Pakistan Navy

2011-10-21T07:46:54Z

Swift&silent: Undid revision 456555037 by FALCON-786- (talk). Uncited changes reverted. Please see WP:Vandalism.

{{Pakistan Navy}}
The '''Pakistan Navy''' ({{lang-ur| '''پاک بحریہ'''}}, ''Pak Bahr'ya'') ('''PN''') is the naval warfare/service branch of the [[Pakistan Armed Forces]]. Pakistan's Navy is responsible for Pakistan's {{Convert|1046|km|sigfig=3}} coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important civilian harbors and military bases. Navy Day is celebrated on [[September 8]] in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm Pakistan Times | Top Story: Defence Day in Pakistan today; President, PM ask nation to imbibe spirit of ’65 War]</ref>

The Pakistan Navy's current and primary role is to protect country's economical and military interests at home and abroad, executing the foreign and defence policies of Pakistan Government through the exercise of military effect, diplomatic activities and other activities in support of these objectives.<ref name="Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs ">{{Cite web
| last =PN
| first =Pakistan Navy
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Pakistan Navy: Roles and Function
| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)
| publisher =Pakistan Navy Public and Military Affairs
| date =18 March 2008
| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/roles_functions.htm
| doi =
| accessdate =2011 }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal
| last =Khan, Pakistan Navy (retired), current research officer at Pakistan Naval War College
| first =Commander Muhammad Azam
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Options for Pakistan Navy: § Pakistan Navy: A sentinel for energy and economic security
| journal =
| volume =
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| pages =7
| publisher =Commander Muhammad Azam Khan, retired. Current, research officer at the Pakistan Naval War College
| location =[[United States Naval Academy]]
| year =2011
| url =http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&q=cache:07Y3Irx3AO8J:www.usnwc.edu/getattachment/cc6209f2-7f01-4bb7-ac24-8c301c62f015/S-2--Options-for-the-Pakistan-Navy+pakistan+navy+in+space+program&hl=en&gl=us&pid=bl&srcid=ADGEESiCaTe2oeJ2JwqKQE0UX8j-cw-UPdVfozoMAwRfsYewXAXeayLVIPxn2TyMVcGTW9A_BdSqACZjpRhb8_u-EfL-kslbz7CXPTIr9PZBtAguv97XWyY4K4fsg2utDUL8dmXdtmjg&sig=AHIEtbTIXTgr9LKaJv5Fbgnj_ftn-1MQzw
| jstor =
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| accessdate = }}</ref> As for the 21st century, the Pakistan Navy also focuses on global expeditionary operations, and played a vital role in the establishment of [[Pakistan Antarctic Programme]].<ref>Mills, J.M. (2003). Exploring polar frontiers: a historical encyclopedia. 1 (A–M). Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.</ref><ref>{{Cite web
| last =PN
| first =Pakistan Navy
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Pakistan Navy: Hydrography
| work =Naval Inter-Service Public Relation (Naval ISPR)
| publisher =Pakistan Navy Department of National Research and Hydrography
| date =
| url =http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/hydro/h_intro.htm
| doi =
| accessdate =2011 }}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, there are [[Pakistan Navy#Fleet composition|11 combatant ships]] in Pakistan Navy, including 30 aircraft, 20 helicopters, [[dock landing ship]], [[Pakistan Navy#Fleet composition|4 minehunters]], 12 missile boats, 12 hovercraft (used by Marines), 11 combatant frigates, 1 destroyer, 5 submarines, 8 auxiliary ships, a research vessel, and Missile guided vessel.

The Pakistan Navy is also supported by [[Pakistan Coast Guard]], [[Pakistan Marines]], and the [[Maritime Security Agency]], the paramilitary division of Pakistan Navy.<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium ">{{Cite web
| last =Khan
| first =Captain Hassan
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Pakistan Navy: Strength
| work =Pakistan Military Consortium
| publisher =Pakistan Military Consortium
| date =18 March 2008
| url =http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/navy/command.html
| doi =
| accessdate =2011 }}</ref> {{As of|2011}}, the Pakistan Navy has approximately numbered 25,000 active duty regulars, 5,000 in Navy reserves.<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/> In addition, there are 2,000 regular reserves in Maritime Security Agency, 2,500 active duty regulars in Coast Guards, and 1,200 active duty members in Marines.<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/> In its recent times, the Pakistan Navy is currently undergoing extensive [[Pakistan Navy#Frigates|modernisation and expansion]] as [[Pakistan's role in the War on Terror|part]] of its in the [[War on Terror]]. Since 2001, the Pakistan Navy has increased and expanded its operational scope and has been given greater national and international responsibility in countering the threat of sea-based global terrorism, drug smuggling and trafficking issues.<ref name="Bilal H. Khan Pakistan Military Consortium ">{{Cite web
| last =Khan
| first =Bilal H.
| authorlink =
| coauthors =
| title =Pakistan Navy Modernization Program
| work =Pakistan Military Consortium
| publisher =Bilal H. Khan Pakistan Military Consortium
| date =18 March 2008
| url =http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/navy/pn_modernization.html
| doi =
| accessdate =2011 }}</ref> Since 2004, Pakistan Navy became a member of the primarily NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) Combined Task Force – 150 (CTF-150).<ref name="Bilal H. Khan Pakistan Military Consortium "/>

The [[Constitution of Pakistan|Constitution]] of Pakistan has allowed [[President of Pakistan]] as the civilian Commander-in-Chief. The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), by statute a four star admiral, appointed by the President with the consultation and confirmation needed from the [[Prime minister of Pakistan]]. The Chief of Naval Staff is subordinate to the civilian [[Defence Minister of Pakistan|Defence Minister]] and [[Defence Secretary of Pakistan|Secretary Defence]], commands the Navy.

==History==
The foundation of the Royal Pakistan Navy came a day after the independence of [[Pakistan]] on 15 August 1947. The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the [[Royal Indian Navy]] between both India and Pakistan. The Royal Pakistan Navy secured two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbor launches and some 358 personnel (180 officers and 34 [[Naval rating|ratings]]) and was given a number of [[Harbour Defence Motor Launch|harbour defence motor launches]]. It was also given a high percentage of the [[river delta|delta]] areas on the Pakistan coast.

