Japanese [[anime]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]] and produced by [[Studio Ponoc]], based on ''The Little Broomstick'' by [[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]. This is Studio Ponoc's first feature film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |title=長編 - 作品カテゴリー - STUDIO PONOC（スタジオポノック） |work=[[Studio Ponoc]] |date=15 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100101/http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref> The film tells a story of a young girl named Mary who finds a mysterious flower that can give her the power to become a witch, which lasts for one night only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |title=Former Ghibli director unveils new animated film, Mary and the Witch's Flower |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=16 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181240/http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |title=Mary and The Witch's Flower Teaser Trailer (Official) |work=[[YouTube]] |date=14 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |archivedate=4 February 2017 }}</ref> The film was released in Japan on July 8, 2017.

==Plot==
{{empty section|date=October 2017|section=1}}

==Voice cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Character
! Japanese Voice actor
! English Voice actor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-english-cast-announced/|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower English Cast Announced|work=Madman Entertainment|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Mary
| [[Hana Sugisaki]]
| [[Ruby Barnhill]]
|-
| Peter
| [[Ryunosuke Kamiki]]
| Louis Ashbourne Serkis
|-
| Madame Mumblechook
| [[Yūki Amami]]
| [[Kate Winslet]]
|-
| Doctor Dee
| [[Fumiyo Kohinata]]
| [[Jim Broadbent]]
|-
| Red Headed Witch
| [[Hikari Mitsushima]]
| [[Teresa Gallagher]]
|-
| Flanagan
| [[Jiro Sato (actor)|Jiro Sato]]
| [[Ewen Bremner]]
|-
| Zebedee
| [[Kenichi Endō]]
| [[Rasmus Hardiker]]
|-
| Banks
| [[Eriko Watanabe]]
| [[Morwenna Banks]]
|-
| Charlotte
| [[Shinobu Otake]]
| [[Lynda Baron]]
|-
|}

==Release==
''Mary and the Witch's Flower'' was released theatrically in Japan on July 8, 2017 by distributor [[Toho]], airing on 458 screens across Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|date=July 10, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Altitude Film Distribution|Altitude Film Sales]] announced at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] that it had acquired the worldwide rights to the film, and would release the film within the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-02/altitude-film-sales-acquires-worldwide-rights-to-mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film/.111766|title=Altitude Film Sales Acquires Worldwide Rights to Mary and the Witch's Flower Anime Film|date=February 2, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Madman Entertainment]] announced that it had secured the rights to the film within Australia and New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/madman-entertainment-to-release-mary-and-the-witchs-flower/|title=Madman Entertainment to release ‘Mary and The Witch’s Flower’|date=February 3, 2017|last=Ip|first=Sly|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> and would premiere the film theatrically at [[Madman Anime Festival]] in Melbourne on November 5, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-australia-premiere-madman-anime-festival/|title=Mary and the Witch’s Flower to have Australian premiere at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne!|last=Browne|first=Tessa|date=August 22, 2017|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[GKIDS]] later announced that it would distribute the film within North America, with a limited opening premiere scheduled for January 18, 2018, before a wide release on January 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-01/gkids-licenses-mary-and-the-witch-flower-film/.119603|title=GKIDS Licenses Mary and the Witch's Flower Film|date=August 1, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-studio-ponoc-gkids-fathom-events-hiromasa-yonebayashi-yoshiaki-nishimura-kate-winslet-1202190173/|title= 'Mary And The Witch's Flower' Sets Special One-Night Event For Nationwide Premiere|work=Deadline|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|date=October 18, 2017|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref>

The English dub of Mary and the Witch's Flower (starring Ruby Barnhill, Kate Winslet, Jim Broadbent) was directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi and produced by Geoffrey Wexler. The English dub was recorded in September 2017 in London, and had its premiere in Los Angeles on October 23, 2017.

==Reception==
The film opened at second place, grossing ¥428 million during its opening weekend in Japan; this was an increase compared to Yonebayashi's previous film, ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'' (2014), which had grossed ¥378.86 million in its first weekend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|author=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

==Music==
Composer Muramatsu Takatsugu, who also scored Yonebayashi's last film ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'', is in charge of the soundtrack for Mary and the Witch's Flower. Joshua Messick, one of the world's leading performers of the hammered dulcimer, a percussion and string instrument, participated in the score recording. <ref name="Soundtrack">{{cite web|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower Original Soundtrack|url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-original-soundtrack-japan-version/1060110506-0-0-0-en/info.html|website=yesasia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Hammered Dulcimer on “Mary and The Witch’s Flower” Soundtrack|url=http://joshuamessick.com/soundtrack-mary-witchs-flower/|website=Joshua Messick}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://maryflower.jp/}} {{ja icon}}
* {{imdb title|6336356}}
* {{ann|anime|19223|noparen=true}}

{{anime-film-stub}}
{{Hiromasa Yonebayashi}}

[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 anime films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films based on children's books]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Japanese animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Toho animated films]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in film]]

Erdinduktorkompass

2017-11-04T01:16:24Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted good faith edits by 67.202.181.131 (talk): Revert comment.

[[File:Spirit of St. Louis.jpg|thumb|right|The anemometer of the earth inductor compass on the Spirit of St. Louis shows as a small "T" shape above the fuselage behind the wing]]

The '''Earth inductor compass''' (or simply '''induction compass'''<ref>{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=o2I1JWPpdusC&pg=PA370|quote=induction compass|title=Modern dictionary of electronics|isbn=978-0-7506-9866-5|author1=Graf|first1=Rudolf F|year=1999}}</ref>) is a [[compass]] that determines directions using the principle of [[electromagnetic induction]], with the [[Earth's magnetic field]] acting as the [[induction field]] for an [[electric generator]].<ref name=aero-digest>{{Cite journal | title = The Earth inductor compass | last = Goldsborough | first = Brice | date = June 1927 | publisher = Aero Digest | url = http://www.vintageaircraft.org/featured/2005%20-%20Vol.%2033,%20No.%2004%20-%20The%20Earth%20Inductor%20Compass.pdf}}</ref> The electrical output of the generator will vary depending on its orientation with respect to the Earth's magnetic field. This variation in the generated voltage is measured, allowing the Earth inductor compass to determine direction.

==History==
The earth inductor compass was first patented by Donald M. Bliss in 1912 and further refined in the 1920s by [[Paul R. Heyl]] and [[Lyman James Briggs]] of the [[National Institute of Standards and Technology|United States National Bureau of Standards]],<ref>{{cite journal|author=Heyl, P. R.|author2=Briggs, L. J.|title=The earth inductor compass|journal=Proc. Am. Phil. Soc.|volume=61|pages=15–32|year=1922}}</ref> and in 1924 by [[Morris Titterington]] at the [[Pioneer Instrument Company]] in [[Brooklyn, New York]]. Heyl and Briggs were awarded the [[Magellanic Premium|Magellan Medal]] of the [[American Philosophical Society]] for this work in 1922. Designed to compensate for the weaknesses of the [[magnetic compass]], the Earth inductor compass provided pilots with a more stable and reliable reference instrument.<ref name=b>{{cite web|title=The Earth Inductor Compass|publisher=Wings Publishing|url=http://www.oldbeacon.com/beacon/earth_inductor_compass.htm|archiveurl=https://wayback.archive.org/web/20090601000000*/http://www.oldbeacon.com/beacon/earth_inductor_compass.htm|archivedate=2009-05-10}}</ref> They were used in the [[Douglas World Cruiser]]s in 1924 during the [[First aerial circumnavigation|Around-the-World flight]] by the [[U.S. Army Air Corps]].<ref name=b/> [[Charles Lindbergh]] used the compass on his [[transatlantic flight]] in the [[Spirit of St. Louis]] in 1927.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=Charles A|title=The Spirit of St Louis|year=1953|publisher=Poolbeg Press|isbn=1-85371-912-9|pages=153,194}}</ref> Over the transatlantic leg of his voyage - a distance of about {{convert|2000|mi|km}} - he was able to navigate with a cumulative error of about {{convert|10|mi|km}} in landfall, or less than one percent of the distance travelled, by computing his position at hourly intervals by dead reckoning with the induction compass.<ref>{{cite book|last=Lindberg|first=Charles A|title=The Spirit of St Louis|year=1953|publisher=Poolbeg Press|isbn=1-85371-912-9|pages=153,194}}</ref>

==Operation==
Bliss' original design consisted of two [[armature (electrical engineering)|armature]]s spinning on a single vertical axle. One armature was connected to [[commutator (electric)|commutator]]s that were 90 degrees offset from the commutators connected to the other armature. When one set of commutators is aligned with the earth's magnetic field no current is produced, but an offset angle creates a positive or negative current in proportion to the sine of the offset angle. Since the sine of the angle peaks at 90 degrees, a reading could indicate either a certain direction or the exact opposite direction. The solution to this was a second armature with commutators offset by 90 degrees to help distinguish the two opposite directions.

The direction of travel was read by comparing the indications on two independent [[galvanometer]]s, one for each armature. The galvanometers had to be calibrated with the correct headings, since the voltage was proportional to the sine of the angle. Readings could be impacted by the armature's speed of rotation and by stray magnetic fields.

Later versions simplified readings to show the offset from the intended heading, rather than the full range of compass directions. The revised design allowed the user to rotate the commutators in such a way that zero current would be produced when the craft was traveling in the intended direction. A single galvanometer was then used to show if the pilot was steering too far to the left or to the right.

Lindberg's compass used an [[anemometer]] to spin the armature through a [[universal joint]]. The armature was mounted on gimbals to prevent it from tilting with the airplane's pitch and roll. Tilting the armature could have changed the angle of the Earth's flux to the armature, resulting in erroneous readings. The [[gyroscopic effect]] of the spinning armature also helped to keep it properly aligned.

==Patents==
* {{Ref patent | country = US | number = 1047157 | status = granted | title = Device for Determining Direction | gdate = 1912-12-17 | invent1 = Bliss, Donald M | assign1 = Henschel, Charles J | class = G01C17/30}}
* {{ Ref patent| country = US | number = 1840911 | status = granted | title = Induction compass | pubdate = 1932-01-12 | fdate = 1931-07-08 | pridate = 1931-07-08 | inventor = [[Nicolas Minorsky|N. Minorsky]] | invent1 = [[Nicolas Minorsky|N. Minorsky]] | assign1 = N. Minorsky | class = G01C17/30}}
* {{Ref patent | country = US | number = 2434324 | status = granted | title = Earth inductor compass | gdate = 1948-01-13 | invent1 = Lehde, Henry | assign1 = Control Instrument Company Inc | class = G01C17/30}}
* {{Ref patent | country = GB | number = 314786 | status = granted | title = Improvements in electro-magnetic apparatus for the observation and correction of travel of aerial and marine craft | gdate = 1929-12-23 | invent1 = Vion, Eugene | assign1 = | class = G01C17/36}}

==References==
{{Reflist}}

{{flight instruments}}

[[Category:Aircraft instruments]]
[[Category:Avionics]]
[[Category:Navigation]]
[[Category:Navigational equipment]]

Mary und die Blume der Hexen

2017-10-27T14:13:28Z

Theinstantmatrix: Filled in 1 bare reference(s) with reFill.

{{Infobox film
| name = Mary and the Witch's Flower
| image = Mary_and_the_witch's_flower_poster.jpg
| caption = Teaser poster
| film name = {{Infobox name module
| kanji = メアリと魔女の花
| romaji = Meari to Majo no Hana
}}
| director = [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
| producer = [[Yoshiaki Nishimura]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Riko Sakaguchi
* Hiromasa Yonebayashi
}}
| based on = {{based on|''The Little Broomstick''|[[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maryflower.jp/sp/ |title=『メアリと魔女の花』公式サイト |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301072351/http://www.maryflower.jp/sp/ |archivedate=1 March 2017 }}</ref>
| music = Takatsugu Muramatsu
| studio = [[Studio Ponoc]]
| distributor = [[Toho]]
| released = {{Film date|2017|07|08}}
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
| gross = [[USD|$]]28.8 million<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&country=JP&wk=2017W28&id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&p=.htm|title= Mary and the Witch's Flower|accessdate= 1 July 2017|work= [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Mary and the Witch's Flower'''''|メアリと魔女の花|Meari to Majo no Hana|lead=yes}} is a 2017 Japanese [[anime]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]] and produced by [[Studio Ponoc]], based on ''The Little Broomstick'' by [[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]. This is Studio Ponoc's first feature film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |title=長編 - 作品カテゴリー - STUDIO PONOC（スタジオポノック） |work=[[Studio Ponoc]] |date=15 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100101/http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref> The film tells a story of a young girl named Mary who finds a mysterious flower that can give her the power to become a witch, which lasts for one night only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |title=Former Ghibli director unveils new animated film, Mary and the Witch's Flower |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=16 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181240/http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |title=Mary and The Witch's Flower Teaser Trailer (Official) |work=[[YouTube]] |date=14 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |archivedate=4 February 2017 }}</ref> The film was released in Japan on July 8, 2017.

==Plot==
{{empty section|date=October 2017|section=1}}

==Voice cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Character
! Japanese Voice actor
! English Voice actor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-english-cast-announced/|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower English Cast Announced|work=Madman Entertainment|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Mary
| [[Hana Sugisaki]]
| [[Ruby Barnhill]]
|-
| Peter
| [[Ryunosuke Kamiki]]
| Louis Ashbourne Serkis
|-
| Madame Mumblechook
| [[Yūki Amami]]
| [[Kate Winslet]]
|-
| Doctor Dee
| [[Fumiyo Kohinata]]
| [[Jim Broadbent]]
|-
| Red Headed Witch
| [[Hikari Mitsushima]]
| [[Teresa Gallagher]]
|-
| Flanagan
| [[Jiro Sato (actor)|Jiro Sato]]
| [[Ewen Bremner]]
|-
| Zebedee
| [[Kenichi Endō]]
| [[Rasmus Hardiker]]
|-
| Banks
| [[Eriko Watanabe]]
| [[Morwenna Banks]]
|-
| Charlotte
| [[Shinobu Otake]]
| [[Lynda Baron]]
|-
|}

==Release==
''Mary and the Witch's Flower'' was released theatrically in Japan on July 8, 2017 by distributor [[Toho]], airing on 458 screens across Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|date=July 10, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Altitude Film Distribution|Altitude Film Sales]] announced at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] that it had acquired the worldwide rights to the film, and would release the film within the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-02/altitude-film-sales-acquires-worldwide-rights-to-mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film/.111766|title=Altitude Film Sales Acquires Worldwide Rights to Mary and the Witch's Flower Anime Film|date=February 2, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Madman Entertainment]] announced that it had secured the rights to the film within Australia and New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/madman-entertainment-to-release-mary-and-the-witchs-flower/|title=Madman Entertainment to release ‘Mary and The Witch’s Flower’|date=February 3, 2017|last=Ip|first=Sly|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> and would premiere the film theatrically at [[Madman Anime Festival]] in Melbourne on November 5, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-australia-premiere-madman-anime-festival/|title=Mary and the Witch’s Flower to have Australian premiere at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne!|last=Browne|first=Tessa|date=August 22, 2017|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[GKIDS]] later announced that it would distribute the film within North America, with a limited opening premiere scheduled for January 18, 2018, before a wide release on January 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-01/gkids-licenses-mary-and-the-witch-flower-film/.119603|title=GKIDS Licenses Mary and the Witch's Flower Film|date=August 1, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-studio-ponoc-gkids-fathom-events-hiromasa-yonebayashi-yoshiaki-nishimura-kate-winslet-1202190173/|title= 'Mary And The Witch's Flower' Sets Special One-Night Event For Nationwide Premiere|work=Deadline|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|date=October 18, 2017|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref>

The English dub of Mary and the Witch's Flower (starring Ruby Barnhill, Kate Winslet, Jim Broadbent) was directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi and produced by Geoffrey Wexler. The English dub was recorded in September 2017 in London, and had its premiere in Los Angeles on October 23, 2017.

