Wikipedia - Benutzerbeiträge [de]

Ampleforth College

2018-04-07T10:58:16Z

Springnuts: /* Sexual abuse */ rewrite to take account of later developments in subsequent para

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size = 200px
| coordinates = {{coord|54.201770|-1.083910|type:edu_region:GB_dim:100|format=dec|display=inline,title}}
| motto = {{lang|fr|Dieu le ward}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = Wulstan Peterburs (Acting)
| chair_label =
| chair = Cuthbert Madden
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = England
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk}}

'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission|title=Our Mission |publisher=Ampleforth College|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
[[File:Catholic Public School- Everyday Life at Ampleforth College, York, England, UK, 1943 D17351.jpg|thumbnail|left|Pupils work in the library at Ampleforth in 1943]]

The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 |title=History of the Ampleforth Community| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811015655/http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 |archivedate=11 August 2011|accessdate=13 May 2012 }}</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900. Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but could not be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating were installed.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history |title=Theatre – A brief history|accessdate=13 May 2012|publisher=Ampleforth College}}</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

In 2002, girls were admitted for the first time when the [[sixth form]] became coeducational. The first girls' boarding house, St Margaret's, was opened in 2004.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/pastoral/girls-houses/st-margarets |title=Girls' Houses – St Margaret's|publisher=Ampleforth College|accessdate=1 December 2012}}</ref> Coeducation was extended to the Year 9 intake for the 2010–11 academic year and the college is now fully coeducational.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ampleforth College to admit Year 10 girls |url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/ryedale/4818554.Ampleforth_College_to_admit_Year_9_girls |archive-url=https://archive.is/20130806235521/http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/ryedale/4818554.Ampleforth_College_to_admit_Year_9_girls |dead-url=yes |archive-date=6 August 2013 |work=[[York Press]] |date=23 December 2009 |accessdate=1 December 2012 }}</ref>

Since the [[Catholic emancipation]], Ampleforth gained a reputation as one of several schools, alongside [[The Oratory School]] and [[Stonyhurst College|Stonyhurst]], popular within the Catholic aristocracy and labelled the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]".<ref>{{cite news|title=Is this why Downton's creator is obsessed by class? Julian Fellowes' ancestors were not masters but SERVANTS on the estate that inspired the Abbey|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2066381/Downton-Abbey-Creator-Julian-Fellowes-ancestors-masters-SERVANTS.html|work=[[The Daily Mail]]|date=26 November 2011|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|title=Have posh Catholics had their day?|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/issues/july-3rd-2015/have-posh-catholics-had-their-day/|work=[[The Catholic Herald]]|date=2 July 2015|accessdate=4 February 2016}}</ref>

=== College Tramway ===

In 1895, the [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]] built a {{convert|3|foot|metre}} gauge tramway from [[Gilling railway station|Gilling]] station on the [[Thirsk and Malton Line|Thirsk to Malton Line]]. The tramway was horse drawn and provided coal for the college to produce gas. It also transported passengers in open wagons. The tramway closed in 1923 when the college changed to electric lighting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gilling Railway Station|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/g/gilling/index.shtml|website=Disused Stations|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|450px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
The school says that its primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster|title=An Introduction from the Headmaster|publisher=Ampleforth College|accessdate=15 February 2011}}{{Dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=April 2018}}</ref>{{Dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=April 2018}} within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further|title=School Development Plan Explored Further|publisher=Ampleforth College|accessdate=15 February 2011}}{{Dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=April 2018}}</ref>{{Dead link|fix-attempted=yes|date=April 2018}}

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York |publisher=The Good School Guide |accessdate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230513/http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |archivedate=18 February 2011 }}</ref>

Its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other [[Public school (UK)|English public schools]]. The school is typically between 150 – 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge. <ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 |publisher=Ampleforth College |title= School Development Plan 2006–2007 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301230619/http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 |archivedate=1 March 2008 |accessdate=18 February 2008}}</ref> More than 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/1134333/urn/SC007916.pdf|title=Ampleforth College Inspection report for boarding school|work=Ofsted|date=23 January 2009|accessdate=18 October 2016}}</ref>

[[File:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Houses==
[[File:Catholic Public School- Everyday Life at Ampleforth College, York, England, UK, 1943 D17367.jpg|thumbnail|right|Boys buy sweets from the tuck shop at Ampleforth in 1943]]
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with pupils living in separate house buildings, eating together as a house for lunch 6 days a week, and playing sport in inter-house competitions. Each house is named after a British saint. Boys houses are [[St Cuthbert]]'s, [[St Dunstan]]'s, [[Edward the Confessor|St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (originally two separate houses), [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s, [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s, [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s, and [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]'s, and girls, [[St Aidan]]'s, [[St Bede]]'s and [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s.

Some houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history. Hume House building, named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]], combines St Cuthbert and St Edward-Wilfrid houses. Nevill House building combines St Dunstan and St Oswald houses. Bolton House building was formerly St Edward and St Wilfrid houses before their merger in 2001. Fairfax House building combines St Margaret and St Hugh houses.

==Criticism==
===Fee-fixing===
{{Main|Independent school fee fixing scandal}}
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 (£30,000 for foreign students) and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 |publisher=The Office of Fair Trading |title=OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement |accessdate=23 May 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20140402142426/http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 |archivedate=2 April 2014 }}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece|location=London|work=The Times|first=Tony|last=Halpin|title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees|date=10 November 2005|accessdate=23 May 2008}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html|title=Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=1 March 2004|accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident.<ref name="Sexual abuse"/> The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal."<ref name="Sexual abuse">{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp |title=Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume|work=The Yorkshire Post|date= 18 November 2005|accessdate=22 December 2007}} </ref> Following the case the Abbot, the Right Reverend Cuthbert Madden, offered a "heartfelt apology" to the victims of one member of staff.<ref>{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/18/publicschools.topstories3|title=Silence and secrecy at school where child sex abuse went on for decades|first=Ian|last=Cobain|date=18 November 2005|work=The Guardian|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref>

The College thereafter put in place a safeguarding policy, subsequently judged inadequate (see below), but which was said to follow the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.ampleforth.org.uk/|title=Ampleforth Abbey & College|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2017}}</ref> In accordance with this policy, in 2016 Fr Madden temporarily stepped down from his role of Chairman of Governors during the investigation of indecent assault allegations made by four former pupils.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/ampleforth-college-abbot-steps-aside-as-police-probe-historical-abuse-claims-1-8100839|title=Ampleforth College abbot steps aside as police probe historical abuse claims|work=The Yorkshire Post|date=1 September 2016|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3768520/Abbot-Ampleforth-senior-figure-Britain-s-leading-Catholic-public-school-investigated-sex-offences-against-boys.html|title=Abbot of Ampleforth faces sex offences probe|website=The Daily Mail Online|author= Alex Matthews|date=1 September 2016|accessdate=15 November 2016}}</ref> Based on the evidence available no further action was taken.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-york-north-yorkshire-37878580 |title=Ampleforth College: 'No action' over abuse allegation|website=BBC News|date=4 November 2016|author= |accessdate= 4 April 2018}}</ref>

In April 2018 the Charity Commission appointed a lawyer to take charge of safeguarding at Ampleforth College, as it was not satisfied that the trustees of the charities that run the college had made enough progress in improving pupil safeguarding. Harvey Grenville, leader of investigation and enforcement for the Charity Commission, said, “It is of paramount importance that beneficiaries, and others who come into contact with charities, are protected from harm. We are not satisfied that the trustees of these charities have made enough progress in improving the safeguarding environment for pupils in the schools connected to the charities. For this reason, we have appointed an interim manager to expedite changes in the safeguarding arrangements at the schools.”<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.theguardian.com/education/2018/apr/04/top-catholic-school-stripped-of-pupil-welfare-responsibilities |title=Top Catholic school stripped of pupil welfare responsibilities |newspaper=The Guardian |date=4 April 2018 |author= Harriet Sherwood |accessdate= 4 April 2018}}</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{main article|List of Ampleforth College Alumni}}

The school has educated many notable figures such as [[Rupert Everett]], [[David Stirling]], [[Lord Fellowes of West Stafford]], [[Sir Antony Gormley]], [[James O'Brien (broadcaster)|James O'Brien]] and actor [[James Norton (actor)|James Norton]], as well as the historians [[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] and [[John Keay]], among others.<ref>{{cite news|last1=Sweney|first1=Mark|title=James Norton: TV producers also typecast against posh actors|url=https://www.theguardian.com/media/2016/feb/02/james-norton-tv-producers-also-typecast-against-posh-actors|accessdate=5 July 2017|work=[[The Guardian]]|date=1 February 2016}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.tatler.com/guides/schools-guide/2016/public/ampleforth|title=Ampleforth|publisher=|accessdate=24 March 2017}}</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
{{Commons category|Ampleforth College}}
* Ampleforth College official site [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/college www.ampleforth.org.uk/college]
* [http://www.isc.co.uk/schools/england/yorkshire-area-north/york/ampleforth-college/ Profile] at the [[Independent Schools Council]] website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230513/http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile] at ''[[The Good Schools Guide]]''
* [https://www.oasonline.org.uk OAs Online] — alumni website

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}
{{Schools in North Yorkshire}}

{{authority control}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in England]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]

Ampleforth College

2016-11-15T17:56:48Z

Springnuts: /* Sexual abuse */ sourced material demonstrating good practice.

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size = 200px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = Wulstan Peterburs (Acting)
| chair_label =
| chair = Cuthbert Madden
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = England
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk}}

'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission|title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
[[File:Catholic Public School- Everyday Life at Ampleforth College, York, England, UK, 1943 D17351.jpg|thumbnail|left|Pupils work in the library at Ampleforth in 1943]]

The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110811015655/http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 |date=11 August 2011 }}</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900. Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but could not be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating were installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre – A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

In 2002, girls were admitted for the first time when the [[sixth form]] became coeducational. The first girls' boarding house, St Margaret's, was opened in 2004.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/pastoral/girls-houses/st-margarets Girls' Houses – St Margaret's]</ref> Coeducation was extended to the Year 9 intake for the 2010–11 academic year and the college is now fully coeducational.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ampleforth College to admit Year 10 girls|url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/ryedale/4818554.Ampleforth_College_to_admit_Year_9_girls|publisher=[[York Press]]|date=23 December 2009}}</ref>

Since the [[Catholic emancipation]], Ampleforth gained a reputation as one of several schools, alongside [[The Oratory School]] and [[Stonyhurst College|Stonyhurst]], popular with the Catholic aristocracy and labeled the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]".<ref>{{citenews|title=Is this why Downton's creator is obsessed by class? Julian Fellowes' ancestors were not masters but SERVANTS on the estate that inspired the Abbey|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2066381/Downton-Abbey-Creator-Julian-Fellowes-ancestors-masters-SERVANTS.html|work=[[The Daily Mail]]|date=26 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citenews|title=Have posh Catholics had their day?|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/issues/july-3rd-2015/have-posh-catholics-had-their-day/|work=[[The Catholic Herald]]|date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

=== College Tramway ===

In 1895, the [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]] built a {{convert|3|foot|metre}} gauge tramway from [[Gilling railway station|Gilling]] station on the [[Thirsk and Malton Line|Thirsk to Malton Line]]. The tramway was horse drawn and provided coal for the college to produce gas. It also transported passengers in open wagons. The tramway closed in 1923 when the college changed to electric lighting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gilling Railway Station|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/g/gilling/index.shtml|website=Disused Stations|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|450px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster|title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster|publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further|title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further|publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York – The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |accessdate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230513/http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk:80/school/ampleforth-college.html |archivedate=18 February 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 – 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College – School Development Plan 2006–2007] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080301230619/http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 |date=1 March 2008 }}</ref> More than 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/1134333/urn/SC007916.pdf|title=Ampleforth College Inspection report for boarding school|work=ofsted|date=23 January 2009|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Houses==
[[File:Catholic Public School- Everyday Life at Ampleforth College, York, England, UK, 1943 D17367.jpg|thumbnail|right|Boys buy sweets from the tuck shop at Ampleforth in 1943]]
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with pupils living in separate house buildings, eating together as a house for lunch 6 days a week, and playing sport in inter-house competitions. Each house is named after a British saint. Boys houses are [[St Cuthbert]]'s, [[St Dunstan]]'s, [[Edward the Confessor|St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (originally two separate houses), [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s, [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s, [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s, and [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]'s, and girls, [[St Aidan]]'s, [[St Bede]]'s and [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s.

Some houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history. Hume House building, named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]], combines St Cuthbert and St Edward-Wilfrid houses. Nevill House building combines St Dunstan and St Oswald houses. Bolton House building was formerly St Edward and St Wilfrid houses before their merger in 2001. Fairfax House building combines St Margaret and St Hugh houses.

==Controversies==
===Fee-fixing===
{{Main|Independent school fee fixing scandal}}
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 (£30,000 for foreign students) and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece|location=London|work=The Times|first=Tony|last=Halpin|title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees|date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html|title=Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=1 March 2004|accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident.<ref name="Sexual abuse"/> The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal."<ref name="Sexual abuse">[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005. </ref> Following the case the Abbot, the Right Reverend Cuthbert Madden, offered a "heartfelt apology" to the victims of one member of staff.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/18/publicschools.topstories3</ref>

The College has since put in place a safeguarding policy which follows the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=139 Ampleforth College: Child Protection Policy – Independent Day and Boarding School for Boys and Girls]</ref> Thus in 2016 Fr Madden temporarily stepped down from his role of Chairman of Governors during the investigation of indecent assault allegations made by four former pupils. The allegations were not proven and no charges were brought.<ref>The Times, 5 Nov 2016</ref><ref>http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/ampleforth-college-abbot-steps-aside-as-police-probe-historical-abuse-claims-1-8100839</ref><ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3768520/Abbot-Ampleforth-senior-figure-Britain-s-leading-Catholic-public-school-investigated-sex-offences-against-boys.html</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{main article|List of Ampleforth College Alumni}}

The school has educated many notable figures such as [[Rupert Everett]], [[Lord Fellowes of West Stafford]] [[Sir Antony Gormley]] and actor James Norton amongst others.<ref>[http://www.tatler.com/guides/schools-guide/2016/public/ampleforth]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.isc.co.uk/schools/england/yorkshire-area-north/york/ampleforth-college/ Profile] at the [[Independent Schools Council]] website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230513/http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk:80/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile] at ''[[The Good Schools Guide]]''
* [https://www.oasonline.org.uk OAs Online] — alumni website

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}
{{Schools in North Yorkshire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in England]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]

Ampleforth College

2016-11-10T23:14:02Z

Springnuts: /* Sexual abuse */ Investigation dropped

{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2013}}
{{Use British English|date=August 2013}}
{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size = 200px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = Wulstan Peterburs (Acting)
| chair_label =
| chair = Cuthbert Madden
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = England
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk}}

'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission|title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
[[File:Catholic Public School- Everyday Life at Ampleforth College, York, England, UK, 1943 D17351.jpg|thumbnail|left|Pupils work in the library at Ampleforth in 1943]]

The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community] {{wayback|url=http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 |date=20110811015655 |df=y }}</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900. Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but could not be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating were installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre – A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

In 2002, girls were admitted for the first time when the [[sixth form]] became coeducational. The first girls' boarding house, St Margaret's, was opened in 2004.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/pastoral/girls-houses/st-margarets Girls' Houses – St Margaret's]</ref> Coeducation was extended to the Year 9 intake for the 2010–11 academic year and the college is now fully coeducational.<ref>{{cite news|title=Ampleforth College to admit Year 10 girls|url=http://www.yorkpress.co.uk/news/ryedale/4818554.Ampleforth_College_to_admit_Year_9_girls|publisher=[[York Press]]|date=23 December 2009}}</ref>

Since the [[Catholic emancipation]], Ampleforth gained a reputation as one of several schools, alongside [[The Oratory School]] and [[Stonyhurst College|Stonyhurst]], popular with the Catholic aristocracy and labeled the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]".<ref>{{citenews|title=Is this why Downton's creator is obsessed by class? Julian Fellowes' ancestors were not masters but SERVANTS on the estate that inspired the Abbey|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/femail/article-2066381/Downton-Abbey-Creator-Julian-Fellowes-ancestors-masters-SERVANTS.html|work=[[The Daily Mail]]|date=26 November 2011}}</ref><ref>{{citenews|title=Have posh Catholics had their day?|url=http://www.catholicherald.co.uk/issues/july-3rd-2015/have-posh-catholics-had-their-day/|work=[[The Catholic Herald]]|date=2 July 2015}}</ref>

=== College Tramway ===

In 1895, the [[North Eastern Railway (United Kingdom)|North Eastern Railway]] built a {{convert|3|foot|metre}} gauge tramway from [[Gilling railway station|Gilling]] station on the [[Thirsk and Malton Line|Thirsk to Malton Line]]. The tramway was horse drawn and provided coal for the college to produce gas. It also transported passengers in open wagons. The tramway closed in 1923 when the college changed to electric lighting.<ref>{{cite web|title=Gilling Railway Station|url=http://www.disused-stations.org.uk/g/gilling/index.shtml|website=Disused Stations|accessdate=7 November 2015}}</ref>

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster|title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster|publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further|title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further|publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk|accessdate=15 February 2011}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York – The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |accessdate=15 February 2011 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230513/http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk:80/school/ampleforth-college.html |archivedate=18 February 2011 |df=dmy }}</ref>

Its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 – 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College – School Development Plan 2006–2007] {{wayback|url=http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 |date=20080301230619 |df=y }}</ref> More than 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://reports.ofsted.gov.uk/provider/files/1134333/urn/SC007916.pdf|title=Ampleforth College Inspection report for boarding school|work=ofsted|date=23 January 2009|access-date=18 October 2016}}</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Houses==
[[File:Catholic Public School- Everyday Life at Ampleforth College, York, England, UK, 1943 D17367.jpg|thumbnail|right|Boys buy sweets from the tuck shop at Ampleforth in 1943]]
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with pupils living in separate house buildings, eating together as a house for lunch 6 days a week, and playing sport in inter-house competitions. Each house is named after a British saint. Boys houses are [[St Cuthbert]]'s, [[St Dunstan]]'s, [[Edward the Confessor|St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (originally two separate houses), [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s, [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s, [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s, and [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]'s, and girls, [[St Aidan]]'s, [[St Bede]]'s and [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s.

Some houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history. Hume House building, named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]], combines St Cuthbert and St Edward-Wilfrid houses. Nevill House building combines St Dunstan and St Oswald houses. Bolton House building was formerly St Edward and St Wilfrid houses before their merger in 2001. Fairfax House building combines St Margaret and St Hugh houses.

==Controversies==
===Fee-fixing===
{{Main|Independent school fee fixing scandal}}
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 (£30,000 for foreign students) and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece|location=London|work=The Times|first=Tony|last=Halpin|title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees|date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed.<ref>{{cite news|url=http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html|title=Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry|newspaper=The Daily Telegraph|location=London|date=1 March 2004|accessdate=15 March 2011}}</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident.<ref name="Sexual abuse"/> The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal."<ref name="Sexual abuse">[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005. </ref>

The College has since put in place a safeguarding policy which follows the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=139 Ampleforth College: Child Protection Policy – Independent Day and Boarding School for Boys and Girls]</ref>

In 2016 police dropped an investigation into indecent assault allegations involving the Right Reverend Cuthbert Madden; Chairman of Governors at the school; after four former pupils made allegations.<ref>The Times, 5 Nov 2016</ref> Fr Madden, who is also the Abbot of Ampleforth, had stepped down from his role whilst the investigation was undertaken.<ref>http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/ampleforth-college-abbot-steps-aside-as-police-probe-historical-abuse-claims-1-8100839</ref><ref>http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-3768520/Abbot-Ampleforth-senior-figure-Britain-s-leading-Catholic-public-school-investigated-sex-offences-against-boys.html</ref> In 2005 Fr Madden offered a "heartfelt apology" to the victims of one member of staff.<ref>https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2005/nov/18/publicschools.topstories3</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{main article|List of Ampleforth College Alumni}}

The school has educated many notable figures such as [[Rupert Everett]], [[Lord Fellowes of West Stafford]] [[Sir Antony Gormley]] and actor James Norton amongst others.<ref>[http://www.tatler.com/guides/schools-guide/2016/public/ampleforth]</ref>

==References==
{{reflist|33em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.isc.co.uk/schools/england/yorkshire-area-north/york/ampleforth-college/ Profile] at the [[Independent Schools Council]] website
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110218230513/http://www.goodschoolsguide.co.uk:80/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile] at ''[[The Good Schools Guide]]''
* [https://www.oasonline.org.uk OAs Online] — alumni website

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}
{{Schools in North Yorkshire}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in England]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]

Henry Wellesley, 6. Duke of Wellington

2013-04-17T20:57:41Z

Springnuts: add details of death and source

{{refimprove|date=January 2009}}
{{Infobox Peer
|name= The Duke of Wellington
|title=
|tenure=11 December 1941 – 16 September 1943
|birth_date={{birth date|1912|7|14|df=y}}
|death_date={{death date and age|1943|9|16|1912|7|14|df=y}}
|parents=[[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]] Lilian Coats
}}
'''Henry Valerian George Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington''' (14 July 1912 – 16 September 1943), styled '''Earl of Mornington''' between 1912 and 1934 and '''Marquess of Douro''' between 1934 and 1941, was a British peer.

Wellington was the son of [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington]] <ref>[http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definitions/Duke+of+Wellington?cx=partner-pub-0939450753529744%3Av0qd01-tdlq&cof=FORID%3A9&ie=UTF-8&q=Duke+of+Wellington&sa=Search#893 Websters (years of birth and death)] retrieved 6th December 2010] </ref>and the Hon. Lilian Maud Glean Coats, daughter of Lord Glentaner. His career in the military began with the rank of 2nd Lieutenant in 1935 in the [[Duke of Wellington's Regiment (West Riding)]].

He died, aged 31, on 16 September 1943 from wounds received in action while leading a group of [[Commando]]s. He is buried in the British Salerno War Cemetery, Bivio Pratole in the province of [[Salerno]], Italy. At the time of his death he was a Captain in command of a Troop in [[No. 2 Commando]], commanded by Lieutenant Colonel 'Mad' [[Jack Churchill]].

Both No 2 and No 41 Commando [[Royal Marines]] were engaged at the [[Operation Avalanche (World War II)#Salerno landings|Salerno landings]]. They switched from their initial battle area around Vietri sul Mare, west of Salerno, to a position two to three miles inland of [[Mercatello]], then south east of Salerno. The Germans held and were strengthening three high-ground positions. During the daytime of 16 September, No 2 Commando moved back though a valley around the village of Piegolelle dubbed 'Pigoletti', which had been cleared the night before, intending to capture a hill at the far end referred to as 'Pimple Hill'. However, in the early hours the Germans had sent light forces back into the valley and also strengthened 'Pimple Hill'. On assaulting the hill two troops of commandos were exposed to well-positioned machine-gun fire. The Duke was among the fatalities: leading a charge against a machine-gun post he was hit by a sustained burst of [[Maschinengewehr 08|Spandau]] fire. His helmet was holed in three or four places. He was buried close to the place where he was killed.<ref>Wallis, Canon John, With God's Blessing and a Green Beret, 1994, Firebird Books, Poole; p48</ref>

As he died without issue, and was the only son of his father, he was succeeded in the [[Peerage of the United Kingdom|peerage]] by his uncle, [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Lord Gerald Wellesley]]. His sister [[Anne Rhys, 7th Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo|Anne]] succeeded him as 7th [[Duchess of Ciudad Rodrigo]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
*{{Hansard-contribs | mr-henry-wellesley-3 | the Duke of Wellington }}
*[http://www.dwr.org.uk/ Duke of Wellington's Regiment - West Riding]

{{start box}}
{{s-reg|uk}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Wellington (title)|Duke of Wellington]]
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| after = [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Gerald Wellesley]]
| years = 1941–1943 }}
{{s-reg|ie}}
{{s-bef
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]}}
{{s-ttl
| title = [[Earl of Mornington]]
| years = 1941–1943}}
{{s-aft
| after = [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Gerald Wellesley]]}}
{{s-reg|nl}}
{{succession box
| after = [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Gerald Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| title = [[Prince of Waterloo]]
| years = 1941–1943}}
{{s-reg|es}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duke of Ciudad Rodrigo]]
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| after = [[Lady Anne Rhys|Anne Rhys]]
| years = 1941–1943}}
{{s-reg|pt}}
{{succession box
| title = [[Duque da Vitória|Duke of the Victory]]
| after = [[Gerald Wellesley, 7th Duke of Wellington|Gerald Wellesley]]
| before = [[Arthur Wellesley, 5th Duke of Wellington|Arthur Wellesley]]
| years = 1941–1943}}
{{end box}}

{{Dukes of Wellington}}

{{Persondata 
| NAME =Wellington, Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
| SHORT DESCRIPTION = Duke of Wellington
| DATE OF BIRTH =14 July 1912
| PLACE OF BIRTH =
| DATE OF DEATH =16 September 1943
| PLACE OF DEATH =
}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Wellington, Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke}}
[[Category:1912 births]]
[[Category:1943 deaths]]
[[Category:Wellesley family|Henry Wellesley, 6th Duke of Wellington]]
[[Category:Dukes of Ciudad Rodrigo]]
[[Category:Dukes of Wellington|106]]
[[Category:Dukes da Vitória]]
[[Category:Princes of Waterloo]]
[[Category:Dutch nobility|Wellesley, Henry 6]]
[[Category:Duke of Wellington's Regiment officers]]
[[Category:British Army personnel of World War II]]
[[Category:British military personnel killed in World War II]]
[[Category:British Army Commandos officers]]

Ampleforth College

2012-11-19T07:52:21Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 523720728 by Genuine918 (talk) - rv unexplained removal of apparently appropriate cat

{{multiple issues|
{{COI|date=August 2012}}
{{POV|date=August 2012}}
{{disputed|date=August 2012}}
{{ref improve|date=August 2012}}
}}
{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Matthew Fogg
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College, both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty boys' and girls' sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Controversies==
===Fee-fixing===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed.<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

Ampleforth College has since put in place a safeguarding policy which follows the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=139 Ampleforth College: Child Protection Policy - Independent Day and Boarding School for Boys and Girls]</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[Abdur Raheem Green]] (born 1962), convert to [[Islam]] and founder of the [[iERA]]<ref>http://www.islamevents.com/speakers/speaker_detail.php?spid=10</ref>
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (1930–2012), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms, herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), Pioneering officer of the British Army's [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-08-26T18:25:45Z

Springnuts: Undo unexplained IP revert of previous edit.

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Controversies==
===Fee-fixing===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

Ampleforth College has since put in place a safeguarding policy which follows the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=139 Ampleforth College: Child Protection Policy - Independent Day and Boarding School for Boys and Girls]</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-08-26T09:06:49Z

Springnuts: rv POV edits and unexplained deletion of referenced information

Ampleforth College

2012-08-24T12:54:30Z

Springnuts: /* Recent developments */ better heading - not necessarily that recent

Ampleforth College

2012-08-24T12:53:38Z

Springnuts: /* Press coverage */ better heading

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Recent developments==
===Fee-fixing===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

Ampleforth College has since put in place a safeguarding policy which follows the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=139 Ampleforth College: Child Protection Policy - Independent Day and Boarding School for Boys and Girls]</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-08-24T12:47:20Z

Springnuts: /* Sexual abuse */ more balanced paragraph, incorporating new material on safeguarding

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 13
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Recent developments==
===Press coverage===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}

Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

Ampleforth College has since put in place a safeguarding policy which follows the local inter-agency procedures of the North Yorkshire Safeguarding Children Board and the guidance given in the Education (Independent School Standards) (England) Regulations 2010 and the National Minimum Standards for Boarding Schools.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/resource.aspx?id=139 Ampleforth College: Child Protection Policy - Independent Day and Boarding School for Boys and Girls]</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-08-22T22:48:49Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 508454260 by Francish7 (talk). Took a wiki-puse - still nto convinced we need to lose this

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 12
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Recent developments==
===Press coverage===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-08-21T12:34:13Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 508427685 by Francish7 (talk). Hardly dominating!