{{cquote|''“ Today is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The Dominion of Pakistan has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force.”'' [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder of [[Pakistan]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm Muhammad Ali Jinnah, addressing the Naval Academy in March 1948.]{{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>}}

===The beginning===
[[File:Shamsher Pakistan SLV Green 1951.jpg|thumb|left|Frigate Shamsher in 1951]]

The Royal Pakistan Navy saw no action during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] as all the fighting was restricted to land warfare. In 1956 the [[Islamic Republic]] of Pakistan was proclaimed under the 1956 constitution. The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped and the service was re-designated as the Pakistan Navy, or "PN" for short. The PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the [[White Ensign]] respectively. The order of precedence of the three services changed from [[Navy]], [[Army]], [[Air force]] to Army, Navy, Air Force.

In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced supplying of several major surface combatants to Pakistan. These warships, a cruiser and four destroyers were purchased with funds made available under the US [[Military Assistance Program]]. The acquisition of a few additional warships from 1956–63, comprising two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers and an oiler, was the direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-[[Communist]] defence pacts of [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]].

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965===
{{Main|Operation Somnath}}

During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]], the navy was involved in a conflict for the first time. Apart from carrying out successful bombardment of the coastal town of [[Dwarka|Dwaraka]] – codenamed [[Operation Dwarka]], the navy's submarine [[PNS Ghazi]] was deployed, Pakistan's first submarine and remaining the flagship submarine for Pakistan Navy till deployed against Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] (Mumbai) port.<ref>[http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm An Agosta Submarine for Pakistan]</ref>
[[File:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|Daphne class submarine ''Ghazi'' (S-134)]]

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
{{Main|Operation Barisal|Submarine operations, 1971|Indo-Pakistani Naval War of 1971}}
[[File:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|PNS Nazim which previously took part in the [[Vietnam War|Vietnam]] and [[Korean War]]s with the USN]]

[[Karachi]], the hub of Pakistan's [[maritime trade]], housed the combatant headquarters of the Pakistan Navy and almost the entire naval fleet. On December 4 the Indian Navy launched a naval attack, [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]], consisting of 3 [[Osa class missile boat|OSA class]] [[missile boat]]s escorted by two [[anti-submarine]] patrol vessels. Nearing the Karachi port, they detected Pakistani presence and launched their [[SS-N-2 Styx]] anti-ship missiles. The obsolescent Pakistani ships had no viable defence against such missiles<ref>[http://www.defencejournal.com/nov98/angrysea.htm The Angry Sea], ''Defense Journal'', Nov. 1998</ref> and, as a result, the PNS ''Muhafiz'' and PNS ''Khyber'' were both sunk while the PNS Shahjahan was damaged beyond repair.

On 8 December 1971 the [[PNS Hangor|''Hangor'']], a Pakistani [[Daphné class submarine]], sank the Indian frigate [[INS Khukri (1958)|INS ''Khukri'']] off the coast of Gujarat, India. This was the first sinking of a warship by a submarine since [[World War II]]. 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian navy were killed in this operation. The same submarine also damaged another warship, INS Kirpan.<ref name="gs">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm Hangor Class (Fr Daphn]</ref> Attempts were then made by Pakistan to counter the Indian missile boat threat by carrying out bombing raids over Okha harbour, the forward base of the missile boats.
Another Indian attack on the Pakistani coast, named Operation Python, occurred on the night of 8 December 1971. A small group of Indian vessels, consisting of a missile boat and two frigates, approached Karachi. The Indian ships sank the Panamian vessel Gulf Star, while the Pakistan Navy's ''Dacca'' and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were damaged. Pakistani fuel reserves were also destroyed by the Indian vessels.

Under the direction of former Commander of Navy, Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]], the navy's presence in East Pakistan was tripled. A command size naval assets were expanded with an administrative naval units operating in East Pakistan. In 1969, Admiral Ahsan was sent to East Pakistan and became the unified commander of Pakistan Armed Forces in East Pakistan. The Eastern Naval Command posed a significant threat to existing Indian Navy's [[Eastern Naval Command]]. Therefore, Indian Navy launched the [[Operation Jackpot]] to disturb the Eastern High Command and its existence in Eastern wing. With [[East Pakistan]] (now [[Bangladesh]]) having been surrounded on all three sides by the [[Indian Army]], the PN was attempting to prevent Indian access to the coast. The PN's only long range submarine, [[PNS Ghazi|''Ghazi'']], was deployed to the area but, according to neutral sources, it sank en route under mysterious circumstances.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=ZcejlMRYNAAC&pg=PA179&dq=PNS+Ghazi&ei=LKdDSKG0H4KijgGs1qG-BQ&sig=9YcFuLJttkAY3wIH965XTx6eU1Y#v=onepage&q=PNS%20Ghazi&f=false</ref> Pakistani authorities state that it sank either due to internal explosion or detonation of mines which it was laying at the time.<ref>{{cite news|last=Joseph|first=Josy |title=Now, no record of Navy sinking Pakistani submarine in 1971|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/India/Now-no-record-of-Navy-sinking-Pakistani-submarine-in-1971/articleshow/5919209.cms|work=TOI website|publisher=Times Of India|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=12|month=May |year=2010|quote=Pakistani authorities say the submarine sank because of either an internal explosion or accidental blast of mines that the submarine itself was laying around Vizag harbour. }}</ref> The Indian Navy claims to have sank the submarine.<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Jacob|first=Lt Gen JFR |title=The truth behind the Navy's 'sinking' of Ghazi|url=http://sify.com/news/the-truth-behind-the-navy-s-sinking-of-ghazi-news-columns-kfztj3bhjeh.html|work=sify news website|publisher=sify news|accessdate=28 May 2010|date=25|month=05|year=2010|quote= On December 9, the Navy announced that they had sunk the Ghazi on December 4, after the start of the war. Later, officers were decorated for their role and the offensive action of their ships in the sinking of the Ghazi. After the war, however, teams of divers confirmed that it was an internal explosion that sank the Ghazi. The log of the Ghazi was recovered and the last entry as far as I can recall was on November 29, 1971. Sadly, that too has been destroyed. }}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.rediff.com/news/2007/jan/22inter.htm|title=The Rediff Interview/Admiral S M Nanda (retd) 'Does the US want war with India?' |last=Sengupta|first=Ramananda|date=22 January 2007|work=Interview|publisher=Rediff|accessdate=26 March 2010|location=India}}</ref> The submarine's destruction enabled the Indian Navy to enforce a blockade on then East Pakistan.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= May 16, 2005 }}</ref>