==Reception==
The film opened at second place, grossing ¥428 million during its opening weekend in Japan; this was an increase compared to Yonebayashi's previous film, ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'' (2014), which had grossed ¥378.86 million in its first weekend.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|author=|date=|publisher=}}</ref>

==Music==
Composer Muramatsu Takatsugu, who also scored Yonebayashi's last film ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'', is in charge of the soundtrack for Mary and the Witch's Flower. Joshua Messick, one of the world's leading performers of the hammered dulcimer, a percussion and string instrument, participated in the score recording. <ref name="Soundtrack">{{cite web|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower Original Soundtrack|url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-original-soundtrack-japan-version/1060110506-0-0-0-en/info.html|website=yesasia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Hammered Dulcimer on “Mary and The Witch’s Flower” Soundtrack|url=http://joshuamessick.com/soundtrack-mary-witchs-flower/|website=Joshua Messick}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://maryflower.jp/}} {{ja icon}}
* {{imdb title|6336356}}
* {{ann|anime|19223|noparen=true}}

{{anime-film-stub}}
{{Hiromasa Yonebayashi}}

[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 anime films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films based on children's books]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Japanese animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Toho animated films]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in film]]

Mary und die Blume der Hexen

2017-10-26T01:21:55Z

Theinstantmatrix: should be a number, not section name

{{Infobox film
| name = Mary and the Witch's Flower
| image = Mary_and_the_witch's_flower_poster.jpg
| caption = Teaser poster
| film name = {{Infobox name module
| kanji = メアリと魔女の花
| romaji = Meari to Majo no Hana
}}
| director = [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
| producer = [[Yoshiaki Nishimura]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Riko Sakaguchi
* Hiromasa Yonebayashi
}}
| based on = {{based on|''The Little Broomstick''|[[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maryflower.jp/sp/ |title=『メアリと魔女の花』公式サイト |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301072351/http://www.maryflower.jp/sp/ |archivedate=1 March 2017 }}</ref>
| music = Takatsugu Muramatsu
| studio = [[Studio Ponoc]]
| distributor = [[Toho]]
| released = {{Film date|2017|07|08}}
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
| gross = [[USD|$]]28.8 million<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&country=JP&wk=2017W28&id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&p=.htm|title= Mary and the Witch's Flower|accessdate= 1 July 2017|work= [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Mary and the Witch's Flower'''''|メアリと魔女の花|Meari to Majo no Hana|lead=yes}} is a 2017 Japanese [[anime]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]] and produced by [[Studio Ponoc]], based on ''The Little Broomstick'' by [[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]. This is Studio Ponoc's first feature film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |title=長編 - 作品カテゴリー - STUDIO PONOC（スタジオポノック） |work=[[Studio Ponoc]] |date=15 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100101/http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref> The film tells a story of a young girl named Mary who finds a mysterious flower that can give her the power to become a witch, which lasts for one night only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |title=Former Ghibli director unveils new animated film, Mary and the Witch's Flower |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=16 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181240/http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |title=Mary and The Witch's Flower Teaser Trailer (Official) |work=[[YouTube]] |date=14 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |archivedate=4 February 2017 }}</ref> The film was released in Japan on July 8, 2017.

==Plot==
{{empty section|date=October 2017|section=1}}

==Voice cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Character
! Japanese Voice actor
! English Voice actor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-english-cast-announced/|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower English Cast Announced|work=Madman Entertainment|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Mary
| [[Hana Sugisaki]]
| [[Ruby Barnhill]]
|-
| Peter
| [[Ryunosuke Kamiki]]
| Louis Ashbourne Serkis
|-
| Madame Mumblechook
| [[Yūki Amami]]
| [[Kate Winslet]]
|-
| Doctor Dee
| [[Fumiyo Kohinata]]
| [[Jim Broadbent]]
|-
| Red Headed Witch
| [[Hikari Mitsushima]]
| [[Teresa Gallagher]]
|-
| Flanagan
| [[Jiro Sato (actor)|Jiro Sato]]
| [[Ewen Bremner]]
|-
| Zebedee
| [[Kenichi Endō]]
| [[Rasmus Hardiker]]
|-
| Banks
| [[Eriko Watanabe]]
| [[Morwenna Banks]]
|-
| Charlotte
| [[Shinobu Otake]]
| [[Lynda Baron]]
|-
|}

==Release==
''Mary and the Witch's Flower'' was released theatrically in Japan on July 8, 2017 by distributor [[Toho]], airing on 458 screens across Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|date=July 10, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Altitude Film Distribution|Altitude Film Sales]] announced at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] that it had acquired the worldwide rights to the film, and would release the film within the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-02/altitude-film-sales-acquires-worldwide-rights-to-mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film/.111766|title=Altitude Film Sales Acquires Worldwide Rights to Mary and the Witch's Flower Anime Film|date=February 2, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Madman Entertainment]] announced that it had secured the rights to the film within Australia and New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/madman-entertainment-to-release-mary-and-the-witchs-flower/|title=Madman Entertainment to release ‘Mary and The Witch’s Flower’|date=February 3, 2017|last=Ip|first=Sly|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> and would premiere the film theatrically at [[Madman Anime Festival]] in Melbourne on November 5, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-australia-premiere-madman-anime-festival/|title=Mary and the Witch’s Flower to have Australian premiere at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne!|last=Browne|first=Tessa|date=August 22, 2017|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[GKIDS]] later announced that it would distribute the film within North America, with a limited opening premiere scheduled for January 18, 2018, before a wide release on January 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-01/gkids-licenses-mary-and-the-witch-flower-film/.119603|title=GKIDS Licenses Mary and the Witch's Flower Film|date=August 1, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-studio-ponoc-gkids-fathom-events-hiromasa-yonebayashi-yoshiaki-nishimura-kate-winslet-1202190173/|title= 'Mary And The Witch's Flower' Sets Special One-Night Event For Nationwide Premiere|work=Deadline|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|date=October 18, 2017|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref>

The English dub of Mary and the Witch's Flower (starring Ruby Barnhill, Kate Winslet, Jim Broadbent) was directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi and produced by Geoffrey Wexler. The English dub was recorded in September 2017 in London, and had its premiere in Los Angeles on October 23, 2017.

==Reception==
The film opened at second place, grossing ¥428 million during its opening weekend in Japan; this was an increase compared to Yonebayashi's previous film, ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'' (2014), which had grossed ¥378.86 million in its first weekend.<ref>http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622</ref>

==Music==
Composer Muramatsu Takatsugu, who also scored Yonebayashi's last film ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'', is in charge of the soundtrack for Mary and the Witch's Flower. Joshua Messick, one of the world's leading performers of the hammered dulcimer, a percussion and string instrument, participated in the score recording. <ref name="Soundtrack">{{cite web|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower Original Soundtrack|url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-original-soundtrack-japan-version/1060110506-0-0-0-en/info.html|website=yesasia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Hammered Dulcimer on “Mary and The Witch’s Flower” Soundtrack|url=http://joshuamessick.com/soundtrack-mary-witchs-flower/|website=Joshua Messick}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://maryflower.jp/}} {{ja icon}}
* {{imdb title|6336356}}
* {{ann|anime|19223|noparen=true}}

{{anime-film-stub}}
{{Hiromasa Yonebayashi}}

[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 anime films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films based on children's books]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Japanese animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Toho animated films]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in film]]

Mary und die Blume der Hexen

2017-10-26T01:18:22Z

Theinstantmatrix: add section parameter

{{Infobox film
| name = Mary and the Witch's Flower
| image = Mary_and_the_witch's_flower_poster.jpg
| caption = Teaser poster
| film name = {{Infobox name module
| kanji = メアリと魔女の花
| romaji = Meari to Majo no Hana
}}
| director = [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
| producer = [[Yoshiaki Nishimura]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Riko Sakaguchi
* Hiromasa Yonebayashi
}}
| based on = {{based on|''The Little Broomstick''|[[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maryflower.jp/sp/ |title=『メアリと魔女の花』公式サイト |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301072351/http://www.maryflower.jp/sp/ |archivedate=1 March 2017 }}</ref>
| music = Takatsugu Muramatsu
| studio = [[Studio Ponoc]]
| distributor = [[Toho]]
| released = {{Film date|2017|07|08}}
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
| gross = [[USD|$]]28.8 million<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&country=JP&wk=2017W28&id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&p=.htm|title= Mary and the Witch's Flower|accessdate= 1 July 2017|work= [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Mary and the Witch's Flower'''''|メアリと魔女の花|Meari to Majo no Hana|lead=yes}} is a 2017 Japanese [[anime]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]] and produced by [[Studio Ponoc]], based on ''The Little Broomstick'' by [[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]. This is Studio Ponoc's first feature film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |title=長編 - 作品カテゴリー - STUDIO PONOC（スタジオポノック） |work=[[Studio Ponoc]] |date=15 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100101/http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref> The film tells a story of a young girl named Mary who finds a mysterious flower that can give her the power to become a witch, which lasts for one night only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |title=Former Ghibli director unveils new animated film, Mary and the Witch's Flower |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=16 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181240/http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |title=Mary and The Witch's Flower Teaser Trailer (Official) |work=[[YouTube]] |date=14 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |archivedate=4 February 2017 }}</ref> The film was released in Japan on July 8, 2017.

==Plot==
{{empty section|date=October 2017|section=Plot}}

==Voice cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Character
! Japanese Voice actor
! English Voice actor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-english-cast-announced/|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower English Cast Announced|work=Madman Entertainment|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Mary
| [[Hana Sugisaki]]
| [[Ruby Barnhill]]
|-
| Peter
| [[Ryunosuke Kamiki]]
| Louis Ashbourne Serkis
|-
| Madame Mumblechook
| [[Yūki Amami]]
| [[Kate Winslet]]
|-
| Doctor Dee
| [[Fumiyo Kohinata]]
| [[Jim Broadbent]]
|-
| Red Headed Witch
| [[Hikari Mitsushima]]
| [[Teresa Gallagher]]
|-
| Flanagan
| [[Jiro Sato (actor)|Jiro Sato]]
| [[Ewen Bremner]]
|-
| Zebedee
| [[Kenichi Endō]]
| [[Rasmus Hardiker]]
|-
| Banks
| [[Eriko Watanabe]]
| [[Morwenna Banks]]
|-
| Charlotte
| [[Shinobu Otake]]
| [[Lynda Baron]]
|-
|}

==Release==
''Mary and the Witch's Flower'' was released theatrically in Japan on July 8, 2017 by distributor [[Toho]], airing on 458 screens across Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|date=July 10, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Altitude Film Distribution|Altitude Film Sales]] announced at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] that it had acquired the worldwide rights to the film, and would release the film within the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-02/altitude-film-sales-acquires-worldwide-rights-to-mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film/.111766|title=Altitude Film Sales Acquires Worldwide Rights to Mary and the Witch's Flower Anime Film|date=February 2, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Madman Entertainment]] announced that it had secured the rights to the film within Australia and New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/madman-entertainment-to-release-mary-and-the-witchs-flower/|title=Madman Entertainment to release ‘Mary and The Witch’s Flower’|date=February 3, 2017|last=Ip|first=Sly|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> and would premiere the film theatrically at [[Madman Anime Festival]] in Melbourne on November 5, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-australia-premiere-madman-anime-festival/|title=Mary and the Witch’s Flower to have Australian premiere at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne!|last=Browne|first=Tessa|date=August 22, 2017|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[GKIDS]] later announced that it would distribute the film within North America, with a limited opening premiere scheduled for January 18, 2018, before a wide release on January 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-01/gkids-licenses-mary-and-the-witch-flower-film/.119603|title=GKIDS Licenses Mary and the Witch's Flower Film|date=August 1, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-studio-ponoc-gkids-fathom-events-hiromasa-yonebayashi-yoshiaki-nishimura-kate-winslet-1202190173/|title= 'Mary And The Witch's Flower' Sets Special One-Night Event For Nationwide Premiere|work=Deadline|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|date=October 18, 2017|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref>

The English dub of Mary and the Witch's Flower (starring Ruby Barnhill, Kate Winslet, Jim Broadbent) was directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi and produced by Geoffrey Wexler. The English dub was recorded in September 2017 in London, and had its premiere in Los Angeles on October 23, 2017.

==Reception==
The film opened at second place, grossing ¥428 million during its opening weekend in Japan; this was an increase compared to Yonebayashi's previous film, ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'' (2014), which had grossed ¥378.86 million in its first weekend.<ref>http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622</ref>

==Music==
Composer Muramatsu Takatsugu, who also scored Yonebayashi's last film ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'', is in charge of the soundtrack for Mary and the Witch's Flower. Joshua Messick, one of the world's leading performers of the hammered dulcimer, a percussion and string instrument, participated in the score recording. <ref name="Soundtrack">{{cite web|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower Original Soundtrack|url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-original-soundtrack-japan-version/1060110506-0-0-0-en/info.html|website=yesasia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Hammered Dulcimer on “Mary and The Witch’s Flower” Soundtrack|url=http://joshuamessick.com/soundtrack-mary-witchs-flower/|website=Joshua Messick}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://maryflower.jp/}} {{ja icon}}
* {{imdb title|6336356}}
* {{ann|anime|19223|noparen=true}}

{{anime-film-stub}}
{{Hiromasa Yonebayashi}}

[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 anime films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films based on children's books]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Japanese animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Toho animated films]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in film]]

Mary und die Blume der Hexen

2017-10-26T01:00:58Z

Theinstantmatrix: adding empty plot section

{{Infobox film
| name = Mary and the Witch's Flower
| image = Mary_and_the_witch's_flower_poster.jpg
| caption = Teaser poster
| film name = {{Infobox name module
| kanji = メアリと魔女の花
| romaji = Meari to Majo no Hana
}}
| director = [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
| producer = [[Yoshiaki Nishimura]]
| screenplay = {{Plainlist|
* Riko Sakaguchi
* Hiromasa Yonebayashi
}}
| based on = {{based on|''The Little Broomstick''|[[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maryflower.jp/sp/ |title=『メアリと魔女の花』公式サイト |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170301072351/http://www.maryflower.jp/sp/ |archivedate=1 March 2017 }}</ref>
| music = Takatsugu Muramatsu
| studio = [[Studio Ponoc]]
| distributor = [[Toho]]
| released = {{Film date|2017|07|08}}
| country = Japan
| language = Japanese
| gross = [[USD|$]]28.8 million<ref>{{cite web|url= http://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/intl/?id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&country=JP&wk=2017W28&id=_fMARYANDTHEWITCHS01&p=.htm|title= Mary and the Witch's Flower|accessdate= 1 July 2017|work= [[Box Office Mojo]]}}</ref>
}}

{{nihongo|'''''Mary and the Witch's Flower'''''|メアリと魔女の花|Meari to Majo no Hana|lead=yes}} is a 2017 Japanese [[anime]] [[fantasy film]] directed by [[Hiromasa Yonebayashi]] and produced by [[Studio Ponoc]], based on ''The Little Broomstick'' by [[Mary Stewart (novelist)|Mary Stewart]]. This is Studio Ponoc's first feature film.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |title=長編 - 作品カテゴリー - STUDIO PONOC（スタジオポノック） |work=[[Studio Ponoc]] |date=15 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205100101/http://www.ponoc.jp/works/category/feature/ |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref> The film tells a story of a young girl named Mary who finds a mysterious flower that can give her the power to become a witch, which lasts for one night only.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |title=Former Ghibli director unveils new animated film, Mary and the Witch's Flower |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=16 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170205181240/http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/16/13984298/studio-ghibli-director-new-movie-mary-and-the-witch-flower |archivedate=5 February 2017 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |title=Mary and The Witch's Flower Teaser Trailer (Official) |work=[[YouTube]] |date=14 December 2016 |accessdate=4 February 2017 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20170204091119/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J4vF4LDRrpo |archivedate=4 February 2017 }}</ref> The film was released in Japan on July 8, 2017.

==Plot==
{{empty section|date=October 2017}}

==Voice cast==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Character
! Japanese Voice actor
! English Voice actor<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-english-cast-announced/|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower English Cast Announced|work=Madman Entertainment|access-date=2017-10-15|language=en-US}}</ref>
|-
| Mary
| [[Hana Sugisaki]]
| [[Ruby Barnhill]]
|-
| Peter
| [[Ryunosuke Kamiki]]
| Louis Ashbourne Serkis
|-
| Madame Mumblechook
| [[Yūki Amami]]
| [[Kate Winslet]]
|-
| Doctor Dee
| [[Fumiyo Kohinata]]
| [[Jim Broadbent]]
|-
| Red Headed Witch
| [[Hikari Mitsushima]]
| [[Teresa Gallagher]]
|-
| Flanagan
| [[Jiro Sato (actor)|Jiro Sato]]
| [[Ewen Bremner]]
|-
| Zebedee
| [[Kenichi Endō]]
| [[Rasmus Hardiker]]
|-
| Banks
| [[Eriko Watanabe]]
| [[Morwenna Banks]]
|-
| Charlotte
| [[Shinobu Otake]]
| [[Lynda Baron]]
|-
|}

==Release==
''Mary and the Witch's Flower'' was released theatrically in Japan on July 8, 2017 by distributor [[Toho]], airing on 458 screens across Japan.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622|title=Mary & the Witch's Flower Anime Film Earns 428 Million Yen to Open at #2|date=July 10, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Altitude Film Distribution|Altitude Film Sales]] announced at the [[Berlin International Film Festival]] that it had acquired the worldwide rights to the film, and would release the film within the UK.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-02-02/altitude-film-sales-acquires-worldwide-rights-to-mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film/.111766|title=Altitude Film Sales Acquires Worldwide Rights to Mary and the Witch's Flower Anime Film|date=February 2, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[Madman Entertainment]] announced that it had secured the rights to the film within Australia and New Zealand,<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/madman-entertainment-to-release-mary-and-the-witchs-flower/|title=Madman Entertainment to release ‘Mary and The Witch’s Flower’|date=February 3, 2017|last=Ip|first=Sly|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> and would premiere the film theatrically at [[Madman Anime Festival]] in Melbourne on November 5, 2017.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.madman.com.au/news/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-australia-premiere-madman-anime-festival/|title=Mary and the Witch’s Flower to have Australian premiere at Madman Anime Festival Melbourne!|last=Browne|first=Tessa|date=August 22, 2017|publisher=[[Madman Entertainment]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref> [[GKIDS]] later announced that it would distribute the film within North America, with a limited opening premiere scheduled for January 18, 2018, before a wide release on January 19, 2018.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-08-01/gkids-licenses-mary-and-the-witch-flower-film/.119603|title=GKIDS Licenses Mary and the Witch's Flower Film|date=August 1, 2017|publisher=[[Anime News Network]]|accessdate=August 22, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://deadline.com/2017/10/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-studio-ponoc-gkids-fathom-events-hiromasa-yonebayashi-yoshiaki-nishimura-kate-winslet-1202190173/|title= 'Mary And The Witch's Flower' Sets Special One-Night Event For Nationwide Premiere|work=Deadline|last1=Ramos|first1=Dino-Ray|date=October 18, 2017|accessdate=October 19, 2017}}</ref>

The English dub of Mary and the Witch's Flower (starring Ruby Barnhill, Kate Winslet, Jim Broadbent) was directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi and produced by Geoffrey Wexler. The English dub was recorded in September 2017 in London, and had its premiere in Los Angeles on October 23, 2017.

