https://de.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=feedcontributions&feedformat=atom&user=TFighterPilotWikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]2025-05-17T16:33:46ZBenutzerbeiträgeMediaWiki 1.45.0-wmf.1https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Diskussion:Proteste_in_Israel_2011/2012&diff=93640515Diskussion:Proteste in Israel 2011/20122011-09-14T12:15:41Z<p>TFighterPilot: /* Editwar zum „Arabischen Frühling“ */</p>
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<div>== Lebenshaltungskosten ==<br />
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Nach allem, was ich von relativer und absoluter Armut gelesen habe, ist die Einstufung unabhängig von den Lebenshaltungskosten. ''"etwa ein Viertel der Bevölkerung lebt unter der Armutsgrenze. Wegen hoher Lebenshaltungskosten sind davon sogar Familien mit zwei in Vollzeit arbeitenden Mitgliedern betroffen"'' ist daher fragwürdig. Aber vielleicht versteht jemand mehr davon als ich? --[[Benutzer:Slartibartfass|Slartibartfass]] 19:48, 5. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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:Du hast vollkommen Recht, die Zusammenhänge sind bestenfalls indirekt. Ich hatte da die Armutsgrenze unzulässig mit der Formulierung „[die es] kaum schaffen, die eigene Familie über Wasser zu halten“ verquickt. Jetzt habe ich es abgeändert (der zweite Satz lautet stattdessen „Hinzu kommen hohe Lebenshaltungskosten, die oft sogar von Familien mit zwei in Vollzeit arbeitenden Mitgliedern kaum bestritten werden können“), so dass kein direkter Zusammenhang mehr hergestellt ist. Danke für den Hinweis! -- [[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 18:44, 6. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::Es ist so dass das Einkommen in Israel recht hoch, vergleichbar mit dem in Westeuropa, allerdings sind die Lebenshaltungskosten höher als in Westeuropa (Militär...), daher ist der Lebensstandard niedriger--[[Benutzer:Antemister|Antemister]] 23:32, 6. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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== Was fehlt ==<br />
Zu den Hintergründen fehlt mal einiges, der ganze Hintergrund mit den hohen Mieten, der sozialen Ungleichheit, dem hohen Staatsausgaben für Militär und Subventionen, die geschichtliche Entwicklung (Israel hatte zur Zeit seiner Gründung die wohl homogenste EInkommenverteilung der Welt, heute eine der ungleichsten aller Industriestaaten), so etwas sollte hier rein. Ist die Bezeichnung "Israelischer Sommer" eigentlich nur eine Erfindung der BRD-Presse?--[[Benutzer:Antemister|Antemister]] 23:32, 6. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:Servus Antemister. Das Problem der sozialen Ungleichheit ist im Artikel kurz angesprochen, ausführlichere Infos sollten mMn eher in den verlinkten [[Israel#Soziale_Situation|Hauptartikel]]. Zu den hohen Staatsausgaben für Militär und (Siedler-)Subventionen mache ich mir schon Gedanken, da wird in den nächsten Tagen was kommen. Details zu den Mieten (außer, dass sie extrem hoch sind) und zur geschichtlichen Entwicklung kenne ich nicht, da würde ich mich über Hilfe freuen. Und die Bezeichnung "Israelischer Sommer" höre ich gerade zum ersten Mal… naja, mal schauen wie sich das entwickelt. -- [[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 23:57, 6. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::Ohne jetzt Spezialist für die den israelischen Wohnungsmarkt zu sein, diese hohen Mieten sind zumindest zum Teil durch die starke Zentralisierung des Landes bedingt. Jeder will in [[Gusch Dan]] wohnen, und die [[Israelische Entwicklungsstadt|Entwicklungsstädte]] haben das Problem nicht gelöst. Bei Interesse kann ich dir Daten zur sozialen Schichtung aus drei Jahrezehnten schicken--[[Benutzer:Antemister|Antemister]] 20:51, 7. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::Zu deinem Edit vorhin:[http://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proteste_in_Israel_2011&diff=93380518&oldid=93380382]<br />
Prinzipiell sehe ich das ein, allerdings ist mir die Aussage jetzt zu "weichgespült": Das Problem ist ja nicht, dass die Siedler überhaupt unterstützt werden (zumindest habe ich diese Position noch nirgendwo gefunden); das Problem ist vielmehr, dass sie mit Vorteilen geradezu überhäuft werden (Landkauf unter dem Marktpreis, Steuervorteile, …). Aus der Unterstützung werde ich daher gleich wieder eine "starke Unterstützung" machen.<br />
Die Völkerrechtslage hingegen… die gehört wohl doch eher in den Artikel zu den Siedlungen und ist zu komplex für ein einzelnes Wort, da hast du Recht.[[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 21:56, 7. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::Bzgl. der Daten hab ich dir eine Mail geschickt. Ansonsten: Etwas mehr zur Preis-/Lohnentwicklung und zu den Mieten ist ja heute Nachmittag schon dazugekommen, wenn da später noch etwas mehr zur Entwicklung der sozialen Ungleichheiten hinzukommt, könnte das ausreichen. Den Abschnitt zu Subventionen der Siedler habe ich auch vor kurzem geschrieben. Nach "Israeli Summer" hab ich mal gesucht und hauptsächlich Seiten gefunden, die mit den Protesten absolut nichts zu tun hatten. Einzelne Blogs gab es, die ich aber als Privatmeinung einstufen würde; renommierte Medien habe ich nicht gefunden. Und bzgl. der hohen Staatsausgaben fürs Militär: Hättest du da eine Idee, wie man das am besten einfügt? Mir fällt da im Moment nichts Gescheites ein. -- [[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 22:16, 7. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::Stark sagt etwas wenig aus, sollte noch quantifiziert werden, aber gut nicht so wichtig. Diese bizarre Debatte um ''völkerrechtswidrige Wohngebäude'' ist nicht Teil dieser Proteste und gehört da auch nicht rein. "Israelischer Sommer" schreiben nur einige BRD-Medien, und generell wäre es hier angebracht die ganze BRD-Presse draußen zu halten und auf JP, Maariv, weniger die Haaretz, die gehört auch zu dem Kartell--[[Benutzer:Antemister|Antemister]] 22:30, 8. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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== Dank ==<br />
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Danke den Autoren für diesen Artikel. Es war auffällig, daß er so lange in der deutschen WP nicht zustandekam, ich konnte es mir auch nicht erklären, warum es so war. Ich konnte leider bisher dazu nichts beitragen, will mich aber bemühen, das Thema weiter zu beobachten.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 01:33, 8. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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== Editwar zum „Arabischen Frühling“ ==<br />
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Wir haben derzeit einen Editwar, in dem ein Halbsatz aus dem Artikel streitig ist, in dem es heißt, die Protestierenden seien durch den [[Arabischer Frühling|Arabischen Frühling]] ermutigt worden. Die Aussage ist tatsächlich problematisch, und sie hatte ja auch dazu geführt, diesen Artikel aus dem Artikel „Arabischer Frühling“ auszugliedern. Ein Wikipedianer, der die Proteste am Rande der Wikimania in Haifa mitbekommen hatte, wies mich auch spontan darauf hin, daß das mit den arabischen Ländern drumherum gar nichts zu tun gehabt hätte. Andererseits liegt die Proteststimmung in der Gegend aber auch in der Luft. Ganz zu leugnen ist der Zusammenhang wohl nicht, er war aber wohl letztlich doch nicht entscheidend, denn hier tritt die gebeutelte Mittelschicht für ihre eigenen Interessen auf sozialen Ausgleich und für eine sozialere Politik ein. Oder gibt es Quellen, aus denen das Gegenteil hervorginge?--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 21:59, 12. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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:Wir haben solche Quellen sogar schon explizit im Artikel eingebaut, nämlich im Abschnitt 1.1 („Bezug zum Arabischen Frühling“). Dass es inhaltlich um andere Sachen geht (Israel: soziale Fragestellungen; Arabische Welt: meist Regimewechsel), ist natürlich klar – deswegen auch der einschränkende zweite Satz in der Einleitung. -- [[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 23:27, 12. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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::Ja, das ist schon richtig. Aber... gehört das in die Einleitung? Eher nein. Wenn es im Artikel steht, reicht es m.E.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 00:25, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::So, habe mal einen Vorschlag gemacht. Wer den nun zurücksetzt, möge das bitte etwas ausführlicher an dieser Stelle begründen. Danke.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 00:31, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::So, die Seite wurde vorläufig gesperrt wegen des Editwars. Bitte diskutiert hier weiter, ob diese Einleitung nun ein tragfähiger Kompromiß ist? Danke.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 00:35, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::::Ich finde deinen Vorschlag weitestgehend in Ordnung – kritisch sehe ich bloß die Formulierung "Inhaltliche Zusammenhänge". Soweit ich das aus den angegebenen Quellen entnehme, sind die Zusammenhänge ja eben nicht inhaltlich… vielmehr haben die Israelis dadurch nur die Motivation bzw. den Mut gefunden, selbst die Stimme zu erheben:<br />
::::::<small>Eine Mitorganisatorin der Proteste sagte, die Menschen hätten durch die Ereignisse auf dem Tahrir-Platz „plötzlich begriffen, dass die Macht in den Händen des Volkes liegt und dass man die Geschichte seines Landes in die eigenen Hände nehmen muss.“</small><br />
:::::Wie man das aber am besten formuliert weiß ich auch nicht. Einfach das Wort "Inhaltliche" streichen und nur von "Zusammenhängen" sprechen, ohne diese näher zu spezifizieren? -- [[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 00:59, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::::Gemeint ist: Die Motivation kam aus dem Arabischen Frühling. Das war ein Anstoß. Es gab aber sonst keine sachlichen Zusammenhänge, denn die Ziele waren andere, also: „Zusammenhänge zu den Ereignissen des Arabischen Frühlings sind in den Raum gestellt worden,[1] sie sind jedoch recht lose und beschränken sich auf die Motive zum Aufbegehren gegen die Politik. Die Proteste richten sich vor allem gegen spezifisch israelische Probleme.“ --[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 02:01, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
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:There are many similarities between the Arab spring and the Israeli tents protest. But it is not true that one emerged from the other. A more accurate thing to say would be that both emerged from the social networks. [[Benutzer:דניאל ב.|Daniel B]] 11:39, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::Hi Daniel. The source we had for this is an interview of a German TV journalist with one of the organizers of the protests. ([http://www.tagesschau.de/videoblog/zwischen_mittelmeer_und_jordan/videoblogproteste100.html see here] between 6:45min and 7:30min) I've translated the relevant parts into English:<br />
:::<small>„Why didn't the people here protest until now? What has suddenly happened?“<br />
:::„It's a global process. It didn't start here and it won't end here. It's the same as in Tunesia, Egypt, Spain or now the US: A global awakening. What happens here can not be separated from all the other events.“<br />
:::„Do you get your energy from the events on Tahrir Square?“<br />
:::„Sure. People here suddenly realized that the power belongs to the people and that you have to take your countries fate into your own hands.“</small><br />
