G. Harry Stine

2007-11-27T05:57:02Z

Tcisco: /* Bibliography */ Added two of Stine's cloth publications.

'''G. Harry Stine''' ([[March 26]], [[1928]] - [[November 2]], [[1997]]) is widely regarded as the father of [[Scale model|model]] [[rocket]]ry. Although he did not invent the [[hobby]] – that distinction goes to [[Orville Carlisle]] – he popularized it and made it into an organized hobby. He founded the [[National Association of Rocketry]], serving as its president for a time, and authored the authoritative text ''Handbook of Model Rocketry''. He also helped found the first firm to sell model rocket kits to the public. In addition to the above mentioned handbook, Stine also prepared numerous other technical and [[science fiction]] publications.

He wrote [[science fiction]] under the name Lee Correy, which included a [[Star Trek]] novel called ''[[The Abode of Life]]'' and the original novel ''[[Shuttle Down]]''. Under his own name, he was a regular science-fact columnist for [[Astounding (magazine)|Astounding]] and its later successor [[Analog (magazine)|Analog]]. Stine would also occasionally advise [[Rick Sternbach]] and [[Mike Okuda]] in their work for ''[[Star Trek: the Next Generation]]'' as technical artists and advisors, and was credited in ''[[Star Trek: the Next Generation Technical Manual]]'' for that assistance.

In [[1957]] he gained some minor prominence as a rocketry expert in the United States after the launch of [[Sputnik]]. His book ''Earth Satellites and the Race for Space Superiority'' was published a month before the unveiling of the [[USSR]]'s first satellite, and included the prophetic teaser "For the first time since the dawn of history, the Earth is going to have more than one moon. This is due to happen within the next few months—or it may have already happened even at the time you are reading this."<ref> {{cite book | author=Dickson, Paul | title=Sputnik: The Launch of the Space Race | publisher=McFarlane Walter & Ross | year=2001 | id=ISBN 1-55199-099-7}}</ref>

He died in [[Phoenix, Arizona]] of an apparent [[stroke]]<ref>[http://www.sfwa.org/News/stine.htm] SFWA Obituaries, G. Harry Stine</ref>.

==Bibliography==
(fiction, paperback, as Lee Correy) 
''Star Driver'', Del Rey, July 1980 
''[[Shuttle Down]]'', Del Rey, April 1981 
''Space Doctor'', Del Rey, June 1981 
''The Abode of Life'', Pocket Science Fiction, May 1982 
''A Matter of Metalaw'', DAW Science Fiction, October 1986 
''Manna'', DAW Science Fiction, January 1984 

(fiction, paperback, as G.Harry Stine) 
Warbots, Pinnacle Science Fiction, May 1988 
Warbots #2: Operation Steel Band, Pinnacle Science Fiction, July 1988 
Warbots #3: The Bastaard Rebellion, Pinnacle Science Fiction, September 1988 
Warbots #4 Sierra Madre, Pinnacle Science Fiction, November 1988 
Warbots #5: Operation High Dragon, Pinnacle Science Fiction, January 1989 
Warbots #6: The Lost Battalion, Pinnacle Science Fiction, April 1989 
Warbots #7: Operation Iron Fist, Pinnacle Science Fiction, August 1990 
Warbots #8: Force of Arms, Pinnacle Science Fiction, March 1990 
Warbots #9: Blood Siege, Pinnacle Science Fiction, Septembet 1990 
Warbots #10: Guts and Glory, Pinnacle Science Fiction, June 1991 
Warbots #11: Warrior Shield, Pinnacle Science Fiction, February 1992 
Warbots #12: Judgement Day, Pinnacle Science Fiction, September 1992 
Starsea Invaders: First Action, New American Library, August 1993 
Starsea Invaders: Second Contact, New American Library, March 1994 
Starsea Invaders: Third Encounter, New American Library, May 1995 

(fact, paperback, as G. Garry Stine) 
The Handbook of Model Rocketry,Follet Publishing, 1965 
The Third Industrial Revolution, Ace Science Fiction, May 1979 
The Space Enterprise, Ace Science, August 1980 
Space Power, Ace Science, September 1981 
The Silicon Gods, Dell, October 1984 
Frontiers of Science: Strange Machines You Can Build Atheneum, 1985 

(fact, cloth, as G. Harry Stine) 
Handbook of Model Rocketry [4th Ed.], Follett Publishing, 1976 ISBN 0-695-80616-5 
Halfway to Anywhere, M. Evans and Company, N.Y., 1996 ISBN 0-87131-805-9 