==Reception==
The film opened at second place, grossing ¥428 million during its opening weekend in Japan; this was an increase compared to Yonebayashi's previous film, ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'' (2014), which had grossed ¥378.86 million in its first weekend.<ref>http://www.animenewsnetwork.com/news/2017-07-10/mary-and-the-witch-flower-anime-film-earns-428-million-yen-to-open-at-no.2/.118622</ref>

==Music==
Composer Muramatsu Takatsugu, who also scored Yonebayashi's last film ''[[When Marnie Was There]]'', is in charge of the soundtrack for Mary and the Witch's Flower. Joshua Messick, one of the world's leading performers of the hammered dulcimer, a percussion and string instrument, participated in the score recording. <ref name="Soundtrack">{{cite web|title=Mary and the Witch's Flower Original Soundtrack|url=http://www.yesasia.com/global/mary-and-the-witchs-flower-original-soundtrack-japan-version/1060110506-0-0-0-en/info.html|website=yesasia.com}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web|title=Hammered Dulcimer on “Mary and The Witch’s Flower” Soundtrack|url=http://joshuamessick.com/soundtrack-mary-witchs-flower/|website=Joshua Messick}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* {{Official website|http://maryflower.jp/}} {{ja icon}}
* {{imdb title|6336356}}
* {{ann|anime|19223|noparen=true}}

{{anime-film-stub}}
{{Hiromasa Yonebayashi}}

[[Category:2010s fantasy films]]
[[Category:2017 anime films]]
[[Category:2017 films]]
[[Category:Fantasy anime and manga]]
[[Category:Films based on British novels]]
[[Category:Films based on children's books]]
[[Category:Films directed by Hiromasa Yonebayashi]]
[[Category:Japanese films]]
[[Category:Japanese animated fantasy films]]
[[Category:Toho animated films]]
[[Category:Witchcraft in film]]

Slutshaming

2017-10-22T16:06:19Z

Theinstantmatrix: .

{{Feminism sidebar}}
{{Discrimination sidebar|expanded =all}}
In [[human sexuality]], '''slut-shaming''' is a form of [[social stigma]] applied to people, especially women and girls, who are perceived to violate traditional expectations for sexual behaviors. Some examples of circumstances wherein women are slut-shamed include violating [[dress code]] policies by dressing in perceived sexually provocative ways, requesting access to [[birth control]],<ref name="Lamb B14–B15">{{cite journal | last=Lamb | first=Sharon| author-link = Sharon Lamb | title=The 'Right' Sexuality for Girls |date=27 June 2008 | journal=[[Chronicle of Higher Education]] | volume=54 | issue=42 | pages=B14–B15 | url=https://chronicle.com/article/The-Right-Sexuality-for/13770 | issn=0009-5982 | subscription = yes | quote=In Dilemmas of Desire: Teenage Girls Talk About Sexuality (Harvard University Press, 2002), Deborah L. Tolman complained that we've 'desexualized girls' sexuality, substituting the desire for relationship and emotional connection for sexual feelings in their bodies.' Recognizing that fact, theorists have used the concept of desire as a way to undo the double standard that applauds a guy for his lust, calling him a player, and shames a girl for hers, calling her a slut.}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Albury |first1=Kath |last2=Crawford |first2=Kate |title=Sexting, consent and young people's ethics: Beyond ''Megan's Story'' |journal=[[Continuum: Journal of Media & Cultural Studies]] |date=18 May 2012 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=463–473 |doi=10.1080/10304312.2012.665840 |quote=Certainly the individualizing admonishment to 'think again' offers no sense of the broader legal and political environment in which sexting might occur, or any critique of a culture that requires young women to preserve their 'reputations' by avoiding overt demonstrations of sexual knowingness and desire. Further, by trading on the propensity of teenagers to feel embarrassment about their bodies and commingling it with the anxiety of mobiles being ever present, the ad becomes a potent mix of technology fear and body shame.}}</ref><ref name="limbaugh"/> having [[Premarital sex|premarital]], [[casual sex|casual]], or [[promiscuous]] sex, engaging in [[prostitution]],<ref>{{Cite journal|last=Tesla|first=Carrasquillo,|date=2014-01-01|title=Understanding Prostitution and the Need for Reform|url=http://digitalcommons.tourolaw.edu/lawreview/vol30/iss3/11/|journal=Touro Law Review|volume=30|issue=3|issn=8756-7326}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&id=BbETAAAAQBAJ&q=slut+shaming#v=snippet&q=slut%20shaming&f=false|title=Sex Workers Unite: A History of the Movement from Stonewall to Slutwalk|last=Chateauvert|first=Melinda|date=2014-02-07|publisher=Beacon Press|year=|isbn=9780807061398|location=|pages=49|language=English|quote=It encouraged women to be angry about whore stigma and slut shaming for pursuing sexual pleasure or trading sex for money|via=}}</ref> or when being [[victim blaming|victim blamed]] for being [[rape]]d or otherwise [[sexually assaulted]].<ref name="asking" /><ref>{{Cite book|url=https://bhttps://books.google.com/books?redir_esc=y&q=slut+shaming#v=snippet&q=slut%20shaming&f=false|title=Sex Workers Unite: A History of the Movement from Stonewall to SlutWalk|last=Chateauvert|first=Melinda|date=2014-01-07|publisher=Beacon Press|year=|isbn=9780807061404|location=|pages=|language=en|quote=Slut-shaming implies that victims of sex violence "asked for it" because they were sexually promiscuous or dressed provocatively.|via=}}</ref>

==Definitions and characteristics==
Slut-shaming is defined by many as a process in which women are attacked for their transgression of accepted codes of sexual conduct,<ref name="Ringrose2012">{{cite book|author=Jessica Ringrose|title=Postfeminist Education?: Girls and the Sexual Politics of Schooling|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1jbsSXc9rUQC&pg=PA93|accessdate=16 May 2013|date=21 August 2012|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-1-136-25971-5|page=93}}</ref> i.e., of admonishing them for behavior or desires that are more sexual than society finds acceptable.<ref name="FoyDale2013">{{cite book|author=Denise Du Vernay|title=Feminism, Sexism, and the Small Screen|pages=163–182}} in {{cite book|author1=Joseph J. Foy|author2=Timothy M. Dale|title=Homer Simpson Ponders Politics: Popular Culture as Political Theory|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dvnAmHgqTX4C&|accessdate=16 May 2013|date=24 April 2013|publisher=University Press of Kentucky|isbn=978-0-8131-4151-0|page=164}}</ref><ref name="Bazelon2013">{{cite book|author=Emily Bazelon|title=Sticks and Stones: Defeating the Culture of Bullying and Rediscovering the Power of Character and Empathy|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=5Z9QxYZ4J1kC&pg=PA95|accessdate=16 May 2013|date=19 February 2013|publisher=Random House Publishing Group|isbn=978-0-679-64400-2|page=95}} Emphasis in original.</ref><ref>{{cite book|last=Schalet|first=Amy T.|title=Not Under My Roof: Parents, Teens, and the Culture of Sex|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hVBV86xxG10C|year=2011|publisher=University of Chicago Press|isbn=978-0-226-73620-4|pages=[https://books.google.com/books?id=hVBV86xxG10C&pg=PA12 12], [https://books.google.com/books?id=hVBV86xxG10C&pg=PA156 156]}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Tolman|first1=Deborah L.|title=Dilemmas of desire teenage girls talk about sexuality.|date=2005|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674018563|edition=1. Harvard Univ. Press paperback ed.}}</ref>

Slut-shaming is used against women by both men and women.<ref name="Psy.D.Eagleson2010">{{cite book|author1=[[Belisa Vranich]], Psy.D.|author2=Holly Eagleson|title=Boys Lie: How Not to Get Played|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=4cToqrySVDAC&pg=PA52|accessdate=16 May 2013|date=1 July 2010|publisher=HCI|isbn=978-0-7573-1364-6|page=52}}</ref><ref>[http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/5/9/political-sex-scandalsmonicalewinskysexismslutshaming.html Monica Lewinsky’s return and the sexism 2.0 of political scandals]</ref> Jessica Ringrose has argued that slut-shaming functions among women as a way of [[Sublimation (psychology)|sublimating]] sexual jealousy "into a socially acceptable form of social critique of girls' sexual expression".<ref name="Ringrose2012"/> The term ''slut-shaming'' is also used to describe [[victim blaming]] for [[rape]] and other [[sexual assault]]; e.g. by stating that the crime was caused (either in part or in full) by the woman wearing revealing clothing or acting in a sexually provocative manner, before refusing consent to sex,<ref name="asking" /> and thereby absolving the perpetrator of guilt. The study "Birds of a feather? Not when it comes to sexual permissiveness," published in the ''Journal of Social and Personal Relationships'', notes that sexually lenient individuals are judged more negatively than non-permissive peers, which places those who are more permissive at risk of social isolation.<ref name="spr.sagepub.com">{{cite journal |last1=Vrangalova |first1=Z. |author2=Bukberg, R. E.; Rieger, G.|title=Birds of a feather? Not when it comes to sexual permissiveness|journal=Journal of Social and Personal Relationships |date=19 May 2013 |doi=10.1177/0265407513487638 |url=http://spr.sagepub.com/content/early/2013/05/16/0265407513487638.full.pdf+html |volume=31 |pages=93–113}}</ref> The researchers from Cornell University found that similar sentiments appeared in nonsexual, same-sex friendship context as well.<ref name="spr.sagepub.com"/> The researchers had college women read a vignette describing an imaginary female peer, "Joan", then rate their feelings about her personality.<ref name="spr.sagepub.com"/> To one group of women, Joan was described as having two lifetime sexual partners; to another group, she had had twenty partners.<ref name="slate.com">{{cite web|last=Hess |first=Amanda |url=http://www.slate.com/blogs/xx_factor/2013/06/07/slut_shaming_study_women_discriminate_against_promiscuous_women_but_so_do.html |title=Slut-shaming study: Women discriminate against promiscuous women, but so do men |publisher=Slate.com |date=7 June 2013 |accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref> The study found that women—even women who were more promiscuous themselves—rated the Joan with 20 partners as "less competent, emotionally stable, warm, and dominant than the Joan who'd only boasted two".<ref name="spr.sagepub.com"/><ref name="slate.com"/>

== In the media ==
[[File:SlutWalk NYC October 2011 Shankbone 4.JPG|thumb|right|Two women protesting about victim-blaming and slut-shaming at New York City's [[SlutWalk]] in October 2011]]
The [[SlutWalk]] protest march started in [[Toronto]] in response to an incident where a Toronto Police officer told a group of students that they could avoid sexual assault by not dressing like "sluts".<ref name="asking">{{cite journal |last1=McCormack |first1=Clare |last2=Prostran |first2=Nevena |title=Asking for it: a first-hand account from slutwalk |journal=[[International Feminist Journal of Politics]] |year=2012 |volume=14 |issue=3 |pages=410–414 |doi=10.1080/14616742.2012.699777 | publisher = [[Taylor and Francis]] | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616742.2012.699777 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Ringrose | first1 = Jessica | last2 = Renold | first2 = Emma | title = Slut-shaming, girl power and ‘sexualisation’: thinking through the politics of the international SlutWalks with teen girls | journal = [[Gender and Education]], special issue: Making Sense of the Sexualisation Debates: Schools and Beyond | volume = 24 | issue = 3 | pages = 333–343 | publisher = [[Taylor and Francis]] | doi = 10.1080/09540253.2011.645023 | date = May 2012 | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09540253.2011.645023 | ref = harv | postscript = .}} [http://eprints.ioe.ac.uk/11877/1/Ringrose_and_renold_Slutwalk_2012.pdf Pdf.]</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.slutwalktoronto.com/|title=SlutWalk Toronto - BECAUSE WE'VE HAD ENOUGH - SlutWalk Toronto|work=slutwalktoronto.com}}</ref> Progress to end slut-shaming has gained momentum in the U.S. when bigger SlutWalks are organized by celebrities like Amber Rose. Rose's second annual walk in Los Angeles of 2016 was reported to have "several hundred" women in attendance.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.laweekly.com/arts/amber-roses-slutwalk-was-reality-tv-ready-7456324|title=Amber Rose's SlutWalk Was Reality TV Ready|last=Lecaro|first=Lina|date=2016-10-03|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref>

The term has since been used when describing the comments of [[Rush Limbaugh]] during the [[Rush Limbaugh–Sandra Fluke controversy]].<ref name=":0">{{cite news |last=Ball |first=Krystal |title=Boycott Rush |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/krystal-ball/rush-limbaugh-sandra-fluke_b_1315805.html |series=The Blog |work=HuffPost |accessdate=13 December 2012 |date=3 February 2012 |quote=This type of despicable behavior is part and parcel of a time-worn tradition of Slut-Shaming. When women step out line, they are demeaned and degraded into silence. If you say Herman Cain sexually harassed you, you are a slut. If you say Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas sexually harassed you, you are a slut.}}</ref> Condemnation of Limbaugh following the incident is argued to have increased public attention to societal shame around women being demeaned in the media for use of birth control.<ref name="limbaugh">{{cite journal |last1=Legge |first1=Nancy J. |last2=DiSanza |first2=James R. |last3=Gribas |first3=John |last4=Shiffler |first4=Aubrey |title="He sounded like a vile, disgusting pervert..." An Analysis of Persuasive Attacks on Rush Limbaugh During the Sandra Fluke Controversy |journal=Journal of Radio & Audio Media |year=2012 |volume=19 |issue=2 |pages=173–205 |doi= 10.1080/19376529.2012.722468 | url = https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19376529.2012.722468 |quote=It is also possible that the Limbaugh incident has turned "slut-shaming", or other similar attacks on women, into a "Devil-term". It may be possible that Limbaugh's insults were so thoroughly condemned that he and others (such as Bill Maher) will have a more difficult time insulting women who are not virgins, or attacking them in other sexist ways.}}</ref>

Kaitlin Menza argues that slut-shaming is a common form of bullying on social media, with some people using [[revenge porn]]ography tactics to spread intimate photos without consent. In 2012, a California teenager, [[Suicide of Audrie Pott|Audrie Pott]], was sexually assaulted by three boys at a party. She committed suicide eight days after photos of her being assaulted were distributed among her peer group.<ref>{{cite web|url = http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/30/slut-shaming-teen-girls_n_4178812.html|title = Teen Girls Take A Stand Against Slut Shaming: What It Is, And Why You Should Care|accessdate = |series = Huff Post Teen|website = The Huffington Post|last = Menza|first = Kaitlin|date=October 30, 2013}}</ref>

James Miller, editor-in-chief, for the [[Ludwig von Mises Institute]] of Canada wrote a controversial article defending slut shaming.<ref name="Why Slut-Shame">{{cite web|url=http://townhall.com/tipsheet/kateandrews/2013/09/03/editorinchief-of-mises-institute-in-canada-advocates-slut-shaming-n1690262 |title=Editor-In-Chief of Mises Institute in Canada Advocates "Slut-Shaming" – Kate Andrews |publisher=Townhall.com |date=3 September 2013 |accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref> The article was later taken down, but still received criticism from some libertarians, such as Gina Luttrell of ''Thoughts on Liberty'', an all-female [[libertarian]] blog.<ref name="Misogynists Gonna Misogynate">{{cite web|last=Robinson |first=Elizabeth |url=http://thoughtsonliberty.com/misogynists-gonna-misogynate-or-more-issues-with-that-mises-ca-post |title=Misogynists Gonna…Misogynate? (or, More Issues with That Mises.ca Post) |publisher=Thoughts on Liberty |date=5 September 2013 |accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref>

The comedy duo Sorry About Last Night (composed of Krystyna Hutchinson and Corinne Fischer) have a podcast that is entitled “Guys We F****d, The Anti-slut shaming podcast”.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/03/13/guys-we-fucked-corinne-fisher-krystyna-hutchinson_n_4951770.html|title=This Is The Sexiest Podcast You'll Ever Hear|last=Editor|first=Emma Gray Executive Women's|last2=Post|first2=The Huffington|date=2014-03-13|work=HuffPost|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> The women interview previous men that they have slept with along with an array of people like fellow comedians, celebrities like Andy Dick, or sex-workers.{{CN|date=May 2017}} This podcast has over 200,000 listeners on each episode that is on SoundCloud.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://soundcloud.com/guyswefucked|title=Guys We F****d|website=SoundCloud|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> This podcast is now available on iTunes as well although it was kept off of iTunes for some time for unknown reasons, according to one interviewer "“iTunes would not comment on whether the show is subject to an official ban”.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/02/18/the-podcast-too-hot-for-itunes.html|title=The Podcast Too Hot for iTunes|last=Goldstein|first=Rich|date=2014-02-18|website=The Daily Beast|access-date=2016-10-05}}</ref> The goal of the podcast is to de-stigmatize the way we talk about sex so that slut-shaming becomes less of an issue, Hutchinson explains in an interview with ''The Huffington Post'': “We want to make people feel more comfortable in their own skin. We just got a message from a girl from New Delhi, India, about how she loves the podcast because it makes her feel like it’s OK to be comfortable with your sexuality and enjoy sex. And that made me so happy.” <ref name=":0" />

== In social media ==
With the proliferation in the use of [[social networking]] tools, the practice of slut-shaming is becoming more prevalent among [[social media]] platforms, including [[YouTube]] and [[Facebook]].

