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Hohenlohe (Adelsgeschlecht)

2020-07-31T19:21:24Z

Tahc: Änderung 202390367 von Tahc rückgängig gemacht;

[[Datei:Hohenlohe-Wappen.png|mini|hochkant|Stammwappen derer von Hohenlohe]]
[[Datei:Hohenlohe ZW.png|mini|hochkant|Stammwappen derer von Hohenlohe mit der älteren [[Helmzier]] in der [[Zürcher Wappenrolle]]]]
'''Hohenlohe''' ist ein [[Franken (Region)|fränkisches]] [[Liste hochadeliger Familien in Franken|Adelsgeschlecht]] des [[Hoher Adel|Hochadels]]. Sein Herrschaftsgebiet erstreckte sich über die später nach ihm benannte [[Hohenloher Ebene]] zwischen [[Kocher (Fluss)|Kocher]], [[Tauber]] und [[Jagst]]. Trotz wiederholter Teilungen im 13. und 15. Jahrhundert sowie Schenkungen an den [[Deutscher Orden|Deutschen Orden]] (1219) konnte Hohenlohe ein fast geschlossenes Territorium bilden. Die Herren von Hohenlohe wurden 1450 in den [[Reichsgraf]]enstand erhoben, ab der Mitte des 18. Jahrhunderts waren das Gebiet und seine Herrscher [[Reichsfürst|fürstlich]].

== Geschichte des Hauses Hohenlohe ==
=== Familienname und Herkunft ===
[[Datei:Schloss und Park Weikersheim.jpg|mini|[[Schloss Weikersheim]]]]
[[Datei:Schlosslangenburgmsu.jpg|mini|[[Schloss Langenburg]]]]
[[Datei:Öhringen Schloss.JPG|mini|Schloss [[Öhringen]]]]
[[Datei:Neuenstein Schloss01 crop1edit2 2007-09-22.jpg|mini|[[Schloss Neuenstein]]]]
[[Datei:Barockschloss Bartenstein.JPG|mini|Barockschloss [[Bartenstein (Schrozberg)|Bartenstein]]]]
[[Datei:050515-Waldenburg-Ortskern-VomBergfried.jpg|miniatur|Stadt [[Waldenburg (Württemberg)|Waldenburg]] und [[Schloss Waldenburg (Hohenlohe)|Schloss Waldenburg]]]]
[[Datei:Schillingsfürst, Schloss-002.jpg|mini|[[Schloss Schillingsfürst]]]]
[[Datei:Luftbilder von Niederstetten. Schloss Haltenbergstetten.jpg|mini|[[Schloss Haltenbergstetten]]]]
[[Datei:Schloss Kirchberg Jagst.jpg|mini|[[Schloss Kirchberg (Kirchberg an der Jagst)]]]]

Das Stammland des Hauses ist der frühere [[Taubergau]] und [[Gollachgau]]. Die Bezeichnung ''Hohenlohe'' als Familiennamen verwendete als erster Konrad, einer der drei Söhne des 1153 erstmals erwähnten Konrad von [[Weikersheim]], in der Form „Hohenlach“ oder „Holach“. Dieser Name wurde später auch von seinen Brüdern Heinrich und Albert geführt. Er leitet sich von der nicht mehr existierenden [[Burg Hohlach]] bei [[Uffenheim]] in [[Mittelfranken]] ab, auf die die Herren von Weikersheim ihren Hauptsitz verlegt hatten. Dies geschah vermutlich aufgrund der Nähe der Burg Hohlach zu den Handelswegen zwischen [[Frankfurt am Main|Frankfurt]], [[Würzburg]] und [[Augsburg]]. Als Beleg für diese Vermutung dient die Tatsache, dass die Herren von Hohenlohe bis ins 14. Jahrhundert in den mittelfränkischen Gegenden um das [[Tauber]]tal das [[Geleitrecht]] an den dortigen Straßen hielten.

Für die Zeit vor Konrad von Hohenlohe, seinem Vater Konrad von Weikersheim und dessen Bruder Heinrich gibt es keine gesicherten Nachweise. Es gilt als plausibel, ist aber nicht belegbar, dass die Herren von Weikersheim und späteren Herren von Hohenlohe mit den Edelherren von [[Pfitzingen]] bei [[Niederstetten]] stammesgleich sind. Möglicherweise kam es zum Namenswechsel, als ein Mitglied der Weikersheimer Familie die Erbin eines schon bestehenden Geschlechts auf Hohlach heiratete.<ref>Hubert zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, Friedrich Karl zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg: ''Hohenlohe. Bilder aus der Geschichte von Haus und Land'' (= Mainfränkische Hefte, Heft 44). Würzburg 1965, S. 4.</ref> Andere Theorien versuchen eine Abstammung der Familie Hohenlohe von den [[Herzogtum Franken|Herzögen von Franken]] oder von den Herren von [[Bad Mergentheim|Mergentheim]] zu beweisen. 1219 schenkten die Brüder Andreas, Friedrich und Heinrich von Hohenlohe, vom [[Kreuzzug von Damiette|Kreuzzug nach Damiette]] zurückgekehrt, dem [[Deutscher Orden|Deutschen Orden]] Besitz und Rechte sowie ihre Burg in Mergentheim, wodurch diese zum [[Schloss Mergentheim|Deutschordensschloss Mergentheim]] wurde.

=== Erste Teilung ===
Von den drei Söhnen Konrads von Weikersheim starben Konrad und Albrecht kinderlos. Heinrich von Hohenlohe, der dritte Sohn, hatte fünf Söhne, von denen Andreas, Heinrich und Friedrich in den [[Deutscher Orden|Deutschen Orden]] und damit den geistlichen Stand eintraten. Gottfried und Konrad standen in der [[Staufer]]zeit an der Spitze des Hauses und waren Gefolgsleute von Kaiser [[Friedrich II. (HRR)|Friedrich II.]], nachdem schon ihre Onkel Konrad und Albrecht im 12. Jahrhundert mehrmals auf Reichstagen erschienen waren und Albrecht am [[Dritter Kreuzzug|Dritten Kreuzzug]] von 1189 teilgenommen hatte. Friedrich II. belohnte die beiden Brüder für ihre Dienste mit der Verleihung von Grafschaften als Lehen. Konrad von Hohenlohe erhielt im Dezember 1229 die Grafschaft [[Molise]] in den [[Abruzzen]] als Lehen, musste sie aber bereits 1230 im Rahmen der Lösung des Kaisers aus dem [[Kirchenbann]] durch Papst [[Gregor IX.]] wieder zurückgeben. Ab 1230 führten Konrad und Gottfried (sowohl einzeln als auch gemeinsam) den Titel Graf von [[Romagna]].

Ein Familienvertrag aus dem Jahr 1230 regelte unter anderem die Abgrenzung des gemeinschaftlichen Lehensgebiets. Konrad erhielt den östlichen, heute größtenteils in Bayern liegenden Teil mit der [[Burg Brauneck|Hauptburg Brauneck]]. Sein Familienzweig starb in männlicher Linie 1390 aus, die Besitzungen gingen dem Haus Hohenlohe verloren. Gottfried erhielt den westlichen Teil mit dem Stammsitz [[Burg Hohlach]]. Er bekam darüber hinaus von Kaiser Friedrich II. als [[Bistum Würzburg|würzburgisches]] Lehen die Herrschaft über [[Langenburg]], dessen Herren in den [[Deutscher Orden|Deutschen Orden]] eingetreten waren und verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen zu den Hohenlohe hatten. Gottfried wurde Erzieher und Berater von [[Konrad IV. (HRR)|König Konrad IV]]. Dieser überlebte 1250 in Regensburg angeblich ein Mordkomplott, dessen Drahtzieher der [[Albert I. von Pietengau|Bischof von Regensburg]] gewesen sein soll. König Konrad übertrug Gottfried als Dank für seine Hilfe [[Bistum Regensburg|regensburgische Lehen]]. Hierzu zählten auch die Vogtei über das 1037 gegründete [[Chorherrenstift Öhringen]] sowie die Orte [[Neuenstein (Hohenlohe)|Neuenstein]] und [[Waldenburg (Württemberg)|Waldenburg]]. Gottfrieds Sohn, Kraft I. von Hohenlohe, erweiterte sein Herrschaftsgebiet durch zahlreiche Aufkäufe von Besitzungen des niederen Adels, darunter die [[Burgruine Lichteneck (Ingelfingen)|Burg Lichteneck]] mit dem Ort [[Ingelfingen]]. Auch sein Sohn Kraft II. nahm zahlreiche Gebietsvergrößerungen vor, vor allem im Bereich des mittleren [[Kocher (Fluss)|Kochers]] und der [[Jagst]].

=== Gebietserweiterungen ===
In der Folge dieser Gebietsvergrößerungen kam es zu einer hohenlohischen Territorialherrschaft, die über die alte Form der adligen Herrschaft mit [[Grundherrschaft]] und [[Gerichtshoheit]] hinausreichte. Geldeinnahmen hatten die Herren von Hohenlohe durch [[Zoll (Abgabe)|Zölle]] und Geleitrechte, sie hielten das [[Münzrecht]] an der [[Münzprägeanstalt|Münze]] in [[Öhringen]], das [[Judenregal|Schutzrecht über die Juden]] und zahlreiche [[Marktrecht]]e in hohenlohischen Ortschaften. Als [[Vogt|Vögte]] waren die Hohenlohe zuerst in Öhringen und im [[Kochergau]], später für alle Besitzungen, Inhaber der Gerichtshoheit. Auch die [[Schultheiß]]en unterstanden ihnen. Der römisch-deutsche König und spätere Kaiser [[Sigismund (HRR)|Sigismund]] verlieh 1418 die unumschränkte Gerichtshoheit für das gesamte Territorium an Albrecht von Hohenlohe. Die Hohenlohe konnten nun nur vom Kaiser oder einem kaiserlichen Gericht belangt werden, ihre Untertanen und Diener hingegen nur von einem hohenlohischen Gericht. Somit befanden sich alle wesentlichen [[Herrschaft (Territorium)|Herrschaftsrechte]] in den Händen der Hohenlohe, so dass von einer Landesherrschaft gesprochen werden kann. Die [[Reichsgraf]]enwürde hatten die Hohenlohe am Ende des Mittelalters allerdings nicht erlangt, sie waren nur ''nobilis vir'' und nicht ''[[comes]]''.

=== Reichsgrafenstand ===
Am 13. Mai 1450 wurde Kraft V. vom späteren [[Friedrich III. (HRR)|Kaiser Friedrich III.]] in den Reichsgrafenstand erhoben, die damit verbundene Belehnung bezog sich auf die Grafschaften [[Grafschaft Ziegenhain|Ziegenhain]] und [[Grafschaft Nidda|Nidda]], deren Herrschaften ausgestorben waren und mit denen die Hohenlohe durch Heirat verwandtschaftliche Beziehungen hatten. Durch die Belehnung kam es zu einem Streit mit Landgraf [[Ludwig I. (Hessen)|Ludwig I. von Hessen]], der ebenfalls Ansprüche auf die beiden Grafschaften geltend machte. Erst 45 Jahre später, beim [[Reichstag zu Worms (1495)|Reichstag zu Worms]] 1495, konnte der Streit durch den [[Römisch-deutscher König|römisch-deutschen König]] [[Maximilian I. (HRR)|Maximilian I.]] beigelegt werden. Die Hohenlohe zahlten dem Landgrafen eine Entschädigung und behielten dafür den Grafentitel, der nun auf das Stammland bezogen wurde. Das Jahr 1495 ist somit die Geburtsstunde der Grafschaft Hohenlohe und der Grafen von Hohenlohe.

=== Reformation ===
Während der [[Reformation]] wurde das Haus Hohenlohe [[Protestantismus|protestantisch]], Graf Georg I. soll auf seinem Sterbebett 1551 das [[Eucharistie|Abendmahl]] nach protestantischem Brauch erhalten haben. Seine Söhne ordneten mit der Kirchenordnung von 1553 die ''Augsburger Konfession ([[Confessio Augustana]])'' für alle Pfarrer und Prediger der Grafschaft an. Mit dem [[Augsburger Religionsfrieden]] 1556 wurde die Reformation in Hohenlohe vollendet, auch das [[Chorherrenstift Öhringen]] wurde reformiert.

=== Hauptlandteilung ===

Zur Hauptlandteilung des Hauses kam es 1555, als die beiden Halbbrüder Ludwig Casimir und Eberhard sich auf eine Aufteilung des Stammlandes einigten und die beiden Hauptlinien Hohenlohe-''Neuenstein'' und Hohenlohe-''Waldenburg'' entstanden. Beide Linien wurden nach ihrem Stammsitz benannt. Nicht von der Landteilung betroffen war Öhringen, das im gemeinschaftlichen Besitz der beiden Linien blieb. Bis 1806 fanden zahlreiche weitere Teilungen der Linien statt. Eine ideelle Verbindung zwischen den Herrschaften blieb jedoch stets erhalten. Dies äußerte sich unter anderem in dem Umstand, dass der Kaiser die Reichslehen dem jeweiligen Senior der regierenden Grafen verlieh.

[[File:Künzelsau Schloss rot 1.jpg|mini|hochkant=0.9|[[Schloss Bartenau]]]]
Nach dem Aussterben der [[Gleichen (Adelsgeschlecht)|Grafen von Gleichen]] im Jahr 1631 erhielten die Grafen von Hohenlohe-Langenburg die thüringische [[Grafschaft Gleichen|Grafschaft Obergleichen]] mit Sitz auf [[Schloss Ehrenstein]] in [[Ohrdruf]]. 1663 teilten sie diese unter den Linien Hohenlohe-Langenburg und Hohenlohe-Neuenstein auf. Graf Johann Ludwig von Hohenlohe-Langenburg-Gleichen ließ 1679 das [[Schloss Bartenau]] in [[Künzelsau]] erbauen.

Vom [[Dreißigjähriger Krieg|Dreißigjährigen Krieg]] blieben die Gebiete der Hohenlohe zuerst weitgehend verschont, später wurde jedoch aufgrund der Parteinahme des Grafen von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim für König [[Gustav II. Adolf (Schweden)|Gustav II. Adolf von Schweden]] die Herrschaft Weikersheim eingezogen.

Erst nach dem [[Westfälischer Friede|Westfälischen Frieden]] 1648 wurde das Haus wieder in seine alten Rechte eingesetzt und erhielt die eingezogenen Herrschaften, die zwischenzeitlich dem [[Deutscher Orden|Deutschen Orden]] als Lehen übertragen worden waren, in vollem Umfang zurück. Der Westfälische Friede bestätigte den [[Reichsstände]]n und damit auch den Hohenlohe ihre alten Rechte und die hohe Landesobrigkeit, so dass diese wie [[Souverän|souveräne Herrscher]] regieren konnten.

=== Konfessionelle Entzweiung der beiden Hauptlinien ===
Zu einer Entzweiung der beiden Hauptlinien kam es im Oktober 1667, als die beiden Söhne von Georg Friedrich II. von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, die Grafen Christian (Stammvater der Linie [[Bartenstein (Schrozberg)|Bartenstein]]) und Ludwig Gustav (Stammvater der Linie [[Schillingsfürst]]) zur [[Römisch-katholische Kirche|römisch-katholischen Kirche]] zurückkehrten. Mit dem Aussterben der Linie Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Waldenburg 1679 und Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-[[Pfedelbach]] 1728 fiel der gesamte Besitz der Hauptlinie Waldenburg an die katholischen Grafen.

=== Reichsfürstenstand ===
[[File:1804 Boundary Stone between Prussia, Hohenlohe and Rothenburg ob der Tauber.jpg|thumb|2013 rekonstruierter Grenzstein von 1804 am [[Speierhof]]er Dreiländereck zwischen dem preußischen [[Fürstentum Ansbach]], gekennzeichnet durch "PG = Preußisches Gebiet" und das [[Hohenzollern]]-Wappen, der in der [[Mediatisierung]] sich befindlichen Reichsstadt [[Rothenburg ob der Tauber]], gekennzeichnet durch das Stadtwappen (rechts) und einem "R" auf der Rückseite, sowie dem Fürstentum Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst, gekennzeichnet durch "HG = Hohenlohisches Gebiet" (auf der Rückseite)]]
Auch die Bemühungen um die Erhebung in die [[Reichsfürst]]enstände trugen zur Entzweiung der beiden Linien bei. Am 21. Mai 1744 erhob [[Kaiser]] [[Karl VII. (HRR)|Karl VII.]] Reichsgraf Philipp Ernst von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst und Reichsgraf Karl Philipp von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein und ihre Nachkommen zu Reichsfürsten. Ihre Landesteile wurden erst am 14. August 1757 durch [[Franz I. Stephan (HRR)|Kaiser Franz I.]] zum Reichsfürstentum erhoben. Durch die Erhebung der Waldenburger Linie zu Fürsten kam es zum Streit um den Vorrang im Gesamthaus. Erst am 7. Januar 1764 wurde auch die ältere Neuensteiner Linie durch Kaiser Franz in den Reichsfürstenstand erhoben. Die Konflikte um den Vorrang im Gesamthaus dauerten dennoch an. Erst im Rahmen der Öhringer Konvention vom 12. Juni 1782, mit der Ludwig Friedrich Karl Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Neuenstein den Anteil der waldenburgischen Hauptlinie an Öhringen erwarb und nun alleiniger Herrscher in der [[Residenzstadt]] wurde, einigten sich die Fürsten darauf, dass die Rangfolge im Gesamthaus durch das Alter des regierenden Fürsten bestimmt werden sollte.

=== Mediatisierung: Ende der hohenlohischen Landesherrschaft ===
Mit der [[Rheinbundakte]] wurden 1806 die Fürstentümer von [[Königreich Württemberg|Württemberg]] [[Mediatisierung |mediatisiert]], die Exklave Schillingsfürst fiel an [[Königreich Bayern|Bayern]].

=== Besitzerwerb in Schlesien ===
[[Friedrich Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-Öhringen)|Friedrich Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] gelangte 1782 durch Heirat in den Besitz der [[Sławięcice|Herrschaft Slawentzitz]] in [[Oberschlesien]]. 1804 erwarb er auch die Herrschaften [[Gorzów Śląski|Landsberg]] und [[Koszęcin|Koschentin]]. Dessen Enkel [[Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Hugo, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen]], der die Herrschaft Slawentzitz ab 1849 innehatte, erreichte deren Ernennung zur [[Freie Standesherrschaft|Freien Standesherrschaft]] und erlangte 1861 bei der Krönungsfeier [[Wilhelm I. (Deutsches Reich)|Wilhelms I.]] den Titel eines ''Herzogs von Ujest''. Das Herzogtum, das seinen Sitz in Slawentzitz hatte, vereinte die [[Fideikommiss]]e Slawentzitz, [[Ujest]] und [[Gmina Rudziniec|Bitschin]] mit einer Fläche von 175 km². Das Haus Hohenlohe-Oehringen wurde mit dem Einstieg in den [[Galmei]]bergbau und in die Zinkverhüttung in Oberschlesien zu einem der weltweit größten Zinkhersteller.

=== Hohenlohe-Zentralarchiv ===
Das [[Hohenlohe-Zentralarchiv Neuenstein|Hohenlohe-Zentralarchiv]] im [[Schloss Neuenstein]] befindet sich im gemeinsamen Besitz der sechs hohenlohischen Linien und ist zuständig für alle ehemaligen und noch tätigen Verwaltungen des Hauses Hohenlohe sowie für die Nachlässe der Familienangehörigen.<ref>[http://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/sixcms/detail.php?template=hp_artikel&id=8525&id2=8443&sprache=de Website des Landesarchivs Baden-Württemberg]</ref>

== Wappen ==
[[Datei:COA Hohenlohe-Oehringen Karl Christian Kraft1.jpg|mini|hochkant|Darstellung des [[Stammwappen]]s mit der ursprünglichen [[Helmzier]]]]
[[Datei:Hohenlohe-Scheibler46ps.jpg|mini|hochkant|Wappen nach dem [[Scheiblersches Wappenbuch|Scheiblerschen Wappenbuch]]]]
[[Datei:Hohenlohe-Wappen (1511).png|mini|hochkant|Wappen nach der Erbeinigungsurkunde 1511]]

Das hohenlohische Wappen tauchte erstmals Anfang des 13. Jahrhunderts auf: zwei schreitende schwarze [[Leopard (Wappentier)|Leoparden]] mit niedergeschlagenen Schweifen. Sie sind erstmals auf einem Siegel an der ältesten hohenlohischen Urkunde aus dem Jahr 1207 zu sehen. Diese Urkunde bezeugt die Schenkung der Kirche in Mergentheim an den [[Geschichte des Johanniterordens|Johanniterorden]] durch Albert von Hohenlohe, der durch seine Teilnahme am Kreuzzug mit [[Friedrich I. (HRR)|Kaiser Friedrich I. Barbarossa]] in Kontakt mit diesem Orden gekommen war.

Das [[Wappen|Stammwappen]] der Hohenloher zeigt in Silber zwei übereinanderstehende, rechtsschreitende schwarze Leoparden mit niedergeschlagenen Schweifen; auf dem Helm mit rot-silbernen Decken ursprünglich zwei silberne Büffelhörner, die außen mit je fünf goldenen Lindenzweigen bestückt sind, später ein silberner [[Phönix (Wappentier)|Phönix]] mit roten Schwungfedern an den Flügeln.

Der [[Wahlspruch]] derer zu Hohenlohe lautet „ex flammis orior“ (deutsch: Aus Flammen erhebe ich mich). Diese Devise geht auf Fürst Philipp Ernst zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst zurück, den Erbauer von [[Schloss Schillingsfürst]], der 1754 den [[Fürstlich Hohenlohescher Haus- und Phönixorden|Hausorden Von der goldenen Flamme]] gründete, um den Glanz des gesamten Hauses Hohenlohe zu heben. Sein Sohn, Fürst Karl Albrecht I. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, erneuerte den Orden 1775 mit der Bezeichnung Haus- und Ritterorden vom Phoenix mit dem Wahlspruch „ex flammis orior“.

{{Belege fehlen}}
Der Phönixorden wurde nur an Personen von altem Adel verliehen, von 1793 bis 1818 an insgesamt 59 Adelige. Bekanntester Träger des Hohenloher Phönixordens war König [[Ludwig XVIII.]] von [[Frankreich]].

== Herren, Grafen und Fürsten von Hohenlohe ==
=== Ursprüngliche Linie ===
[[Datei:Gottfried of Hohenlohe.jpg|mini|hochkant|Siegel Gottfrieds von Hohenlohe (1235)]]
* '''Herren von Hohenlohe'''
* 1192–1209 Heinrich von Hohenlohe (Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe'' und ''Hohenlohe-Brauneck'')
** '''Herren von Hohenlohe'''
**1209–1266? Gottfried von Hohenlohe (Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Weikersheim'' und ''Hohenlohe-Uffenheim'')
*** '''Hohenlohe-Weikersheim'''
*** 1266–1313 [[Kraft I. von Hohenlohe]] (Tochter: [[Agnes von Hohenlohe]])
*** 1313–1344 Kraft II. von Hohenlohe
*** 1344–1371 Kraft III. von Hohenlohe
*** 1371–1429 Albrecht I. von Hohenlohe
*** 1429–1472 Kraft V. von Hohenlohe (wurde am 14. Mai 1450 von Kaiser [[Friedrich III. (HRR)|Friedrich III.]] zum Reichsgrafen erhoben)
*** 1429–1472 Graf Kraft V. von Hohenlohe
*** 1472–1503 Graf [[Kraft VI. (Hohenlohe-Weikersheim)|Kraft VI. von Hohenlohe]]
*** 1503–1551 Graf Georg von Hohenlohe (''Hauptlandesteilung'' durch seine Söhne in die ''[[Hohenlohe (Adelsgeschlecht)#Neuensteiner Linie|Neuensteiner Linie]]'' und in die ''[[Hohenlohe (Adelsgeschlecht)#Waldenburger Linie|Waldenburger Linie]]'')
*** '''Hohenlohe-Uffenheim'''
*** 1266–1271 Albrecht I. von Hohenlohe
*** 1271–1290 Godfried I. von Hohenlohe-Uffenheim
*** 1290–1314 Albrecht II. von Hohenlohe
*** 1314–1359 Ludwig von Hohenlohe
*** 1359–1387 Godfried II. von Hohenlohe
*** 1387–1412 [[Johann von Hohenlohe]] (Hohenlohe-Uffenheim erlischt)
** {{Anker|Brauneck}}'''Herren von Hohenlohe-Brauneck'''
** 1209–1249 Konrad I. von Hohenlohe, Graf von [[Molise]] und der [[Romagna|Romagne]] (Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Haltenbergstetten'' und ''Hohenlohe-Brauneck'')
***'''Herren von Hohenlohe-Haltenbergstetten'''
*** 1249–1268: Heinrich von Brauneck-Neuhaus
*** 1268–1300: Gebhard von Brauneck in Haltenbergstetten
*** 1300–1332: Ulrich von Brauneck in Haltenbergstetten
*** 1332–1347: Ulrich II. von Brauneck in Haltenbergstetten
*** 1347–1367: Ulrich III. von Brauneck in Haltenbergstetten
*** 1367–1381: Ulrich IV. von Brauneck in Haltenbergstetten (Hohenlohe-Haltenbergstetten erlosch)
***'''Herren von Hohenlohe-Brauneck'''
*** 1249–1273 Godfried I. von Hohenlohe (evtl. identisch mit Godfried II.)
*** 1273–1306 Godfried II. von Brauneck in Brauneck und den [[Büdingen (Adelsgeschlecht)|Büdinger]] Gütern († 1312)
*** 1306–1354 Godfried III. von Brauneck in Brauneck
*** 1354–1368 Godfried IV. von Brauneck in Brauneck
*** 1368–1390 Konrad IV. von Brauneck in Creglingen (Brauneck erlischt)