==References==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Stine, G. Harry}}
[[Category:1928 births]]
[[Category:1997 deaths]]
[[Category:Model rocketry]]
[[Category:American engineers]]
[[Category:American science fiction writers]]

Reform des Osterdatums

2007-04-27T14:23:10Z

Tcisco: /* See also */

{{unreferenced|date=November 2006}}
The current system for determining the date of [[Easter]] is often seen as presenting two significant problems:

# Its [[moveable feast|date varies from year to year]] (by the Western system of calculation, it can fall on any of 35 different dates of the [[Gregorian calendar]]). While many Christians do not consider this to be a problem, it can cause frequent difficulties of co-ordination with civil calendars, for example [[academic term]]s. Many countries have [[public holiday]]s around Easter weekend.
# The [[Eastern Christianity|Eastern]] and [[Western Christianity|Western]] Christian churches use different methods of determining its date, and hence in most years Easter is celebrated on a different date in the two major branches of the Church.

== Fixed date ==
It has been proposed that the first problem could be resolved by making Easter occur on a fixed date every year, or alternatively on a Sunday within a fixed range of seven dates. While tying it to one fixed date would serve to underline the belief that Easter commemorates an actual historical event, without an accompanying [[calendar reform]] it would also break the tradition of Easter always being on a Sunday, established by the [[First Ecumenical Council]] at [[İznik|Nicaea]] in [[325|AD 325]] and by now deeply embedded in the [[Liturgy|liturgical]] practice and [[Theology|theological]] understanding of almost all [[Christian denomination]]s.

The two most widespread proposals for fixing the date of Easter would set it on either the second Sunday in April (8th to 14th), or the Sunday after the second Saturday in April (9th to 15th). In both schemes, account has been taken of the fact that—in spite of the many difficulties in establishing the dates of the historical events involved—many scholars attribute a high degree of probability to [[Good Friday|Friday]] [[April 7]], [[30]], as the date of the [[crucifixion]] of [[Jesus]], which would make [[April 9]] the date of the [[Resurrection]]. Many churches, including the [[Roman Catholic Church]], have stated that they have no objection in principle to fixing the date of Easter in this way, but no serious discussions have yet taken place on implementing such a change.

== Unified date ==
Proposals to resolve the second problem have made greater progress, but they are yet to be adopted. The [[World Council of Churches]] proposed a reform of the [[Computus|method of determining the date of Easter]] at a summit in [[Aleppo]], [[Syria]], in 1997<ref>[http://www.oikoumene.org/index.php?id=2677 World Council of Churches/Middle East Council of Churches Consultation Aleppo, Syria March 5 - 10, 1997]</ref>: Easter would be defined as the first Sunday following the first [[Astronomy|astronomical]] [[full moon]] following the astronomical [[vernal equinox]], as determined from the [[meridian (geography)|meridian]] of [[Jerusalem]]. The reform would have been implemented starting in 2001, since in that year the Eastern and Western dates of Easter would coincide.

This reform has not been implemented. It would have relied mainly on the co-operation of the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], since the date of Easter (known as [[Pascha]] in the Orthodox calendar) would change for them immediately; whereas for the Western churches the new system would not differ from that currently in use until 2019. However, Eastern Orthodox support was not forthcoming, and the reform failed. The much greater impact that this reform would have had on the Eastern churches in comparison with those of the West led some Orthodox to suspect that the WCC's decision was an attempt by the West to impose its viewpoint unilaterally on the rest of the world under the guise of [[ecumenism]].

Interestingly, when some Eastern Orthodox national churches adopted the [[Revised Julian calendar]] in the 1920s, they adopted a somewhat similar astronomical system for determining the date of Easter. However, that system was almost never implemented in practice as it would have been contradictory to church edicts dating from the 16th century, which specify that all Orthodox are to celebrate the feast on the same day.

== References ==
<references/>

==See also==
*[[Crucifixion eclipse]]
*[[Easter controversy]]

==External links==
*[http://www.smart.net/~mmontes/ortheast.html Notes on calculating Orthodox Pascha ("Easter")]
*[http://www.orthodoxinfo.com/ecumenism/calendar_bond.aspx An Orthodox article arguing for preservation of the current method of calculating the date of Pascha]

[[Category:Calendars|Easter, Reform of the date of]]
[[Category:Christian festivals|Easter, Reform of the date of]]

[[de:Reform des Osterdatums]]

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

G. Harry Stine

Reform des Osterdatums