In the YouTube community, users such as Jenna Mourey (aka [[Jenna Marbles]]) speak out against “sluts” in their videos. In a video released in December 2012 entitled "Things I don’t understand about girls Part 2: Slut edition", Mourey scorns women who engage in [[casual sex]]:

“A slut is someone that has a lot of casual sex. [...] It’s the girl that you’re like, ‘Pyeah [sic], yeah, she’s a slut.’ Yeah, that girl. Those are the group of people that I’m talking about. [...] Help the sluts of the world make less bad slutty decisions. [...] We need to look out for the sluts of the universe together. Because I think they are just a little lonely and sad.”

Lewis Webb, PhD candidate at [[Umeå University]] (Sweden), emphasizes that Mourey’s opinion is one among several in the YouTube community and that “the medium [of YouTube] is increasingly being used to attack and malign female reputations and criticize female sexual behavior.”<ref>{{Cite journal|title = Shame transfigured: Slut-shaming from Rome to cyberspace|url = http://ojphi.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/5464|journal = First Monday|date = 2015-04-02|issn = 1396-0466|volume = 20|issue = 4|language = en|first = Lewis Mark|last = Webb|doi=10.5210/fm.v20i4.5464}}</ref>

Slut-shaming is also commonplace on Facebook. In the middle of 2015, twenty-three year old Australia resident, Olivia Melville, was the target of slut-shaming by Chris Hall, a man who took a screenshot of her [[Tinder (app)|Tinder]] biography and posted it on Facebook. Melville’s biography was a lyric from the song “Only” by the rapper [[Drake (musician)|Drake]] and read: “Type of girl that will suck you dry and then eat some lunch with you.” The post spawned a plethora of comments, calling Melville a “bitch” and a “cunt.” Zane Alchin even alluded to the threat of a sexual assault in a series of comments on the photo, including: “You know the best thing about a feminist they don’t get any action so when you rape them it feels 100 times tighter.”<ref>{{Cite web|title = This Woman Received Rape Threats for Quoting Drake on Tinder|url = http://mic.com/articles/124646/olivia-melville-was-slut-shamed-and-received-rape-threats-for-quoting-drake-on-her-tinder-profile#.I0vMKyLgT|website = Mic|accessdate = 2015-11-16}}</ref> Alchin was subsequently convicted of using a [[carriage service]] to menace, harass or cause offence.<ref>{{cite news|url = https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/jul/30/how-facebook-troll-came-undone|author = Elle Hunt|date = 30 July 2016|accessdate = 30 July 2016|newspaper = [[The Guardian]]|title = 'What law am I breaking?' How a Facebook troll came undone}}</ref>

== In literature ==
There are several instances in literature in which women are degraded or admonished for their sexual behavior. In these novels, men are largely exempt from the public outrage that their female counterparts endure for engaging in relationships deemed socially inappropriate:

* In [[Nathaniel Hawthorne]]'s ''[[The Scarlet Letter]]'', [[Hester Prynne]] is forced to wear a scarlet letter "A" to display her adulterous affair to her whole town.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com">{{cite news | url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/10/07/book-characters-sex_n_3960991.html| work= The Huffington Post| last=Triska | first=Zoë| title=9 Female Book Characters Punished For Having Sex | date=7 October 2013| accessdate=24 December 2013}}</ref>
* In ''[[Tess of the D'Urbervilles]]'' by [[Thomas Hardy]], the title character is abandoned by her husband after she tells him how she was coerced into a sexual relationship with her former employer, Alec. He is completely disgusted by the revelation and claims that she is "not the woman he fell in love with."
* In ''[[Anna Karenina]]'' by [[Leo Tolstoy]], the title character has a highly public affair with the affluent Count Vronsky. Anna is rejected by her friends, while the reputation of Count Vronsky remains more or less untarnished.<ref name="huffingtonpost.com"/>

==In school dress codes==
{{weasel|section|date=August 2016}}
Some believe that school [[dress codes]] are a form of slut shaming, and are unfair to girls and women.<ref name="Carroll">{{cite web|last1=Carroll|first1=Rory|title=Students protest 'slut shaming' high school dress codes with mass walkouts|url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2014/sep/24/us-high-schools-dress-codes-protest-sexism-hemline|website=The Guardian|accessdate=8 December 2014}}</ref> In the United States, some believe that these dress codes "violate [[Title IX]], the [[federal law]] that ensures non-[[discrimination]] in educational environments."<ref name="Carroll"/> On Monday, September 22, 2014, "about 100 pupils walked out of Bingham high school in South Jordan, Utah."<ref name="Carroll"/> Students staged a walkout because more than a dozen girls were turned away from a [[homecoming dance]] for wearing dresses which violated the dress code rules.<ref name="Carroll"/> "School staff allegedly lined up girls against a wall as they arrived and banished about two dozen for having dresses which purportedly showed too much skin and violated the rules." It is believed that this act was awkward and humiliating towards the female students, which spawned the walkouts.<ref name="Carroll"/>

Certain dress code restrictions in schools across North America are believed to be perpetuating sexist standards, since they concentrate specifically on females and what they are and are not allowed to wear. There is also an emphasis placed on the effects that girls’ wardrobe choices have on their male classmates, which is seen by some as inappropriate. In March 2014, a group of middle-school girls from Evanston, Illinois protested their school’s dress code, which prohibited them from wearing leggings to school under the pretense that it was “too distracting for boys.” Thirteen-year-old student, Sophie Hasty, was quoted in the Evanston Review saying that “not being able to wear leggings because it’s ‘too distracting for boys’ is giving us the impression we should be guilty for what guys do.” In a Time magazine article covering the incident, Eliana Dockterman argued that teachers and administration in these schools are “walking the fine line between enforcing a dress code and slut shaming.”<ref>{{Cite web|title = When Enforcing School Dress Codes Turns Into Slut Shaming|url = http://time.com/36997/when-enforcing-school-dress-codes-turns-into-slut-shaming/|website = TIME.com|accessdate = 2015-11-16|first = Eliana|last = Dockterman}}</ref>

In September 2014, a similar incident occurred at Tottenville High School in Staten Island, New York. Within the first few days of the semester, two hundred detention slips were handed out to students who violated the school’s dress code. Approximately ninety percent of the slips distributed were given to girls as their clothing was deemed “disruptive to teaching and learning.” Many claim that making girls feel guilty for the actions of boys is similar to telling victims of sexual assault that they were “asking for it” by dressing in a particular manner and has thus been linked to the practice of victim-blaming.<ref>{{Cite web|title = Schools Are Still Slut-Shaming Girls While Enforcing Dress Code|url = http://time.com/3394549/dress-code-long-island-new-york/|website = TIME.com|accessdate = 2015-11-16|first = Eliana|last = Dockterman}}</ref>

A Canadian teenager, Lauren Wiggins, was given detention in May 2015 for wearing a floor-length dress with a halter neckline. The punishment prompted Wiggins to write an open letter to the school’s assistant vice principal at Harrison Trimble High School in Moncton, New Brunswick. In the letter, Wiggins concentrated specifically on the fact that females are often blamed for the behaviour of males, saying that if a boy “will get distracted by my upper back and shoulders then he needs to be sent home and practice self-control.” She was then given a one-day suspension after writing and submitting the letter.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/14/lauren-wiggins-haltar-top_n_7284528.html|title=High Schooler Lauren Wiggins' Letter Nails Exactly What's Wrong With School Dress Codes|date=14 May 2015|work=The Huffington Post}}</ref>

== Attempts to stop the practice ==
Activism takes place worldwide. In April, 2011, Heather Jarvis and Sonya Barnett co-founded SlutWalk Toronto after a local Toronto police officer made the comment that "women should avoid dressing like sluts in order to not be victimized". Participants cover their bodies in messages reading "Don't Tell Me How to Dress" and "I am not a slut but I like having consensual sex" and march under a giant banner with the word slut on it to take poison out of the word "slut" itself. From Vancouver to New York City, to Rio, Jerusalem, Hong Kong and more, the campaign has spread globally.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Nguyen|first1=Tram|title=From SlutWalks to SuicideGirls: Feminist Resistance in the Third Wave and Postfeminist Era|journal=Women's Studies Quarterly|date=1 January 2013|volume=41|issue=3/4|pages=157–172|doi=10.1353/wsq.2013.0102|jstor=23611512}}</ref>

The internet is a resource that exposes sexuality and sexual behaviors. In ''Harmful to Minors: The Perils of Protecting Minors from Sex (2002)'', Judith Levine argues that censoring women and children from the Internet doesn't benefit them in any way but instead results in ignorance.<ref>{{cite book|last1=Heywood|first1=ed. by Leslie L.|title=A - Z.|date=2006|publisher=Greenwood Press|location=Westport, Conn. [u.a.]|isbn=0313331340|pages=306|edition=1. publ.}}</ref>

In 2008, hundreds of South African women protested the local taxi rank wearing miniskirts and t-shirts that read, "Pissed-OffWomen." after a taxi driver and multiple hawkers confronted a young girl about wearing a short denim miniskirt and penetrated her with their fingers, calling her "slut" repeatedly. Protesters wanted to make their message clear; they wanted men to stop harassing women no matter how short their skirts were and that no matter how short it may be, it is never an invitation.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Wininger|first1=K. J.|title=Stomp & Holler: Because We've Had Enough! The Transformation of SlutWalks|journal=Transformations: The Journal of Inclusive Scholarship and Pedagogy|date=1 January 2012|volume=22|issue=2|pages=144–151|doi=10.5325/trajincschped.22.2.0144|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5325/trajincschped.22.2.0144}}</ref>

After the gang rape of an unconscious sixteen year old girl in Steubenville, Ohio, August of 2012, football players spread videos of the assault to other classmates whom some of which posted the videos to Twitter and Instagram. The pictures and video were later removed by authorities, however that didn't stop people from hash-tagging "Whore status" or "I have no sympathy for whores" on their tweets. Members of the collective Anonymous reported names of the rapists and classmates who spread the footage to local authorities. They took to the streets and internet requesting help from the community to bring justice to the Jane Doe who was raped.
<ref>{{cite book|title=Hate Crimes in Cyberspace|publisher=Harvard University Press|isbn=9780674368293|pages=95–119|url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt7zsws7.7|chapter=Civil Rights Movements, Past and Present}}</ref>

Members of The Arts Effect All-Girl Theater Company have developed a play, ''[[Slut: The Play]]'', in which they address the damaging impact of slut-shaming and slut culture.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/lauren-hersh/nyc-girls-challenge-weiner_b_3691859.html |title=NYC Girls Challenge Weiner Campaign: Stop Slut-Shaming |first=Lauren|last=Hersh |work=[[The Huffington Post]] |date= 2 August 2013|accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref><ref name="sluttheplay.com">{{cite web|url=http://sluttheplay.com/why/ |title=Why Slut — Slut |publisher=Sluttheplay.com |date= |accessdate=11 April 2014}}</ref> The creators note that their play "is a call to action – a reminder" that slut-shaming is happening every day, almost everywhere.<ref name="sluttheplay.com" /> "Slut" is inspired by real-life experiences of 14- to 17-year-old girls from New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Pennsylvania.<ref name="sluttheplay.com" /> The play was shown at the 2013 New York Fringe Festival.<ref name="sluttheplay.com" /><ref>{{cite web|url=http://shine.yahoo.com/love-sex/teenage-peta-pinup-speaks-out-205112851.html |title=Meet the Teen Star of PETA's Latest Controversy. We Love Her. |website=Love + Sex – Yahoo Shine |publisher=Shine.yahoo.com |date=8 August 2013 |accessdate=11 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140404050810/https://shine.yahoo.com/love-sex/teenage-peta-pinup-speaks-out-205112851.html |archivedate=April 4, 2014 }}</ref>

In her statement on the production, and of slut-shaming in general, author of ''Slut! Growing Up Female with a Bad Reputation'', [[Leora Tanenbaum]] writes: "A teenage girl today is caught in an impossible situation. She has to project a sexy image and embrace, to some extent, a 'slutty' identity. Otherwise, she risks being mocked as an irrelevant prude. But if her peers decide she has crossed an invisible, constantly shifting boundary and has become too 'slutty,' she loses all credibility. Even if she was coerced into sex, her identity and reputation are taken from her. Indeed, the power to tell her own story is wrested from her. The Arts Effect's SLUT written by Katie Cappiello vividly represents this irrational, harmful, terrible circumstance...This play is the most powerful and authentic representation of the sexual double standard I have ever seen."<ref name="sluttheplay.com"/>

In April 2013, Emily Lindin, founder of the UnSlut Project, created a blog to share her stories on sexual bullying to “provide some perspective to girls who currently feel trapped and ashamed". The blog now consists of entries from members of all ages, ethnicities, and genders. The film, ''UnSlut: A Documentary Film'', coincides with the project and is screened across the country.<ref>{{Cite web|url = http://www.unslutproject.com/about.html|title = The UnSlut Project|date = |accessdate = |website = |publisher = |last = Lindin|first = Emily}}</ref>

After experiencing slut-shaming first-hand, Olivia Melville, Paloma Brierly Newton and approximately a dozen other Australian women founded the organization, Sexual Violence Won’t Be Silenced, on August 25, 2015. The association seeks to raise awareness of cyber-bullying and online sexual violence. The founders also launched a petition to the Australian government, requesting that they better train and educate law enforcement officers on how to prevent and punish violent harassment on social media.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://mic.com/articles/124646/olivia-melville-was-slut-shamed-and-received-rape-threats-for-quoting-drake-on-her-tinder-profile#.I0vMKyLgT|title=A Woman Was Slut-Shamed and Received Rape Threats for Quoting Drake on Her Tinder Profile|author=Mic|work=Mic}}</ref>

==Among gay men==
Gay men have traditionally been relatively tolerant of promiscuity. However, this changed considerably with the [[AIDS]] epidemic of the 1980s. [[Condom]] use as a [[safe sex]] practice became prominent in the late 1980s as a result of the [[AIDS epidemic]],<ref name="Who">{{cite web| title = Global strategy for the prevention and control of sexually transmitted infections: 2006–2015. Breaking the chain of transmission| publisher = [[World Health Organization]]|year = 2007| accessdate=26 November 2011|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2007/9789241563475_eng.pdf}}</ref> though the availability of [[antibiotics]] and [[antiretroviral]] drugs in [[advanced economies]] has led to [[condom fatigue]] among [[men who have sex with men]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://aids.about.com/od/womenandhiv/a/Why-People-Dont-Use-Condoms-and-That-Includes-Women.htm|title=The (Real) Reasons Why People Don't Use Condoms|author1=Dennis Sifris |author2=MD and James Myhre |work=About.com Health}}</ref>