::Thus, what the article currently says is very similar to what Haaretz wrote [http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/opinion/rothschild-boulevard-is-not-tahrir-square-1.376510 here]: „[The protesters at Tahrir Square] may have served as an inspiration to the thousands of Israelis who have pitched their tents on Tel Aviv's Rothschild Boulevard and elsewhere in Israel this hot summer. But that is where the similarity ends.“ If you disagree, please cite reputable sources. -- [[Benutzer:NacowY|NacowY]] 15:43, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::Lieber Daniel, auch weil Du Dich hier nur auf Englisch äußerst, nehme ich an, daß es sprachliche Gründe sind, aus denen heraus Du die Einleitung des Artikels falsch verstehst. Es wird kein ursächlicher Zusammenhang zwischen dem Arabischen Frühling und den Protesten behauptet, sondern ausdrücklich nur ein sehr loser Zusammenhang hergestellt, was auch belegt ist. Könntest Du Dich damit bitte auseinandersetzen? Und, ohne Dir zu nahe zu treten, es wäre wirklich sehr hilfreich, wenn Du Dich bitte beim Editieren des Artikels zurückhalten könntest, wenn Du nicht gut genug Deutsch kannst, um hier aktiv mitarbeiten zu können? Danke.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 17:47, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::Dear NacowY, you must agree that the opinion of one organizer is not enough to determine the roots of the whole protest. Here in Israel, no one thinks it necessarily follows the Arab spring. I think the current version of the page is Ok. [[Benutzer:דניאל ב.|Daniel B]] 19:39, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::Wenn man in der auch von mir sehr geschätzten Haaretz das genaue Gegenteil lesen kann, wird man nicht sagen können, „niemand“ stelle da einen Zusammenhang her. Aber sei's drum. Dann wäre das Problem ja nun gelöst.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 21:12, 13. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::::I'm sorry, I can not understand what you say. I know that this is the German Wikipedia, but I would appreciate it if you still write in English, if you can. I think Haaretz supports my position. thay say "'''may''' have served as an inspiration to the thousands of Israelis" and "that is where the similarity ends". It is clearly not a fact. [[Benutzer:דניאל ב.|Daniel B]] 10:29, 14. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::::Daniel, I am surprised indeed that you attempt to edit in German-language Wikipedia when you do not speak German. To make it quite clear, I would like to ask you to refrain from editing any articles in this wiki as you obviously do not understand what's happening here. It is a bad idea to engage in edit wars in a foreign-language Wikipedia on the basis of Google Translator or Babelfish. You even have removed from your user page the Babel display indicating that you speak at least a bit of Yiddish which is quite close to German. This says it all. Your command of the German language is not sufficient for editing in German. As to the quote from Haaretz, it does not support your point of view because it says exactly the opposite as you did. It is not true that "no one" in Israel sees any connection between the protests and the Arab Spring altogether, albeit very loosely. Haaretz is an important source from Israel critical of the present Israeli government we have to take into account.--[[Benutzer:Aschmidt|Aschmidt]] 11:08, 14. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
:::::::I understand German good enough to understand the sentence I removed from the article (German Wikipedia is a excellent Wikipedia, and I use it from time to time). I admit that participanting in a edit war was a bad idea. I was simply amazed from the edit summary wich said that I was the one to do original research, while actually I was the one to remove such original research. I said "Here in Israel, no one thinks it '''necessarily''' follows the Arab spring", and that is completely true, even according to Haaretz. All I'm saying is that it is not a fact, but an opinion, certainly not one that should be in the opening sentence. [[:en:Daphni Leef|Daphni Leef]] inspiration was not the Arab spring, but her own private life. I know a bit of Yiddish because I know Hebrew. I am able to read the Yiddish Wikipedia. [[Benutzer:דניאל ב.|Daniel B]] 12:59, 14. Sep. 2011 (CEST)<br />
::::::::I'd also add that Haarets represents only itself. It is the least read of the four major newspapers in Israel. About reading German, ich spreche kein deutsch, but that's what google translate is for. [[Benutzer:TFighterPilot|TFighterPilot]] 14:15, 14. Sep. 2011 (CEST)</div>TFighterPilothttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proteste_in_Israel_2011/2012&diff=93580413Proteste in Israel 2011/20122011-09-12T22:13:32Z<p>TFighterPilot: Änderung 93579257 von In dubio pro dubio wurde rückgängig gemacht. It has nothing to do with the Arab spring</p>
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<div>[[Datei:Israel Housing Protests Tel Aviv August 6 2011b.jpg|miniatur|Demonstration in Tel Aviv am 6.&nbsp;August 2011]]<br />
Die '''Proteste in Israel 2011''' begannen im Juli 2011. Inhaltliche Zusammenhänge zu den dortigen Ereignissen sind jedoch recht lose, die Proteste richten sich vor allem gegen spezifisch israelische Probleme.<br />
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== Hintergründe ==<br />
Die [[Israel#Soziale Situation|soziale Situation in Israel]] ist angespannt: Die soziale Spaltung des Landes ist größer als in den meisten anderen Ländern der westlichen Welt,<ref name="zeit-0731" /> etwa ein Viertel der Bevölkerung lebt unter der [[Armut]]sgrenze. Hinzu kommen hohe [[Lebenshaltungskosten]], die oft sogar von Familien mit zwei in Vollzeit arbeitenden Mitgliedern kaum bestritten werden können.<ref name="zeit-0801" /> Besonders stark betroffen sind die Wohnkosten, die zwischen Januar 2009 und Januar 2011 um fast 40 % stiegen,<ref>Central Bureau of Statistics: [http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/price_new/a6_1_e.pdf Entwicklung der Wohnkosten in Israel (1994–2011)] Juli 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref> aber auch die Preise vieler Lebensmittel stiegen in den letzten Jahren deutlich stärker an als die Löhne.<ref>Central Bureau of Statistics: [http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/price_new/a5_6_e.pdf Entwicklung der Lebensmittelpreise in Israel (2002–2011)] Juli 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref><ref>Central Bureau of Statistics: [http://www.cbs.gov.il/www/y_labor/e1_02.pdf Entwicklung der Löhne in Israel verglichen mit 2004] Juli 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref><br />
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Bereits im Juni 2011 war es nach Aufrufen im Internet zu einem spontanen Boykott von [[Hüttenkäse]] – der in Israel als Grundnahrungsmittel gilt – gekommen, dessen Preis zuvor innerhalb von drei Jahren um 40 % gestiegen war.<ref>{{Internetquelle | url=http://forward.com/articles/139163/ | titel=A Soft Food Falls on Hard Times | titelerg=Israeli Anger Rises and Falls With the Price of Cottage Cheese | autor=Nathan Jeffay | hrsg=forward.com | datum=2011-06-28 | zugriff=2011-09-03 | sprache=en}}</ref> Ein kurz darauf beschlossenes Gesetz, das Boykottaufrufe gegen israelische Produkte unter Strafe stellt, wurde stark kritisiert, da es als Symbol für eine fortschreitende Aushöhlung der Demokratie zugunsten nationalistischer Interessen gesehen wurde.<ref>{{Internetquelle | url=http://www.tagesschau.de/videoblog/zwischen_mittelmeer_und_jordan/videoblogdemokratie100.html | titel="Linke Gruppen sollen zum Schweigen gebracht werden" | autor=Richard C. Schneider | hrsg=tagesschau.de | werk=Videoblog „Zwischen Mittelmeer und Jordan“ | datum=2011-07-18 | zugriff=2011-09-03 | format=H.264/MPEG4 oder Ogg/Theora}}</ref><br />
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Zudem fanden 2011 bereits Streiks mehrerer Berufsgruppen für bessere Bezahlung und bessere Arbeitsbedingungen statt.<ref>Al Jazeera English: [http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/20119318251210764.html Israelis hold 'march of a million' protest] 3. September 2011, abgerufen am 4. September 2011</ref><br />
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=== Politische Entwicklungen ===<br />
Diese wirtschaftlichen und sozialen Probleme wurden zu einem großen Teil durch die israelische Politik verursacht, die in den vergangenen Jahren einen neoliberalen Privatisierungskurs fuhr. …<br />
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/noah-efron/the-israeli-summer_b_914389.html<br />
--><br />
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Auch die starke Unterstützung der [[Israelische Siedlung|israelischen Siedlungen]] in den von Israel [[Israelisch besetzte Gebiete|besetzten Gebieten]] wird kritisch gesehen. Für Sozialleistungen, Infrastrukturaufbau, militärische Sicherung und weitere Vergünstigungen werden hier nach Schätzungen eines israelischen Think Tanks weit über $1 Mrd. pro Jahr ausgegeben,<ref>Al Jazeera English: [http://english.aljazeera.net/indepth/features/2011/08/20118815462771250.html Will the Israeli left talk about occupation?] 9. August 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref> bei einem Staatshaushalt von knapp $70 Mrd.<ref>CIA: [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/is.html The World Factbook] Schätzung des israelischen Staatshaushalts für 2010, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref> Ein Siedler erhält vom Staat durchschnittlich doppelt so viel Geld wie ein Bewohner des israelischen Kernlandes, berichtete der israelische Politiker [[Haim Ramon]]. Dies ist teilweise durch den hohen Anteil [[Orthodoxes Judentum|ultra-orthodoxer Juden]] unter den Siedlern zu erklären, die mehrere Jahre mit dem Torastudium verbringen und währenddessen keiner Arbeit nachgehen. Zudem ist die Geburtenrate unter dieser Bevölkerungsgruppe überdurchschnittlich hoch, was neben staatlichen Zahlungen auch die Siedlungen anwachsen lässt.<ref>[[20 Minuten]]: [http://www.20min.ch/news/ausland/story/16350619 Verteilungsprobleme. Öffnet Israel die Büchse der Pandora?] 6. August 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref><br />
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=== Bezug zum Arabischen Frühling ===<br />
Während die Demonstrationen in Israel sich hauptsächlich auf landesspezifische Probleme zurückführen lassen, die sich von den Problemen in anderen Ländern deutlich unterscheiden, beziehen die Demonstranten sich dennoch auf den Arabischen Frühling. So stand etwa auf Plakaten in der Zeltstadt in [[Tel Aviv]] „Rothschild ist unser [[Tahrir-Platz]]“.<ref name="spiegel-0727">Spiegel Online: [http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,776796,00.html Zorn der Mittelschicht trifft Netanjahu] 27. Juli 2011, abgerufen am 3. September 2011</ref> Eine Mitorganisatorin der Proteste sagte, die Menschen hätten durch die Ereignisse auf dem Tahrir-Platz „plötzlich begriffen, dass die Macht in den Händen des Volkes liegt und dass man die Geschichte seines Landes in die eigenen Hände nehmen muss.“<ref name="leben/untergehen" /><br />
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== Entwicklung der Proteste ==<br />
[[Datei:Real Estate Protest in Tel Aviv 25.7.2011 5.jpg|miniatur|Zeltstadt auf dem Rothschild-Boulevard in Tel Aviv am 25.&nbsp;Juli 2011]]<br />
[[Datei:Israel Housing Protests Tel Aviv August 27 2011.jpg|miniatur|Demonstration in Tel Aviv am 27.&nbsp;August 2011]]<br />