=== Neuensteiner Linie ===
[[Datei:Stammbaum Hohenlohe-Neuenstein.pdf|mini|hochkant|Stammherren der Neuensteiner Linie in der Frühen Neuzeit]]
* '''Grafen von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein'''
* 1551–1568 Graf Ludwig Casimir von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
* 1568–1586 gemeinschaftliche Regierung der Söhne Albrecht, Wolfgang, Philipp und Friedrich, 1586 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Neuenstein'' (Philipp), ''[[Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]'' (und Kirchberg) (Friedrich) und ''Hohenlohe-Weikersheim'' (Wolfgang II.)
** 1586–1590 Graf Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Langenburg, Langenburg fällt an Wolfgang II., Kirchberg an Philipp
** 1586–1606 Graf Philipp von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein, Neuenstein und Kirchberg fallen an Wolfgang II.
** 1568–1610 Graf [[Wolfgang II. von Hohenlohe]]-(Neuenstein-)Weikersheim, letztmalige Vereinigung der neuensteinischen Linie in einer Hand.
** 1610 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Neuenstein'', ''Hohenlohe-Langenburg'' und ''Hohenlohe-Weikersheim''
***1610–1645 Graf [[Georg Friedrich (Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Weikersheim)|Georg Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Weikersheim]]
*** 1610–1641 Graf Kraft VII. von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein
***{{anker|Öhringen}}1645–1677 gemeinschaftliche Regierung der Söhne Krafts VII., Johann Friedrich, Kraft Magnus, Siegfried, [[Wolfgang Julius (Hohenlohe-Neuenstein)|Wolfgang Julius]], Johann Ludwig und Philipp Maximilian Johann, auch unter Mitwirkung ihrer Mutter Sophia, geb. Pfalzgräfin bei Rhein, 1677 Erbteilung in '''Hohenlohe-Oehringen''', '''Hohenlohe-Weikersheim''' (nur eine Generation 1677–1684 unter Graf Siegfried), '''Hohenlohe-Künzelsau''' (nur eine Generation 1677–1689 unter Graf Johann Ludwig) und '''Hohenlohe-Neuenstein''' (nur eine Generation 1677–1698 unter Graf Wolfgang Julius), Besitz fällt an Hohenlohe-(Neuenstein-)Oehringen
****'''Grafen und Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-(Neuenstein-)Oehringen (bis 1805)'''
**** 1677–1702 Graf Johann Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe-(Neuenstein-)Oehringen
****1702 gemeinschaftliche Regierung der Söhne Karl Ludwig und Johann Friedrich II., 1708 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-(Neuenstein-)Oehringen'' und ''Hohenlohe-Weikersheim'' (nur eine Generation 1708–1756 unter Graf Karl Ludwig)
**** 1708–1765 Graf Johann Friedrich II. von Hohenlohe-(Neuenstein-)Oehringen; am 7. Januar 1764 in den Fürstenstand erhoben
**** 1765–1805 Fürst [[Ludwig Friedrich Karl (Hohenlohe-Neuenstein-Öhringen)|Friedrich Ludwig Friedrich Carl zu Hohenlohe-(Neuenstein-)Oehringen]]
****Linie erloschen, Oehringen fällt an Fürst [[Friedrich Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-Öhringen)|Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (unter Fortführung des Namens Hohenlohe-Oehringen)
***'''Grafen von [[Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]'''[[Datei:Hohenloher Wappen in der Peter und Paulskirche.JPG|mini|hochkant=0.9|Wappen der Grafen zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1653)]][[Datei:Wappen der Fürsten Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1764.png|mini|hochkant|Wappen der Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg 1764]]
*** 1610–1628 [[Philipp Ernst (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Graf Philipp Ernst von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein]]
*** 1628–1699 [[Heinrich Friedrich (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Graf Heinrich Friedrich von Hohenlohe-Langenburg und Gleichen]]
*** 1699 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Langenburg'', ''Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen'' und ''Hohenlohe-Kirchberg''
***'''Grafen und Fürsten von Hohenlohe-Langenburg'''
**** 1699–1715 [[Albrecht Wolfgang (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Graf Albrecht Wolfgang von Hohenlohe-Langenburg]]
**** 1715–1764 [[Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Graf Ludwig von Hohenlohe-Langenburg]], am [[7. Januar]] [[1764]] in den Fürstenstand erhoben
**** 1764–1765 [[Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Fürst ''Ludwig'' zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1696–1765)
**** 1765–1789 [[Christian Albrecht (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Fürst ''Christian Albrecht'' Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1726–1789)
**** 1789–1825 [[Karl Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Langenburg)|Fürst ''Carl Ludwig'' zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1762–1825)
****'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-Langenburg'''
**** 1825–1860 [[Ernst I. zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Fürst ''Ernst'' Christian Carl zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1794–1860)
**** 1860 [[Karl zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Fürst ''Carl Ludwig'' zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1829–1907), Stammvater der [[Weikersheim (Adelsgeschlecht)|Fürsten von Weikersheim]], verzichtet 1860 auf seine Rechte im Haus Hohenlohe-Langenburg zugunsten seines jüngeren Bruders
**** 1860–1913 [[Hermann zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Fürst ''Hermann'' Ernst Franz Bernhard zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1832–1913)
**** 1913–1918 [[Ernst II. zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Fürst ''Ernst'' Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Maximilian zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1863–1950)
**** 1918–1950 [[Ernst II. zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|''Ernst'' Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Maximilian Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1863–1950)<ref>{{thepeerage|p10421.htm#i104206|Ernst Wilhelm Friedrich Carl Maximilian VII Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref>
**** 1950–1960 [[Gottfried zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|''Gottfried'' Hermann Alfred Paul Maximilian Viktor zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1897–1960)<ref>{{thepeerage|p10113.htm#i101124|Gottfried Hermann Alfred Paul Maximilian Viktor VIII Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt">Der bürgerliche Name aller Linien des Hauses Hohenlohe in Deutschland beginnt seit 1919 mit ''Prinz zu Hohenlohe-…'' bzw. ''Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-…''. Die jeweiligen Chefs der Linien nennen sich in der Öffentlichkeit bis heute jedoch traditionell ''Fürst zu Hohenlohe-…''. Diese traditionelle Bezeichnung mit sogenanntem [[Erstgeburtstitel]] kann üblicherweise als Pseudonym gewertet werden. Als Höflichkeitsform ist es in nichtamtlichen Zusammenhängen sowohl in der Literatur als auch in der Gesellschaft üblich, den Namen mit Erstgeburtstitel zu benutzen. Die auf den nicht mehr existierenden und vererbbaren [[Primogenitur|Primogenituradel]] zurückgehende Praxis müsste eigentlich gemäß einem Urteil des Bundesverwaltungsgerichts vom 11. März 1966 amtlich irrelevant sein. In einigen Fällen insbesondere auch des Hauses Hohenlohe gelangte der Namensbestandteil ''Fürst'' auf Grund des Wohlwollens der örtlichen Behörde jedoch auch in das Melderegister (siehe dazu auch Wilfried Rogasch: ''Schnellkurs Adel'', DuMont, Köln 2004, ISBN 978-3-8321-7617-4, S. 17)</ref>
**** 1960–2004 [[Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|''Kraft'' Alexander Ernst Ludwig Georg Emich zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1935–2004)<ref>{{thepeerage|p10113.htm#i101125|Kraft Alexander Ernst Ludwig Georg Emich IX Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt"/>
**** seit 2004 [[Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|''Philipp'' Gottfried Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (* 1970)<ref name="Erstgeburt"/> (in Crailsheim)
****'''Herzog von Medinaceli'''
****Marco Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (span. ''don Marco de Hohenlohe-Langenburg y Medina'') (* 1962–2016), 19. [[Herzog von Medinaceli|Duque de Medinaceli]], erbte den spanischen Titel über seine Mutter Ana de Medina y Fernández de Córdoba, Condesa de Ofalia, von deren Mutter Victoria Eugenia [[Fernández de Córdoba (Adelsgeschlecht)|Fernández de Córdoba]], 18. Duquesa de Medinaceli usw.
****[[Victoria Elisabeth Prinzessin zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] ([[Spanische Sprache|span]]. [[Don (Anrede)|doña]] ''Victoria Elisabeth von Hohenlohe-Langenburg''<ref>{{Internetquelle |autor= |url=https://www.boe.es/diario_boe/txt.php?id=BOE-A-2018-2500 |titel=Dekret des spanischen Justizministeriums JUS/153/2018 |werk= |hrsg= |datum=2018-02-13 |abruf=2019-12-05 |sprache=spanisch}}</ref>) (* 1997), 20. Herzogin von Medinaceli etc., Chefin der ''casa de Medinaceli'', zehnfache [[Granden|Grande de España]]; gilt als die Person mit den meisten Adelstiteln weltweit (insgesamt 43 Titel)<ref>{{Internetquelle |autor= |url=https://www.hola.com/actualidad/20180603125014/victoria-hohenlohe-quince-titulos-nobiliarios/ |titel=¡Ya es oficial! Victoria de Hohenlohe se convierte en la joven con más títulos nobiliarios de España |werk=Hola.com |hrsg= |datum=2018-06-03 |abruf=2019-12-05 |sprache=spanisch}}</ref>[[Datei:Ingelfingen Neues Schloss01 2008-12-28.jpg|mini|[[Neues Schloss Ingelfingen]]]]'''Grafen und Fürsten, nach 1806 Chefs zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen'''
**** 1699–1743 Graf Christian Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
**** 1743–1781 Graf Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen, am 7. Januar 1764 in den Fürstenstand erhoben
**** 1764–1781 Fürst Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
**** 1781–1796 [[Heinrich August (Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-Öhringen)|Fürst Heinrich August zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]]
**** 1796–1806 [[Friedrich Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen-Öhringen)|Fürst Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1806 zurückgetreten, † 1818), preußischer General
**** 1818–1873 [[Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen|Fürst Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]], deutscher Militär und Politiker
**** 1873–1892 [[Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen|Kraft Karl August zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]], preußischer General
****[[Datei:Hohenlohe-Oehringen-Ujest.png|mini|hochkant|Wappen der Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen und Herzöge von Ujest]]'''Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen (seit 1805)'''
**** 1805–1806 Fürst Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
**** 1806–1849 [[August zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Fürst August zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen]] (1784–1853), 1849 zurückgetreten.
**** 1849–1861 [[Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Fürst Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen]], 1861 zum ''Herzog von Ujest'' erhoben.
****'''Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen und Herzöge von Ujest'''
**** 1861–1897 [[Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Fürst Hugo zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen, 1. Herzog von Ujest]] (1816–1897)
**** 1897–1918 [[Christian Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Fürst Christian Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen, 2. Herzog von Ujest]] (1848–1926)
****'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-Oehringen'''
**** 1918–1926 [[Christian Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Christian Kraft Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen]] (1848–1926)
**** 1926–1955 Johann (Hans) zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen (1858–1955)<ref>{{thepeerage|p11256.htm#i112555|Hans 6th Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt"/>
**** 1955–1962 August zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen (1890–1962)<ref>{{thepeerage|p10099.htm#i100983|August 7th Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt"/>
**** 1962– [[Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen|Kraft Hans Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen]] (1933–)<ref>{{thepeerage|p11259.htm#i112588|Kraft Hans Konrad 8th Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Öhringen|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt"/> (auf [[Schloss Neuenstein]])
****'''Grafen und Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg'''
**** 1699–1737 Graf Friedrich Eberhard zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
**** 1737–1767 Graf Karl August zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg, 1764 zum Fürsten erhoben
**** 1764–1767 Fürst Karl August zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
**** 1767–1819 [[Christian Friedrich Karl zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg|Fürst Christian Friedrich Karl zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg]]
**** 1819–1836 Fürst Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg
**** 1836–1861 [[Karl Friedrich Ludwig zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg|Fürst Karl zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg]]

=== Waldenburger Linie ===
[[Datei:Stammbaum Hohenlohe-Waldenburg.pdf|hochkant|mini|Stammherren der Waldenburger Linie in der Frühen Neuzeit]]
* '''Grafen von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg'''
* 1551–1570 Graf [[Eberhard von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg|Eberhard von Hohenlohe in Waldenburg]] ∞ [[Agathe (Tübingen)|Agathe von Tübingen]]
* 1570–1600 [[Georg Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg|Graf Georg Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg]]
* 1600–1635 Graf Georg Friedrich II. von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg
** 1615 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Waldenburg'' und ''Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach''
**'''Grafen von Hohenlohe-[[Pfedelbach]]'''
** 1600–1650 Graf Ludwig Eberhard von Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach (* 19. Januar 1590; † 1650)
** 1650–1681 Graf Friedrich Kraft von Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach (* 27. November 1623; † 7. April 1681)
** 1681–1685 Hiskias Graf von Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach (* 8. September 1631; † 6. Februar 1685)
** 1685–1728 Graf Ludwig Gottfried von Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach (* 6. Dezember 1668; † 18. September 1728) (Hohenlohe-Pfedelbach erlischt und Hohenlohe-Bartenstein)
**'''Grafen zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst'''
** 1635–1697 Graf Ludwig Gustav zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
***1688 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein'' und ''Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst''
*** {{Anker|Bartenstein}}'''Grafen und Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (bis 1844)'''
*** 1688–1729 [[Philipp Karl zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein]], Reichskammerrichter in [[Wetzlar]], wurde durch Losentscheid Herr der neu geschaffenen Grafschaft Bartenstein
***1729–1763 [[Karl Philipp Franz zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein|Graf Karl Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein]] (am 21. Mai 1744 für seine Verdienste für den Kaiser zum Fürsten erhoben), Reichskammerrichter in Wetzlar
****'''Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein'''
**** 1763–1798 Fürst [[Ludwig Carl Franz Leopold zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein|Ludwig Leopold zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein]] († 1799, 1798 nach dem Tode seiner Frau zurückgetreten, danach Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Bartenstein'' und ''Hohenlohe-Jagstberg'')
**** 1798–1806 [[Ludwig Aloys (Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein)|Fürst Ludwig Aloys zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein]], übergab 1806 Regierung an seinen Sohn, wurde 1823 [[Marschall von Frankreich]], † 1829
**** 1806–1844 [[Karl August (Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein)|Fürst Karl August zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein]] (die Linie erlischt mit seinem Tod und fällt wieder mit ''Hohenlohe-Jagstberg'' zusammen)
****'''Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg (seit 1844 Hohenlohe-Bartenstein und Jagstberg) '''
**** 1798–1833 Fürst [[Karl Joseph (Hohenlohe-Jagstberg)|Karl Joseph zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg]]
**** 1833–1850 Fürst [[Ludwig (Hohenlohe-Jagstberg)|Ludwig Albrecht Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg]] (seit 1844 Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein und Jagstberg)
**** 1850–1877 Fürst [[Karl Ludwig Konstantin (Hohenlohe-Bartenstein)|Karl Ludwig Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein]]
**** 1877–1918 Fürst [[Johannes zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein|Johannes Friedrich zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein]] (und Jagstberg, seit 1898 nach dem Tod seines kinderlosen Onkels Albert, Fürst von Hohenlohe-Jagstberg)
*****'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-Bartenstein und Jagstberg (ab 1918)'''
*****1918–1921 [[Johannes zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein|Johannes Friedrich Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein und Jagstberg]]<ref>{{thepeerage|p11267.htm#i112666|Johann Friedrich Michael Carl Maria Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein und Jagstberg|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref>
******'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-[[Bartenstein (Schrozberg)|Bartenstein]]'''
****** 1921–1950 Karl zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein<ref>{{thepeerage|p4461.htm#i44606|Karl Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt" />
****** 1950–2019 Ferdinand Michael zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein<ref>{{thepeerage|p4461.htm#i44608|Ferdinand Michael IX Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt" />
******seit 2019 Maximilian zu Hohenlohe-Bartenstein (auf Schloss [[Bartenstein (Schrozberg)|Bartenstein]])
******'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-Jagstberg'''
****** 1921–1996 Albrecht zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg<ref>{{thepeerage|p11267.htm#i112667|Albrecht Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt" />
****** seit 1996 Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg<ref>{{thepeerage|p11267.htm#i112668|Alexander Maria Ladislaus Johannes Carl Ludwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Jagstberg|Kommentar=|Zugriff=2015-07-21}}</ref><ref name="Erstgeburt" /> (auf Schloss [[Niederstetten|Haltenbergstetten]])
***'''Grafen und Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst'''
*** 1697–1759 Graf [[Philipp Ernst zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]], am 21. Mai 1744 zum Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst ernannt
*** 1759–1793 Fürst [[Karl Albrecht I. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (* 1719; † 1793)
*** 1793–1796 Fürst [[Karl Albrecht II. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (* 1742; † 1796)
*** 1796–1839 Fürst [[Karl Albrecht III. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (* 1776, zurückgetreten 1839, † 1843)
**** 1807 Erbteilung in ''Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst'' (württembergische Linie) und ''Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Schillingsfürst'' (bayerische Linie)
****'''Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst''' (in [[Königreich Württemberg|Württemberg]])
**** 1839–1884 [[Friedrich zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst|Fürst Friedrich Karl I. Joseph]] zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst
**** 1884–1886 Fürst [[Nikolaus zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]]
**** 1886–1918 [[Friedrich Karl zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst|Fürst Friedrich Karl II. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]]
*****'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst'''
***** 1918–1924 [[Friedrich Karl zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst|Friedrich Karl (II.) Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]]
***** 1924–1982 [[Friedrich Karl III. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]]<ref name="Erstgeburt" />
***** 1982–2017 Friedrich Karl IV. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst<ref name="Erstgeburt" /><ref>[http://lebenswege.faz.net/traueranzeige/friedrich-karl-furst-zu-hohenlohe-waldenburg-schillingsfurst-a-l/50425028 Traueranzeige Friedrich Karl 9. Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst Ä.L.], [[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]] am 12. Juni 2017</ref> (auf [[Schloss Waldenburg (Hohenlohe)|Schloss Waldenburg]])
***** seit 2017 Felix zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst<ref>[http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/hohenlohe.html Genealogie des Hauses Hohenlohe im Online Gotha von Paul Theroff]</ref>
****'''Fürsten zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst''' (in [[Königreich Bayern|Bayern]])
**** 1807–1841 Franz Joseph Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
**** 1841–1845 Philipp Ernst Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
**** 1845–1846 [[Victor I. Herzog von Ratibor|Victor Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] ''verzichtete 1846 auf Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst zugunsten seines jüngeren Bruders und wurde Herzog von Ratibor (siehe unten)''
**** 1846–1901 [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Chlodwig Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]]
**** 1901–1915 [[Philipp Ernst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Philipp Ernst Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]]
**** 1915–1918 [[Moritz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Moritz Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]]
*****'''Chefs des Hauses Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst'''
***** 1918–1940 Moritz Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst
***** 1940–1965 Franz Josef zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst<ref name="Erstgeburt" />
***** 1965–2005 Karl-Albrecht zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst<ref name="Erstgeburt" /><ref>Der Sohn von Karl-Albrecht zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst verstarb im Alter von 26 Jahren in Köln. Damit erlosch die bayerische Linie des Hauses zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 2005 im Mannesstamm. Die Erbfolge des Hauses Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst ging nun an einen österreichischen Nachkommen von [[Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Konstantin Viktor Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (* 1828; † 1896). Prinz Konstantin Viktor war ein jüngerer Bruder des Reichskanzlers Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst und begründete die österreichische Linie des Hauses Hohenlohe.</ref>
***** 2005– Constantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst<ref>Der Diplom-Ingenieur ''Constantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst'' ist österreichischer Staatsbürger und trägt deshalb den bürgerlichen Namen ''Constantin Hohenlohe'', denn gemäß dem österreichischen [[Adelsaufhebungsgesetz]] konnten im Gegensatz zu den Verhältnissen in Deutschland weder das Adelszeichen ''„von“'' bzw. ''„zu“'' noch adelige Standesbezeichnungen wie etwa ''„Prinz“'' oder ''„Fürst“'' Namensbestandteile werden. Constantin Hohenlohe ist ein Ur-Ur-Enkel des Prinzen [[Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Konstantin Viktor zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (* 1828; † 1896), welcher die österreichische Linie des Hauses Hohenlohe begründete. In der Öffentlichkeit tritt Constantin Hohenlohe seit 2005 unter dem inoffiziellen traditionellen Namen ''Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst'' auf, was ihn als Chef des Hauses kennzeichnet. Constantin Hohenlohes jüngerer Bruder ist der bekannte österreichische Journalist [[Karl Hohenlohe]].</ref> (auf [[Schloss Schillingsfürst]])

[[Datei:Ratibor-Corvey-Hohenlohe-Wappen.png|mini|hochkant|Wappen Herzog von Ratibor – Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]]

=== Herzöge von Ratibor und Fürsten von Corvey ===
''siehe [[Herzogtum Ratibor]]''

Aus dem königlich preußischen Kammergut zu [[Racibórz|Ratibor]] in Oberschlesien, das um (1810) als säkularisiertes Kirchengut erweitert wurde, ging die Herrschaft Ratibor hervor, die 1812 vom Kurprinzen von [[Kurfürstentum Hessen|Hessen-Kassel]] erworben wurde. 1820 wurde die Herrschaft Ratibor zum [[Mediatfürstentum]] erhoben, das der Landgraf [[Victor Amadeus (Hessen-Rotenburg)|Viktor Amadeus]] von [[Hessen-Rotenburg]] (1779–1834) zusammen mit dem Kloster [[Corvey#Ende der Souveränität|Corvey]] in Westfalen als Ersatz für an Frankreich abgetretene Gebiete links des Rheins bekam. Der kinderlose Landgraf hatte beschlossen, seinen Besitz – Ratibor in Schlesien, Corvey in Westfalen und [[Treffurt]] im Regierungsbezirk Erfurt – den beiden ältesten Söhnen seines Schwagers, des Fürsten Franz-Joseph zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1787–1841), zu vererben. In einem Erbvertrag hatten dessen drei Söhne den Nachlass des Vaters und des Onkels so aufgeteilt, dass der Älteste, Erbprinz Viktor, die Herrschaft Ratibor, [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Chlodwig]] (der spätere Reichskanzler) die Herrschaft Corvey und Philipp Ernst die Herrschaft Schillingsfürst bekam. 1840 erhielt [[Victor Herzog von Ratibor|Viktor]], der im säkularisierten [[Kloster Rauden]] residierte, vom König von Preußen den erblichen Titel Herzog von Ratibor. Als 1845 Philipp Ernst ohne männlichen Nachkommen verstarb, trat Chlodwig seinem Bruder Viktor die Herrschaft Corvey ab und übernahm dafür das väterliche Stammhaus Schillingsfürst mit dem Fürstentitel. 1894 erbte die Ehefrau des Herzogs [[Victor II. Amadeus von Ratibor|Viktor II. Amadeus von Ratibor]], eine geborene Gräfin [[Breuner]], die niederösterreichischen Besitzungen ihrer im Mannesstamm erloschenen Familie, [[Schloss Grafenegg|Grafenegg]], [[Neuaigen (Gemeinde Tulln)|Neuaigen]] und [[Schloss Asparn|Asparn]], die sich, zusammen mit Corvey, noch im Besitz der herzoglichen Familie befinden.
* [[Victor I. von Ratibor|Victor I. Herzog von Ratibor]] (seit 1840), 1. Fürst von Corvey, Fürst zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1818–1893), deutscher Standesherr und Politiker
** [[Victor II. Amadeus von Ratibor|Victor II. Amadeus Herzog von Ratibor]], 2. Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1847–1923), deutscher Standesherr und preußischer Politiker
*** [[Victor III. von Ratibor|Victor III. Herzog von Ratibor]], 3. Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Breunner-Enkevoirth (1879–1945), Gutsbesitzer, Land- und Forstwirt
**** [[Franz-Albrecht Metternich-Sandor|Franz Albrecht Metternich-Sándor]] (1920–2009), Land- und Forstwirt; (adelshistorisch: , 4. Herzog von Ratibor, 4. Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst)
***** Viktor Herzog von Ratibor (* 1964), Land- und Forstwirt; (adelshistorisch: Viktor IV., 5. Herzog von Ratibor, 5. Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst-Breunner-Enkevoirth)

<gallery>
Datei:Kloster Rauden - Nordfassade.jpg|Schloss (ehemaliges Kloster) [[Kloster Rauden|Rauden]] bei Ratibor, Oberschlesien
Datei:Corvey 2.png|Schloss (frühere Abtei) [[Corvey]], Ostwestfalen
Datei:Grafenegg - Schloss, Nordansicht.JPG|[[Schloss Grafenegg]], Niederösterreich
Datei:Neuaigen - Schloss (2).JPG|Schloss [[Neuaigen (Gemeinde Tulln)|Neuaigen]], Niederösterreich
</gallery>

== Weitere Namensträger der Familie ==
[[Datei:Franz von Lenbach Fürst Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst 1896.jpg|mini|hochkant|Fürst [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1819–1901), 1894–1900 Reichskanzler und preußischer Ministerpräsident]]
[[Datei: Carl Pietzner - Konrad Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, 1915.jpg|mini|hochkant|Prinz [[Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1863–1918), Neffe Fürst Chlodwigs, 1906 österreichischer Ministerpräsident]]
* [[Heinrich von Hohenlohe]] (um 1200–1249), Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens
* [[Gottfried von Hohenlohe]] (1265–1309), Hochmeister des Deutschen Ordens
* [[Gottfried III. von Hohenlohe]] († 1322), Bischof von Würzburg
* [[Albrecht II. von Hohenlohe]] († 1372), Bischof von Würzburg
* [[Friedrich I. von Hohenlohe]] († 1352), Fürstbischof von Bamberg
* [[Georg von Hohenlohe]] (um 1350–1423), Fürstbischof von Passau
* [[Johannes von Hohenlohe]] (um 1370–1412), Ritter
* [[Wolfgang Julius (Hohenlohe-Neuenstein)|Wolfgang Julius von Hohenlohe-Neuenstein]] (1622–1698), Generalfeldmarschall
* [[Christian (Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein)|Christian von Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein]] (1627–1675), bayerischer Statthalter in Neumarkt
* [[Friedrich Wilhelm zu Hohenlohe-Kirchberg]] (1732–1796), österreichischer Feldzeugmeister
* [[Joseph Christian Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Bartenstein]] (1740–1817), Fürstbischof von Breslau
* [[Franz Karl Joseph zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1745–1819), Weihbischof und Bischof von Augsburg
* [[Friedrich Karl Wilhelm von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1752–1815), kaiserlicher Feldmarschall-Leutnant, Ritter des Maria Theresien-Ordens, Fürst von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen
* [[Georg Friedrich Heinrich von Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1757–1803), preußischer Generalmajor, Chef des Infanterie-Regiments Nr. 31
* [[Louise Eleonore zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1763–1837), Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen
* [[Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (Prinz Leopold Alexander Franz Emmerich zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst; 1794–1849), katholischer Geistlicher und Wunderheiler, Titularbischof von Sardika und Abt von St. Michael in Gaborjan
* [[Friedrich Karl I. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1814–1884), Fürst der Standesherrschaft Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst, Heraldiker und Sphragistiker
* [[Katharina zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1817–1893), deutsche Adlige, Stifterin von Kloster Beuron
* [[Chlodwig zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1819–1901) Reichskanzler des Deutschen Kaiserreiches und preußischer Ministerpräsident, Bruder von [[Victor I. Herzog von Ratibor|Viktor I. Herzog von Ratibor]]
* [[Carl zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1820–1890), deutscher Beamter und Politiker, MdR
* [[Gustav Adolf zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1823–1896), Bruder von Chlodwig, Kardinal, 1879–1884 Bischof von Albano
* [[Friedrich Wilhelm zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1826–1895), preußischer General der Kavallerie und Erbherr auf Koschentin
* [[Kraft zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1827–1892), preußischer General der Artillerie
* [[Konstantin zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1828–1896), Bruder von Chlodwig, österreichischer Erster Obersthofmeister und General der Kavallerie in Wien ∞ [[Marie zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst|Marie zu Sayn-Wittgenstein]]
* [[Adelheid zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1835–1900), Herzogin von Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg-Augustenburg
* [[Feodora zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg (1839–1872)]], Herzogin von Sachsen-Meiningen
* [[Friedrich Karl II. zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1846–1924), deutscher Adliger und Standesherr
* [[Max von Ratibor und Corvey]] (1856–1924), deutscher Diplomat
* [[Karl Prinz von Ratibor und Corvey]] (1860–1931), deutscher Politiker
* [[Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (Politiker)|Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1862–1924), Sohn von Chlodwig, Reichstagsabgeordneter, Publizist
* [[Konrad zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1863–1918), Sohn von Konstantin, Politiker, 1906 Ministerpräsident von Österreich-Ungarn
* [[Philipp zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1864–1942), österreichischer Universitätsprofessor (Kirchenrecht) und Ordenspriester (OSB)
* [[Gottfried zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1867–1932), Sohn von Konstantin, Botschafter Österreich-Ungarns in Berlin 1914–1918
* [[Friedrich Franz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1879–1958), deutsch-ungarischer Aristokrat
* [[Karl Gottfried zu Hohenlohe-Ingelfingen]] (1879–1960), deutscher Rittergutsbesitzer, Standesherr und Parlamentarier
* [[Stéphanie zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1891–1972), deutsche Spionin, Gemahlin von Friedrich Franz
* [[Constantin Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1893–1973) Maler, Denkmalpfleger, Gründer der Museen in Neuenstein und Weikersheim
* [[Franz Josef zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst]] (1894–1970), Genealoge
* [[Max Egon zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1897–1968), Diplomat
* [[Franziska zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst]] (1897–1989), Schwägerin des letzten Kaisers von Österreich
* [[Max Karl zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1901–1943), Künstler und Publizist, Verfolgter des NS-Regimes
* [[Kraft-Alexander zu Hohenlohe-Oehringen]] (1925–2006), Schauspieler, Regisseur, Theaterintendant
* [[Alfonso zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg|Alfonso Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (1924–2003), Begründer des Marbella-Club
* Friedrich Karl zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingsfürst (1933–2017), deutscher Forstmann, Künstler, Unternehmer und Historiker
* [[Hubertus von Hohenlohe|Hubertus Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Langenburg]] (* 1959), Skirennläufer
* [[Karl Hohenlohe]], auch Karl Albrecht Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (* 1960), österreichischer Journalist und Medienunternehmer

== Literatur ==
* Johann Brandmüller: ''Historisches und geographisches Lexikon''. Band II. 1726
* Johann Justus Herwig: ''Entwurf einer genealogischen Geschichte des Hohen Hauses Hohenlohe.'' Kgl. Geh. Ober-Hofbuchdruckerei, Berlin 1873. {{ULBDD|urn:nbn:de:hbz:061:1-470954}}
* A. Kuzio-Podrucki, ''Hohenlohe – w Europie, na Śląsku, w Katowicach'', Tarnowskie Góry 2012, ISBN 978-83-923733-4-6 (polnisch).
* Hans Konrad Schenk: ''Hohenlohe – vom Reichsfürstentum zur Standesherrschaft''. Swiridoff-Verlag, Künzelsau 2006, ISBN 3-89929-080-1
* {{NDB|9|484|485|Hohenlohe, zu.|Karl Schumm|118706284}}
* Günter Tiggesbäumker: ''Viktor I. Herzog von Ratibor und Fürst von Corvey, Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst (1818–1893)''. In: ''Westfälische Zeitschrift'', 144, 1994. S. 266–280.
* Günter Tiggesbäumker: ''Von Franken nach Westfalen und Schlesien. Der Erbprinz von Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst wird erster Herzog von Ratibor und Fürst von Corvey''. In: ''Frankenland'' 3/2003, S. 207–212.
* Günter Tiggesbäumker: ''Von Schillingsfürst nach Corvey und Höxter. Zur Geschichte der Herzoglichen Familie Ratibor und Corvey''. In: ''Die Warte'', Nr. 136, 2007. S. 13–18.
* Günter Tiggesbäumker: ''Die Familie Hohenlohe-Schillingsfürst in Höxter und Corvey. Zur Geschichte des Herzoglichen Hauses Ratibor und Corvey''. In: ''Frankenland'' 60 (1) 2008. S. 26–34.
* Günter Tiggesbäumker: ''Das Herzogliche Haus Ratibor und Corvey''. 6. völlig neu überarbeitete und erweiterte Auflage. Werl 2011 (''Deutsche Fürstenhäuser.'' Band 5).
* {{BLKÖ|Hohenlohe, altes Herrengeschlecht in Franken|9|200|201}}
* ''Pfedelbach 1037–1987. Aus Geschichte und Gegenwart''. Hrsg. von der Gemeinde Pfedelbach. Thorbecke, Sigmaringen 1987, ISBN 3-921429-30-7, ISBN 3-7995-7630-4 (''Forschungen aus Württembergisch-Franken''. Band 30)
* Alma Hannig, Martina Winkelhofer-Thyri (Hrsg.): ''Die Familie Hohenlohe. Eine europäische Dynastie im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert'', Verlag Böhlau, Köln 2013, ISBN 978-3-41222201-7
* ''Kunstschätze aus Hohenlohe'', Landesmuseum Württemberg, Stuttgart 2015, ISBN 978-3-88294-470-9

== Weblinks ==
{{Commonscat}}
* [http://genealogy.euweb.cz/hlohe/index.html Haus Hohenlohe] bei genealogy.euweb.cz (englisch)
* [http://www.angelfire.com/realm/gotha/gotha/hohenlohe.html Haus Hohenlohe, Auszug aus Paul Theroff's Online Gotha]
* [http://www.landesarchiv-bw.de/hzan/ Hohenlohe Zentralarchiv Neuenstein]
* [http://fmg.ac/Projects/MedLands/FRANCONIA.htm#_Toc480900413 Stammliste der mittelalterlichen Herren von Hohenlohe bei der Foundation for Medieval Genealogy]
* [http://images.monasterium.net/pics/AT-DOZA/Ahnentafeln/DOZA-Ahnenproben_Ri-0184-Nr.776a_r.jpg Ahnentafel des Georg Friedrich Prinz zu Hohenlohe–Waldenburg 1893] bei [https://www.monasterium.net/mom/AT-DOZA/Ahnenproben/images?_lang=deu&block=1 monasterium.net]

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

{{Navigationsleiste Fränkischer Reichskreis}}
{{Normdaten|TYP=p|GND=118706284|LCCN=sh/85/061395|VIAF=5725533}}

[[Kategorie:Haus Hohenlohe| ]]
[[Kategorie:Deutsches Adelsgeschlecht (Hochadel)]]
[[Kategorie:Hohenlohe]]

Hohenlohe (Adelsgeschlecht)

2020-07-31T19:20:39Z

Tahc: /* Herren, Grafen und Fürsten von Hohenlohe */

Metfried (Wied)

2020-06-11T04:27:54Z

Tahc: /* Einzelnachweise */ 1093–1129

'''Metfried von Wied''', auch ''Meffrid'', ''Meffridus'' oder ''Matfrit'' (* etwa 1073 † um 1129 oder 1145), war von etwa 1084 [[Gaugraf]] im [[Engersgau]] und von etwa 1129 bis 1145 [[Graf]] zu Wied. Er begann vor 1129 mit dem Bau der Burg Wied ([[Burg Altwied|Altwied]]<ref>{{Webarchiv | url=http://www.dr-bernhard-peter.de/Heraldik/seiten/wied.htm | wayback=20130320173816 | text=Das Haus Wied und seine Wappen}}</ref>). Metfried war der erste Graf des ersten wiedischen Grafenhauses und ist als Begründer der [[Grafschaft Wied]] anzusehen.