The drug [[Tenofovir/emtricitabine|Truvada]] has been approved for [[pre-exposure prophylaxis]] for [[prevention of HIV/AIDS]] in some countries, after studies demonstrated it can lower the risk of new HIV infections.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preexposure Chemoprophylaxis for HIV Prevention in Men Who Have Sex with Men | pmc=3079639 | pmid=21091279 | doi=10.1056/NEJMoa1011205 | volume=363 | date=December 2010 | journal=N. Engl. J. Med. | pages=2587–99 | last1 = Grant | first1 = RM | last2 = Lama | first2 = JR | last3 = Anderson | first3 = PL | display-authors = 3 | last4 = et al}}</ref><ref>US Public Health Service [5 October 2014]; Preexposure Prophylaxis for the Prevention of HIV Infection in the United States - 2014 Clinical Practice Guideline https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/pdf/PrEPguidelines2014.pdf</ref> A number of HIV researchers like [[Anthony S. Fauci]] have been positive about the drug,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.npr.org/2010/11/24/131569907/dr-fauci-optimisitic-about-hiv-drug-truvada|title=Dr. Fauci Optimisitic About HIV Drug Truvada|date=24 November 2010|work=NPR.org}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://time.com/4114402/aids-hiv-drug-prep/|title=PrEP Truvada: AIDS Drug Prevents HIV Infections, Study Finds|author=Alice Park|work=TIME.com}}</ref> the [[AIDS Healthcare Foundation]] has written to the [[Centers for Disease Control and Prevention|CDC]] expressing concern that Truvada promotion would harm [[safer sex]] messaging that encourages condom use.<ref>{{cite journal|title=Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis to Prevent HIV Infection: Current Status, Future Opportunities and Challenges | pmc=4354703 | pmid=25673022 | doi=10.1007/s40265-015-0355-4 | volume=75 | year=2015 | journal=Drugs | pages=243–51 | last1 = Krakower | first1 = DS | last2 = Mayer | first2 = KH}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2015/12/truvada-hiv-prep-stigma/418119/|title=The Danger in Comparing the HIV-Prevention Pill to Condoms|author=John Byrne|work=The Atlantic}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url= http://reason.com/archives/2014/05/08/truvada-chill-pill-or-party-drug |title=Truvada: Chill Pill or Party Drug? |first=Scott |last=Shackford |work=reason.com |date=8 May 2014 |accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://dish.andrewsullivan.com/2014/04/09/why-arent-gay-men-on-the-pill/|title=Why Aren’t Gay Men On The Pill? « The Dish|work=The Dish}}</ref><ref>{{cite av media|url=https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wsEgg6EOpNM|title=Stopping HIV? The Truvada Revolution (Full Length)|date=26 June 2015|work=YouTube}}</ref> The phrase "Truvada whore" has been used in the media<ref>{{cite journal|title=How Stigma Surrounding the Use of HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis Undermines Prevention and Pleasure: A Call to Destigmatize "Truvada Whores" | pmc=4566537 | pmid=26270298 | doi=10.2105/AJPH.2015.302816 | volume=105 | journal=Am J Public Health | pages=1960-4 | last1 = Calabrese | first1 = SK | last2 = Underhill | first2 = K}}</ref> and some openly gay men are afraid to disclose that they use Truvada,<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.out.com/news-opinion/2013/09/09/hiv-prevention-new-condom-truvada-pill-prep|title=The pill Truvada can prevent HIV: So why are so few gay men taking it?|publisher=}}</ref> while take up rates have been lower than expected. Some reports indicate that gay men who use Truvada to lower their risk of contracting HIV are shamed for doing so, based on perceptions that Truvada users are more promiscuous.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/18/truvada-mircle-pill-prevent-hiv-controversy|title=Truvada has been called the 'miracle' HIV pill – so why is uptake so slow?|author=Amanda Holpuch|work=the Guardian}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/good-weekend/truvada--the-other-little-blue-pill-20141128-11l1od.html|title=Truvada – the other little blue pill|work=The Sydney Morning Herald}}</ref>

Some gay rights activists have said that environments which have slut-shaming are more likely to lead to gay men engaging in practices which lead to increased rates of HIV infection.<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www.advocate.com/commentary/2014/09/08/op-ed-slut-shaming-cause-hiv |title=Op-ed: Slut-Shaming Is a Cause of HIV |first=Hussain |last=Turk |work=[[The Advocate]] |date=8 September 2014 |accessdate=15 December 2014}}</ref>


==See also==
*[[Madonna–whore complex]]
*[[Post-assault treatment of sexual assault victims]]
*[[Sexual bullying]]
*[[Victim blaming]]
*[[Honor killing]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

[[Category:Bullying]]
[[Category:Feminism and sexuality]]
[[Category:Feminist terminology]]
[[Category:Feminist theory]]
[[Category:Misogyny]]
[[Category:Sexuality and society]]
[[Category:Misogynistic slurs]]

Slutshaming

2017-10-22T16:05:02Z

Theinstantmatrix: .

Slutshaming

2017-10-22T16:04:18Z

Theinstantmatrix: .

Slutshaming

2017-10-22T16:04:01Z

Theinstantmatrix: .

Slutshaming

2017-10-22T16:03:37Z

Theinstantmatrix: .

Slutshaming

2017-10-22T16:02:48Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by Darkburzum (talk) to last version by ClueBot NG

Cuphead

2017-10-07T00:30:35Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted good faith edits by 45.58.91.246 (talk): Already mentioned in the development section. also, wrong place to place this in.

{{Use American English|date=August 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=June 2017}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Cuphead
| image = Cuphead Logo small.png
| developer = StudioMDHR Entertainment
| publisher = StudioMDHR Entertainment
| director = {{ubl|Chad Moldenhauer|Jared Moldenhauer}}
| producer = {{ubl|Marija Moldenhauer|Ryan Moldenhauer}}
| artist = Chad Moldenhauer<ref name="MDHR: Team"/>
| designer = Jared Moldenhauer<ref name="MDHR: Team"/>
| programmer = {{ubl|Eric Billingsley|Kezia Adamo|Tony Coculuzzi|Thomas Pryde}}
| writer = Evan Skolink
| composer = Kristofer Maddigan
| engine = [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]]
| platforms = [[Microsoft Windows]] [[Xbox One]]
| released = {{vgrelease|WW|September 29, 2017}}
| genre = [[Run and gun (video game)|Run and gun]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
}}

'''''Cuphead''''' is a [[Run and gun (video game)|run and gun]] [[indie video game]] developed and published by StudioMDHR Entertainment. As the titular character Cuphead, the player fights a series of [[Boss (video gaming)|bosses]] in order to repay a debt to the devil. The game was heavily inspired by the [[Rubber hose animation|works of 1930s cartoonists]] such as [[Max Fleischer]]'s [[Fleischer Studios]], and sought to keep the works' subversive and surrealist qualities. ''Cuphead'' was released on [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[Xbox One]] on September 29, 2017.
== Gameplay ==
[[File:Cuphead Xbox One gameplay screenshot.png|thumb|left|256px|In-game screenshot of ''Cuphead'', showing the player and a [[Cooperative gameplay|co-op]] partner battling Captain Brineybeard, one of the game's [[Boss (video gaming)|bosses]]]]

''Cuphead'' is a [[Run and gun (video gaming)|run and gun]] game, features a branching level sequence<ref name="Joystiq: inspired"/> and is based around continuous [[boss fight]]s.<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy"/> Cuphead has [[infinite lives]] and keeps weapons between deaths.<ref name="Joystiq: inspired"/> Cuphead has a parry ability and parrying various color coded objects will fill up a special meter that will enable Cuphead to perform a special move.<ref name=Wirede3>{{cite web|last1=Kohler|first1=Chris|title=This Is the Most Adorable, Brutally Difficult Game at E3|url=https://www.wired.com/2015/06/cuphead-e3-2015/|website=Wired|accessdate=June 17, 2015}}</ref> The [[Level (video gaming)|levels]] are accessible through an [[action role-playing game]]-style [[overworld]] with its own secret areas.<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy"/> The game has a two-player [[Cooperative gameplay|cooperative]] mode that adds another human player to the single-player stages playing as Mugman.<ref name="Polygon: watch"/>

== Synopsis ==
On the fictional Inkwell Isle, Cuphead and his brother Mugman are two fun-loving kids who live under the watchful eye of Elder Kettle. Against the elder's warnings, the brothers wander into the Devil's Casino run by King Dice. When the brothers go on a winning streak, King Dice calls upon the Devil who raises the stakes. Cuphead rolls [[Snake eyes|snake eyes]] and he and Mugman must give up their souls. The Devil makes a deal with them: collect the contracts of the other inhabitants of Inkwell Isle who have lost their souls and he might let the brothers off the hook. They visit Kettle who gives them a potion that allows them to fire blasts from their fingers.

The brothers travel around Inkwell Isle earning contracts from residents who have lost their souls to King Dice and the Devil. Eventually, they make it back to the Casino where King Dice reveals that he too lost a bet, presumably about whether or not Cuphead and Mugman would be able to retrieve the contracts, and fights the two only to lose. The Devil then asks for the contracts and in return they will "join his team". At this point the player can choose whether to hand the contracts over or not. If they say yes, the Devil turns Cuphead and Mugman into his sinister lackeys and the game ends. If they say no, the Devil then battles the brothers.

After a ridiculous and over-the-top battle, Cuphead and Mugman come out victorious with the Devil begrudgingly promising to let them go. The brothers toss the soul contracts in the furnace and race home. They tell the residents that they are no longer under control of the Devil and they all cheer the brothers for their heroic deed.

== Development ==
''Cuphead'' is the first game by StudioMDHR Entertainment, an [[indie game development]] studio consisting of brothers Chad and Jared Moldenhauer.<ref name="Joystiq: inspired"/> Additional animation work was contributed by Jake Clark. Its development began in 2010, and they worked on the game from their respective homes in [[Toronto]], [[Ontario]] and [[Saskatchewan]].<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy"/> The game was inspired by cartoons produced by [[Fleischer Studios]], [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Disney]], and cartoonists [[Ub Iwerks]], [[Grim Natwick]], and [[Willard Bowsky]],<ref name="Joystiq: inspired"/> particularly their most "subversive and surrealist" elements.<ref name="Kill Screen: come from"/> Chad Moldenhauer called Fleischer Studios "the [[magnetic north]] of his art style".<ref name="Kill Screen: come from"/>

The Moldenhauers watched '30s cartoons in their youth, which Chad Moldenhauer describes as happenstance, based on gifts and [[VHS]] compilations. Among other siblings in their [[Regina, Saskatchewan]] childhood home, the two shared [[aesthetic taste]] and interest in gameplay. They attempted a game in the style of ''Cuphead'' in 2000, but lacked the tools to continue. The brothers decided to try again following the success of indie video game ''[[Super Meat Boy]]'', developed by Team Meat, in 2010. The character that became Cuphead descended from a 1936 Japanese propaganda animated film where a man with a teacup for a head morphs into a tank. The Moldenhauers emulated the animation because they found it strange, and "right away it stuck".<ref name="Kill Screen: come from"/> The brothers had previously tried a [[kappa (folklore)|kappa]] in a [[tophat]], characters with a plate or fork for a head, and about 150 different designs.<ref name="Kill Screen: come from"/>

The animation techniques behind ''Cuphead'' are similar to that of the 1930s cartoons.<ref name="Kill Screen: come from" /> Chad Moldenhauer, who had previously worked in graphic design, would hand-draw the animations and paint the backgrounds. He colorized the characters in [[Photoshop]]. The gameplay frame-rate of ''Cuphead'' features 60FPS, in contrast with 1930s cartoons' 24FPS.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.windowscentral.com/check-out-how-cuphead-team-makes-its-cool-looking-2d-animations |title=Check out how the Cuphead team brings its animations to life |website=Windows Central |publisher=Windows Central |accessdate=April 13, 2016 |date=April 13, 2016 |first=John |last=Callaham}}</ref> Chad Moldenhauer also saw his process with its human imperfections as a reaction to the perfectionism of [[pixel art]].{{vague|date=October 2017}} Jared Moldenhauer worked on other aspects of the game, though they would discuss gameplay design together. Their studio hired a Romanian developer, a Brooklyn animator, and an Ontario jazz musician for the project. They sought to keep the recording processes of the time period as if the team were developing in that era.<ref name="Kill Screen: come from" />

The Moldenhauers described ''Cuphead'' as having a difficult, "retro game" core for its emphasis on gameplay over plot.<ref name="Joystiq: inspired"/> ''Kill Screen'' described the developers as "obsessed" with run and gun fundamentals of "animations and exploits and [[hitbox]]es".<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy"/> Over the development process, they have made multiple revisions to many gameplay elements, including how gameplay actions feel at the edges of platforms and how long players are disabled after receiving damage.<ref name="Kill Screen: come from"/> They planned multiple [[difficulty levels]], and chose to abandon a typical [[damsel in distress]] plot for one where Cuphead perpetually creates trouble for himself.<ref name="Joystiq: inspired"/> The developers planned to surpass the [[Guinness World Record]] for number of boss battles in a run and gun game by having over 30 to the record's 25.<ref name="Polygon: watch"/>

Though the game was shown during the Xbox press event of [[Electronic Entertainment Expo]] 2014 to audience approval, ''Cuphead'' was not available to play. The game's art was estimated to be 40 percent complete as of July 2014. ''Cuphead'' is expected to be extended via [[expansion pack]]s<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy"/> with 10 to 15 bosses each,<ref name="Polygon: watch"/> similar to how ''[[Sonic & Knuckles]]'' added atop the ''Sonic'' series formula.<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy"/> ''Cuphead'' was released on September 29, 2017 for [[Microsoft Windows]] and [[Xbox One]], with potential later releases for [[macOS]] and [[Linux]]. ''Cuphead'' is an Xbox console exclusive, and supports [[Xbox Play Anywhere]].<ref>{{Cite web |last1=Hall |first1=Charlie |title=Cuphead wont be coming to PlayStation 4 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=2017-07-04 |url=https://www.polygon.com/2017/7/4/15919210/cuphead-ps4-version |accessdate=2017-07-04 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The game was developed with the [[Unity (game engine)|Unity]] game engine.<ref name="Engadget: century"/><ref name="IGN: delayed"/>

== Reception ==
{{Video game reviews
| MC = (PC) 88/100<ref name="MCPC">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/cuphead |title=Cuphead for PC Reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=October 2, 2017}}</ref> (XONE) 86/100<ref name="MCXONE">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-one/cuphead |title=Cuphead for Xbox One Reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref>
| Destruct = 9.5/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Makendonski |first=Brett |date=September 29, 2017 |url=https://www.destructoid.com/review-cuphead-463873.phtml |title=Review: Cuphead |publisher=[[Destructoid]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref>
| EGM = 9.5/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Carsillo |first=Ray |date=October 4, 2017 |url=http://www.egmnow.com/articles/reviews/cuphead-review/ |title=Cuphead review |publisher=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |accessdate=October 4, 2017}}</ref>
| GSpot = 8/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Brown |first=Peter |date=September 29, 2017 |url=https://www.gamespot.com/reviews/cuphead-review/1900-6416777/ |title=Cuphead Review |publisher=[[GameSpot]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref>
| GRadar = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Sullivan |first=Lucas |date=September 29, 2017 |url=http://www.gamesradar.com/cuphead-review/ |title=Cuphead review: 'Stands tall among the best 2D shooters of all time' |publisher=[[GamesRadar]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref>
| Poly = 8.5/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Plante |first=Chris |date=September 29, 2017 |url=https://www.polygon.com/2017/9/29/16381614/cuphead-review-xbox-one-windows-pc |title=Cuphead review |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |accessdate=September 29, 2017}}</ref>
| IGN = 8.8/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Skrebels |first=Joe |date=October 2, 2017 |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2017/10/02/cuphead-review |title=Cuphead review |publisher=[[IGN]] |accessdate=October 2, 2017}}</ref>
| VG = 8/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Ahern |first=Colm |date=October 2, 2017 |url=https://www.videogamer.com/reviews/cuphead-review |title=Cuphead review |publisher=[[VideoGamer.com]] |accessdate=October 2, 2017}}</ref>
}}

===Pre-release===
[[Ben Kuchera]] of ''[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]'' wrote that ''Cuphead'' was one of the five most interesting reveals at Microsoft's E3 2014 press conference, even though he knew little about the game apart from its aesthetic. He said it "stood out immediately" and that everyone in the website's press room viscerally reacted to the trailer.<ref name="Polygon: five"/> ''Cuphead'' won the ''[[IGN]]'' Best Xbox One game at E3 award in 2015.<ref name="IGN: E3 award"/>

===Post-release===
''Cuphead'' received "generally positive" reviews, according to [[review aggregator]] [[Metacritic]].<ref name="MCPC"/><ref name="MCXONE"/>