The damage inflicted by the [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]] on the PN stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol crafts belonging to the [[coast guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, and large scale damage inflicted on the naval base and docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships; Anwar Baksh, Pasni and Madhumathi;<ref>[http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm Utilisation of Pakistan merchant ships seized during the 1971 war]</ref> and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name = Orbat>{{cite web | title=Damage Assessment – 1971 INDO-PAK Naval War | work=B. Harry | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF| accessdate=May 16, 2005}}</ref> Around 1900 personnel were lost, while 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]].<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | accessdate=May 30, 2005}} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}</ref> The Indian Navy lost 18 officers and 176 sailors<ref name="gs"/><ref>[http://cities.expressindia.com/fullstory.php?newsid=153894 Express India]</ref> and a [[frigate]], while another frigate was damaged and a [[Breguet Alizé]] naval aircraft was shot down by the [[Pakistan Air Force]]. According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], the Pakistan Navy lost a third of its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Tariq Ali]] | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd | year=1983 | isbn=978-0-14-022401-6}}</ref> The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy, or the military in general, in East Pakistan. Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to an adversary.

===Post war Operations===
{{See also|Operation Umeed-e-Nuh}}
The Pakistan Navy played an integral role to stop the arm smuggled in [[Balochistan conflict]]. After the discovery of [[Arms discovery in Iraqi Embassy (Pakistan)|Arms in the Iraqi Embassy]] in Pakistan, the Navy made an effort to apply a [[naval blockade]] to prevent arms smuggling in the Province. Later, the navy provided logistic support to the Army and the Air Force in the conflict.

From her inception, the Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan. It sought more vessels from France and China. The Pakistan Navy thus became the first navy in [[South Asia]] to acquire land based missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> During the 1980s the Pakistan Navy enjoyed un-preceded growth. It doubled its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration approved US$3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan. Pakistan acquired eight Brooke and Garcia-class frigates from [[US Navy]] on a five year lease in 1988. A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|ex-USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. However after the [[Soviet]] withdrawal from [[Afghanistan]] in 1989 [[President of the United States|US President]] [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]] was advised to no longer certify that Pakistan was not involved in the development of nuclear weapons and the Pressler’s Amendment was invoked on 1 October 1990. The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994. This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of former US origin ships. Pakistan began to concentrate on self-reliance for its military equipment needs.

The PN began negotiations with China to lease a Chinese [[Type 091 submarine|Type 091 ''Han'' class]] nuclear submarine after rival India began leasing a Russian [[Charlie class submarine|Charlie 1 class]] nuclear submarine. Negotiations were canceled when the Russian submarine was returned in 1991.<ref>http://chinadefense.xinjunshi.com/ChinaDefense/PLANavyEquipment/91.html</ref>

During the [[Kargil War]] episode, the Pakistan Navy was deactivated along with the [[Pakistan Air Force]], according to [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff]] Admiral [[Admiral Fasih Bokhari|Fasih Bokhari]]. However, when Indian Navy launched ''Operation Talwar'', Pakistan Navy responded by deploying Eastern and Southern Naval Command to keep Indian Navy from Ports of Karachi and Baluchistan. The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|Naval Air Arm]] maintained its reconnaissance and patrol operations near at the Arabian sea. During the 2001–2002 India-Pakistan Standoff, the Pakistan Navy was a put on high-alert and more than a dozen warships were deployed near at the Arabian Sea.

Later in 2004, the Pakistan Navy participated in [[Operation Enduring Freedom]] along with U.S. warships traveling through the Arabian Sea and Persian Gulf.<ref name="ispr.gov.pk">[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-article&id=17 Pakistan Navy’s Role in Low Intensity Conflict]</ref> The PN Maritime patrol and reconnaissance aircraft also undertook surveillance sorties in North Arabian Sea and helped the Headquarters Naval Centre (HQ NAVCENT) in picture compilation.<ref name="ispr.gov.pk"/>

===Atlantique incident===
{{Main|Atlantique Incident}}

The [[Atlantique Incident]] was a major international incident on 10 August 1999 where a Pakistan Navy plane ([[Breguet Atlantic]]) with 16 on board was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch|Kutch]] region by Indian Air Force jets, with Pakistan and India both claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace. However, the wreckage fell well within Pakistani territory, giving credence to the Pakistani claim. The Indian Air Force stated that the Atlantique was trying to return to Pakistani airspace after intruding more than {{convert|10|nmi|km}} and as such was headed towards Pakistan. At the speed of {{convert|400|kn|km/h}} at which the shootdown occurred{{Citation needed|date=September 2010}} most of the wreckage could have been expected to land at least {{convert|25|mi|km}} from the shootdown{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}; the fact that all of the wreckage fell in Pakistani territory would tend to vindicate Pakistani claims that the aircraft did not violate Indian airspace. This incident resulted in escalated tensions between the two neighbouring countries.<ref>[http://www.independent.co.uk/news/16-dead-as-india-shoots-down-pakistani-naval-plane-1112052.html 16 dead as India shoots down Pakistani naval plane]</ref>