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 12
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Recent developments==
===Press coverage===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-08-21T01:39:11Z

Springnuts: /* Sexual abuse */ rv sourced information.

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Coat of Arms of Ampleforth College.svg
| size =
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[Anglo-Norman language|Anglo-Norman]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school (UK)|Independent]] day and boarding
| religion = [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]] ([[Benedictine]])
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Fr Gabriel Everitt [[Order of Saint Benedict|OSB]]
| chair_label =
| chair = Abbot Cuthbert Madden OSB
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| LEA = North Yorkshire
| dfeno = 815/6006
| urn = 121735
| staff =
| enrollment = 609~
| gender = [[Mixed-sex education|Coeducational]]
| lower_age = 12
| upper_age = 18
| colours ={{color box|#000000}} {{color box|#800000}} Black and Red
| free_label_1 = Former pupils
| free_1 = Old Amplefordians
| free_label_2 = Affiliated school
| free_2 = [[St Martin's Ampleforth]]
| free_label_3 = Diocese
| free_3 = [[Roman Catholic Diocese of Middlesbrough|Middlesbrough]]
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
| website_name = www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a coeducational [[Independent school (UK)|independent]] day and boarding school in the village of [[Ampleforth]], [[North Yorkshire]], England. It opened in 1802 as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

Its affiliated [[Preparatory school (UK)|preparatory school]], [[St Martin's Ampleforth]], is located across the valley at [[Gilling Castle]].

==History==
The college began as a small school for 70 boys founded by [[Benedictine]] monks, at [[Ampleforth Abbey]], in 1802.<ref>[http://abbey.ampleforth.org.uk/index.php?id=1184 History of the Ampleforth Community]</ref> The school formally constituted as a Roman Catholic boarding school in 1900.

Various buildings were slowly added, including the school theatre which was built in 1909. The first performances took place in 1910, and in 1922 a cinema projector was acquired, but couldn’t be used until the following year when electric lighting and central heating was installed.<ref>[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/activities/theatre/a-brief-history Theatre - A brief history]</ref>

The first boarding houses were founded in 1926 to accommodate the growing pupil numbers. In 1929, the Abbey gained ownership of [[Gilling Castle]] and opened a preparatory school. Gilling Castle Prep merged with the college's junior school in 1992 before taking on its current name [[St Martin's Ampleforth]] after absorbing another nearby prep school.

==Education==
[[File:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy is not as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|280px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''[[Schola Cantorum]]'', which sings at [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in High Mass each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[Oswald of Worcester|St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

==Recent developments==
===Press coverage===
In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director Dan Barraclough highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

===Sexual abuse===
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The ''[[Yorkshire Post]]'' reported in 2005: "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{See also|Category:People educated at Ampleforth College}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor
*[[Lu Edmonds]] (born 1957) musician ([[Public Image Ltd.]], [[The Damned]], [[The Mekons]], [[The Spizzles]], [[The Waterboys]], among others)
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ Old Amplefordsians]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic independent schools in the Diocese of Middlesbrough]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-04-13T14:28:50Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 487043671 by 86.169.44.162 (talk) - not convinced the new version is better.

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| urn = 121735
| enrollment = 609
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], England, is the largest Roman Catholic co-educational boarding independent school in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>Ampleforth College currently has 609 pupils, 84 more the next largest, [[Worth Abbey]], which stands at 525 [http://www.isc.co.uk/school_AmpleforthCollege_York.htm]</ref> It opened in 1802, as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is Father Gabriel Everitt OSB.

==Situation==
The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==
The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey and College - geograph.org.uk - 139902.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth Abbey and College.]]

==Sexual abuse==
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}
[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==
The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]], [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Lancing College|Lancing]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]], [[Winchester College|Winchester]] and [[Worth School|Worth]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted). She wrote to John Vickers, the OFT director-general, saying, "They are not a group of businessmen meeting behind closed doors to fix the price of their products to the disadvantage of the consumer. They are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==
In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
Need a source for this term.
{{Alumni|date=February 2011}}

===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915–2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927–2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]
*Lieutenant-Colonel Sir [[John Johnston]], [[GCVO]], [[Military Cross|MC]], Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's office

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913–2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:People educated at Ampleforth College| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2012-01-03T18:19:48Z

Springnuts: Reverted edits by 85.51.1.57 (talk) to last version by Cazimir

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in North Yorkshire, England, is the largest Roman Catholic co-educational boarding independent school in the [[United Kingdom]].<ref>Ampleforth College currently has 609 pupils, 84 more the next largest, [[Worth Abbey]], which stands at 525 [http://www.isc.co.uk/school_AmpleforthCollege_York.htm] </ref> It opened in 1802, as a boys' school, and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is Father Gabriel Everitt OSB.

==Situation==
The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==
The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic, sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public schools]]. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge.<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> Over 90% go on to university.

==School life==
Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|left|thumb|180px|Ampleforth Abbey]]The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are 81 monks at Ampleforth, only about 12 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys' choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls' choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on [[Holy Day of Obligation|Holy Days of Obligation]] in [[Solemn Mass|High Mass]] each Sunday. They have been on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==
The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|houses]], with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:
* [[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
* [[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
* [[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
* [[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Ben Pennington
* [[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
* [[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
* [[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
* [[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Patrick McBeath
* [[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
* [[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:
* Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
* Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
* Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
* Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==
Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25 metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh has in recent years proven to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]] and [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey and College - geograph.org.uk - 139902.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth Abbey and College.]]

==Sexual abuse==
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}
[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==
The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading independent schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]], [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Lancing College|Lancing]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]], [[Winchester College|Winchester]] and [[Worth School|Worth]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece | location=London | work=The Times | first=Tony | last=Halpin | title=Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees | date=10 November 2005}}</ref> However, Mrs Jean Scott, the head of the Independent Schools Council, said that independent schools had always been exempt from anti-cartel rules applied to business, were following a long-established procedure in sharing the information with each other, and that they were unaware of the change to the law (on which they had not been consulted). She wrote to John Vickers, the OFT director-general, saying, "They are not a group of businessmen meeting behind closed doors to fix the price of their products to the disadvantage of the consumer. They are schools that have quite openly continued to follow a long-established practice because they were unaware that the law had changed."<ref>{{cite news | url = http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1455730/Private-schools-send-papers-to-fee-fixing-inquiry.html | title = Private schools send papers to fee-fixing inquiry | newspaper = The Daily Telegraph | location = London | date = 1 March 2004 | accessdate = 15 March 2011}}</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==
In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{Alumni|date=February 2011}}
===Religion===
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*Abdur Raheem Green, Muslim convert and Chairman of the Islamic Education & Research Academy <ref>[http://www.iera.org.uk/ Abdur Raheem Green: iera.org.uk]</ref><ref>[http://islamevents.com/speakers/speaker_detail.php?spid=10 Abdur Raheem Green: Islam Events]</ref>
*[[Ambrose Griffiths]] (1928–2011), [[Bishop of Hexham and Newcastle]]
*[[John Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915<ref>{{cite journal|title='''HEDLEY, Rt. Rev. John Cuthbert'''|journal=Who's Who,|year=1907|volume= 59|pages=pp. 815–816|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=yEcuAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA815}}</ref>
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Miles Fitzalan-Howard, 17th Duke of Norfolk]] (1915-2002)
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[John Bunting (sculptor)|John Bunting]] (1927-2002) sculptor and teacher
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns (actor)|Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]], Baron Fellowes of West Stafford (born 1949), actor and writer, Conservative peer of the House of Lords (2011-)
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941), British Royal Portrait Painter
*[[Martin Jennings]] (born 1957) sculptor

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Fred Halliday]], (1946–2010), academic, Fellow of the [[British Academy]], [[Montague Burton Professor of International Relations]] at [[London School of Economics]]
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Charles Grieve]] (1913-2000), cricketer who played for [[Oxford University Cricket Club|Oxford University]] and [[Guernsey cricket team|Guernsey]]
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
* Igor de la Sota (born 1981), [[rugby union]] player who received a number of caps for Spain in the 2007 World Cup Qualifiers.
* Peter Savill, former chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]].

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==External links==
* [http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
* [http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
* [http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
* [http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
* [http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]
[[Category:Catholic sexual abuse scandal in the United Kingdom]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2011-02-23T14:55:45Z

Springnuts: /* Sexual abuse */ More appropriate see also

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school]] [[Roman Catholic Church|Roman Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk
}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]], is the largest Roman Catholic co-educational boarding [[independent school]] in the [[United Kingdom]].{{Citation needed|date=April 2010}} It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/ |title=Ampleforth College: Our Mission |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly [[Brown trout|brown]] and [[Rainbow trout|rainbow]], although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/ |title=Ampleforth College: An Introduction from the Headmaster |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/ |title=Ampleforth College: School Development Plan Explored Further |publisher=College.ampleforth.org.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html |title=Ampleforth College, York - The Good School Guide |publisher=Goodschoolsguide.co.uk |date= |accessdate=2011-02-15}}</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: (awaiting appointment)
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: (awaiting appointment)
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]].

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey and College - geograph.org.uk - 139902.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey and College.]]

==Sexual abuse==
{{See also|Sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation}}
[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Lancing College|Lancing]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]], [[Winchester College|Winchester]] and [[Worth School|Worth]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
{{Alumni|date=February 2011}}
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athanasius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot of Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*Cuthbert Hedley (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*Anthony Ainscough (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (1916–2011), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929–2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988–2008;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938–1996), King of Lesotho (1966–1970, 1970–1990, 1995–96)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997–2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008–present;
*[[Raymond Asquith, 3rd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007–present.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990–95, 1996–present)
*[[Paul Moore (banking manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the BBC, 1955–1964
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson (artist)|Henry Hudson]] (born 1982), artist
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)|James O'Brien]] (born 1972), radio presenter and journalist
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Andrew Festing]] (born 1941) - British Royal Portrait Painter

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929–2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer

===Sport===
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 7th Marquess of Bute]] (b. 1958{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}}), a [[Peer of Scotland|Scottish peer]] and former [[racing driver]] ("Johnny Dumfries")
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975),{{Citation needed|date=October 2010}} [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]

===Other===
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962) author
*[[Prince Sebastian of Luxembourg]] (born 1992)

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2010}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]
[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:1802 establishments in the United Kingdom]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category:Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Papst (Titel)

2010-08-18T08:40:47Z

Springnuts: category mistake - romantic meanings applied to ancient language

{{About|the leader of the Catholic Church}}
{{For|the Incumbent Pope|Pope Benedict XVI}}
{{pp-semi-protected|small=yes}}
{{Infobox Bishopric
|border = catholic
|font_color = black
|bishopric = [[Diocese of Rome|Rome]]
|coatofarms = Coat of arms of the Holy See.svg
|image = Pope Benedictus XVI january,20 2006 (2) mod.jpg
|incumbent = [[Benedict XVI]] Elected: 19 April 2005
|province = [[List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view)#Ecclesiastical Province of Rome|Ecclesiastical Province of Rome]]
|diocese = [[Diocese of Rome|Holy See]]
|cathedral = [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]]
|first_bishop = [[Saint Peter]]
|date = [[33]] [[AD]]
|website = [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/benedict_xvi/index.htm/ Benedict XVI]
}}
[[File:Clemens I.jpg|thumb|[[Pope Clement I]], one of the 1st-century Bishops of Rome, considered successors to [[Saint Peter]] as leaders of the Catholic Church. Monastic mural from [[Ohrid]], Macedonia.]]
The '''pope''' (from ''{{lang-la|papa}}''; from {{lang-el|πάππας}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://artfl.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/philologic/getobject.pl?c.51:9:99.lsj |title=Liddell and Scott |publisher=Artfl.uchicago.edu |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> (pappas),<ref>{{cite web|url=http://education.yahoo.com/reference/dictionary/entry/pope |title=American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language |publisher=Education.yahoo.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> or ''father'') is the [[Bishop (Catholic Church)|Bishop]] of [[diocese of Rome|Rome]], a position that makes him the leader of the worldwide [[Catholic Church]] (that is, the [[Latin Rite]] and the [[Eastern Catholic Churches]] in [[full communion]] with the [[episcopal see|see]] of Rome). The current<ref>The [[Annuario Pontificio]] does not assign numbers to its list of popes because of [[canon law|canonical]] obscurities regarding the legitimacy of some members of the list.</ref> office-holder is [[Pope Benedict XVI]], who was elected in a [[Papal conclave, 2005|papal conclave]] on 19 April 2005.

The office of the pope is known as the ''Papacy''. His ecclesiastical jurisdiction is often called the "[[Holy See]]" (''Sancta Sedes'' in Latin), or the "[[Apostolic See]]" on the basis that the Apostles [[Saint Peter]] and [[Paul the Apostle|Saint Paul]] were [[martyr]]ed in [[Rome]]. The pope is also [[head of state]] of [[Vatican City|Vatican City State]],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vaticanstate.va/EN/State_and_Government/ |title=Vatican City State - State and Government |publisher=Vaticanstate.va |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> a sovereign [[city-state]] entirely [[Enclave and exclave|enclaved]] within the city of Rome.

Early popes helped to spread [[Christianity]] and resolve [[doctrinal]] disputes.<ref name = "World History" /> After the [[Conversion to Christianity|conversion]] of the rulers of the [[Roman Empire]] (the conversion of the populace was already advanced even before the [[Edict of Milan]], 313), the [[Roman emperor]]s became the popes' secular allies until the 8th century when [[Pope Stephen II]] was forced to appeal to the [[Franks]] for help,<ref name="AF:CC">[[Will Durant|Durant, Will]]. The Age of Faith. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1972. Chapter XXI: Christianity in Conflict 529-1085. p. 517–551</ref> beginning a period of close interaction with the rulers of the west. For centuries, the [[Donation of Constantine]], later proved to be a forgery, provided support for the papacy's claim of political supremacy over the entire former [[Western Roman Empire]]. In [[medieval]] times, popes played powerful roles in Western Europe, often struggling with monarchs for control over the wide-ranging affairs of [[Christian Church|church]] and [[State (polity)|state]],<ref name="World History"/> crowning [[emperor]]s ([[Charlemagne]] was the first emperor crowned by a pope), and regulating disputes among [[Secular state|secular rulers]].<ref>Such as regulating the [[colonization]] of the [[New World]]. See [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] and [[Inter caetera]].</ref>

Gradually forced to give up secular power, popes now focus almost exclusively on religious matters.<ref name = "World History" /> Over the centuries, papal claims of spiritual authority have been ever more clearly expressed, culminating in 1870 with the proclamation of the [[Dogma (Roman Catholic)|dogma]] of [[papal infallibility]] for rare occasions when the pope speaks ''[[ex cathedra]]'' (literally "from the chair (of [[St. Peter]])") to issue a formal definition of [[dogma|faith]] or [[morals]].<ref name = "World History" /> The first (after the proclamation) and so far the last such occasion was in 1950, with the definition of the dogma of the [[Assumption of Mary]].

==History==
{{Roman Catholicism}}
{{Main|History of the Papacy}}
Catholics recognize the Pope as a successor to [[Saint Peter]], whom, according to the [[Bible]], Jesus named as the [[Shepherd#In religion|"shepherd"]] and "rock" of the Church.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/catechism/p123a9p4.htm |title=Catechism of the Catholic Church |accessdate=2008-08-02 |publisher=Vatican Library }}, 880-884</ref><ref>"St. Peter, ''[[The Catholic Encyclopedia]]''</ref> Peter never bore the ''title'' of "Pope", which came into use much later, but Catholics recognize him as the first Pope,<ref>Wilken, p. 281, quote: "Some (Christian communities) had been founded by Peter, the disciple Jesus designated as the founder of his church. ... Once the position was institutionalized, historians looked back and recognized Peter as the first pope of the Christian church in Rome"</ref> while official declarations of the Church only speak of the Popes as holding within the college of the Bishops a role analogous to that held by Peter within the college of the Apostles, of which the college of the Bishops, a distinct entity, is the successor.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html |title=Second Vatican Council, ''Lumen Gentium'', 22 |publisher=Vatican.va |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref><ref>[http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/john_paul_ii/audiences/alpha/data/aud19921007en.html [[Pope John Paul II]], Talk on 7 October 1992</ref><ref>[http://books.google.com/books?id=j8-GHiYUSX8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Dulles+catholicity#v=onepage&q=episcopal%20college&f=false [[Avery Dulles]], ''The Catholicity of the Church'', Oxford University Press, 1987, ISBN 0-19-826695-2,] page 140</ref>

Protestants believe that a study of the New Testament offers no uncontested proof that Jesus established the papacy or appointed Peter to it.<ref>{{cite book |first=John |last=O'Grady |title=The Roman Catholic church: its origins and nature |page=143}}</ref> The Catholic Church teaches that Jesus personally appointed Peter as leader of the Church and in its dogmatic constitution ''[[Lumen Gentium]]'' makes a clear distinction between apostles and bishops, presenting the latter as the successors of the former, with the Pope as successor of Peter in that he is head of the bishops as Peter was head of the apostles.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html |title=''Lumen gentium'', 22 |publisher=Vatican.va |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> Some historians have argued that the notion that Peter was the first bishop of Rome and founded the Christian church there can be traced back no earlier than the third century.<ref name="O'Grady 146">{{cite book |first=John |last=O'Grady |title=The Roman Catholic church: its origins and nature |page=146}}</ref> The writings of the [[Church Father]] [[Irenaeus]] who wrote around 180 AD reflect a belief that Peter "founded and organised" the Church at Rome.<ref>{{cite book |first=J. |last=Stevenson |title=A New Eusebius| page=114}}</ref> However, Irenaeus was not the first to write of Peter's presence in the early Roman Church. [[Clement of Rome]] wrote in a letter to the Corinthians, ''c.'' 96<ref name="fn_2">{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/1010.htm|title=Letter of Clement to the Corinthians}}</ref> about the awesome persecution of Christians in Rome as the “struggles in our time” and presented to the Corinthians its heroes, “first, the greatest and most just columns, the “good apostles” Peter and Paul.<ref name="Gröber, 510">Gröber, 510</ref> [[St. Ignatius of Antioch]] wrote shortly after Clement and in his letter from the city of Smyrna to the Romans he said he would not command them as Peter and Paul did.<ref name="fn_3">{{cite web |url=http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/244/Letter_of_Ignatius_of_Antioch_to_the_Romans.html |title=Letter of Ignatius of Antioch to the Romans}}</ref> Given this and other evidence, many scholars agree that Peter was martyred in Rome under Nero.<ref>"[M]any scholars ... accept Rome as the location of the martyrdom and the reign of Nero as the time." Daniel William O’Connor, "Saint Peter the Apostle." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 25 November 2009 [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/453832/Saint-Peter-the-Apostle].</ref>

Various Christian communities would have had a group of presbyter-bishops functioning as leaders of the local church. Eventually, this evolved into a monarchical episcopacy in certain cities.<ref name="O'Grady 140">{{cite book |first=John |last=O'Grady |title=The Roman Catholic church: its origins and nature |page=140}}</ref> Some historians would argue that the monarchical episcopacy may have developed in other churches in the Christian world before it took shape in Rome. For example, it has been conjectured that Antioch may have been one of the first Christian communities to have adopted such a structure.<ref name="O'Grady 140"/> In Rome there were many who claimed to be the rightful bishop though again Irenaeus stressed the validity of one line of bishops from the time of St. Peter up to his contemporary [[Pope Victor I]] and listed them.<ref>{{cite book |first=J. |last=Stevenson |title=A New Eusebius| pages=114–115}}</ref> Some writers claim that the emergence of a single bishop in Rome probably did not occur until the middle of the second century. In their view, Linus, Cletus and Clement were possibly prominent presbyter-bishops but not necessarily monarchical bishops.<ref name="O'Grady 146"/> This would not affect their authority as Popes in Catholic Theology.

The see of Rome was accorded prominence in the early Church in issues related to matters of the universal church.<ref>"From an historical perspective, there is no conclusive documentary evidence from the first century or the early decades of the second of the exercise of, or even the claim to, a primacy of the Roman bishop or to a connection with Peter, although documents from this period accord the church at Rome some kind of pre‑eminence" ([http://www.goarch.org/ourfaith/ourfaith8523 Emmanuel Clapsis, Papal Primacy], extract from ''Orthodoxy in Conversation'' (2000), p. 110]); and "The see of Rome, whose prominence was associated with the deaths of Peter and Paul, became the principle centre in matters concerning the universal Church" (Clapsis, p. 102). The same writer quotes with approval the words of [[Pope Benedict XVI|Joseph Ratzinger]]: "In Phanar, on 25 July 1976, when [[Patriarch Athenagoras I of Constantinople|Patriarch Athenegoras]] addressed [[Pope Paul VI|the visiting pope]] as Peter's successor, the first in honour among us, and the presider over charity, this great church leader was expressing the essential content of the declarations of the primacy of the first millennium" (Clapsis, p. 113).</ref>

===Early Christianity (''c.'' 30 – 325)===
It seems that at first the terms 'episcopos' and 'presbyter' were used interchangeably.<ref>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, 1997 edition revised 2005, page 211: "It seems that at first the terms 'episcopos' and 'presbyter' were used interchangeably ..."</ref> The consensus among scholars has been that, at the turn of the first and second centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters whose offices were overlapping or indistinguishable.<ref>Cambridge History of Christianity, volume 1, 2006, "The general consensus among scholars has been that, at the turn of the first and second centuries, local congregations were led by bishops and presbyters whose offices were overlapping or indistinguishable."</ref> There was probably no single 'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the second century ... and likely later."<ref>Cambridge History of Christianity, volume 1, 2006, page 418: "Probably there was no single 'monarchical' bishop in Rome before the middle of the second century ... and likely later."</ref>

In the early Christian era, Rome and a few other cities had claims on the leadership of worldwide ("Catholic") church. [[James the Just]], known as "the brother of the Lord", served as head of the Jerusalem church, which is still honored as the "Mother Church" in Orthodox tradition. Alexandria had been a center of Jewish learning and became a center of Christian learning. Rome had a large congregation early in the apostolic period whom Paul the Apostle addressed in his [[Epistle to the Romans]], and Paul was martyred there.

During the first century of the Christian Church (''ca.'' 30–130), the Roman capital became recognized as a Christian center of exceptional importance. [[Pope Clement I]] at the end of the 1st century wrote an epistle to the Church in Corinth, Greece, intervening in a major dispute, and apologising for not having taken action earlier.<ref>Chadwick, Henry, ''Oxford History of Christianity'', OUP, quote: "Towards the latter part of the 1st century, Rome's presiding cleric named Clement wrote on behalf of his church to remonstrate with the Corinthian Christians who had ejected clergy without either financial or charismatic endowment in favour of a fresh lot; Clement apologized not for intervening but for not having acted sooner. Moreover, during the second century the Roman community's leadership was evident in its generous alms to poorer churches. About 165 they erected monuments to their martyred apostles, to Peter in a necropolis on the Vatican Hill, to Paul on the road to Ostia, at the traditional sites of their burial. Roman bishops were already conscious of being custodians of the authentic tradition of true interpretation of the apostolic writings. In the conflict with Gnosticism Rome played a decisive role, and likewise in the deep division in Asia Minor created by the claims of the Montanist prophets.."</ref> However, there are only a few other references of that time to recognition of the [[Primacy of the Roman Pontiff|authoritative primacy]] of the [[Holy See|Roman See]] outside of Rome. In the [http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/ch_orthodox_docs/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_20071013_documento-ravenna_en.html Ravenna Document] of 13 October 2007, theologians chosen by the Roman Catholic and the Eastern Orthodox Churches stated: "41. Both sides agree ... that Rome, as the Church that 'presides in love' according to the phrase of St [[Ignatius of Antioch]] ([http://www.crossroadsinitiative.com/library_article/244/Letter_of_Ignatius_of_Antioch_to_the_Romans.html ''To the Romans''], Prologue), occupied the first place in the ''taxis'', and that the [[bishop]] of Rome was therefore the ''protos'' among the patriarchs. They disagree, however, on the interpretation of the historical evidence from this era regarding the prerogatives of the Bishop of Rome as ''protos'', a matter that was already understood in different ways in the first millennium." In addition, in the last years of the first century AD the Church in Rome [[Epistles of Clement|intervened]] in the affairs of the Christian Church in [[Corinth]] to help solve their internal disputes.

Later in the second century AD, there were more manifestations of Roman authority over other churches. In 189 AD, assertion of the primacy of the Church of Rome may be indicated in [[Irenaeus of Lyons]]'s ''[[On the Detection and Overthrow of the So-Called Gnosis|Against Heresies]]'' (3:3:2): "With [the Church of Rome], because of its superior origin, all the churches must agree... and it is in her that the faithful everywhere have maintained the apostolic tradition." In 195 AD, [[Pope Victor I]], in what is seen as an exercise of Roman authority over other churches, excommunicated the [[Quartodecimans]] for observing Easter on the 14th of Nisan, the date of the Jewish [[Passover]], a tradition handed down by [[John the Evangelist|St. John the Evangelist]] (see [[Easter controversy]]). Celebration of Easter on a Sunday, as insisted on by the Pope, is the system that has prevailed (see [[computus]]).

Early popes helped spread Christianity and resolve doctrinal disputes.<ref name = "World History"/>

===Nicaea to East-West Schism (325–1054)===
During these seven centuries, the church unified by Emperor Constantine within his empire effectively split first, after the 451 [[Council of Chalcedon]], into [[Chalcedonian Christianity]] and [[Oriental Orthodoxy]], and then, after the 1054 [[East-West Schism]], into a [[Greek East and Latin West]]. In the West, the pope became independent of the Emperor in the East and became a major force in politics there.

====Imperial capitals: Rome and Constantinople====
With the conversion of Roman Emperor [[Constantine I|Constantine]] to Christianity and the [[First Council of Nicaea|Council of Nicea]], the Christian religion received imperial sanction.

At the time of the Council (325), Rome was still seen as the capital of the empire, although the emperor rarely lived there. With the establishment of a new fixed capital in [[Constantinople]] (330), there arose a new centre, which quickly grew in prominence, rivalling those in Rome, Alexandria and Antioch, which previously had been the most important centres of Christianity.

Of these, Rome claimed the principal place, as illustrated by [[Pope Leo I|Pope Leo the Great]]'s statement, in about 446, that "the care of the universal Church should converge towards Peter's one seat, and nothing anywhere should be separated from its Head",<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/3604014.htm |title=Letter XIV |publisher=Newadvent.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> clearly articulating the expansion of papal authority as doctrine, and promulgating his right to exercise "the full range of apostolic powers that Jesus had first bestowed on the apostle Peter".