== Leben und Wirken ==
Es gibt keine bekannten Urkunden, aus denen sich die Namen und die Stellung der Eltern und Vorfahren des Metfried sicher herleiten lassen, ebenso wenig sind Geburts- und Todesjahr bekannt. Der Historiker [[Hellmuth Gensicke|Gensicke]] geht „mit einiger Sicherheit“ davon aus, dass Metfried ein direkter Nachfahre des 1034 im [[Engersgau]] urkundlich bezeugten [[Gaugraf]]en Wigger war, der identisch sein dürfte mit dem 1044 erwähnten Gaugrafen Wittechind.<ref name="gensicke">[[Hellmuth Gensicke]]: ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes''. 3. Auflage. Historische Kommission für Nassau, Wiesbaden 1958/1999, Seiten 30, 144 ff; ISBN 3-922244-80-7</ref>

Als Ehefrau Metfrieds wird eine Osterlind genannt, von der nur der Name bekannt ist und die vermutlich aus einem linksrheinischen Adelsgeschlecht stammt.<ref name="gensicke" /> Eine früher vertretene Ansicht, dass Osterlind eine Verwandte von [[Heinrich der Löwe|Heinrich dem Löwen]] gewesen sei, ist durch neuere Forschungen widerlegt.<ref name="tullius">Wilhelm Tullius: ''Die wechselvolle Geschichte des Hauses Wied'', 1. Auflage, Neuwied, Verlag Kehrein, 2003, Seite 7 ff; ISBN 3-934125-02-6</ref>

Die älteste Erwähnung Metfrieds ist in einer Schenkungsurkunde des Trierer Erzbischofs [[Engelbert von Rothenburg|Egelbert]] zugunsten der [[Benediktinerabtei St. Matthias|Abtei St. Matthias]] enthalten. Die Urkunde wird in die Zeit zwischen 1084 und 1101 datiert und Metfried als Graf im Engersgau bezeichnet („''comitatu Meffridi in pago Engeresgowe''“).<ref name="gensicke" /><ref>[[Heinrich Beyer]]: [http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/zoom/10341 Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch], Band I, Coblenz: Hölscher, 1860, Urkunde 448: „Erzbischof Egelbert schenkt der Abtei S. Matheis das Dorf Genzenrode“</ref>

Metfried und sein Bruder Richwin von [[Kempenich (Adelsgeschlecht)|Kempenich]] waren Zeugen bei der Stiftung der [[Abtei Laach]] durch [[Heinrich II. von Laach|Heinrich von Laach]], Pfalzgraf bei Rhein. In der vermutlich um 1139 gefälschten Urkunde von 1093 wird Metfried als „Graf von Wied“ („''Meffridus comes de wiede''“) bezeichnet.<ref name="gensicke" /><ref>Heinrich Beyer: [http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/zoom/10332 Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch], Band I, Coblenz: Hölscher, 1860, Urkunde 388: „Heinrich, Pfalzgraf bei Rhein, stiftet die Abtei zum Laach“</ref>

In einer vom Trierer Erzbischof [[Bruno von Lauffen|Bruno]] am 29. November 1103 für das [[Stift Münstermaifeld]] ausgestellten Urkunde wurden Metfried und Richwin als Grafen, aber ohne Nennung ihrer Herrschaft („''comes Metfrih et frater eius Rihuuin''“), aufgeführt.<ref name="tullius" /><ref>Heinrich Beyer: [http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/zoom/10355 Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch], Band I, Coblenz: Hölscher, 1860, Urkunde 408: „Erzbischof Bruno befreit das Stift zu Münster-Meinfeld von der Verpflichtung...“</ref>

[[Datei:Burg Altwied.jpg|miniatur|Burg Altwied, rechts die Reste des Bergfrieds bzw. des Wohnturms aus der Zeit Metfrieds]]
Die erste gesicherte Urkunde, in der Metfried als „Graf von Wied“ („''Meffridus de Widhe''“) bezeichnet wurde, stammt aus dem Jahre 1129. In ihr übergab der Trierer Erzbischof [[Meginher von Vianden|Meginher]] das [[Abtei St. Thomas (Andernach)|Frauenkloster St. Thomas]] bei [[Andernach]] in die Fürsorge der [[Abtei Springiersbach]].<ref name="tullius" /><ref>Heinrich Beyer: [http://www.dilibri.de/rlb/content/zoom/10413 Mittelrheinisches Urkundenbuch], Band I, Coblenz: Hölscher, 1860, Urkunde 466: „Erzbischof Meginher von Trier übergibt das von ihm restaurierte Kloster S. Thomas bei Andernach der Abtei Springiersbach“</ref>

Metfried ist der Begründer des Stammsitzes der Burg Wied, die vom 17. Jahrhundert an [[Burg Altwied]] genannt wird. In Metfrieds Zeit fällt die Errichtung des teilweise noch erhaltenen [[Bergfried]]s, der als [[Wohnturm]] genutzt wurde.<ref name="tullius" />

== Familie ==
Von Metfried sind vier Söhne und vier Töchter bekannt:<ref name="tullius" />
* [[Siegfried (Wied)|Siegfried von Wied]], wurde Metfrieds Nachfolger im Grafenamt; urkundlich erwähnt zwischen 1145 und 1162
* Arnold von Wied (um 1098–1156), wurde 1138 [[Kanzler (Mittelalter)|Kanzler]] von König [[Konrad III. (HRR)|Konrad III.]]; war von 1151 bis 1156 als [[Arnold II. von Wied]] Erzbischof von Köln; Arnold krönte 1152 [[Friedrich I. (HRR)|Friedrich I. Barbarossa]] in Aachen zum deutschen König
* Ludwig von Wied; bekam von seinem Bruder Arnold die Vogtei [[Erpel]]; urkundlich erwähnt 1152 und 1166
* Burkhard von Wied, auch Burchard, erbte die [[Herrschaft Olbrück]], nannte sich dann Burkhard von Olbrück und hatte seinen Sitz auf [[Burg Olbrück]] im linksrheinischen [[Brohlbach (Rhein)|Brohltal]]; er war verheiratet, hinterließ aber keine Erben; urkundlich erwähnt zwischen 1145 und 1166
* Hizecha von Wied († 1172), sie war von 1144 bis 1166 Äbtissin im Benediktinerinnenkloster in [[Stift Vilich|Vilich]]
* [[Hadwig von Wied]], auch Hedwig (vor 1120–1172), ab 1150 Äbtissin der Stifte [[Stift Gerresheim|Gerresheim]] und [[Stift Essen|Essen]], gründete zusammen mit ihrem Bruder Arnold das [[Frauenstift]] von [[St. Clemens (Schwarzrheindorf)|Schwarzrheindorf]]
* Sophia von Wied (urkundlich erwähnt 1172), Äbtissin in Schwarzrheindorf
* Siburgis von Wied (urkundlich erwähnt 1172), Dechantin in Schwarzrheindorf

== Literatur ==
* Wilhelm Tullius: ''Die wechselvolle Geschichte des Hauses Wied''. 1. Auflage, Kehrein, Neuwied 2002, ISBN 3-934125-02-6

== Weblinks ==
* {{Webarchiv | url=http://www.genealogy.net/vereine/ArGeWe/wewa6/Grafschaft_Neuwied/7_Die_wiedischen_Grafen.html | wayback=20140429050619 | text=''Die wiedischen Grafenhäuser''}} bei genealogy.net. Auszug aus Hellmuth Gensicke: ''Landesgeschichte des Westerwaldes'', S. 250–262

== Einzelnachweise ==
<references />

{{Personenleiste
| VORGÄNGER = –--
| AMT = [[Grafschaft Wied|Graf von Wied]]
| ZEIT = 1093–1129
| NACHFOLGER = [[Siegfried (Wied)|Siegfried]]
}}

{{SORTIERUNG:Metfried #Wied}}
[[Kategorie:Graf (Wied)]]
[[Kategorie:Haus Wied]]
[[Kategorie:Geboren im 11. Jahrhundert]]
[[Kategorie:Gestorben im 12. Jahrhundert]]
[[Kategorie:Mann]]

{{Personendaten
|NAME=Metfried
|ALTERNATIVNAMEN=Meffrid; Meffridus; Matfrit
|KURZBESCHREIBUNG=Gaugraf im Engersgau, erster Graf der Grafschaft Wied
|GEBURTSDATUM=11. Jahrhundert
|GEBURTSORT=
|STERBEDATUM=um 1145
|STERBEORT=
}}

The Dinner Party

2017-05-04T18:12:28Z

Tahc: /* Race and identity */ "Black woman of color" is redundant

{{Other uses|Dinner Party (disambiguation){{!}}Dinner Party}}
{{Infobox artwork
| image_file = The dinner party book cover.jpg
| painting_alignment =
| image_size = 200 px
| title = ''The Dinner Party''
| alt =
| artist = [[Judy Chicago]]
| year = {{Start date|1979}}
| type = Mixed media
| height_metric =
| width_metric =
| length_metric =
| height_imperial =
| width_imperial =
| length_imperial =
| metric_unit = cm
| imperial_unit = in
| city = [[Brooklyn]], [[New York (state)|New York]]
| museum = [[Brooklyn Museum]]
| coordinates =
| owner = Brooklyn Museum
}}
'''''The Dinner Party''''' is an [[installation art]]work by [[feminist art]]ist [[Judy Chicago]]. Widely regarded as the first epic feminist artwork, it functions as a symbolic history of women in Western civilization. There are 39 elaborate place settings arranged along a triangular table for 39 mythical and historical famous women. [[Sacajawea]], [[Sojourner Truth]], [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]], [[Theodora (6th century)|Empress Theodora of Byzantium]], [[Virginia Woolf]], [[Susan B. Anthony]], and [[Georgia O'Keeffe]] are among the guests.

Each unique place-setting includes a hand-painted china plate, ceramic flatware and chalice, and a napkin with an embroidered gold edge. Each plate, except the one corresponding to Sojourner Truth, depicts a brightly-colored, elaborately styled vulva form. The settings rest upon elaborately embroidered runners, executed in a variety of needlework styles and techniques. The dinner table stands on The Heritage Floor, made up of more than 2,000 white luster-glazed triangular-shaped tiles, each inscribed in gold scripts with the name of one of 999 women who have made a mark on history.

It was produced from 1974 to 1979 as a collaboration and was first exhibited in 1979. Subsequently, despite art world resistance, it toured to 16 venues in six countries on three continents to a viewing audience of 15 million. It was retired to storage until 1996, as it was beginning to suffer from constant traveling.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Reilly|first1=Maura|title=founding curator|url=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/tour_and_home.php|website=http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/tour_and_home.php|accessdate=16 December 2014}}</ref> Since 2007 it has been on permanent exhibition in the [[Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art]] at the [[Brooklyn Museum]], New York.

==About the work==
[[File:Judy Chicago The Dinner Party.JPG|thumb|''The Dinner Party'' at the [[Brooklyn Museum]]]]
''The Dinner Party'' was created by artist [[Judy Chicago]], with the assistance of numerous volunteers, with the goal to "end the ongoing cycle of omission in which women were written out of the historical record."<ref name="C10"/>

The table is triangular and measures forty-eight feet (14.63 m) on each side.<ref name="C10">Chicago, 10.</ref> There are 13 place settings on each of the three sides of the table making 39 settings in all. Wing I honors women from Prehistory to the Roman Empire, Wing II honors women from the beginnings of Christianity to the Reformation and Wing III from the American Revolution to feminism.<ref name="C10"/>

Each place setting features a [[table runner]] embroidered with the woman's name and images or symbols relating to her accomplishments, with a napkin, utensils, a glass or goblet, and a plate. Many of the plates feature a butterfly- or flower-like sculpture as a [[vulva]] symbol. A collaborative effort of female and male artisans, ''The Dinner Party'' celebrates traditional female accomplishments such as [[textile arts]] (weaving, embroidery, sewing) and [[china painting]], which have been framed as [[craft]] or [[handicraft|domestic art]], as opposed to the more culturally valued, male-dominated [[fine arts]].<ref name="C10"/>

While this piece is composed of typical craft work such as needlepoint and china painting and normally considered low art, "Chicago made it clear that she wants ''The Dinner Party'' to be viewed as high art, that she still subscribes to this structure of value: 'I'm not willing to say a painting and a pot are the same thing,' she has stated. 'It has to do with intent. I want to make art.'{{-"}}<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Amelia|title=The "Sexual Politics" of the Dinner Party|date=2005|publisher=University of California|location=Berkeley|pages=409–33}}</ref>

The white floor of triangular [[porcelain tile]]s, called the ''Heritage Floor'', is inscribed with [[List of women in the Heritage Floor|the names of a further 999 notable women]] each associated with one of the table place settings.<ref name="C10"/>

''The Dinner Party'' was donated by the [[Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art|Elizabeth A. Sackler Foundation]] to the [[Brooklyn Museum]], where it is now permanently housed within the [[Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art]], which opened in March 2007.<ref>[http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/ Brooklyn Museum] Official website. Accessed Jan 2013</ref>

==Design details==
The completed ''Dinner Party'' took six years and $250,000 to complete, not including volunteer labor.<ref name="one">Lippard, Lucy. "Judy Chicago's Dinner Party". ''Art in America'' 68 (April 1980): 114–126.</ref> The work began modestly as ''Twenty-Five Women Who Were Eaten Alive'', a way in which Chicago could use her "butterfly-vagina" imagery and interest in china painting in a high-art setting.<ref name="one" />

Chicago soon expanded it to include the thirty-nine final women arranged in three groups of thirteen. The triangular shape has significance because it has long been a symbol of the female. It is also an equilateral triangle to represent equality. The number thirteen represents the number of people who were present at the Last Supper, an important comparison for Chicago, as the only people involved there were men.<ref name="one" /> Chicago developed the work on her own for the first three years before bringing in others. Over the next three years, over 400 people contributed to the creation of the work, most of them volunteers. About 125 were called "members of the project", suggesting long-term efforts, and a small group was closely involved with the project for the final three years, including ceramicists, needle-workers, and researchers.<ref name="one" /> The project was organized according to what has been called "benevolent hierarchy" and "non-hierarchical leadership", as Chicago designed most aspects of the work and had the final control over decisions made.<ref name="one" />

The 39 plates themselves start flat and begin to emerge in higher relief towards the very end of the chronology, meant to represent modern woman's gradual independence and equality, though it is still not totally free of societal expectations.<ref name="two">Koplos, Janet. "''The Dinner Party'' Revisited." Art in America 91.5 (May 2003): 75–77.</ref> The work also uses supplementary written information such as banners, timelines, and a three-book exhibition publication to provide background information on each woman included and the process of making the work.<ref name="two" />

==Women represented in the place settings==
The first wing of the triangular table has place settings for female figures from the goddesses of [[prehistory]] through to [[Hypatia of Alexandria|Hypatia]] at the time of the [[Roman Empire]]. This section covers the emergence and decline of the [[Classical antiquity|Classical world]].

The second wing begins with [[Saint Marcella|Marcella]] and covers the rise of [[Christianity]]. It concludes with [[Anna van Schurman]] in the seventeenth century at the time of the [[Protestant Reformation|Reformation]].

The third wing represents the [[Age of Revolution]]. It begins with [[Anne Hutchinson]] and moves through the twentieth century to the final places paying tribute to [[Virginia Woolf]] and [[Georgia O'Keeffe]].

The 39 women with places at the table are:
{{Div col|cols=3}}
'''Wing I: From Prehistory to the Roman Empire''' 
1. [[Greek primordial deities|Primordial Goddess]] 
2. [[Fertility goddess|Fertile Goddess]] 
3. [[Ishtar]] 
4. [[Kali]] 
5. [[Snake Goddess]] 
6. [[Sophia (wisdom)|Sophia]] 
7. [[Amazons|Amazon]] 
8. [[Hatshepsut]] 
9. [[Book of Judith|Judith]] 
10. [[Sappho]] 
11. [[Aspasia]] 
12. [[Boudica|Boadicea]] 
13. [[Hypatia]]

'''Wing II: From the Beginnings of Christianity to the Reformation''' 
14. [[Saint Marcella|Marcella]] 
15. [[Brigit of Kildare|Saint Bridget]] 
16. [[Theodora (6th century)|Theodora]] 
17. [[Hrosvitha]] 
18. [[Trotula]] 
19. [[Eleanor of Aquitaine]] 
20. [[Hildegarde of Bingen]] 
21. [[Petronilla de Meath]] 
22. [[Christine de Pisan]] 
23. [[Isabella d'Este]] 
24. [[Elizabeth I of England|Elizabeth I]] 
25. [[Artemisia Gentileschi]] 
26. [[Anna Maria van Schurman|Anna van Schurman]]

'''Wing III: From the American to the Women's Revolution''' 
27. [[Anne Hutchinson]] 
28. [[Sacajawea]] 
29. [[Caroline Herschel]] 
30. [[Mary Wollstonecraft]] 
31. [[Sojourner Truth]] 
32. [[Susan B. Anthony]] 
33. [[Elizabeth Blackwell (doctor)|Elizabeth Blackwell]] 
34. [[Emily Dickinson]] 
35. [[Ethel Smyth]] 
36. [[Margaret Sanger]] 
37. [[Natalie Barney]] 
38. [[Virginia Woolf]] 
39. [[Georgia O'Keeffe]]
{{Div col end}}

===Women represented in the Heritage Floor===
{{Main|List of women in the Heritage Floor}}
The ''Heritage Floor'', which sits underneath the table, features the names of [[List of women in the Heritage Floor|999 women]] inscribed on white handmade porcelain floor tilings. The tilings cover the full extent of the triangular table area, from the footings at each place setting, continues under the tables themselves and fills the full enclosed area within the three tables. There are 2304 tiles with names spread across more than one tile. The names are written in the [[Palmer Method|Palmer cursive script]], a twentieth century American form. Chicago states that the criteria for a woman's name being included in the floor were one or more of the following:<ref name="Chicago 2007"/>

# She had made a worthwhile contribution to society
# She had tried to improve the lot of other women
# Her life and work had illuminated significant aspects of women's history
# She had provided a role model for a more egalitarian future.

Accompanying the installation are a series of wall panels which explain the role of each woman on the floor and associate her with one of the place settings.<ref name="Chicago 2007">Chicago, Judy. ''The Dinner Party: From Creation to Preservation''. London: Merrell (2007) , Heritage panels , page 289. ISBN 1-85894-370-1.</ref>

==Response==

===Immediate critical response (1980–1981)===
''The Dinner Party'' prompted many varied opinions. Feminist critic [[Lucy Lippard]] stated, "My own initial experience was strongly emotional... The longer I spent with the piece, the more I became addicted to its intricate detail and hidden meanings", and defended the work as an excellent example of the feminist effort.<ref name="one" /> These reactions are echoed by other critics, and the work was glorified by many.<ref name="three">Caldwell, Susan H. "Experiencing ''The Dinner Party''." ''Woman's Art Journal'' 1.2 (Autumn 1980-Winter 1981): 35–37.</ref>

Just as adamant, however, were the immediate criticisms of the work. [[Hilton Kramer]], for example, argued, "''The Dinner Party'' reiterates its theme with an insistence and vulgarity more appropriate, perhaps, to an advertising campaign than to a work of art".<ref name="four">Kramer, Hilton. "Art: Judy Chicago's Dinner Party Comes to Brooklyn Museum." ''The New York Times''. October 17, 1980.</ref> He called the work not only a kitsch object but also "crass and solemn and singleminded", "very bad art,... failed art,... art so mired in the pieties of a cause that it quite fails to acquire any independent artistic life of its own".<ref name="four" />

[[Maureen Mullarkey]] also criticized the work, calling it preachy and untrue to the women it claims to represent.<ref name="four" /> She especially disagreed with the sentiment she labels "turn ‘em upside down and they all look alike", an essentializing of all women which does not respect the feminist cause.<ref name="four" /> Mullarkey also called the hierarchical aspect of the work into question, claiming that Chicago took advantage of her female volunteers.<ref name="five">Mullarkey, Maureen. "''The Dinner Party'' is a Church Supper: Judy Chicago at the Brooklyn Museum." Commonweal Foundation, 1981.</ref>
Similarly, [[Roberta Smith]] stated that "its historical import and social significance may be greater than its aesthetic value".<ref name="six">Smith, Roberta. "Art Review: For a Paean to Heroic Women, a Place at History's Table." ''New York Times''. September 20, 2002.</ref>

Mullarkey focused on several particular plates in her critique of the work, specifically [[Emily Dickinson]], [[Virginia Woolf]], and [[Georgia O'Keeffe]], using these women as examples of why Chicago's work was disrespectful to the women it depicts. She states that Dickinson's "multi-tiered pink lace crotch" was opposite the woman it was meant to symbolize because of Dickinson's extreme privacy.<ref name="five" /> Woolf's inclusion ignores her frustration at the public's curiosity about the gender of writers, and O’Keeffe had similar thoughts, denying that her work had any gendered or sexual meaning.<ref name="five" />

''The Dinner Party'' was satirized by artist [[Maria Manhattan]], whose counter-exhibit ''The Box Lunch'' at a SoHo gallery was billed as "a major art event honoring 39 women of dubious distinction", and ran in November and December 1980.<ref>{{cite web|last1=Manhattan|first1=Maria|title=The Box Lunch|url=http://www.mariamanhattan.com/TheBoxLunch.htm|website=Maria Manhattan}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolf|first1=Bill|title="The Box Lunch" By Maria Manhattan July, 1979|url=http://www.billwolf.org/0128.htm|website=Bill Wolf Installations}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last1=Wolf|first1=Bill|title=The Box Lunch Goes to New York!|url=http://www.billwolf.org/0128T.htm|website=Bill Wolf Installations}}</ref><ref>{{cite book|last1=Newkirk|first1=Walter|title=MemoraBEALEia|date=2008|publisher=AuthorHouse|pages=40–41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tHsR3SuxtkYC&pg=PA40}}</ref>

In response to ''The Dinner Party'' being a collaborative work, Amelia Jones makes note that "Chicago never made exorbitant claims for the 'collaborative' or nonhierarchical nature of the project. She has insisted that it was never conceived or presented as a 'collaborative' project as this notion is generally understood . . . The ''Dinner Party'' project, she insisted throughout, was ''cooperative'', not collaborative, in the sense that it involved a clear hierarchy but cooperative effort to ensure its successful completion." <ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Amelia|title=The "Sexual Politics" of the Dinner Party|date=2005|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|page=219}}</ref>

''New York Times'' art reviewer Roberta Smith declares that all the details are not equal. She believes that "the runners tend to be livelier and more varied than the plates. In addition, the runner grow strong as the work progresses, while the plates become weaker, more monotonous and more overdone, which means the middle two-thirds of the piece is more successful." With the runners becoming more detailed as the work progresses, Smith notes that the backs of the runners are difficult to see and they "may be the best and boldest parts of all." <ref>{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Roberta|title=reporter|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2002/09/20/arts/art-review-for-a-paean-to-heroic-women-a-place-at-history-s-table.html|accessdate=16 December 2014|work=New York Times|publisher=New York Times|date=September 20, 2002}}</ref>

Regarding the place settings, Janet Koplos believes that the plates are meant to serve as canvases, and the goblets offer vertical punctuation. She feels, however, that the "standardized flatware is historically incorrect early on and culturally skewed. The settings would be stronger as plates and runners alone."<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Koplos|first1=Janet|title="The Dinner Party" Revisited|journal=Art in America|date=May 2003|pages=75–77}}</ref>

=== Race and identity ===
In 1984, Hortense J. Spillers published her critical article, "Interstices: A Small Drama of Words". wherein she critiques Judy Chicago and ''The Dinner Party'', asserting that, as a White woman, Chicago recreates the erasure of the Black feminine sexual self. Spillers calls to her defense the place setting of Sojourner Truth, the only Black woman. After thorough review, it can be seen that all of the place settings depict uniquely designed vaginas, except for Sojourner Truth. The place setting of Sojourner Truth is depicted by three faces, rather than a vagina. Spillers writes, "The excision of the female genitalia here is a symbolic castration. By effacing the genitals, Chicago not only abrogates the disturbing sexuality of her subject, but also hopes to suggest that her sexual being did not exist to be denied in the first place..."<ref name="test">[https://books.google.com/books?id=7S29-ASD1HgC&pg=PA197&lpg=PA197&dq=hortense+spillers+interstices#v=onepage&q=hortense%20spillers%20interstices&f=false Routledge Press], Spillers, Hortense j, "Interstices: a small drama of words", from ''Pleasure and Danger: Exploiting Female Sexuality'', ed. Carole Vance (London: Pandora, 1992), pp. 74–80.</ref> Much like Spillers's critique, Alice Walker published her critical essay in ''Ms.'' magazine noting "Chicago's ignorance of women of color in history (specifically black women painters), focusing in particular on ''The Dinner Party'''s representation of black female subjectivity in Sojourner Truth's plate. Walker states, "It occurred to me that perhaps white women feminists, no less than white women generally, can not imagine black women have vaginas. Or if they can, where imagination leads them is too far to go."<ref>{{cite book|last1=Jones|first1=Amelia|title=The "Sexual Politics" of The Dinner Party|date=2005|publisher=University of California Press|location=Berkeley|page=215}}</ref>

===Larger retrospective response===
Critics such as Mullarkey have returned to ''The Dinner Party'' in later years and stated that their opinions have not changed. Many later responses to the work, however, have been more moderate or accepting, even if only by giving the work value based on its continued importance.