{{clear}}

== References ==
{{Reflist|30em|refs=
<ref name="Engadget: century">{{cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2014/07/10/cuphead-interview/ |title=Cuphead: Bringing 1930s style to 21st century games |last=Gilbert |first=Ben |work=[[Engadget]] |publisher=[[AOL Tech]] |date=July 10, 2014 |accessdate=July 3, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6Zjt8pIIb?url=http://www.engadget.com/2014/07/10/cuphead-interview/ |archivedate=July 3, 2015 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="IGN: E3 award">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/16/igns-best-of-e3-2015-awards |title=IGN's Best of E3 2015 Awards |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=June 16, 2015 |accessdate=July 2, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZiqVtU8e?url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2015/06/16/igns-best-of-e3-2015-awards |archivedate=July 2, 2015 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="IGN: delayed">{{cite web|url=http://ign.com/articles/2016/10/11/cuphead-delayed-to-2017 |title=Cuphead Delayed to 2017 |last=Dornbush |first=Jonathon |work=[[IGN]] |publisher=[[Ziff Davis]] |date=October 11, 2016 |accessdate=October 12, 2016 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6lBhCL5KQ?url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/10/11/cuphead-delayed-to-2017 |archivedate=October 11, 2016 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="Joystiq: inspired">{{cite web|url=http://www.joystiq.com/2014/01/04/1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc/ |accessdate=August 2, 2014 |title=1930s cartoon-inspired Cuphead targeting late 2014 on PC |last=Suszek |first=Mike |date=January 4, 2014 |work=[[Joystiq]] |publisher=[[AOL Tech]] |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140808064308/http://www.joystiq.com/2014/01/04/1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc/?ncid=rss_truncated |archivedate=August 8, 2014 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="Kill Screen: come from">{{cite web|url=http://killscreendaily.com/articles/where-did-cuphead-come/ |accessdate=August 2, 2014 |title=Where Did Cuphead Come From? |last=Purdom |first=Clayton |date=July 14, 2014 |work=Kill Screen |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RWo1L6fT?url=http://killscreendaily.com/articles/where-did-cuphead-come/ |archivedate=August 2, 2014 |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="Kill Screen: trilogy">{{cite web|url=http://killscreendaily.com/articles/cuphead-roughly-40-done-hey-its-gonna-be-trilogy/ |accessdate=August 2, 2014 |title=Cuphead is roughly 40% done, but hey, it’s gonna be a trilogy |last=Purdom |first=Clayton |date=July 3, 2014 |work=Kill Screen |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RWmChn2h?url=http://killscreendaily.com/articles/cuphead-roughly-40-done-hey-its-gonna-be-trilogy/ |archivedate=August 2, 2014 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="MDHR: Team">{{cite web|url=http://studiomdhr.com/cuphead-team/ |title=Cuphead Team |publisher=StudioMDHR Entertainment |accessdate=July 5, 2015 |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6ZnN8IBNm?url=http://studiomdhr.com/cuphead-team/ |archivedate=July 5, 2015 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: five">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/e3-2014/2014/6/9/5794052/five-of-the-most-interesting-reveals-of-the-xbox-press-conference |accessdate=August 2, 2014 |title=Five of the most interesting reveals of the Xbox press conference |last1=Kuchera |first1=Ben |authorlink=Ben Kuchera |date=June 9, 2014 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RWuRYo0i?url=http://www.polygon.com/e3-2014/2014/6/9/5794052/five-of-the-most-interesting-reveals-of-the-xbox-press-conference |archivedate=August 2, 2014 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: watch">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/6/9/5794640/cuphead-is-a-game-watch-it-view-it |accessdate=August 2, 2014 |title=Cuphead is a game. Watch it, view it |last=Pitcher |first=Jenna |date=June 9, 2014 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |publisher=[[Vox Media]] |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6RWvF9qkz?url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/6/9/5794640/cuphead-is-a-game-watch-it-view-it |archivedate=August 2, 2014 |deadurl=no |df=mdy }}</ref>
}}

== External links ==
* {{Official website|http://cupheadgame.com/}}

{{Portal bar|Canada|Video games|border=yes}}

[[Category:2017 video games]]
[[Category:Cooperative video games]]
[[Category:Fictional characters who have made pacts with devils]]
[[Category:Indie video games]]
[[Category:Multiplayer and single-player video games]]
[[Category:Run and gun games]]
[[Category:Video games with alternate endings]]
[[Category:Unity (game engine) games]]
[[Category:Video games developed in Canada]]
[[Category:Video games featuring anthropomorphic characters]]
[[Category:Windows games]]
[[Category:Xbox One games]]
[[Category:Xbox Play Anywhere games]]

Cuphead

2017-10-06T11:53:21Z

Theinstantmatrix: /* Development */ "The frame-rate of gameplay" → "The gameplay frame-rate"

Slutshaming

2017-10-02T22:07:07Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 150.209.37.159 (talk) to last version by Nightscream

Vox (Website)

2017-09-29T02:10:54Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted edits by 2600:100C:B003:14D2:D75F:D1D3:8A7:E68E (talk) to last version by Adrian J. Hunter

{{redirect|Vox.com|the former blogging platform|Vox (blogging platform)}}
{{Use American English|date=December 2014}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=May 2017}}
{{Infobox website
| name = ''Vox''
| logo = Vox logo.svg
| logo_size = 200px
| screenshot =File:Vox homepage.PNG
| collapsible = yes
| caption =
| url = {{URL|www.vox.com}}
| commercial = Yes
| type = News and opinion website
| registration = Optional
| language = English
| num_users =
| content_license =
| programming language =
| owner = [[Vox Media]]
| editor-in-chief = [[Ezra Klein]]<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.vox.com/authors/ezra-klein |title=Ezra Klein Editor-in-Chief |author= |date= |website=vox.com |publisher= |access-date=January 30, 2017 |quote=}}</ref>
| launch_date = {{Start date and age|2014|04|06|df=no}}
| alexa = {{Gain}} 1,300 ({{as of|2017|05|lc=y}})<ref name="alexa">{{cite web|url= http://www.alexa.com/siteinfo/vox.com |title= Vox.com Site Overview | website= [[Alexa Internet]] |accessdate=May 4, 2017 }}</ref>
| current_status = Active
| Motto = Explain The News
}}

'''Vox''' is an American news and opinion website owned by [[Vox Media]]. The website was founded in 2014 by Melissa Bell and [[Ezra Klein]]. Vox is noted for its concept of explanatory journalism and its use of "card stacks" that define terms and provide context within an article. The website is generally considered to have a [[Liberalism in the United States|politically liberal]] perspective.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://thehill.com/policy/healthcare/312570-obama-pence-in-obamacare-showdown|title=Obama, Pence in ObamaCare showdown|last=Swanson|first=Ian|date=January 4, 2017|work=TheHill|access-date=April 3, 2017}}</ref>

== History ==
[[Ezra Klein]] left ''[[The Washington Post]]'' in January 2014 for a position with [[Vox Media]], the publishers of the sports website ''[[SB Nation]]'', technology website ''[[The Verge]]'', and video gaming website ''[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]''.<ref name="NYT: joining Vox"/> ''[[The New York Times]]'' described Vox Media as "a technology company that produces media" rather than its inverse, associated with "Old Media".<ref name="NYT: joining Vox"/> Klein expected to "improve the technology of news" and build an online platform better equipped for making news understandable.<ref name="NYT: joining Vox"/> The new site's 20-person staff was chosen for their expertise in topic areas and included ''[[Slate (magazine)|Slate]]''{{'s}} [[Matthew Yglesias]], Melissa Bell, and Klein's colleagues from ''The Washington Post''.<ref name="NYT: joining Vox"/><ref name="CJR">[http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/voxcom_is_going_to_be_a_great_test_ezra_klein_critique_journalism.php Vox.com is going to be a great test of Ezra Klein’s critique of journalism], ''[[Columbia Journalism Review]]'' (April 7, 2014).</ref>

''Vox'' launched in early April 2014 with Klein as its editor-in-chief. His opening [[editorial]] essay, "How politics makes us stupid", explained his distress about political polarization in the context of [[Yale Law School]] professor [[Dan Kahan]]'s theories on how people protect themselves from information that conflicts with their core beliefs.<ref name=":4">{{Cite news|url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2014/04/journalism-and-democracy|title=Ezra Klein's strangled Vox|date=April 11, 2014|newspaper=The Economist|issn=0013-0613|access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref>

In June 2016, Vox suspended contributor [[Emmett Rensin]] for a series of tweets calling for anti-Trump [[riots]], including one on June 3, 2016 that urged, "If Trump comes to your town, start a riot." The tweets drew attention after violent [[Protests of the Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016|anti-Trump protests]] took place in [[San Jose, California]] on the day of Rensin's tweet.<ref name="ByersSuspended">{{cite news|url=http://money.cnn.com/2016/06/03/media/vox-editor-suspended-trump-riots/index.html|title=Vox suspends editor for encouraging riots at Donald Trump rallies|date=June 3, 2016|publisher=CNN|last1=Byers|first1=Dylan|accessdate=June 3, 2016}}</ref><ref name="CalledForRiots">{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/politics/la-na-trailguide-vox-suspends-editor-1464984232-htmlstory.html|title=Vox suspends editor who called for anti-Trump riots|date=June 3, 2016|publisher=Los Angeles Times|last1=Halper|first1=Evan|accessdate=June 3, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=https://twitter.com/emmettrensin/status/738583628855156742|title=Advice: If Trump comes to your town, start a riot.|date=June 2, 2016|type=[[Twitter]] post|accessdate=June 2, 2016|author=Emmett Rensin [emmettrensin]}}</ref><ref name="Wemple">{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/erik-wemple/wp/2016/06/03/what-will-a-suspension-do-for-a-vox-editor-who-urged-anti-trump-riots/|title=What will a suspension do for a Vox editor who urged anti-Trump riots?|date=June 3, 2016|publisher=Washington Post|last1=Wemple|first1=Eric|accessdate=June 5, 2016}}</ref> [[Elizabeth Plank]] was hired in 2016 as a political correspondent.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/vox-snags-mics-elizabeth-plank-871624 |title=Vox Snags Mic's Elizabeth Plank for Election Coverage |work=[[The Hollywood Reporter]] |date=2016-03-01 |accessdate=2017-06-24 }}</ref>

== Content ==
In order to reuse work from authors prior to the relaunch in 2014, ''Vox'' creates "card stacks" in bright "canary yellow" that provide context and define terms within an article. The cards are perpetually maintained as a form of "wiki page written by one person with a little attitude".<ref name="NYT: melding"/> As an example, a card about the term "insurance exchange" may be reused on stories about the [[Affordable Care Act]].<ref name="NYT: melding"/>

The site uses Vox Media's Chorus [[content management system]], which enables journalists to easily create articles with complex visual effects and transitions, such as photos that change as the reader scrolls.<ref name="NYT: melding"/> Vox Media's properties target educated households with six-figure incomes and a head of house less than 35 years old.<ref name="NYT: melding"/>

== YouTube ==
Vox has a YouTube channel by the same name where they have regularly posted videos on news and informational subjects since 2014. These videos are accompanied by an article on their website. The themes covered in the videos are usually similar to the themes covered in the regular, written articles on the website.{{cn|date=September 2017}}

The channel has over 2.6 million subscribers and over 548 million views as of July 2017.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.youtube.com/user/voxdotcom/about|title=Vox Channel About Page|last=|first=|date=|website=|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}</ref>

Content surrounds both current affairs, timeline of certain events, and interesting facts.

== Reception ==
In March 2014, before it had officially launched, Vox was criticized by [[Conservatism in the United States|conservative]] media commentators, including [[Erick Erickson]], for a video it published.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2014/03/ezra-kleins-vox-is-already-being-labeled-left-wing-propaganda-by-conservatives/359709/|title=Ezra Klein's Vox Is Already Being Labeled 'Left-Wing Propaganda' by Conservatives|last=Cosman|first=Ben|newspaper=The Atlantic|language=en-US|access-date=November 3, 2016}}</ref>

The website's launch received significant media attention.<ref name=":5">{{Cite news|url=http://www.dailydot.com/news/vox-explains-it-all/|title=How Vox is going to make its way to the top|date=April 7, 2014|newspaper=The Daily Dot|access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> Websites noted that the launch came around the same time as other data and explainer websites like [[FiveThirtyEight]] and the ''New York Times''{{'}} The Upshot.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/apr/22/upshot-vox-fivethirtyeight-data-journalism-golden-age|title=The Upshot, Vox and FiveThirtyEight: data journalism's golden age, or TMI?|date=April 22, 2014|newspaper=The Guardian|language=en-GB|issn=0261-3077|access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/04/07/klein-launches-vox/7420053/|title=Ezra Klein launches news site Vox.com|newspaper=USA TODAY|access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> Vox was described as using "[[Upworthy]]" style headlines to enhance shareability and to act as a "Wikipedia for ongoing news stories."<ref name=":5" />

Shortly after it launched, conservative writer [[David Harsanyi]] <nowiki/>criticized the site's concept of "explanatory journalism" in an article in ''[[The Federalist (website)|The Federalist]]'' titled "How Vox makes us stupid", arguing that the website selectively chose facts, and that "explanatory journalism" inherently leaves out opposing viewpoints and different perspectives.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://thefederalist.com/2014/04/08/how-vox-makes-us-stupid/|title=How Vox makes us stupid|last=Politics|access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> Pascal-Emmanuel Gobry at ''[[The Week]]'' argued that the website produced "partisan commentary in question-and-answer disguise" and criticized the site for having a "starting lineup [that] was mostly made up of ideological liberals."<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://theweek.com/articles/445880/vox-derp-intellectual-stagnation-left|title=Vox, derp, and the intellectual stagnation of the left|website=[[The Week]]|access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref> ''[[The Week]]''<nowiki/>'s Ryu Spaeth described the site's operations as, "It essentially takes the news (in other words, what is happening in the world at any given moment in time) and frames it in a way that appeals to its young, liberal audience."<ref name=":3">{{Cite news|author=Ryu Spaeth|url=http://theweek.com/articles/567586/gawker-meltdown-voxification-news-media|title=The Gawker meltdown and the Vox-ification of the news media|date=July 21, 2015|access-date=October 24, 2016}}</ref><nowiki/>

''[[The Economist]]'', commenting on Klein's launching essay "How politics makes us stupid," said the website was "bright and promising" and the premise behind the site was "profoundly honourable," and positively compared the site's mission to [[John Keats]]'s [[negative capability]].<ref name=":4" />

''[[The New York Times]]''{{'s}} [[David Carr (journalist)|David Carr]] associated Klein's exit for ''Vox'' with other "big-name journalists" leaving newspapers for digital start-ups, such as [[Walter Mossberg]] and [[Kara Swisher]] (''[[Re/code]]''), [[David Pogue]], and [[Nate Silver]].<ref name="NYT: joining Vox" />

In December 2014, the website [[Deadspin]] wrote a post listing each time Vox ran a correction for a factual error in an article.<ref>{{Cite news|url=http://theconcourse.deadspin.com/46-times-vox-totally-fucked-up-a-story-1673835447|title=46 Times Vox Totally Fucked Up A Story|last=Draper|first=Kevin|newspaper=The Concourse|language=en-US|access-date=November 4, 2016}}</ref> In ''[[The Washington Times]],'' journalist [[Christopher J. Harper]] criticized the site for numerous reporting mistakes.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2015/jan/7/christopher-harper-vox-news-website-needs-to-take-/?page=all|title=Vox news website needs to take serious look at how it ‘reinvents’ journalism|last=Harper|first=Christopher|date=January 7, 2015|website=The Washingtion Times|publisher=|access-date=March 17, 2016}}</ref>

In 2015, the [[Committee for Skeptical Inquiry]] presented Julia Belluz the Robert B. Balles Prize for Critical Thinking for her work on Vox. "We need more people in the media doing what Julia Bellux does ..."<ref name="Sept-Oct Issue">{{cite journal|last1=Fidalgo|first1=Paul|title=CSI's Balles Prize in Critical Thinking Awarded to Julia Belluz of Vox.com|journal=Skeptical Inquirer|date=2016|volume=40|issue=5|page=6}}</ref>

==Readership==
In June 2015, Vox had 54.1 million unique visitors, of which 41% were between the ages of 18 and 34, according to comScore Inc.<ref name="wsjvox">Alpert, Lukas I. [https://blogs.wsj.com/cmo/2015/08/12/comcast-invests-200-million-in-vox-media-valuing-digital-media-firm-at-1-billion/ Comcast Invests $200 Million in Vox Media]. ''The Wall Street Journal''. August 12, 2015. Accessed on 2016-06-26.</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|30em|refs=

<ref name="NYT: joining Vox">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/27/business/media/ezra-klein-joining-vox-media-as-web-journalism-asserts-itself.html |accessdate=December 26, 2014 |title=Ezra Klein Is Joining Vox Media as Web Journalism Asserts Itself |last1=Carr |first1=David |authorlink=David Carr (journalist) |date=January 26, 2014 |work=The New York Times |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6V7lOyGVm |archivedate=December 26, 2014 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="NYT: melding">{{cite web |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/07/business/media/voxcom-takes-melding-of-journalism-and-technology-to-next-level.html?_r=0 |accessdate=December 26, 2014 |title=Vox Takes Melding of Journalism and Technology to a New Level |last1=Kaufman |first1=Leslie |date=April 6, 2014 |work=The New York Times |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6V7lIdtpR |archivedate=December 26, 2014 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

}}

{{Vox Media}}
{{Portal bar|Education|History|United States|border=yes}}

[[Category:2014 establishments in the United States]]
[[Category:American news websites]]
[[Category:Internet properties established in 2014]]
[[Category:Vox Media]]
[[Category:Progressivism in the United States]]

Titanfall 2

2017-08-18T14:02:06Z

Theinstantmatrix: Reverted 1 edit by 66.244.123.107 (talk) to last revision by Oshwah.