The early [[ecumenical council]]s, especially the [[First Council of Constantinople]] (381), affirmed the importance of the Bishop of Rome's position, though all the councils in the Church's early history took place in cities in the East, and the Pope did not personally attend the council in 381. At the ecumenical [[Council of Chalcedon]] in 451, Leo I (through his emissaries) stated that he was "speaking with the voice of Peter". At this same council, the Bishop of Constantinople was given "equal privileges" to those of the Bishop of Rome, because "Constantinople is the New Rome". Pope Leo rejected this decree on the ground that it contravened the sixth canon of Nicaea and infringed the rights of Alexandria and Antioch.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Council_of_Chalcedon |title=Council of Chalcedon (1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica) |publisher=1911encyclopedia.org |date=2006-10-06 |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref>

====Medieval development====
[[File:Gregorythegreat.jpg|thumb|upright|Gregory the Great (''c'' 540–604) who established medieval themes in the Church, in a painting by [[Carlo Saraceni]], circa 1610, Rome.]]
After the fall of Rome, the pope served as a source of authority and continuity. [[Gregory the Great]] (''c'' 540–604) administered the church with strict reform.<ref name="AF:CC"/> From an ancient senatorial family, Gregory worked with the stern judgment and discipline typical of ancient Roman rule.<ref name="AF:CC"/> Theologically, he represents the shift from the classical to the medieval outlook, his popular writings full of dramatic miracles, potent relics, demons, angels, ghosts, and the approaching end of the world.<ref name="AF:CC"/>

Gregory's successors were largely dominated by the exarch or the Eastern emperor.<ref name="AF:CC"/> These humiliations, the weakening of the Empire in the face of Muslim expansion, and the inability of the Emperor to protect the papal estates made Pope Stephen II turn from the Emperor.<ref name="AF:CC"/> Seeking protection against the Lombards and getting no help from Emperor Constantine V, the pope appealed to the Franks to protect his lands.<ref name="AF:CC"/> [[Pepin the Short]] subdued the [[Lombards]] and donated Italian land to the Papacy.<ref name="AF:CC"/> When Leo III crowned [[Charlemagne]] (800), he established the precedent that no man would be emperor without anointment by a pope.<ref name="AF:CC"/>

Around 850, a forger, probably from among the French opposers of [[Hincmar]], [[Archbishop]] of [[Reims]]<ref name=ODCC:fd>"False Decretals." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> made a collection of church legislation that contained forgeries and genuine documents.<ref name=ODCC:fd/><ref name=EB:fd>{{cite web|author=Encyclopædia Britannica |url=http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/200996/False-Decretals |title=Encyclopaedia Britannica: ''False Decretals'' |publisher=Britannica.com |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> At first some attacked it as false, but it was taken as genuine throughout the rest of the [[Middle Ages]]<ref name=ODCC:fd/> It is now known as the [[False Decretals]]. It was part of a series of falsifications of previous legislation by a party in the Carolingian Empire whose primary aim was to free the church and the bishops from interference by the state and the [[Metropolitan archbishop#Roman Catholic|metropolitans]] respectively,<ref name=ODCC:fd/><ref name=EB:fd/> and who were concerned for papal supremacy as guaranteeing those rights.<ref name=ODCC:fd/> The author, a French cleric calling himself Isidore Mercator, created false documents purportedly by early church popes, demonstrating that supremacy of the papacy dated back to the church's oldest traditions.<ref name="AF:CC"/> The decretals include the ''[[Donation of Constantine]]'', in which [[Constantine I|Constantine]] grants [[Pope Sylvester I]] secular authority over all Western Europe.<ref name="AFself">[[Will Durant|Durant, Will]]. The Age of Faith. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1972. p. 525–526</ref> Thanks to this forgery in the collection, the decretals became one of the most persuasive forgeries in the history of the West. It supported Papal policies for centuries.<ref name="AF:CC"/>

Pope Nicholas I (858–867) asserted that the pope should have suzerain authority over all Christians, even royalty, in matters of faith and morals.<ref name="AF:CC"/> Only Photius, bishop of Constantinople, dared gainsay him.<ref name="AF:CC"/> He sternly defended morality and justice in a decadent age.<ref name="AF:CC"/> After his death, the authority of the papacy was acknowledged more widely than ever before.<ref name="AF:CC"/>

The low point of the Papacy was 867–1049.<ref name = "AF"/> The Papacy came under the control of vying political factions.<ref name="AF"/> Popes were variously imprisoned, starved, killed, and deposed by force.<ref name="AF"/> The family of a certain papal official made and unmade popes for fifty years.<ref name="AF"/> The official's great-grandson, Pope John XII, held orgies of debauchery in the Lateran palace.<ref name="AF"/> Emperor Otto I of Germany had John accused in an ecclesiastical court, which deposed him and elected a layman as Pope Leo VIII.<ref name="AF"/> John mutilated the Imperial representatives in Rome and had himself reinstated as Pope.<ref name="AF"/> Conflict between the Emperor and the papacy continued, and eventually dukes in league with the emperor were buying bishops and popes almost openly.<ref name="AF"/>

In 1049, Leo IX became pope, at last a pope with the character to face the papacy's problems.<ref name="AF"/> He traveled to the major cities of Europe to deal with the church's moral problems firsthand, notably the sale of church offices or services (simony) and clerical marriage and concubinage.<ref name="AF"/> With his long journey, he restored the prestige of the Papacy in the north.<ref name="AF"/>

===East–West Schism to Reformation (1054–1517)===
[[File:Grand schisme 1378-1417.png|thumb|350px|Historical map of the Western Schism: red is support for Avignon, blue for Rome]]
The East and West churches split definitively in 1054. This fracture was caused more by political events than by slight diversities of creed.<ref name = "AF"/> Popes had galled the emperors by siding with the king of the Franks, crowning a rival Roman emperor, appropriating the exarchate of Ravenna, and driving into Greek Italy.<ref name="AF">[[Will Durant|Durant, Will]]. The Age of Faith. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1972</ref>

In the [[Middle Ages]], popes struggled with monarchs over power.<ref name = "World History"/>

From 1309 to 1377, the pope resided not in Rome but in Avignon (see [[Avignon Papacy]]). The Avignon Papacy was notorious for greed and corruption.<ref name="R:RCC">[[Will Durant|Durant, Will]]. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter I. The Roman Catholic Church." 1300-1517. p. 3–25</ref> During this period, the pope was effectively an ally of France, alienating France's enemies, such as England.<ref name="R:EWCGR">[[Will Durant|Durant, Will]]. The Reformation. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1957. "Chapter II. England: Wyclif, Chaucer, and the Great Revolt." 1308-1400. p. 26–57</ref>

The pope was understood to have the power to draw on the "treasury" of merit built up by the saints and by Christ, so that he could grant indulgences, reducing one's time in [[purgatory]].<ref name="R:RCC"/> The concept that a monetary fine or donation accompanied contrition, confession, and prayer eventually gave way to the common assumption that indulgences depended on a simple monetary contribution.<ref name="R:RCC"/> Popes condemned misunderstandings and abuses but were too pressed for income to exercise effective control over indulgences.<ref name="R:RCC"/>

Popes also contended with the cardinals, who sometimes attempted to assert the authority of councils over the pope's. Conciliar theory holds that the supreme authority of the church lies with a General Council, not with the pope.<ref name="ReferenceA">"Conciliar theory." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</ref> Its foundations were laid early in the 13th century, and it culminated in the 15th century.<ref name="ReferenceA"/> The failure of the conciliar theory to gain broad acceptance after the 15th century is taken as a factor in the Protestant Reformation.<ref name="ReferenceA"/>

Various antipopes challenged papal authority, especially during the [[Western Schism]] (1378–1417). In this schism, the papacy had returned to Rome from Avignon, but an antipope was installed in Avignon, as if to extend the papacy there.

The Eastern Church continued to decline with the Eastern Roman (Byzantine) Empire, undercutting Constantinople's claim to equality with Rome. Twice an Eastern Emperor tried to force the Eastern Church to reunify with the West. Papal claims of superiority were a sticking point in reunification, which failed in any event. In the 15th century, the Ottoman Turks captured Constantinople.

===Reformation to present (1517 to today)===
[[File:Council Trent.jpg|frame|As part of the Catholic Reformation, [[Pope Paul III]] (1534–1549) initiated the [[Council of Trent]] (1545–1563), which established the triumph of the Papacy over those who sought to reconcile with Protestants or oppose Papal claims.]]
Protestant Reformers criticized the Papacy as corrupt and characterized the pope as the antichrist.

Popes instituted the [[Catholic Reformation]]<ref name = "World History"/> (1560–1648), which addressed challenges of the [[Protestant Reformation]] and instituted internal reforms. Pope Paul III (1534–1549) initiated the [[Council of Trent]] (1545–1563), which established the triumph of the Papacy over rulers who sought to reconcile with Protestants and against French and Spanish bishops opposed to Papal claims.<ref>"Counter-Reformation." Cross, F. L., ed. The Oxford dictionary of the Christian church. New York: Oxford University Press. 2005</ref>

Gradually forced to give up secular power, popes focused on spiritual issues.<ref name = "World History"/>

The pope's claims of spiritual authority have been ever more clearly expressed since the first centuries. In 1870, the [[First Vatican Council]] proclaimed the [[dogma]] of [[papal infallibility]] for those rare occasions the pope speaks ''[[ex cathedra]]'' (literally "from the chair (of Peter)") when issuing a solemn definition of [[dogma|faith]] or [[morals]].<ref name="World History">Wetterau, Bruce. World history. New York: Henry Holt and company. 1994.</ref>

Later in 1870, Victor Emmanuel II [[Capture of Rome|seized Rome]] from the pope's control and substantially completed the unification of Italy.<ref name="World History"/> The Papal States that the pope lost had been used to support papal independence.<ref name="World History"/>

In 1929, the [[Lateran Treaty]] between Italy and Pope Pius XI established the Vatican guaranteed papal independence from secular rule.<ref name="World History"/>

In 1950, the pope defined the [[Assumption of Mary]] as dogma, the only time that a pope has spoken ex cathedra since papal infallibility was explicitly declared.

The [[Petrine Doctrine]] is still controversial as an issue of doctrine that continues to divide the eastern and western churches and separate Protestants from Rome.

==Saint Peter and the origin of the office==
{{See also|Primacy of Simon Peter}}
The [[dogma]]s and traditions of the [[Roman Catholic Church]] teach that the institution of the papacy was first mandated by interpretations of several Biblical passages, mainly Matthew 16:13–19:<ref group="nb" name="ex01">See also Isaiah 22:20–22, John 21:15–17, Luke 12:41, and Luke 22:31–32.</ref>

{{cquote|"When Jesus came into the coasts of [[Caesarea]] Philippi, he asked his disciples, saying, Whom do men say that I the Son of man am? ... And Simon Peter answered and said, Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God. And Jesus answered and said unto him, Blessed art thou, Simon Bar-jona: for flesh and blood hath not revealed it unto thee, but my Father which is in heaven. And I also say to you that you are Peter, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of the netherworld will not prevail against it. I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven; whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose on earth will be loosed in heaven."}}

Catholics believe that this passage shows Jesus establishing his church on the shoulders of Simon son of John (Peter). Some authorities have previously asserted that the "rock" Jesus referred to was Jesus himself or was Peter's faith.<ref>Daniel William O'Connor. "Saint Peter the Apostle." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 27 November 2009 [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/453832/Saint-Peter-the-Apostle].</ref> The general scholarly consensus is that this account is accurate, and most modern scholars agree with the straightforward interpretation that the "rock" Jesus refers to in this passage is Peter.<ref>Such is "the consensus of the great majority of scholars today." "Saint Peter the Apostle." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 27 November 2009 [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/453832/Saint-Peter-the-Apostle].</ref>

The reference to the "keys of the kingdom of heaven" here is the basis for the symbolic keys often found in Catholic papal symbolism, such as in the Vatican Coat of Arms (see below).{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}}

== Election, death and resignation ==
===Election===
{{Main|Papal conclave}}
[[File:Christ Handing the Keys to St. Peter by Pietro Perugino.jpg|thumb|''The Giving of the Keys to Saint Peter'' painted by [[Pietro Perugino]] (1492)]]
The pope was originally chosen by those senior [[clergy]]men resident in and near Rome. In 1059 the electorate was restricted to the [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinals]] of the Holy Roman Church, and the individual votes of all Cardinal Electors were made equal in 1179. [[Pope Urban VI]], elected 1378, was the last pope who was not already a cardinal at his election. [[Canon law]] requires that if a layman or non-bishop is elected, he receives episcopal consecration from the [[Dean of the College of Cardinals]] before assuming the Pontificate. Under present canon law, the pope is elected by the cardinal electors, comprising those cardinals who are under the age of 80.

The [[Second Council of Lyons]] was convened on 7 May 1274, to regulate the election of the pope. This Council decreed that the cardinal electors must meet within ten days of the pope's death, and that they must remain in seclusion until a pope has been elected; this was prompted by the three-year ''[[Sede Vacante]]'' following the death of [[Pope Clement IV]] in 1268. By the mid-sixteenth century, the electoral process had evolved into its present form, allowing for variation in the time between the death of the pope and the meeting of the cardinal electors.

Traditionally, the vote was conducted by [[acclamation]], by selection (by committee), or by plenary vote. Acclamation was the simplest procedure, consisting entirely of a voice vote, and was last used in 1621. [[Pope John Paul II]] abolished vote by acclamation and by selection by committee, and henceforth all Popes will be elected by full vote of the [[College of Cardinals|Sacred College of Cardinals]] by [[ballot]].

[[File:Konklave Konzilsgebaude Konstanz.jpg|thumb|left|The conclave in [[Konstanz]] where [[Pope Martin V]] was elected]]
The election of the pope almost always takes place in the [[Sistine Chapel]], in a sequestered meeting called a "[[Papal conclave|conclave]]" (so called because the cardinal electors are theoretically locked in, ''cum clave'', until they elect a new pope). Three cardinals are chosen by lot to collect the votes of absent cardinal electors (by reason of illness), three are chosen by lot to count the votes, and three are chosen by lot to review the count of the votes. The ballots are distributed and each cardinal elector writes the name of his choice on it and pledges aloud that he is voting for "one whom under God I think ought to be elected" before folding and depositing his vote on a plate atop a large chalice placed on the altar (in the 2005 conclave, a special urn was used for this purpose instead of a chalice and plate). The plate is then used to drop the ballot into the chalice, making it difficult for electors to insert multiple ballots. Before being read, the ballots are counted while still folded; if the number of ballots does not match the number of electors, the ballots are burned unopened and a new vote is held. Otherwise, each ballot is read aloud by the presiding Cardinal, who pierces the ballot with a needle and thread, stringing all the ballots together and tying the ends of the thread to ensure accuracy and honesty. Balloting continues until a Pope is elected by a two-thirds majority.<ref>With the promulgation of ''[[Universi Dominici Gregis]]'' in 1996, a simple majority after a deadlock of twelve days was allowed, but this was revoked by Pope [[Benedict XVI]] by ''[[motu proprio]]'' in 2007.</ref>
[[File:Habemus Papam 1415.jpg|thumb|The formal declaration of "[[Habemus Papam]]" after the election of Pope Martin V]]

One of the most prominent aspects of the papal election process is the means by which the results of a ballot are announced to the world. Once the ballots are counted and bound together, they are burned in a special stove erected in the Sistine Chapel, with the smoke escaping through a small chimney visible from [[St. Peter's Square]]. The ballots from an unsuccessful vote are burned along with a chemical compound to create black smoke, or ''fumata nera''. (Traditionally, wet straw was used to produce the black smoke, but this was not completely reliable. The chemical compound is more reliable than the straw.) When a vote is successful, the ballots are burned alone, sending white smoke (''fumata bianca'') through the chimney and announcing to the world the election of a new pope. At the end of the conclave that elected [[Pope Benedict XVI]], church bells were also rung to signal that a new pope had been chosen.

The Dean of the College of Cardinals then asks two solemn questions of the cardinal who has been elected. First he asks, "Do you freely accept your election?" If he replies with the word ''"Accepto"'', his reign as Pope begins at that instant, ''not'' at the inauguration ceremony several days afterward. The Dean then asks, "By what name shall you be called?" The new pope then announces the [[regnal name]] he has chosen. (If the Dean is elected pope, the Vice Dean performs this task.)

The new pope is led through the "Door of Tears" to a dressing room where three sets of white papal vestments (''immantatio'') await: small, medium, and large. Donning the appropriate vestments and reemerging into the Sistine Chapel, the new pope is given the "[[Ring of the Fisherman|Fisherman's Ring]]" by the [[Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church]], whom he first either reconfirms or reappoints. The pope then assumes a place of honor as the rest of the cardinals wait in turn to offer their first "obedience" (''adoratio'') and to receive his blessing.

The [[Cardinal protodeacon|Senior Cardinal Deacon]] then announces from a balcony over St. Peter's Square the following [[Habemus Papam|proclamation]]: ''Annuntio vobis gaudium magnum! Habemus Papam!'' ("I announce to you a great joy! We have a pope!"). He then announces the new pope's Christian name along with his newly chosen regnal name.

Until 1978 the pope's election was followed in a few days by the [[Papal Coronation]]. A procession with great pomp and circumstance formed from the [[Sistine Chapel]] to [[St. Peter's Basilica]], with the newly elected pope borne in the ''[[sedia gestatoria]]''. There, after a solemn [[Papal Mass]], the new pope was crowned with the ''[[Papal Tiara|triregnum]]'' (papal tiara) and he gave for the first time as pope the famous blessing ''[[Urbi et Orbi]]'' ("to the City [Rome] and to the World"). Another renowned part of the coronation was the lighting of a bundle of [[flax]] at the top of a gilded pole, which would flare brightly for a moment and then promptly extinguish, with the admonition ''[[Sic transit gloria mundi]]'' ("Thus passes worldly glory"). A similar warning against papal hubris made on this occasion was the traditional exclamation ''"Annos Petri non videbis"'', reminding the newly crowned Pope that he would not live to see his rule lasting as long as that of St. Peter, who according to tradition headed the church for 35 years and has thus far been the longest reigning Pope in the history of the Catholic Church.

A [[traditionalist Catholic]] belief claims the existence of a [[Papal Oath (Traditionalist Catholic)|Papal Oath]] sworn, at their coronation, by all popes from [[Pope Agatho]] to [[Pope Paul VI]], but which since the abolition of the coronation ceremony is no longer used. There is no reliable authority for this claim.

The [[Latin]] term ''sede vacante'' ("vacant seat") refers to a papal [[interregnum]], the period between the death of a pope and the election of his successor. From this term is derived the term [[sedevacantism]], which designates a category of dissident Catholics who maintain that there is no canonically and legitimately elected Pope, and that there is therefore a ''Sede Vacante''. One of the most common reasons for holding this belief is the idea that the reforms of the [[Second Vatican Council]] and especially the replacement of the [[Tridentine Mass]] with the ''[[Mass of Paul VI]]'' are heretical, and that, per the dogma of papal infallibility, it is impossible for a valid Pope to have done these things. [[Sedevacantist]]s are considered to be schismatics by the mainstream Roman Catholic Church.

For centuries, the papacy was an institution dominated by [[Italians]]. Prior to the election of the Polish cardinal [[Karol Wojtyla]] as Pope John Paul II in 1978, the last non-Italian was [[Pope Adrian VI]] of the Netherlands, elected in 1522. John Paul II was followed by the German-born Benedict XVI, leading some to believe the Italian domination of the papacy to be over.

===Death===
[[File:Pope johnpaul funeral.jpeg|thumb|Funeral of [[Pope John Paul II]] at the Vatican in 2005, presided over by Cardinal Ratzinger, the future Pope Benedict XVI]]
The current regulations regarding a papal [[interregnum]]—that is, a ''[[sede vacante]]'' ("vacant seat")—were promulgated by John Paul II in his 1996 document ''[[Universi Dominici Gregis]]''. During the "Sede Vacante", the [[College of Cardinals|Sacred College of Cardinals]], composed of the pope's principal advisors and assistants, is collectively responsible for the government of the Church and of the Vatican itself, under the direction of the [[Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church]]; however, canon law specifically forbids the cardinals from introducing any innovation in the government of the Church during the vacancy of the [[Holy See]]. Any decision that requires the assent of the pope has to wait until the new pope has been elected and accepts office.

In recent centuries it was traditional, when a Pope was judged to have died, for the Cardinal Chamberlain to confirm the death ceremonially by gently tapping the Pope's head thrice with a silver hammer, calling his birth name each time. This custom was not followed at the death of Pope John Paul I<ref>Sullivan, George E. Pope John Paul II: The People's Pope. Boston: Walker & Company, 1984.</ref> and was not revived upon the death of Pope John Paul II.<ref>{{cite web|author= |url=http://www.time.com/time/covers/1101050411/path.html |title=''The Path to a New Pontiff'' Retrieved: 2010-03-29 |publisher=Time.com |date=2005-04-03 |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> The Cardinal Chamberlain then retrieves the [[Ring of the Fisherman]] and cuts it in two in the presence of the Cardinals. The deceased pope's seals are defaced, to keep them from ever being used again, and his personal apartment is sealed.

The body then lies in state for several days before being interred in the [[crypt]] of a leading church or cathedral; the popes of the 20th century were all interred in [[St. Peter's Basilica]]. A nine-day period of mourning (''novendialis'') follows the interment of the late Pope.

===Resignation===
{{Main|Papal resignation}}
The [[Code of Canon Law]] [http://www.vatican.va/archive/ENG1104/_P16.HTM 332 §2] states, "If it happens that the Roman Pontiff resigns his office, it is required for validity that the resignation is made freely and properly manifested but not that it is accepted by anyone." This right has been exercised by, among others, [[Pope Celestine V]] in 1294 and [[Pope Gregory XII]] in 1409, Gregory XII being the last to do so.

It was widely reported in June and July 2002 that Pope John Paul II firmly refuted the speculation of his resignation using Canon 332, in a letter to the Milan daily newspaper ''[[Corriere della Sera]]''. Nevertheless, 332 §2 caused speculation that (1) Pope [[John Paul II]] would have resigned as his health failed, or (2) a properly manifested legal instrument had been prepared which effected his resignation if he could not perform his duties.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} Pope John Paul II, however, did not resign. He died on 2 April 2005 after a long period of ill-health and was buried on 8 April 2005. After his death, it was reported in [[Testament of Pope John Paul II|his last will and testament]] that he considered abdicating in 2000 as he neared his 80th birthday.{{Citation needed|date=August 2009}} That portion of the will, however, is unclear and others interpret it differently.

==Titles==
{{infobox popestyles
|papal name=The Pope
|dipstyle=[[His Holiness]]
|offstyle=Your Holiness
|relstyle=Holy Father
|deathstyle=NA|}}

===Official list of titles===
The official list of titles of the Pope, in the order in which they are given in the [[Annuario Pontificio]], is: Bishop of [[Diocese of Rome|Rome]], [[Vicar of Christ|Vicar of Jesus Christ]], Successor of the [[Prince of the Apostles]], Supreme [[Pontiff#Christianity|Pontiff]] of the Universal Church, [[Primate (religion)|Primate]] of [[Italy]], [[Metropolitan bishop|Archbishop and Metropolitan]] of the Roman [[Ecclesiastical province|Province]], Sovereign of the State of [[Vatican City]], [[Servus Servorum Dei|Servant of the Servants of God]].<ref>Annuario Pontificio, published annually by Libreria Editrice Vaticana, p. 23*. ISBN of the 2009 edition: 978-88-209-8191-4.</ref>

The official list of titles does not include all the titles that are officially used.

===Pope===
The best-known title of the Popes, that of "Pope", does not appear in the official list, but is commonly used in the titles of documents, and appears, in abbreviated form, in their signatures. Thus [[Pope Paul VI]] signed as "Paulus PP. VI", the "PP." standing for "''Papa''" ("Pope").

The title "Pope" was from the early third century an honorific designation used for ''any'' bishop in the West.<ref name=ODCC:Pope>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church ([[Oxford University Press]] 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article ''Pope''</ref> In the East it was used only for the Bishop of Alexandria.<ref name=ODCC:Pope/> [[Pope Marcellinus]] (d. 304) is the first Bishop of Rome shown in sources to have had the title "Pope" used of him. From the 6th century, the imperial chancery of [[Byzantine Empire|Constantinople]] normally reserved this designation for the Bishop of Rome.<ref name=ODCC:Pope/> From the early sixth century, it began to be confined in the West to the Bishop of Rome, a practice that was firmly in place by the eleventh century,<ref name=ODCC:Pope/> when [[Pope Gregory VII]] declared it reserved for the Bishop of Rome.

In [[Eastern Christianity]], where the title "pope" is used also of the Bishop of Alexandria, the Bishop of Rome is often referred to as the "Pope of Rome", regardless of whether the speaker or writer is in communion with Rome or not.

===Vicar of Jesus Christ===
"Vicar of Jesus Christ" (''Vicarius Iesu Christi'') is one of the official titles of the Pope given in the ''Annuario Pontificio''. It is commonly used in the slightly abbreviated form "Vicar of Christ" (''Vicarius Christi''). While it is only one of the terms with which the Pope is referred to as "vicar", it is "more expressive of his supreme headship of the Church on earth, which he bears in virtue of the commission of Christ and with vicarial power derived from him", a vicarial power believed to have been conferred on Saint Peter when Christ said to him: "Feed my lambs. . . . Feed my sheep" ({{bibleverse||John|21:16-17}}).<ref name="New Advent - Vicar of Christ">{{cite web| url= http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15403b.htm| last= | first= | title= Vicar of Christ | accessdate=27 January 2010| work = Catholic Encyclopedia; New Advent}}</ref>

The first record of the application of this title to a Pope appears in a synod of 495 with reference to [[Pope Gelasius I]].<ref name="Macbrien">McBrien, Richard P. ''Os Papas. Os Pontífices de São Pedro a João Paulo II'' (original title: ''Lives of the Popes. The Pontiffs from St. Peter to John Paul II'' 1997. ISBN 0-06-065303-5), pp. 37, 85.</ref> But at that time, and down to the ninth century, other bishops too referred to themselves as vicars of Christ, and for another four centuries this description was sometimes used of kings and even judges,<ref>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-180190-3), article ''Vicar of Christ''</ref> as it had been used in the fifth and sixth centuries to refer to the [[Byzantine emperor]].<ref name="New Commentary"/> Earlier still, in the third century, [[Tertullian]] used "vicar of Christ" to refer to the [[Holy Spirit]]<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0311.htm| last= | first= | title= Prescription against Heretics (Chapter 28) | accessdate=2010-01-27 | work= Catholic Encyclopedia; New Advent}}</ref><ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.newadvent.org/fathers/0403.htm| last= | first= | title= On the Veiling of Virgins (Chapter 1) | accessdate=2010-01-27 | work= Catholic Encyclopedia; New Advent}}</ref> sent by Jesus.<ref>Cf. {{bibleverse||John|16:7-14}}</ref> Its use specifically for the Pope appears in the thirteenth century in connection with the reforms of [[Pope Innocent III]],<ref name="New Commentary">{{cite web| url= http://books.google.co.uk/books?id=JKgZEjvB5cEC&printsec=frontcover&dq=New+commentary+on+the+Code+of+Canon+Law&hl=pt-BR&cd=1#v=onepage&q=&f=false| last= John P. Beal, James A. Coriden, Thomas J. (Thomas Joseph) Green, Thomas J. Green| first= | title= New Commentary on the Code of Canon Law (p. 432)|access date=18 February 2010 | work= }}</ref> as can be observed already in his 1199 letter to [[Leo I, King of Armenia]].<ref>Faus, José Ignacio Gonzáles. "''Autoridade da Verdade - Momentos Obscuros do Magistério Eclesiástico''" (Edições Loyola. ISBN 85-15-01750-4), p. 33.</ref> Other historians suggest that this title was already used in this way in association with the pontificate of [[Pope Eugenius III]] (1145-1153).<ref name="Macbrien"/>

The [[Second Vatican Council]] referred to all bishops as "vicars and ambassadors of Christ".<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html | last = | first = | title = Second Vatican Council, Dogmatic Constitution ''Lumen gentium'', 27 | accessdate=27 January 2010}}</ref>

On at least one occasion the title "Vicar of God" (a reference to Christ as God) was used of the Pope.<ref name="New Advent - Vicar of Christ"/>

Before being replaced by "Vicar of Jesus Christ", the stable designation of the Pope was "Vicar of Peter" (''Vicarius Petri''), with "Vicar of the Prince of the Apostles" (''Vicarius Principis Apostolorum'') and "Vicar of the Apostolic See" (''Vicarius Sedis Apostolicae'')<ref name="New Advent - Vicar of Christ"/> as variants. An example of the use of "Vicar of Peter" is the oath of fealty of [[Saint Boniface]] to [[Pope Gregory II]].<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.montfort.org.br/index.php?secao=cartas&subsecao=historia&artigo=20090724182931| last = | first = | title = Promessa de Fidelidade de São Bonifácio ao Papa Gregório II, por ocasião de sua sagração episcopal| accessdate=28 January 2010| work = }}</ref> Even today, the [[Roman Missal]] uses this form in the [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] for a dead Pope,<ref>{{cite web| url= http://www.usccb.org/liturgy/papalnotes.pdf| last = | first = | title = Liturgical Notes and Resource Materials for Use upon the Death of a Pope | accessdate=2010-01-27 | work = }}</ref>

===Pontiff===
[[File:Benedictus XVI pont max pontif I.jpg|thumb|220px|right|Entrance to [[Vatican City]], with inscription "Benedictus XVI Pont(ifex) Max(imus) Anno Domini MMV Pont(ificatus) I.", i.e., "[[Benedict XVI]], Pontifex Maximus, in the year of Our Lord 2005, the first year of his pontificate."]]
The Latin term ''pontifex'' ([[pontiff]]), <ref>''Pontifex'' literally means "bridge builder" (''pons'' + ''facere''), namely those pontiffs are symbolically the builders of the bridge between God and men, (Van Haeperen, Françoise, 2002. ''Le collège pontifical: 3ème s. a. C. - 4ème s. p. C.'' in series '' Études de Philologie, d'Archéologie et d'Histoire Anciennes'', no. 39. (Brussels: Brepols) ISBN 90-74461-49-2 ([http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/bmcr/2003/2003-10-16.html Bryn Mawr Classical review, 2003])</ref> which originally referred to the [[college of pontiffs|highest-ranking priests]] of the traditional religion of ancient Rome, was used in the [[Vulgate]] translation of the [[New Testament]] to indicate the Jewish high priest.<ref>There are 35 instances of the use of this term in the Vulgate: {{bibleverse||Mark|15:11}}; {{bibleverse||John|7:45}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|11:47}},{{bibleverse-nb||John|11:49}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|11:51}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|11:57}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:3}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:10}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:13}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:15-16}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:22}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:24}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:26}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|18:35}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|19:6}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|19:15}}, {{bibleverse-nb||John|19:21}}; {{bibleverse||Hebrews|2:17}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|3:1}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|4:14-15}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|5:1}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|5:5}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|5:10}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|6:20}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|7:26}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|8:1}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|8:3}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|9:7}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|9:11}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|9:25}}, {{bibleverse-nb||Hebrews|13:11}}</ref> The term came to be applied to any Christian [[bishop]],<ref name="New Advent - Pope">{{cite web| url=http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12260a.htm| last= | first= | title= Pope| accessdate=21 February 2010| work= Catholic Encyclopedia; New Advent}}</ref> but since the eleventh century commonly refers specifically to the Bishop of Rome, <ref>[http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Pontiff Dictionary definition]</ref> who is more strictly called the "Roman Pontiff". The use of the term to refer to bishops in general is reflected in the terms "[[Roman Pontifical]]" (a book containing rites reserved for bishops, such as [[confirmation]] and [[ordination]])<ref>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005</ref> and "pontificals" (the insignia of bishops).<ref>The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-180190-3), article ''pontificals''</ref>

The ''Annuario Pontificio'' lists as one of the official titles of the Pope that of "Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church" (in Latin, ''Summus Pontifex Ecclesiae Universalis'').<ref>Annuario Pontificio 2008 (Libreria Editrice Vaticana ISBN 978-88-209-8021-4), p. 23*</ref> He is also commonly called the Supreme Pontiff or the Sovereign Pontiff (in Latin, ''Summus Pontifex'').