[[Amelia Jones]], for example, places the work in the context of both art history and the evolution of feminist ideas to explain critical responses of the work.<ref name="seven">Jones, Amelia. "The ‘Sexual Politics’ of ''The Dinner Party'': A Critical Context." Reclaiming Female Agency. Eds. Norma Broude and Mary D. Garrard. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2005. 409–433.</ref> She discusses Hilton Kramer's objection to the piece as an extension of Modernist ideas about art, stating, "the piece blatantly subverts modernist value systems, which privilege the ‘pure’ aesthetic object over the debased sentimentality of the domestic and popular arts" .<ref name="seven" /> Jones also addresses some critics’ argument that ''The Dinner Party'' is not high art because of its huge popularity and public appeal. Where Kramer saw the work's popularity as a sign that it was of a lesser quality, Lippard and Chicago herself thought that its capability of speaking to a larger audience should be considered a positive attribute.<ref name="seven" />

The "butterfly vagina" imagery continues to be both highly criticized and esteemed. Many conservatives criticized the work for reasons summed up by Congressman [[Robert K. Dornan]] in his statement that it was "ceramic 3-D pornography", but some feminists also found the imagery problematic because of its essentializing, passive nature.<ref name="seven" /> However, the work fits into the feminist movement of the 1970s which glorified and focused on the female body. Other feminists have disagreed with the main idea of this work because it shows a universal female experience, which many argue does not exist. For example, lesbians and women of ethnicities other than white and European are not well represented in the work.<ref name="seven" />

Jones presents the argument regarding the collaborative nature of the project. Many critics attacked Chicago for claiming that the work was a collaboration when instead she was in control of the work. Chicago, however, had never claimed that the work would be this kind of ideal collaboration and always took full responsibility for the piece.<ref name="seven" />

Artist [[Cornelia Parker]] nominated it as a work she would like to see "binned", saying, "Too many vaginas for my liking. I find it all about Judy Chicago's ego rather than the poor women she's supposed to be elevating – we're all reduced to vaginas, which is a bit depressing. It's almost like the biggest piece of victim art you've ever seen. And it takes up so much space! I quite like the idea of trying to fit it in some tiny bin – not a very feminist gesture but I don't think the piece is either."<ref>[https://www.theguardian.com/artanddesign/2010/jan/17/michael-landy-art-bin Michael Landy: modern art is rubbish...], Hermione Hoby, ''The Observer'', Sunday 17 January 2010</ref>

==Controversy at the University of the District of Columbia==
In 1990, ''The Dinner Party'' was considered for permanent housing at the [[University of the District of Columbia]]. It was part of a plan to bring in revenue for the school, as it had proved to be very successful.<ref name="eight"/> The work was to be donated as a gift to the school, and it was to join an expanding collection of African-American art, including a large group of paintings by Washington abstractionist Sam Gilliam and works by Elizabeth Catlett, Romare Bearden, Alma Thomas, Hale Woodruff, Jacob Lawrence and Lois Mailou Jones, among others. These - along with works by a group of local white Color Field painters and some white UDC faculty members also in the university collections - were to become the core of what was presented in early 1990 as a ground-breaking multicultural art center, a hopeful coalition between artists of color, feminists and other artists depicting the struggle for freedom and human equality.<ref name="eight" /> Judy Chicago donated the ''Dinner Party'' with the understanding that one of the school's buildings would be repaired to house it. The money for these repairs had already been allocated and did not come from the school's working budget.<ref name="eight" /> On June 19, 1990, UDC trustees formally accepted the gift of the ''Dinner Party'' by a unanimous vote. Soon, however, news reporters from ''Washington Times'' began writing stories that claimed that the ''Dinner Party'' "had been banned from several art galleries around the country because it depicts women's genitalia on plates" and that the "Board of Trustees will spend nearly $1.6 million to acquire and exhibit a piece of controversial art." <ref name="eight"/> However, misunderstandings about the monetary situation were emphasized and perpetuated by media sources.<ref name="eight" /> Eventually, the plans were cancelled owing to threats to affect the school's working budget.<ref name="eight">{{cite journal|last1=Lippard|first1=Lucy R.|title=Uninvited Guests: How Washington Lost ''The Dinner Party''|journal=Art in America|date=December 1991|issue=79|pages=39–49}}</ref>

==See also==

* ''[[Great Wall of Vagina]]'' artwork by [[Jamie McCartney]], 2008

==References==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*Chicago, Judy. ''The Dinner Party: From Creation to Preservation''. London: Merrell (2007). ISBN 1-85894-370-1.

==Further reading==
*Chicago, Judy. ''The Dinner Party: A Symbol of our Heritage.'' New York: Anchor (1979). ISBN 0-385-14567-5
*Chicago, Judy. ''Through The Flower: My Struggle as A Woman Artist.'' Lincoln: Authors Choice Press (2006). ISBN 0-595-38046-8
*Jones, Amelia. ''Sexual Politics: Judy Chicago's Dinner Party in Feminist Art History.'' Berkeley: University of California Press (1996). ISBN 0-520-20565-0

===Documentary films===
*''Right Out of History: Judy Chicago'', Phoenix Learning Group (2008) (DVD)

==External links==
*[http://www.brooklynmuseum.org/eascfa/dinner_party/index.php ''The Dinner Party''] exhibition website from the Brooklyn Museum, including a searchable database of all the women represented.
*[http://www.throughtheflower.org/page.php?p=10&n=2 ''The Dinner Party''] from Chicago's non-proift organization, Through the Flower.

===Videos===
*{{YouTube|3X6ZsumBiuA|CAFKA.TV's coverage of the opening of the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art, the permanent home of Judy Chicago's ''Dinner Party''}} 28 March 2007
* {{YouTube|O1jxdiuSkRk|Judy Chicago's ''The Dinner Party'' at the Brooklyn Museum}} Video tour of the work and part of the Elizabeth A. Sackler Center for Feminist Art by James Kalm . 28 March 2007. Accessed September 2009.
* {{YouTube|9yMtdWxAc60|''The Dinner Party'' – A Tour of The Exhibition}} 41-minute video where Judy Chicago personally takes viewers on a tour of ''The Dinner Party'', with explanations of how the work was created, as well as special focus on certain place settings. 3 October 2012. Accessed 21 July 2013.

{{DEFAULTSORT:Dinner Party, The}}
[[Category:1979 works]]
[[Category:Installation art works]]
[[Category:Brooklyn Museum]]
[[Category:1996 books]]
[[Category:Books about visual art]]
[[Category:Feminist art]]
[[Category:Feminism and history]]
[[Category:Yonic symbols]]
[[Category:Vagina]]

Károly Huszár

2017-01-10T01:13:51Z

Tahc: {{Heads of State of Hungary}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2012}}
{{Infobox President
| name= Károly Huszár
| image= Huszar Karoly.jpg
| nationality=[[Hungary|Hungarian]]
| order= [[President of Hungary|Head of State of Hungary]] Acting
| term_start=24 November 1919
| term_end=1 March 1920
| predecessor=[[István Friedrich]]
| successor=[[Miklós Horthy]] (Regent)
| order2 = [[List of Prime Ministers of Hungary|Prime Minister of Hungary]]
| president2= ''himself'' [[Miklós Horthy]] as Regent
| term_start2 = 24 November 1919
| term_end2 = 15 March 1920
| predecessor2 = [[István Friedrich]]
| successor2 = [[Sándor Simonyi-Semadam]]
| birth_date={{Birth date|df=yes|1882|09|10}}
| birth_place=[[Nußdorf am Attersee|Nussdorf]], [[Upper Austria]], [[Austria-Hungary]]
| death_date={{Death date and age|df=yes|1941|10|29|1882|09|10}}
| death_place=[[Budapest]], [[Kingdom of Hungary]]
| spouse=
| party=Catholic People's Party, KNEP, Unity Party, Party of National Unity
| profession=politician, teacher
}}
{{eastern name order|sárvári Huszár Károly}}
'''Károly Huszár de Sárvár''' (1882–1941) was a [[Hungary|Hungarian]] politician who served as [[Prime Minister of Hungary|prime minister]] and acting Head of State of Hungary from 1919 to 1920.

==Biography==
Huszár was born in 1882 [[Nussdorf am Attersee]] (now [[Austria]]). In 1919 with the collapse of the communist [[Hungarian Soviet Republic]], he was appointed Minister of Religion and Education in an interim cabinet composed of former members of the anti-Communist government in [[Szeged]].

In November 1919 Huszár was appointed Prime Minister and provisional head of state. He served until the official re-establishment of the [[Kingdom of Hungary (1920-1946)|Kingdom of Hungary]] on 1 March 1920.

Károly Huszár died on 29 October 1941 in Budapest at the age of 59 years.

==References==
* [http://mek.oszk.hu/00300/00355/html/ABC05727/06673.htm Hungarian Biographical Lexicon]
* Macartney, C. A.:October fifteenth : a history of modern Hungary, 1929–1945, p. 23-25. Edinburgh : The University Press, 1957
* Szilassy, Sándor: "Hungary at the Brink of the Cliff 1918–1919", East European Quarterly 3(1), 1969, p. 95-109

{{S-start}}
{{S-off}}
{{succession box|title=[[Minister of Education of Hungary|Minister of Religion and Education]]|before=[[Sándor Imre]]|after=[[István Haller]]|years=1919}}
{{S-bef| rows = 2 | before = [[István Friedrich]] }}
{{S-ttl| title = [[List of Hungarian rulers|Acting Head of State of Hungary]]
| years = 1919–1920 }}
{{S-aft| after = [[Miklós Horthy]] }}
{{S-ttl| title = [[Prime Minister of Hungary]]
| years = 1919–1920 }}
{{S-aft| after = [[Sándor Simonyi-Semadam]] }}
{{S-end}}

{{HungarianPrimeMinisters}}
{{Heads of State of Hungary}}
{{HungarianEducationMinisters}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Huszar Karoly}}
[[Category:Prime Ministers of Hungary]]
[[Category:Education ministers of Hungary]]
[[Category:1882 births]]
[[Category:1941 deaths]]

{{Hungary-politician-stub}}

Ann Allebach

2016-01-20T09:35:40Z

Tahc: added Category:20th-century Anabaptist ministers‎ using HotCat

{{Infobox person
|name = Ann Allebach
|image = Allebach Ann MennYearbook1919.jpg
|image_size = 190
|caption = Allebach, {{circa|1916}}
|alt = Ann Allebach photo portrait wearing a black gown and mortarboard
|birth_name = Ann Jemima Allebach
|birth_date = {{Birth date|1874|05|08}}
|birth_place = [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]]
|death_date = {{Death date and age|1918|04|27|1874|5|8}}
|death_place = [[New York City]]
|party = [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive Party]]{{sfn|''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle''|1913|p=15}}
|occupation = Mennonite minister
}}

'''Ann Jemima Allebach''' (May 8, 1874 – April 27, 1918) was an American minister, educator and [[suffragette]]. She was the first woman ordained as a [[Mennonite]] minister in North America,{{sfn|Fretz|1990}}{{sfn|Skinner Keller|2006|p=268}} on January 15, 1911.{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}} There was not another Mennonite woman ordained until 1973.{{sfn|Skinner Keller|2006|p=268}}

Allebach was the first woman ever chosen from [[Kings County, New York]], to be a delegate to a national political convention. She was chosen for the [[1912 Republican National Convention]] held in Chicago but was not allowed to attend. She was a delegate from the Eighteenth Assembly District of the State Convention of the [[Progressive Party (United States, 1912)|Progressive Party]] at Syracuse.{{sfn|''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle''|1913|p=15}}

== Early life and education ==
Allebach was born on May 8, 1874{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} in [[Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]], and grew up near [[Schwenksville, Pennsylvania|Schwenksville]].{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}} Her parents were Sarah Markley Allebach and Jacob R. Allebach, who was a banker and postmaster.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} As a child, she founded a chapter of [[Young People's Society of Christian Endeavour]] in her hometown.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} In 1893, she became a principal of a school in [[East Orange, New Jersey]], and began her college studies.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} She studied at [[Ursinus College]], [[New York University]], [[Columbia University]], and [[Union Theological Seminary (New York City)|Union Theological Seminary]].{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}} Following her studies, she taught at [[Perkiomen Seminary]] in [[Pennsburg, Pennsylvania]].{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}}

==Later life==
===Ordination===
She requested ordination from the minister of her home church and a minister in Philadelphia.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} They agreed to her request,{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} though the culture in that part of Pennsylvania would remain generally opposed to women ministers for several decades.{{sfn|Skinner Keller|2006|p=268}} She was ordained on 15 January 1911 at the First Mennonite Church in Philadelphia.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} Following her ordination, she returned to [[New York City]], living in [[Brooklyn]].{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}}

In June 1913 she said:
{{Quote|text= I foresee and foretell the time when, under good citizenship in the right sense and equality, an Americanized continent shall contemplate and inspire an Americanized world. Not a world or continents under single or similar control, but with governments moralized and spiritualized with the principles of liberty, equality, justice and opportunity regulated by righteous law, inspired by a righteous people, loving right, hating evil, helping the weak and restoring humanity to the plane of human brotherhood and sisterhood whereon it shall walk hand in hand with the Divine Fatherhood.{{sfn|''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle''|1913|p=15}}
|author=Rev. Ann Allebach}}

===Right to preach and suffrage===
After returning to New York City, she spoke out about women's right to preach, and was also outspoken in supporting women's right to vote.{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}} In Brooklyn, she preached at the Marcy Avenue Baptist Church from 1913–1915.{{sfn|''The Brooklyn Daily Eagle''|1916|p=9}} She also ministered to the poor, and was asked by the Mayor of New York to organize a conference on home religion and social services.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} She was frequently invited back to Pennsylvania to preach.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} In 1916, she was called to be the minister for the Sunnyside Reformed Church on [[Long Island]].{{sfn|Fretz|1990}}

==Death and legacy==
On April 27, 1918, she died of a heart attack.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}} She was the first ordained Mennonite minister in North America.{{sfn|Fretz|1990}}{{sfn|Skinner Keller|2006|p=268}}{{sfn|''The Reading Eagle''|1911|p=14}}

== References ==
{{reflist|30em}}

== Sources ==
*{{cite encyclopedia|ref=harv| last=Fretz | first=J. Herbert | title=Allebach, Ann Jemima (1874–1918) | encyclopedia=Global Anabaptist Mennonite Encyclopedia Online | year=1990 | access-date=5 Dec 2015 | url=http://gameo.org/index.php?title=Allebach,_Ann_Jemima_%281874-1918%29}}
*{{cite encyclopedia |ref={{harvid|Skinner Keller|2006}}| title=Women of Anabaptist Traditions | encyclopedia=Encyclopedia of Women and Religion in North America: Women and religion: methods of study and reflection | volume=1 | first1=Rosemary | last1=Skinner Keller | first2=Rosemary | last2=Radford Ruether |first3=Marie | last3=Cantlon | publisher=Indiana University Press | year=2006 | isbn=0-253-34685-1 | url=http://books.google.com/books?id=EoJrHDirVQUC&pg=PA2685}}
*{{cite news|newspaper=The Reading Eagle | date=December 20, 1911 | author= | title=Rev. Ann J. Allebach, Known in Berks, Speaks of Work | location=Reading, Pennsylvania | url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1955&dat=19111220&id=frQhAAAAIBAJ&sjid=HpwFAAAAIBAJ&pg=3416,5772530&hl=en | access-date=December 5, 2015|ref={{harvid|''The Reading Eagle''|1911}}}}
*{{cite news|title=True Spirit of the Ballot is Humanitarian|accessdate=27 December 2015|newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|location=New York|page=15|date=June 8, 1913|via=[[Newspapers.com]]}}
*{{cite news|title=Miss Allebach to Preach|accessdate=27 December 2015|newspaper=The Brooklyn Daily Eagle|location=New York|page=9|date=January 15, 1916|via=Newspapers.com}}

{{Authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Allebach, Ann}}
[[Category:Female Christian clergy]]
[[Category:Ursinus College alumni]]
[[Category:New York University alumni]]
[[Category:Columbia University alumni]]
[[Category:Mennonite ministers]]
[[Category:Suffragists]]
[[Category:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania]]
[[Category:Clergy from New York City]]
[[Category:People from Brooklyn]]
[[Category:1874 births]]
[[Category:1918 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Anabaptist ministers‎]]

Ælfwine von Winchester

2015-11-24T03:12:51Z

Tahc: added Category:11th-century bishops using HotCat

{{Other uses|Ælfwine (disambiguation)}}
__NOTOC__
{{Infobox Christian leader
| type = Bishop
| name = Ælfwine
| title = [[Bishop of Winchester]]
| image =
| alt =
| caption =
| church = Catholic
| archdiocese =
| diocese =
| see = [[Diocese of Winchester]]
| appointed =1032
| term_end =29 August 1047
| predecessor = [[Aelfsige II]]
| successor = [[Stigand]]

| ordination =
| ordinated_by =
| consecration = 1032
| consecrated_by =
| rank =

| birth_date =
| birth_place =
| death_date = 29 August 1047
| death_place =
| previous_post =
}}

'''Ælfwine''' (died 1047) was [[Bishop of Winchester]] from 1032 until his death. He was one of King [[Cnut the Great|Cnut]]'s priests prior to his appointment as bishop, and became a powerful and influential figure at Cnut's court. From 1033 he was a frequent charter witness, usually third after the two archbishops,<ref name=Smith164>Smith "Preferment of Royal Clerks" ''Haskins Society Journal'' p. 164</ref><ref>Maddicott, p. 657</ref> and [[Goscelin]] stated that he helped to persuade Cnut to allow the relics of [[Mildthryth|St. Mildryth]] to be translated to [[St Augustine's Abbey]], [[Canterbury]]. He was also a supporter of the nuns of Winchester, especially Ælfgiva, the daughter of Earl Æthelwold who was called the ‘abbess of Cologne’.<ref name=Mason/>

Ælfwine must have maintained his position in the early 1040s as one of King [[Harthacnut]]'s charters grants him a hide of land.<ref>Maddicott, pp.657-658</ref> According to an account in the twelfth century [[Quadripartitus]] which the historian [[John Maddicott]] found convincing, he was responsible together with [[Godwin, Earl of Wessex|Earl Godwin of Wessex]], for inviting the future king [[Edward the Confessor]] to return to England in 1041, and in 1042 he witnessed a charter of Harthacnut's together with Edward, Godwin, and Edward and Harthacnut's mother, [[Emma of Normandy|Emma]].<ref>Maddicott, pp. 656, 658.</ref> As a secular bishop in a monastic cathedral he was unpopular, and this was probably a factor in a famous legend that he was Emma's lover. She was said to have disproved the charge by walking barefoot unharmed over burning ploughshares.<ref>Stafford, pp. 19-21</ref><ref>Maddicott, p. 658</ref><ref name =Mason>Mason, Ælfwine</ref>

After Edward's accession as king in 1042 Ælfwine's career reached a new peak. Edward was crowned in Ælfwine's own church of Winchester, and he witnessed Edward's first surviving charter in third position, after Emma and the Archbishop of Canterbury. From then until his death he witnessed twenty charters out of twenty-two, more than any other prelate. In 1044 Edward granted him the valuable manor of Witney, rated at thirty hides, a grant "to his familiar bishop", "a reward for his faithful service which he has faithfully shown obedience to me." No other churchman approached Ælfwine's standing in the early years of Edward's reign.<ref>Maddicott, pp. 658-659</ref> He died on 29 August 1047.<ref name=Handbook223>Fryde, et al., p. 223</ref>

==Notes==
{{reflist|40em}}

==References==

* {{cite journal |last = Maddicott | first = J. R. |authorlink = John Maddicott |year = 2004 |title = Edward the Confessor's Return to England in 1041 | journal = English Historical Review |url = http://ehr.oxfordjournals.org.ezproxy.londonlibrary.co.uk/content/119/482/650.full.pdf+html |volume=CXIX |number = 482 |pages = 650–666 |publisher = Oxford University Press |doi=10.1093/ehr/119.482.650}}
* {{cite book |last=Mason |first=Emma |contribution=Ælfwine (d. 1047) |year=2004 |title=Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |format={{ODNBsub}} |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University Press |url=http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/197}}
* {{cite book |author1=Fryde, E. B. |author2=Greenway, D. E. |author3=Porter, S. |author4=Roy, I. |title=Handbook of British Chronology|edition=Third revised |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge |year=1996 |isbn=0-521-56350-X }}
* {{cite conference |author=Smith, Mary Frances | title=The Preferment of Royal Clerks in the Reign of Edward the Confessor |conference=Haskins Society Journal: Studies in Medieval History |volume=9 (1997) |year=2001 | publisher=Boydell |location=Woodbridge, UK |editor=Lewis, C. P. | isbn=0-85115-831-5 |pages=159–174 }}
* {{cite book |last = Stafford |first = Pauline |authorlink =Pauline Stafford |title=Queen Emma & Queen Edith:Queenship and Women's Power in Eleventh-Century England |year = 2001 | publisher=Blackwell |location =Oxford}}

==External links==
* [http://www.pase.ac.uk/jsp/DisplayPerson.jsp?personKey=13830 Prosopography of Anglo Saxon England entry for Ælfwine]

{{s-start}}
{{s-rel|ca}}
{{s-bef| before=[[Aelfsige II]] }}
{{s-ttl| title=[[Bishop of Winchester]]| years= 1032–1047 }}
{{s-aft | after=[[Stigand]] }}
{{s-end}}

{{Bishops of Winchester}}

{{Persondata
|NAME=Ælfwine
|ALTERNATIVE NAMES=
|SHORT DESCRIPTION=Bishop of Winchester
|DATE OF BIRTH=
|PLACE OF BIRTH=
|DATE OF DEATH=29 August 1047
|PLACE OF DEATH=
}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Aelfwine}}
[[Category:Bishops of Winchester]]
[[Category:1047 deaths]]
[[Category:Year of birth unknown]]
[[Category:11th-century bishops]]
{{UK-bishop-stub}}

Orthodox Anglican Church

2015-07-06T20:39:43Z

Tahc: use a non-pov verb

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Because of similarities in churchmanship and doctrine, it is usually considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church's origins predate the start of that movement and it was publicly critical of the Continuing Anglican churches when they were founded during the late 1970s.

==History==
This church was founded in 1963 as the "Anglican Orthodox Church." Its founders intended to establish a conservative, low church, alternative to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal polity with [[apostolic succession]] was maintained with the consecration of Bishop James Parker Dees by bishops of [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lineages.

In 1999, Bishop Robert Godfrey, and a majority of the church's clergy met in committee and determined to align the church more closely with the Continuing Anglican churches in worship style. A name change was also made. In opposition, lay leaders close to the founding bishop and a minority of the clergy subsequently negotiated a legal settlement to divide the church's property and form a new church with the original beliefs and name (Anglican Orthodox Church).

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]].

In 2005, the jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592</ref>

Bishop Godfrey and Bishop McLaughlin were signatories to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999. In 2007, Bishop McLaughlin signed a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref> The Old Catholic Church of Slovakia had seceded from the Utrecht Union in 2004 because of the Union's approval of women's ordination and same-sex blessings.

On Ash Wednesday 2012, Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and the nomination of the [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. That nomination was confirmed by the General Convention on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

In 2014, the church celebrated 50 years as a jurisdiction of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church and also marked the 50th anniversary of its incorporation in the state of North Carolina (March 6, 2014).

On November 16, AD 2014 Archbishop Jones announced his retirement and nominated his Suffragan, Thomas Gordon, to be his successor. On April 18, 2015 a Special General Convention of the church was held and delegates from the U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico unanimously approved of the nomination. [[Thomas Gordon (bishop)|Thomas E. Gordon]] was enthroned the same day as the sixth Presiding Bishop of the Orthodox Anglican Church, and Metropolitan of the Orthodox Anglican Communion.

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church had been dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002.

The Orthodox Anglican Church's offices are in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]]. The Presiding Bishop of the American church,[[Thomas Gordon (bishop)|Thomas E. Gordon]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]
*[http://charlotteanglican.org/uploads/apostolic_succession_orthodox_anglican_church_2015.pdf Apostolic Succession in the Orthodox Anglican Church]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]
[[Category:Anglican denominations in North America]]
[[Category:Anglicanism in the United States]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2015-04-21T17:07:41Z

Tahc: /* History */ Thomas Gordon (bishop)|Thomas E. Gordon

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Because of similarities in churchmanship and doctrine, it is usually considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church's origins predate the start of that movement and it was publicly critical of the Continuing Anglican churches when they were founded during the late 1970s.

==History==
This church was founded in 1963 as the "Anglican Orthodox Church." Its founders intended to establish a conservative, low church, alternative to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal polity with [[apostolic succession]] was maintained with the consecration of Bishop James Parker Dees by bishops of [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lineages.

In 1999, Bishop Dees' successor, Bishop Robert Godfrey, and a majority of the church's clergy met in committee and determined to align the church more closely with the Continuing Anglican churches in worship style. A name change was also approved. In opposition, lay leaders close to the founding bishop and a minority of the clergy subsequently negotiated a legal settlement to divide the church's property and form a new church with the original beliefs and name (Anglican Orthodox Church).

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]].

In 2005, the jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592</ref>

Bishop Godfrey and Bishop McLaughlin were signatories to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999. In 2007, Bishop McLaughlin signed a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref> The Old Catholic Church of Slovakia had seceded from the Utrecht Union in 2004 because of the Union's approval of women's ordination and same-sex blessings.

On Ash Wednesday 2012, Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and the nomination of the [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. That nomination was confirmed by the General Convention on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

In 2014, the church celebrated 50 years as a jurisdiction of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church and also marked the 50th anniversary of its incorporation in the state of North Carolina (March 6, 2014).

On November 16, AD 2014 Archbishop Jones announced his retirement and nominated his Suffragan, Thomas Gordon, to be his successor. On April 18, 2015 a Special General Convention of the church was held and delegates from the U.S., Canada, and Puerto Rico unanimously approved of the nomination. [[Thomas Gordon (bishop)|Thomas E. Gordon]] was enthroned the same day as the the sixth Presiding Bishop of the Orthodox Anglican Church, and Metropolitan of the Orthodox Anglican Communion.

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church had been dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002.

The Orthodox Anglican Church's offices are in [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]]. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]
*[http://charlotteanglican.org/uploads/apostolic_succession_orthodox_anglican_church_2015.pdf Apostolic Succession in the Orthodox Anglican Church]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]
[[Category:Anglican denominations in North America]]
[[Category:Anglicanism in the United States]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2014-12-11T17:06:15Z

Tahc: Rvt-- Wikipedia is not censored

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Because of similarities in churchmanship and doctrine, it is usually considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church's origins predate the start of that movement and it was publicly critical of the Continuing Anglican churches when they were founded during the late 1970s.

==History==
This church was founded in 1963 as the "Anglican Orthodox Church." Its founders intended to establish a conservative, low church, alternative to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal polity with [[apostolic succession]] was maintained with the consecration of Bishop James Parker Dees by bishops of [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lineages. The church is enjoined by legal documents to refrain from use of the name Anglican Orthodox Church or of the name of Bishop Dees in in expressions of its history or theology.{{fact}}

In 1999, Bishop Dees' successor, Bishop Robert Godfrey, and a majority of the church's clergy met in committee and determined to align the church more closely with the Continuing Anglican churches in worship style. A name change was also approved. In opposition, lay leaders close to the founding bishop and a minority of the clergy subsequently negotiated a legal settlement to divide the church's property and form a new church with the original beliefs and name (Anglican Orthodox Church).