Die Proteste begannen am 14. Juli in Tel Aviv, nachdem der Filmemacherin [[Daphni Leef]] die Wohnung gekündigt wurde und sie keine neue erschwingliche Unterkunft fand. Sie beschloss, auf dem Mittelstreifen des Rothschild-Boulevards ihr Zelt aufzuschlagen, und schrieb auf Facebook: „Ich habe keine Wohnung, kann mir keine leisten und gehe auf dem Rothschild-Boulevard in einem Zelt demonstrieren. Wer macht mit?“<ref name="leben/untergehen">{{Internetquelle | url=http://www.tagesschau.de/videoblog/zwischen_mittelmeer_und_jordan/videoblogproteste100.html | titel=Leben – oder untergehen | autor=Richard C. Schneider | hrsg=tagesschau.de | werk=Videoblog „Zwischen Mittelmeer und Jordan“ | datum=2011-08-07 | zugriff=2011-09-03 | format=H.264/MPEG4 oder Ogg/Theora}}</ref> Innerhalb einer Woche schlossen sich mehrere hundert Demonstranten an, Anfang August hatte die Zeltstadt eine Länge von 1,5&nbsp;km erreicht.<br />
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Am 24. Juli demonstrierten 20.000 Menschen in Tel Aviv für bezahlbaren Wohnraum. Zwei Tage später kündigte der israelische Ministerpräsident [[Benjamin Netanjahu]] an, innerhalb von zwei Jahren 10.000 Plätze in Studentenwohnheimen sowie Anreize zum Bau von 50.000 erschwinglichen Wohnungen schaffen zu wollen.<ref name="spiegel-0727" /><br />
Die Demonstrationen wuchsen jedoch weiter an und bereits am 30. Juli gingen landesweit über 100.000 Menschen auf die Straßen.<ref name="zeit-0801">[[Die Zeit]]: [http://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2011-08/israel-mittelschicht/komplettansicht Israels schweigende Mehrheit rebelliert] 1. August 2011, abgerufen am 3. September 2011</ref> Neben Mieten wurden zunehmend auch andere Probleme, etwa Verschlechterungen der Gesundheitsversorgung und des Bildungssystems angesprochen. Die Gewerkschaft [[Histadrut]] unterstützte die Demonstranten und kündigte einen Generalstreik an.<ref name="zeit-0731">Die Zeit: [http://www.zeit.de/politik/ausland/2011-07/massenproteste-israel-soziale-gerechtigkeit 100.000 gegen Netanjahu] 31. Juli 2011, abgerufen am 3. September 2011</ref> Am Folgetag setzte Netanjahu ein Expertenteam ein, das sich mit der Krise beschäftigen soll.<ref name="zeit-0801" /><br />
Bereits am 3. August wurde von der [[Knesset]] ein Gesetz beschlossen, das bürokratische Hürden bei der Bauplanung abbauen sollte. Die Demonstranten befürchteten jedoch, dass dadurch hauptsächlich Luxusbauten gefördert würden, jedoch kein bezahlbarer Wohnraum.<ref>[[Al Jazeera English]]: [http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/08/201183143959860219.html Israeli protesters reject new housing bill] 3. August 2011, abgerufen am 5. September 2011</ref><br />
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Im August wuchsen die Demonstrationen auf 200.000 bis 350.000 Teilnehmer an und wurden so zur größten Protestbewegung seit vier Jahrzehnten.<ref>Spiegel Online: [http://www.spiegel.de/politik/ausland/0,1518,778798,00.html Hunderttausende demonstrieren für soziale Gerechtigkeit] 7. August 2011, abgerufen am 5. September 2011</ref> Neben Tel Aviv fanden auch in vielen weiteren Städten Kundgebungen statt.<ref>tagesschau.de: [http://www.tagesschau.de/ausland/israel1096.html Proteste erreichen Israels kleinere Städte] 13. August 2011, abgerufen am 3. September 2011</ref> Auch [[arabische Israelis]] schlossen sich den Demonstrationen an.<ref name="taz-0814">{{Internetquelle | url=http://taz.de/!76223/ | titel=Proteste in Israel: "Weder faul noch verwöhnt" | autor=Andreas Hackl | hrsg=[[Die tageszeitung|taz.de]] | datum=2011-08-14 | zugriff=2011-08-14}}</ref><br />
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[[Datei:March of the million rallies in tel aviv 1.jpg|miniatur|Demonstration in Tel Aviv am 3.&nbsp;September 2011]]<br />
[[Datei:March of the million rallies in tel aviv.jpg|miniatur|Demonstration in Tel Aviv am 3.&nbsp;September 2011]]<br />
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Für den 3.&nbsp;September wurde eine Demonstration unter dem Titel ''Marsch einer Million'' (''march of a million'') angekündigt. Bei dieser größten Demonstration in der israelischen Geschichte gingen in Tel Aviv zwischen 300.000 und 500.000 Demonstranten auf die Straße, landesweit waren es weitere 150.000.<ref name="AJE-0904">Al Jazeera English: [http://english.aljazeera.net/news/middleeast/2011/09/201193232913445359.html Mass rallies revive Israeli protest movement] 4. September 2011, abgerufen am 4. September 2011</ref><ref>[[Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung]]: [http://www.faz.net/artikel/C31325/israel-massendemonstrationen-fuer-soziale-gerechtigkeit-30496885.html Massendemonstrationen für soziale Gerechtigkeit] 4. September 2011</ref><br />
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Am 6.&nbsp;September verteilte die Stadtverwaltung von Tel Aviv Flugblätter, wonach die Zeltstädte bis zum jüdischen Neujahrsfest [[Rosch ha-Schana]] geräumt werden sollen.<ref>Haaretz: [http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/tel-aviv-officials-call-to-dismantle-tent-protest-camps-by-jewish-holidays-1.382923 Tel Aviv officials call to dismantle tent protest camps by jewish holidays] 6. September 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref> Entgegen vorheriger Abmachungen wurden bereits in der darauffolgenden Nacht von städtischen Angestellten und Polizisten Zelte entfernt, obwohl viele davon bewohnt waren. Der Bürgermeister von Tel Aviv entgegnete, es habe sich nicht um Abriss- sondern um Aufräumarbeiten gehandelt.<ref>Haaretz: [http://www.haaretz.com/news/national/israel-police-raid-social-protest-tent-encampments-in-tel-aviv-1.383033 Israel Police raid social protest tent encampments in Tel Aviv] 7. September 2011, abgerufen am 7. September 2011</ref><br />
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In der Bevölkerung haben die Proteste einen sehr starken Rückhalt. Einer Umfrage der Zeitung [[Haaretz]] zufolge würden 87 % der israelischen Bevölkerung die Proteste unterstützen, mehr als die Hälfte der Befragten waren mit den Reaktionen der Regierung nicht zufrieden.<ref>Haaretz: [http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/haaretz-poll-netanyahu-losing-public-support-over-handling-of-israeli-housing-protest-1.375244 Haaretz poll: Netanyahu losing public support over handling of Israeli housing protest] 26. Juli 2011, abgerufen am 5. September 2011</ref> Einer anderen Umfrage zufolge unterstützen selbst 85 % der Anhänger von Netanjahus [[Likud]]-Partei die Proteste.<ref>{{Internetquelle | url=http://news.nana10.co.il/Article/?ArticleID=819412 | titel=סקר: 85% ממצביעי הליכוד ו-78% מש"ס - תומכים במחאה החברתית | hrsg=Nana 10 | datum=2011-08-02 | zugriff=2011-09-03 | sprache=hebräisch}}</ref><br />
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=== Forderungen der Demonstranten ===<br />
Die Bewegung begann mit der Forderung nach bezahlbarem Wohnraum, innerhalb kurzer Zeit wurden jedoch auch allgemeinere Forderungen nach einer Senkung der Lebenshaltungskosten und sozialer Gerechtigkeit erhoben.<br />
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Als problematisch wird angesehen, dass die beteiligten Gruppen ein sehr breites inhaltliches Spektrum bilden und daher in ihren Forderungen nicht einheitlich auftreten.<ref name="AJE-0904" /> Ari Shavit von der israelischen Zeitung Haaretz erklärte: „Gesellt sich eine weitere gesellschaftliche Gruppierung zu den Protesten hinzu, dann werden deren Forderungen einfach an die anderen angehängt.“<ref>[[Neues Deutschland]]: [http://www.neues-deutschland.de/artikel/205917.israels-sozialproteste-am-scheideweg.html Israels Sozialproteste am Scheideweg] 3. September 2011, abgerufen am 6. September 2011</ref><br />
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Auch politische Forderungen, etwa nach einem respektvollen Zusammenleben mit Arabern und Beduinen, sowie nach dem Ende des Siedlungsbaus wurden auf Demonstrationen geäußert.<ref name="taz-0814" /> Die Organisatoren vermeiden solche Themen jedoch weitgehend, da sie andernfalls ein Auseinanderbrechen der Bewegung fürchten.<ref name="zeit-0801" /><br />
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== Weblinks ==<br />
{{Commonscat|2011 Israeli housing protests|Proteste in Israel 2011}}<br />
* [http://j14.org.il/ Offizielle Website der Protestbewegung] (hebräisch)<br />
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== Einzelnachweise ==<br />
<references /><br />
<br />
[[Kategorie:Konflikt 2011|Israel]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Politik (Israel)]]<br />
[[Kategorie:Soziale Bewegung]]<br />
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[[ar:احتجاجات الإسكان الإسرائيلية 2011]]<br />
[[en:2011 Israeli social justice protests]]<br />
[[es:Protestas sociales en Israel de 2011]]<br />
[[fr:Mouvement israélien pour des logements accessibles]]<br />
[[he:מחאת האוהלים]]<br />
[[ru:Палаточный протест в Израиле (2011)]]</div>TFighterPilothttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiob_Kara&diff=124352673Hiob Kara2011-05-28T14:36:25Z<p>TFighterPilot: Added Arabic</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox member of the Knesset<br />
| Image = [[File:Ayoub Kara.JPG|200px]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|3|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Daliyat al-Karmel]]<br />
| Year of Aliyah =<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| Knesset(s) = [[Israeli legislative election, 1999|15th]], [[Israeli legislative election, 2003|16th]], [[Israeli legislative election, 2009|18th]]<br />
| Party = [[Likud]]<br />
| Former parties =<br />
| Religious views = [[Druze]]<br />
| Gov't roles ='''Deputy Minister of the Development<br />of the Negev and Galilee'''<br />Deputy Speaker of the Knesset<br />Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Workers<br />Chairman of the Anti-Drug Committee<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ayoob Kara''' ({{lang-he|איוב קרא}}, {{lang-ar|أيوب قرا}} also '''Ayoub''' or '''Ayub''' or '''Qara'''; born 12 March 1955) is a [[Druze]] [[Israel]]i politician. He is currently a member of the [[Knesset]] for [[Likud]] and [[Development of the Negev and Galilee Minister of Israel|Deputy Minister for Development of the Negev and Galilee]]. He lives in [[Isfiya]], [[Haifa District]].<ref name="arson">{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140974 |title=Fire or a Massacre? Israeli Media Downplays Arson Suspicion |author=Ronen, Gil |date=2 December 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref><br />
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He is one of the most [[conservative]] and outspoken members of the Knesset and a strong supporter of Israel. He opposed the [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|Gaza disengagement]], is hawkish on [[Iran]], supports the [[three-state solution]] and supports Jewish settlement in the [[West Bank]].<br />
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==Biography==<br />
===Early life===<br />
Kara was born in [[Daliyat al-Karmel]], a Druze town near [[Haifa]], in 1955. He went to an agricultural high school in [[Kfar Galim]]. He served in the [[Israel Defense Forces]] reserve and attained the rank of [[major]] before being discharged for [[posttraumatic stress disorder]]. Serving alongside Jews before and after the recreation of Israel has been a source of family pride. His uncle was killed during [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|Arab riots]] in 1939. His father served in the IDF during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. Another uncle was also killed by Arabs then and two of his brothers were killed in action in the [[1982 Lebanon War]].<ref name=tjp>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/pageroute.do/44910/ |title='This Is My State. I'm An Israeli Patriot': An Interview with Druze MK Ayoub Kara |author=Lehmann, Sarah |date=18 August 2010 |work= |publisher=The Jewish Press |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Following his [[national service]], Kara studied Business Administration. Today, he lives in [[Daliyat al-Karmel]] with his wife and five children.<br />