{{Use American English|date=April 2015}}
{{Use mdy dates|date=November 2016}}
{{Infobox video game
| title = Titanfall 2
| image = Titanfall 2 box art.jpeg
| developer = [[Respawn Entertainment]]
| publisher = [[Electronic Arts]]
| director = Steve Fukuda
| producer = Drew McCoy
| designer = {{ubl|Todd Alderman |Mackey McCandlish}}
| programmer = Jon Shiring
| artist = Joel Emslie
| writer = {{ubl|Steve Fukuda |Manny Hagopian |Jesse Stern}}
| composer = [[Stephen Barton]]
| engine = [[Source (game engine)|Source]] 
| platforms = {{ubl|[[Microsoft Windows|Windows]]|[[PlayStation 4]]|[[Xbox One]]}}
| released = {{vgrelease|WW|{{start date|2016|10|28}}}}
| genre = [[First-person shooter]]
| modes = [[Single-player video game|Single-player]], [[Multiplayer video game|multiplayer]]
}}

'''''Titanfall 2''''' is a [[first-person shooter]] [[video game]] developed by [[Respawn Entertainment]] and published by [[Electronic Arts]]. It is the sequel to 2014's ''[[Titanfall]]'' and was released worldwide on October 28, 2016 for [[Microsoft Windows|Windows]], [[PlayStation 4]] and [[Xbox One]]. Its single-player campaign focuses on a Militia soldier, Jack Cooper, who aspires to pilot a Titan, a [[mecha]]-style exoskeleton, against the Interstellar Manufacturing Corporation and its mercenaries.

''Titanfall 2''<nowiki/>'s single-player campaign was praised for its design and execution,{{Vague|date=July 2017}} and the multiplayer modes for building upon the foundation of the original game, with several reviewers citing Bounty Hunt as the highlight. It received criticism for its writing and short length. Despite the positive reception, ''Titanfall 2'' underperformed commercially.

== Gameplay ==
Similar to its predecessor, ''Titanfall 2'' is a [[first-person shooter]] game in which players can control both a pilot and their Titans – mecha-style exoskeletons. The pilot has an arsenal of abilities which enhance their efficiency during combat. These abilities include [[cloaking device|cloaking]], [[zip-line|zip-lining]], and [[parkour]] – such as double-jumping and wall-running – with the aid of a jump kit.<ref name="PolyPre">{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/8/11/12439628/titanfall-2-single-player-campaign-revealed|title=Titanfall 2: First single-player campaign details|first=Michael|last=McWhertor|work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|date=August 11, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> These movements can be [[combo (gaming)|chained]] together in order to travel between locations quickly.<ref name="samediff">{{cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/titanfall_2/b/playstation4/archive/2016/06/20/whats-the-same-whats-different-in-titanfall-2-multiplayer.aspx|title=What's the Same, What's Different in Titanfall 2 Multiplayer|first=Matt|last=Bertz|work=[[Game Informer]]|date=June 20, 2016|accessdate=June 12, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.cnet.com/news/titanfall-2/|title=Titanfall 2's grappling hook is unreal (hands-on)|first=Sean|last=Hollister|work=[[CNet]]|date=June 12, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> The game introduces several new gameplay mechanics: a sliding mechanic, the pulse blade, which is a [[throwing knife]] that reveals the location of any nearby enemy, the holo-pilot, a holographic pilot that mimics players' action to confuse enemies, and a [[grappling hook]], which can be used to slingshot players to a building or an enemy it attaches to. The pilots have a large arsenal of gadgets and weapons, such as [[shotgun|shotguns]], [[submachine gun]]s, [[pistol]]s, and [[grenades]] to fight against enemies.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/best-titanfall-2-guns/|title=The best guns in Titanfall 2|first=James|last=Busby|work=[[PC Gamer]]|date=January 16, 2017|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> At close range, players can execute their opponents, and an execution animation, which shifts to a [[third-person perspective|third-person]] perspective, will play.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.vg247.com/2016/06/20/heres-four-minutes-of-titanfall-2-gameplay/|title=Here's four minutes of Titanfall 2 gameplay|first=Sherif|last=Saed|work=[[VG247]]|date=June 20, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref>

Titans are significantly slower than the pilots, but they have stronger firearms and are more powerful. The models from the first game were removed, and seven loadout-locked Titans are introduced: Ion, an Atlas-class Titan that uses a directed-energy arsenal. Scorch, an Ogre-class Titan that uses an area-denial incendiary weaponry. Northstar, a Stryder-class Titan that excels in long-range precision attacks, setting traps, and is the only Titan that has the ability to fly. Ronin, a Stryder-class Titan that specializes in close quarters combat, utilizing a shotgun and an enormous sword. Tone, an Atlas-class Titan that focuses on midrange combat with its target locking weapons. Legion, an Ogre-class Titan that utilizes a minigun designed for defense and controlling combat zones. Finally, Monarch (added post-release via DLC), a Vanguard-class chassis that can upgrade itself on the Fly. <ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.gamespot.com/gallery/titanfall-2-every-single-titan-and-what-they-do/2900-959/4/|title=Titanfall 2: Every Single Titan and What They Do|first=Matt|last=Espineli |work=[[GameSpot]]|date=October 28, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> The Titans have their own sets of move sets. For instance, they can quickly dodge to evade attacks.<ref name="tips"/>

===Single-player===
Unlike the first iteration, this game has a single-player story campaign.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/e3/2016/6/12/11913270/titanfall-2-interview-e3-2016|title=Titanfall 2 Brings Personality To Its Messive Mechs, And A Story For The Fans|first=Brian|last=Crecente|work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|date=June 12, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> It features a linear story, but levels are similar to open-ended arenas which offer players multiple paths to explore.<ref name="GSpotPre">{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/titanfall-2-single-player-campaign-revealed-shows-/1100-6442525/|title=Titanfall 2 Single-Player Campaign Revealed, Shows New Details|first=Mike|last=Mahardy|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=August 12, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> Players are allowed to use multiple ways to complete objectives, such as utilizing [[stealth game|stealth]], or using the long-ranged or short-ranged weapons provided in the game to assault enemies. Maps are sprawling, and there are multiple paths for players to choose from in order for them to reach their destination.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/09/29/titanfall-2-campaign-hands-on-preview-the-first-3-hours-are-intense|title=Titanfall 2 Campaign Hand-On Preview: The First 3 Hours Are Intense|first=Brian|last=Albert|work=[[IGN]]|date=September 29, 2016|accessdate=May 27, 2017}}</ref> In addition, the game features [[platform game|platform]] elements, which task players to make use of Cooper's parkour abilities to solve environmental puzzles, and access the previously inaccessible areas. Some weapons are level-specific, and can only be used in certain regions.<ref name="PolyPre"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/08/11/titanfall-2-single-player-campaign-is-surprising|title=Titanfall 2 Single Player Is Surprising|first=Brandin|last=Tyrrel|work=[[IGN]]|date=August 11, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> There are also level-specific gameplay mechanics. For instance, in the level "Effect and Cause", players are required to shift between modern times and the past with a temporal device in order to advance.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/let-s-talk-about-titanfall-2-s-best-mission-1788777731|title=
The Mission That Proved Titanfall 2 Was Something Special|first=Kirk|last=Hamilton|work=[[Kotaku]]|date=November 25, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> Players can also select dialogue options and talk to the Titan at certain points of the campaign.<ref name="EuroGPre">{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-08-11-you-can-talk-to-the-titans-in-titanfall-2s-campaign|title=You can talk to the Titans in Titanfall 2's campaign|first=Martin|last=Robinson|work=[[Eurogamer]]|date=August 11, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref>

===Multiplayer===
The multiplayer mode features a Titan meter, which fills up slowly when the player is playing the game. It fills up faster when the players kills an opponent, inflicts damages enemies, or completes certain objectives.<ref name="mashable"/><ref name="ignpre"/> When a certain percentage of the meter is filled up, the player can summon a Titan, which then descends from the sky.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://metro.co.uk/2016/06/20/titanfall-hands-on-preview-and-interview-its-very-different-to-anything-weve-done-in-the-past-5956319/|title=Titanfall 2 hands-on preview and interview – 'It's very different to anything we've done in the past'|work=[[Metro (magazine)|Metro]]|date=June 20, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> A Titan can crush opponents if it lands in top of it when summoned.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/06/13/e3-2016-titanfall-2-our-first-multiplayer-hands-on-is-fire|title=E3 2016: Titanfall 2: Our First Multiplayer Hand-On Is On Fire|first=Ryan|last=McCaffery|work=[[IGN]]|date=June 12, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> When the Titan meter is filled up completely, the Titan can use their core ability, which inflicts a lot more damage than typical attacks do.<ref name="tips"/> Players can rodeo an enemy's titan and steal its battery, which will cause damage to the Titan. If you rode the same titan again, the player will drop a grenade in the place where the battery was. The battery can also be taken and implemented on a friendly Titan, which will recharge its shield and fills up the Titan meter.<ref name="ignpre">{{cite web|url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/10/12/7-big-differences-between-titanfall-and-titanfall-2|title=7 Big Differences Between Titanfall and Titanfall 2|first=Miranda|last=Sanchez|work=[[IGN]]|date=October 12, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-10-21-be-advised-titanfall-2s-multiplayer-is-looking-amazing|title=Be advised: Titanfall 2's multiplayer runs much deeper than the original|first=Jon|last=Denton|work=[[Eurogamer]]|date=October 24, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> Players can disembark from their Titan at any time, and it will continue to attack nearby opponents under "follow mode", in which the Titan follows the pilot as closely as it can; alternatively they can set it to "guard mode", in which it will stay put.<ref name="tips">{{cite web|url=http://kotaku.com/tips-for-playing-titanfall-2-1788446358|title=Tips For Playing Titanfall 2|first=Heather|last=Alexandra|work=[[Kotaku]]|date=November 1, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>

Players earn "merits" based on their performance in a multiplayer match, regardless of whether their team wins or loses. Merits are [[experience (gaming)|experience points]], through participating in the match or getting access to unlocks. Players need to accumulate merits in order to level up, which further unlocks more weapons, abilities and more. There are also other ways to earn merits, such as through surviving the evacuation phase when the players' team lost in a match. In addition, players earn Credits, a form of currency used to buy weapons, boosts, Titans, or abilities before they are unlocked. They can be earned through earning merits and completing challenges.<ref name="mashable">{{cite web|url=http://mashable.com/2016/10/31/titanfall-2-pvp-multiplayer-tips-tricks-guide/#hCm.GjG_i8qw|title=10 'Titanfall 2' tips for those who struggle with multiplayer|first=Adam|last=Rosenberg|work=[[Mashable]]|date=November 1, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> Customization options is expanded significantly in the game when compared to its predecessor. Players' outfits and weapons, as well as Titans' appearances and combat efficiency, can be extensively customized.<ref name="ignpre"/><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.playstationlifestyle.net/2016/10/21/titanfall-2-titan-customization-blowout-full-list-of-pilot-boosts-executions/#/slide/39|title=Titanfall 2 – Full List of Pilot Boosts & Executions, Titan Customization Blowout|first=Alex|last=Co|work=PlayStation LifeStyle|date=October 21, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref> Boosts replace burn cards featured in the previous game. They are tactical abilities that enhance the players' combat efficiency. Each boost has their own specific access requirement. For instance, Ticks, which are explosive mines that track enemies, required 65% of the Titan meter filled, while Amped Weapons, in which players inflicts more damages with their firearms, required 80%. Players need to decide which boost they are going to use before a match begins, and they cannot swap their boost during the game.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gameinformer.com/b/features/archive/2016/10/28/12-tips-to-help-you-master-titanfall-2s-multiplayer.aspx|title=12 Tips To Help You Master Titanfall 2's Multiplayer|first=Javy|last= Gwaltney|work=[[Game Informer]]|date=October 30, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>

''Titanfall 2'' features a number of multiplayer modes at launch. These modes include:<ref name="tips"/>
* '''Amped Hardpoint''': In this mode, teams received points if they can hold control points for an extensive amount of time. The team which accumulates more points will wins
* '''Bounty Hunt''': Players are rewarded with money if they kill enemies opponents or [[artificial intelligence|AI]]-controlled grunts. Players need to return to specific points to deposit the money. Players can also steal opponents' money by killing them. The team that has the highest score wins.
* '''Pilot vs. Pilot''': A standard [[team deathmatch]] mode but players cannot summon any Titan.
* '''[[Capture the Flag]]''': Players are tasked to retrieve an enemy flag and bring it back to their team's own base while preventing opponents from stealing their own flag.
* '''Attrition''': A standard team deathmatch mode in which players can summon Titans. Points will be rewarded to a player's team when they kill a human-controlled enemy or an AI-controlled grunt. When a team gets enough points, the game will transition into another phase, in which the losing team needs to reach the evacuation zone and escape while the winning team needs to eliminate all opponents.
* '''Skirmish''': The mode is similar to Attrition, but there is no AI-controlled grunt and the scores needed for phase transitioning is lowered.
* '''Last Titan Standing''': A standard team deathmatch mode but players cannot eject from their titan.
* '''Free For All''': Players are tasked to kill each other in this mode. All other players will be marked as their opponents.
* '''Coliseum''': This is a one-versus-one multiplayer mode in which the player is tasked to eliminate the other player. Players can gain access to this mode through Coliseum tickets, which are earned through playing other multiplayer modes, buying them with credits or receiving them in gifts, granted when the player levels up a faction..<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamesradar.com/titanfall-2-has-a-1v1-me-bro-mode-brought-to-you-by-mtn-dew-and-doritos/|title=Titanfall 2 has a "1v1 me bro" mode brought to you by Mtn Dew and Doritos|first=Connor|last=Sheriden|work=[[GamesRadar]]|date=September 22, 2016|accessdate=May 28, 2017}}</ref>

Matchmaking is also enhanced, with the game automatically helping players to find a new match after the end of every match.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/how-titanfall-2s-matchmaking-is-being-improved/1100-6442487/|title=How Titanfall 2's Matchmaking Is Being Improved|first=Chris|last=Pereira |date=August 9, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016|work=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref> The game also introduces a new features called "Networks", which allows players to form a group, similar to a [[guild]]. The game automatically groups both the player and other members of the network together in a match. Players can join more than one network, and can switch between joined networks in-game.<ref name="CNET">{{cite web|url=https://www.cnet.com/news/titanfall-2-networks-interview-e3-2016/|title=Titanfall 2 may fix one of the biggest problems with team-based multiplayer games|first=Sean|last=Hollister|work=[[CNET]]|date=June 24, 2016|accessdate=August 12, 2016}}</ref> Each network has its own "happy hour". If the player plays the game during this period time, they will gain extra merits.<ref name="mashable"/>

==Synopsis==
===Setting===
The conflict of the game takes place in "The Frontier", a region of star systems far removed from the "Core Systems" where Earth is located. The Interstellar Manufacturing Corporation (IMC) and the Frontier Militia battle for control of the Frontier; the IMC seeks to exploit the Frontier's rich resources regardless of the consequences for planetary environments and civilian populations, while the Militia fight to expel the IMC and gain independence for the Frontier. In the wake of the [[Titanfall|Battle of Demeter]], the Militia is on the offensive; battling for resources and control of the Frontier planets. The IMC, though weakened by the lack of reinforcements from the core systems as a result of the destruction of the refueling facility by James MacAllan, are still a dominant fighting force attempting to drive the Militia out and put down any resistance to their control of the Frontier.

In the singleplayer campaign the player assumes control of Jack Cooper, a class three rifleman from the Frontier Militia, who is sent to the alien planet of Typhon and must ally with his former squadmate's Titan named BT-7274 to fight against both local alien creatures and human enemies from the IMC.<ref name="EuroGPre" />

=== Plot ===
Jack Cooper, a class three rifleman in the Militia, aspires to one day become a Titan Pilot for the Militia, and is receiving off-the-books training from Captain Tai Lastimosa in preparation for Cooper's candidacy. The two are part of a Militia force which attacks the IMC-held planet of Typhon. In the initial battle, the Apex Predators, a group of mercenaries contracted to the IMC and led by Blisk, mortally wound Lastimosa and incapacitate his Vanguard-class Titan, BT-7274. Lastimosa transfers control of BT to Cooper, and BT explains that Cooper has also inherited Lastimosa's mission, Special Operation 217: to rendezvous with Major Anderson and assist in the completion of their original assignment. Anderson's last known position is at an IMC laboratory. BT and Cooper are forced to take a detour through a manufacturing plant where they are ambushed and separated. Cooper fights through the factory alone until he is trapped in a combat simulation being run by the mercenary Ash, who is using captured Militia soldiers as test subjects to test the potency of IMC machine units. Cooper escapes, and after being reunited with BT, defeats Ash.

BT and Cooper continue on to the IMC laboratory only to find it destroyed, finding the corpses there artificially aged due to time-travel distortion. Anderson is present, though also deceased from a time-travel mishap. Cooper learns Anderson was gathering intelligence on a new IMC device, the 'Fold Weapon', which utilizes time-displacement technology to destroy entire planets. The planet Harmony, which houses the Militia headquarters, will be the first target. Fortunately for the Militia, the Fold Weapon is dependent upon a power source known as the Ark. Cooper and BT hijack an IMC communications array and broadcast a signal to the Militia fleet. The transmission contained sensor data on the Ark's electromagnetic signature so that the Militia could find and seize it.