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]].

In 2005, the jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592</ref>

Bishop Godfrey and Bishop McLaughlin were signatories to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999. In 2007, Bishop McLaughlin signed a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref> The Old Catholic Church of Slovakia had seceded from the Utrecht Union in 2004 because of the Union's approval of women's ordination and same-sex blessings.

On Ash Wednesday 2012, Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and the nomination of the [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. That nomination was confirmed by the General Convention on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

In 2014, the church will celebrate 50 years as a jurisdiction of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church and also mark the 50th anniversary of its incorporation in the state of North Carolina (March 6, 2014).

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church had been dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002. It is headquartered in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]].

The Orthodox Anglican Church's offices are in [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]]. In 2013, it reported having 6 parishes or missions in affiliation. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]
[[Category:Anglican denominations in North America]]
[[Category:Anglicanism in the United States]]

Hugh Nibley

2014-08-20T16:58:52Z

Tahc: /* Scholarship */ Evangelical scholars Mosser and Owen

{{Infobox person
|name = Hugh Winder Nibley
|image = Hugh Nibley.jpg
|image_size = 200px
|caption =
|birth_date = {{birth date|1910|3|27}}
|birth_place = [[Portland, Oregon]]
|death_date = {{death date and age|2005|2|24|1910|3|27}}
|death_place = [[Provo, Utah]]<ref name=revered>{{cite news | author=Moore, Carrie A. | title=Revered LDS scholar Hugh Nibley dies at 94 | date=February 26, 2005 | work=[[Deseret Morning News]] | url=http://www.deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,600114671,00.html | accessdate=2010-03-30}}</ref>
|death_cause = Natural causes
|resting_place =
|resting_place_coordinates =
|residence =
|nationality = [[United States|American]]
|known_for =
|education =
|alma_mater = [[University of California, Los Angeles]] [[University of California, Berkeley]]
|occupation = Scholar, historian, author, professor
|home_town = [[Portland, Oregon]]
|title =
|term =
|party = [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]]
|religion = [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]]
|spouse = Phyllis Nibley
|children = 8
|relatives =
|signature =
|website =
}}
'''Hugh Winder Nibley''' (March 27, 1910 – February 24, 2005) was an American author, [[Mormon apologetics|Mormon apologist]], and professor at [[Brigham Young University]] (BYU). His works, while not official positions of [[The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints]] (LDS Church), mainly attempt to demonstrate archaeological, linguistic, and historical evidence for the claims of [[Joseph Smith]], and are highly regarded within the LDS community.

A prolific author and professor of Biblical and Mormon [[sacred text|scripture]] at BYU, he was fluent in numerous languages,<ref>{{cite web |url=http://content.lib.utah.edu/u?/UU_EAD,1895 |title=The Hugh Nibley Papers |accessdate=2008-06-14 |author= |last= |first= |authorlink= |coauthors= |date= |year= |month= |work= |publisher=University of Utah Marriott Library Special Collections |pages= |language= |doi= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote=Hugh Nibley (1910-2005) was a popular LDS Church scholar. He did extensive research on ancient languages and culture, culminating in many publications. He was a professor of ancient scripture at Brigham Young University and was fluent in numerous languages. }}</ref> including [[Classical Latin]], [[Ancient Greek language|Greek]], [[Hebrew language|Hebrew]], [[Egyptian language|Egyptian]], [[Coptic language|Coptic]], [[Arabic language|Arabic]], [[German language|German]], [[French language|French]], [[English language|English]], [[Italian language|Italian]], and [[Spanish language|Spanish]]. He studied [[Dutch language|Dutch]] and [[Russian language|Russian]] during World War II. He also studied [[Bulgarian language|Old Bulgarian]] and [[Old English]], and his fluency in [[Old Norse]] was reportedly sufficient to enable him to read an entire encyclopedia in [[Norwegian language|Norwegian]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2009}}

Nibley wrote and lectured on LDS scripture and doctrinal topics, publishing many articles in [[Ensign (LDS magazine)|LDS Church magazines]]. His ''An Approach to the Book of Mormon'' was adopted in 1957 as a religious lesson manual by the LDS Church.

==Biography==
Hugh Nibley was born in [[Portland, Oregon]] a son of Alexander Nibley and Agnes Sloan.<ref>new.familysearch.org listing for Hugh Nibley accessed May 15th, 2008 {{Verify credibility|date=April 2011}}</ref> Alexander Nibley was the son of [[Charles W. Nibley]] and his wife Rebecca Neibaur. Alexander served from 1906-1907 as president of the Netherlands Mission of the LDS Church.<ref>Jenson, Andrew. ''LDS Biographical Encyclopedia'', Vol 4, p. 355</ref> Rebecca was the daughter of [[Alexander Neibaur]] a Jewish native of [[Alsace]] who had moved to England and converted to Mormonism. She later joined the LDS church and emigrated to America.<ref>Cornwall, J. Spencer. ''Stories of Our Mormon Hymns'', p. 246-247</ref> Nibley married Phyllis Draper in September 1946 and the couple had eight children.

At age seventeen, Nibley became an [[Missionary (LDS Church)|LDS missionary]] in Germany, and served for two-and-a-half years, from 1927<ref>{{cite journal | title=Youth and Beauty: The Correspondence of Hugh Nibley | author=Petersen, Boyd | authorlink=Boyd Petersen | journal=[[BYU Studies]] | pages=8, 19, 20 | date=1997–1998 | volume=37 | issue=2 | url=http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/u?/byustudies,2447 | accessdate=2009-03-26}}</ref> to 1930.<ref>{{cite book | author=Petersen, Boyd | authorlink= Boyd Petersen | title=Hugh Nibley: A Consecrated Life | publisher=Greg Kofford Books | year=2002 | location=Salt Lake City | page= | url= | accessdate=2009-03-26 | isbn=1-58958-020-6}}</ref>

Nibley began his studies at [[University of California, Los Angeles]], graduating [[Wiktionary:summa cum laude|summa cum laude]], and earned a [[Doctor of Philosophy|doctorate]] as a University Fellow at the [[University of California, Berkeley]] in 1938. He wanted to explore the phenomenon of the mob in ancient Rome for his thesis, but his graduate committee rejected it as irrelevant to modern civilization.<ref>Hugh Nibley and Alex Nibley, ''Sergeant Nibley PhD.: Memories of an Unlikely Screaming Eagle'', Salt Lake City: Shadow Mountain, '''2006''', p 12.</ref>

During [[World War II]], he enlisted as a private, but eventually became a [[Master Sergeant]] working in military intelligence for the [[101st Airborne Division]] of the [[United States Army]], the famed "Screaming Eagles". He was with the division behind [[Utah Beach]] during the [[D-Day]] invasion, landed by glider at [[Eindhoven]] as part of [[Operation Market Garden]], and witnessed the aftermath of [[Nazism|Nazi]] [[concentration camp]]s.

At the request of [[Apostle (Mormonism)|Apostle]] [[John A. Widtsoe]], he became a professor at [[Brigham Young University]] in 1946, teaching history, languages, and religion. Nibley served as a faculty member at the LDS Church owned school until his official retirement in 1975, but he continued teaching until 1994. During his final years as a professor emeritus, and prior to his last illness, Nibley maintained a small office in the [[Harold B. Lee]] Library at BYU, where he worked on his [[masterpiece|magnum opus]] titled ''One Eternal Round'', which focuses on the [[Hypocephalus of Sheshonq|hypocephalus]] ("Facsimile 2") in the [[Book of Abraham]]. He turned over the materials for his last book to [[Foundation for Ancient Research and Mormon Studies|FARMS]] in the late months of 2002. It was published in March 2010 in commemoration of the 100th anniversary of his birth.<ref>[http://mi.byu.edu/publications/insights/?vol=27&num=2&id=497 "Contributions Sought for Completion of the Collected Works of Hugh Nibley"] ''Insights,'' Volume 27, Issue 2. Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute</ref> Late in his life, Nibley gave authorization to have his biography written, and it was published just two years before his death. This was followed in 2006 by a detailed account of his World War II years, edited by his son Alex Nibley.<ref>Nibley, Alex, "Sergeant Nibley PhD: Memories of an Unlikely Screaming Eagle". Salt Lake City: Shadow Mountain, 2006. ISBN 1-57345-845-7.</ref>

After being confined to bed by illness for over two years, Nibley died on February 24, 2005 in his home in [[Provo, Utah]] at the age of 94.<ref name=revered/>

Just after his death, Nibley's daughter [[Martha Beck]] published a book, ''Leaving the Saints: How I Lost the Mormons and Found My Faith'', describing the circumstances of how she left the LDS Church, and saying that in 1990 she had recovered [[repressed memories]] of childhood sexual abuse by her father.<ref name="Wyatt">{{cite news |url= http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9A04E6DA163DF937A15751C0A9639C8B63&pagewanted=all |title= A Mormon Daughter's Book Stirs a Storm |newspaper= New York Times |last= Wyatt |first= Edward |date= 2005-02-24 |accessdate= 2013-02-04 }}</ref>
The allegations received national publicity.<ref>{{cite news |title= Daughter's Denunciation of Historian Roils Mormon Church |url= http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2005/05/07/AR2005050700981.html |newspaper= The Washington Post |date= 2005-05-09 |accessdate= 2013-01-23}} {{cite news |title=Memoir details alleged sex abuse in Mormon home | url=http://www.heraldextra.com/news/local/memoir-details-alleged-sex-abuse-in-mormon-home/article_9f3ec54a-c755-5895-abd7-3473f7e00056.html |newspaper=Daily Herald (Utah) |date=2005-03-12 |accessdate=2013-02-05}} {{cite news |title= Saint Misbehavin' | url= http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/2005-04-21/speakeasy/saint-misbehavin/full |newspaper=Phoenix New Times |date=2005-04-21 |accessdate=2013-02-05}}</ref> Nibley had long been aware of the allegations and denied them.<ref>{{cite news |title=Rebel Mormon's memoir ignites a furor | url=http://www.sltrib.com/ci_2555256 |newspaper=The Salt Lake Tribune |date=2005-02-05 |accessdate=2013-02-05}}</ref> Beck's seven siblings responded to the book, issuing a statement saying that these accusations against their father were false.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/nibleyfamilystatement.php|title=Nibley Family's Response to Martha Beck's ''Leaving the Saints''|year=2005|publisher=[http://www.byu.edu Brigham Young University]|accessdate=2007-04-02}} (Statement released by the Nibley family){{Dead link|date=November 2013}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,600109810,00.html|title=Nibley siblings outraged over sister's book|first=Dennis|last=Lythgoe|publisher=Deseret News|date=2005-02-05|accessdate=2007-04-24}} (Reactions of individual siblings)</ref> Boyd Petersen, Nibley's biographer and son in law, also rejected Beck's claims.<ref>{{Citation |title=Response to Leaving the Saints |last=Petersen |first=Boyd |year=2005 |publisher=Maxwell Institute of Religion |url=http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/review/?vol=17&num=2&id=587}}</ref><ref>{{Cite book |title=Hugh Nibley: A Consecrated Life |last=Petersen |first=Boyd |publisher=Greg Kofford Books|pages=400–401 |year=2002}}</ref>

===Social and political viewpoints===
Nibley's viewpoints marked him as atypical of Mormon stereotypes. He was an active [[Democratic Party (United States)|Democrat]] and an ardent [[conservation movement|conservationist]], and often criticized [[Republican Party (United States)|Republican]] policies. He was strongly opposed to the United States' involvement in the [[Vietnam War]] during an era "when it was very unpopular in LDS culture to do so."<ref>Peterson, Boyd Jay. ''Hugh Nibley, A Consecrated Life: The Authorized Biography of Hugh Nibley''. Salt Lake City: Kofford Books. 2002. ISBN 1-58958-020-6. See also http://www.koffordbooks.com/nibley.shtml for excerpts from the book.</ref> He authored ''[[Approaching Zion]]'', an indictment of [[capitalism]] and endorsement of the [[law of consecration]].

Nibley was also bothered by what he saw as the unthinking, sometimes almost [[dogma]]tic application of some portions of [[Brigham Young University]]'s [[honor code]]. Nibley had no objection to requirements of [[law of chastity|chastity]] or obeying the [[Word of Wisdom]], but he thought the often intense scrutiny directed at grooming (hairstyles and clothing) was misguided. In 1973, he said, "The worst sinners, according to Jesus, are not the harlots and publicans, but the religious leaders with their insistence on proper dress and grooming, their careful observance of all the rules, their precious concern for status symbols, their strict legality, their pious patriotism... the haircut becomes the test of virtue in a world where Satan deceives and rules by appearances."<ref>Waterman, Brian and Kagel, Brian Kagel. ''The Lord’s University: Freedom and Authority at BYU''. Signature Books. 1998. ISBN 1-56085-117-1</ref>

Nibley further criticized LDS culture for what he saw as its acceptance of folksy [[kitsch]] art over good art; favoring trade-journal jingles over doctrine in sermons; and tearing down pioneer structures in favor of trendy new buildings.<ref name=Leaders>{{cite web |url=http://speeches.byu.edu/reader/reader.php?id=2553 |title=Leaders and Managers |accessdate=2008-06-14 |author= |last=Nibley |first=Hugh |authorlink= |coauthors= |date=1983-08-19 |year= |month= |work=Speeches |publisher=Brigham Young University |pages= |language= |doi= |archiveurl= |archivedate= |quote=If the management does not go for Bach, very well, there will be no Bach in the meeting; if management favors vile, sentimental doggerel verse extolling the qualities that make for success, young people everywhere will be spouting long trade-journal jingles from the stand; if the management's taste in art is what will sell—trite, insipid, folksy kitsch—that is what we will get; if management finds maudlin, saccharine commercials appealing, that is what the public will get; if management must reflect the corporate image in tasteless, trendy new buildings, down come the fine old pioneer monuments.}}</ref>

==Scholarship==
Nibley, along with [[B. H. Roberts]], is one of the most influential apologists within Mormonism. He was praised by Evangelical scholars Mosser and Owen for his ability to draw upon historical sources to provide evidence for [[Latter-day Saint]] beliefs.{{fact}} Nibley's research ranges from [[Ancient Egypt|Egyptian]], to [[Hebrews|Hebrew]] and early [[Christian]] histories, and he often took his notes in a mix of [[Gregg shorthand]], Arabic, Hebrew, Greek, and Egyptian. Nibley "insisted on reading the relevant primary and secondary sources in the original and could read Arabic, Coptic, Dutch, Egyptian, French, German, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Latin, Old Norse, Russian and other languages at sight." In a perceptive critique, [[William J. Hamblin]], a colleague of Nibley's at BYU, remarked that "Nibley's methodology consists more of comparative literature than history."<ref>Hamblin, William J. (1990) "[http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=review&id=38 Time Vindicates Hugh Nibley]". ''FARMS Review of Books''. Provo, Utah: Maxwell Institute. Volume 2, Issue 1, pp. 119-127.</ref> Douglas F. Salmon has examined in depth Nibley's comparative method, focusing on the latter's work on Enoch.<ref>Salmon, Douglas F. "[http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=/dialogue&CISOPTR=11018&CISOSHOW=10936&REC=3 Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?]" ''Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought''. Salt Lake City, Utah. Summer 2000. Volume 33, Number 2, pp. 129-156.</ref>

Among other topics Nibley wrote about were [[Temple (LDS Church)|LDS Temples]], the historical [[Enoch (ancestor of Noah)|Enoch]], and similarities between Christian [[Gnostic]] and Latter-day Saint beliefs, and what he believed were anti-Mormon works. He wrote a brief and somewhat emotional response to [[Fawn M. Brodie|Fawn M. Brodie's]] ''[[No Man Knows My History]]'', which was titled ''No Ma'am, That's Not History''.<ref>{{citation |last= Nibley |first= Hugh W. |authorlink= Hugh Nibley |title= No, Ma'am, That's Not History |url= http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/transcripts/?id=47 |location= Provo, Utah |publisher= [[Maxwell Institute]] }}</ref> Nibley also published scholarly articles in peer-reviewed journals on topics without direct reference to Mormonism. One such article that is still cited in works in the field of Roman Studies was on ''sparsiones''.<ref>Nibley, Hugh, "Sparsiones," ''The Classical Journal'' 40.9 (Jun., 1945), 515-543</ref> His Berkeley dissertation was on Roman Festival Games. He published in such journals as ''Classical Journal'', ''Western Political Quarterly'', ''Western Speech'', ''Jewish Quarterly Review, Church History, Revue de Qumran, Vigililae Christianae, The Historian, The American Political Science Review,'' and the ''Encyclopaedia Judaica''. His essay, "The Passing of the Church: Forty Variations on an Unpopular Theme," which was published in the peer-reviewed journal ''Church History'', touched off a short but furious debate within the journal's pages in 1961.<ref>Louis Midgley, "Hugh Winder Nibley: Bibliography and Register," in ''By Study and Also by Faith: Essays in Honor of Hugh W. Nibley'', ed. John M. Lundquist and Stephen D. Ricks (Salt Lake City: Deseret Book and FARMS, 1990), 1:xv—lxxxvii.</ref>

He turned away from scholarly publications in favor of LDS publications in the mid-nineteen sixties. Significantly his Mormon publications often drew more attention than many of his peer-reviewed works; for example, a lengthy discussion in the pages of ''[[Catholic Biblical Quarterly]]'' that ran in 1950-51 about his ''Improvement Era'' article, "Baptism for the Dead in Ancient Times". Nibley has also received praise from prominent non-LDS scholars such as [[Aziz S. Atiya]], [[David Riesman]], [[Robert M. Grant (theologian)|Robert M. Grant]], [[Jacob Neusner]], [[James Charlesworth]], [[Cyrus Gordon]], [[Raphael Patai]], [[Margaret Barker]], [[Matthew Black]], George MacRae, [[Joseph Fitzmyer]], David F. Wright, and [[Jacob Milgrom]].{{Citation needed|date=September 2011}}

===Original Etymology===
Nibley proposed new translations of some important words, only a few of which are mentioned here.

*[[Aten]] - Usually translated as "disk." However, Dr. Nibley pointed out that it should be translated as "globe," "orb" or "sphere," judging from its three-dimensional shape in high-relief inscriptions.

*[[Kefa]] - Nibley pointed out that in Arabic and Aramaic this word refers to a green crystalline stone used for purposes of divination. Its best translation is perhaps "Seerstone". In the Greek New Testament it appears as ''Kefas'', in the English New Testament as [[Cephas]].<ref>Dr. Hugh Nibley, class lecture notes, Brigham Young University, 1969-1972.{{Verify credibility|date=November 2011}}</ref>

*[[Makhshava]] - This Hebrew word is usually translated as "thought", but Nibley made a case for translating it as "plan"; e.g., in the book of [[Esther]] many translations say that [[Haman (Bible)|Haman]] "thought" to destroy the Jewish people. Nibley suggests that it is more accurate to say he ''planned'' to exterminate them. He did not just think about it, but made a plan.<ref>''Since Cumorah'' (1988), ISBN 0-87579-139-5 - page 214</ref>

*[[Shiblon]] - This [[Book of Mormon]] name, Nibley argued, is almost certainly connected to the Arabic ''shibl'', "lion cub". Nibley's student [[Benjamin Urrutia]] went on to make the connection with the "Jaguar Cub" imagery of the [[Olmec]] people of Ancient Mexico, a theory that has been widely embraced by LDS scholars.<ref>Benjamin Urrutia, “The Name Connection,” New Era, June 1983, 39</ref>

===Scholarly criticism===
[[Kent P. Jackson]] and Ronald V. Huggins have criticized Nibley for misusing or misrepresenting sources, and for sloppy citations.<ref>Kent P. Jackson, "Review of Hugh Nibley, ''Old Testament and Related Studies''," ''BYU Studies'' 28 no. 4 (1988): 115-17</ref><ref>Ronald V. Huggins, "Hugh Nibley's Footnotes," ''Salt Lake City Messenger'' no. 110 (May 2008): 9-21.</ref> Shirley S. Ricks responded to Huggins, saying Nibley's use of sources was good, and describes the extensive work done to vet Nibley's citations during preparation of more recent editions of his work.<ref>{{cite web|last=Riks|first=Shirley|title=A Sure Foundation|url=http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/publications/review/?reviewed_author&vol=20&num=2&id=728|accessdate=20 June 2012}}</ref>

Nibley has also been criticized for his use of evidence drawn from widely disparate cultures and time periods without proper qualification.<ref>Olson's review of Nibley's ''Abraham in Egypt'' in ''Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought'' 15.4 (1982), 123-125.</ref> More specifically, Douglas F. Salmon finds Nibley guilty of "[[parallelomania]]" in his effort to connect the Book of Mormon to various ancient texts. Salmon notes:

<blockquote>The number of parallels that Nibley has been able to uncover from amazingly disparate and arcane sources is truly staggering. Unfortunately, there seems to be a neglect of any methodological reflection or articulation in this endeavor.<ref>Salmon, Douglas F., "[http://content.lib.utah.edu/cdm4/document.php?CISOROOT=%2Fdialogue&CISOPTR=11018&REC=3&CISOBOX=names Parallelomania and the Study of Latter-day Saint Scripture: Confirmation, Coincidence, or the Collective Unconscious?]", ''[[Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought]]'', Volume 33, Number 2, Summer 2000, pg. 129, 131.</ref></blockquote>

===Students===
Students influenced by Nibley include:
* [[Krešimir Ćosić]], international [[basketball]] star and diplomat.
* [[Avraham Gileadi]], writer and scholar; one of the [[September Six]], later rebaptized
* [[John Gee]], Egyptologist.
* [[Benjamin Urrutia]], writer and scholar.

==Publications==

;The Collected Works of Hugh Nibley series
There have been 19 volumes released so far, all published through [[Deseret Book]]:
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/old-testament-and-related-studies/ ''Old Testament and Related Studies'']; ISBN 0-87579-032-1 (Hardcover, 1986)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/enoch-the-prophet/ ''Enoch the Prophet'']; ISBN 0-87579-047-X (Hardcover, 1986)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-world-and-the-prophets/ ''The World and the Prophets'']; ISBN 0-87579-078-X (Hardcover, 1987)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/mormonism-and-early-christianity/ ''Mormonism and Early Christianity'']; ISBN 0-87579-127-1 (Hardcover, 1987)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/lehi-in-the-desert-the-world-of-the-jaredites-there-were-jaredites/ ''Lehi in the Desert/The World of the Jaredites/There Were Jaredites'']; ISBN 0-87579-132-8 (Hardcover, 1988)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/an-approach-to-the-book-of-mormon/ ''An Approach to the Book of Mormon'']; ISBN 0-87579-138-7 (Hardcover, 1988)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/since-cumorah/ ''Since Cumorah'']; ISBN 0-87579-139-5 (Hardcover, 1988)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-prophetic-book-of-mormon/ ''The Prophetic Book of Mormon'']; ISBN 0-87579-179-4 (Hardcover, 1989)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/approaching-zion/ ''Approaching Zion'']; ISBN 0-87579-252-9 (Hardcover, 1989)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/the-ancient-state/ ''Ancient State: The Rulers & the Ruled'']; ISBN 0-87579-375-4 (Hardcover, 1991)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/tinkling-cymbals-and-sounding-brass/ ''Tinkling Cymbals and Sounding Brass: The Art of Telling Tales about Joseph Smith and Brigham Young'']; ISBN 0-87579-516-1 (Hardcover, 1991) (includes ''No, Ma'am, That's Not History'')
#''Temple and Cosmos: Beyond This Ignorant Present''; ISBN 0-87579-523-4 (Hardcover, 1992)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/brother-brigham-challenges-the-saints/ ''Brother Brigham Challenges the Saints'']; ISBN 0-87579-818-7 (Hardcover, 1994)
# [http://publications.maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/book/abraham-in-egypt/ ''Abraham in Egypt'']; ISBN 1-57345-527-X (Hardcover, 2000)
#''Apostles and Bishops in Early Christianity''; ISBN 1-59038-389-3 (Hardcover, 2005)
#''The Message of Joseph Smith Papyri: An Egyptian Endowment''; ISBN 1-59038-539-X (Hardcover, 2006)
#''Eloquent Witness: Nibley on Himself, Others, and the Temple''; ISBN 1-60641-003-2 (Hardcover, 2008)
#''An Approach to the Book of Abraham''; ISBN 1-60641-054-7 (Hardcover, 2009)
#''One Eternal Round''; ISBN 1-60641-237-X (Hardcover, 2010)

==Books about Nibley==
*''Sergeant Nibley, Ph.D.: Memories of an Unlikely Screaming Eagle''. A memoir of Nibley's World War II experiences, published in the fall of 2006 by Deseret Book. It is bylined "Hugh Nibley and Alex Nibley," and reflects Nibley's experiences, written and redacted by his son Alex.
*''Hugh Nibley: A Consecrated Life - The Authorized Biography of Hugh Nibley''. Written by Hugh's son-in-law, [[Boyd Jay Petersen]], and published in 2002 by Kofford Books ISBN 1-58958-020-6. This is the only full length biography of Hugh Nibley to date, and is the only one he personally authorized.

==See also==
*[[Richard Nibley]] - Hugh Nibley's younger brother

==References==
{{Reflist|2}}

==External links==
*[http://www.imno.org/articles.asp?qid=128&sid=18 IMNO interview: Observer; Possibly Hugh Nibley's Last Interview]
*[http://deseretnews.com/dn/view/0,1249,455028758,00.html Deseret News interview: Nibley still busy at age 92]
*[http://magazine.byu.edu/article.tpl?num=26-Spr01 BYU magazine interview: Life sketch]
*[http://farms.byu.edu/display.php?table=transcripts&id=125 Nibley explains his comment, "We have met here today clothed in the black robes of a false priesthood", given in a prayer at a 1960 commencement at BYU]
*[http://maxwellinstitute.byu.edu/authors/?authorID=2 Nibley's publications through FARMS (now the Maxwell Institute)]
*[http://speeches.byu.edu/index.php?act=browse&speaker=Nibley%2C+Hugh+W.&topic=&type=&year=&x=5&y=2 More Speeches by Hugh Nibley]
*[http://farms.byu.edu/multimedia/index.php?cat=NIBLEY Multimedia speeches]
*[http://www.lib.byu.edu/nibley/ Hugh Nibley Collection at Brigham Young University]
* {{worldcat id|id=lccn-n82-28390}}

{{Authority control|VIAF=15704611}}

{{Persondata
| NAME = Nibley, Hugh Winder
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Religious scholar
| DATE OF BIRTH = March 27, 1910
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Portland, Oregon|Portland]], [[Oregon]]
| DATE OF DEATH = February 24, 2005
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Provo, Utah|Provo]], [[Utah]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Nibley, Hugh}}
[[Category:1910 births]]
[[Category:2005 deaths]]
[[Category:20th-century Mormon missionaries]]
[[Category:American Latter Day Saint writers]]
[[Category:American military personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:American Mormon missionaries in Germany]]
[[Category:American people of French-Jewish descent]]
[[Category:Brigham Young University faculty]]
[[Category:Historians of the Latter Day Saint movement]]
[[Category:Mormon apologists]]
[[Category:Writers from Portland, Oregon]]
[[Category:People from Provo, Utah]]
[[Category:University of California, Berkeley alumni]]
[[Category:University of California, Los Angeles alumni]]
[[Category:Utah Democrats]]

Holy Roller

2014-03-15T04:17:39Z

Tahc: only an RC theology

{{Infobox NFL single game
|name=Holy Roller
|image=[[File:Qualcomm Stadium after 2009 Poinsettia Bowl.JPG|200px]]
|caption=[[Qualcomm Stadium|San Diego Stadium]], the site of the game
|visitor=Oakland Raiders
|visitor abbr=OAK
|visitor coach=[[John Madden]]
|visitor record=1–0
|home=San Diego Chargers
|home abbr=SD
|home coach=[[Tommy Prothro]]
|home record=0–1
|visitor qtr1=0
|visitor qtr2=7
|visitor qtr3=0
|visitor qtr4=14
|visitor qtr5=
|home qtr1=0
|home qtr2=13
|home qtr3=0
|home qtr4=7
|home qtr5=
|date=September 10, 1978
|stadium=[[Qualcomm Stadium|San Diego Stadium]]
|city=[[San Diego]], [[California]]
|referee=[[Jerry Markbreit]]
|attendance=
|odds=
|network= [[NFL on NBC|NBC]]
|announcers= [[Jim Simpson (sportscaster)|Jim Simpson]] and [[Paul Warfield]]
}}

In [[American football]], "the '''Holy Roller'''" (known as "the '''Immaculate Deception'''" by San Diego Chargers fans<ref>[http://www.ticketsnow.com/San-Diego-Chargers-Tickets.html Brief history of the Chargers at ticketsnow.com]</ref>) is the nickname given to a controversial game-winning play by the [[Oakland Raiders]] against the [[San Diego Chargers]] on September 10, 1978, at San Diego Stadium (now [[Qualcomm Stadium]]) in [[San Diego, California]]. It was officially ruled as a forward fumble that was recovered by Raiders tight end [[Dave Casper]] in the end zone for a touchdown, ultimately giving Oakland the 21–20 win. However, there have been differing interpretations of how this play should have actually been ruled, and it has remained a controversial play for fans of both teams involved.