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===Early political career: 1996—2006===<br />
He was named 35th on the [[Likud]]-[[Gesher (political party)|Gesher]]-[[Tzomet]] list, which only attained 32 seats in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1996|1996 elections]]. He urged Likud party chairman [[Ariel Sharon]] to campaign for the Arab vote. Sharon agreed on the importance of it and the need for an Arab minister in government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,100605,00.html |title=Learning to Speak Up |author=Rees, Matt |date=5 March 2001 |work= |publisher=TIME Magazine |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Kara was elected [[Israeli legislative election, 1999|in 1999]], becoming the third Druze [[Likud]] MK in history, after [[Amal Nasser el-Din]] and [[Assad Assad]]. He was appointed Deputy [[List of Knesset speakers|Speaker of the Knesset]] and served as [[chairman]] of the Committee on Foreign Workers. He retained his seat in the [[Israeli legislative election, 2003|2003 elections]] and became chairman of the Anti-Drug Committee. Speaking out during the [[Second Intifada]], he condemned Arab MKs for incitement.<ref name=renew>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/128503 |title=Ayoub Kara Calls to Renew Jewish-Druze Ties in Likud Renewal |author=Julian, Hana Levi |date=23 November 2008 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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Kara loudly opposed the Gaza disengagement plan, championed by prime minister [[Ariel Sharon]], and was almost ejected from Knesset with [[Michael Ratzon]] for "repeated disturbances".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3064324,00.html |title=Pullout referendum bill defeated |author=Marciano, Ilan |date=28 March 2005 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> When Sharon announced plans to break from Likud, Kara refused to defect to [[Kadima]] in 2005 and slammed other MKs that did, including [[Shaul Mofaz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3182649,00.html |title=MKs slam Mofaz for Likud defection |last1=Somfalvi |first1=Attila |last2=Sofer |first2=Ronny |last3=Marciano |first3=Ilan |date=11 December 2005 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> He praised Likud's "glorious past" and said it will return stronger, despite the split.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3172195,00.html |title=MK Kara: Likud will grow stronger |author=Sofer, Ronny |date=21 November 2005 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> He lost his seat in the [[Israeli legislative election, 2006|2006 elections]], when Likud were reduced to just 12 seats.<br />
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Despite being out of office, he remained active in politics. He met with [[Hebron]] residents and criticized the demolition of a Jewish home there, bashing Kadima chairman [[Tzipi Livni]] as "good for [[Hamas]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3625181,00.html |title=Tensions high in Hebron; Settlers gird for battle |author=Weiss, Efrat |date=19 November 2008 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Deputy Minister: 2009—present===<br />
Announcing his intention to run in the Likud primary for the [[Israeli legislative election, 2009|2009 elections]], Kara called for unity between Druze and Jews, "to strengthen the Zionist connection...that has been damaged in recent years." He reminded voters of his opposition to the [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]], making it an important part of his campaign.<ref name=renew /> He was placed 23rd on the party's list, and returned to the [[Knesset]] when Likud won 27 seats. Kara sought and received a ministerial post: becoming Israel's new [[Development of the Negev and Galilee Minister of Israel|Deputy Minister of the Development of the Negev and Galilee]]. He is the first non-Jewish nationalist to receive a portfolio.<ref name=portfolio>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/news.aspx/130117 |title=Druze MK Ayoub Kara is Seeking a Ministerial Post |author=Ratzlav-Katz, Nissan |date=24 February 2009 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Kara opposed the inclusion of [[Kadima]] in Netanyahu's government, saying that Likud had "no room for traitors".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3827077,00.html |title=PM: Unity has always been important |author=Somfalvi, Attila |date=29 December 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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As deputy minister, Kara has cited demographic issues as a growing threat to Israel. He has promoted development of the two regions to encourage Jews to stay and work there. He worked to help former soldiers to study for free at colleges in the [[Negev]] and [[Galilee]], as well as a new college of medicine in the latter.<ref name=tjp /> He also supported the building of casinos in the Negev.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3711403,00.html |title='We'll build casino in Negev,' says development minister |author=Curiel, Ilana |date=5 May 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, he promoted a program in Knesset to train Druze firefighters that will serve in Jewish towns in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3879875,00.html |title=Druze to put out fires in Judea and Samaria |author=Grossman, Shmulik |date=25 April 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Later, with Kara's help, [[ZAKA]] volunteers began to establish volunteer rescue services in northern Druze and Arab towns in September 2010, starting with [[Beit Jann]] and [[Yirka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3956697,00.html |title=ZAKA expanding to Druze, Arab towns |author=Raved, Ahiya |date=23 September 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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He is a strong proponent of Jewish settlement in the West Bank. As the opening speaker at an April 2010 visit to the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]], he urged the Israeli government to "say no to [[Barack Hussein Obama]]" and build more in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/291660/cave-patriarchs-heritage-site-ceremony |title=Cave of the Patriarchs Heritage Site Ceremony |author= |date=1 April 2010 |work= |publisher=Demotix |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> He participated in events marking the end of the 10-month [[Road map for peace|settlement freeze]].<ref name=npr>{{cite web |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=129594828 |title=Settlement-Building May Tear Down Peace Talks |author=Inskeep, Steve |date=2 September 2010 |work= |publisher=NPR |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A month later, he headlined an event opposing [[Iran]]ian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]'s visit to [[Lebanon]].<ref name=abc>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2010/s3038985.htm |title=Iranian leader receives extraordinary welcome in Lebanon |author=Barker, Anne |date=15 October 2010 |work= |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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====Foreign relations====<br />
Shortly after the election, the family of [[Ouda Tarabin]], an Israeli [[Bedouin]] who was convicted of [[espionage]] [[in absentia]] by [[Egypt]], enlisted Kara's support to gain Tarabin's release. Tarabin entered Egypt in 2000 illegally and was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in prison.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3692064,00.html |title=MK Kara meets brother of Israeli imprisoned in Egypt |author= |date=25 March 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> Kara also led a group of Druze, Bedouins, and Muslims that met with the family of [[Gilad Shalit]] to show support for his release from [[Hamas]], who kidnapped Shalit in a 2006 raid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3688392,00.html |title=Bedouins, Druze and Muslims arrive to support Shalit family |author= |date=18 March 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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Kara met with Turkish ambassador to Israel, Ahmet Oğuz Çelikkol, to improve [[Israel–Turkey relations]], citing [[Turkey]] as a "proven" friend to Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3861811,00.html |title=Turkish ambassador: Developments in Ankara-J'lem ties imminent |author=Sofer, Roni |date=12 March 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> However, relations deteriorated after the [[Gaza flotilla raid]]. Kara has also been instrumental in improving relations with [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]]. Just before the 2009 election, he claimed to have met with Syrian officials in [[Washington, DC]], who said Syria was interested in revisiting talks to improve [[Israel–Syria relations|relations]]. However, the Syrian embassy in Washington denied the meeting took place, as did a spokesman for Israeli [[prime minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE52970F20090311 |title=Netanyahu ally says met Syrian officials in U.S. |author=Williams, Dan |date=10 March 2009 |work= |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3684417,00.html |title=Report: Netanyahu rep met top Syrian official |author=Nahmias, Roee |date=10 March 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> He has also been outspoken in his opposition to proposed divisions of the border village of [[Ghajar]], comparing it to the [[Berlin Wall]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3838845,00.html |title=National Union MKs for unified Ghajar under Israeli rule |author=Einav, Hagai |date=24 January 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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For much of 2010, he has worked to improve economic and humanitarian ties between Israel and Syria. Druze farmers in the [[Golan]] now import water from Syria and export thousands of tons of apples every year. In addition, Druze have been able to visit relatives in Syria for the first time in decades and also receive organ transplants there.<ref name=cgn>{{cite web |url=http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=27617 |title=How to bring Syria to the negotiating table |author=Kara, Ayoob |date=15 April 2010 |work=Common Ground News |publisher=Search for Common Ground |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3915888,00.html |title=MK Kara, Golan Druze underwent organ transplants in Syria |author= |date=6 July 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, he has coordinated burials for families between Syria, Lebanon, and the Golan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3831412,00.html |title=Syrian Druze doctor buried in native Golan Heights village |author=Einav, Hagai |date=7 January 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3876471,00.html |title=SLA woman's body transferred to Lebanon for burial |author=Einav, Hagai |date=15 April 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Kara is hopeful that these "cracks in the great wall between Israel and Syria" will one day lead to real negotiations for peace.