===P3C Orion Crash===
In October 1999, a Pakistan Naval surveillance aircraft crashed while on routine exercise towards the costal town of Pasni in Baluchistan.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/493254.stm | work=BBC News | title=Pakistan naval aircraft crashes | date=October 29, 1999}}</ref> 21 Personnel including 11 sailors and 10 officers died in the incident. The incident was marked as a technical failure, and no enquiry was made into the crash. P3C Orion were originally developed for the US by Lockheed Martin.<ref>[http://www.lockheedmartin.com/products/p3/index.html P-3 Orion | Lockheed Martin]</ref>

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on December 26, 2004. Pakistan sent her combatant vessels to [[Sri Lanka]], [[Bangladesh]], and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>[http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm Pakistan navy sends ships to rescue tsunami victims]</ref>

Pakistan Navy dispatched its two combatant vessels, [[PNS Tariq (1973)|PNS Tariq]], a destroyer, PNS ''Nasr'', a Logistic support ship, were deployed in the region. Under the tactical direction of former Chief of Naval Staff Admiral (retired) Shahid Karimullah, Pakistan Navy ships immediately rendered their assistance to Government of Maldives for evacuation of stranded tourists/locals from islands. Pakistan Navy continued this humanitarian assistance through rendering diplomatic and material support by sending two more ships with sizeable relief efforts to Indonesia and Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.jang.com.pk/thenews/spedition/defence_day_supp_05/p11.html Role of Pakistan Navy in Tsunami relief operation]</ref> Pakistan Navy later assigned another relief mission to Sri Lanka dispatching two more combatant vessels. PNS ''Khaiber'' and PNS ''Moawin'' were dispatched to assist Sri Lanka.<ref>[http://www.paktribune.com/news/print.php?id=91172 PN ships to arrive in Indonesia for relief operation in tsunami-hit areas]</ref> These vessels had three helicopters, a [[Pakistan Marines|140th Marine Expeditionary Force]], military and civilian doctors, and paramedics. Besides, relief goods – medicines, medical equipment, food supplies, tents, blankets- are being sent in huge quantities.<ref>[http://pakistantimes.net/2005/01/04/top.htm Quake-Tsunami Devastation: Pakistan Joins Global Task Force for Aid ]</ref> The diameter of relief operations were expanded to Bangladesh. And, Pakistan Naval vessels, carrying other Pakistan Armed Forces units,landed in Bangladesh for the for the first time since December 1971. The Navy, Army, and the Air Force had carried out the relief operations in the Bangladesh, where the Pakistani forces also anticipated reconstruction of civil infrastructure in the country.<ref>[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/front/main.asp?o=t-article&id=3 The role of Pakistan Armed Forces in Bangladesh]</ref>

===Operation Madad===
{{Main|Operation Madad (Pakistan Navy)|2010 Pakistan floods|Relief efforts of the 2010 Pakistan floods}}

Recently, the Pakistan Navy had rescued and evacuated more than 352,291 people. The Navy launched ''Operation Madad'' (English: "Help") throughout Pakistan on August 2010.<ref>[http://www.pakistannews.com.pk/national/pakistan-flood-disaster/pak-navy-launches-operation-madad-sindh.html Pak Navy launches operation ‘Madad’ in Sindh]</ref> Since then, the PN had provided 43,850 kg of food and relief goods to flood victims. 5,700 kg of ready-to-cook food, 1,000 kg of dates and 5,000 kg of food has been dispatched to Sukkur. The [[Pakistan Naval Air Arm|PNA]] had air dropped more than 500 kg of food and relief good in Thal, Ghospur and Mirpur areas.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=256553&Cat=4&dt=8/16/2010 Pakistan Navy continues relief operations]</ref> {{As of|2011|01}}, under the program ''PN Model Village'', the Navy is building the model houses in the affected areas. More than 87 houses were built and had been distributed to the local [[Internally displaced person|IDPs]]. About 69,011 people have been treated in PN medical camps.<ref>[http://www.onepakistan.com/news/local/karachi/81137-pn-model-village-handed-over-to-idps.html PN Model Village handed over to IDPs]</ref>

==Personnel==
[[File:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistan Navy Officers On Guard By the Standard of the Navy and the Naval Jack]]
[[File:080225-N-9167V-007.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistani navy Commodore Khan Hasham Bin Saddique, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, February 25, 2008.]]

The Pakistan Navy has around 24,000 active personnel and 5,000 in reserve.<ref name= Malaya>[http://www.malaya.com.ph/jun25/eddahli.htm] Anchors aweigh, Pakistan {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref> The force includes a small Naval Air Arm and the approximately 2,000 member [[paramilitary]] Maritime Security Agency, charged primarily with protecting Pakistan's [[exclusive economic zone]](EEZ).<ref name=Malaya/> The Navy also comprises the [[Special Services Group Navy]], a marine [[commando]] unit as well as a Marine unit, both stationed at Karachi. The SSG(N) and Marines are believed to number around 1,000 in troop strength each. The Pakistan Navy recently began inducting women for combat positions apart from the existing administrative posts, becoming one of the few [[Islamic Republic]]s to do so.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/update_detail.asp?id=15213] 22 female sailors inducted in Pak navy {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>

===Naval Headquarters===
*[[Admiral]] [[Asif Sandila|Muhammad Asif Sandila]], [[Hilal-i-Imtiaz|HI(M)]] — [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]]
*Vice Admiral Tanveer Faiz, HI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects-2)
*Vice Admiral Waqar Siddiq, HI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Supply)
*Rear Admiral Mohammad Shafiq, HI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Administration)
*Rear Admiral Muhammad Zakaullah, HI(M) — Naval Secretary
*Rear Admiral Shafqat Jawed, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects)
*Rear Admiral Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Trg & Personnel)
*Rear Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Saddique, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Operations)
*Rear Admiral Shah Sohail Masood, SI(M) — Director General Naval Intelligence (DGNI)
*Rear Admiral Shahid Saeed, SI(M) — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Material)