==The play==

With 10 seconds left in the game, the Raiders had possession of the ball at the Chargers' 14-yard line, trailing 20–14. Raiders quarterback [[Ken Stabler]] took the snap and found himself about to be [[quarterback sack|sacked]] by Chargers linebacker [[Woodrow Lowe]] on the 24-yard line. Stabler fumbled the ball forward, and it rolled towards the Chargers' goal line. Raiders running back [[Pete Banaszak]] appeared to try to recover the ball on the 12-yard line, but could not keep his footing, and pitched the ball with both hands even closer to the end zone. Raiders [[tight end]] [[Dave Casper]] was the next player to reach the ball but he also evidently could not get a handle on it. He batted and kicked the ball into the end zone, where he fell on it for the game-tying touchdown as time ran out. With the ensuing extra point by placekicker [[Errol Mann]], the Raiders won 21–20.

During the play, the game officials ruled that Banaszak and Casper's actions were legal because it was impossible to determine if they intentionally batted the ball forward, which would have been ruled a penalty. The [[National Football League]] (NFL) also supported referee [[Jerry Markbreit]]'s call that Stabler fumbled the ball instead of throwing a forward pass.<ref>Markbreit, Jerry; & Steinberg, Alan (1999). ''Last Call: Memoirs of an NFL Referee'', pp 183–186. Champaign, Illinois: Sports Publishing Inc. ISBN 1-58382-030-2.</ref>

However, Stabler's fumble was deliberate. "I fumbled it on purpose,” he said after the game. “Yes, I was trying to fumble.” <ref>http://www.profootballhof.com/history/2005/1/1/1737/</ref>
Banaszak and Casper also admitted that they deliberately batted the ball towards the end zone.<ref name="hyman">{{cite news|last=Hyman|first=Mac|title=Sport Shots|accessdate=11 July 2010|newspaper=Oakland Post|date=1978-09-15|page=8|quote=Stabler said he intentionally fumbled, Pete B. said he batted the ball forward, and Dave Casper said that he knew that if he fell on the ball on the one or two yard line the game would have been over, so he kicked it along into the end zone and fell on it.}}</ref>

[[The San Diego Chicken]] was performing at this game. After Dave Casper recovered the winning touchdown in the end zone, the Chicken fell on the ground and lay motionless as though he'd been shot and killed.

In response to the Holy Roller, the league passed new rules in the offseason, restricting fumble recoveries by the offense. If a player fumbles after the [[two-minute warning]] in a half, or on fourth down at any time during the game, only the fumbling player can recover and advance the ball. If that player's teammate recovers the ball during those situations, it is placed back at the spot of the fumble.<ref>{{cite web | url=http://www.profootballhof.com/history/release.aspx?release_id=1737 | title=The "Holy Roller" | publisher=[[Pro Football Hall of Fame]] | accessdate=2009-11-30 | quote=During the off-season, the league added a provision to the rule book about fumbles after the two-minute warning that allows only the player who fumbled the ball to advance it.}}</ref><ref>{{cite news | url=http://www.nytimes.com/2008/11/16/sports/football/16giants.html | title=The Giants’ Fragile Grasp of the Football Is Causing Concern | publisher=[[New York Times]] | accessdate=2009-11-30 | quote=The league changed the rule the next season, making it illegal for the offense to advance the ball beyond the spot of the fumble in the last two minutes or at any time on fourth down. | first=Joe | last=Lapointe | date=2008-11-16}}</ref>

==Quotes==
{{quote|The ball, flipped forward, is loose! A wild scramble, two seconds on the clock...Casper grabbing the ball...it is ruled a fumble...Casper has recovered in the end zone! The Oakland Raiders have scored on the most zany, unbelievable, absolutely impossible dream of a play! [[John Madden (American football)|Madden]] is on the field. He wants to know if it's real. They said yes, get your big butt out of here! He does! There's nothing real in the world anymore! The Raiders have won the football game! The Chargers....they don't believe it. Fifty-two thousand people minus a few lonely Raider fans are stunned. This one will be relived forever!|Bill King, calling the play on [[KGO (AM)|KGO-AM]]}}

==See also==
*[[NFL lore]] – Famous and infamous moments in NFL history
*[[Holy Roller]] – The event's common name is a pun on this slang term in American religion.
*[[Immaculate Reception]] – The Holy Roller's alternative nickname, "Immaculate Deception," is a play on words based on the name given to this famous play, whose name in turn plays on the [[Immaculate Conception]] of Roman Catholic theology.
*[[Fumblerooski]] – Other deliberate fumble plays.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Sources ==
*''Total Football: The Official Encyclopedia of the National Football League'' (ISBN 0-06-270174-6)
*[http://bayarearadio.org/sports/raiders/raiders-chargers_sept-10-1978.shtml Audio of the Holy Roller radio play-by-play by Bill King]

==External links==
* [http://www.ryanmcbain.com/flowcheck/?p=2210] The Holy Roller: Happy Anniversary Chargers Fans.
* [http://www.nfl.com/videos/nfl-network-total-access/09000d5d80745829/NFLTA-Top-ten-luckiest-plays] Video of the play.
* [http://www.pro-football-reference.com/boxscores/197809100sdg.htm Pro Football Reference page]

{{Oakland Raiders}}
{{San Diego Chargers}}
{{NFL on NBC}}

[[Category:1978 National Football League season]]
[[Category:Oakland Raiders]]
[[Category:San Diego Chargers]]
[[Category:American football incidents]]
[[Category:National Football League games]]
[[Category:National Football League controversies]]
[[Category:1978 in California]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2014-02-01T23:14:53Z

Tahc: /* History */ Titles of this sort are avoided on Wikipedia.

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Because of similarities in churchmanship and doctrine, it is usually considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church's origins predate the start of that movement and it was publicly critical of the Continuing Anglican churches when they were founded during the late 1970s.

==History==
This church was founded in 1963 as the "Anglican Orthodox Church." Its founders intended to establish a conservative, low church, alternative to the Episcopal Church. Episcopal polity with [[apostolic succession]] was maintained with the consecration of Bishop James Parker Dees by bishops of [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lineages.

In 1999, Bishop Dees' successor, Bishop Robert Godfrey, and a majority of the church's clergy met in committee and determined to align the church more closely with the Continuing Anglican churches in worship style and doctrine. A name change was also approved. In opposition, lay leaders close to the founding bishop and a minority of the clergy subsequently negotiated a legal settlement to divide the church's property and form a new church with the original beliefs and name (Anglican Orthodox Church).

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]].

In 2005, the jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592</ref>

Bishop Godfrey and Bishop McLaughlin were signatories to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999. In 2007, Bishop McLaughlin signed a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref> The Old Catholic Church of Slovakia had seceded from the Utrecht Union in 2004 because of the Union's approval of women's ordination and same-sex blessings.

On Ash Wednesday 2012, Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and the nomination of the [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. That nomination was confirmed by the General Convention on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

In 2014, the church will celebrate 50 years as a jurisdiction of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church and also mark the 50th anniversary of its incorporation in the state of North Carolina (March 6, 2014).

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church had been dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002. It is headquartered in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]].

The Orthodox Anglican Church's offices are in [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]]. In 2013, it reported having 6 parishes or missions in affiliation. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]].
== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]

St.-Johannes-Kathedrale (Izmir)

2014-01-19T02:00:21Z

Tahc: no such thing as the Book of Revelations

'''St. John's Cathedral''' in [[Izmir]] is the seat of the [[Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Izmir]].<ref>[http://www.gcatholic.com/dioceses/diocese/izmi0.htm Giga-Catholic Information]</ref> The Cathedral of the is dedicated to [[John the Evangelist]] who in the [[Book of Revelation]] sent greetings and instructions to the [[Seven churches of Asia]], including [[Smyrna]] (Izmir).<ref>History of St. John's Cathedral, JOHN J. FLATTERY, Ch, Major, USAF l July 1970</ref>

==History==

The cornerstone of the Cathedral was laid in 1862. In 1863 the [[Ottoman Sultan]], [[Abdülaziz]], donated 11,000 gold Turkish Lira for the construction and Christians from [[Lyon]] in France also contributed. The link with Lyon was due to missionaries from Smyrna introducing Christianity to Lyons in the second century.

The building was finished in 1874, and dedicated on May 25th 1874 by Archbishop [[Vincent Spaccapietra]], [[Apostolic Delegate]] to Asia Minor.<ref>His monument is located at the north side of the Cathedral garden.</ref> Prior to this time, a church which is now the parish church of Sancta Maria{{where|date=December 2013}} served as the [[pro-Cathedral]] for the diocese.

In 1965 the then Archbishop of Smyrna, [[Joseph Emmanuel Descuffi]], granted permission to NATO Military personnel, both Protestant and Catholic, and their dependents stationed in Izmir to use the Cathedral for religious services.

==Interior==
{{underlinked|date=December 2013}}

The beautiful painting over the high altar of the Cathedral depicts St. John, with the eagle as his liturgical symbol. He is pictured with pen and scroll writing his Gospel. The painting is autographed by its artist, A. Von Kramer. The other pictures in the sanctuary area are (on right) St. Augustine, St. Andrew, and St. Athanasius; (on left St. Polycarp, 2nd century Bishop of Smyrna and martyr for Christ) and St. John Chrysostom. One panel is blank because the original painting was destroyed by fire early in this century.

Additional paintings in the Cathedral are as follows: to the right of the main entrance - St. Vincent de Paul giving Holy Communion to children. Vincent, a 17th century French priest, founded an order for men (the Vincentians or Lazarists) and one for women, the Sisters of Charity. For centuries Vincentian Priests staffed local churches in the Archdiocese, and until this century taught in the Lysee (High School) across the street from the Efes Hotel. Sisters of Charity still staff the French Hospital in Izmir.

The second painting on the right is of Saints Peter and Paul. Paul with the Apostle John established Christianity in the Aegean region of Asia Minor. The Book of the “Acts of the Apostles” (Chap. 18-19) tells of his stay in nearby Ephesus; it makes fascinating reading.

To the left of the main entrance, the first painting is of three early Bishops of this area: Ignatius of Antioch (Antakya); Polycarp of Smyrna and Irenaeus, priest of Smyrna, who went to Lyons in France and became Bishop there. The background for the picture of these Bishops is the artist's conception of what ancient Smyrna looked like.<ref>Irenaeus was the Bishop of Lyons who wrote that Polycarp of Smyrna was martyred near the Agora about the year 150 and that he had received his instruction in Christianity from
the Apostles.</ref>

The other picture is of St. Anne, mother of the Virgin Mary.

Mounted over the inside of the entrance to the Cathedral is a painting which depicts seven bishops of the seven churches of the Apocalypse. This painting, originally done for the Sacrament Chapel at Cigli Air Base, was brought to the Cathedral in May 1970.

About 30 feet from the floor on the left and right of the Cathedral are small medallion portraits of three Bishops and three Popes who helped in the construction of the Cathedral: (on right) Anthony Mussabini, Bishop here 1838-1861, Vincent Spaccapietra 1862-1878; and Andrew Timoni 1879-1904. (on left) The Papal portraitse are of Gregory XVI, Bishop of Rome, 1831-1846; Pius IX, Bishop of Home 1846-1878; and Leo XIII, Bishop of Home 1878-1903.

Memorial tombs to Bishops Mussabini and Spaccapietra are located in the garden of the Cathedral on the left and right respectively. They were carved by Carrara artists.

As worshipers enter the Cathedral grounds from Sehit Nevres Bulvari, they notice the initials D.O.M. above the main entrance on the fascade of the Cathedral. They are abbreviations for the Latin Deo Qptimo Maximo "To the honor of God, the best, the greatest."

On the left of the main entrance is the Dedicatory Plaque for the building. Somewhat freely translated it says:
<quote>This temple, (built) to honor St. John, Apostle and writer, (had) its cornerstone laid on 26 November 1862. Thanks (are given) for the generous offerings by (local) citizens and contributions by foreigners. Pope Pius IX, in the 27th year of his long pontificate granted it the high honor (of being) a Minor Basilica, and enriched it with the same indulgences as that of St. John Lateran Basilica (in Rome). He (also) donated the high altar, with its precious stones and metals.

Vincent Spaccapietra, Vincentian Priest, Archbishop of Smyrna and Victor Apostolic to Asia Minor and the Kingdom of Greece, dedicated it on 25 June 1874, the 27th anniversary of (his ordination to) the priesthood. (Present were) Lawrence Berceretti, Archbishop of Nazos: Fidelis Abate, Bishop of Santorino: John Marengo, Bishop of Tinos.</quote>

The Baptistry, on the right of the main entrance, was not outfitted until l9l6; as the dedicatory plaque tells. A local resident named John Moriconi was its donor. A priest by the name of Peter Longinotti was Rector of the Cathedral at this time.

The side Chapels of the Cathedral are dedicated to St. Joseph (the present Sacrament Chapel) and to Our Lady of Sorrows.

High above the Sanctuary area, near the ceiling of the building, is a triangle with an eye in the center. The triangle is the symbol of the Blessed Trinity, and the eye represents the "All-seeing, all knowing wisdom of God."

==References==
{{reflist}}

{{coord|38|25|43|N|27|08|22|E|type:city_source:kolossus-plwiki|display=title}}

[[Category:Roman Catholic cathedrals in Turkey]]
[[Category:Churches in Izmir]]
[[Category:Aegean Region]]

{{Turkey-church-stub}}
{{RC-cathedral-stub}}

DisneyToon Studios

2013-09-07T17:28:24Z

Tahc: /* Filmography */ {{what|what is "Wrap-around animation"}}

{{about|the direct-to-video animation studio|the area in EuroDisney|Toon Studio|the main animation division of Walt Disney Studios|Walt Disney Animation Studios}}
{{Infobox company
| name = DisneyToon Studios
| logo = [[File:DisneyToon Studios logo.svg|250px|center|DisneyToon Studios logo]]
| caption =
| type = [[Division (business)|Division]]<ref name=awn0/>
| traded_as =
| genre = 
| fate =
| predecessor =
| successor =
| foundation = 1988
| founder =
| defunct = 
| location_city = [[Glendale, California|Glendale]], [[California|CA]]{{citation needed|date=June 2013}}
| location_country = USA
| location =
| locations =
| area_served =
| key_people = [[Edwin Catmull|Ed Catmull]] ([[President]]) [[John Lasseter]] ([[Chief Creative Officer|CCO]])<ref name=awn0/>
| industry = [[Film industry|Motion pictures]]
| products = [[Animation|Animated films]]
| services =
| revenue =
| operating_income =
| net_income =
| assets =
| equity =
| num_employees =
| parent = [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]] ([[The Walt Disney Studios (production company)|The Walt Disney Studios]])
| divisions =
| subsid =
| homepage =
| footnotes =
| intl =
}}

'''DisneyToon Studios''', originally '''Disney Movietoons''',<ref name=wp>{{cite news|last=Harrington|first=Richard|title=‘DuckTales: The Movie’|url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/style/longterm/movies/videos/ducktalesthemoviegharrington_a0aaed.htm|accessdate=27 February 2013|newspaper=Washington Post|date=August 7, 1990}}</ref> is an [[United States|American]] [[animation studio]] which creates [[direct-to-video]] and occasional [[theatrical film|theatrical]] animated feature films, short films and television specials. The studio is a division of [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]], with both being part of [[The Walt Disney Studios (production company)|The Walt Disney Studios]].<ref>{{cite web|title=DisneyToon Studios: Job Description|url=https://careers.disneyanimation.com/dts_listings/2013-08-08_dtsid_Director_Post_Production.pdf|work=The Walt Disney Company|publisher=DisneyToon Studios|accessdate=11 August 2013|quote=Disneytoon Studios is a part of Walt Disney Animation Studios...}}</ref> The studio has produced 60 films, beginning with ''[[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]]'' (1990), and most recently with ''[[Planes (film)|Planes]]'' (2013).

==History==

===MovieToons===
Disney MovieToons' first feature production was in 1990 with ''[[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]]'' with animation from [[Disney animation studios#Disney Animation France|Disney Animation France]].<ref name=wp/> At the same time, Disney began producing [[direct-to-video]] sequels of [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]] [[List of Walt Disney Animation Studios films|films]]: the first of which was the ''[[Aladdin (1992 Disney film)|Aladdin]]'' (1992) sequel ''[[The Return of Jafar]]'' (1994). When ''Aladdin'' was selected as a possible candidate as an [[Aladdin (TV series)|animated TV series]] (before the film's release), as with many animated series, the first three episodes were one multi-part story which Disney used as a potential ‘family movie special’ for the Friday night before the series’ premiere. With work handed out to the [[Disney animation studios#Disney Animation Australia|Australia animation studio]], the opening story was instead green lit for a direct-to-video release. Thus with ''The Return of Jafar'' and its success, the direct-to-video unit started. Then a second sequel, ''[[Aladdin and the King of Thieves]]'' (1996), assign work to both the Australia and [[Disney animation studios#Disney Animation Japan|Japanese]] animation units.<ref name=awn2>{{cite news|last=Strike|first=Joe|title=Disney’s Animation Cash Crop — Direct-to-Video Sequels|url=http://www.awn.com/articles/disney-s-animation-cash-crop-direct-video-sequels/page/1%2C1|accessdate=9 March 2013|newspaper=AnimationWorld|date=March 28, 2005}}</ref>

More direct-to-video sequels followed, among them ''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]'' (1997), ''[[Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World]]'' (1998), ''[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]'' (1998), and ''[[Cinderella II: Dreams Come True]]'' (2002).<ref name=awn3>{{cite news|last=Hoffman|first=Ilene|title=Buena Vista Home Entertainment: A Very Lucky Accident Indeed|url=http://www.awn.com/mag/issue2.8/2.8pages/2.8hoffmanbvhe.html|accessdate=9 March 2013|newspaper=Animation World Magazine|month=November|year=1997}}</ref>

===Toon Studios===
In a January 2003 Disney reorganization, Disney MovieToons/Disney Video Premieres unit was transferred from [[Disney Television Animation]] to [[Walt Disney Animation Studios|Walt Disney Feature Animation]] and renamed DisneyToon Studios in June.<ref name=awn>{{cite news| last=Baisley|first=Sarah |title=DisneyToon Studios Builds Slate Under New Name and Homes for Needy |url= http://www.awn.com/news/films/disneytoon-studios-builds-slate-under-new-name-and-homes-needy |accessdate=26 February 2013|newspaper=Animation World Network|date=June 16, 2003}}</ref>

On July 25, 2005, Disney announced that it was closing DisneyToon Studios Australia in October 2006, after 17 years of existence, with its final feature being ''[[Cinderella III: A Twist in Time]]''.<ref name=abc>{{cite news|last=Grimm|first=Nick|title=Disney cans Australian animation operation|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2005-07-27/disney-cans-australian-animation-operation/2067366|accessdate=April 19, 2012|newspaper=Australian Broadcasting Company |date=July 27, 2005}}</ref>

On June 22, 2007, management of DisneyToon Studios was turned over to the control of [[Ed Catmull]] and [[John Lasseter]] under the banner of renamed Feature Animation studio, now called [[Walt Disney Animation Studios]]. As chief creative officer, Lasseter called for the cancellation of all future films in production or development at DisneyToon Studios that weren't connected to a [[Disney Consumer Products]] franchise. As a result, planned or in-progress sequels to ''[[Dumbo]]'', ''[[Chicken Little (2005 film)|Chicken Little]]'', ''[[Meet the Robinsons]]'' and ''[[The Aristocats]]'' were all cancelled, among other projects.<ref name=awn0>{{cite news|last=Baisley|first=Sarah|title=DisneyToon Studios Prexy Morrill Steps Down|url=http://www.awn.com/news/people/disneytoon-studios-prexy-morrill-steps-down|accessdate=April 19, 2012|newspaper=Animation World Network|date=June 21, 2007}}</ref><ref name=jhm>{{cite news|last=Hill|first=Jim|title=Say "So Long !" to direct-to-video sequels : DisneyToon Studios tunes out Sharon Morrill|url=http://jimhillmedia.com/editor_in_chief1/b/jim_hill/archive/2007/06/21/say-so-long-to-direct-to-video-sequels-disneytoon-studios-tunes-out-sharon-morrill.aspx|accessdate=April 19, 2012|newspaper=Jim Hill Media|date=June 20, 2007}}</ref> A few days later, it was announced that DisneyToon Studios would no longer produce future sequels to Disney animated films, but will instead focus on spin-offs and original films.<ref>{{cite news|last=Hayes |first=Dade |url=http://www.variety.com/article/VR1117983709.html?categoryid=13&cs=1 |title=Disney unveils animation slate - Entertainment News, Film News, Media |publisher=Variety |date=2008-04-08 |accessdate=2012-01-03}}</ref>

Following conflicts over the new direction for the division, as well as complications relating to the production of ''[[Tinker Bell (film)|Tinker Bell]]'' (2008), the debut film of [[Disney Fairies]] franchise, the previous president of the studio, Sharon Morill, moved to a new position in the company.<ref name=jhm/>

==Filmography==
The following is a list of films produced by DisneyToon Studios.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
!#
!Title
!Release type
!Release date
|-
|1
|''[[DuckTales the Movie: Treasure of the Lost Lamp]]''
|Theatrical<ref name=wp/>
|August 3, 1990
|-
|2
|''[[The Return of Jafar]]''
|[[Direct-to-video]]<ref name=awn2/>
|May 20, 1994
|-
|3
|''[[Gargoyles the Movie: The Heroes Awaken]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around
|February 3, 1995
|-
|4
|''[[A Goofy Movie]]''
|Theatrical
|April 7, 1995
|-
|5
|''[[Aladdin and the King of Thieves]]''
|Direct-to-video
|August 13, 1996
|-
|6
|''[[Mighty Ducks the Movie: The First Face-Off]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation{{what|what is "Wrap-around animation"}}
|April 8, 1997
|-
|7
|''[[Pooh's Grand Adventure: The Search for Christopher Robin]]''
|Direct-to-video
|August 5, 1997
|-
|8
|''[[Beauty and the Beast: The Enchanted Christmas]]''
|Direct-to-video<ref name=awn3/>
|November 11, 1997
|-
|9
|''[[Belle's Magical World]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|February 17, 1998
|-
|10
|''[[Pocahontas II: Journey to a New World]]''
|Direct-to-video<ref name=awn3/>
|August 25, 1998
|-
|11
|''[[The Lion King II: Simba's Pride]]''
|Direct-to-video<ref name=awn3/>
|October 27, 1998
|-
|12
|''[[Hercules: Zero to Hero]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|August 17, 1999
|-
|13
|''[[Mickey's Once Upon a Christmas]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|November 9, 1999
|-
|14
|''[[Seasons of Giving|Winnie the Pooh: Seasons of Giving]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|November 9, 1999
|-
|15
|''[[The Tigger Movie]]''
|Theatrical
|February 11, 2000
|-
|16
|''[[An Extremely Goofy Movie]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|February 29, 2000
|-
|17
|''[[Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|August 8, 2000
|-
|18
|''[[The Little Mermaid II: Return to the Sea]]''
|Direct-to-video
|September 19, 2000
|-
|19
|''[[Recess: School's Out]]''
|Theatrical
|February 16, 2001
|-
|20
|''[[Lady and the Tramp II: Scamp's Adventure]]''
|Direct-to-video
|February 27, 2001
|-
|21
|''[[Mickey's Magical Christmas: Snowed in at the House of Mouse]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|November 6, 2001
|-
|22
|''[[Recess Christmas: Miracle on Third Street]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|November 6, 2001
|-
|23
|''[[Return to Never Land]]''
|Theatrical
|February 15, 2002
|-
|24
|''[[Cinderella II: Dreams Come True]]''
|Direct-to-video<ref name=awn3/>
|February 26, 2002
|-
|25
|''[[The Hunchback of Notre Dame II]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|March 19, 2002
|-
|26
|''[[Tarzan & Jane]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|July 23, 2002
|-
|27
|''[[Mickey's House of Villains]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|September 3, 2002
|-
|28
|''[[A Very Merry Pooh Year|Winnie the Pooh: A Very Merry Pooh Year]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|November 12, 2002
|-
|29
|''[[101 Dalmatians II: Patch's London Adventure]]''
|Direct-to-video
|January 21, 2003
|-
|30
|''[[The Jungle Book 2]]''
|Theatrical
|February 14, 2003
|-
|31
|''[[Piglet's Big Movie]]''
|Theatrical
|March 21, 2003
|-
|32
|''[[Atlantis: Milo's Return]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|May 20, 2003
|-
|33
|''[[Stitch! The Movie]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|August 26, 2003
|-
|34
|''[[Recess: Taking the Fifth Grade]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|December 9, 2003
|-
|35
|''[[Recess: All Growed Down]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|December 9, 2003
|-
|36
|''[[Teacher's Pet (2004 film)|Teacher's Pet]]''
|Theatrical
|January 16, 2004
|-
|37
|''[[The Lion King 1½]]''
|Direct-to-video
|February 10, 2004
|-
|38
|''[[Springtime with Roo|Winnie the Pooh: Springtime with Roo]]''
|Direct-to-video
|March 9, 2004
|-
|39
|''[[Mickey, Donald, Goofy: The Three Musketeers|Mickey · Donald · Goofy: The Three Musketeers]]''
|Direct-to-video
|August 17, 2004
|-
|40
|''[[Mickey's Twice Upon a Christmas]]''
|Direct-to-video
|November 9, 2004
|-
|41
|''[[Mulan II]]''
|Direct-to-video
|November 3, 2004
|-
|42
|''[[Pooh's Heffalump Movie]]''
|Theatrical
|February 11, 2005
|-
|43
|''[[Tarzan II]]''
|Direct-to-video
|June 14, 2005
|-
|44
|''[[Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch]]''
|Direct-to-video
|August 30, 2005
|-
|45
|''[[Pooh's Heffalump Halloween Movie]]''
|Direct-to-video
|September 13, 2005
|-
|46
|''[[Once Upon a Halloween]]''
|Direct-to-video
|September 27, 2005
|-
|47
|''[[Kronk's New Groove]]''
|Direct-to-video
|December 13, 2005
|-
|48
|''[[Bambi II]]''
|Direct-to-video
|February 7, 2006
|-
|49
|''[[Leroy & Stitch]]''
|Direct-to-video, Wrap-around animation
|June 27, 2006
|-
|50
|''[[Brother Bear 2]]''
|Direct-to-video
|August 29, 2006
|-
|51
|''[[The Fox and the Hound 2]]''
|Direct-to-video
|December 12, 2006
|-
|52
|''[[Cinderella III: A Twist in Time]]''
|Direct-to-video
|February 6, 2007
|-
|53
|''[[Disney Princess Enchanted Tales: Follow Your Dreams]]''
|Direct-to-video
|September 4, 2007
|-
|54
|''[[The Little Mermaid: Ariel's Beginning]]''
|Direct-to-video
|August 26, 2008
|-
|55
|''[[Tinker Bell (film)|Tinker Bell]]''
|Direct-to-video<ref name=jhm/>
|October 28, 2008
|-
|56
|''[[Tinker Bell and the Lost Treasure]]''
|Direct-to-video
|October 27, 2009
|-
|57
|''[[Tinker Bell and the Great Fairy Rescue]]''
|Direct-to-video
|September 21, 2010
|-
|58
|''[[Pixie Hollow Games]]''
|Direct-to-video
|November 19, 2011
|-
|59
|''[[Secret of the Wings]]''
|Direct-to-video<ref name=awn1/>
|October 23, 2012
|-
|60
|''[[Planes (film)|Planes]]''
|Theatrical
|August 9, 2013<ref name=awn1/>
|-
| colspan="4" align="center" style="background:#f2f2f2;"| In production or development
|-
|61
|''[[The Pirate Fairy]]''<ref name="awn1" />
|Direct-to-video
|Spring 2014<ref>{{cite news|last=Liu|first=Ed|title=Disney Delays "Planes" to Fall 2013, "Quest for the Queen" to Spring 2014|url=http://www.toonzone.net/news/articles/43307/disney-delays-planes-to-fall-2013-quest-for-the-queen-to-spring-2014/|accessdate=June 14, 2012|newspaper=Toon Zone|date=June 13, 2012}}</ref><ref name="CSD232013Press">{{cite news|title=D23 Expo: New Art From the Upcoming Disney, Pixar and Disneytoon Movies|url=http://www.comingsoon.net/news/d23exponews.php?id=107609|accessdate=August 10, 2013|newspaper=ComingSoon.net|date=August 9, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|62
|''[[Planes: Fire & Rescue]]''
|Theatrical
|July 18, 2014<ref>{{cite news|last=Fleming|first=Mike|title=More Disney Release Dates: Two New Marvel Pics, ‘Alexander’, ‘Hundred-Foot Journey’, ‘Into The Woods’, ‘Planes’ Sequel Slotted|url=http://www.deadline.com/2013/06/disney-release-dates-marvel-movies-alexander-into-the-woods-planes-2/|accessdate=June 14, 2013|newspaper=Deadline|date=June 13, 2013}}</ref>
|-
|63
|''[[Legend of the NeverBeast]]''<ref name="awn1">{{cite news|last=Zahed|first=Ramin|title=Disney's 'Planes' to Take Off in Theaters in August|url=http://www.animationmagazine.net/features/disneys-planes-to-take-off-in-theaters-in-august/|accessdate=March 27, 2013|newspaper=Animation Magazine|date=December 26, 2012}}</ref>
|Direct-to-video
|Spring 2015<ref name="CSD232013Press" />
|}

==See also==
*[[List of Disney home entertainment]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*{{imdb company|id=0092035}}
{{navboxes|list=
{{Walt Disney Studios}}
{{Disney theatrical animated features}}
{{Disney direct-to-video animated features}}
{{John Lasseter}}}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Disneytoon Studios}}
[[Category:American animation studios]]
[[Category:Companies based in Glendale, California]]
[[Category:Disney production studios]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Company subsidiaries]]
[[Category:Walt Disney Studios]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2013-08-10T04:50:28Z

Tahc: /* History */ {{clarify|How is racial segregation at issue?}}

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Due to similarities in churchmanship and [[apostolic succession]]<ref name="OACS2012">Apostolic Succession of OAC bishops 2012[http://charlotteanglican.org/uploads/apostolic_succession_orthodox_anglican_church_2012.pdf]</ref> it is now considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church predates the movement and its presiding bishop was publicly critical of the jurisdictions created during the late 1970s.<ref>"Bishop Dees Reviews St. Louis Convention". ''Statesville Record & Landmark''. September 26, 1977.</ref> The church was incorporated on March 6, 1964,<ref name="NCgov">[http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592 North Carolina Secretary of State]</ref> as the Anglican Orthodox Church by Episcopalians who were alarmed at what they considered to be liberal trends in the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]].<ref name="TGG">''The Greatest Generation'' by Tom Brokaw, Random House, p. 58 (May 11, 2004)</ref> Having had its first bishop consecrated on Passion Sunday in 1964 the church in 2014 will mark 50 years as a jurisdiction of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. The Church will also mark the 50th anniversary of its incorporation in the state of North Carolina March 6, 2014.