<ref name=cgn /> Or at the very least, he hopes to cut down the bureaucracy preventing humanitarian exchanges between Israel and Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3895224,00.html |title=Golan dancers invited to Syrian festival |author=Nahmias, Roee |date=28 May 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Kara has also called for mines to be removed from the Golan, citing them as dangerous to travelers and not needed for Israel's defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3848710,00.html |title=MK Kara says will discuss clearing out mines from Golan with PM |author=Einav, Hagai |date=14 February 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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When several pro-Israel European politicians visited Israel, Kara and other Knesset members joined the Europeans to condemn the Gaza disengagement and lack of assistance to former Jewish residents of Gaza, who had been expelled from their homes. Kara urged stronger relationships with European politicians that support Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/141055 |title=European MPs: Giving Up Gaza was a Mistake |author=Miskin, Maayana |date=8 December 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=14 December 2010}}</ref> Kara visited [[Austria]] in December 2010 and met with [[Heinz-Christian Strache]], leader of the [[Freedom Party of Austria]], praising him at a joint press conference and calling him a "friend of Israel" in its war on terror.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/austrian-jews-chide-likud-mk-for-meeting-far-right-leader-1.332597 |title=Austrian Jews chide Likud MK for meeting far-right leader |author=Barak Ravid |date=24 December 2010 |work=Haaretz |publisher=Haaretz |accessdate=24 December 2010}}</ref> Austria's Jewish community complained in a letter addressed to Israeli Prime Minister [[Benyamin Netanyahu]] about the meeting and the praise and honor bestowed by Kara on the party and its members, particularly in light of the party's anti-semitic remarks and their praise for the Nazi regime of the [[Third Reich]]. Israel had scaled back its diplomatic relations with Austria when the party entered into the Austrian government a few years ago.<br />
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The head of a [[southern Sudan]] delegation to a February 2011 meeting of a new organization to develop [[Nigeria]], Suleiman Alhariri, invited Kara to the newly forming country to help begin setting up diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/142392 |title=South Sudan Wants Ties with Israel |author= |date=Ronen, Gil |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=17 February 2011}}</ref> Kara led a delegation of Jewish, Muslim, Druze, and Christian religious leaders to discuss interfaith relations in [[Istanbul]] with TV show host [[Adnan Oktar]]. The delegation presented a list of Jewish religious sites in Syria for the opposition in the [[2011 Syrian uprising]] to guard, should unrest threaten the sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=220149|title=Rabbis to give Syrian opposition list of holy sites to save|last=Mandel|first=Jonah|date=12 May 2011|publisher=Jerusalem Post|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref> The group planned to set up a religious court to arbitrate regional disputes. Kara also said Turkey is eager to reestablish its ties with Israel."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=220373|title=Interfaith leaders in Istanbul pledge to counter extremism|last=Mandel|first=Jonah|date=13 May 2011|publisher=Jerusalem Post|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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==Political Positions==<br />
Kara is known as a staunch conservative in the Knesset, supporting "hawkish" and Zionist views. He opposed the Gaza [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]] and the 2009-10 settlement freeze. He is a supporter of [[Moshe Feiglin]]'s [[Manhigut Yehudit]] faction, within Likud.<ref name=portfolio /> He also supports the [[death penalty]] for terrorists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/143633|title=Death Penalty Unlikely for Itamar Massacre Terrorists|last=Ben Gedalyahu|first=Tzvi|date=18 April 2011|work=Israel National News|publisher=Arutz Sheva|accessdate=19 April 2011}}</ref><br />
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===Gaza===<br />
During the months preceding the [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]] from the [[Gaza Strip]] and northern [[West Bank]], Kara requested from then [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]], [[Ariel Sharon]], that Druze soldiers not be assigned to tasks related to the disengagement, since the Druze opposed the disengagement and did not want to have anything to do with it. In an interview, Kara claimed "The withdrawal is going to be terrible for Israeli security. Hamas is going to become dominant as soon as Israel leaves Gaza, and they will use the land to stage more attacks against Israel."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=43770 |title=Gaza withdrawal 'victory for terrorism' |author=Klein, Aaron |date=13 April 2005 |work= |publisher=World Net Daily |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> However, he was threatened with expulsion from the Knesset for trying to obstruct the plan as it went through.<ref name=tjp /> The Israeli media called him the "prophet of fury".<ref name=sos>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos-israel.com/20255.html |title=Assistant Minister Ayoob Kara: Israeli Leaders Haven't Learned their Lesson |author= |date=19 October 2010 |work= |publisher=SOS Israel |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Years earlier, he opposed the [[South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)#2000: Israeli withdrawal|withdrawal from Lebanon]] in 2000, warning that [[Hezbollah]] would gain power in Israel's absence.<ref name=tjp /><br />
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After the [[Gaza flotilla clash]], Kara spoke with a leading [[mufti]] in [[Turkey]]. He told the mufti that Israel conducted the operation legally and humanely and presented facts backing his claims. In addition, he said "Israel is the most humanitarian country in the Middle East and never objected to the transfer of humanitarian aid to Gaza," and the flotilla organizers intended to provoke Israel. He also asked the mufti to preach brotherhood between Israel and Turkey, "saying there are no winners in war."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/137828 |title=Israeli MK Ayoub Kara Talks to Turkish Mufti About Flotilla |author=Fleisher, Malkah |date=1 June 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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At a meeting hosted by Turkish TV personality Adnan Oktar, Kara stated that flotillas must carry humanitarian aid and not weapons. He said that Israel wanted to work with Turkey to transfer humanitarian aid to Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=flotilla-must-carry-food-not-gun-israeli-official-says-2011-05-12|title=Flotilla must carry food not guns, Israeli official says|last=Tunçel|first=Çağla Pinar|date=12 May 2011|publisher=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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===Iran===<br />
Kara supports an Israeli strike against [[Iran]]'s [[Nuclear program of Iran|nuclear program]] and assured that other Muslim nations would support a strike, albeit quietly and not publicly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/ArtsAndCulture/Entertainment/Article.aspx?ID=170342 |title='Islamic nations will back Iran strike' |author= |date=6 February 2010 |work= |publisher=Jerusalem Post |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> In April 2010, the MK made public that he had been approached by an Israeli woman of [[Persian Jewish]] origin, who had been contacted by an Iranian nuclear scientist seeking [[right of asylum|asylum]] in Israel. Kara stated he would help and that the scientist was staying in a "friendly country", but there has been no word on the plan since the announcement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3880056,00.html |title='Iranian nuke scientist seeks asylum in Israel' |author=Sofer, Roni |date=24 April 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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Following a planned visit by Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] to the Israel-[[Lebanon]] border, Kara organized a rally in which 2,000 blue and white balloons would be released if Ahmadinejad came, stating that "the balloons represent the fact that the Jewish people have come home after 2,000 years of exile, and are not going anywhere". Kara also stated that as a non-Jew, he appreciated Israel's freedom and democracy, and that were it not for the Jewish people, the entire region would look like Iran. Kara also claims to have sent Ahmadinejad a letter in [[Persian language|Persian]], in which he expressed "the Israeli nation's desire for peace, and its willingness to defend itself".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140032 |title=MK Kara: 2,000 Blue and White Balloons to Greet Ahmadinejad |author=Lev, David |date=12 October 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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At the event, Kara criticized the Israeli government for inaction and called Ahmadinejad "a catastrophe for the world" and said that Israel wants peace, not wars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euronews.net/2010/10/14/ahmadinejad-rallies-crowd-in-lebanon/ |title=Ahmadinejad rallies crowd in Lebanon |author= |date=14 October 2010 |work= |publisher=Euronews |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref name=abc /> He also warned that Ahmadinejad intends to rebuild the [[Persian Empire]], using Lebanon as an army base.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3968769,00.html |title=Metula: Dozens protest against Ahmadinejad's visit to Lebanon |author= |date=13 October 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronot |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Peace plan===<br />
Kara believes that Israel "has no one to make peace with" and that all the peace partners aim to weaken Israel. He noted that Israelis think like Europeans and do not understand the thought process in the Middle East.<ref name=sos /> He criticized the [[Oslo accords]] for giving "the [[Palestine Liberation Organization|criminal Palestinian leadership]] that was in [[Lebanon]] and [[Tunisia]] the legitimacy to be leaders in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza."<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.jstandard.com/index.php/content/item/14426/ |title=MKs: New peace initiative to rely on international law |author=Santacruz, Daniel |date=6 August 2010 |work= |publisher=Jewish Standard |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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In July 2010, Kara warned Israel not to be tricked by [[United States]] [[president]] Barack Obama's apparent sympathy for Israel. Kara stated that Obama "doesn’t sound evil now because he needs Jewish votes and money, but I won’t forget the pressure he put on Netanyahu and the stress I saw in the prime minister the last time he came back from Washington."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/189669 |title=Ayoub Kara Warns Not to Trust Obama |author= |date=7 July 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Several days later, in an interview, he endorsed a [[three-state solution]], saying that [[Egypt]] should resume control over [[Gaza]]. He noted that Arabs almost universally call for a restoration of the situation prior to the [[Six-Day War]], when Gaza was part of Egypt. In addition, he mentioned that it would be beneficial to the security of Egypt to eliminate [[Iran]]ian influence in the territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/189908 |title=MK Kara: Give Gaza to Egypt |author= |date=12 July 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> In an interview, Kara noted that "In all history there was never a [[Palestinian state]]." He proposed that [[Jordan]], which is 90% [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] take administrative control of Arab cities in the West Bank, while Israel would control defense, major cities, and broad areas in the territory.<ref name=tjp /><br />