===Commands===
*[[Vice Admiral]] [[Abbas Raza]], HI(M) — Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK), Karachi
*Vice Admiral Tayyab Ali Dogar HI(M) Commander Coast (COMCOAST), Karachi
*Vice Admiral Khalid Amin, HI(M) — Commander Logistics (COMLOG), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Khawar, SI(M) — Commander Karachi (COMKAR), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Jamil Akhtar, SI(M) T Bt — Commander North (COMNOR), Islamabad
*[[Rear Admiral]] [[Tahseen Ullah Khan]], SI(M) — Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Syed Bashir Ahmed, SI(M) — Commandant [[Pakistan Navy War College]] (PNWC) & Commander Central Punjab (COMCEP) [[Lahore]]
*Rear Admiral Syed Imdad Imam Jafri, SI(M) — Commandant, [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]] (Comdt PNEC), [[Karachi]]

===External billets===
*Rear Admiral Saleem Akhtar, HI(M) — DG Maritime Technologies Complex (DG MTC), Islamabad
*[[Rear Admiral]] Waseem Akram, SI(M) — DG [[Maritime Security Agency]] (DG MSA), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Adnan Nazir, SI(M) — DG Training and Joint Warfare (DG Trg) at Joint Staff HQ (JSHQ), [[Chaklala]]
*Rear Admiral Farrokh Ahmad, SI(M) — Additional Secretary-III (Navy) at [[Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)|Ministry of Defence]] (MoD), [[Rawalpindi]]
*Rear Admiral Kaleem Shaukat, SI(M) - Commander Combined Task Force 151, Manama, Bahrain
*Rear Admiral Syed Hasan Nasir Shah, SI(M) — Managing Director, [[Karachi Shipyard|Karachi Shipyard and Engineering Works]] (MD KSEW), Karachi
*Rear Admiral Azhar Hayat, SI(M) — General Manager (Operations), [[Karachi Port Trust]] (GMO KPT), Karachi

==List of Past Chiefs of Naval Staff==
{{Main|Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)}}
[[File:FM-90 SAM.JPG|[[HQ-7#HQ-7A .28FM-90.29|FM-90]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system.|thumb|FM-90 On board PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:Alouette IIICS5.jpg|thumb|right|[[Pakistan Naval Air Arm]] [[Alouette III]] on board [[PNS Tippu Sultan (1975)|PNS Tippu Sultan]] at [[HMNB Portsmouth|Portsmouth]] in 2005]]
[[File:C-802 anti ship missile.JPG|Two 4-cell [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile]] launchers.|thumb|C-802 Anti Ship Missile on board PNS Zulfiqar]]

The Chief of Naval Staff (CNS), a 4-star Admiral, is a most senior and high ranking member officer of the [[Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee]] as well as the [[National Security Council of Pakistan|National Security Council]] (NSC), and is responsible for the sea defense of the country.<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/>

#Rear Admiral [[James Wilfred Jefford]] (August 15, 1947 – January 30, 1953)<ref name="PIC Book">Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema. ''The Armed Forces of Pakistan'', New York: New York University Press. 2003. pp. 86~90</ref>
#Vice Admiral [[HMS Choudri|Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri]] (January 31, 1953 – 28 February 1959)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] (March 1, 1959 – October 20, 1966)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] (October 20, 1966 – August 31, 1969)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Muzaffar Hassan]] (September 1, 1969 – December 22, 1971)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Vice Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] (March 3, 1972 – March 9, 1975)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] (March 23, 1975 – March 21, 1979)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]] (March 22, 1979 – March 23, 1983)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]] (March 23, 1983 – April 9, 1986)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] (April 9, 1986 – November 9, 1988)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Yastur-ul-Haq Malik]] (November 10, 1988 – November 8, 1991)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] (November 9, 1991 – November 9, 1994)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#[[Mansurul Haq]] (November 10, 1994 – May 1, 1997)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] (May 2, 1997 – October 2, 1999)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] (October 2, 1999 – October 2, 2002)<ref name="PIC Book"/>
#Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] (October 3, 2002 – October 6, 2005)
#Admiral [[Afzal Tahir]] (October 7, 2005 – October 7, 2008)
#Admiral [[Noman Bashir]] (October 7, 2008–October 7, 2011)
#Admiral [[Muhammad Asif Sandila]] (October 7, 2011–Present)

==Organization==
The Navy is commanded by the 4-star admiral, who is designated as the Chief of Naval Staff. The current and incumbent Chief of Naval Staff is Admiral Muhammad Asif Sandila, who assumed the command in 2011.
The Chief of Naval Staff has five Deputy Chiefs of Naval Staff, ranging from Rear Admirals to Vice-Admirals.<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/> The responsibilities of Deputy Chief of Naval Staff are listed below:

*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Operations (DCNS Operations)<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/>
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Training and Personnel (DCNS Training and Personnel)<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/>
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Materials (DCNS Materials)<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/>
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Naval Supplies (DCNS Supply)<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/>
*Deputy Chief of Naval Staff of Projects (DCNS Projects)<ref name="Pakistan Military Consortium "/>

The Pakistan Navy has six major combatant commands. Each command is commanded by a 3-star Vice Admiral who directly reports to Chief of Naval Staff, a 4-star Admiral. Pakistan Naval Combatant Headquarter, The NHQ, is located in the country's capital, Islamabad:

**'''Commander Karachi (COMKAR)''' – The Commander Karachi is responsible for the command of the shore establishment, naval facilities within Karachi. The COMKAR also provide services and training facilities for the Navy. The COMKAR also looks after the military protocol at Karachi. This command's responsibilities also include harbour defence.
**'''Commander of Pakistan Naval Fleet (COMPAK)''' – The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands. In fact, this command is the war fighting machine having 4 dimensional components. It headquartered in Karachi, Sindh. Previously, it included the 25th and 18th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
**''' Commander COAST (COMCOAST)''' – The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
**'''Commander Logistics (COMLOG)''' – This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
**'''Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
**'''Commander North (COMNOR)''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan. The COMNOR commands the naval facilities in North-west Pakistan, Azad Kashmir, Northern Areas of Pakistan. The COMNOR is also a major part of Pakistan's Northern Naval Command.
**'''Commander WEST (COMWEST )''' – Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]]. The COMWEST is a major component of the Western Naval Command of Pakistan Navy.
**'''Commander Naval Air Arm (COMNAV)''' – Looks after the Naval air stations, and is the commander of the Naval Aviation.