==History==
The church was founded as a conservative alternative to the Episcopal Church, with [[apostolic succession]] being initially preserved through [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lines. For more than the first 25 years of its history the church was led by Bishop James Parker Dees and practiced a very [[low church]] variety of Anglicanism, even limiting the celebration of [[Eucharist|Communion]] to once a month. Though his churchmanship was consistent with much of Anglicanism in the American South, Dees views did not play as well to a wider audience. Issues of churchmanship represented some of the difficulties other conservative Anglicans had with Bishop Dees, many of whom opted to form new jurisdictions rather than deal with Dees. Dees views were also an issue with some of his most gifted ministers such as [[Richard Boyce (bishop)|Richard Boyce]], Walter Grundorf, and [[Tony Clavier]], all of which left Dees and became leaders and bishops in other Anglican jurisdictions.

Upon the death of James Parker Dees, [[Stephen C. Reber]], at the time a priest of the jurisdiction, was nominated by the Standing Committee to succeed Dees. A disagrreement with some members of the Standing Committee prevented the nomination from ever reaching the General Convention. Reber left the jurisdiction for the United Episcopal Church of North America where he served for many years as the Presiding Bishop. This tension between a Standing Committee closely associated with the founding bishop, and the current Presiding Bishop would cause problems throughout the 1990's.

In 1999, the Presiding Bishop, Robert Godfrey, and the majority of the clergy and laity met in synod and decided to align the church closer to the liturgical standards of the majority of the [[Continuing Anglican]] jurisdictions. Lay leaders close to the founding bishop, and a minority of clergy, who were opposed to the synods changes, negotiated a legal settlement to form a new church committed to preserving the traditions of James Dees.<ref> name="govNC">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Corp.aspx?PitemId=5376967</</ref> The OAC, eager to disassociate itself with racial segregation,{{clarify|How is racial segregation at issue?}} agreed in the settlement not to use the name of James Parker Dees or the Anglican Orthodox Church in any communication.

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]]. Bishop McLaughlin was the fourth Presiding Bishop of the church. In order to match the name of its international communion founded in 1969, in 2005 the U.S. jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592</ref>

Bishop Godfrey and Bishop McLaughlin were signatories to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999. Bishop McLaughlin in 2007 signed a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref> The Old Catholic Church of Slovakia had suceded from the Utrecht Union in 2004 because of the Union's approval of women's ordination and same-sex blessings.

On Ash Wednesday 2012, Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and nominated [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. His nomination was confirmed by a vote of the General Convention of the Orthodox Anglican Church on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church was dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002. Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary is headquartered in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]].

The Orthodox Anglican Church offices are in [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]]. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]

Tschaikowsky (Lied)

2013-03-04T05:16:18Z

Tahc: added Category:Patter songs using HotCat

'''"Tschaikowsky (and Other Russians)"''' is a [[patter song]] with lyrics by [[Ira Gershwin]] and music by [[Kurt Weill]], first performed by [[United States|American]] comedian [[Danny Kaye]] in the 1941 [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] [[musical theatre|musical]] ''[[Lady in the Dark]]''. In his lyrics Gershwin used the alternate spelling "Tschaikowsky" in place of the more widely accepted modern transliteration [[Tchaikovsky]].<ref>{{cite book | last=Gershwin | first=Ira | title=Lyrics on Several Occasions | edition=First | location=New York | publisher=Knopf | year=1959 | oclc=538209}}</ref>

"Tschaikowsky (and Other Russians)" is not a song in the normal sense of the term: it is a rhyming list of fifty [[Russian composers]]' names, which Kaye rattled off (in a speaking, not singing, voice) as rapidly as possible. At each performance, Kaye tried to break his previous speed record for reciting this song: consequently, it was intended to be recited ''[[a cappella]]'' (without music), as the orchestra could not possibly keep up with him.

Several of the "Russian" composers listed in this song are actually [[Russian-American]]s whose names Gershwin altered for the purposes of his lyric. For example, one of the names in the song is "Dukelsky"; this is actually the birth name of [[Vernon Duke]], an American composer of [[Russians|Russian]] ancestry. [[Stanisław Moniuszko]], [[Witold Maliszewski]] and [[Leopold Godowsky]] are actually Polish, not Russian.

Ira Gershwin began his career writing lyrics for his brother [[George Gershwin]]. Ira, the more self-effacing of the Gershwin brothers, was concerned that music publishers might think that George had chosen him as lyricist on the basis of nepotism rather than talent, so Ira originally chose to write lyrics under the pseudonym "Arthur Francis" (derived from the names of his other brother Arthur and his sister Frances).

The song was originally a nonsense poem which Ira Gershwin had published in a college newspaper under the name "Arthur Francis" in his student days. Decades later, in his memoir ''[[Lyrics on Several Occasions]]'', Ira Gershwin expressed the hope that someone might accuse him of plagiarizing his song "Tschaikowsky" from the collegiate poem, so he could reveal that he and Arthur Francis were the same person.

==List of composers==
With adjustments to Gershwin's spelling, here are the "Russian" composers mentioned in the song, in order: [[Witold Maliszewski]], [[Anton Rubinstein]], [[Anton Arensky]], [[Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky]], [[Wassily Sapellnikoff]], [[Nikolay Dmitriev]], [[Alexander Tcherepnin]], [[Ivan Kryzhanovsky]], [[Leopold Godowsky]], [[Nikolai Artsybushev]], [[Stanisław Moniuszko]], [[Fyodor Akimenko]], [[Nicolai Soloviev]], [[Sergei Prokofiev]], [[Dimitri Tiomkin]], [[Arseny Koreshchenko]], [[Mikhail Glinka]], [[Alexander Winkler (composer)|Alexander Winkler]], [[Dmitry Bortniansky]], [[Vladimir Rebikov]], [[Alexander Ilyinsky]], [[Nikolai Medtner]], [[Mily Balakirev]], [[Vasily Zolotaryov]], [[Kvoschinsky]], [[Nikolay Sokolov (composer)|Nikolay Sokolov]], [[Alexander Kopylov]], [[Vernon Duke]] (born Dukelsky), [[Nikolay Klenovsky]], [[Dmitri Shostakovich]], [[Alexander Borodin]], [[Reinhold Glière]], [[David Nowakowsky]], [[Anatoly Lyadov]], [[Genari Karganoff]], [[Igor Markevitch]], [[Pantschenko]], [[Alexander Dargomyzhsky]], [[Vladimir Shcherbachov]], [[Alexander Scriabin]], [[Sergei Vasilenko]], [[Igor Stravinsky]], [[Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov]], [[Modest Mussorgsky]], [[Alexander Gretchaninov]], [[Alexander Glazunov]], [[César Cui]], [[Vasily Kalinnikov]], [[Sergei Rachmaninoff]], and [[Joseph Rumshinsky]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://lyricwiki.org/Danny_Kaye:Tschaikowsky_%28And_Other_Russians%29 Lyrics at LyricWiki]
[[Category:Songs from musicals]]
[[Category:1941 songs]]
[[Category:Patter songs]]

John Clarke (Geistlicher)

2013-01-28T21:38:15Z

Tahc: 17th-century Baptist clergy

{{For|other people with the same name|John Clarke (disambiguation)}}
{{Infobox Governor
|name = John Clarke
|image = John Clarke picture.jpg|thumb|right|Alleged portrait of John Clarke, c. 1659, currently in the [[Redwood Library]] in Newport, Rhode Island
|order1 = 3rd and 5th
|office1 = Deputy Governor of the Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations
|term_start1 = 1669
|term_end1 = 1670
|governor1 = [[Benedict Arnold (governor)|Benedict Arnold]]
|predecessor1 = [[Nicholas Easton]]
|successor1 = [[Nicholas Easton]]
|term_start2 = 1671
|term_end2 = 1672
|governor2 = [[Benedict Arnold (governor)|Benedict Arnold]]
|predecessor2 = [[Nicholas Easton]]
|successor2 = [[John Cranston (politician)|John Cranston]]
|birth_date = 8 October 1609
|birth_place = [[Westhorpe, Suffolk|Westhorpe]], [[Suffolk]], England
|death_date = 20 April 1676
|death_place = [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]], [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]]
|resting_place = Dr. Wheatland Blvd., Newport
|occupation = Baptist Minister, Deputy Governor
|religion = Baptist
|spouse =
}}

'''John Clarke''' (8 October 1609 – 20 April 1676) was a [[medical doctor]], [[Baptist]] [[Religious minister|minister]], co-founder of the [[colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]], author of its influential charter, and a leading [[advocate]] of [[religious]] freedom in the [[Americas]].

==Early life==
{{Baptist}}
Clarke was born at [[Westhorpe, Suffolk|Westhorpe]] in the county of [[Suffolk]], [[England]] on October 8, 1609, to Thomas and Rose (Kerrich) Clarke. He was one of eight children, six of whom moved to America and settled in New England.

According to the well known genealogical work ''One Hundred and Sixty Allied Families,''by John Osborne Austin (Salem, Massachusetts 1893), Clarke's first wife was Elizabeth Harges, daughter of John Harges. John Clarke was married three times according to this source. His second wife was Jane Fletcher, a widow, and his third wife was Sarah Davis, by whom he left a long line of American descendants.

The source of Clarke's education remains unknown (though some say the University of Leiden), but before arriving in America he had studied [[theology]], languages, and [[medicine]].

==Immigration to New England==
He first immigrated to [[Massachusetts Bay]] in 1637 and then went south to [[Rhode Island]]. Clarke immediately sided with Anne Hutchinson and the Antinomians and was one of those forced into exile by Massachusetts Bay. Clarke learned from [[Roger Williams (theologian)|Roger Williams]] that [[Aquidneck Island]] (Rhode Island) was available, and he, [[William Coddington]], and other settlers purchased it from the Narragansetts. They left Massachusetts and established [[Portsmouth, Rhode Island|Portsmouth]] in 1638. Clarke is one of [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Portsmouth|the signers]] of the [[Portsmouth Compact]].

In 1639 when William Coddington lost control of the Portsmouth settlement, [[List of early settlers of Rhode Island#Founders of Newport|he, Clarke and seven others]] left to found [[Newport, Rhode Island]]. Clarke headed the church in Newport which was Puritan/Separatist congregation, but he had a religious and political falling out with Coddington. The church split with Clarke taking part and eventually [about 1644] emerging with a Baptist church, while most of the others eventually became Quakers when that movement arrived in Rhode Island in the 1650s.

==Establishment of the American Baptist Denomination==
Earlier in late 1638, Roger Williams, Clarke's compatriot in the cause of religious freedom in the New World, had established a Baptist church in [[Providence, Rhode Island]], known as [[First Baptist Church in America]]. Suddenly in 1847, the [[First Baptist Church of Newport]] advanced the claim that it was founded first, and this led to a debate as to which church came first. The major historians have since concluded that the Providence church was first, particularly given the fact that Roger Williams had gathered his church and had resigned as its pastor before Newport was even founded.<ref>Leon McBeth, ''The Baptist Heritage'' (Broadman Press, 1987) p. 136; Bill J. Leonard, ''Baptist Ways: A History,''(Judson Press, 2003), p. 74; Sydney James, ''John Clark and His Legacies,'' (Pennsylvania State University Press, 1999), pp. 15, 26; J. Brent Walker, ''Religious Liberty and Church-State Separation,'' (Baptist History and Heritage Society, 2003), 10.</ref> Even Thomas Bicknell, who regarded Clarke to be far more important than Williams, conceded that the Providence church came first.<ref>Thomas Bicknell, ''The History of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations,'' (American Historical Society, 1920), vol. 2. pp. 204–205, 576.</ref>
[[File:Dr. John Clarke grave.jpg|thumb|right|[[Thomas W. Bicknell]] and others in front of Dr. John Clarke's grave in Newport]]
Dr. Clarke's church in Newport is now known as the "United Baptist Church, John Clarke Memorial, of Newport." (the current church meeting house on Spring Street was constructed in 1846).<ref>http://www.redwoodlibrary.org/notables/clarke.htm</ref> In 1651, John Clarke, [[John Crandall]] and [[Obadiah Holmes]] were arrested and imprisoned in [[Lynn, Massachusetts]] for conducting an illegal worship service. This event (and others like it) served as the basis for Clarke's ''Ill Newes from New England, or a Narrative of New England's Persecutions'' (1652). ''Ill Newes'' contained Clarke's argument for religious freedom. He wrote that "it is not the will of the Lord than any one should have dominion over another man's conscience....[Conscience] is such a sparkling beam from the Father of lights and spirits that it cannot be lorded over, commanded, or forced, either by men, devils, or angels."<ref>John Clarke, ''Ill Newes from New England,'' in ''Colonial Baptists: Massachusetts and Rhode Island,'' in ''The Baptist Tradition.'' Edited by Edwin Gaustad (Arno Press, 1980), p. 6.</ref> One Baptist historian described Clarke as "the Baptist drum major for freedom in seventeenth century America." <ref>Walter B. Shurden, "Baptist Freedom and the Turn toward a Free Conscience: 1612–1652", in ''Turning Points in Baptist History'', (Mercer University Press, 2008), p. 26.</ref>

==King Charles II Charter for Rhode Island and Providence Plantations==
[[File:Charles II of England in Coronation robes.jpg|thumb|left|Charles in his Coronation robes. Painted by [[John Michael Wright]], circa 1661|alt=Charles wearing a crown and ermine-lined cape]]
In November 1651, Clarke traveled to [[London]] with Roger Williams to cancel William Coddington's special patent that made Coddington "Governor for Life" over Aquidneck and Conanicut Islands and to secure a new charter for the colony of Rhode Island. Having succeeded in getting Coddington's charter revoked, Williams returned to Rhode Island in 1654, but Clarke stayed in England as the colony's agent. When the monarchy was restored in 1660 and Rhode Island's charter of 1644 was voided, Clarke worked against great odds to obtain a new charter. On July 8, 1663, [[Charles II of England]] granted a [[Royal Charter of 1663|Royal Charter]] to Rhode Island.<ref>[http://sos.ri.gov/library/history/charter/]</ref><ref>[http://www.christianity.com/ChurchHistory/11630142/]</ref> Clarke wrote the charter, and it contained an explicit guarantee of religious freedom: "that no person within the said colony, at any time hereafter shall be any wise molested [harassed], punished, disquieted, or called in question, for any differences in opinion in matters of religion, and do not actually disturb the civil peace of our said colony; but that all and every person and persons may, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, freely and fully have and enjoy his and their own judgments and consciences, in matters of religious concernments, throughout the tract of land hereafter mentioned, they behaving themselves peaceable and quietly..."

The royal charter's words are carved on the frieze of the Rhode Island State House: "...to hold forth a lively experiment, that a most flourishing civil state may stand and best be maintained...with a full liberty in religious concernments." That charter remained the foundation of government in Rhode Island until 1842.

Clarke and Williams continued to labor together for the cause of religious liberty. While Williams was a Baptist only for a few months, Clarke remained faithful for nearly forty years. Williams concluded that no visible church was valid until Christ sent a new apostle to restore it; therefore, he never affiliated with any other church. Clarke continued as the pastor of his church in Newport until his death. He practiced medicine as a means of financial support. He also served on the General Assembly from 1664 to 1669, and three terms as deputy governor (1669–1672). Clarke died in Newport on April 20, 1676, and is buried in the cemetery on Dr. Marcus Wheatland Boulevard across the street from the rear of the Newport Police Station.<ref>http://www.redwoodlibrary.org/notables/clarke.htm</ref>

==Philanthropy==
His will set up a [[Testamentary Trust|trust]] to be used "for the relief of the poor or bringing up of children unto learning from time to time forever." This trust is generally considered to be the oldest educational trust fund in the [[United States]].<ref>James, ''John Clarke and His Legacies''</ref>

== See also ==
{{Portal|United States|Rhode Island|British Empire|England}}

*[[List of early settlers of Rhode Island]]
*[[List of lieutenant governors of Rhode Island]]
*[[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations]]
{{-}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
*''Dictionary of Baptists in America'', Bill J. Leonard, editor ISBN 0-8308-1447-7
*''John Clarke and His Legacies: Religion and Law in Colonial Rhode Island, 1638–1750'', by Sydney V. James ISBN 0-271-01849-6
*''John Clarke (1609–1676): Pioneer in American Medicine, Democratic Ideals, and Champion of Religious Liberty'', by Louis Franklin Asher ISBN 0-8059-4040-5
*''The Life of Dr. John Clarke'', by Wilbur Nelson
* "Clarke, John." ''The Century Cyclopedia of Names: A Pronouncing and Etymological Dictionary of Names in Geography, Biography, Mythology, History, Ethnology, Art, Archæology, Fiction, Etc.'' New York: Century Co, 1904.

==External links==
*[http://www.redwoodlibrary.org/notables/clarke.htm Newport Notables]
*[http://www.lvbaptist.org/321020.ihtml Pastor John Clarke, M. D.]
*Thomas Williams Bicknell, ''Story of Dr. John Clarke: the founder of the first free commonwealth of the world on the basis of "full liberty in religious concernments,"'' (Providence, RI: Self Published, 1915), pg. 198 [http://books.google.com/books?id=uO5YAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_navlinks_s] (accessible on Google Book Search)
*"The forgotten patriot: One man’s actions forever married religious freedom with democracy" (Boston Globe, 04/28/11) [http://www.boston.com/bostonglobe/editorial_opinion/oped/articles/2011/04/28/the_forgotten_patriot/]

{{Authority control|VIAF=35334293}}

{{Colonial Deputy Governors of Rhode Island}}
{{Rhode Island settlers}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Clarke, John
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =
| DATE OF BIRTH = 8 October 1609
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Westhorpe, Suffolk|Westhorpe]], [[Suffolk]], England
| DATE OF DEATH = 20 April 1676
| PLACE OF DEATH = [[Newport, Rhode Island|Newport]], [[Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations|Rhode Island]]
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clarke, John}}
[[Category:1609 births]]
[[Category:1676 deaths]]
[[Category:17th-century Baptist clergy]]
[[Category:American people of English descent]]
[[Category:American philanthropists]]
[[Category:American Christian theologians]]
[[Category:Baptist clergy from the United States]]
[[Category:New England Puritanism]]
[[Category:People from Mid Suffolk (district)]]
[[Category:Rhode Island colonial people]]
[[Category:Rhode Island politicians]]

[[ru:Кларк, Джон (колонист)]]

Johnny Lee Clary

2013-01-24T22:49:21Z

Tahc: removed Category:American Christian ministers; added Category:American Pentecostal clergy using HotCat

{{Infobox person
| name = Johnny Lee Clary
|image=
| image_size =
| caption = Mr. Clary hosted on ABC discussing his encounters with [[Wade Watts]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|6|18|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Martinez, California|Martinez]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Preacher]], former [[professional wrestler]], Ex KKK Leader
| spouse =
}}

'''Johnny Lee Clary''' (born June 18, 1959) is a former [[Ku Klux Klan]] leader who became a [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal Christian]] and now travels around the globe [[preaching]] the [[gospel]] and teaching against [[racism]] and [[hate groups]] such as the [[Ku Klux Klan]], [[Neo Nazi]]s, and the [[Aryan Nations]]. Clary is known also as the wrestler '''Johnny Angel''' who had success in the 1980s in the [[National Wrestling Federation]] (NWF).

== Family, childhood and youth ==

Johnny Lee Clary was born on June 18, 1959 in [[Martinez, California]]. He was brought up in a racist household, where his father encouraged racist language and treatment of blacks,<ref name="Former KKK Grand Wizard finds new path">''[http://www.religionnewsblog.com/11989 Former KKK Grand Wizard finds new path] by Frank Wallis
</ref> and saw to it that Clary attended an all white church.<ref name="Apostle of Healing">''[http://www.melaniehemry.com/articles/ministerofhate.html Apostle of Healing] by Melanie Hemry
</ref> Although Clary's father, a [[Catholic]], was not a Klansman (the KKK being an [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]] group), Clary states that his uncle, Harold, was a member and that Harold boasted to Clary's father of shooting an [[African-American]] man.<ref name="Apostle of Healing"/>

According to interviews Clary has given, his youth was marred by a violent and tragic family life and also by a lack of stability. At the age of 11 he watched his father kill himself and was subsequently shunted from one family member to another. Eventually he found himself alone in [[East L.A.]] where he became involved in [[gangs]], and joined the Ku Klux Klan by the time he was 14.<ref name="Apostle of Healing"/>

==Wrestling career==

In 1983, Johnny became a [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and was trained (along with his brother Terry Clary) by former [[NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship|NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champion]], [[Danny Hodge]]. Terry began his career under the name Sugar Boy, with Johnny as his manager under the name ''Der Kommisar'' after a 1980s [[Der Kommissar (song)|new wave song]] of that name. Terry is most notable for almost holding the NWA World Jr. Heavyweight Title for a very brief period. The storyline had Terry defeat then-champion Danny Hodge after Johnny (portraying a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] managerial character) reached under the ropes during the match and tripped Hodge with a cane, and then had the decision reversed due to Johnny's "interference."

Terry continued to wrestle, changing his name to Buddy "Bad Man" Savage. Johnny left wrestling management and began wrestling by himself, using the name Johnny Angel. He was given the NWF/NWA Arkansas Heavyweight Title in 1986 and appeared on shows for Kansas City All Star Wrestling with the [[National Wrestling Association]]. Later he joined the [[National Wrestling Federation]] and competed against some notable wrestlers such as [[DC Drake]], [[Wendi Richter]], and [[Sgt. Slaughter]].

Johnny Angel, was [[DC Drake]]'s last manager in the NWF. Clary represented Drake just prior to Drake's retirement. The most memorable event between the two occurred in Kalispell, Montana when Drake was set to meet [[Sgt. Slaughter]] to defend his title. Clary arrived in the Kalispell area about a week before the match and created an uproar on local radio and television programs. The night of the match, over 5000 fans wanted Clary's head on a platter. In the match, Clary interfered and cost Slaughter the belt, a near riot ensued and both Drake and Clary needed a police escort back to the dressing area. Clary also represented the Spanish Angel that night in a match against NWF Ladies Champion [[Wendi Richter]]. Clary interfered continuously in this match as well and barely made it back to the locker area. After the match, the Montana State Police suggested that Clary not return to their state. Drake and Clary remain friends to this day.

"When I met Johnny, I had no idea of his background or what he was involved in (the KKK). It was many years later, after reading his book, that I realized the extent and depth of his involvement in the Klan. The fact that he made a break from his past and has become a successful evangelist is a credit to him and shows the strength of his current convictions. Johnny's wrestling career could have been so much more successful if he had not been burdened with the hatred he carried with him from his childhood. But his story is one of redemption. No experience is a waste if lessons are learned. And in Johnny's case, he took these lessons and has made a choice to share these experiences with others. His life is an inspiration for all and almost runs parallel with the underlying storyline that has made professional wrestling so successful—good can and will overcome evil. He lives that philosophy daily and continues to spread that message."
-- [[DC Drake]]

Johnny held the Arkansas Heavyweight title successfully several times between 1986 and 1988, even winning matches against his brother Terry (under the Buddy Savage moniker). Johnny retired from wrestling on July 30, 1988 in Grove, Oklahoma after winning a 10-Man Battle Royal. At the time of his retirement, he was still the Arkansas Heavyweight Champion. In 2002 he made a one-time return to professional wrestling, competing against [[Buddy Landel|"Nature Boy" Buddy Landel]] at a show in North Carolina in 2002.