''Pontifex Maximus'', similar in meaning to ''Summus Pontifex'', is a title commonly found in inscriptions on buildings, paintings, statues and coins of the Popes, usually abbreviated as "Pont. Max" or "P.M." The office of [[pontifex maximus]], or head of the [[college of pontiffs]], was held by [[Julius Caesar]] and thereafter by the Roman emperors until [[Gratian]] (375-383) relinquished it.<ref>[http://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Roman/Texts/secondary/SMIGRA*/Pontifex.html Pontifex Maximus] LacusCurtius retrieved 15 August 2006</ref><ref>"Gratian." Encyclopædia Britannica. 2008. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 3 February 2008 <http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9037772></ref><ref>[http://www.livius.org/pn-po/pontifex/maximus.html Pontifex Maximus] Livius.org article by Jona Lendering retrieved 15 August 2006</ref> [[Tertullian]], when he had become a [[Montanist]], used the title derisively of either the Pope or the [[episcopal see of Carthage|Bishop of Carthage]].<ref name=ODCC:PM/> The Popes began to use this title regularly only in the fifteenth century.<ref name=ODCC:PM>Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (Oxford University Press 2005 ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3), article ''Pontifex Maximus''</ref>

===Servant of the Servants of God===
The title "Servant of the Servants of God", although used by Church leaders including [[Augustine of Hippo|St. Augustine]] and [[St. Benedict]], was first used by [[Pope Gregory I|Pope St. Gregory the Great]] in his dispute with the Patriarch of Constantinople after the latter assumed the title "[[Ecumenical Patriarch]]". It was not reserved for the pope until the thirteenth century. The documents of the [[Second Vatican Council]] reinforced the understanding of this title as a reference to the pope's role as a function of collegial authority, in which the Bishop of Rome serves the world's bishops.

===Patriarch of the West===
From 1863 until 2005, the ''Annuario Pontificio'' included also the title "[[Patriarch]] of the West". This title was first used by [[Pope Theodore I]] in 642, and was only used occasionally. Indeed, it did not begin to appear in the pontifical yearbook until 1863. On 22 March 2006, the Vatican released a statement explaining this omission on the grounds of expressing a "historical and theological reality" and of "being useful to ecumenical dialogue". The title Patriarch of the West symbolized the pope's special relationship with, and jurisdiction over, the Latin Church—and the omission of the title neither symbolizes in any way a change in this relationship, nor distorts the relationship between the Holy See and the [[Eastern Churches]], as solemnly proclaimed by the Second Vatican Council.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/roman_curia/pontifical_councils/chrstuni/general-docs/rc_pc_chrstuni_doc_20060322_patriarca-occidente_fr.html |title=Communiqué concernant la suppression du titre «Patriarche d’Occident» dans l'Annuaire pontifical 2006 |publisher=Vatican.va |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref>

===Other titles===
Other titles commonly used are "His Holiness", "Holy Father". In [[Spanish language|Spanish]] and [[Italian language|Italian]], "''Beatísimo/Beatissimo Padre''" (Most Blessed Father) is often used in preference to "''Santísimo/Santissimo Padre''" (Most Holy Father). In the [[Middle Ages|medieval period]], "''Dominus Apostolicus''" ("the [[Saint Peter|Apostolic]] Lord") was also used.

===Signature===
As indicated above, a Pope normally signs documents using the title "Papa" in the abbreviated form "PP." and with the numeral, as in "Benedictus PP. XVI" (Pope Benedict XVI). Exceptions are [[papal bull|bulls]] of canonization and decrees of ecumenical councils, which the Pope signs with the formula, "Ego N. Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae", without the numeral, as in "Ego Paulus Episcopus Ecclesiae catholicae" (I, Paul, Bishop of the catholic/universal Church).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Curia_Romana |title=Classic Encyclopedia: ''Curia Romana'' |publisher=1911encyclopedia.org |date=2006-10-06 |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> The Pope's signature is followed, in bulls of canonization, by those of all the cardinals resident in Rome, and in decrees of ecumenical councils, by the signatures of the other bishops participating in the council, each signing as Bishop of a particular see.

[[Papal bull]]s are headed ''N. Episcopus [[Servus Servorum Dei]]'' ("Name, Bishop, Servant of the Servants of God"). In general, they are not signed by the Pope, but [[Pope John Paul II]] introduced in the mid-1980s the custom by which the Pope signs not only bulls of canonization but also, using his normal signature, such as "Benedictus PP. XVI", bulls of nomination of bishops.

==Residence and jurisdiction==
{{Template: Politics of the Holy See}}
[[File:433px-Pope Pius VII.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Pope Pius VII]], bishop of Rome, next to [[Cardinal (Catholicism)|Cardinal]] Caprara. The Pope wears the [[pallium]], a liturgical [[vestment]] that is used [[heraldry|heraldically]] at the foot of the coat of arms of [[Benedict XVI]].]]
The pope's [[cathedra|official seat]] or [[cathedral]] is the [[Basilica of St. John Lateran]], and his official residence is the [[Palace of the Vatican]]. He also possesses a summer residence at [[Castel Gandolfo]] (situated on the site of the ancient city of [[Alba Longa]]). Until the time of the [[Avignon Papacy]], the residence of the Pope was the [[Lateran Palace]], donated by the [[Roman Emperor]] [[Constantine I of the Roman Empire|Constantine the Great]].

The Pope's ecclesiastical jurisdiction (the [[Holy See]]) is distinct from his secular jurisdiction (Vatican City). It is the Holy See which conducts international relations; for hundreds of years, the papal court (the [[Roman Curia]]) has functioned as the government of the Catholic Church.

The names "Holy See" and "Apostolic See" are in ecclesiastical terminology the [[ordinary jurisdiction]] of the Bishop of Rome (including the Roman Curia); the pope's various honors, powers, and privileges within the Catholic Church and the international community derive from his Episcopate of Rome in lineal succession from the [[Twelve apostles|Apostle]] [[Saint Peter]] (see [[Apostolic Succession]]). Consequently, Rome has traditionally occupied a central position in the Catholic Church, although this is not necessarily so. The pope derives his pontificate from being Bishop of Rome but is not required to live there; according to the Latin formula ''ubi Papa, ibi Curia'', wherever the Pope resides is the central government of the Church, provided that the pope is Bishop of Rome. As such, between 1309 and 1378, the popes lived in [[Avignon]] (see [[Avignon Papacy]]), a period often called the [[Babylonian Captivity]] in allusion to the [[Bible|Biblical]] [[exile]] of [[Israel]].

Though the Pope is the diocesan Bishop of the [[Diocese of Rome]], he delegates most of the day-to-day work of leading the diocese to the [[Cardinal Vicar]], who assures direct episcopal oversight of the diocese's pastoral needs, not in his own name but in that of the Pope. The current Cardinal Vicar is [[Agostino Vallini]], who was appointed to the office in June 2008.

===International position===
Under international law, a serving [[head of state]] has [[sovereign immunity]] from the jurisdiction of the courts of other countries, though not from that of international tribunals.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.crimesofwar.org/onnews/news-darfur9.html |title=Anthony Dworkin and Katherine Iliopoulos, ''The International Criminal Court, Bashir, and the Immunity of Heads of State'' |publisher=Crimesofwar.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|last=Law |first=International |url=http://gabrielsawma.blogspot.com/2006_01_01_archive.html |title=Gabriel Sawma, ''The Immunity of Heads of State under International Law'' |publisher=Gabrielsawma.blogspot.com |date=2006-01-17 |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref><ref>[http://books.google.ie/books?id=fZNZ7r4hYL8C&dq=%22head+of+state%22+%22diplomatic+immunity%22&source=gbs_navlinks_s Yitiha Simbeye, ''Immunity and International Criminal Law''], p. 94</ref> This immunity is sometimes loosely referred to as "[[diplomatic immunity]]", which is, strictly speaking, the immunity enjoyed by the ''diplomatic representatives'' of a head of state.

The [[Holy See]], essentially the central government of the Roman Catholic Church, is in international law treated as the juridical equal of a state. It is distinct from the state of [[Vatican City]], existing for many centuries before the foundation of the latter. (It is common to see "Holy See", "Vatican/Vatican City", and even "Rome" used interchangeably, and incorrectly, in publications.) Most countries of the world maintain with the Holy See the same form of diplomatic relations that they entertain with other states. Even those countries with which relations at diplomatic level have not been established participate in international organizations of which the Holy See is a full member.

It is as head of the Holy See, not of Vatican City, that the [[U.S. Justice Department]] ruled that the Pope enjoys head-of-state immunity.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,169909,00.html |title=U.S. Says Pope Immune From Molestation Lawsuit, 2005 |publisher=Fox News |date=2005-09-20 |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> This head-of-state immunity, recognized by the United States, must be distinguished from that envisaged under the United States 1976 Foreign Sovereign Immunities Act, which, while recognizing the basic immunity of foreign governments from being sued in American courts, lays down nine exceptions, including commercial activity and actions in the United States by agents or employees of the foreign governments. It was in relation to the latter that, in November 2008, the [[United States Court of Appeals]] in [[Cincinnati]] decided that a case over [[Catholic sex abuse cases|sexual abuse by Catholic priests]] could proceed, provided the plaintiffs could prove that the bishops accused of negligent supervision were acting as employees or agents of the Holy See and were following official Holy See policy.<ref>{{cite web|last=Allen |first=John L |url=http://ncronline.org/news/autonomy-bishops-and-suing-vatican |title=The autonomy of bishops, and suing the Vatican}[http://www.sexualabuseclaimsblog.com/2008/11/vatican_can_be_sued_for_priest_sexual_abuse_us_court_of_appeals.html Vatican Can Be Sued For Priest Sexual Abuse: U.S. Court of Appeals, November 2008 |publisher=Ncronline.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref><ref>[http://www.wcpo.com/news/local/story/Vatican-Offers-3-Reasons-Its-Not-Liable-For-Abuse/cE1c175KyU-PAUuu_-8Oew.cspx NICOLE WINFIELD, Associated Press Writer: Vatican Offers 3 Reasons It's Not Liable For Abuse, 30 March 2010]</ref>

In April 2010 there was press coverage in Britain concerning a proposed plan by [[atheist]] campaigners and a prominent [[barrister]] to have Pope Benedict XVI arrested and prosecuted in the UK for alleged offences, dating from several decades before, in failing to take appropriate action regarding Catholic sex abuse cases and concerning their disputing his immunity from prosecution in that country.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article7094310.ece The Sunday Times newspaper: Richard Dawkins calls for arrest of Pope Benedict XVI on UK visit, 11 April 2010]{{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref> This was generally dismissed as "unrealistic and spurious".<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/faith/article7096506.ece The Times: Is the Holy See above the Law?]{{dead link|date=August 2010}}</ref> Another barrister said that it was a "matter of embarrassment that a senior British lawyer would want to allow himself to be associated with such a silly idea".<ref name=Zenit>[http://zenit.org/article-28914?l=english [[Zenit News Agency]], 15 April 2010: Arrest the Pope?]</ref>

==Regalia and insignia==
{{Main|Papal regalia and insignia}}
* "[[Papal Tiara|Triregnum]]", also called the "tiara" or "triple crown", represents the pope's three functions as "supreme pastor", "supreme teacher" and "supreme priest". Recent popes have not, however, worn the ''triregnum'', though it remains the symbol of the papacy and has not been abolished. In liturgical ceremonies Popes wear an episcopal [[mitre]] (an erect cloth hat).
* [[Pastoral Staff]] topped by a [[crucifix]], a custom established before the 13th century (see [[papal cross]]).
* [[Pallium]], or pall, a circular band of fabric worn around the neck over the [[chasuble]]. It forms a yoke about the neck, breast and shoulders and has two pendants hanging down in front and behind, and is ornamented with six crosses. Previously, the pallium worn by the pope was identical to those he granted to the [[primate (religion)|primates]], but in 2005 Pope Benedict XVI began to use a distinct papal pallium that is larger than the primatial, and was adorned with red crosses instead of black.
* "Keys to the Kingdom of Heaven", the image of two keys, one gold and one silver. The silver key symbolizes the power to bind and loose on Earth, and the gold key the power to bind and loose in Heaven.
* [[Ring of the Fisherman]], a gold ring decorated with a depiction of St. Peter in a boat casting his net, with the name of the reigning Pope around it.
* ''[[Umbraculum]]'' (better known in the Italian form ''ombrellino'') is a canopy or umbrella consisting of alternating red and gold stripes, which used to be carried above the pope in processions.
* ''[[Sedia gestatoria]]'', a mobile throne carried by twelve [[footmen]] (''palafrenieri'') in red uniforms, accompanied by two attendants bearing ''[[flabella]]'' (fans made of white ostrich feathers), and sometimes a large [[baldachin|canopy]], carried by eight attendants. The use of the ''flabella'' was discontinued by [[Pope John Paul I]]. The use of the ''sedia gestatoria'' was discontinued by [[Pope John Paul II]], being replaced by the so-called [[Popemobile]].
[[File:Holysee-arms.svg|thumb|left|The [[coat of arms]] of the Holy See. That of the State of Vatican City is the same except that the positions of the gold and silver keys are interchanged.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.fotw.net/flags/va).html |title=Vatican City (Holy See) - The Keys and Coat of Arms |publisher=Fotw.net |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref>]]
In [[heraldry]], each pope has his own [[Papal Coat of Arms]]. Though unique for each pope, the arms are always surmounted by the two keys in [[saltire]] (i.e., crossed over one another so as to form an ''X'') behind the [[Escutcheon (heraldry)|escutcheon]] (shield) (one silver key and one gold key, tied with a red cord), and above them a silver ''triregnum'' with three gold crowns and red ''infulae'' ([[lappet]]s—two strips of fabric hanging from the back of the triregnum which fall over the neck and shoulders when worn). This is [[blazon]]ed: "two keys in saltire or and argent, interlacing in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or"). With the recent election of [[Benedict XVI]] in 2005, his personal coat of arms eliminated the papal tiara; a [[mitre]] with three horizontal lines is used in its place, with the pallium, a papal symbol of authority more ancient than the tiara, the use of which is also granted to metropolitan [[archbishops]] as a sign of communion with the See of Rome, was added underneath of the shield. The distinctive feature of the crossed keys behind the shield was maintained. The omission of the tiara in the Pope's personal coat of arms, however, did not mean the disappearance of it from papal heraldry, since the coat of arms of the Holy See was kept unaltered.

The [[flag]] most frequently associated with the pope is the yellow and white [[flag of Vatican City]], with the arms of the Holy See (blazoned: "Gules, two keys in saltire or and argent, interlacing in the rings or, beneath a tiara argent, crowned or") on the right-hand side (the "fly") in the white half of the flag (the left-hand side—the "hoist"—is yellow). The pope's escucheon does not appear on the flag. This flag was first adopted in 1808, whereas the previous flag had been red and gold, the traditional colors of the papacy. Although Pope Benedict XVI replaced the triregnum with a mitre on his personal coat of arms, it has been retained on the flag.

==Status and authority==
{{Main|Primacy of the Roman Pontiff|Papal infallibility}}
[[File:Kruisheren uden bij paus pius xii Crosiers from Uden Holland with PiusXII.jpg|thumb|To maintain contacts with local clergymen and Catholic communities, the popes grant private audiences as well as public ones. Here the [[Canons Regular of the Holy Cross]] from [[Uden]] ([[Netherlands]]) are received by [[Pope Pius XII]].]]

===First Vatican Council===
The status and authority of the Pope in the Catholic Church was [[dogma]]tically [[dogmatic definition|defined]] by the [[First Vatican Council]] on 18 July 1870. In its Dogmatic Constitution of the Church of Christ, the Council established the following canons:<ref>The texts of these canons are given in [[Denzinger]], [http://catho.org/9.php?d=byj#dez Latin original;] [http://www.catecheticsonline.com/SourcesofDogma19.php English translation]</ref>

"If anyone says that the blessed Apostle Peter was not established by the Lord Christ as the chief of all the [[twelve apostles|apostles]], and the visible head of the whole militant Church, or, that the same received great honour but did not receive from the same our Lord Jesus Christ directly and immediately the primacy in true and proper jurisdiction: let him be [[anathema]].<ref>Denzinger 3055 (old numbering, 1823)</ref>

If anyone says that it is not from the institution of Christ the Lord Himself, or by divine right that the blessed Peter has perpetual successors in the primacy over the universal Church, or that the Roman Pontiff is not the successor of blessed Peter in the same primacy, let him be anathema.<ref>Denzinger 3058 (old numbering, 1825)</ref>

If anyone thus speaks, that the Roman Pontiff has only the office of inspection or direction, but not the full and supreme power of jurisdiction over the universal Church, not only in things which pertain to faith and morals, but also in those which pertain to the discipline and government of the Church spread over the whole world; or, that he possesses only the more important parts, but not the whole plenitude of this supreme power; or that this power of his is not ordinary and immediate, or over the churches altogether and individually, and over the pastors and the faithful altogether and individually: let him be anathema.<ref>Denzinger 3064 (old numbering, 1831)</ref>

We, adhering faithfully to the tradition received from the beginning of the Christian faith, to the glory of God, our Saviour, the elevation of the Catholic religion and the salvation of Christian peoples, with the approbation of the sacred Council, teach and explain that the dogma has been divinely revealed: that the Roman Pontiff, when he speaks ex cathedra, that is, when carrying out the duty of the pastor and teacher of all Christians by his supreme apostolic authority he defines a doctrine of faith or morals to be held by the universal Church, through the divine assistance promised him in blessed Peter, operates with that infallibility with which the divine Redeemer wished that His church be instructed in defining doctrine on faith and morals; and so such definitions of the Roman Pontiff from himself, but not from the consensus of the Church, are unalterable. But if anyone presumes to contradict this definition of Ours, which may God forbid: let him be anathema."<ref>Denzinger 3073–3075 (old numbering, 1839–1840</ref>

===Second Vatican Council===
[[File:GestatorialChair1.jpg|thumb|[[Pope Pius XII]], wearing the traditional 1877 [[Papal Tiara]], is carried through St Peter's Basilica on a [[sedia gestatoria]] circa 1955.]]
In its [[Lumen Gentium|Dogmatic Constitution on the Church]] (1964), the [[Second Vatican Council]] declared:

"Among the principal duties of bishops the preaching of the Gospel occupies an eminent place. For bishops are preachers of the faith, who lead new disciples to Christ, and they are authentic teachers, that is, teachers endowed with the authority of Christ, who preach to the people committed to them the faith they must believe and put into practice, and by the light of the Holy Spirit illustrate that faith. They bring forth from the treasury of Revelation new things and old, making it bear fruit and vigilantly warding off any errors that threaten their flock. Bishops, teaching in communion with the Roman Pontiff, are to be respected by all as witnesses to divine and Catholic truth. In matters of faith and morals, the bishops speak in the name of Christ and the faithful are to accept their teaching and adhere to it with a religious assent. This religious submission of mind and will must be shown in a special way to the authentic magisterium of the Roman Pontiff, even when he is not speaking ex cathedra; that is, it must be shown so that his supreme magisterium is acknowledged with reverence, the judgments made by him are sincerely adhered to, according to his manifest mind and will. His mind and will in the matter may be known either from the character of the documents, from his frequent repetition of the same doctrine, or from his manner of speaking.

... this infallibility with which the Divine Redeemer willed His Church to be endowed in defining doctrine of faith and morals, extends as far as the deposit of Revelation extends, which must be religiously guarded and faithfully expounded. And this is the infallibility which the Roman Pontiff, the head of the college of bishops, enjoys in virtue of his office, when, as the supreme shepherd and teacher of all the faithful, who confirms his brethren in their faith, by a definitive act he proclaims a doctrine of faith or morals. And therefore his definitions, of themselves, and not from the consent of the Church, are justly styled irreformable, since they are pronounced with the assistance of the Holy Spirit, promised to him in blessed Peter, and therefore they need no approval of others, nor do they allow an appeal to any other judgment. For then the Roman Pontiff is not pronouncing judgment as a private person, but as the supreme teacher of the universal Church, in whom the charism of infallibility of the Church itself is individually present, he is expounding or defending a doctrine of Catholic faith. The infallibility promised to the Church resides also in the body of Bishops, when that body exercises the supreme magisterium with the successor of Peter. To these definitions the assent of the Church can never be wanting, on account of the activity of that same Holy Spirit, by which the whole flock of Christ is preserved and progresses in unity of faith."<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vatican.va/archive/hist_councils/ii_vatican_council/documents/vat-ii_const_19641121_lumen-gentium_en.html |title=''Lumen gentium'', 25 |publisher=Vatican.va |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref>

==Political role==
{{Main|Politics of the Vatican City}}
{{Infobox sovereignofvatican
|body = Sovereign of the State of the Vatican City
|insignia = Coat of arms of the Vatican City.svg
|insigniasize = 120px
|insigniacaption = Coat of Arms of the Vatican
|image = BentoXVI-28-10052007.jpg
|incumbent = [[Pope Benedict XVI|Benedict XVI]]
|style = [[His Holiness]]
|residence = [[Papal Palace]]
|firstsovereign = [[Pope Pius XI]]
|formation = 11 February 1929
|website = http://www.va
}}
[[File:PapalPolitics2.JPG|left|thumb|''Antichristus'', a woodcut by Lucas Cranach of the pope using the temporal power to grant authority to a generously contributing ruler]]

Though the progressive [[Christianization|Christianisation]] of the [[Roman Empire]] in the fourth century did not confer upon bishops civil authority within the state, the gradual withdrawal of imperial authority during the fifth century left the pope the senior imperial civilian official in Rome, as bishops were increasingly directing civil affairs in other cities of the Western Empire. This status as a secular and civil ruler was vividly displayed by [[Pope Leo I]]'s confrontation with [[Attila]] in 452. The first expansion of papal rule outside of Rome came in 728 with the [[Donation of Sutri]], which in turn was substantially increased in 754, when the [[Frankish people|Frankish]] ruler [[Pippin the Younger]] gave to the pope the land from his conquest of the [[Lombards]]. The pope may have utilized the forged [[Donation of Constantine]] to gain this land, which formed the core of the [[Papal States]]. This document, accepted as genuine until the 1400s, states that [[Constantine I]] placed the entire Western Empire of Rome under papal rule. In 800 [[Pope Leo III]] [[coronation|crowned]] the Frankish ruler [[Charlemagne]] as [[Roman Emperor]], a major step toward establishing what later became known as the [[Holy Roman Empire]]; from that date onward the popes claimed the prerogative to crown the Emperor, though the right fell into disuse after the coronation of [[Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor|Charles V]] in 1530. [[Pope Pius VII]] was present at the coronation of [[Napoleon I]] in 1804, but did not actually perform the crowning. As mentioned above, the pope's sovereignty over the Papal States ended in 1870 with their annexation by [[Italy]].

Popes like [[Pope Alexander VI|Alexander VI]], an ambitious if spectacularly corrupt politician, and [[Pope Julius II]], a formidable general and statesman, were not afraid to use power to achieve their own ends, which included increasing the power of the papacy. This political and temporal authority was demonstrated through the papal role in the Holy Roman Empire (especially prominent during periods of contention with the Emperors, such as during the Pontificates of [[Pope Gregory VII]] and [[Pope Alexander III]]). [[Papal bull]]s, [[Interdict (Roman Catholic Church)|interdict]], and [[excommunication]] (or the threat thereof) have been used many times to increase papal power. The Bull ''[[Laudabiliter]]'' in 1155 authorized [[Henry II of England]] to invade [[Ireland]]. In 1207, [[Innocent III]] placed England under interdict until [[John of England|King John]] made his kingdom a [[fiefdom]] to the Pope, complete with yearly [[tribute]], saying, "we offer and freely yield...to our lord Pope Innocent III and his catholic successors, the whole kingdom of England and the whole kingdom of Ireland with all their rights and appurtenences for the remission of our sins".<ref>Quoted from the [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/innIII-policies.html Medieval Sourcebook]</ref> The Bull ''[[Inter caetera]]'' in 1493 led to the [[Treaty of Tordesillas]] in 1494, which divided the world into areas of [[Spain|Spanish]] and [[Portugal|Portuguese]] rule. The Bull ''[[Regnans in Excelsis]]'' in 1570 excommunicated [[Elizabeth I of England]] and declared that all her subjects were released from all allegiance to her. The Bull ''[[Inter Gravissimas]]'' in 1582 established the [[Gregorian Calendar]].<ref>See [http://tera-3.ul.cs.cmu.edu/cgi-bin/getImage.pl?target=/data/www/NASD/4a7f1db4-5792-415c-be79-266f41eef20a/009/499/PTIFF/00000673.tif&rs=2 selection from ''Concordia Cyclopedia'': Roman Catholic Church, History of]</ref>

==Objections to the papacy==
[[File:Antichrist1.jpg|thumb|''Antichristus'', by [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]], from Luther's 1521 ''Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist''. The Pope is signing and selling [[indulgence]]s.]]

The Pope's claim to authority is either disputed or not recognised at all by other churches. The reasons for these objections differ from denomination to denomination.