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During the [[2010 Israel forest fire]], Kara stated he had information that the fire was "a terrorist act"—[[arson]]—and called for the perpetrators to be executed like [[Adolf Eichmann]].<ref name="arson" /> Many of the 41 killed in the blaze were Druze.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140968 |title=40 Dead in Fire, Most were on Prisons Service Bus |author=Benari, Elad et al |date=2 December 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Settlements===<br />
A staunch supporter of Jewish settlement in the West Bank, Kara spoke at a ceremony marking the end of the settlement freeze. He criticizing it as not helpful to Israel or the PA<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/139780 |title=Balloons, Cheers as Freeze Comes to an End |author=Miskin, Maayana |date=26 September 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> and said that the [[August 2010 West Bank shooting|killings]] of four Israelis near [[Kiryat Arba]] shows that the freeze only serves as "[[appeasement]]" and is not working.<ref name=npr /> At an event marking the construction of a new building in the West bank, Kara stated: "The expulsion of Jews from [[Gush Katif]] brought zero results, the expulsion of the Israeli army from Lebanon has brought zero results, and the construction freeze brought zero results."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/194845 |title=MK Kara: We Will Rebuild Gush Katif |author= |date=28 September 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=23 October 2010}}</ref> Kara attended an Israeli version of the American [[tea party protests]] with other Likud MKs and members. Speakers at the event called on Obama to stop pressuring Netanyahu and for the prime minister to stand his ground and uphold Jewish rights and values.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/140372 |title=First Anti-Obama Tea Party in Israel |author=Benari, Elad and Yoni Kempinsky |date=1 November 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=30 November 2010}}</ref> However, he abstained from a vote brought by [[# National Union (Israel)|National Union]] MKs that would extend sovereignty to Jewish towns in Judea, Samaria, and the south-central [[Jordan valley]] (West Bank).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/142492 |title=Knesset Rejects NU Plan for Sovereignty in Judea and Samaria |author=Ronen, Gil |date=23 February 2011 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref><br />
<br />
==See also==<br />
* [[List of Arab members of the Knesset]]<br />
<br />
==Articles==<br />
* [http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=27617 How to bring Syria to the negotiating table]<br />
<br />
==References==<br />
{{reflist|3}}<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
*{{MKlink|id=230}}<br />
<br />
{{Current MKs}}<br />
<br />
{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --><br />
| NAME =Kara, Ayoob<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =12 March 1955<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Daliyat al-Karmel]]<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kara, Ayoob}}<br />
[[Category:1955 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Arab politicians in Israel]]<br />
[[Category:Druze people of Israeli nationality]]<br />
[[Category:Government ministers of Israel]]<br />
[[Category:Likud politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Knesset]]<br />
<br />
[[cs:Ajúb Qará]]<br />
[[he:איוב קרא]]<br />
[[nl:Ayoob Kara]]<br />
[[ru:Кара, Аюб]]</div>TFighterPilothttps://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hiob_Kara&diff=124352672Hiob Kara2011-05-28T14:36:25Z<p>TFighterPilot: Added Arabic</p>
<hr />
<div>{{Infobox member of the Knesset<br />
| Image = [[File:Ayoub Kara.JPG|200px]]<br />
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1955|3|12|df=y}}<br />
| birth_place = [[Daliyat al-Karmel]]<br />
| Year of Aliyah =<br />
| death_date =<br />
| death_place =<br />
| Knesset(s) = [[Israeli legislative election, 1999|15th]], [[Israeli legislative election, 2003|16th]], [[Israeli legislative election, 2009|18th]]<br />
| Party = [[Likud]]<br />
| Former parties =<br />
| Religious views = [[Druze]]<br />
| Gov't roles ='''Deputy Minister of the Development<br />of the Negev and Galilee'''<br />Deputy Speaker of the Knesset<br />Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Workers<br />Chairman of the Anti-Drug Committee<br />
}}<br />
<br />
'''Ayoob Kara''' ({{lang-he|איוב קרא}}, {{lang-ar|أيوب قرا}} also '''Ayoub''' or '''Ayub''' or '''Qara'''; born 12 March 1955) is a [[Druze]] [[Israel]]i politician. He is currently a member of the [[Knesset]] for [[Likud]] and [[Development of the Negev and Galilee Minister of Israel|Deputy Minister for Development of the Negev and Galilee]]. He lives in [[Isfiya]], [[Haifa District]].<ref name="arson">{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140974 |title=Fire or a Massacre? Israeli Media Downplays Arson Suspicion |author=Ronen, Gil |date=2 December 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref><br />
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He is one of the most [[conservative]] and outspoken members of the Knesset and a strong supporter of Israel. He opposed the [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|Gaza disengagement]], is hawkish on [[Iran]], supports the [[three-state solution]] and supports Jewish settlement in the [[West Bank]].<br />
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==Biography==<br />
===Early life===<br />
Kara was born in [[Daliyat al-Karmel]], a Druze town near [[Haifa]], in 1955. He went to an agricultural high school in [[Kfar Galim]]. He served in the [[Israel Defense Forces]] reserve and attained the rank of [[major]] before being discharged for [[posttraumatic stress disorder]]. Serving alongside Jews before and after the recreation of Israel has been a source of family pride. His uncle was killed during [[1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine|Arab riots]] in 1939. His father served in the IDF during the [[1948 Arab–Israeli War]]. Another uncle was also killed by Arabs then and two of his brothers were killed in action in the [[1982 Lebanon War]].<ref name=tjp>{{cite web |url=http://www.jewishpress.com/pageroute.do/44910/ |title='This Is My State. I'm An Israeli Patriot': An Interview with Druze MK Ayoub Kara |author=Lehmann, Sarah |date=18 August 2010 |work= |publisher=The Jewish Press |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Following his [[national service]], Kara studied Business Administration. Today, he lives in [[Daliyat al-Karmel]] with his wife and five children.<br />
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===Early political career: 1996—2006===<br />
He was named 35th on the [[Likud]]-[[Gesher (political party)|Gesher]]-[[Tzomet]] list, which only attained 32 seats in the [[Israeli legislative election, 1996|1996 elections]]. He urged Likud party chairman [[Ariel Sharon]] to campaign for the Arab vote. Sharon agreed on the importance of it and the need for an Arab minister in government.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,100605,00.html |title=Learning to Speak Up |author=Rees, Matt |date=5 March 2001 |work= |publisher=TIME Magazine |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Kara was elected [[Israeli legislative election, 1999|in 1999]], becoming the third Druze [[Likud]] MK in history, after [[Amal Nasser el-Din]] and [[Assad Assad]]. He was appointed Deputy [[List of Knesset speakers|Speaker of the Knesset]] and served as [[chairman]] of the Committee on Foreign Workers. He retained his seat in the [[Israeli legislative election, 2003|2003 elections]] and became chairman of the Anti-Drug Committee. Speaking out during the [[Second Intifada]], he condemned Arab MKs for incitement.<ref name=renew>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/128503 |title=Ayoub Kara Calls to Renew Jewish-Druze Ties in Likud Renewal |author=Julian, Hana Levi |date=23 November 2008 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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Kara loudly opposed the Gaza disengagement plan, championed by prime minister [[Ariel Sharon]], and was almost ejected from Knesset with [[Michael Ratzon]] for "repeated disturbances".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3064324,00.html |title=Pullout referendum bill defeated |author=Marciano, Ilan |date=28 March 2005 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> When Sharon announced plans to break from Likud, Kara refused to defect to [[Kadima]] in 2005 and slammed other MKs that did, including [[Shaul Mofaz]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3182649,00.html |title=MKs slam Mofaz for Likud defection |last1=Somfalvi |first1=Attila |last2=Sofer |first2=Ronny |last3=Marciano |first3=Ilan |date=11 December 2005 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> He praised Likud's "glorious past" and said it will return stronger, despite the split.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3172195,00.html |title=MK Kara: Likud will grow stronger |author=Sofer, Ronny |date=21 November 2005 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> He lost his seat in the [[Israeli legislative election, 2006|2006 elections]], when Likud were reduced to just 12 seats.<br />
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Despite being out of office, he remained active in politics. He met with [[Hebron]] residents and criticized the demolition of a Jewish home there, bashing Kadima chairman [[Tzipi Livni]] as "good for [[Hamas]]".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3625181,00.html |title=Tensions high in Hebron; Settlers gird for battle |author=Weiss, Efrat |date=19 November 2008 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Deputy Minister: 2009—present===<br />