== Racism and conversion to an anti-racism preacher ==

While wrestling, Clary continued his involvement in the KKK. According to his interviews with several media outlets, Clary became the [[Grand Dragon]] of the Oklahoma arm of the [[White Knights Of The Ku Klux Klan]]. Clary claims to have become increasingly disillusioned with the KKK even as he rose through its ranks. He mentions a first brush with [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Christianity]] in the mid-to-late 1980s but, he claims, was scared into returning to the KKK and went on to become the [[Imperial Wizard]] of the whole White Knights organization in 1989.<ref name="Enough Rope">{{Cite web
|title=Enough Rope with Andrew Denton
|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1453904.htm
|accessdate=2006-09-02
|date=2005-09-05
|format=Official show transcript
|publisher=abc.net.au}}</ref> During his leadership the White Knights did not garner much media attention for their activities, but Clary was an active spokesperson for the Klan, defending racism and violence against non-whites. In this role he appeared on syndicated talk shows including those hosted by [[Oprah Winfrey]] and [[Morton Downey, Jr]].<ref name="Former Klansman addresses his past">''[http://www.lincolntimesnews.com/?p=4298 Former Klansman addresses his past] by Jon Mayhew</ref>

In interviews Clary asserts that he left the KKK for good in 1990 and joined an evangelical church. This time he stayed with the church and in 1991 began preaching. He teamed up with [[Wade Watts]], a preacher and former leader of the Oklahoma chapter of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP) with whom he had previously sparred on numerous occasions during his time in the KKK.<ref name="Not a chance encounter, but a divine appointment">''[http://www.johnnyleeclary.com/files/page.php?p=112 Not a chance encounter, but a divine appointment] by Dana Williamson</ref>

The story of Clary's conversion from a Klansman to an anti-racism preacher has drawn the attention of numerous Christian media outlets and several national Australian talk shows. Clary has also appeared on national US talk shows such as "Donahue", and "Geraldo", discussing racial issues in the USA.<ref name="Charisma Magazine article on Clary">''[http://www.charismamag.com/site-archives/570-news/featured-news/8203-former-kkk-leader-ordained-in-black-pentecostal-denomination Former KKK Leader Works With Black Pentecostal Denomination]</ref>

Johnny Lee Clary is now an ordained minister under [[Jimmy Swaggart]] and lives in Baton Rouge, La.<ref name="Jimmy Swaggart Ordains Johnny Lee Clary">''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeRMGXGuEos Jimmy Swaggart Ordains Johnny Lee Clary]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Professional wrestling}}
*''[[The Day I Met God]]'' (book)
*[[Leaders of the Ku Klux Klan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.xkkk.org Johnny Lee Clary’s Home Page]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lja2YuZNEtQ Segment of Billy Joe Daugherty's "Power of Forgiveness" Video with Johnny Lee Clary 3:09]
*[http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200605/r84424_246700.ram ABC Radio interview The Conversation Hour] One hour audio which has Clary on second half @ 31:03.
*[http://www.religionnewsblog.com/11989 ReligionNewsBlog.com] Former KKK Grand Wizard finds new path
*[http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/j/johnny-angel.html Profile for "Johnny Angel" on onlineworldofwrestling.com]
*[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1453904.htm Johnny Lee Clary interview on ABC TV Enough Rope]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGRDY0ZkP7A-gaw Johnny Lee Clary on Pat Robertson's 700 Club]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeRMGXGuEos Jimmy Swaggart & Donnie Swaggart ordain Johnny Lee Clary into Jimmy Swaggart Ministries]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Clary, Johnny Lee
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American professional wrestler
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 18, 1959
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Martinez, California|Martinez]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clary, Johnny Lee}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:African Americans' rights activists]]
[[Category:American Pentecostal clergy]]
[[Category:American evangelists]]
[[Category:Ku Klux Klan members]]
[[Category:People from Contra Costa County, California]]
[[Category:Gang members]]

Bobby Blake

2013-01-24T22:42:05Z

Tahc: removed Category:American Christian ministers using HotCat

{{Infobox adult biography
| name = Bobby Blake
|image= |
| caption =
| birth_date = August 11, 1957
| birthname = Edgar Gaines
| spouse =
| death_date =
| height = 6'9" (206 cm) <ref>[http://www.chocolatemen4hire.com/prgretuser.php?PHPSESSID=c832da9640a354ad36dfb8e52797420a&adv_id=748# Find The Chocolate You Need!]. CHOCOLATE MEN 4 HIRE. Retrieved on 2012-09-10.</ref>
| weight = 235 lb
| ethnicity = [[African American]]
| alias =
| films =
| number of films = 107 (per IAFD)<ref name=IAFD>{{Iafd name|BobbyBlake|m|Bobby Blake}}. Retrieved on 2007-12-14.</ref>
| website = http://www.bobbyblake.net
| spelling = US
}}
'''Bobby Blake''' (born '''Edgar Gaines''' on August 11, 1957 in [[Memphis, Tennessee]]) is a retired [[African American]] [[pornographic actor]] best known as a dominant [[Top and bottom in sex and BDSM|top]] in [[gay]] [[adult film]]s.

==Biography==
[[File:My Life in Porn Cover.jpg|thumb|left|The cover of Blake's book, ''My Life in Porn'']]
Bobby Blake grew up in [[Tennessee]]. He went to [[Los Angeles]] in the 1980s and worked as an [[erotic dancer]]. On the advice of a friend, he visited a gay sex club owned by porn actor Paul Hanson. Impressed with Blake's performance, Hanson recommended him to adult film [[Film producer|producers]] who cast him in his first film, ''Ebony Knights''.

Known for working alongside veterans and adult film performers such as Gene LaMar and J.C. Carter, Blake appeared in over 100 films<ref name=IAFD /> playing aggressive and dominant [[Top and bottom in sex and BDSM|top]] roles. He retired from adult films in 2000 and became an ordained [[Christian]] minister.

Bobby Blake is well known for his final porn movie titled "Niggas' Revenge" in which he plays a condemner of white supremacists and aims to re-educate these wrong doers. Whilst filming this movie, two actors were concussed on set as a result of Bobby Blake's vigorous movements. Filming stopped as a result and the two men were brought round with proper hydration. Bobby is celebrated for his muscular frame and his intimidatingly commanding presence, which is what the two men said was a cause for their black outs along with their nervousness for performing under him.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.dickwadd.com/osc/actor.php?actor=42|title=Bobby Blake – Dickwadd}}</ref>

In 2002, Blake appeared at a safer sex workshop in St. Louis, Missouri where he spoke to other men who have sex with men about safer sex and risk reduction of HIV and STDs. He was falsely accused of stripping and having sex at the event. As a result the sponsored agency lost some of its federal funding. The accusation of stripping and sex was made by a disgruntled employee of the sponsored agency and never proven.
[[File:Bobby&Flex2.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Bobby Blake and his ex-partner [[Flex-Deon Blake]].]]
Blake now criticizes the adult film industry as corrupt and advises young people not to enter it. He also opposes [[same-sex marriage]] but favors other means for securing gay rights like [[civil unions]].

In 2007, Blake appeared on the CD by [[rap artist]] Trudog titled ''Booty Ain't Got No Face''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.trudogrecords.com/|title=Trudog Records|accessdate=2007-12-14}}</ref>

As of 2007, Blake is studying for a [[master's degree]] in criminal justice. He has written a book which tells about his youth and experiences in the adult film industry. Published by the Running Press of Philadelphia in 2008, it has the title, ''My Life in Porn.'' Blake depicts himself as the biblical "prodigal son" who "had to leave [his] church and the place of [his] birth and go out there in the far country."<ref name="Gordon">Blake, p. 9.</ref> However, he continues, "in all the years I was working in the adult entertainment business I never turned my back on God or the Bible teachings I had grown up with."<ref name="Gordon" /> Blake emphasizes that he has no regrets about his lifestyle, interpreting it as part of God's plan for him: "Now that it's over I can accept that that journey was all part of God's plan for me.".<ref>Blake, p. 277.</ref>

== Partial videography ==

* ''Get Hooked on This''
* ''Black Workout 10''
* ''Black Sex Party #3''
* ''Black Ballers''
* ''Black Ballers 2''
* ''Black Power''
* ''Nigga's Revenge''
* ''The Underboss''

== See also ==

*[[List of male performers in gay porn films]]

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==Bibliography==
*{{cite book|author=Blake, Bobby |title=My Life in Porn: The Bobby Blake Story|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=50CxeNYDN3AC|date=2008|publisher=Running Press|isbn=978-0-7867-2096-5}}

== Further reading ==

*{{cite news|author=Herndon L. Davis|title=Jesus, Porn and Gay Marriage: The Life of Rev. Bobby Blake |url=http://www.gaywired.com/article.cfm?section=114&id=17308|work=GayWired.com |date=2007-11-23|accessdate=2007-12-14}}
*{{cite news|title=Stripped of funding: officials say porn star Bobby Blake was paid with federal funds to strip – AIDS |url=http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2002_Dec_10/ai_95206707 |work=[[The Advocate]] |date=2002-12-10|accessdate=2007-12-14 |archiveurl = http://web.archive.org/web/20071024034122/http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1589/is_2002_Dec_10/ai_95206707 |archivedate = 2007-10-24}}
*{{cite news|author=Ari Bendersky|title=AIDS group leaders fired over porn flap |url=http://www.planetout.com/news/article-print.html?2002/11/07/2 |publisher=[[PlanetOut]] |date=2002-11-07|accessdate=2007-12-14}} {{Dead link|date=October 2010|bot=H3llBot}}

==External links==
* {{IMDb name|0086495|Bobby Blake}}
* {{iafd name|id=BobbyBlake|gender=male|name=Bobby Blake}}
* {{afdb name|id=5992|gender=male|name=Bobby Blake}}
* [http://www.brightcove.tv/title.jsp?title=1254116099&channel=1243585462 Interview] with Clay Cane '''(audio)'''
* [http://bananation.blogspot.com/2007/11/bobby-blake-exclusive-interview.html Interview] at Bananation

{{Authority control|VIAF=19493118}}
{{Persondata 
| NAME = Blake, Bobby
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American pornographic actor
| DATE OF BIRTH = 1958
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Blake, Bobby}}
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:1958 births]]
[[Category:African-American pornographic film actors]]
[[Category:American actors in gay pornographic films]]
[[Category:People from Memphis, Tennessee]]
[[Category:Pornographic film actors from Tennessee]]

[[fr:Bobby Blake]]
[[sh:Bobby Blake]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2013-01-16T21:42:51Z

Tahc: Spelling/grammar correction

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Due to similarities in churchmanship and [[apostolic succession]]<ref name="OACS2012">Apostolic Succession of OAC bishops 2012[http://charlotteanglican.org/uploads/apostolic_succession_orthodox_anglican_church_2012.pdf]</ref> it is now considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church predates the movement and its presiding bishop was publicly critical of the jurisdictions created during the late 1970s.<ref>"Bishop Dees Reviews St. Louis Convention". ''Statesville Record & Landmark''. September 26, 1977.</ref> The church was incorporated on March 6, 1964,<ref name="NCgov">[http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592 North Carolina Secretary of State]</ref> as the Anglican Orthodox Church by Episcopalians who were alarmed at what they considered to be liberal trends in the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]].<ref name="TGG">''The Greatest Generation'' by Tom Brokaw, Random House, p. 58 (May 11, 2004)</ref> Having had its first bishop consecrated on Passion Sunday in 1964 the church in 2014 will mark 50 years as a jurisdiction of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church. The Church will also mark the 50th anniversary of its incorporation in the state of North Carolina March 6, 2014.

==History==
The church was founded as a conservative alternative to the Episcopal Church, with [[apostolic succession]] being initially preserved through [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lines. For more than the first 25 years of its history the church was led by Bishop James Parker Dees and practiced a very [[low church]] variety of Anglicanism, even limiting the celebration of [[Eucharist|Communion]] to once a month. Though his churchmanship was consistent with much of Anglicanism in the American South, Dees views did not play as well to a wider audience. Issues of churchmanship represented some of the difficulties other conservative Anglicans had with Bishop Dees, many of whom opted to form new jurisdictions rather than deal with Dees. Dees views were also an issue with some of his most gifted ministers such as [[Richard Boyce (bishop)]], Walter Grundorf, and [[Tony Clavier]], both of which left Dees and became leaders and bishops in other Anglican jurisdictions.

Upon the death of James Parker Dees, [[Stephen C. Reber]], at the time a priest of the jurisdiction, was unanimously nominated by the Standing Committee to succeed Dees. Shortly after his nomination the Standing Committee attempted to limit the future Presiding Bishop's authority. Reber responded by withdrawing his name and left to serve in the United Episcopal Church of North America where he served for many years as the Presiding Bishop. This tension between a Standing Committee closely associated with the founding bishop, and the current Presiding Bishop would cause problems throughout the 1990's.

In 1999, the Presiding Bishop, Robert Godfrey, and the majority of the clergy and laity met in synod and decided to align the church closer to the liturgical standards of the majority of the [[Continuing Anglican]] jurisdictions. Lay leaders close to the founding bishop, and a minority of clergy, who were opposed to the changes, negotiated a legal settlement to form a "new entity" with the [[Anglican Orthodox Church]] name.<ref> name="govNC">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Corp.aspx?PitemId=5376967</</ref> Some time later the splinter group made [[Jerry L. Ogles]] its first Presiding Bishop.

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]]. Bishop McLaughlin was the fourth Presiding Bishop of the church. In order to match the name of its international communion founded in 1969, in 2005 the U.S. jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Filings.aspx?PItemId=4584592</ref>

Bishop Godfrey and Bishop McLaughlin were signatories to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999. Bishop McLaughlin in 2007 signed a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref> The Old Catholic Church of Slovakia had suceded from the Utrecht Union in 2004 because of the Union's approval of women's ordination and same-sex blessings.

On Ash Wednesday 2012, Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and nominated [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. His nomination was confirmed by a vote of the General Convention of the Orthodox Anglican Church on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church was dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002. Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary is headquartered in [[Charlotte, North Carolina]].

The Orthodox Anglican Church offices are in [[Myrtle Beach, South Carolina]]. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]].

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]

[[it:Chiesa Anglicana Ortodossa]]

Johnny Lee Clary

2013-01-10T03:41:20Z

Tahc: removed Category:Christian ministers; added Category:American Christian ministers using HotCat

{{Infobox person
| name = Johnny Lee Clary
|image=
| image_size =
| caption = Mr. Clary hosted on ABC discussing his encounters with [[Wade Watts]]
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1959|6|18|mf=y}}
| birth_place = [[Martinez, California|Martinez]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| death_date =
| death_place =
| occupation = [[Preacher]], former [[professional wrestler]], Ex KKK Leader
| spouse =
}}

'''Johnny Lee Clary''' (born June 18, 1959) is a former [[Ku Klux Klan]] leader who became a [[Pentecostalism|Pentecostal Christian]] and now travels around the globe [[preaching]] the [[gospel]] and teaching against [[racism]] and [[hate groups]] such as the [[Ku Klux Klan]], [[Neo Nazi]]s, and the [[Aryan Nations]]. Clary is known also as the wrestler '''Johnny Angel''' who had success in the 1980s in the [[National Wrestling Federation]] (NWF).

== Family, childhood and youth ==

Johnny Lee Clary was born on June 18, 1959 in [[Martinez, California]]. He was brought up in a racist household, where his father encouraged racist language and treatment of blacks,<ref name="Former KKK Grand Wizard finds new path">''[http://www.religionnewsblog.com/11989 Former KKK Grand Wizard finds new path] by Frank Wallis
</ref> and saw to it that Clary attended an all white church.<ref name="Apostle of Healing">''[http://www.melaniehemry.com/articles/ministerofhate.html Apostle of Healing] by Melanie Hemry
</ref> Although Clary's father, a [[Catholic]], was not a Klansman (the KKK being an [[Anti-Catholicism|anti-Catholic]] group), Clary states that his uncle, Harold, was a member and that Harold boasted to Clary's father of shooting an [[African-American]] man.<ref name="Apostle of Healing"/>

According to interviews Clary has given, his youth was marred by a violent and tragic family life and also by a lack of stability. At the age of 11 he watched his father kill himself and was subsequently shunted from one family member to another. Eventually he found himself alone in [[East L.A.]] where he became involved in [[gangs]], and joined the Ku Klux Klan by the time he was 14.<ref name="Apostle of Healing"/>

==Wrestling career==

In 1983, Johnny became a [[Professional wrestling|professional wrestler]] and was trained (along with his brother Terry Clary) by former [[NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship|NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champion]], [[Danny Hodge]]. Terry began his career under the name Sugar Boy, with Johnny as his manager under the name ''Der Kommisar'' after a 1980s [[Der Kommissar (song)|new wave song]] of that name. Terry is most notable for almost holding the NWA World Jr. Heavyweight Title for a very brief period. The storyline had Terry defeat then-champion Danny Hodge after Johnny (portraying a [[heel (professional wrestling)|heel]] managerial character) reached under the ropes during the match and tripped Hodge with a cane, and then had the decision reversed due to Johnny's "interference."

Terry continued to wrestle, changing his name to Buddy "Bad Man" Savage. Johnny left wrestling management and began wrestling by himself, using the name Johnny Angel. He was given the NWF/NWA Arkansas Heavyweight Title in 1986 and appeared on shows for Kansas City All Star Wrestling with the [[National Wrestling Association]]. Later he joined the [[National Wrestling Federation]] and competed against some notable wrestlers such as [[DC Drake]], [[Wendi Richter]], and [[Sgt. Slaughter]].

Johnny Angel, was [[DC Drake]]'s last manager in the NWF. Clary represented Drake just prior to Drake's retirement. The most memorable event between the two occurred in Kalispell, Montana when Drake was set to meet [[Sgt. Slaughter]] to defend his title. Clary arrived in the Kalispell area about a week before the match and created an uproar on local radio and television programs. The night of the match, over 5000 fans wanted Clary's head on a platter. In the match, Clary interfered and cost Slaughter the belt, a near riot ensued and both Drake and Clary needed a police escort back to the dressing area. Clary also represented the Spanish Angel that night in a match against NWF Ladies Champion [[Wendi Richter]]. Clary interfered continuously in this match as well and barely made it back to the locker area. After the match, the Montana State Police suggested that Clary not return to their state. Drake and Clary remain friends to this day.

"When I met Johnny, I had no idea of his background or what he was involved in (the KKK). It was many years later, after reading his book, that I realized the extent and depth of his involvement in the Klan. The fact that he made a break from his past and has become a successful evangelist is a credit to him and shows the strength of his current convictions. Johnny's wrestling career could have been so much more successful if he had not been burdened with the hatred he carried with him from his childhood. But his story is one of redemption. No experience is a waste if lessons are learned. And in Johnny's case, he took these lessons and has made a choice to share these experiences with others. His life is an inspiration for all and almost runs parallel with the underlying storyline that has made professional wrestling so successful—good can and will overcome evil. He lives that philosophy daily and continues to spread that message."
-- [[DC Drake]]

Johnny held the Arkansas Heavyweight title successfully several times between 1986 and 1988, even winning matches against his brother Terry (under the Buddy Savage moniker). Johnny retired from wrestling on July 30, 1988 in Grove, Oklahoma after winning a 10-Man Battle Royal. At the time of his retirement, he was still the Arkansas Heavyweight Champion. In 2002 he made a one-time return to professional wrestling, competing against [[Buddy Landel|"Nature Boy" Buddy Landel]] at a show in North Carolina in 2002.

== Racism and conversion to an anti-racism preacher ==

While wrestling, Clary continued his involvement in the KKK. According to his interviews with several media outlets, Clary became the [[Grand Dragon]] of the Oklahoma arm of the [[White Knights Of The Ku Klux Klan]]. Clary claims to have become increasingly disillusioned with the KKK even as he rose through its ranks. He mentions a first brush with [[Evangelicalism|evangelical Christianity]] in the mid-to-late 1980s but, he claims, was scared into returning to the KKK and went on to become the [[Imperial Wizard]] of the whole White Knights organization in 1989.<ref name="Enough Rope">{{Cite web
|title=Enough Rope with Andrew Denton
|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1453904.htm
|accessdate=2006-09-02
|date=2005-09-05
|format=Official show transcript
|publisher=abc.net.au}}</ref> During his leadership the White Knights did not garner much media attention for their activities, but Clary was an active spokesperson for the Klan, defending racism and violence against non-whites. In this role he appeared on syndicated talk shows including those hosted by [[Oprah Winfrey]] and [[Morton Downey, Jr]].<ref name="Former Klansman addresses his past">''[http://www.lincolntimesnews.com/?p=4298 Former Klansman addresses his past] by Jon Mayhew</ref>

In interviews Clary asserts that he left the KKK for good in 1990 and joined an evangelical church. This time he stayed with the church and in 1991 began preaching. He teamed up with [[Wade Watts]], a preacher and former leader of the Oklahoma chapter of the [[National Association for the Advancement of Colored People]] (NAACP) with whom he had previously sparred on numerous occasions during his time in the KKK.<ref name="Not a chance encounter, but a divine appointment">''[http://www.johnnyleeclary.com/files/page.php?p=112 Not a chance encounter, but a divine appointment] by Dana Williamson</ref>

The story of Clary's conversion from a Klansman to an anti-racism preacher has drawn the attention of numerous Christian media outlets and several national Australian talk shows. Clary has also appeared on national US talk shows such as "Donahue", and "Geraldo", discussing racial issues in the USA.<ref name="Charisma Magazine article on Clary">''[http://www.charismamag.com/site-archives/570-news/featured-news/8203-former-kkk-leader-ordained-in-black-pentecostal-denomination Former KKK Leader Works With Black Pentecostal Denomination]</ref>

Johnny Lee Clary is now an ordained minister under [[Jimmy Swaggart]] and lives in Baton Rouge, La.<ref name="Jimmy Swaggart Ordains Johnny Lee Clary">''[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeRMGXGuEos Jimmy Swaggart Ordains Johnny Lee Clary]</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal|Professional wrestling}}
*''[[The Day I Met God]]'' (book)
*[[Leaders of the Ku Klux Klan]]

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.xkkk.org Johnny Lee Clary’s Home Page]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lja2YuZNEtQ Segment of Billy Joe Daugherty's "Power of Forgiveness" Video with Johnny Lee Clary 3:09]
*[http://www.abc.net.au/reslib/200605/r84424_246700.ram ABC Radio interview The Conversation Hour] One hour audio which has Clary on second half @ 31:03.
*[http://www.religionnewsblog.com/11989 ReligionNewsBlog.com] Former KKK Grand Wizard finds new path
*[http://www.onlineworldofwrestling.com/profiles/j/johnny-angel.html Profile for "Johnny Angel" on onlineworldofwrestling.com]
*[http://www.abc.net.au/tv/enoughrope/transcripts/s1453904.htm Johnny Lee Clary interview on ABC TV Enough Rope]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QGRDY0ZkP7A-gaw Johnny Lee Clary on Pat Robertson's 700 Club]
*[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeRMGXGuEos Jimmy Swaggart & Donnie Swaggart ordain Johnny Lee Clary into Jimmy Swaggart Ministries]

{{Persondata 
| NAME = Clary, Johnny Lee
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = American professional wrestler
| DATE OF BIRTH = June 18, 1959
| PLACE OF BIRTH = [[Martinez, California|Martinez]], [[California]], [[United States|U.S.]]
| DATE OF DEATH =
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Clary, Johnny Lee}}
[[Category:1959 births]]
[[Category:Living people]]
[[Category:American professional wrestlers]]
[[Category:African Americans' rights activists]]
[[Category:American Christian ministers]]
[[Category:American evangelists]]
[[Category:Ku Klux Klan members]]
[[Category:People from Contra Costa County, California]]
[[Category:Gang members]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2012-11-07T23:04:58Z

Tahc: /* History */ "forced" is a POV

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Due to similarities in churchmanship and [[apostolic succession]]<ref name="OACS2012">Apostolic Succession of OAC bishops 2012[[http://charlotteanglican.org/uploads/apostolic_succession_orthodox_anglican_church_2012.pdf]</ref> it is now considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church predates the movement and its presiding bishop was publicly critical of Continuing Anglicanism when it developed during the late 1970s.<ref>"Bishop Dees Reviews St. Louis Convention". ''Statesville Record & Landmark''. September 26, 1977.</ref> The church was incorporated on March 6, 1964,<ref name="NCgov">[http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Corp.aspx?PitemId=4584592 North Carolina Secretary of State]</ref> as the Anglican Orthodox Church by Episcopalians who were alarmed at what they considered to be liberal trends in the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]].<ref name="TGG">''The Greatest Generation'' by Tom Brokaw, Random House, p. 58 (May 11, 2004)</ref>

==History==
The church was founded as a conservative alternative to the Episcopal Church, with [[apostolic succession]] being initially preserved through [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lines. For more than the first 30 years of its history the church practiced a very [[low church]] variety of Anglicanism, even limiting the celebration of [[Eucharist|Communion]] to once a month. Then, in 1999, the Presiding Bishop, Robert Godfrey, and the majority of the clergy and laity met in synod and decided to align the church closer to the liturgical standards of the majority of the [[Continuing Anglican]] jurisdictions.<ref name="NCgov4">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/imaging/Dime/IVTIFF_8547893.pdf</ref> Laity close to the founding bishop, and a minority of clergy, who were opposed to the changes, negotiated a legal settlement to form a "new entity" with the [[Anglican Orthodox Church]] name.<ref> name="govNC">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/imaging/Dime/IVTIFF_5206144.pdf{{dead link}}</</ref>

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]]. Bishop McLaughlin was the fourth Presiding Bishop of the church. In order to match the name of its international communion founded in 1969, in 2005 the U.S. jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/imaging/Dime/IVTIFF_14667583.pdf</ref>

Bishop McLaughlin was a signatory to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999 and in 2007 to a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref>

On Ash Wednesday 2012,{{clarify|date=September 2012}} Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and nominated [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. His nomination was confirmed by a vote of the General Convention of the Orthodox Anglican Church on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church was dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002.

The Orthodox Anglican Church offices and Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary are in [[Thomasville, North Carolina]]. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global Orthodox Anglican Communion.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://eoc.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]

[[it:Chiesa Anglicana Ortodossa]]

Orthodox Anglican Church

2012-10-21T04:39:47Z

Tahc: /* Institutions */ Creighton Jones,

{{Continuing Anglican}}
The '''Orthodox Anglican Church''' ('''OAC''') is the American branch of the [[Orthodox Anglican Communion]]. Due to similarities in churchmanship and shared [[apostolic succession]] it is now considered to be part of the [[Continuing Anglican movement]], although the church predates the movement and its presiding bishop was publicly critical of Continuing Anglicanism when it developed during the late 1970s.<ref>"Bishop Dees Reviews St. Louis Convention". ''Statesville Record & Landmark''. September 26, 1977.</ref> The church was incorporated on March 6, 1964,<ref name="NCgov">[http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/corporations/Corp.aspx?PitemId=4584592 North Carolina Secretary of State]</ref> as the Anglican Orthodox Church by Episcopalians who were alarmed at what they considered to be liberal trends in the [[Episcopal Church in the United States of America]].<ref name="TGG">''The Greatest Generation'' by Tom Brokaw, Random House, p. 58 (May 11, 2004)</ref>

==History==
The church was founded as a conservative alternative to the Episcopal Church, with [[apostolic succession]] being initially preserved through [[Eastern Orthodox]] and [[Old Catholic]] lines. For more than the first 30 years of its history the church practiced a very [[low church]] variety of Anglicanism, even limiting the celebration of [[Eucharist|Communion]] to once a month. Then, in 1999, the Presiding Bishop, Robert Godfrey, and the majority of the clergy and laity met in synod and decided to align the church closer to the liturgical standards of the majority of the [[Continuing Anglican]] jurisdictions.<ref name="NCgov4">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/imaging/Dime/IVTIFF_8547893.pdf</ref> Laity close to the founding bishop, and a minority of clergy, who were opposed to the changes, were forced under a negotiated legal settlement to form a "new entity" with the [[Anglican Orthodox Church]] name.<ref> name="govNC">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/imaging/Dime/IVTIFF_5206144.pdf</ref>

On April 30, 2000, Bishop Godfrey retired as Presiding Bishop in favor of his suffragan bishop, [[Scott Earle McLaughlin]]. Bishop McLaughlin was the fourth Presiding Bishop of the church. In order to match the name of its international communion founded in 1969, in 2005 the U.S. jurisdiction changed its name from the Episcopal Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of America to the Orthodox Anglican Church.<ref name="NCgov3">http://www.secretary.state.nc.us/imaging/Dime/IVTIFF_14667583.pdf</ref>

Bishop McLaughlin was a signatory to the [[Bartonville Agreement]] in 1999 and in 2007 to a Covenant of Intercommunion between the OAC and the Old Catholic Church in Slovakia, represented by the Most Revd Augustin Bacinsky.<ref name="coi">[http://orthodoxanglican.net/images/OACOCS.pdf A Covenant Between The Old Catholic Church In Slovakia and the Orthodox Anglican Church] April 25, 2007.</ref>

On Ash Wednesday 2012,{{clarify|date=September 2012}} Archbishop McLaughlin announced his retirement and nominated [[Creighton Jones]] of [[Myrtle Beach]], [[South Carolina]] to be his successor. His nomination was confirmed by a vote of the General Convention of the Orthodox Anglican Church on June 9, 2012. Jones was consecrated as a bishop and enthroned as the Presiding Bishop and Metropolitan Archbishop on July 21, 2012, at the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd in Myrtle Beach, South Carolina.

==Institutions==
Cranmer Seminary, the theological educational institution of the church was dedicated on September 19, 1971, and then incorporated in 1975. The school was renamed [[Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary]] in 2002.

The Orthodox Anglican Church offices and Saint Andrew's Theological College and Seminary are in [[Thomasville, North Carolina]]. The Presiding Bishop of the American church, [[Creighton Jones]], also serves as Metropolitan of the global Orthodox Anglican Communion.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://eoc.orthodoxanglican.net/ Orthodox Anglican Church website]
*[http://www.orthodoxanglican.net Orthodox Anglican Communion website]
*[http://divinityschool.org/ St. Andrew's Theological College & Seminary website]

[[Category:Religious organizations established in 1964]]
[[Category:Continuing Anglican denominations]]

[[it:Chiesa Anglicana Ortodossa]]