===Ranks===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|-
! colspan="12" style="background:green;"| '''PN Officer Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
![[Admiral]] (4 Star)
![[Vice Admiral]] (3 Star)
![[Rear Admiral]] (2 Star)
![[Commodore]] (1 Star)
![[Captain (naval)|Captain]]
![[Commander]]
![[Lieutenant Commander|Lieutenant Commander]]
![[Lieutenant]]
![[Sub Lieutenant|Sub Lieutenant]]
![[Midshipman]]
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Vice Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Rear Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Lieutenant Commander Pak Navy.png|70px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Sub Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
| style="text-align:center;"|[[File:Midshipman Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="margin:auto; width:100%;"
|-
! colspan="12" style="background:green;"| '''PN Sailor Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Master Chief Petty Officer
!Fleet Chief Petty Officer
!Chief Petty Officer
!Petty Officer
!Leading
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
| style="text-align:center;"|
|}

==Training institutions==
Pakistan Navy has an academy of its own called the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], it is the home of initial training of officers of Pakistan Navy. The academy also has provided basic training to the officers of Allied Navies. The Chief of Naval Staff of [[Qatar Emiri Navy]] and many high ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the PNA. The academy is a full fledged training institution catering to the needs to Pakistani junior Naval officers. The Navy also has its own navy war college called the [[Pakistan Navy War College]]<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm New Page 2] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref> specializing in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan marine forces.

Other worthwhile training institutions are:

*PNS Bahadur: conducts specialist courses.

*PNS Himalaya: for basic training of sailors. HET is a way to be commissioned officer from sailors.

*PNS Karsaz: It is the Largest and the most organized technical training Establishment of Pakistan Navy. The establishment has the privilege to host many heads of states since its commissioning. It is considered the mother unit of PNS MEHRAN, PNS JAUHAR, PNS BAHADUR, ASD and other PN units in that area. The unit celebrated its golden jubilee in 2003 under the command of Cdre M B Chaudhry. PNS KARSAZ also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of Rs 88.00 Millions during 2003–5. Cdre M Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant KARSAZ during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists. Rangoon wala trust contributed the most. In fact PNS KARSAZ is a complete
Naval unit which can operate independently in all spheres.

*[[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|'''Naval Engineering College''']]: for technical training of officers.

Note: The '''Naval Engineering College''' has been absorbed by the [[National University of Sciences and Technology, Pakistan|National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical and Electronics Engineering.

==Special Operation Forces==
[[File:Naval SSG.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG operating in the Gulf of Oman]]

===Special Services Group (N)===
{{Main|Special Service Group Navy}}

The Special Service Group Navy (SSG[N]) is a principle and an elite naval special operations component mandate to conduct clandestine operations. Official numbers place the strength between 1000 to 1240 in 3 Regiments.

===Marines===
{{Main|Pakistan Marines}}

Pakistan Navy established Pakistan Marines sometime in 1971, but it was decommissioned from its services following the aftermath of Indo-Pakistani war of 1971. However, Pakistan Marines was re-established on April 14, 1990 with about 2,000 men<ref>[http://www.marinecorpstimes.com/news/2007/05/marine_pakistan_delegation_070519/ Pakistani Marines tour East Coast bases – Marine Corps News, news from Iraq – Marine Corps Times]</ref> and plans to expand the force to the size of the Corps, significantly by 2015. The Marines are under the control of Pakistan Navy, using the same military ranks. The Marines are currently headquartered at [[Port Qasim|Qasim Marine Base]], Karachi.

==Fleet composition==
[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|right|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG 60) Full.jpg|thumb|PNS Alamghir]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[File:PNSShahjahan.jpg|thumb|PNS Shahjahan]]
[[File:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[File:Naval patrol.JPG|thumb|A Pakistan Navy Hover Craft]]
[[File:Panther-051306-N-9546C-001.jpg||thumb|Z-9EC]]

Ships with respect to their classes:<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website – Frigates] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref><ref name="PakDef - Patrol Craft">[http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/navy/missileboats.html PakDef – Patrol Craft]</ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website – Missile Boats] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>

{{Standard table|0}}
! style="text-align:left;"|Ship
! style="text-align:left;"|Quantity
! style="text-align:left;"|Service entry
! style="text-align:left;"|Comments
|-
! style="align: center; background: lavender;" colspan="4" | [[Frigates]]
|- valign=top
| '''[[F-22P Zulfiquar class frigate|F-22P Zulfiquar class]]''' F-251 PNS Zulfiqar F-252 PNS Shamsheer F-253 PNS Saif F-254 PNS Aslat 
|align=center| '''4'''
| '''2009'''
| PNS Zulfiquar delivered August 2009 PNS Shamsheer delivered December 2009 PNS Saif delivered on 15 Sep 2010 PNS Aslat delivered on 17 Jun 2011
|-
| ''' [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)|PNS Alamgir]] ||align=center| '''1''' || '''2010''' || Acquired in August 2010.<ref>[http://www.brahmand.com/news/Pak-signs-USD-65-million-deal-for-US-frigate/3696/1/10.html Pak signs USD 65 million deal for US frigate – Brahmand.com]{{Dead link|date=June 2011}}</ref>{{Dead link|date=June 2011}}
|-
|style="width:170px"| '''[[Type 21 frigate|Tariq class]]''' F181 [[PNS Tariq]] F182 [[PNS Babur]] F183 [[PNS Khaibar]] F184 [[PNS Badr]] F185 [[PNS Shah Jahan]] F186 [[PNS Tippu Sultan]] ||align=center| '''6''' || '''1990s''' ||
|-
|}