Announcing his intention to run in the Likud primary for the [[Israeli legislative election, 2009|2009 elections]], Kara called for unity between Druze and Jews, "to strengthen the Zionist connection...that has been damaged in recent years." He reminded voters of his opposition to the [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]], making it an important part of his campaign.<ref name=renew /> He was placed 23rd on the party's list, and returned to the [[Knesset]] when Likud won 27 seats. Kara sought and received a ministerial post: becoming Israel's new [[Development of the Negev and Galilee Minister of Israel|Deputy Minister of the Development of the Negev and Galilee]]. He is the first non-Jewish nationalist to receive a portfolio.<ref name=portfolio>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/news/news.aspx/130117 |title=Druze MK Ayoub Kara is Seeking a Ministerial Post |author=Ratzlav-Katz, Nissan |date=24 February 2009 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Kara opposed the inclusion of [[Kadima]] in Netanyahu's government, saying that Likud had "no room for traitors".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3827077,00.html |title=PM: Unity has always been important |author=Somfalvi, Attila |date=29 December 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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As deputy minister, Kara has cited demographic issues as a growing threat to Israel. He has promoted development of the two regions to encourage Jews to stay and work there. He worked to help former soldiers to study for free at colleges in the [[Negev]] and [[Galilee]], as well as a new college of medicine in the latter.<ref name=tjp /> He also supported the building of casinos in the Negev.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3711403,00.html |title='We'll build casino in Negev,' says development minister |author=Curiel, Ilana |date=5 May 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, he promoted a program in Knesset to train Druze firefighters that will serve in Jewish towns in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3879875,00.html |title=Druze to put out fires in Judea and Samaria |author=Grossman, Shmulik |date=25 April 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Later, with Kara's help, [[ZAKA]] volunteers began to establish volunteer rescue services in northern Druze and Arab towns in September 2010, starting with [[Beit Jann]] and [[Yirka]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3956697,00.html |title=ZAKA expanding to Druze, Arab towns |author=Raved, Ahiya |date=23 September 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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He is a strong proponent of Jewish settlement in the West Bank. As the opening speaker at an April 2010 visit to the [[Cave of the Patriarchs]], he urged the Israeli government to "say no to [[Barack Hussein Obama]]" and build more in the West Bank.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.demotix.com/news/291660/cave-patriarchs-heritage-site-ceremony |title=Cave of the Patriarchs Heritage Site Ceremony |author= |date=1 April 2010 |work= |publisher=Demotix |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> He participated in events marking the end of the 10-month [[Road map for peace|settlement freeze]].<ref name=npr>{{cite web |url=http://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=129594828 |title=Settlement-Building May Tear Down Peace Talks |author=Inskeep, Steve |date=2 September 2010 |work= |publisher=NPR |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> A month later, he headlined an event opposing [[Iran]]ian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]]'s visit to [[Lebanon]].<ref name=abc>{{cite web |url=http://www.abc.net.au/am/content/2010/s3038985.htm |title=Iranian leader receives extraordinary welcome in Lebanon |author=Barker, Anne |date=15 October 2010 |work= |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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====Foreign relations====<br />
Shortly after the election, the family of [[Ouda Tarabin]], an Israeli [[Bedouin]] who was convicted of [[espionage]] [[in absentia]] by [[Egypt]], enlisted Kara's support to gain Tarabin's release. Tarabin entered Egypt in 2000 illegally and was arrested and sentenced to 15 years in prison.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3692064,00.html |title=MK Kara meets brother of Israeli imprisoned in Egypt |author= |date=25 March 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> Kara also led a group of Druze, Bedouins, and Muslims that met with the family of [[Gilad Shalit]] to show support for his release from [[Hamas]], who kidnapped Shalit in a 2006 raid.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3688392,00.html |title=Bedouins, Druze and Muslims arrive to support Shalit family |author= |date=18 March 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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Kara met with Turkish ambassador to Israel, Ahmet Oğuz Çelikkol, to improve [[Israel–Turkey relations]], citing [[Turkey]] as a "proven" friend to Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3861811,00.html |title=Turkish ambassador: Developments in Ankara-J'lem ties imminent |author=Sofer, Roni |date=12 March 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> However, relations deteriorated after the [[Gaza flotilla raid]]. Kara has also been instrumental in improving relations with [[Syria]] and [[Lebanon]]. Just before the 2009 election, he claimed to have met with Syrian officials in [[Washington, DC]], who said Syria was interested in revisiting talks to improve [[Israel–Syria relations|relations]]. However, the Syrian embassy in Washington denied the meeting took place, as did a spokesman for Israeli [[prime minister]] [[Benjamin Netanyahu]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE52970F20090311 |title=Netanyahu ally says met Syrian officials in U.S. |author=Williams, Dan |date=10 March 2009 |work= |publisher=Reuters |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3684417,00.html |title=Report: Netanyahu rep met top Syrian official |author=Nahmias, Roee |date=10 March 2009 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref> He has also been outspoken in his opposition to proposed divisions of the border village of [[Ghajar]], comparing it to the [[Berlin Wall]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3838845,00.html |title=National Union MKs for unified Ghajar under Israeli rule |author=Einav, Hagai |date=24 January 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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For much of 2010, he has worked to improve economic and humanitarian ties between Israel and Syria. Druze farmers in the [[Golan]] now import water from Syria and export thousands of tons of apples every year. In addition, Druze have been able to visit relatives in Syria for the first time in decades and also receive organ transplants there.<ref name=cgn>{{cite web |url=http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=27617 |title=How to bring Syria to the negotiating table |author=Kara, Ayoob |date=15 April 2010 |work=Common Ground News |publisher=Search for Common Ground |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3915888,00.html |title=MK Kara, Golan Druze underwent organ transplants in Syria |author= |date=6 July 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> In addition, he has coordinated burials for families between Syria, Lebanon, and the Golan.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3831412,00.html |title=Syrian Druze doctor buried in native Golan Heights village |author=Einav, Hagai |date=7 January 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3876471,00.html |title=SLA woman's body transferred to Lebanon for burial |author=Einav, Hagai |date=15 April 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Kara is hopeful that these "cracks in the great wall between Israel and Syria" will one day lead to real negotiations for peace.<ref name=cgn /> Or at the very least, he hopes to cut down the bureaucracy preventing humanitarian exchanges between Israel and Syria.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3895224,00.html |title=Golan dancers invited to Syrian festival |author=Nahmias, Roee |date=28 May 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref> Kara has also called for mines to be removed from the Golan, citing them as dangerous to travelers and not needed for Israel's defense.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3848710,00.html |title=MK Kara says will discuss clearing out mines from Golan with PM |author=Einav, Hagai |date=14 February 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=22 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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When several pro-Israel European politicians visited Israel, Kara and other Knesset members joined the Europeans to condemn the Gaza disengagement and lack of assistance to former Jewish residents of Gaza, who had been expelled from their homes. Kara urged stronger relationships with European politicians that support Israel.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/141055 |title=European MPs: Giving Up Gaza was a Mistake |author=Miskin, Maayana |date=8 December 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=14 December 2010}}</ref> Kara visited [[Austria]] in December 2010 and met with [[Heinz-Christian Strache]], leader of the [[Freedom Party of Austria]], praising him at a joint press conference and calling him a "friend of Israel" in its war on terror.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/austrian-jews-chide-likud-mk-for-meeting-far-right-leader-1.332597 |title=Austrian Jews chide Likud MK for meeting far-right leader |author=Barak Ravid |date=24 December 2010 |work=Haaretz |publisher=Haaretz |accessdate=24 December 2010}}</ref> Austria's Jewish community complained in a letter addressed to Israeli Prime Minister [[Benyamin Netanyahu]] about the meeting and the praise and honor bestowed by Kara on the party and its members, particularly in light of the party's anti-semitic remarks and their praise for the Nazi regime of the [[Third Reich]]. Israel had scaled back its diplomatic relations with Austria when the party entered into the Austrian government a few years ago.<br />
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The head of a [[southern Sudan]] delegation to a February 2011 meeting of a new organization to develop [[Nigeria]], Suleiman Alhariri, invited Kara to the newly forming country to help begin setting up diplomatic relations.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/142392 |title=South Sudan Wants Ties with Israel |author= |date=Ronen, Gil |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=17 February 2011}}</ref> Kara led a delegation of Jewish, Muslim, Druze, and Christian religious leaders to discuss interfaith relations in [[Istanbul]] with TV show host [[Adnan Oktar]]. The delegation presented a list of Jewish religious sites in Syria for the opposition in the [[2011 Syrian uprising]] to guard, should unrest threaten the sites.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=220149|title=Rabbis to give Syrian opposition list of holy sites to save|last=Mandel|first=Jonah|date=12 May 2011|publisher=Jerusalem Post|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref> The group planned to set up a religious court to arbitrate regional disputes. Kara also said Turkey is eager to reestablish its ties with Israel."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.jpost.com/JewishWorld/JewishNews/Article.aspx?id=220373|title=Interfaith leaders in Istanbul pledge to counter extremism|last=Mandel|first=Jonah|date=13 May 2011|publisher=Jerusalem Post|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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==Political Positions==<br />
Kara is known as a staunch conservative in the Knesset, supporting "hawkish" and Zionist views. He opposed the Gaza [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]] and the 2009-10 settlement freeze. He is a supporter of [[Moshe Feiglin]]'s [[Manhigut Yehudit]] faction, within Likud.<ref name=portfolio /> He also supports the [[death penalty]] for terrorists.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/143633|title=Death Penalty Unlikely for Itamar Massacre Terrorists|last=Ben Gedalyahu|first=Tzvi|date=18 April 2011|work=Israel National News|publisher=Arutz Sheva|accessdate=19 April 2011}}</ref><br />
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===Gaza===<br />