After receiving the transmission, Militia's military unit, the Marauder Corps, leads an assault against the IMC-held installation where the Ark is being kept. Arriving too late to prevent it from being loaded onto an IMC transport, the Militia give chase in hijacked IMC ships. The mercenary Viper nearly kills BT and Cooper by throwing them off their transport, but freelance pilot Barker rescues them by catching them with his dropship. Cooper regroups with a friendly mercenary group called the Six Four, and the Pilots secure the IMC ship nearest to the Draconis, the transport carrying the Ark. Barker drops BT off with Cooper and they face off with Viper, who, after a short skirmish, falls out of the sky. BT and Cooper attempt to board the Draconis but are once again interrupted by Viper. In the battle, BT loses an arm, but Cooper kills Viper by shooting his exposed body after his titan's hatch is blown off.

Cooper and BT successfully get aboard the Draconis holding the Ark, and they quickly secure it before the ship crashes. BT becomes incapacitated from damage sustained in his fight with Viper, and the duo are captured by Blisk and his second-in-command, Slone. BT surrenders the Ark to save Cooper, but is destroyed by Slone for trying to help Cooper escape. However, BT gives Cooper his data core before he dies, and Cooper used this data core to revive BT by installing it in a Vanguard chassis provided by Briggs after he escapes captivity. Reunited, Cooper and BT fight their way to the base where the Fold Weapon is being prepared for use against Harmony. They kill Slone, earning Blisk's respect; Blisk spares Cooper because the IMC never included killing Cooper in their contract and he doesn't work for free. He offers Cooper a place in the Apex Predators before departing. BT and Cooper then launch themselves into the Fold Weapon's superstructure where the Ark has already been installed. BT hurls Cooper free before sacrificing himself by detonating his reactor core, destroying the Ark and the Fold Weapon, as well as the entire planet Typhon.

The game ends with a monologue from Cooper, talking about having his status as a pilot affirmed and being inducted into the Marauder Corps, as well as reminiscing over his experiences with BT. In a post-credits scene, the Titan neural link to Cooper's helmet flashes with the message "Jack?" encoded in binary, implying that BT's AI was preserved inside Cooper's helmet.

== Development ==
Reports about the sequel to [[Respawn Entertainment]]'s ''[[Titanfall]]'' began to circulate within weeks of the game's March 2014 release, particularly that the sequel would not be a [[Microsoft]] [[console exclusive]] as its predecessor had been<ref name="Polygon: sequel exclusivity"/><ref name="Polygon: could"/> and that [[Electronic Arts]] would serve again as publisher.<ref name="Polygon: in dev"/> The game was in planning as of June, and revealed by Respawn CEO Vince Zampella to be in development as of March 2015.<ref name="Polygon: could"/> A second team at Respawn was working on an unrelated project.<ref name="Polygon: in dev"/> Respawn explored the possibility of a companion science fiction television series.<ref name="Polygon: tv">{{Cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/2/7/10931336/titanfall-2-single-player-campaign-tv-series|title=Titanfall 2 writer confirms single-player campaign, suggests TV series in the works|last=Good|first=Owen S.|date=February 7, 2016|website=Polygon|language=en-US|access-date=June 2, 2016}}</ref> The game was released on October 28, 2016.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/5/10/11653142/titanfall-2-release-date-fall-2016|title=Titanfall 2 drops this fall|last=Sarkar|first=Samit|date=May 10, 2016|website=Polygon|language=en-US|access-date=June 2, 2016}}</ref><ref name="Eurogamer: FY17"/><ref name="Polygon: 2016"/><ref name="Polygon: SP trailer" /> A collector's edition at release featured a full-scale replica of the game's pilot character helmet as well as other gadgets.<ref name="Polygon: helmet">{{Cite web |last1=Alexander |first1=Julia |title=Titanfall 2 Vanguard Edition comes with full scale replica helmet for $250 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |date=June 13, 2016 |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/6/12/11915962/titanfall-2-vanguard-edition-price |accessdate=June 13, 2016 |df=mdy-all }}</ref> The first beta, which contained two modes and two maps, began on August 19 and ended on the 21st. It was followed by a second beta, which began on August 26 and ended on August 28.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/titanfall-2-beta-dates-and-details-confirmed/1100-6442675/?ftag=GSS-05-10aaa0b|title=Titanfall 2 Beta Dates and Details Confirmed|first=Chris|last= Pereira |date=August 16, 2016|accessdate=August 17, 2016|work=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref>

''Titanfall 2'' uses an improved version of the previous game's [[game engine|engine]], which was itself a heavily modified version of the [[Source (game engine)|Source engine]]. Improvements include a new audio system with support for sound occlusion and reverb, as well as numerous improvements to the graphical rendering system. Unlike the first game, it includes a full single-player story mode focusing on the relationship between Titans and pilots. The developers also confirmed that they were going to release all of the post-release maps and modes free of charge in an effort not to fragment the player base.<ref name="Source engine"/> A [[virtual reality]] version of the game was prototype but it never went into full production, because according to Joe Emslie, the player would "vomit all over their controller."<ref name="CNET"/>

== Reception ==
{{Video game reviews
| MC = (PC) 86/100<ref name="MCPC">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/pc/titanfall-2 |title=Titanfall 2 for PC Reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> (PS4) 89/100<ref name="MCPS4">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/playstation-4/titanfall-2 |title=Titanfall 2 for PlayStation 4 Reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref> (XONE) 87/100<ref name="MCXONE">{{cite web |url=http://www.metacritic.com/game/xbox-one/titanfall-2 |title=Titanfall 2 for Xbox One Reviews |publisher=[[Metacritic]] |accessdate=November 5, 2016}}</ref>
| Destruct = 8.5/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Rowen |first=Nic |date=November 1, 2016 |url=https://www.destructoid.com/review-titanfall-2-396814.phtml |title=Review: Titanfall 2 |publisher=[[Destructoid]] |accessdate=November 1, 2016}}</ref>
| EGM = 9/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Plessas |first=Nick |date=October 28, 2016 |url=http://www.egmnow.com/articles/reviews/titanfall-2-review/ |title=Titanfall 2 review |publisher=[[Electronic Gaming Monthly]] |accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref>
| GI = 9.5/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Gwaltney |first=Javy |date=October 24, 2016 |url=http://www.gameinformer.com/games/titanfall_2/b/playstation4/archive/2016/10/24/striking-a-fine-balance.aspx |title=Striking A Fine Balance - Titanfall 2 - PlayStation 4 |publisher=[[Game Informer]] |accessdate=October 24, 2016}}</ref>
| GameRev = {{Rating|4|5}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Paras |first=Peter |date=October 24, 2016 |url=http://www.gamerevolution.com/review/titanfall-2 |title=Titanfall 2 Review |publisher=[[Game Revolution]] |accessdate=October 24, 2016}}</ref>
| GSpot = 9/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Mahardy |first=Mike |date=October 24, 2016 |url=http://www.gamespot.com/reviews/titanfall-2-review/1900-6416561/ |title=Titanfall 2 Review |publisher=[[GameSpot]] |accessdate=October 24, 2016}}</ref>
| GRadar = {{Rating|4.5|5}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Houghton |first=David |date=October 24, 2016 |url=http://www.gamesradar.com/titanfall-2-review/ |title=Titanfall 2 review: 'The campaign's craft and creativity will blindside you' |publisher=[[GamesRadar]] |accessdate=October 24, 2016}}</ref>
| GB = {{Rating|5|5}}<ref>{{cite web |last=Gerstmann |first=Jeff |date=October 26, 2016 |url=http://www.giantbomb.com/reviews/titanfall-2-review/1900-756/ |title=Titanfall 2 Review |publisher=[[Giant Bomb]] |accessdate=October 26, 2016}}</ref>
| IGN = 9/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Tyrrel |first=Brandin |date=October 28, 2016 |url=http://www.ign.com/articles/2016/10/28/titanfall-2-review |title=Titanfall 2 Review |publisher=[[IGN]] |accessdate=October 28, 2016}}</ref>
| PCGUS = 91/100<ref>{{cite web |last=Thursten |first=Chris |date=October 31, 2016 |url=http://www.pcgamer.com/titanfall-2-review/ |title=Titanfall 2 review |publisher=[[PC Gamer]] |accessdate=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
| Poly = 7/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Gies |first=Arthur |date=October 24, 2016 |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/10/24/13377822/titanfall-2-review-xbox-one-PC-ps4-playstation-4 |title=Titanfall 2 review |publisher=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |accessdate=October 24, 2016}}</ref>
| VG = 9/10<ref>{{cite web |last=Scammell |first=David |date=October 31, 2016 |url=https://www.videogamer.com/reviews/titanfall-2-review-xbox-one-ps4 |title=Titanfall 2 Review |publisher=[[VideoGamer.com]] |accessdate=October 31, 2016}}</ref>
}}

{{Expand section|date=November 2016}}

''Titanfall 2'' received "generally favourable" reviews according to [[review aggregator]] [[Metacritic]].<ref>{{cite web |last=Pope |first=Travis |date=October 27, 2016 |url=http://www.gottabemobile.com/titanfall-2-midnight-release-details/ |title=Titanfall 2 Midnight Release Details |website=GottaBeMobile |accessdate=April 11, 2017}}</ref><ref name="MCPC"/><ref name="MCPS4"/><ref name="MCXONE"/> It was one of the most highly anticipated games that was featured in the 2016 E3 convention. According to IGN, it was one of the top 25 games that was set to be released that year. <ref name=":0" />

=== Sales ===
Electronic Arts expected the game to sell approximately 9 to 10 million units in its first year of release.<ref name=":0">{{cite web|url=http://www.videogamer.com/ps4/titanfall_2/news/titanfall_2_to_sell_9-10_million_units_battlefield_1_15_million_says_ea.html|title=Titanfall 2 to sell 9-10 million units, Battlefield 1 15 million, says EA|first=James|last=Orry|work=[[VideoGamer.com]]|date=August 3, 2016|accessdate=August 3, 2016}}</ref> However, financial analysts predicted that the game's sales would be substantially disappointing due to EA's decision of releasing the game in late October, a period between the launch of EA's own ''[[Battlefield 1]]'', and [[Activision]]'s ''[[Call of Duty: Infinite Warfare]]''. Despite that, EA expressed no concern about the release window, as they felt that the player base of ''Battlefield 1'' and ''Titanfall 2'' would not overlap.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/titanfall-2-sales-will-be-substantially-disappoint/1100-6444884/|title=Titanfall 2 Sales Will Be "Substantially Disappointing," Analyst Says|first=Eddie|last=Makuch|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=October 28, 2016|accessdate=November 3, 2016}}</ref>

EA partnered with several catering companies to promote the game. Players who purchased food or drink at any [[Buffalo Wild Wings]] restaurant would receive a free customization item and access to a new multiplayer mode. Similarly, players who purchased [[Pepsi]]'s [[Mountain Dew]] or [[Doritos]] would be given a code granting them double XP, early access to a new multiplayer mode, a Titan, and Titan customization items.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/how-to-get-titanfall-2-dlc-by-eating-and-drinking/1100-6442755/?ftag=GSS-05-10aaa0b|title=How to Get Titanfall 2 DLC by Eating and Drinking|first=Eddie|last=Makuch|work=[[GameSpot]]|date=August 17, 2016|accessdate=August 18, 2016}}</ref>

The game was the fourth best-selling retail game in the UK in its week of release, behind ''[[Battlefield 1]]'', ''[[The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim|The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim – Special Edition]]'', and ''[[FIFA 17]]''. Its first-week sales only reached a quarter of the launch-week sales of ''Titanfall'' despite ''Titanfall 2'' being a multi-platform release. Digital sales of the game were also down, only reaching a quarter of its predecessor's sales as well.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.pcgamer.com/titanfall-2-tanks-on-uk-physical-sales-charts-despite-multiplatform-release/|title=Titanfall 2 tanks on UK physical sales charts, despite multiplatform release|first=Andy|last=Chalk|work=[[PC Gamer]]|date=November 3, 2016|accessdate=November 3, 2016}}</ref> In their earnings call for the third quarter of the 2017 fiscal year, EA stated that the game's sales fell below expectations, stating "the out-performance versus our expectation was driven by ''Battlefield 1'' and ''FIFA 17'', offset by ''Titanfall 2'' and that "we sold more units than we expected to sell in Battlefield, and we sold less units than we expected in ''Titanfall''." However, EA CEO Blake Jorgensen went on to say that the company was pleased with the positive reviews the game received and expected it to have strong sales into the next fiscal year.<Ref>[http://files.shareholder.com/downloads/ERTS/4818588412x0x926062/D62107D7-CCA4-49A5-8D8D-87D0AFAE7A7E/EA_Transcript_Q317.pdf "Q3 2017 Electronic Arts Inc Earnings Call on January 31, 2017."]</ref>

=== Accolades ===
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Award !! Category !! Result !! Ref
|-
| rowspan="8" style="text-align:center;" | 2016
| rowspan="3" | [[Game Critics Awards]] 2016
| Best of Show
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="3" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamecriticsawards.com/nominees.html |title=Game Critics Awards 2016 Nominees |accessdate=October 25, 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamecriticsawards.com/winners.html |title=Game Critics Awards 2016 Winners |accessdate=October 25, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| Best Action Game
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Online Multiplayer
| {{won}}
|-
| rowspan="4" | [[The Game Awards 2016]]
| Game of the Year
| {{nom}}
| rowspan="4" style="text-align:center;" | <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.gamespot.com/articles/all-the-2016-game-awards-nominees/1100-6445481/ |title = All the 2016 Game Awards Nominees |first=Eddie| last=Makuch| date=November 16, 2016| accessdate=November 18, 2016| work=[[GameSpot]]}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/12/1/13784410/the-game-awards-winners|title = The Game Awards: Here’s the full winners list |first=Chelsea| last=Stark| date=December 1, 2016| accessdate=December 1, 2016| work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]]|publisher=[[Vox Media]]}}</ref>
|-
| Best Game Direction
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Multiplayer
| {{nom}}
|-
| Best Action Game
| {{nom}}
|-
| [[Giant Bomb]]'s 2016 Game of the Year Awards
| Best Game
| {{nom}}
| <ref>{{cite web |last=Staff |first=Giant Bomb |date=December 30, 2016 |url=http://www.giantbomb.com/articles/giant-bombs-2016-game-of-the-year-awards-day-five/1100-5525/ |title=Giant Bomb's 2016 Game of the Year Awards: Day Five |publisher=[[Giant Bomb]] |accessdate=December 30, 2016}}</ref>
|-
| 2017
| [[Annie Awards]]
| Outstanding Achievement, Character Animation in a Video Game
| {{nom}}
|}

== References ==

{{reflist|25em|refs=

<ref name="Eurogamer: FY17">{{cite web |url=http://www.eurogamer.net/articles/2016-01-28-new-titanfall-and-mass-effect-in-the-next-14-months |accessdate=January 28, 2016 |work=[[Eurogamer]] |title=New Titanfall game and Mass Effect: Andromeda coming in the next 14 months |last1=Matulef |first1=Jeffrey |date=January 28, 2016 |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6etJS0m7w |archivedate=January 28, 2016 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: 2016">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/5/5/8556881/titanfall-2-ea-release-window |accessdate=May 5, 2015 |title=Titanfall 2 not expected before April 2016, says EA |last=Sarkar |first=Samit |date=May 5, 2015 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6YJJABYep |archivedate=May 5, 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: could">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/4/3/8339483/titanfall-2-campaign-weapons |accessdate=April 3, 2015 |title=Titanfall 2 could have a traditional campaign and more weapons |last=Tach |first=Dave |date=April 3, 2015 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6XWY8gwLB |archivedate=April 3, 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: in dev">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2015/3/12/8201869/titanfall-2-ps4-xbox-one-pc-respawn-vince-zampella |accessdate=April 3, 2015 |title=Titanfall sequel in development, will be 'multiplatform,' Respawn CEO confirms |last=Sarkar |first=Samit |date=March 12, 2015 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6XWZgmO0v |archivedate=April 3, 2015 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: sequel exclusivity">{{cite web |url=http://www.polygon.com/2014/3/19/5526942/report-ea-lands-deal-for-titanfall-2-sequel-wont-be-microsoft |accessdate=March 19, 2014 |title=Report: EA lands deal for Titanfall 2, sequel won't be Microsoft exclusive |last1=Crecente |first1=Brian |authorlink=Brian Crecente |date=March 19, 2014 |work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] |archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6OCj81NBR |archivedate=March 19, 2014 |deadurl=no }}</ref>

<ref name="Polygon: SP trailer">{{cite web | url=http://www.polygon.com/2016/6/12/11912326/titanfall-2-release-date-single-player-campaign | title=Titanfall 2 launches Oct. 28, comes with offline single-player campaign | work=[[Polygon (website)|Polygon]] | first=Michael | last=McWhertor | date=June 12, 2016 | accessdate=June 12, 2016 | archiveurl=http://www.webcitation.org/6iDPXX074 | archivedate=June 12, 2016 | deadurl=no}}</ref>

<ref name="Source engine">{{cite web|last1=Dunsmore|first1=Kevin|title=E3 2016: Respawn Talks Content Variety, Reworked Engine in Titanfall 2|url=http://www.hardcoregamer.com/2016/06/14/e3-2016-respawn-talks-content-variety-reworked-engine-in-titanfall-2/212196/|website=hardcoregamer.com|accessdate=June 16, 2016}}</ref>

}}

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