{| class="wikitable" style="width:550px;"
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''Mine Hunters'''
|-
|3||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Eridan class]] Mine Hunter vessels
* [[M164 Mujahid]]
* [[M166 Munsif]]
* [[M167 Muhafiz]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''Missile Boats'''
|-
|2||[[Jalalat II class]]
* [[P1022 PNS Jalalat]]
* [[P1024 PNS Shujat]]
|-
|2||Fast Attack Craft (Indigenous)<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/missileboats.htm : PAKISTAN NAVY :. A Silent Force to Reckon with... [ a 4 dimensional force]] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>
* [[P1023 PNS Jurrat]]
* [[P1028 PNS Quwwat]]
|-
|2||Fast Attack Craft (Chinese)
* PNS Azmat (launched) <ref>[http://www.grandestrategy.com/2011/10/azmat-class-fast-attack-craft-for.html Azmat Class Fast Attack Craft for the Pakistan Navy]</ref>
* PNS ? (underconstruction)
|-
|1||[[Larkana class]]
* [[PNS Larkana]]
|-
|1|| ?
* [[PNS Rajshahi]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''Multi Role Tactical Platform'''
|-
|2|| [[MRTP-33]]
* [[PNS Zarrar]]
* [[PNS Karrar]]
|-
|2|| [[MRTP-15]]
* [[P01 PNS ?]]
* [[P02 PNS ?]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''Auxiliary'''
|-
|1|| [[Fuqing class]]
* [[A47 PNS Nasr]]
|-
|1|| [[Poolster class]]
* [[A20 PNS Moawin]]
|-
|2|| [[Coastal tankers]]
* [[PNS Kalmat]]
* [[PNS Gawadar]]
|-
|1|| [[Hydrographic Survey Vessel]]
* [[PNS Behr Paima]]
|-
|1|| [[Dredging Vessel]]
* [[PNS Behr Khusha]]
|-
|2|| [[Small tanker cum utility ship]] (STUS)
* PNS Madadgar
* PNS Razad-gar
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Training vessel]]'''
|-
|1|| [[Leander class frigate]]
* [[F262 PNS Zulfiqar]]
|-
|1|| Rah Naward
* [[PNS Rah Naward]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Hover Crafts]]'''
|-
|12||[[Griffon class]]
|-
| colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"| '''[[Patrol boats]]'''
|-
|17|| 12 Gulf Crafts and, 5 patrol boats USA delivered as donation on 13 Feb, 2010 at Karachi.<ref>[http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html Gulf Craft boats will guard Pakistan's coast | Gulf Craft Inc | AMEinfo.com]</ref>
|}

===Submarines===
A total of five active diesel electric submarines plus 3 midget submarines, MG110 are in the Naval inventory.<ref name="PN">Anon. (14 April 2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''. {{WebCite|url=http://www.webcitation.org/5hPNTIF3w|date =2009-06-09}}</ref> These include:

{| class="wikitable" style="width:550px;"
|-
submarine<ref>[http://www.janes.com/news/defence/naval/jdw/jdw081202_1_n.shtml Pakistan on verge of selecting HDW submarine]</ref>
|-
|3||[[Agosta 90B class submarine]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* [[PNS/M Khalid]]
* [[PNS/M Saad]]
* [[PNS/M Hamza]]
|-
|2||[[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 70]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* [[PNS/M Hasmat]]
* [[PNS/M Hurmat]]
* A contract has been signed in Jun 2010 with Frech DCN company to upgrade Agosta 70 submarines.
|}
All of the Pakistani SSKs have been equipped with AshMs which can be fired while submerged. The three Khalid class boats are capable of firing Exocet AshM, while the older Agostas and Daphnes have been equipped with US Harpoon AshMs. PNS/M Hamza (third Agosta-90B) is equipped with the MESMA Air Independent Propulsion system, PNS/M Khalid and PNS/M Saad will be upgraded with the same MESMA AIP system in the near future. The Pakistan Navy also plans to integrate the Boeing Harpoon Block II on to its Agosta-90Bs; and currently the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing Blackshark torpedoes.

In mid-2006 the Pakistan Navy announced its requirement of three new SSK attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its fleet – after retiring the four Daphne Class. The French naval firm DCN had offered its latest export design – the Marlin SSK – which is based on the Scorpene SSK, but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine. However, the Pakistan Navy is said to have chosen the [[Type 214]] submarine. During the IDEAS 2008 exhibition, the HDW chief Walter Freitag told “The commercial contract has been finalised up to 95 per cent,” he said. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months.<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French – Paktribune</ref>

Pakistan is also seeking to enhance its strategic strike capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM). The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads. Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.

===Frigates===
[[File:The side of the PNS Zulfiquar.jpg|thumb|]]
[[File:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|PNS Badr (F184) steams alongside [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]] in November of 2005]]

The Navy's eight frigates include six ex-British ''Amazon'' class ([[PNS Babur]]) ships. These are expected to retire between 2010 and 2020. In 2005 Pakistan ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews>[http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> One of the F-22Ps will be built in the Karachi Shipyard. The F-22Ps also have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, it has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The first F-22P is called PNS Zulfiqar, and thus the F-22Ps will be called Zulfiqar Class.
According to Janes the Pakistan Navy is expected to place a formal request to the U.S. for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These may replace the Type-21s and act as stop-gaps until new-built frigates and corvettes are commissioned. The weapons and systems on the PN FFG-7 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with considerable anti-submarine warfare capability was handed over on August 31, 2010. The ship has been named PNS Alamgir (FFG-260) after the great Moughal Emperor [[Alamgir I|Alamgir]]. The ship was transferred to Pakistan at Mayport, Florida, USA. At present the crew is undergoing training and will sail back to Pakistan after essential repairs by BAE Systems Shipyard.<ref name="nation.com.pk">[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/19-Oct-2008/Bush-okays-antisubmarine-frigate-for-Pak Bush okays anti-submarine frigate for Pak]</ref>
According to Janes' IDEAS 2004 interview with former Pakistan Navy Chief ex-Admiral Karimullah at least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy. The new frigate will be larger and superior to the F-22P; it will likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability; and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics.

===Corvettes & missile boats===
The Pakistan Navy operates four Jalalat class 200 ton missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design. In November, 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33 METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref> The first will be delivered in 2008. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.
* Pakistan Navy has ordered Two missile boats of 500 tons equipped with C802/803 anti ship missile from China in December 2010, delivery date is unknown.