During the months preceding the [[Israel's unilateral disengagement plan|disengagement]] from the [[Gaza Strip]] and northern [[West Bank]], Kara requested from then [[Prime Minister of Israel|Prime Minister]], [[Ariel Sharon]], that Druze soldiers not be assigned to tasks related to the disengagement, since the Druze opposed the disengagement and did not want to have anything to do with it. In an interview, Kara claimed "The withdrawal is going to be terrible for Israeli security. Hamas is going to become dominant as soon as Israel leaves Gaza, and they will use the land to stage more attacks against Israel."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.worldnetdaily.com/news/article.asp?ARTICLE_ID=43770 |title=Gaza withdrawal 'victory for terrorism' |author=Klein, Aaron |date=13 April 2005 |work= |publisher=World Net Daily |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> However, he was threatened with expulsion from the Knesset for trying to obstruct the plan as it went through.<ref name=tjp /> The Israeli media called him the "prophet of fury".<ref name=sos>{{cite web |url=http://www.sos-israel.com/20255.html |title=Assistant Minister Ayoob Kara: Israeli Leaders Haven't Learned their Lesson |author= |date=19 October 2010 |work= |publisher=SOS Israel |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Years earlier, he opposed the [[South Lebanon conflict (1982–2000)#2000: Israeli withdrawal|withdrawal from Lebanon]] in 2000, warning that [[Hezbollah]] would gain power in Israel's absence.<ref name=tjp /><br />
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After the [[Gaza flotilla clash]], Kara spoke with a leading [[mufti]] in [[Turkey]]. He told the mufti that Israel conducted the operation legally and humanely and presented facts backing his claims. In addition, he said "Israel is the most humanitarian country in the Middle East and never objected to the transfer of humanitarian aid to Gaza," and the flotilla organizers intended to provoke Israel. He also asked the mufti to preach brotherhood between Israel and Turkey, "saying there are no winners in war."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/137828 |title=Israeli MK Ayoub Kara Talks to Turkish Mufti About Flotilla |author=Fleisher, Malkah |date=1 June 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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At a meeting hosted by Turkish TV personality Adnan Oktar, Kara stated that flotillas must carry humanitarian aid and not weapons. He said that Israel wanted to work with Turkey to transfer humanitarian aid to Gaza.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.hurriyetdailynews.com/n.php?n=flotilla-must-carry-food-not-gun-israeli-official-says-2011-05-12|title=Flotilla must carry food not guns, Israeli official says|last=Tunçel|first=Çağla Pinar|date=12 May 2011|publisher=Hürriyet Daily News|accessdate=14 May 2011}}</ref><br />
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===Iran===<br />
Kara supports an Israeli strike against [[Iran]]'s [[Nuclear program of Iran|nuclear program]] and assured that other Muslim nations would support a strike, albeit quietly and not publicly.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.jpost.com/ArtsAndCulture/Entertainment/Article.aspx?ID=170342 |title='Islamic nations will back Iran strike' |author= |date=6 February 2010 |work= |publisher=Jerusalem Post |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> In April 2010, the MK made public that he had been approached by an Israeli woman of [[Persian Jewish]] origin, who had been contacted by an Iranian nuclear scientist seeking [[right of asylum|asylum]] in Israel. Kara stated he would help and that the scientist was staying in a "friendly country", but there has been no word on the plan since the announcement.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3880056,00.html |title='Iranian nuke scientist seeks asylum in Israel' |author=Sofer, Roni |date=24 April 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronoth |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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Following a planned visit by Iranian president [[Mahmoud Ahmadinejad]] to the Israel-[[Lebanon]] border, Kara organized a rally in which 2,000 blue and white balloons would be released if Ahmadinejad came, stating that "the balloons represent the fact that the Jewish people have come home after 2,000 years of exile, and are not going anywhere". Kara also stated that as a non-Jew, he appreciated Israel's freedom and democracy, and that were it not for the Jewish people, the entire region would look like Iran. Kara also claims to have sent Ahmadinejad a letter in [[Persian language|Persian]], in which he expressed "the Israeli nation's desire for peace, and its willingness to defend itself".<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140032 |title=MK Kara: 2,000 Blue and White Balloons to Greet Ahmadinejad |author=Lev, David |date=12 October 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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At the event, Kara criticized the Israeli government for inaction and called Ahmadinejad "a catastrophe for the world" and said that Israel wants peace, not wars.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.euronews.net/2010/10/14/ahmadinejad-rallies-crowd-in-lebanon/ |title=Ahmadinejad rallies crowd in Lebanon |author= |date=14 October 2010 |work= |publisher=Euronews |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref><ref name=abc /> He also warned that Ahmadinejad intends to rebuild the [[Persian Empire]], using Lebanon as an army base.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3968769,00.html |title=Metula: Dozens protest against Ahmadinejad's visit to Lebanon |author= |date=13 October 2010 |work=Ynetnews |publisher=Yedioth Ahronot |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Peace plan===<br />
Kara believes that Israel "has no one to make peace with" and that all the peace partners aim to weaken Israel. He noted that Israelis think like Europeans and do not understand the thought process in the Middle East.<ref name=sos /> He criticized the [[Oslo accords]] for giving "the [[Palestine Liberation Organization|criminal Palestinian leadership]] that was in [[Lebanon]] and [[Tunisia]] the legitimacy to be leaders in Judea, Samaria, and Gaza."<ref> {{cite web |url=http://www.jstandard.com/index.php/content/item/14426/ |title=MKs: New peace initiative to rely on international law |author=Santacruz, Daniel |date=6 August 2010 |work= |publisher=Jewish Standard |accessdate=21 October 2010}}</ref><br />
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In July 2010, Kara warned Israel not to be tricked by [[United States]] [[president]] Barack Obama's apparent sympathy for Israel. Kara stated that Obama "doesn’t sound evil now because he needs Jewish votes and money, but I won’t forget the pressure he put on Netanyahu and the stress I saw in the prime minister the last time he came back from Washington."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/189669 |title=Ayoub Kara Warns Not to Trust Obama |author= |date=7 July 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> Several days later, in an interview, he endorsed a [[three-state solution]], saying that [[Egypt]] should resume control over [[Gaza]]. He noted that Arabs almost universally call for a restoration of the situation prior to the [[Six-Day War]], when Gaza was part of Egypt. In addition, he mentioned that it would be beneficial to the security of Egypt to eliminate [[Iran]]ian influence in the territory.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/189908 |title=MK Kara: Give Gaza to Egypt |author= |date=12 July 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> In an interview, Kara noted that "In all history there was never a [[Palestinian state]]." He proposed that [[Jordan]], which is 90% [[Palestinian people|Palestinian]] take administrative control of Arab cities in the West Bank, while Israel would control defense, major cities, and broad areas in the territory.<ref name=tjp /><br />
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During the [[2010 Israel forest fire]], Kara stated he had information that the fire was "a terrorist act"—[[arson]]—and called for the perpetrators to be executed like [[Adolf Eichmann]].<ref name="arson" /> Many of the 41 killed in the blaze were Druze.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/140968 |title=40 Dead in Fire, Most were on Prisons Service Bus |author=Benari, Elad et al |date=2 December 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=3 December 2010}}</ref><br />
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===Settlements===<br />
A staunch supporter of Jewish settlement in the West Bank, Kara spoke at a ceremony marking the end of the settlement freeze. He criticizing it as not helpful to Israel or the PA<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/139780 |title=Balloons, Cheers as Freeze Comes to an End |author=Miskin, Maayana |date=26 September 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=20 October 2010}}</ref> and said that the [[August 2010 West Bank shooting|killings]] of four Israelis near [[Kiryat Arba]] shows that the freeze only serves as "[[appeasement]]" and is not working.<ref name=npr /> At an event marking the construction of a new building in the West bank, Kara stated: "The expulsion of Jews from [[Gush Katif]] brought zero results, the expulsion of the Israeli army from Lebanon has brought zero results, and the construction freeze brought zero results."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/Flash.aspx/194845 |title=MK Kara: We Will Rebuild Gush Katif |author= |date=28 September 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=23 October 2010}}</ref> Kara attended an Israeli version of the American [[tea party protests]] with other Likud MKs and members. Speakers at the event called on Obama to stop pressuring Netanyahu and for the prime minister to stand his ground and uphold Jewish rights and values.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/news.aspx/140372 |title=First Anti-Obama Tea Party in Israel |author=Benari, Elad and Yoni Kempinsky |date=1 November 2010 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=30 November 2010}}</ref> However, he abstained from a vote brought by [[# National Union (Israel)|National Union]] MKs that would extend sovereignty to Jewish towns in Judea, Samaria, and the south-central [[Jordan valley]] (West Bank).<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/142492 |title=Knesset Rejects NU Plan for Sovereignty in Judea and Samaria |author=Ronen, Gil |date=23 February 2011 |work=Israel National News |publisher=Arutz Sheva |accessdate=23 February 2011}}</ref><br />
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==See also==<br />
* [[List of Arab members of the Knesset]]<br />
<br />
==Articles==<br />
* [http://www.commongroundnews.org/article.php?id=27617 How to bring Syria to the negotiating table]<br />
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==References==<br />
{{reflist|3}}<br />
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==External links==<br />
*{{MKlink|id=230}}<br />
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{{Current MKs}}<br />
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{{Persondata <!-- Metadata: see [[Wikipedia:Persondata]]. --><br />
| NAME =Kara, Ayoob<br />
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =<br />
| SHORT DESCRIPTION =<br />
| DATE OF BIRTH =12 March 1955<br />
| PLACE OF BIRTH =[[Daliyat al-Karmel]]<br />
| DATE OF DEATH =<br />
| PLACE OF DEATH =<br />
}}<br />
<br />
{{DEFAULTSORT:Kara, Ayoob}}<br />
[[Category:1955 births]]<br />
[[Category:Living people]]<br />
[[Category:Arab politicians in Israel]]<br />
[[Category:Druze people of Israeli nationality]]<br />
[[Category:Government ministers of Israel]]<br />
[[Category:Likud politicians]]<br />
[[Category:Members of the Knesset]]<br />
<br />
[[cs:Ajúb Qará]]<br />
[[he:איוב קרא]]<br />
[[nl:Ayoob Kara]]<br />
[[ru:Кара, Аюб]]</div>TFighterPilot