===Orthodox, Anglican and Old Catholic churches===
Some Christian churches ([[Assyrian Church of the East]], the [[Oriental Orthodoxy|Oriental Orthodox Church]], the [[Eastern Orthodox Church]], the [[Old Catholic Church]], the [[Anglican Communion]], the [[Independent Catholic Churches]], etc.) accept the doctrine of [[Apostolic Succession]] and, to varying extents, papal claims to a primacy of honour while generally rejecting that the pope is the successor to Peter in any unique sense not true of any other bishop. Primacy is regarded as a consequence of the pope's position as bishop of the original capital city of the [[Roman Empire]], a definition explicitly spelled out in the 28th [[canon law|canon]] of the [[Council of Chalcedon]]. These churches see no foundation to papal claims of ''universal immediate jurisdiction'', or to claims of [[papal infallibility]]. Several of these churches refer to such claims as ''[[ultramontanism]]''.

===Protestant denominations===
{{Main|Historicism (Christian eschatology)}}
Many Christian denominations reject the claims of [[Primacy of Simon Peter|Petrine primacy]] of honor, Petrine primacy of jurisdiction, and papal infallibility. These denominations vary from simply not accepting the Pope's claim to authority as legitimate and valid, to believing that the Pope is the [[Antichrist]]<ref>'Therefore on the basis of a renewed study of the pertinent Scriptures we reaffirm the statement of the Lutheran Confessions, that “the Pope is the very Antichrist”' from [http://www.wels.net/cgi-bin/site.pl?2617&collectionID=795&contentID=4441&shortcutID=5297 Statement on the Antichrist], from the [[Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod]], also [http://www.ianpaisley.org/antichrist.asp The Pope is the Antichrist]</ref> from [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20John%202:18;&version=9; 1 John 2:18],<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lcms.org/pages/internal.asp?NavID=579 |title=Brief Statment |publisher=Lcms.org |date= |accessdate=2010-08-11}}</ref> the [[Man of Sin]] from [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Thessalonians%202:3-12&version=9 2 Thessalonians 2:3-12],<ref>See Kretzmann's [http://www.kretzmannproject.org/EP_MINOR/2TH_2.htm ''Popular Commentary''], 2 Thessalonians chapter two and [http://www.wlsessays.net/authors/IJ/JeskeThessalonians/JeskeThessalonians.PDF An Exegesis of 2 Thessalonians 2:1-10] by Mark Jeske</ref> and the [[The Beast (Bible)|Beast out of the Earth]] from [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Revelation%2013:11-18;&version=9; Revelation 13:11-18].<ref>See See Kretzmann's [http://www.kretzmannproject.org/REV/REV_13.htm ''Popular Commentary''], Revelation Chapter 13</ref> The sweeping rejection includes some denominations of Lutherans: [[Confessional Lutheran]]s hold that the pope is the Antichrist, stating that this article of faith is part of a ''quia'' rather than ''quatenus'' subscription to the [[Book of Concord]]. In 1932, the [[Lutheran Church - Missouri Synod]] (LCMS) adopted ''A Brief Statement of the Doctrinal Position of the Missouri Synod'', which a number of Lutheran church bodies now hold.<ref>The [[Lutheran Churches of the Reformation]][http://www.lcrusa.org/brief_statement.htm], the [[Concordia Lutheran Conference]][http://www.concordialutheranconf.com/clc/doctrine/brief_1932.cfm], the [[Church of the Lutheran Confession]][http://clclutheran.org/library/BriefStatement.html], and the Illinois Lutheran Conference [http://www.illinoislutheranconference.org/our-solid-foundation/doctrinal-position-of-the-ilc.lwp/odyframe.htm] all hold to ''Brief Statement'', which the LCMS adopted in 1932 and places in the [http://www.lcms.org/pages/internal.asp?NavID=579 LCMS.org website]</ref> Statement 43, ''Of the Antichrist'':<ref>Online at [http://www.lcms.org/pages/internal.asp?NavID=579 Of the Antichrist]</ref>

[[File:ChristWashingFeet.JPG|thumb|''Christus'', by Lucas Cranach. This woodcut of John 13:14–17 is from ''Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist''. Cranach shows Jesus kissing Peter's foot during the footwashing. This stands in contrast to the opposing woodcut, where the Pope demands others kiss his feet.]]
[[File:PopeKissing Feet.JPG|thumb|left|''Antichristus'', by the Lutheran [[Lucas Cranach the Elder]]. This woodcut of the traditional practice of kissing the Pope's toe is from ''Passionary of the Christ and Antichrist''. The two fingers the Pope is holding up symbolizes his claim to be the Church's substitute for Christ's earthly presence.]]

<blockquote>43. As to the Antichrist we teach that the prophecies of the Holy Scriptures concerning the Antichrist, [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Thess.%202:3-12&version=9 2 Thess. 2:3-12];[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1%20John%202:18;&version=9; 1 John 2:18], have been fulfilled in the Pope of Rome and his dominion. All the features of the Antichrist as drawn in these prophecies, including the most abominable and horrible ones, for example, that the Antichrist "as God sitteth in the temple of God," [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2%20Thess.%202:4;&version=9; 2 Thess. 2:4]; that he anathematizes the very heart of the Gospel of Christ, that is, the doctrine of the forgiveness of sins by grace alone, for Christ's sake alone, through faith alone, without any merit or worthiness in man ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Rom.%203:20-28;&version=9; Rom. 3:20-28]; [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Gal.%202:16;&version=9; Gal. 2:16]); that he recognizes only those as members of the Christian Church who bow to his authority; and that, like a deluge, he had inundated the whole Church with his antichristian doctrines till God revealed him through the Reformation—these very features are the outstanding characteristics of the Papacy. (Cf. [http://www.bookofconcord.com/smalcald.html#article4 Smalcald Articles, Triglot, p. 515, Paragraphs 39-41; p. 401, Paragraph 45; M. pp. 336, 258.]) Hence we subscribe to the statement of our Confessions that the Pope is "the very Antichrist." ([http://www.bookofconcord.com/smalcald.html#article4 Smalcald Articles, Triglot, p. 475, Paragraph 10; M., p. 308.])</blockquote>

The claim of temporal power over all secular governments, including territorial claims in Italy, raises objection.<ref>See the [http://books.google.com/books?id=Zr3lGJei6fkC&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_summary_r#PPA168,M1 Baltimore Catechism] on the temporal power of the pope over governments and Innocent III's [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/innIII-policies.html Letter to the prefect Acerbius and the nobles of Tuscany]. For objection to this, see the [http://www.archive.org/details/concordiacyclope009499mbp Concordia Cyclopedia], p.564 and 750</ref> The papacy's complex relationship with secular states such as the [[Roman Empire|Roman]] and [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] Empires are also objections. Some disapprove of the autocratic character of the papal office.<ref>See Luther, [http://www.bookofconcord.com/smalcald.html#article4 Smalcald Articles, Article four]</ref> In [[Western Christianity]] these objections both contributed to and are products of the [[Protestant Reformation]].

==Antipopes==
{{Main|Antipope|Western Schism}}
Groups sometimes form around [[antipope]]s, who claim the Pontificate without being canonically and properly elected to it.

Traditionally, this term was reserved for claimants with a significant following of cardinals or other clergy. The existence of an antipope is usually due either to doctrinal controversy within the Church ([[heresy]]) or to confusion as to who is the legitimate pope at the time (see schism). Briefly in the 1400s, three separate lines of Popes claimed authenticity (see [[Western Schism|Papal Schism]]). Even Catholics don't all agree whether certain historical figures were Popes or antipopes. Though antipope movements were significant at one time, they are now overwhelmingly minor fringe causes.

==Other popes==
In the earlier centuries of Christianity, the title "Pope," meaning "father," had been used by all bishops. Some popes used the term and others didn't. Eventually, the title became associated especially with the Bishop of Rome. In a few cases, the term is used for other Christian clerical authorities.

===In the Roman Catholic Church===
The "Black Pope" is a name that was popularly, but unofficially, given to the [[Superior General of the Society of Jesus]] due to the [[Society of Jesus|Jesuits']] importance within the Church. This name, based on the black colour of his cassock, was used to suggest a parallel between him and the "White Pope" (since the time of [[Pope Pius V]] the Popes dress in white) and the Cardinal Prefect of the [[Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples]] (formerly called the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith), whose red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the "Red Pope" in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic. In the present time this cardinal has power over mission territories for Catholicism, essentially the Churches of Africa and Asia,<ref name = "Magister">[http://www.chiesa.espressonline.it/dettaglio.jsp?id=7049&eng=ylink Sandro Magister], Espresso Online.</ref> but in the past his competence extended also to all lands where [[Protestantism|Protestants]] or [[Eastern Christianity]] was dominant. Some remnants of this situation remain, with the result that, for instance, [[New Zealand]] is still in the care of this Congregation.

===In the Eastern Churches===
Since the papacy of [[Heraclas]] in the third century, the [[Metropolitan Archbishop|Bishop]] of the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Alexandria]] in both the [[Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] and the [[Greek Orthodox Church of Alexandria]] continue to be called "Pope", the former being called "Coptic Pope" or, more properly, "[[Pope of the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria|Pope and Patriarch of All Africa on the Holy Orthodox and Apostolic Throne of Saint Mark the Evangelist and Holy Apostle]]" and the last called "[[Greek Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria|Pope and Patriarch of Alexandria and All Africa]]".

In the [[Bulgarian Orthodox Church]], [[Russian Orthodox Church]] and [[Serbian Orthodox Church]], it is not unusual for a village priest to be called a "pope" ("поп" ''pop''). However, this should be differentiated from the words used for the head of the Catholic Church (Bulgarian "папа" ''papa'', Russian "папа римский" ''papa rimskiy'').

== Longest-reigning popes ==
{{See also|List of popes by length of reign}}
[[File:Popepiusix.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Pope Pius IX]], excluding Saint Peter, the longest-reigning pope]]
[[File:urban3355.jpg|thumb|upright|[[Pope Urban VII]], the shortest-reigning pope]]

Although the average reign of the pope from the [[Middle Ages]] was a decade, a number of those whose reign lengths can be determined from contemporary historical data are the following:
# [[Pope Pius IX|Pius IX]] (1846–1878): 31 years, 7 months and 23 days (11,560 days).
# [[Pope John Paul II|John Paul II]] (1978–2005): 26 years, 5 months and 18 days (9,665 days).
# [[Pope Leo XIII|Leo XIII]] (1878–1903): 25 years, 5 months and 1 day (9,281 days).
# [[Pope Pius VI|Pius VI]] (1775–1799): 24 years, 6 months and 15 days (8,962 days).
# [[Pope Adrian I|Adrian I]] (772–795): 23 years, 10 months and 25 days (8,729 days).
# [[Pope Pius VII|Pius VII]] (1800–1823): 23 years, 5 months and 7 days (8,560 days).
# [[Pope Alexander III|Alexander III]] (1159–1181): 21 years, 11 months and 24 days (8,029 days).
# [[Pope Sylvester I|St. Sylvester I]] (314–335): 21 years, 11 months and 1 day (8,005 days).
# [[Pope Leo I|St. Leo I]] (440–461): 21 years, 1 month, and 13 days. (7,713 days).
# [[Pope Urban VIII|Urban VIII]] (1623–1644): 20 years, 11 months and 24 days (7,664 days).

[[Saint Peter]] is thought to have reigned for over thirty years (AD 29 – 64?/67?), but the exact length is not reliably known.

== Shortest-reigning popes ==

Conversely, there have been a number of popes whose reign lasted less than a month. In the following list the number of calendar days includes partial days. Thus, for example, if a pope's reign commenced on 1 August and he died on 2 August, this would count as having reigned for two calendar days.
#[[Pope Urban VII|Urban VII]] (15–27 September 1590): reigned for 13 calendar days, died before [[consecration]].
#[[Pope Boniface VI|Boniface VI]] (April 896): reigned for 16 calendar days
#[[Pope Celestine IV|Celestine IV]] (25 October – 10 November 1241): reigned for 17 calendar days, died before [[consecration]].
#[[Pope Theodore II|Theodore II]] (December 897): reigned for 20 calendar days
#[[Pope Sisinnius|Sisinnius]] (15 January – 4 February 708): reigned for 21 calendar days
#[[Pope Marcellus II|Marcellus II]] (9 April – 1 May 1555): reigned for 22 calendar days
#[[Pope Damasus II|Damasus II]] (17 July – 9 August 1048): reigned for 24 calendar days
#[[Pope Pius III|Pius III]] (22 September – 18 October 1503): reigned for 27 calendar days
#[[Pope Leo XI|Leo XI]] (1–27 April 1605): reigned for 27 calendar days
#[[Pope Benedict V|Benedict V]] (22 May – 23 June 964): reigned for 33 calendar days, [[Pope John Paul I|John Paul I]] (26 August – 28 September 1978): reigned for 33 calendar days.

Note: [[Pope-elect Stephen|Stephen]] (23 March – 26 March 752), died of [[apoplexy]] three days after his election, and before his [[consecration]] as a bishop. He is not recognized as a valid Pope, but was added to the lists of popes in the fifteenth century as ''Stephen II'', causing difficulties in enumerating later Popes named Stephen. He was removed in 1961 from the [[Vatican City|Vatican's]] [[List of Popes|list]] (see "[[Pope-elect Stephen]]" for detailed explanation).

==See also==
{{Col-begin}}
{{Col-3}}
* [[Caesaropapism]]
* [[History of the Papacy]]
* [[Investiture Controversy]]
* [[Leaders of Christianity]]
* [[Legends surrounding the Papacy]]
* [[List of African popes]]
* [[List of canonised popes]]
* [[List of French popes]]
* [[List of German popes]]
* [[List of names of popes]]
{{Col-3}}
* [[List of popes]]
* [[List of popes by length of reign]]
* [[List of popes (graphical)]]
* [[Papal Coronation]]
* [[Papal Inauguration]]
* [[Papal regalia and insignia]]
* [[Papal Slippers]]
* [[Pontiff]]
* [[Prophecy of the Popes]]
* [[Sedevacantism]]
{{Col-3}}
{{Portal box|Christianity|Catholicism| Pope }}
{{Col-end}}

==Notes==
{{Reflist|2}}

==References==
{{Refbegin}}
* {{cite book|title=One Faith, One Lord: A Study of Basic Catholic Belief|last=Barry|first=Rev. Msgr. John F|year=2001|[[Nihil obstat]], [[Imprimatur]]|publisher=Gerard F. Baumbach, Ed.D|isbn=0-8215-2207-8|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=A Concise History of the Catholic Church|last=Bokenkotter|first=Thomas|year=2004|publisher=Doubleday|isbn=0385505841|ref=harv}}
* {{cite encyclopedia|last=Chadwick|first=Henry|authorlink=Henry Chadwick (theologian)|editor=John McManners|encyclopedia=The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity|title=The Early Christian Community|year=1990|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=0198229283|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=Saints and Sinners, a History of the Popes|last=Duffy|first=Eamon|authorlink=Eamon Duffy|year=1997|publisher=Yale University Press|isbn=0-3000-7332-1|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|last=Franzen|first=August|coauthors=John Dolan|title=A History of the Church|publisher=Herder and Herder|year=1969|ref=harv}}
* Hartmann Grisar (1845–1932), ''History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages'', AMS Press; Reprint edition (1912). ISBN 0-404-09370-1
* {{cite book|last=Kelly|first=J. N.|title=Oxford Dictionary of the Popes|year=1986|publisher=Prentice Hall|isbn=9780191909351|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=The Catholic Church: A Short History|last=Kung|first=Hans|authorlink=Hans Kung|year=2003|publisher=Random House|isbn=9780812967623|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book |author=Loomis, Louise Ropes |title=The Book of the Popes (Liber Pontificalis): To the Pontificate of Gregory I |location=[[Evolution Publishing]] |publisher=[[Merchantville, NJ]] |year=2006 |isbn=1-889758-86-8}}. Reprint of an English translation originally published in 1916.
* [[Ludwig von Pastor]], ''History of the Popes from the Close of the Middle Ages; Drawn from the [[Vatican Secret Archives|Secret Archives of the Vatican]] and other original sources'', 40 vols. St. Louis, B. Herder 1898 – ([http://www.worldcatlibraries.org/wcpa/ow/b92040657d7c02f6.html World Cat entry])
* {{cite book|last=Noble|first=Thomas|coauthors=Strauss, Barry|title=Western Civilization|year=2005|publisher=Houghton Mifflin Company|isbn=0618432779|ref=harv}}
* {{cite book|title=A Short History of the Catholic Church|last=Orlandis|first=Jose|authorlink=Jose Orlandis|year=1993|publisher=Scepter Publishers|isbn=1851821252|ref=harv}}
* [[James Joseph Walsh]], [http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC22760194&id=B-cQAAAAIAAJ&printsec=titlepage&dq=%22popes+and+science%22 ''The Popes and Science; the History of the Papal Relations to Science During the Middle Ages and Down to Our Own Time''], Fordam University Press, 1908, reprinted 2003, Kessinger Publishing. ISBN 0-7661-3646-9
{{Refend}}

==Further reading==
* Brusher, Joseph H. ''Popes Through The Ages''. Princeton: D. Van Nostland Company, Inc., 1959.
* Chamberlin, E.R. ''The Bad Popes''. 1969. Reprint: Barnes and Noble, 1993. ISBN 978-0-88029-116-3.
* Dollison, John ''Pope-pourri''. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1994. ISBN 978-0-671-88615-8.
* Kelly, J.N.D. ''The Oxford Dictionary of Popes''. Oxford: University Press, 1986. ISBN 0-19-213964-9.
* Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. ''Chronicle of the Popes: The Reign-by-Reign Record of the Papacy from St. Peter to the Present; with 308 Illustrations, 105 in Color''. London: Thames and Hudson, 1997. ISBN 0-500-01798-0.
<references group="nb" />

==External links==
{{Commons}}
* [http://www.apostleshipofprayer.org/2008.html The Holy Father's 2008 Prayer Intentions]
* [http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/12260a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia entry]
* [http://kolonisera.rymden.nu/pope/popes.php?l=1 Pope Endurance League - Sortable list of Popes]
* [http://www.wlsessays.net/subjects/R/rsubind.htm#RomanCCPapacy Scholarly articles on the Roman Catholic Papacy from the Wisconsin Lutheran Seminary Library]
* [http://www.documentacatholicaomnia.eu/01_01_Magisterium_Paparum.html Data Base of more than 23,000 documents of the Popes in latin and modern languages]
* [http://www.vatican.va/holy_father/index.htm The Holy See - The Holy Father]—website for the past and present Holy Fathers (since [[Pope Leo XIII]])
* [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/441722/papacy "papacy."] Encyclopædia Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online
{{Popes}}
{{Papal symbols and ceremonial}}
{{Vatican City topics}}
{{Catholicism}}
{{Christianityfooter}}
[[Category:Ecclesiastical titles]]
[[Category:Episcopacy in Roman Catholicism]]
[[Category:Holy See| ]]
[[Category:Popes| ]]
[[Category:Religious leadership roles]]

{{Link FA|ml}}
{{Link FA|hr}}
{{Link FA|fi}}

[[af:Pous]]
[[als:Papst]]
[[ang:Pāpa]]
[[ar:بابوية كاثوليكية]]
[[an:Papa]]
[[roa-rup:Papa]]
[[ast:Papa]]
[[az:Papa]]
[[bn:পোপ]]
[[zh-min-nan:Kàu-chong]]
[[be-x-old:Папа]]
[[bar:Papst]]
[[bs:Papa]]
[[br:Pab]]
[[bg:Папа]]
[[ca:Papa]]
[[cv:Рим паппи]]
[[ceb:Papa]]
[[cs:Papež]]
[[cy:Pab]]
[[da:Pave]]
[[pdc:Baapscht]]
[[de:Papst]]
[[et:Paavst]]
[[el:Πάπας]]
[[eml:Papa]]
[[es:Papa]]
[[eo:Papo]]
[[eu:Aita Santua]]
[[fa:پاپ]]
[[fr:Pape]]
[[fy:Paus]]
[[ga:Pápa]]
[[gd:Pàp]]
[[gl:Papa]]
[[ko:교황]]
[[hy:Հռոմի Պապ]]
[[hi:पोप]]
[[hr:Papa]]
[[io:Papo]]
[[id:Paus (Katolik Roma)]]
[[ia:Papa]]
[[ie:Pápa]]
[[is:Páfi]]
[[it:Papa]]
[[he:אפיפיור]]
[[jv:Paus]]
[[kn:ಪೋಪ್]]
[[ka:რომის პაპი]]
[[kw:Pab]]
[[sw:Papa]]
[[ku:Papa]]
[[la:Papa]]
[[lv:Romas pāvests]]
[[lb:Poopst]]
[[lt:Popiežius]]
[[li:Paus]]
[[ln:Pápa]]
[[lmo:Papa]]
[[hu:Pápa (egyházfő)]]
[[mk:Папа]]
[[ml:മാർപ്പാപ്പ]]
[[mr:पोप]]
[[arz:بابا الفاتيكان]]
[[ms:Paus (Katolik)]]
[[mwl:Papa]]
[[nah:Huēyiteōpixcātlahtoāni]]
[[nl:Paus]]
[[nds-nl:Paus]]
[[ja:教皇]]
[[nap:Papa]]
[[no:Pave]]
[[nn:Pave]]
[[nrm:Pape]]
[[tpi:Pop]]
[[nds:Paapst]]
[[pl:Papież]]
[[pt:Papa]]
[[ro:Papă]]
[[qu:Tayta Papa]]
[[ru:Папство]]
[[sc:Paba]]
[[sco:Pape]]
[[sq:Papa]]
[[scn:Papa]]
[[simple:Pope]]
[[sk:Pápež]]
[[sl:Papež]]
[[szl:Papjyż]]
[[sr:Папа]]
[[sh:Papa]]
[[fi:Paavi]]
[[sv:Påve]]
[[tl:Papa]]
[[ta:திருத்தந்தை]]
[[te:పోప్]]
[[th:พระสันตะปาปา]]
[[tr:Papa]]
[[uk:Папа Римський]]
[[ur:پوپ]]
[[vec:Papa]]
[[vi:Giáo hoàng]]
[[fiu-vro:Paast (Rooma)]]
[[wa:Påpe]]
[[vls:Paus]]
[[war:Papa]]
[[yi:פויבסט]]
[[yo:Pópù]]
[[zh-yue:教宗]]
[[bat-smg:Puopėžios]]
[[zh:教宗]]

Ampleforth College

2010-06-26T20:28:39Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 370039810 by Kintetsubuffalo (talk) rv good faith edit - no problem with redlink articles here.

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]], is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]].{{Fact|date=April 2010}} It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-05-12T21:33:57Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 361532260 by 81.156.133.75 (talk) rv unexplained IP blanking of sourced material

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]], is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]].{{Fact|date=April 2010}} It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T23:03:20Z

Springnuts: /* Religious life */ tidy

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a boys choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T23:02:25Z

Springnuts: /* School life */ tidy

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school the college is now fully co-educational. In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T23:01:39Z

Springnuts: /* Education */ rm unref'd puffery

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T23:00:49Z

Springnuts: /* Education */ rm unref'd trivia

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:58:45Z

Springnuts: /* Education */ add benedictine ethos

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world;<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref> within a context where the "Benedictine ethos permeates pupils’ experience".<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/school-development-plan/school-development-plan-explored-further/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:53:40Z

Springnuts: /* School life */ OFSTED outstanding judgement

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world.<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

In 2009 an OFSTED Social Care report said that the overall quality of care was outstanding.<ref>http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/oxcare_reports/download/(id)/217654/(as)/SC007916_SC.pdf</ref>

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:51:42Z

Springnuts: /* School life */ rm unref'd stuff

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world.<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:47:18Z

Springnuts: /* Education */ sp

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achievements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world.<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:47:00Z

Springnuts: /* Education */ replace main aim from source

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The school's primary concern is to provide pupils with not just academic sporting and other achivements, but also "a spiritual compass for life": moral principles to give guidance in a secular world.<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/an-introduction-from-the-headmaster/</ref>

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:40:54Z

Springnuts: /* External links */ put school official site first

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:38:38Z

Springnuts: /* Situation */ forests are big!

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with sports pitches, wooded areas and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:37:26Z

Springnuts: Move detail to body of article

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice, pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref><ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref>

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:31:12Z

Springnuts: /* Politics, law and business */ rm non-notable alumnus

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:30:14Z

Springnuts: /* Arts and entertainment */ rm non-notable alumnus

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:29:04Z

Springnuts: rm unreferenced info

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]]. The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:25:37Z

Springnuts: Move detail to new section

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Situation==

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:22:53Z

Springnuts: format

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff<ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref> of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:22:19Z

Springnuts: move detail to the body of the article

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff <ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref>of [[Ampleforth Abbey]].

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

The monks at the Abbey belong to the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster. Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, with another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth. As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:20:30Z

Springnuts: monks and lay staff

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s and lay staff <ref>http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/the-school/our-mission/</ref>of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:17:38Z

Springnuts: simplify

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:16:55Z

Springnuts: simplify and rm confusing detail of other schools

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]]. It first opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-12T22:12:22Z

Springnuts: /* Sport */ rm unreferenced speculation

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' is a school in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]]. The largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]], it is otherwise known as SHAC by the pupils and it is occasionally referred to as the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]", a sobriquet also attached at different times to Beaumont (no longer open) and [[Stonyhurst College]] (both [[Jesuit]] schools) and which was [[Cardinal Newman]]'s aim in founding the [[The Oratory School|Oratory School]] as an alternative to junior seminaries and monastic schools. It first opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|250px|St Thomas's House.]]

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|250px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the air.]]
Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-08T09:58:42Z

Springnuts: Layout

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]], is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]], it is otherwise known as SHAC by the pupils and it is occasionally referred to as the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]", a sobriquet also attached at different times to Beaumont (no longer open) and [[Stonyhurst College]] (both [[Jesuit]] schools) and which was [[Cardinal Newman]]'s aim in founding the [[The Oratory School|Oratory School]] as an alternative to junior seminaries and monastic schools. It first opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|320px|St Thomas's House]]

The school also sports a large wall to the south of the Abbey, popularly known as "the Ballplace". It is approximately 10 m tall by 15 m wide and constructed from local sandstone. It is speculated that the wall was constructed to play an Amplefordian version of [[Fives]]; the exact nature of this game and its equipment was unearthed in a marginal doodle in a book in the monastic library by Dr Galliver, a school history master, in the 1990s. Nowadays it is often used by members of the school to brush up on their tennis skills, and by the cadet corps for drill.

==Sexual abuse==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the Air]]Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref>

==Press coverage==

The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref> A 2003 TV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking and some abuse of alcohol.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were found by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-08T09:39:16Z

Springnuts: /* Press coverage */ improve summary

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]], is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]], it is otherwise known as SHAC by the pupils and it is occasionally referred to as the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]", a sobriquet also attached at different times to Beaumont (no longer open) and [[Stonyhurst College]] (both [[Jesuit]] schools) and which was [[Cardinal Newman]]'s aim in founding the [[The Oratory School|Oratory School]] as an alternative to junior seminaries and monastic schools. It first opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

{{-}}

{{TOCnestright}}

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|320px|St Thomas's House]]

The school also sports a large wall to the south of the Abbey, popularly known as "the Ballplace". It is approximately 10 m tall by 15 m wide and constructed from local sandstone. It is speculated that the wall was constructed to play an Amplefordian version of [[Fives]]; the exact nature of this game and its equipment was unearthed in a marginal doodle in a book in the monastic library by Dr Galliver, a school history master, in the 1990s. Nowadays it is often used by members of the school to brush up on their tennis skills, and by the cadet corps for drill.