===Pakistan Naval Air Defence===
{{Main|Pakistan Naval Air Defence}}

The Pakistan Naval Air Defence is another major command of Pakistan Navy. The members of PNAD are the graduated from the SSG(N) School of Weapon and Technical Engineering. Along with the members of Pakistan Marines, the PNAD members are deployed in all over the country to support the marine operations of Pakistan Navy.

*[[FN-6|FN16 Or HY-6 Shoulder fire Surface to air missile]], tested on 25 December 2010 by Naval Marines with a range of 6 km and altitude ~ 3.5 km)
*[[Mistral (missile)|Mistral Shoulder fire Surface to air missile]], test fired on 25 December 2010 by Naval marines.

===Pakistan Naval Aviation===
{{Main|Pakistan Naval Air Arm}}
[[File:Breguet Atlantique p1040655.jpg|thumb|right|Breguet Atlantique]]
[[File:Lynx 335 HMS Cardiff March 1982.jpg|thumb|right|Westland Lynx]]

Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

Currently the PN Aviation Force consists of:
*3 [[Westland Lynx]] – anti-ship/anti-submarine/transport helicopters
*6 [[Westland Sea King|Westland Sea King Mk45]] – Anti Submarine/ Anti Surface Warfare helicopters<ref>[http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/west_king.php Westland "Sea King" / "Commando" helicopter – development history, photos, technical data] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref> Have been based at Karachi.
*8 [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]] – transport/anti-ship helicopters<ref>[http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/asiapac/pakistan.htm World Navies Today: Pakistan]</ref>
*7 [[Lockheed P-3|Lockheed P-3C Orion]] – maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft/airborne early warning. Future supply of 7 more under an agreement with Lockheed Martin signed in 2006.<ref>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2005/pakistan-050831-irna02.htm Pakistan acquires 8 US-made P-3C Orion aircraft]</ref> Two upgraded P-3C Orion delivered on 7th Jan 2010 while one was delivered in Nov 2009. Another two advanced P-3C Orion aircraft to be delivered soon .<ref>[http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/south-asia/us-to-provide-pak-two-advanced-p-3c-orion-naval-surveillance-aircrafts_100356210.html US to provide Pakistan two advanced P-3C Orion naval surveillance aircraft]</ref>
*7 [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200 Friendship]] – maritime surveillance aircraft<ref name=globalsecurity>[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Pakistan Navy] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>
*4 [[Hawker 800|Hawker 850]] – VIP transport aircraft
*2 [[Breguet Atlantique|Breguet Atlantique I]] – maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft.<ref name=globalsecurity/>
*32+ [[Dassault Mirage V]] – anti-ship attack aircraft flown by PAF which are based at PAF base Masroor in Karachi<ref name=globalsecurity/> (operated by the Pakistan Air Force)
*Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
*12 [[Harbin Z-9|Harbin Z-9EC]] anti-submarine warfare helicopters equipped with a surface-search radar, low frequency dipping sonar, radar warning receiver, Doppler navigation system and armed with torpedoes.

====Others====
'''X-CRAFT:'''<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/x-crafts.htm : PAKISTAN NAVY :. A Silent Force to Reckon with... [ a 4 dimensional force]] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>

X-Craft 908 P/A as Shallow Water Attack Submarine (SWAS) is used to carryout mine laying torpedo attack, frogman operations and commando landing. The contract of these mini submarines was signed with Italian firm M/s COSMOS in 1986. First of these craft was brought to Pakistan in semi knock down condition in 1988. Subsequently all X-Craft were assembled in Pakistan with TOT. Presently, X-Craft are being operated under COMSUBS along with other conventional submarines.

==PN Role in War on Terror==
[[File:071125-N-6794Z-004.jpg|thumb|A member of Pakistan Navy Special Service Group is silhouetted by the setting sun aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur (D 182) while under way in the Arabian Sea November 25, 2007.]]

The Pakistani Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[Combined Task Force 150]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html (Pakistan's Role on the War on Terror] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from March 24, 2006 till February 25, 2008. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan] {{dead link|date=May 2011}}</ref>

===Terrorist bombings===
Recently, the Pakistan Navy has been the targeted for bombings in various locations of Karachi by unknown perpetrators. The first of the bombings took place on 21 April 2011 on two naval buses and second attack happened on 28 April 2011 on a naval coaster. An estimated 12 lives have been lost since the start of the bombing.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/NewsDetail.aspx?ID=14800|title=Blast hits Pakistan Navy bus, third in a week|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=19 May 2011}}</ref> A third bombing took place on May 22, 2011. The attack was on the PNS Mehran base in Karachi.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.thenews.com.pk/TodaysPrintDetail.aspx?ID=6183&Cat=13&dt=5/23/2011|title=A joint attack by al-Qaeda, TTP|work=[[The News International]]|publisher=[[Jang Group of Newspapers]]|accessdate=22 May 2011}}</ref>

==See also==
{{Portal box|Pakistan|Military of Pakistan}}
*[[Pakistan Coast Guard]]
*[[Pakistan Naval Academy]] part of [[Bahria University]]
*[[Pakistan Navy War College]]
*[[Kalmat Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Ahsan|Ahsan Naval Base]]
*[[Jinnah Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Makran|Makran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Mehran|Mehran Naval Base]]
*[[PNS Qasim|Qasim Naval Base]]

==References==
;Citations
{{Reflist|2}}
;Internet
{{Refbegin}}
*{{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947–2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | accessdate=June 22, 2005}}
{{Refend}}

==External links==
*{{Official website|http://www.paknavy.gov.pk}}

{{Pakistani Armed Forces}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy]]

[[ms:Tentera Laut Pakistan]]
[[pnb:پاکستان نیوی]]
[[pt:Marinha do Paquistão]]
[[ru:Военно-морские силы Пакистана]]
[[simple:Pakistan Navy]]
[[ur:پاک بحریہ]]

Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Pakistan Navy