==Press coverage==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the Air]]Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff molested children in their care over several decades. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref> Around the same time, it was indicted as having taken part in a cartel of [[price fixing]] amongst public schools.<ref>[http://education.guardian.co.uk/publicschools/story/0,,1638934,00.html Top 50 independent schools found guilty of price-fixing to push up fees], The Guardian, 10 November 2005.</ref> The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem due to its location (and lack of nearby entertainment) and the relative affluence of the children who attend.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref>{{Or|date=January 2008}}

The school was the subject of a light-hearted ITV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] shown in 2003 and entitled ''Ampleforth: My Teacher's A Monk''. The aim was to show off the school to a wider audience, although it also highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking, and what some regard as the lax rules on alcohol. However he did report that he did not witness a single act of bullying, something that used to form the image of the stereotypical English public school.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the leading British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were considered by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

In the 2007 film 'St Trinians', Ampleforth were represented as the losing side in the fictional School Challenge quiz show.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Ampleforth College

2010-04-08T09:38:19Z

Springnuts: /* Press coverage */ rm puffery

{{Infobox UK school
| name = Ampleforth College
| image = Ampleforth crest.jpg
| size = 120px
| latitude = 54.201770
| longitude = -1.083910
| motto = {{lang|fr|''Dieu le ward''}} ([[French language|French]] for ''God the protector'')
| established = 1802
| type = [[Independent school|Independent]], [[Roman Catholic Church|Catholic]].
| head_label = Headmaster
| head = The Reverend Gabriel Everitt OSB, MA, DPhil (Oxon)
| city = [[Ampleforth]]
| county = [[North Yorkshire]]
| country = [[England]]
| postcode = YO62 4ER
| colours = Red and Black
| website = http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/
| website_name = Ampleforth College}}
'''Ampleforth College''' in [[North Yorkshire]], [[England]], is the largest private Catholic co-educational boarding school in the [[United Kingdom]], it is otherwise known as SHAC by the pupils and it is occasionally referred to as the "Catholic [[Eton College|Eton]]", a sobriquet also attached at different times to Beaumont (no longer open) and [[Stonyhurst College]] (both [[Jesuit]] schools) and which was [[Cardinal Newman]]'s aim in founding the [[The Oratory School|Oratory School]] as an alternative to junior seminaries and monastic schools. It first opened in 1802 and is run by the [[Benedictine]] [[monk]]s of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], the Community of [[Lawrence of Rome|St Laurence]] (a House of the [[English Benedictine Congregation]]), who trace their origins back nearly 1000 years to medieval Westminster.
Although there are more than 90 monks in Ampleforth, only about 10 are in contact with the students, and another 2 in St. Martin's Ampleforth.
[[Image:Ampleforth Abbey.jpg|thumb|left|350px|Ampleforth Abbey]]

{{-}}

{{TOCnestright}}

The school is situated in a picturesque valley with many sports pitches, forests and lakes. There are three lakes remaining of the original five constructed by the Fairfax Family centuries ago. The middle lake is stocked with [[trout]] (mainly brown and rainbow, although the occasional blue back has been seen).

The current headmaster is [[Father Gabriel Everitt]] OSB, a convert to Catholicism from the [[Church of England]].
The current Deputy Headmaster is John Browne.

In 2005 the school was one of fifty of the country's leading private schools which were found guilty of running an illegal price-fixing cartel which had allowed them to drive up fees for thousands of parents.<ref>[http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/life_and_style/education/article588559.ece Independent schools face huge fines over cartel to fix fees - Times Online]</ref> Each school was required to pay a nominal penalty of £10,000 and all agreed to make ex-gratia payments totalling three million pounds into a trust designed to benefit pupils who attended the schools during the period in respect of which fee information was shared.<ref>[http://www.oft.gov.uk/news/press/2006/182-06 The Office of Fair Trading: OFT names further trustees as part of the independent schools settlement]</ref>

==Education==

The ''[[Good Schools Guide]]'' called the school an "Unfailingly civilised and understanding top co-educational boarding Catholic school that has suffered from time to time as a result of its long liberal tradition." The ''Guide'' adds also that there is "A refreshing openness and honesty about the place these days."<ref>http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html</ref>

The school's primary concern is to educate its pupils in the principles of the [[Benedictine]] tradition - providing a thorough and broad-based education. It is notable that its academic admissions policy isn't as exacting as that exercised by some other English [[Public school (UK)|public school]]s. As a result, the school is typically between 150 - 200 in the annual league tables of public examination results, although it was ranked 6th nationally in the 2004 "value added" table. The school's administration claims that by looking at the top 50% of candidates (those who would probably have been able to get into more selective schools had they wanted to) the school's teaching appears to score just as well as, if not better than, other famous English public schools.

It maintains a strong scholarship set, with about 5% of pupils gaining the offer of a place at Oxford or Cambridge, although it aims to increase this number to 8%;<ref>[http://www.ampleforthcollege.york.sch.uk/general/development_plan_full.htm#3 Ampleforth College - School Development Plan 2006-2007]</ref> over 90% go on to university.

There is a famous anecdote of Fr Paul Neville, the school's headmaster in the 1940s, boasting of record offers from Oxford to a prospective parent. "And what of those boys who don't go to Oxford?" asked the parent. "Oh, they run the companies that employ the boys who do." replied Fr Paul.

(This remark is actually attributed to Abbot Herbert Byrne around the same time)

==School life==

Though originally only a boys' school, over recent years the school has moved from accepting day girls in the [[sixth form]] to the present situation with girls attending throughout the school.

The college is colloquially known as "SHAC": the popular explanation for this is that the [[acronym]] stands for "Senior Houses, Ampleforth College", although this is likely to be a [[backronym]]. It is believed that it was originally referred to as "the shack" in the early 20th century because of the parlous state of the old school building at that time; the phrase was coined when the then head monitor welcomed the school "back to the old shack" one September. School monitors play an important role in the smooth running of the school and are known as "shaccies" to all in the college.
At Ampleforth the students play most sports throughout the academic year, the boys play rugby, their biggest rival is Sedbergh.

==Religious life==

As a result of the school's association with the monks, religion is central to the life of the school. All pupils are expected to take religious education all the way through school. [[Mass (liturgy)|Mass]] is attended by all pupils twice a week, once on a weekday in the house, and once on Sunday in the Abbey Church. In addition, each house has prayers each morning and evening.

The school has a choir, the ''Schola Cantorum'', which sings at High Mass on Sunday and also at a choral Mass on Friday nights during term time. The choir has made various recordings, broadcasts and tours throughout the world. There is also now a girls choir, ''Schola Puellarum'', which was recently noted in both newspaper and magazine. They sing a service every Thursday, and they sing on Holy Days of Obligation in high mass on Sunday. They recently went on a tour to Dublin, and sang in many of the well-known churches there.

==Houses==

The school is arranged into ten [[boarding house|house]]s, with students living in the separate houses, eating together as a house and playing sport together as a house in inter-house competitions. Each House is named after a British saint:

*[[St Aidan]]'s (Sixth Form Girls) Housemistress: Dr. Victoria Fogg
*[[St Bede]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mr Brendan & Victoria Anglim
*[[St Cuthbert]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr David Willis
*[[St Dunstan]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Oswald McBride OSB POM
*[[St Edward]]-[[Wilfrid]]'s (Boys), originally two houses, Housemaster: Mr Adrian Smerdon
*[[Hugh of Lincoln (saint)|St Hugh]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Hugh Codrington
*[[Saint John Fisher|St John]]'s (Boys), Housemaster: Dr David Moses Phd
*[[St Oswald]]'s (Boys) Housemaster: Fr Chad Boulton OSB
*[[Saint Margaret Clitherow|St Margaret]]'s (Girls) Housemistress: Mrs Gaelle McGovern
*[[Thomas More|St Thomas]]' (Boys) Housemaster: Mr Paul Brenan

Some of the houses are paired into buildings named after people who have been instrumental in the school's history:

*Hume House - St Cuthbert's and St Edward-Wilfrid's - Named after Cardinal [[Basil Hume]] (although originally Saint Edward's house on one side and Saint Wilfrid's house on the other)
*Nevill House - St Dunstan's and St Oswald's
*Bolton House - formerly St Edward's and St Wilfrid's before their merger in 2001
*Fairfax House - St Margaret's and St Hugh's

[[St Martin's Ampleforth]] is the [[Preparatory school (UK)|Prep School]] for Ampleforth, situated a few miles across the valley in [[Gilling Castle]].

==Sport==

Sport is a large part of school life, with pupils participating in a wide variety of sports including rugby, shooting, tennis, cricket and football. As well as many rugby and cricket pitches set in the 2000 acres (8 km²) of the valley, the school runs the St Alban's Centre (SAC), a sports centre with a large hall (also used for school assemblies and official ceremonies), a 25-metre swimming pool, three squash courts, and a fitness suite. SAC is also open to the general public for a fee.

The school has a coloured sporting history, mostly regarding arch rivals Sedbergh School and Stonyhurst College both of whom play Ampleforth in about twenty (boys and girls) sports annually. The highlight of the sporting year however, is the annual rugby matches between Sedbergh and Ampleforth. Sedbergh in recent years proving to be superior, not having lost a 1st XV game against "the old enemy" since 1998.

Ampleforth has produced some top class sportsmen, especially in Rugby, such as [[Lawrence Dallaglio]], [[Simon Easterby|Simon]] and [[Guy Easterby]] and [[Dan McFarland]]

[[Image:St Thomas's House.jpg|thumb|right|320px|St Thomas's House]]

The school also sports a large wall to the south of the Abbey, popularly known as "the Ballplace". It is approximately 10 m tall by 15 m wide and constructed from local sandstone. It is speculated that the wall was constructed to play an Amplefordian version of [[Fives]]; the exact nature of this game and its equipment was unearthed in a marginal doodle in a book in the monastic library by Dr Galliver, a school history master, in the 1990s. Nowadays it is often used by members of the school to brush up on their tennis skills, and by the cadet corps for drill.

==Press coverage==

[[Image:Ampleforth from air.jpg|right|thumb|350px|Ampleforth and the Valley from the Air]]Several monks and three members of the lay teaching staff have molested children in their care. In 2005 Father [[Piers Grant-Ferris]] admitted 20 incidents of [[sexual abuse scandal in the English Benedictine Congregation|child abuse]]. This was not an isolated incident. The [[Yorkshire Post]] reported in 2005; "Pupils at a leading Roman Catholic school suffered decades of abuse from at least six paedophiles following a decision by former Abbot [[Basil Hume]] not to call in police at the beginning of the scandal." <ref>[http://www.yorkshirepost.co.uk/news/Ampleforth-child-abuse-scandal-hushed.1258869.jp Ampleforth child abuse scandal hushed up by Basil Hume], ''The Yorkshire Post'', 18 November 2005.</ref> Around the same time, it was indicted as having taken part in a cartel of [[price fixing]] amongst public schools.<ref>[http://education.guardian.co.uk/publicschools/story/0,,1638934,00.html Top 50 independent schools found guilty of price-fixing to push up fees], The Guardian, 10 November 2005.</ref> The school has periodically experienced a drugs problem due to its location (and lack of nearby entertainment) and the relative affluence of the children who attend.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=55&ArticleID=1080810 Drugs inquiry opens at top Catholic school], Yorkshire Post, 8 July 2005.</ref>{{Or|date=January 2008}}

The school was the subject of a light-hearted ITV documentary made by director [[Dan Barraclough]] shown in 2003 and entitled ''Ampleforth: My Teacher's A Monk''. The aim was to show off the school to a wider audience, although it also highlighted large-scale breaking of the school rules on smoking, and what some regard as the lax rules on alcohol. However he did report that he did not witness a single act of bullying, something that used to form the image of the stereotypical English public school.<ref>[http://www.yorkshiretoday.co.uk/ViewArticle2.aspx?SectionID=105&ArticleID=485555 How Television smoked out the secret life of Ampleforth], Yorkshire Post, 23 April 2003.</ref>

In September 2005, Ampleforth was one of the leading British schools (including [[Tonbridge School|Tonbridge]], [[Charterhouse School|Charterhouse]], [[Eton College|Eton]], [[Radley College|Radley]] [[Gresham's School|Gresham's]], [[Harrow School|Harrow]], [[Haileybury School|Haileybury]], [[Marlborough College|Marlborough]], [[Rugby School|Rugby]], [[Sedbergh School]], [[Shrewsbury School|Shrewsbury]], [[Stowe School|Stowe]], [[Wellington College, Berkshire|Wellington]] and [[Winchester College|Winchester]]) which were considered by the [[Office of Fair Trading]] to be operating a fee-fixing cartel in breach of the Competition Act of 1998. All of the schools were ordered to abandon this practice.

In the 2007 film 'St Trinians', Ampleforth were represented as the losing side in the fictional School Challenge quiz show.

==Daughter abbeys==

In 1955, at the invitation of prominent Roman Catholic laypersons in [[Saint Louis, Missouri]], a group of Benedictines from Ampleforth established the Priory of Saints Mary and Louis and the corresponding [[Saint Louis Priory School]] in Saint Louis. The Priory became independent from Ampleforth College in 1973, and was elevated to abbey status, becoming the [[Saint Louis Abbey]] in 1989.

==Notable Old Amplefordians==
===Religion===
*Thomas Burgess (1791–1854), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Clifton]], 1851–1854
*[[Athansius Allanson]] (1804–1876), [[Benedictine]] monk, and [[Abbot]] of [[Glastonbury]], 1874–1876
*[[Leonard Calderbank]] (1809–1864), [[Roman Catholic]] priest
*[[Cuthbert Hedley]] (1837–1915), [[Roman Catholic]] [[Bishop of Newport]], 1881–1915
*[[Columba Cary-Elwes]] (1903–1994), monastery founder, ecumenist and author
*[[Anthony Ainscough]] (1906–1986), Prior of Ampleforth Abbey, 1961–1963
*[[Basil Hume|Basil, Cardinal Hume]] (1923–1999), [[Abbot]] of [[Ampleforth Abbey]], 1963–1975, and [[Archbishop of Westminster]], 1975–1999

===Politics, law and business===
*[[Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte|Don Agustín Jerónimo de Iturbide y Huarte]] (1807–1866), Prince Imperial of [[Mexico]]
*[[Julian Asquith, 2nd Earl of Oxford and Asquith]] (born 1916), diplomat+<ref>''The Catholic Who's who and Yearbook'' edited by Francis Cowley Burnand, Published by Burns & Oates., 1940, page 39</ref>
*Sir [[Hugh Fraser (politician)|Hugh Fraser]] (1918–1984), [[Secretary of State for Air]], 1962–1964
*Grand Duke [[Jean of Luxembourg]] (born 1921), [[Grand Duke of Luxembourg]], 1964–2000
*[[Auberon Herbert]] (1922–1974), campaigner for Eastern European causes
*[[Sir John Johnston (Royal Household)|Sir John Johnston]] (1922–2006), Comptroller of the Lord Chamberlain's Office
*[[Michael Nolan, Baron Nolan]] (1928–2007), Law Lord and first chairman of the [[Committee on Standards in Public Life]]
*[[Andrew Bertie]] (1929-2008), first British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 1988-2008;
*[[Matthew Festing]] (born 1949), second British [[Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller|Grand Master]] of the [[Knights Hospitaller]], 2008-present;
*[[John George (officer of arms)|John George]] (born 1930), HM Kintyre Pursuivant of Arms,well known herald and author.
*[[David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham]] (born 1932), [[Lord Privy Seal]] and [[Leader of the House of Lords]], 1973–1974
*[[John Crichton-Stuart, 6th Marquess of Bute]] (1933–1993), Chairman, [[Historic Buildings Council for Scotland]], 1983–1988, and [[National Museums of Scotland]], 1985–1993
*[[Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho|King Moshoeshoe II of Lesotho]] (1938-1996), King of Lesotho (1966-1970, 1970-1990, 1995-96)
*[[Raymond Asquith, Viscount Asquith]] (born 1952), former diplomat and businessman
*[[Edward Fitzalan-Howard, 18th Duke of Norfolk]] (born 1956)
*[[Michael Ancram]], 14th Marquess of Lothian (born 1945), Deputy Leader of the [[Conservative Party (UK)|Conservative Party]], 2001–2005
*Sir [[Anthony Bamford]] (born 1945), Chairman, [[J. C. Bamford|J.C.Bamford (Excavators) Ltd.]]
*[[John Burnett, Baron Burnett]] (born 1945), former [[Liberal Democrats|Liberal Democrat]] MP for [[Torridge and West Devon]], 1997-2001, 2001-5, Life Peer, 2006-
*[[William Peel, 3rd Earl Peel]] (born 1947), [[Lord Chamberlain]]
*[[Abdul Raheem Green|Anthony Green]] (also known as Abdul Raheem Green or ''Abdur Rahim Green'', born 1962<ref>[http://www.lse.co.uk/ShowStory.asp?story=SQ1215179K&news_headline=terror_row_cleric_is_too_liberal_say_muslims Terror row cleric is too liberal, say Muslims - UK News Headlines]</ref> or 1964<ref name="Peace Tv">[http://www.peacetv.in/sp-abdurraheem_green.php Peace Tv]</ref>, is a noted [[United Kingdom|British]] [[convert]] to [[Islam]] and Islamic lecturer, and regular speaker at [[speaker's corner]] in London.
*[[Letsie III of Lesotho|King Letsie III of Lesotho]] (born 1963), King of [[Lesotho]] (1990-95, 1996-present)
*[[John Home Robertson]] (born 1948), former Labour MP and currently Member of the [[Scottish Parliament]]
*[[Dominic Asquith]] (born 1957), [[Ambassador]] to [[Iraq]], 2006—2007, Ambassador to [[Egypt]], 2007-present.
*[[Paul_Moore_(banking_manager)|Paul Moore]], [[whistleblower]] sacked from [[HBOS]]
*[[Lex Fenwick]] (born 1960), CEO of Bloomberg LP

===Arts and entertainment===
*[[Joseph Turner (composer)|Joseph Turner]] (1853–1897), composer and organist
*[[Herbert Railton]] (1857–1910), illustrator<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), published by Ampleforth Abbey, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909), p233</ref>
*[[Roderic O'Conor]] (1860–1940), artist
*[[Harman Grisewood]] (1906–1997), Chief Assistant to the Director-General of the [[BBC]], 1955–1964
*[[Neville Braybrooke]] (1923–2001), writer and editor
*[[Vincent Cronin]] (born 1924), historical writer and biographer
*[[Patrick Reyntiens]] (born 1925), [[stained glass]] artist
*[[Hugo Young]] (1938–2003), journalist
*[[Andrew Knight]] (born 1939), journalist, editor, and media magnate
*[[Mark Burns]] (born 1936–2007), actor
*[[Iwo Zaluski]] (born 1939), author and musician, composer
*[[Piers Paul Read]] (born 1941), writer
*[[Guy Dammann]] (born 1972), journalist, music critic
*[[Jonathan Ryland]] (born 1973), actor
*[[Tom Waller]] (born 1974), film producer
*[[Henry Hudson: Artist]] (born 1982)
*[[James O'Brien (radio presenter)]]
*[[Edward Stourton (journalist)|Edward Stourton]] (born 1957), journalist
*[[Julian Wadham]] (born 1958), actor
*[[Rupert Everett]] (born 1959), actor
*[[Julian Fellowes]] (born 1949), actor and writer
*[[Antony Gormley]] (born 1950), sculptor
*[[Benjamin "Benjie" Fraser]] (born 1961), Senior Vice-President of JP Morgan, published poet
*[[Peter Bergen]] (born 1962), author, print and TV journalist, [[CNN]], adjunct professor, [[Johns Hopkins University]]
*[[John Micklethwait]] (born 1962), Editor-in-chief of ''[[The Economist]]''
*[[Red Morris, 4th Baron Killanin]] (born 1947), film producer
*[[Joe Simpson (mountaineer)|Joe Simpson]] (born 1960), mountaineer and autobiographer
*[[Michael Forsythe (lad)]] (born 1986), medical advisor to Skins television series, and general 'lad about town'

===Military===
*Major-General Sir [[Freddie de Guingand]] (1900–1979), Chief of Staff to [[Bernard Law Montgomery, 1st Viscount Montgomery of Alamein|Field Marshal Montgomery]], 1942–1945
*Brigadier [[Simon Fraser, 15th Lord Lovat]] (1911–1995), founder of the [[commando]]s.
*Colonel Sir [[David Stirling]] (1915–1990), founder of the [[Special Air Service|SAS]]
*Major General [[Lord Michael Fitzalan-Howard]] (1916–2007), [[Marshal of the Diplomatic Corps]] 1972-1981
*[[Michael Allmand]] (1923–1944), [[Victoria Cross]] recipient (posthumous). Killed in action 24 June 1944, in [[Burma]].
*Brigadier [[Andrew Parker Bowles]] (born 1939), soldier
* Major General Sir [[Sebastian Roberts]] (born 1954), [[General Officer Commanding|GOC]] The Household Division 2003–2007
*Major-General [[Peter Grant Peterkin]] (born c.1947), [[Sergeant at Arms]] of the [[British House of Commons|House of Commons]]
*Captain [[Robert Nairac]] (1948–1977), [[George Cross]], intelligence officer killed by the [[Provisional Irish Republican Army]]

===Philosophy and academe===
*[[Gabriel Turville-Petre]] (1908–1978), Professor of Ancient Icelandic Literature and Antiquities, [[University of Oxford]], 1953–1975
*[[Henry Wansbrough]] (1934), Master of [[St Benet's Hall, Oxford]], 1990–2004
*[[Philip Lawrence]] (1947–1995), headmaster and murder victim
*[[William Dalrymple (historian)|William Dalrymple]] (born 1965), historian
*[[Robert Maximilian de Gaynesford]] (born 1968), philosopher

===Science and medicine===
*[[John Polidori]] (1795–1821), physician and writer
*[[Thomas Cecil Gray]] (born 1913–2008) pioneered modern Anaesthetic techniques
*David Wilson (1927-2000), [[BBC]] science correspondent 1967-81
*[[Bill Inman]] (1929-2005) [[pharmacovigilance]] pioneer
*Count [[Simon de Bendern]] (born 1946) Zoologist and Philanthropist

===Sport===
*[[Guy Easterby]] (born 1971), [[rugby union|Ireland international rugby scrum-half]]
*[[Lawrence Dallaglio]] (born 1972), [[rugby union|England rugby player]]
*[[Simon Easterby]] (born 1975), [[rugby union|Ireland rugby player]]
*[[Edward O'Donovan Crean]] (born 1887), English [[rugby union]] player who was part of the first official [[British and Irish Lions]] team that [[1910 British Lions tour to South Africa|toured South Africa in 1910]].<ref>''The Ampleforth Journal'', by Ampleforth Abbey (York, England), Page 234, Item notes: 14 (1908-1909)</ref>
*[[Peter Savill]] (born c.1947), Chairman of the [[British Horseracing Board]], 1998–2004

===Other===
*[[Francis Salvin]] (1817–1904), [[falconry|falconer]]
Peter Bergen (born 1962) author

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
*[http://www.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth official umbrella site]
*[http://www.college.ampleforth.org.uk/ Ampleforth College official site]
*[http://www.oa.ampleforth.org.uk/ A website for alumni of Ampleforth College]
*[http://goodschoolsguide.co.uk/school/ampleforth-college.html Profile at the Good Schools Guide]
*[http://onwardoverland.com/articles/ampleforthabuse.html Special report]

{{English Benedictine Congregation}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ampleforth College}}
[[Category:Schools of the English Benedictine Congregation]]
[[Category:Catholic boarding schools]]
[[Category:Roman Catholic secondary schools in England]]

[[Category:Benedictine secondary schools]]
[[Category:Boarding schools in England]]
[[Category:Independent schools in North Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Schools with Combined Cadet Forces]]
[[Category:Member schools of the Headmasters' and Headmistresses' Conference]]
[[Category:Educational institutions established in 1802]]
[[Category:Old Amplefordians| ]]
[[Category: Co-educational boarding schools]]

[[pt:Ampleforth College]]

Pakistan Navy

2009-10-16T20:01:43Z

Springnuts: /* Aviation */ correct link to helicopters

{{Article issues|weasel=August 2009}}
{{Pakistan Navy}}
The '''Pakistan Navy''' ([[Urdu]]: '''پاک بحریہ''') is the naval branch of the [[military of Pakistan]]. It is responsible for Pakistan's 1,046 kilometer (650 mile) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the defense of important harbors. Navy day is celebrated on [[September 8]] in commemoration of the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]].<ref>http://pakistantimes.net/2005/09/06/top2.htm</ref> The Pakistan Navy aims to be a true [[green-water navy]] by 2020.

==History==
The birth of the Royal Pakistan Navy came with the creation of [[Pakistan]] on [[14 August]] [[1947]]. The Armed Forces Reconstitution Committee (AFRC) divided the [[Royal Indian Navy]] between both India and Pakistan. The Royal Pakistan Navy secured two [[sloop]]s, two [[frigate]]s, four minesweepers, two [[naval trawler]]s, four harbour launches and some 358 personnel (180 officers and 34 [[Naval rating|ratings]]), and given the high percentage of [[river delta|delta]] areas on the Pakistan coast the Navy was given a number of [[Harbour Defence Motor Launch]]es.

{{cquote|''“ Today is a historic day for Pakistan, doubly so for those of us in the Navy. The Dominion of Pakistan has come into being and with it a new Navy – the Royal Pakistan Navy – has been born. I am proud to have been appointed to command it and serve with you at this time. In the coming months, it will be my duty and yours to build up our Navy into a happy and efficient force.”'' [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]], the founder of [[Pakistan]].}}<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/history.htm [[Muhammad Ali Jinnah]] addressing the Naval Academy in March 1948</ref>

===The beginning===

The Royal Pakistan Navy saw no action during the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1947]] as all the fighting was restricted to land warfare.
In 1956 the [[Islamic Republic]] of Pakistan was proclaimed under the 1956 constitution. The prefix ''Royal'' was dropped and the service was re-designated as the Pakistan Navy, or "PN" for short. The PN Jack and Pakistan flag replaced the [[Colours, standards and guidons#United Kingdom and other Commonwealth nations|Queen's colour]] and the white ensign respectively. The order of precedence of the three services changed from [[Navy]], [[Army]], [[Air force]] to Army, Navy, Air Force. In February 1956, the [[British government]] announced supplying of several major surface combatants to Pakistan. These Warships, a cruiser and four destroyers were purchased with funds made available under the US [[Military Assistance Program]]. The acquisition of a few additional warships that is two destroyers, eight coastal minesweepers and an oiler (between 1956-63) was the direct result of Pakistan's participation in the anti-[[Communist]] defence pacts of [[SEATO]] and [[CENTO]].

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1965===
During the [[Indo-Pakistani War of 1965]] the navy was involved in a conflict for the first time. Apart from carrying out a devastating bombardment of the coastal town of [[Dwaraka]] - codenamed [[Operation Dwarka]], the navy's submarine [[PNS Ghazi]] which was Pakistan's first submarine and remained the flagship submarine for Pakistan Navy till deployed against Indian Navy's western fleet at [[Bombay]] (Mumbai) port.<ref>http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/jan/agosta.htm</ref>
[[Image:PNS Ghazi 134 DN-SC-92-03633.JPEG|thumb|Daphne class submarine ''Ghazi'' (S-134)]]

===Indo-Pakistan war of 1971===
[[Image:USS Wiltsie (DD-716).jpg|thumb|right|PNS Nazim which previously took part in the Vietnam and Korean wars with the USN]]
[[Karachi]] housed the headquarters of the [[Pakistani Navy]] and almost the entire fleet was based at Karachi Harbour. Karachi was also the hub of Pakistan's [[maritime trade]], meaning that a blockade would be disastrous for Pakistan’s economy. The defence of Karachi harbour was therefore paramount to the Pakistani High Command and it was heavily defended against any airstrikes or naval strike. Karachi received some of the best defence Pakistan had to offer as well as cover from strike aircraft based at two airfields in the area. On December 4 the Indian Navy launched a fast naval strike [[Operation Trident (Indo-Pakistani War)|Operation Trident]] on the [[port]]. The task group for the operation consisted of 3 [[Osa class missile boat|OSA class]] [[Missile boat]]s, escorted by two [[Anti-submarine]] patrol vessels. Nearing the Karachi port, they detected Pakistani presence and launched missiles, hitting PNS ''Muhafiz'' and PNS ''Khyber'', which both sank. PNS Shahjahan was also severely damaged.

The success of this operation prompted another attack on Pakistan coast named '''Operation Python''' on the night of [[December 8]] [[1971]]. In rough seas a small strike group, consisting of missile boat ''Vinash'' and two multipurpose frigates, approached Karachi. In the ensuing battle, the Indian ships sank the Panamian vessel ''Gulf Star'', while the Pakistan Navy's ''Dacca'' and the British ship SS ''Harmattan'' were badly damaged. The Pakistani fuel reserves for the sector were destroyed. The same day (8 December 1971), PNS Hangor, a Pakistani Daphné class submarine, sank an Indian frigate [[INS Khukri|INS ''Khukri'']] off the coast of Gujarat, India. This was the first sinkings by a submarine since World War II. 18 officers and 176 sailors of the Indian navy were killed in this operation. The same submarine also damaged another warship, INS Kirpan.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/hangor.htm</ref> Pakistan also attempted to counter the Indian missile boat threat by carrying out bombing raids over Okha harbour—the forward base of the missile boats.

With [[East Pakistan]] having been surrounded on all three sides by the [[Indian Army]], the Navy was under immense pressure to protect the coast. The major threat from the [[PNS Ghazi]]—the only long range [[submarine]]—was nullified when it was sunk in the [[Bay of Bengal]], directly or indirectly through the depth charges dropped by the Indian Navy's destroyer INS Rajput or by its own antiship mine that came back due to the rough sea.<ref>[http://openlibrary.org/b/OL4243900M/No-way-but-surrender No way but surrender: an account of the Indo-Pakistan War in the Bay of Bengal, 1971] By Vice Admiral N. Krishnan (Retd.)</ref> This enabled an easy blockade on East Pakistan by the Indian Navy.<ref name = Defencejournal>{{cite web | title=Maritime Awareness and Pakistan Navy | work=Defence Notes by Commander (Retd) Muhammad Azam Khan | url=http://www.defencejournal.com/2000/mar/maritime.htm | accessdate= May 16, 2005 |accessyear=2005}}</ref>

The damage inflicted by both [[Indian Navy]] and [[Indian Air Force]] on Pakistan Navy stood at seven [[gunboat]]s, one [[Minesweeper (ship)|minesweeper]], two [[destroyers]], three patrol crafts belonging to the [[coast guard]], 18 cargo, supply and communication vessels, with some more crafts damaged, and large scale destruction inflicted on the naval base and Docks in the coastal town of Karachi. Three merchant navy ships—Anwar Baksh, Pasni, Madhumathi<ref>[http://www.irfc-nausena.nic.in/irfc/ezine/Trans2Trimph/chapters/39_transfer%20of%20ships1.htm Utilisation of Pakistan merchant ships seized during the 1971 war]</ref>—and ten smaller vessels were captured.<ref name = Orbat>{{cite web | title=DAMAGE ASSESMENT - 1971 INDO-PAK NAVAL WAR | work=B. Harry | url=http://www.orbat.com/site/cimh/navy/kills(1971)-2.pdf |format=PDF| dateformat=mdy | accessdate=May 16, 2005}}</ref> The total number of personnel losses came to about 1900 and 1413 servicemen were captured by Indian forces in [[Dhaka]](Official Pakistan losses).<ref name = "losses">{{cite web | title=Military Losses in the 1971 Indo-Pakistani War | work=Venik | url=http://www.aeronautics.ru/archive/vif2_project/indo_pak_war_1971.htm | dateformat=mdy | accessdate=May 30, 2005}}
</ref> In contrast the Indian Navy lost 212 personnel, a [[frigate]] (another frigate damaged) and a naval plane [[Breguet Alizé]] to the [[Pakistan Air Force]] (PAF).<ref name="losses" /> According to one Pakistan scholar, [[Tariq Ali]], Pakistan Navy lost a third of its force in the war.<ref>{{cite book|author=[[Tariq Ali]] | title=Can Pakistan Survive? The Death of a State | publisher=Penguin Books Ltd | year=1983 | isbn=0-14-022401-7}}</ref> The primary reason for this loss has been attributed to the central command's failure in defining a role for the Navy—or the military in general, in East Pakistan. Since then the Navy has sought to improve the structure and fleet by putting special emphasis on sub-surface warfare capability as it allows for the most efficient way to deny the control of Pakistani sea lanes to the adversary.

===Post war===
The Navy sought to diversify its purchases instead of depending solely on the United States, which had placed an arms embargo on both India and Pakistan. It sought more vessels from France and China. The Pakistan Navy thus became the first navy in [[South Asia]] to acquire land based missile capable long range reconnaissance aircraft.<ref name="Navy">South Asia's Nuclear Security Dilemma: India, Pakistan, and China By Lowell Dittmer, pp 77 ''</ref> During the 1980s the Pakistan Navy enjoyed un-preceded growth. It doubled its surface fleet from 8 to 16 surface combatants in 1989. In 1982, the [[Ronald Reagan|Reagan]] administration approved US$3.2 billion military and economic aid to Pakistan. Pakistan acquired eight Brooke and Garcia-class frigates from [[US Navy]] on a five year lease in 1988. A [[military base|depot]] for repairs, [[USS Hector (AR-7)|ex-USS Hector]] followed the lease of these ships in April 1989. However after the [[Soviet]] withdrawal from [[Afghanistan]] in 1989 [[President of the United States|US President]] [[George H. W. Bush|George Bush]] was advised to no longer certify that Pakistan was not involved in the development of nuclear weapons and the Pressler’s Amendment was invoked on 1 October 1990. The lease of the first [[Brooke class frigate]] expired in March 1993, the remaining in early 1994. This seriously impaired the Pakistan Navy, which was composed almost entirely of former US origin ships. Pakistan began to concentrate on self-reliance for its defense production.{{Fact|date=January 2009}}

===Atlantique incident===
The [[Atlantique Incident]] was a major international incident on [[10 August]] [[1999]] where a Pakistan Navy plane ([[Breguet Atlantic]]) with 16 on board was shot down in the border area of the [[Rann of Kutch|Kutch]] region with Pakistan and India both claiming the aircraft to be in their respective airspace by Indian Air Force jets. The wreckage however, fell well within Pakistani territory, giving credence to the Pakistani claim. The Indian Air Force stated that the Atlantique was trying to return to Pakistani airspace after intruding more than 10 nautical miles and as such was headed towards Pakistan. At the speed of 400 knots at which the shootdown occurred most of the wreckage was expected to land at least 25 miles from the shootdown so Pakistani Army claims that the wreckage was found in Pakistan can be true even though the shootdown occurred in Indian Airspace. It resulted in escalated tensions between the two neighboring countries. {{Fact|date=October 2008}}
However International Court of Justice did not decide in favour of Pakistan.

===Tsunami relief activities===
The Navy has been involved in some peacetime operations, most notably during the [[tsunami]] tragedy that struck on [[December 26]], [[2004]]. Pakistan sent vessels to [[Sri Lanka]] and the [[Maldives]] to help in rescue and relief work.<ref>http://www.dawn.com/2005/01/02/top5.htm Pakistan navy sends ships to rescue tsunami vistims</ref>

==Personnel==
[[Image:Pakisan First.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistan Navy Officers On Guard By the National Flag]]
[[Image:080225-N-9167V-007.jpg|thumb|right|Pakistani navy Commodore Khan Hasham Bin Saddique, left, hands a spyglass to French navy Rear Adm. Jean L. Kerignard during a change of command ceremony aboard PNS Tippu Sultan (D 186) while in port at Mina Salman Pier, Bahrain, February 25, 2008.]]
The Pakistan Navy has around 24,000 active personnel and 5,000 in reserve.<ref name= Malaya>[http://www.malaya.com.ph/jun25/eddahli.htm] Anchors aweigh, Pakistan</ref> The force includes a small Naval Air Arm and the approximately 2,000 member [[paramilitary]] Maritime Security Agency, charged primarily with protecting Pakistan's [[exclusive economic zone]](EEZ).<ref name=Malaya/> The Navy also comprises the [[Special Services Group Navy]], a marine [[commando]] unit as well as a Marine unit, both stationed at Karachi. The SSG(N) and Marines are believed to number around 1,000 in troop strength each. Pakistan Navy recently began inducting women for combat positions apart from the existing administrative posts, becoming one of the few [[Islamic Republic]]s to do so.<ref>[http://www.thenews.com.pk/update_detail.asp?id=15213] 22 female sailors inducted in Pak navy</ref>

===Naval Headquarters===
*[[Admiral]] [[Noman Bashir]] — [[Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)|Chief of Naval Staff (CNS)]]
*Vice Admiral Asaf Humayun — Vice Chief of Naval Staff (VCNS)
*Rear Admiral Mushtaq Ahmed — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Material)
*Rear Admiral Shahid Iqbal — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Training and Personnel)
*Rear Admiral Tanveer Faiz — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Operations)
*Rear Admiral Abbas Raza — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects-2)
*Rear Admiral Waqar Siddiq — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Supply)
*Rear Admiral Saleem Akhtar — Deputy Chief of Naval Staff (Projects)
*Rear Admiral Khawaja Ghazanfar Hussain — Naval Secretary

===Commands===
*Vice Admiral Saleem Ahmed Meenai — Commander Karachi (COMKAR)
*Vice Admiral Mohammed Shafi — Commander Coast (COMCOAST)
*Vice Admiral Azhar Shamim Anwer — Commander Logistics (COMLOG)
*Rear Admiral M Asif Sandila — Commander Pakistan Fleet (COMPAK)
*Rear Admiral Tayyab Ali Dogar — Flag Officer Sea Training (FOST)
*Commodore Syed Hasan Mustafa — Commander North (COMNOR)

===External billets===
*Rear Admiral Mohammad Shafiq — Deputy DG ISI
*Rear Admiral Khalid Amin — Director General, Maritime Technologies Complex (MTC)
*Rear Admiral Shafqat Javed — Additional Secretary-III (Navy) at Ministry of Defence
*Rear Admiral Azhar Hayat — General Manager (Operations) [[Karachi Port Trust]] (KPT)
*Rear Admiral Mohammad Zakaullah — Commander Combined Task Force (CTF) 150, Manama, Bahrain
*Rear Admiral Sayyid Khawar Ali — DG Training at Joint Staff HQ
*Rear Admiral Tehseen Ullah Khan — DG Maritime Security Agency (MSA)
*Rear Admiral Khan Hasham Bin Saddique — Commandant National Security College at [[National Defence University, Islamabad|NDU Islamabad]]

==List of Naval Chiefs==
[[File:FM-90 SAM.JPG|[[HQ-7#HQ-7A_.28FM-90.29|FM-90]] [[surface-to-air missile]] system.|thumb|FM-90 On board PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:C-802 anti ship missile.JPG|Two 4-cell [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile]] launchers.|thumb|C-802 Anti Ship Missle on board PNS Zulfiqar]]

{{main|Chief of Naval Staff (Pakistan)}}
# Rear Admiral [[James Wilfred Jefford]] ([[August 15]], [[1947]] - [[January 30]], [[1953]])<ref name ="PIC Book">Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema. ''The Armed Forces of Pakistan'', New York: New York University Press. 2003. pp. 86~90</ref>
# Vice Admiral [[HMS Choudri|Haji Mohammad Siddiq Choudri]] ([[January 31]], [[1953]] - [[28 February]], [[1959]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Afzal Rahman Khan]] ([[March 1]], [[1959]] - [[October 20]], [[1966]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Syed Mohammad Ahsan]] ([[October 20]], [[1966]] - [[August 31]], [[1969]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Muzaffar Hassan]] ([[September 1]], [[1969]] - [[December 22]], [[1971]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Vice Admiral [[Hasan Hafeez Ahmed]] ([[March 3]], [[1972]] - [[March 9]], [[1975]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Mohammad Shariff]] ([[March 23]], [[1975]] - [[March 21]], [[1979]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Karamat Rahman Niazi]] ([[March 22]], [[1979]] - [[March 23]], [[1983]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Tariq Kamal Khan]] ([[March 23]], [[1983]] - [[April 9]], [[1986]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Iftikhar Ahmed Sirohey]] ([[April 9]], [[1986]] - [[November 9]], [[1988]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Yastur-ul-Haq Malik]] ([[November 10]], [[1988]] - [[November 8]], [[1991]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Saeed Mohammad Khan]] ([[November 9]], [[1991]] - [[November 9]], [[1994]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Mansurul Haq]] ([[November 10]], [[1994]] - [[May 1]], [[1997]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Fasih Bokhari]] ([[May 2]], [[1997]] - [[October 2]], [[1999]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Abdul Aziz Mirza]] ([[October 2]], [[1999]] - [[October 2]], [[2002]])<ref name ="PIC Book"/>
# Admiral [[Shahid Karimullah]] ([[October 3]], [[2002]] - [[October 6]], [[2005]])
# Admiral [[Afzal Tahir]] ([[October 7]], [[2005]] - [[October 7]], [[2008]])
# Admiral [[Noman Bashir]] ([[October 7]], [[2008]] - present)

==Organization==
The supreme commander of the Navy is the Chief of the Naval Staff. Admiral Noman Bashir is the current Chief of the Navy.

The navy has six commands:
* '''COMKAR (Commander Karachi)''' - Looks after the shore establishments of the Navy which provide services and training facilities for the PN. He also looks after the protocol at Karachi. His responsibilities also include harbour defence.
* '''COMPAK (Commander Pakistan Fleet)''' - The command heads the surface, sub surface and aviation commands. In fact, this command is the war fighting machine having 4 dimensional components. Previously, it included the 25th Destroyer Squadron (with Gearing class D16O, D164-168).
* '''COMCOAST (Commander COAST)''' - The special command of SSG(N), Marines and Coastal stations.
* '''COMLOG (Commander Logistics)''' - This command looks after the repair, maintenance and logistic infrastructure of PN.
* '''FOST (Flag Officer Sea Training)''' Conducts all types of operational training at Sea
* '''COMNOR (Commander North)''' - Looks after the Naval installations in the north of Pakistan;
* '''COMWEST (Commander WEST)''' - Looks after the Naval installations in the west of Pakistan. The naval bases are [[Ormara]], [[Pasni City|Pasni]], [[Gwadar]] and [[Jiwani]].

===Ranks===

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
!colspan=12 bgcolor="green"| '''PN Officer Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Admiral(Adm)
!Vice Admiral
!Rear Admiral
!Commodore
!Captain
!Commander
!Lieutenant Commander
!Lieutenant
!Sub Lieutenant
!Midshipman
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
|align="center"|[[Image:Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Vice Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Rear Admiral Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Commodore Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Captain Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Commander Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Lieutenant Commander Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Sub Lieutenant Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|align="center"|[[Image:Midshipman Pak Navy.png|70px]]
|}

{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" align="center" width="100%"
!colspan=12 bgcolor="green"| '''PN Sailor Ranks'''
|-
!''Rank''
!Master Chief Petty Officer
!Fleet Chief Petty Officer
!Chief Petty Officer
!Petty Officer
!Leading Seaman
|-
!''Uniform insignia''
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|align="center"|
|}

==Training institutions==
Pakistan Navy has an academy of its own called the [[Pakistan Naval Academy]], it is the home of initial training of officers of Pakistan Navy. The academy also has provided basic training to the officers of Allied Navies. The Chief of Naval Staff of [[Qatar Emiri Navy]] and many high ranking officers of [[Royal Saudi Navy]] as well as other navies in the Gulf were graduates of the PNA. The academy is a full fledged training institution catering to the needs to Pakistani junior Naval officers. The Navy also has its own navy war college called the [[Pakistan Navy War College]]<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/pnwc/main.htm</ref> specializing in imparting [[Naval Warfare]] techniques to officers of the Pakistan marine forces.

Other worthwhile training institutions are:

'''PNS Bahadur''': conducts specialist courses.

'''PNS Himalaya''': for basic training of sailors.

'''PNS Karsaz''': It is the Largest and the most organized technical training Establishment of Pakistan Navy. The establishment has the previlige to host many heads of states since its commissioning. It is considered the mother unit of PNS MEHRAN, PNS JAUHAR, PNS BAHADUR, ASD and other PN units in that area. The unit celebrated its golden gubilee in 2003 under the command of Cdre M B Chaudhry.
PNS KARSAZ also houses one of the most modern Special Children School which was built at the cost of Rs 88.00 Millions during 2003-5. Cdre M Bashir Chaudhry who was the commandant KARSAZ during this period was the force behind this project who collected the funds through philanthropists. Rangoon wala trust contributed the most. In fact PNS KARSAZ is a complete
Naval unit which can operate independently in all spheres.

[[Pakistan Navy Engineering College|'''PNS Jauhar''']]: for technical training of officers.

[[
]]PNS Jauhar has been absorbed by the [[National University of Sciences and Technology]] and has become its constituent [[Pakistan Navy Engineering College]], where officers and civilian students are offered degrees in Electrical, Mechanical and Electronics Enginee

==Special Forces==
[[Image:Naval SSG.jpg|thumb|Naval SSG operating in the Gulf of Oman]]
===Special Services Group (N)===
{{main|Special Service Group Navy}}
Special Service Group Navy (SSGN) is an independent commando division of the Pakistan Navy. It is an elite special operations force supposed to be similar to the Royal Navy's Special Boat Service and United States Navy SEALS. Official numbers place the strength between 700 to 1,000, in 1 Company; however the actual strength is classified.

===Marines===
{{main|Pakistan Marines}}
Pakistan Navy Marines division was re-established on [[April 14]], [[1990]] with about 2000 men and plans to expand the force significantly by 2015. The naval marines are based at [[Port Qasim]] naval base.

==The fleet==

[[File:F-22P PNS Zulfiquar.JPG|right|thumb|PNS Zulfiqar]]
[[File:PNS Tippu Sultan former HMS Avenger.jpg|thumb|PNS Tippu Sultan]]
[[Image:PNSShahjahan.jpg|thumb|PNS Shahjahan]]
[[Image:USS Rodney M. Davis (FFG 60) Full.jpg|thumb|right|Mclanery (ASW) Class For Pakistan Navy (August 2010)]]
[[Image:Larkana (PB 157)-090309-N-4774B-055.jpg|thumb|PNS Larkana Class Missile Boat]]
[[Image:BaburCruise.jpg|thumb|right|Babur Cruise Missile]]
[[Image:Harpoonlaunch.gif|thumb|right|Harpoon Block II test firing.]]
[[Image:Naval patrol.JPG|thumb|A Pakistan Navy Hover Craft]]
[[Image:Panther-051306-N-9546C-001.jpg||thumb|right|Z-9C]]
6 [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]] For Pakistan Navy
Ships with respect to their classes<ref name="Official Website - Frigates">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/frigate.htm Official Website - Frigates] </ref><ref name="PakDef - Patrol Craft">[http://www.pakdef.info/pakmilitary/navy/missileboats.html PakDef - Patrol Craft] </ref><ref name="Official Website - Missile Boats">[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/SURFACE%20WARRIORS%20-%20PN.htm Official Website - Missile Boats] </ref><ref name="Globalsecurity.org">[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm Globalsecurity.org] </ref>

{| class="wikitable" border=1 width=550 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Frigates'''
|-
|1||[[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] (2010)<ref>[http://www.stripes.com/m/article.asp?section=104&article=64056 U.S. to transfer frigate to Pakistan navy]</ref>
|-
|4||[[F-22P|Zulfiqar class]] Frigates
* 251 PNS Zulfiqar (Commissioned)
* 252 PNS Saif (launched)
* 253 PNS Shamsheer (launched)
* 254 PNS (under construction)
|-
|6||[[Type 21 frigate|Tariq class]] Frigates
* F181 [[PNS Tariq]]
* F182 [[PNS Babur]]
* F183 [[PNS Khaibar]]
* F184 [[PNS Badr]]
* F185 [[PNS Shah Jahan]]
* F186 [[PNS Tippu Sultan]]
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Mine Hunters'''
|-
|3||[[Tripartite class minehunter|Eridan class]] Mine Hunter vessels
* M166 Munsif
* M167 Muhafiz
* M168 Mahmood
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Missile Boats'''
|-
|6||Jalalat class
* P1023 PNS Jurrat
* P1028 PNS Quwwat
* P1022 PNS Jalalat
* P1024 PNS Shujat
* P1029 ?
* P1030 ?
|-
|1||Larkana class
* PNS Larkana
|-
|3||[[Type 021 class missile boat|Sabqat class (huangefeng)]]
* P1025 PNS Azmat
* P1026 PNS Deshmat
* P1027 PNS Himmat
|-
|1||[[Type 024 class missile boat|Hegu class]]
* P1021 PNS Haibat
|-
|1|| ?
* PNS Rajshahi
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Multi Role Tactical Platform'''
|-
|2|| MRTP-33
* PNS Zarrar
* PNS Karrar
|-
|2|| MRTP-15
* P01 PNS ?
* P02 PNS ?
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Auxiliary'''
|-
|1|| Fuqing class
* A47 PNS Nasr
|-
|1|| Poolster class
* A20 PNS Moawin
|-
|2|| Coastal tankers
* PNS Kalmat
* PNS Gawadar
|-
|1|| Hydrographic Survey Vessel
* PNS Behr Paima
|-
|1|| Dredging Vessel
* PNS Behr Khusha
|-
|2|| Small tanker cum utility ship (STUS)
* PNS ? (launched)
* PNS ? (underconstruction)
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Training vessel'''
|-
|1|| [[Leander class frigate]]
* F262 PNS Zulfiqar
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Hover Crafts'''
|-
|4||[[Griffon]] class
|-
|colspan=2 align=center| '''Patrol boats'''
|-
|12|| Gulf crafts<ref>http://www.ameinfo.com/105294.html</ref>
|}

====Submarines====


A total of five active diesel electric submarines plus 3 midget submarines, MG110 are in the Naval inventory.<ref name="PN"> Anon. (14 April,2007) [http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy]. ''Pakistan Navy website''.</ref> These include:

{| class="wikitable" border=1 width=550 cellpadding=2 cellspacing=0
|-
submarine<ref>http://www.janes.com/news/defence/naval/jdw/jdw081202_1_n.shtml Pakistan on verge of selecting HDW submarine</ref>
|-
|3||[[Agosta 90B class submarine]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* PNS/M Khalid
* PNS/M Saad
* PNS/M Hamza
|-
|2||[[Agosta 90B class submarine|Agosta 70]]<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* PNS/M Hasmat
* PNS/M Hurmat
|}

All of the Pakistani SSKs have been equipped with AshMs which can be fired while submerged. The three Khalid class boats are capable of firing Exocet AshM, while the older Agostas and Daphnes have been equipped with US Harpoon AshMs. PNS/M Hamza (third Agosta-90B) is equipped with the MESMA Air Independent Propulsion system, PNS/M Khalid and PNS/M Saad will be upgraded with the same MESMA AIP system in the near future. The Pakistan Navy also plans to integrate the Boeing Harpoon Block II on to its Agosta-90Bs; and currently the Agosta-90Bs are capable of firing Blackshark torpedoes.

In mid-2006 the Pakistan Navy announced its requirement of three new SSK attack submarines to replace the two Agosta-70 submarines and rebuild its fleet - after retiring the four Daphne Class. The French naval firm DCN had offered its latest export design - the Marlin SSK - which is based on the Scorpene SSK, but also uses technology from the Barracuda nuclear attack submarine. However, the Pakistan Navy is said to have chosen the [[Type 214]] submarine. During the IDEAS 2008 exhibition, the HDW chief Walter Freitag told “The commercial contract has been finalised up to 95 per cent,” he said. The first submarine would be delivered to the Pakistan Navy in 64 months after signing of the contract while the rest would be completed successively in 12 months.<ref>http://www.paktribune.com/news/index.shtml?208366|Pakistan to buy German subs, ignore French - Paktribune</ref>

Pakistan is also seeking to enhance its strategic strike capability by developing naval variants of the Babur land attack cruise missile (LACM). The Babur LACM has a range of 700 km and is capable of using both conventional and nuclear warheads. Future developments of LACM include capability of being launched from submarines, surface combatants and aircraft.

====Frigates====
[[File:The side of the PNS Zulfiquar.jpg|right|thumb|]]
[[Image:PNS-Badr-F184.jpg|thumb|right|PNS Badr (F184) steams alongside [[USS Tarawa (LHA-1)]] in November of 2005]]
The Navy's six frigates include six ex-British ''Amazon'' class ([[PNS Babur]]) ships. These are expected to retire between 2010 and 2020.In 2005 Pakistan ordered four [[F-22P]] light frigates from China in a deal worth $750 million.<ref name=DefenseNews> [http://www.defensenews.com/story.php?i=3472967&c=ASI&s=SEA Pakistan Gets New Chinese Frigate] Defence News</ref> The first has been commissioned and the remainder by 2013.<ref name=DefenseNews/> One of the F-22Ps will be built in the Karachi Shipyard. The F-22Ps also have the ability to embark [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters on deck.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The F-22P is an improved version of the Type 053H3 Jiangwei II class light frigate, it has a displacement of at least 2500 tons.<ref name=DefenseNews/> The first F-22P is called PNS Zulfiqar, and thus the F-22Ps will be called Zulfiqar Class.
According to Janes the Pakistan Navy is expected to place a formal request to the U.S. for six [[Oliver Hazard Perry class frigate]]s to augment its surface fleet. These may replace the Type-21s and act as stop-gaps until new-built frigates and corvettes are commissioned. The weapons and systems on the PN FFG-7 have not yet been disclosed, but they could include the Mk 41 [[Vertical Launch System]] for the [[Evolved Sea Sparrow Missile]] (ESSM) as well as [[Mk 32]] torpedo tubes for [[Mk 46]] Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) torpedoes. The frigate [[USS McInerney (FFG-8)]] with considerable anti-submarine warfare capability will be handed over in August 2010.<ref name="nation.com.pk">[http://www.nation.com.pk/pakistan-news-newspaper-daily-english-online/Politics/19-Oct-2008/Bush-okays-antisubmarine-frigate-for-Pak Bush okays anti-submarine frigate for Pak]</ref>
According to Janes' IDEAS2004 interview with former Pakistan Navy Chief ex-Admiral Karimullah at least four additional new-built frigates will be acquired by the navy. The new frigate will be larger and superior to the F-22P; it will likely have a better air defence system and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capability; and use more advanced sensors, radar and electronics. Kanwa recently reported that the Pakistan Navy has shown recent interest in the Chinese [[Type 054 frigate#Type 054A|Type 054A frigate]]. Another potential option could be the TKMS [[MEKO]] A-200 frigate.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}

====Corvettes & missile boats====
The Pakistan Navy operates four Jalalat class 200 ton missile boats each armed with four Chinese [[C-802]] [[anti-ship missile|anti-ship]] missiles. The Jalalat II Class were locally produced using a German design. In November 2006 the Pakistan Navy ordered two MRTP-33 missile boats from Yonca-Onuk shipyards of [[Turkey]].<ref>[http://www.yonca-onuk.com/mrtp_33.htm MRTP-33 missile boats] THE 33 METRE Fast Patrol / Attack Craft</ref> The first will be delivered in 2008. The Navy has an overall requirement of eight MRTP-33s.

====Aviation====
[[Image:Breguet Atlantique p1040655.jpg|thumb|right|Breguet Atlantique]]
[[Image:Lynx 335 HMS Cardiff March 1982.jpg|thumb|right|Westland Lynx]]
Pakistan Naval Aviation is an important arm of the Pakistan Navy and assists in the surface and submarine flights to guarantee the safety of Pakistan sea borders.

Currently the PN Aviation Force consists of:

* 3 [[Westland Lynx]] - anti-ship/anti-submarine/transport helicopters
* 6 [[Westland Sea King|Westland Sea King Mk45]] - transport helicopters<ref>http://www.aviastar.org/helicopters_eng/west_king.php</ref> Have been based at Karachi.
* 8 [[Aérospatiale Alouette III|Aérospatiale SA-319B Alouette III]] - transport/anti-ship helicopters<ref>http://www.hazegray.org/worldnav/asiapac/pakistan.htm</ref>
* 4 [[Lockheed P-3|Lockheed P-3C Orion]] - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft/airborne early warning. Future supply of 6 more.<ref>http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/pakistan/2005/pakistan-050831-irna02.htm</ref>
* 7 [[Fokker F27|Fokker F27-200 Friendship]] - maritime surveillance aircraft<ref name=globalsecurity>http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy.htm</ref>
* 2 [[Breguet Atlantique|Breguet Atlantique I]] - maritime surveillance/anti-submarine warfare aircraft.<ref name=globalsecurity/>
* 12+ [[Dassault Mirage V]] - anti-ship attack aircraft<ref name=globalsecurity/> (operated by the Pakistan Air Force)
* Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
* 6 [[Harbin Z-9]] helicopters

Future acquisitions include:

*At least two second hand helicopters but in flying condition, to replace the Westland Sea King Mk45.
*At least two brand new helicopters to replace the Aerospatiale SA-319B Alouette III

====Others====

The Pakistan Navy has one Poolster Class AOR and one Fuqing Class AOR auxiliary tankers as well as two Gwadar class coastal tankers. Three Eridan Class mine hunters are also in service with the PN; plans for additional mine hunters are underway.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}

The Navy plans to procure a single replenishment tanker as well as up to two mine countermeasure vessels.{{Fact|date=December 2008}}

==PN Role in War on Terror==
[[Image:071125-N-6794Z-004.jpg|thumb|right|A member of Pakistan Navy Special Service Group is silhouetted by the setting sun aboard Pakistan Navy Ship PNS Babur (D 182) while under way in the Arabian Sea November 25, 2007.]]
The Pakistani Navy plays an active role in the multinational [[Combined Task Force 150]].<ref>http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html (Pakistan's Role on the War on Terror</ref> The command of the force was give to Pakistan from [[March 24]], [[2006]] till [[February 25]], [[2008]]. Under Pakistan's leadership, CTF 150 coordinated patrols throughout their area of operations to help commercial shipping and fishing operate safely and freely in the region. Additionally, CTF 150 Coalition ships made 11 successful at-sea rescues and made the largest drug bust in the CTF 150 AOO since 2005.<ref>[http://www.cusnc.navy.mil/articles/2008/019.html Pakistan Navy Hands Command of CTF 150 to France]</ref> Pakistan has contributed 13 different ships to CTF 150 and the current one being [[PNS Tariq]].<ref>[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/cmcp1.html Pakistan Navy Participation In Coalition Maritime Campaign Plan]</ref>

==See also==
* [[Bahria University]]
* [[Pakistan Coast Guard]]
* [[List of navies]]
* [[Indian Navy]]
* [[Muslim Rajputs]]
* [[Aheer]]
* [[Pakistan]]
* [[Muslim Jats]]
* [[Indo Aryans]]
* [[PNS Ghazi]]
* [[PNS Behr Paima]]
* [[Mansoor-ul-Haq]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
* {{cite web | title=Orbat | work=Naval and Maritime Security Agency Warship Names 1947-2005 | url=http://orbat.com/site/history/historical/pakistan/warshipnames.html | dateformat=mdy | accessdate=June 22, 2005}}

==External links==
*[http://www.paknavy.gov.pk/ Pakistan Navy's official site]
*[http://www.bckk.edu.pk/ Bahria College PNS Karsaz Karachi]
*[http://www.ispr.gov.pk/ Inter Services Public Relations]
*[http://flagspot.net/flags/pk~nav.html Ranks and Insignia in Navy]
*[http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/pakistan/navy-intro.htm Global Security Organization]
*[http://pakistanimedals.com Pakistan's Medal]
*[http://www.rescue15bwp.150m.com/ Rescue 15 Bahawalpur Police Punjab]
*[http://www.pakistanimedals.com Pakistani Medals Collection]

{{Military of Pakistan}}
{{Comparative military ranks (Pakistan)}}

[[Category:Pakistan Navy]]

[[simple:Pakistan Navy]]
[[ur:پاک بحریہ]]

Summit Tunnel

2009-01-12T21:27:29Z

Springnuts: Reverted edits by 74.160.0.150 to last version by Lightbot (HG)

[[Image:Summit Tunnel southern portal DI.jpg|thumb|right|265px|[[Northern Rail]] [[British Rail Class 158|Class 158]] emerges from Summit Tunnel southern portal at Littleborough]]
The '''Summit Tunnel''' in [[England]] is one of the oldest [[railway]] [[tunnels]] in the world: it was built between 1838 and 1841 by the [[Manchester and Leeds Railway]] beneath the [[Yorkshire]] [[Pennines]]. The tunnel is located between [[Littleborough, Greater Manchester|Littleborough]] and [[Walsden]] (near [[Todmorden]]) and created a vital gateway between Manchester and Leeds.

==Engineering==
The tunnel is just over 1.6 miles (2.6 km) long and carries two [[Standard gauge|standard-gauge]] tracks in a single tube, which is shaped like a horseshoe approximately 7.2 m wide and 6.6 m high.

The tunnel was mined by hand through shale, coal and sandstone, then lined with six courses of bricks to form the horseshoe shape. It was aligned by drilling fourteen vertical shafts to provide survey points on the hillside above: after the tunnel was completed two shafts were closed and the remaining twelve were used as blast relief shafts to vent steam from the locomotives that passed through.

==Recent years==

Despite its age, the tunnel has been continuously used for passenger and freight since it opened, with one exception: it closed for the first eight months of 1985 following a very serious [[Summit Tunnel fire]]. The build up of heat in the surrounding ground led to the phenomenon of a 'false spring'. Many plants were seen to be producing flowers and buds as the warm soil triggered a period of new growth. Large portions of the tunnel have been lined with concrete.
{{Cleanup-jargon|date=September 2008}}
The tunnel is track circuited with 'reed' type track circuits and was changed in September 2008 to 'AC Vane' type.

==Source==
* Duncan, S. D. and Wilson, W., ''Summit tunnel—post fire remedial works,'' 5th international symposium (Tunnelling '88), Institution of Mining and Metallurgy, 18–21 April 1988; ISBN 1-870706-01-3

==Further reading==
* MacDonald, M. The World From Rough Stones, Random House, 1975 (a novel set during the building of the Summit Tunnel).

{{coord|53|41|02|N|2|05|31|W|region:GB-CLD_type:landmark|display=title}}

[[Category:Rail transport in West Yorkshire]]
[[Category:Railway tunnels in England]]
[[Category:Buildings and structures in Rochdale]]

Wiki Wiki Web

2008-12-22T06:55:37Z

Springnuts: Reverted edits by 97.121.3.199 to last version by Earle Martin (HG)

'''WikiWikiWeb''' (also known as '''WardsWiki''') was the first [[wiki application]] ever written. It was developed in 1994 by [[Ward Cunningham]] in order to make the exchange of ideas between programmers easier and was based on the ideas developed in [[HyperCard]] stacks that he built in the late 1980s.<ref>[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki?WikiHistory WikiHistory] on c2.com</ref><ref>[http://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Interview:_Wikinewsie_Kim_Bruning_discusses_Wikimania Interview: Wikinewsie Kim Bruning discusses Wikimania] on WikiNews</ref><ref>[http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=-7739076742312910146 Interview with Ward Cunningham] on Google Video</ref> He installed the WikiWikiWeb on his company's (Cunningham & Cunningham) website, c2.com, on [[March 25]], [[1995]]. Cunningham named it WikiWikiWeb because he remembered a [[Honolulu International Airport]] counter employee who told him to take the [[Wiki Wiki Shuttle]], a [[shuttle|shuttle bus]] line that runs between the airport's terminals. "Wiki Wiki" is a [[reduplication]] of "wiki," a [[Hawaiian language|Hawaiian language]] word for ''fast''. Cunningham's idea was to make WikiWikiWeb's pages quickly editable by its users, so he initially thought about calling it "QuickWeb," but later changed his mind and dubbed it "WikiWikiWeb."
The WikiWikiWeb's ''[[Wiki:WelcomeVisitors|WelcomeVisitors]]'' page contains the following description:

:''Our site's primary focus is [[Wiki:PeopleProjectsAndPatterns|PeopleProjectsAndPatterns]] in [[Wiki:SoftwareDevelopment|SoftwareDevelopment]]. Nevertheless, it is much more than just an [[Wiki:InformalHistoryOfProgrammingIdeas|InformalHistoryOfProgrammingIdeas]]. It has a culture and [[Wiki:DramaticIdentity|DramaticIdentity]] of its own. In particular, all Wiki content is [[Wiki:WorkInProgress|WorkInProgress]] and this will always be a forum where people share new ideas. WardsWiki changes as people come and go. Much of the information that remains is subjective or dated. If you are looking for a dedicated reference site, try [[Wiki:WikiPedia|WikiPedia]].''

Some words are written in [[CamelCase]] because this is the [[Wikitext|markup]] used to create inter-page [[links]] by [[WikiWikiWeb]]'s software, '''[[Wiki Software|Wiki Base]]'''.

==WikiWikiWeb and its designated sister sites==
{| class="wikitable"
! Site || Pages || Founder
|-
| WikiWikiWeb || style="text-align: right;" | [http://c2.com/cgi/wikiPages 33550] || [[Ward Cunningham]]
|-
| [[WhyClublet]] || style="text-align: right;" | [http://clublet.com/c/c/why?FindPage 4777] || [[WikiWikiWeb:RichardDrake|Richard Drake]]
|-
| [[MeatBallWiki]] || style="text-align: right;" | [http://www.usemod.com/cgi-bin/mb.pl?action=index 4622] || [[WikiWikiWeb:CliffordAdams|Clifford Adams]], [[WikiWikiWeb:SunirShah|Sunir Shah]]
|-
| GreenCheese || style="text-align: right;" | [http://www.greencheese.us/RecentChanges/recentchanges 783] || [[WikiWikiWeb:PeterMerel|Peter Merel]]
|-
| TheReformSociety || style="text-align: right;" | [http://refsoc.greencheese.us/RecentChanges/contents 644] || [[WikiWikiWeb:PeterMerel|Peter Merel]]
|-
| The Adjunct || style="text-align: right;" | [http://grault.net/adjunct/ 719] || | [[WikiWikiWeb:EarleMartin|Earle Martin]]
|-
| WikiBase || style="text-align: right;" | [http://c2.com/w4/wikibase/search.cgi 360] || [[Ward Cunningham]]
|-
| FitWiki || style="text-align: right;" | [http://fit.c2.com/search.cgi 218] || [[Ward Cunningham]]
|}

==WikiWikiWeb as a precursor to other online communities==
{{Original research|date=February 2008}}

{{Unreferencedsection|date=February 2008}}
The WikiWikiWeb played an important historical role in the [[World Wide Web]] and the [[Internet]] because of its influence on other online communities. Its focus on specialized programming made its content relatively unintelligible to people outside the programming sphere; however, editors (so-called wiki citizens, or wikizens), visitors, and readers of the WikiWikiWeb took up the basic idea of making pages user-modifiable and created their own new [[wiki engines]] (programs that run wikis) and wikis outside of the WikiWikiWeb.

Wiki communities outside the WikiWikiWeb implemented their wiki engines to create wikis focused on content other than programming. The versatility of wikis and their multiple applications is what subsequently made them popular in the Internet's communities.

The most famous example of the WikiWikiWeb's legacy is [[Wikipedia]]{{Fact|date=April 2008}}. A WikiWikiWeb user, programmer [[Ben Kovitz]] of [[San Diego, California]], introduced the WikiWikiWeb to [[Larry Sanger]] of Internet company [[Bomis]] on the evening of January 2, 2001. At the time, Bomis was working on the online encyclopedia [[Nupedia]]; but that project failed, so Sanger suggested running an open encyclopedia on [[UseModWiki]], an indirect clone of WikiWikiWeb's engine. Sanger presented the idea to [[Jimmy Wales]], then head of Bomis, and he agreed. The UseModWiki-based encyclopedia eventually came to be known as "Wikipedia."

Other popular websites have since come to embrace the wiki method, such as [[Amazon.com]], which in [[2007]] launched its own ''[[Amapedia]]'' after two years of trialling wiki technology for customer reviews for items.

==See also==
*[[Wiki]]
*[[History of wikis]]

==External links==
*[http://c2.com/cgi/wiki WikiWikiWeb]
*[[WikiWikiWeb:WikiHistory]], including comments by Ward Cunningham
*[[WikiWikiWeb:WelcomeVisitors]]
*[[WikiWikiWeb:WikiDesignPrinciples]]
*[[WikiWikiWeb:WikiBase]] — the Wiki Base software
*Correspondence on the [http://c2.com/doc/etymology.html Etymology of Wiki] — Ward Cunningham

==References==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Wiki communities]]
[[Category:Virtual communities]]
[[Category:Perl software]]
[[Category:Free wiki software]]

{{Wikipediahistory}}
{{Wiki software}}

[[de:WardsWiki]]
[[fr:WikiWikiWeb]]
[[ko:위키위키웹]]
[[no:WikiWikiWeb]]
[[pl:WikiWikiWeb]]
[[ru:WikiWikiWeb]]
[[sv:WikiWikiWeb]]
{{Website-stub}}

David John Conner

2008-03-31T11:38:37Z

Springnuts: Undid revision 202272567 by Springnuts (talk) I was wrong.

'''David John Conner''' (born [[April 6]], [[1947]]) is Dean of [[St. George's Chapel, Windsor| Windsor]] (since 1998) and [[Bishop to the Forces]] (since 2001). As [[Dean of Windsor]], he also holds the post of Registrar of the [[Order of the Garter]], and is a Domestic Chaplain to the [[Monarchy of the United Kingdom|Queen]]. Prior to his appointment to Windsor, he held a number of posts:

* 1994-98: Bishop of Lynn (a suffragan in the [[Anglican Diocese of Norwich|Diocese of Norwich]]);
* 1987-94: rector of [[Great St Mary's, Cambridge]] (the [[University of Cambridge|University]] church).

He was educated at [[Exeter College, Oxford]] and [[St. Stephen’s House, Oxford]]. Having also spent a year at the Oxford Department of Education, soon after ordination he moved into School Chaplaincy work in Oxford and, later, at Winchester. For a while, he was Examining Chaplain to the Bishop of Winchester.

For many years he has been closely involved with the selection of candidates for ordination, and with the inspection of theological colleges, courses and schemes. He has been governor of a number of schools and colleges. He is an Honorary Fellow of [[Girton College, Cambridge]].

{{DEFAULTSORT:Conner, David}}
[[Category:1947 births]]
[[Category:Deans of Windsor]]
[[Category:Living people]]

{{UK-bishop-stub}}
{{Anglican-bishop-stub}}

David John Conner

2008-03-31T11:37:57Z

Springnuts: add cat

Fight Club (Roman)

2008-01-15T22:26:46Z

Springnuts: rv IP edits probable vandalism

{{About||the film based on the novel|Fight Club (film)|other uses|Fight Club (disambiguation)}}
{{infobox Book | 
| name = Fight Club
| title_orig =
| translator =
| image = [[Image:Fightclubcvr.jpg|200px]]
| image_caption = First edition cover
| author = [[Chuck Palahniuk]]
| illustrator =
| cover_artist = Jacket design by Michael Ian Kaye Photograph by Melissa Hayden Soap by Proverbial Inc.
| country = [[United States]]
| language = [[English language|English]]
| series =
| genre = [[Novel]]
| publisher = [[W. W. Norton & Company]]
| release_date = August 1996
| english_release_date =
| media_type = Print ([[hardcover]], [[paperback]], & library binding) & audio cassette
| pages = 208 pp (first edition, hardcover)
| isbn = ISBN 0-393-03976-5 (first edition, hardcover)
| preceded_by =
| followed_by =
}}
'''''Fight Club'''''<ref name="lowercase">Throughout the novel, Palahniuk writes the name of the club in [[lowercase]]. The only occurrence of "Fight Club" as a proper noun is in the novel's title. Thus, all occurrences to "fight club" in this article refer to the fictional club, while all occurrences of "''Fight Club''" refer to the novel itself.</ref> (1996) is the first published [[novel]] by [[United States|America]]n [[author]] [[Chuck Palahniuk]]. The plot is based on an unnamed [[protagonist]] who struggles with his growing discomfort with [[consumerism]] and changes in the state of [[masculinity]] in [[American culture]]. In an attempt to overcome this, he creates an underground [[fighting]] club as a radical form of [[psychotherapy]]. It was made into a [[Fight Club (film)|movie of the same name]] in 1999 by director [[David Fincher]]. The movie became a pop culture phenomenon. In the wake of the film's popularity, the novel has become a target of criticism, mainly for its explicit depictions of [[Graphic violence|violence]].

==History==
When Palahniuk made his first attempt at publishing a novel (''[[Invisible Monsters]]''), publishers rejected it for being too disturbing. This led him to work on ''Fight Club'', which he wrote as an attempt to disturb the publishers even more for rejecting him. Palahniuk wrote this story while working as a diesel mechanic for [[Freightliner LLC|Freightliner]]. After initially publishing it as a short story (which became chapter 6 of the novel) in the compilation ''Pursuit of Happiness'', Palahniuk expanded it into a full novel, which, contrary to what he expected, the publisher was willing to publish.<ref name="tomlinson">Tomlinson, Sarah. "[http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/int/1999/10/13/palahniuk/index.html Is it fistfighting, or just multi-tasking?]". ''Salon.com''. October 13, 1999.</ref> While the original, hardcover edition of the book received positive reviews and some awards, it had a short shelf life. Nevertheless, the book had made its way to [[Hollywood]], where interest in adapting it to film was growing. It was eventually adapted in 1999 by screenwriter [[Jim Uhls]] and director [[David Fincher]]. The film was a box office disappointment (although it was #1 at the U.S. box office in its first weekend and critical reaction was mostly favorable), but a [[Cult film|cult following]] soon emerged after the release of the film on DVD. As a result of the film, the original hardcover edition became a collector's item.<ref name="offman">Offman, Craig. "[http://archive.salon.com/books/log/1999/09/03/fight_club/ Movie makes "Fight Club" book a contender]". ''[[Salon.com]]''. September 3, 1999.</ref> This film is now popularly considered to be an uncompromising critique of humanity's loss of identity through mass consumerism. Two paperback rereleases of the novel, one in 1999 and the other in 2004 (the latter of which begins with an introduction by the author about the conception and popularity of both the novel and the movie), were later made. This success helped launch Palahniuk's career as a popular [[novelist]], as well as establish a writing style that would appear in many of his future novels.

The club itself was based on a series of [[fight]]s that Palahniuk got into over previous years (most notably one that he got into during a [[camping]] trip).<ref name="jemielity">Jemielity, Sam. "[http://www.playboy.com/arts-entertainment/dotcomversation/palahniuk/ Chuck Palahniuk:The Playboy.Comversation]". ''[[Playboy]].com''. Retrieved June 30, 2005.</ref> Even though he has mentioned this in many interviews, Palahniuk is still often approached by fans wanting to know where their local fight club takes place. Palahniuk insists that there is no real, singular organization like the one in his book. However, he does admit that some fans have mentioned to him that some fight clubs (albeit much smaller than the one in the novel) exist or previously existed (some having existed long before the novel was written). Also, in the introduction to the current edition of the novel, Palahniuk refers to a few of the many actual instances of mischief being carried out in the style of fight club, most notably, a "Waiter from one of London's two finest restaurants" alleging that he ejaculated into [[Margaret Thatcher|Margaret Thatcher's]] food on multiple occasions.

Many other events in the novel were also based on events that Palahniuk himself had experienced. The [[support groups]] that the narrator attends are based on support groups to which the author brought terminally ill people as part of a volunteer job he did for a local hospital. Project Mayhem is loosely based on the [[Cacophony Society]], of which Palahniuk is a member. Various events and characters are based on friends of the author. Other events came as a result of stories told to him by various people he had talked to.<ref name="palahniukstf228229">''Palahniuk (''Stranger Than Fiction: True Stories''), pp. 228–229.''</ref> This method of combining various stories from various people into novels has become a common way of writing novels for Palahniuk ever since.

Outside of Palahniuk's professional and personal life, the novel's impact has been felt elsewhere. Several individuals in various locations of the [[United States]] (and possibly in other countries), ranging from teenagers to people in technical careers, have set up their own fight clubs based on the one mentioned in the novel.<ref name="usatoday">"[http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-05-29-fight-club_x.htm Fight club draws techies for bloody underground beatdowns]". ''[[Associated Press]]''. May 29, 2006.</ref> Some of Tyler's on-the-job pranks (such as food tampering) have been repeated by fans of the book (although these same pranks existed well before the novel was published). Palahniuk eventually documented this phenomenon in his essay "Monkey Think, Monkey Do",<ref name="palahniukstf212215">''Palahniuk (''Stranger Than Fiction: True Stories''), pp. 212–215.''</ref> which was published in his book ''[[Stranger Than Fiction: True Stories]]'', as well as in the introduction to the 2004 paperback edition of ''Fight Club''. Other fans of the book have been inspired to social activity as well; Palahniuk has claimed that fans tell him that they have been inspired to go back to college after reading the book.<ref name="tomlinson" />

Other than the film, a few other adaptations have been attempted. In 2004 ''Fight Club'' was in development as a [[musical theater|musical]], developed by Palahniuk, Fincher, and [[Trent Reznor]].<ref name="chang">Chang, Jade. "[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A2799633 tinseltown: fight club and fahrenheit]". ''[[BBC]].co.uk''. July 2, 2004.</ref> [[Brad Pitt]], who played the role of Tyler Durden in the film, expressed interest in being involved. A video game loosely based on the film was published by [[Vivendi Universal Games]] in 2004, receiving poor reviews from gaming critics (see [[Fight Club (video game)|''Fight Club'' (video game)]]).

==Plot summary==
The book centers on an unnamed narrator who hates his job and his life. The narrator works for a car company, also unnamed, organizing [[product recall]]s on defective models if, and only if, a [[cost-benefit analysis]] shows that the cost of the [[product recall|recall]] is less than the cost of [[out-of-court settlement]]s paid to relatives of the deceased (which parallels the [[1970s]] story of the [[Ford Pinto#Safety problems|Ford Pinto's safety problems and recall]]). At the same time, he is becoming disenchanted with the "nesting instinct"<ref name="palahniukfc43">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 43.''</ref> of consumerism that has absorbed his life, forcing him to define himself by the furniture, clothes, and other material things that he owns. This dissatisfaction, combined with his frequent business trips across multiple time zones, disturb him to the point that he suffers from chronic [[insomnia]].

At the recommendation of his physician (who does not consider his insomnia to be a serious ailment), the narrator goes to a support group for men with [[testicular cancer]] to "see what real suffering is like." After finding that crying at these support groups and listening to emotional outpourings from the suffering allows him to sleep at night, he becomes dependent on them. At the same time, he befriends a cancer victim named Bob. Although he does not really suffer from any of the ailments that the other attendants have, he is never caught being a "tourist" until he meets Marla Singer, a woman who also attends support groups for alternative reasons. Her presence reflects the narrator's "tourism," and only reminds him that he doesn't belong at the support groups. He begins to hate Marla for keeping him from crying, and therefore from sleeping. After a short confrontation, they begin going to separate support groups in order to avoid meeting again.

Shortly before this incident, his life changes radically upon meeting Tyler Durden, a charismatic [[psychopath]] who works low-paying jobs at night in order to perform deviant behavior on the job. After his confrontation with Marla, the narrator's condo is destroyed by an explosion and he asks Tyler if he can stay at his house. Tyler agrees, but asks for something in return: "I want you to hit me as hard as you can."<ref name="palahniukfc46">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 46.''</ref> The resulting fight in a bar's parking lot attracts more disenchanted males, and a new form of support group, the first "Fight Club," is born. The fight club becomes a new type of therapy through [[bare-knuckle]] fighting, controlled by a set of rules:


{{quotation|
#You don't talk about fight club.
#You don't talk about fight club.<ref name="2rules">The first rules of both fight club and Project Mayhem are repeated for emphasis. Fans of the novel and the film have latched on to the first two rules of fight club as a [[meme]] and have made it into a [[catchphrase]] (although slightly changed to "you do not talk about fight club", based on the variation in the film).</ref>
#When someone says stop, or goes limp, even if he's just faking it, the fight is over.<ref name="lostrule">Shortly after the third rule is introduced, it is dropped from the club and the other rules move up one numbered position. It is mentioned by the narrator the first time he states the rules, but it is not mentioned by Tyler when he states them. Tyler also adds the eighth rule, which becomes the seventh rule in his version of the rule set. This may have been the result of a [[continuity error]], though it is also possible that Tyler changed the rules to allow the narrator to break the third rule later in the novel. Another interpretion could be that the first set of rules are easier on combatants than the amended rules (ways out if unconscious and not having to fight compared to no ways out and having to fight), proving the more aggressive Tyler is taking a stronger hold of the narrator. ''Palahniuk (1999), pp. 49–50.''</ref>
#Only two guys to a fight.
#One fight at a time.
#They fight without shirts or shoes.
#The fights go on as long as they have to.
#If this is your first night at fight club, you have to fight.|''Fight Club''|pages 48-50<ref name="palahniukfc4850">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), pp. 48–50.''</ref>}}

Later in the book the mechanic tells the narrator two new rules to fight club. The first new rule is that nobody is the center of fight club except for the two men fighting. The second new rule is that fight club will always be free.

Meanwhile, Tyler rescues Marla from a suicide attempt and the two initiate an affair that confounds the narrator. Throughout this affair, Marla is mostly unaware of the existence of fight club, and completely unaware of Tyler and the narrator's interaction with one another.<ref name="tylermarla">Because Tyler and Marla are never seen at the same time, the narrator wonders if Tyler and Marla are the same person. This foreshadows the later revelation of Tyler and the narrator being the same person. Palahniuk may have also meant for this detail to be a [[red herring (plot device)|red herring]]. ''Palahniuk (1999), p. 65.''</ref>

As the fight club's membership grows (and, unbeknownst to the narrator, spreads to other cities across the country), Tyler begins to use it to spread anti-consumerist ideas and recruits its members to participate in increasingly elaborate attacks on [[corporate America]]. This was originally the narrator's idea, but Tyler takes control from him. Tyler eventually gathers the most devoted fight club members (referred to as "[[Monkeys in space|space monkey]]s") and forms "Project Mayhem", a [[cult]]-like organization that trains itself as an army to bring down modern civilization. This organization, like the fight club, is controlled by a set of rules:


{{quotation|
#You don't ask questions.
#You don't ask questions.
#No excuses.
#No lies.
#You have to trust Tyler.|''Fight Club''|pages 119, 122, 125<ref name="palahniukfc119122125">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), pp. 119, 122 & 125.''</ref>}}

The narrator starts off as a loyal participant in Project Mayhem, seeing it as the next step for fight club. However, he becomes uncomfortable with the increasing destructiveness of their activities after it results in the death of Bob.

As the narrator endeavors to stop Tyler and his followers, [[anagnorisis|he learns]] that he ''is'' Tyler;<ref name="unreliable">The narrator's inability to explain Tyler's existence earlier on in the story is a classic example of an [[unreliable narrator]].</ref> Tyler is not a separate person, but a [[Dissociative identity disorder|separate personality]]. As the narrator struggled with his hatred for his job and his consumerist lifestyle, his mind began to form a new personality that was able to escape from the problems of his normal life. The final straw came when he met Marla; Tyler was truly born as a distinct personality when the narrator's unconscious desire for Marla clashed with his conscious hatred for her. Having come to the surface, Tyler's personality has been slowly taking over the narrator's mind, which he planned to take over completely by making the narrator's real personality more like his. The narrator's bouts of insomnia had actually been Tyler's personality surfacing; Tyler would be active whenever the narrator was "sleeping". This allowed Tyler to manipulate the narrator into helping him create fight club; Tyler learned recipes for creating explosives when he was in control, and used this knowledge to blow up his own condo.

The narrator also learns that Tyler plans to blow up the Parker-Morris building (the fictional "tallest building in the world") in the downtown area of the city using [[homemade bomb]]s created by Project Mayhem. The actual reason for the explosion is to destroy the nearby national museum. During the explosion, Tyler plans to die as a [[martyr]] for Project Mayhem, taking the narrator's life as well. Realizing this, the narrator sets out to stop Tyler, although Tyler is always thinking ahead of him. In his attempts to stop Tyler, he makes peace with Marla (who always knew the narrator as Tyler) and explains to her that he is not Tyler Durden. The narrator is eventually forced to confront Tyler on the roof of the building. The narrator is held captive at gunpoint by Tyler, forced to watch the destruction wrought on the museum by Project Mayhem. Marla comes to the roof with one of the support groups. Tyler vanishes, because “Tyler was ''his'' hallucination, not hers.” <ref name="palahniukfc195">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 195.''</ref>

With Tyler gone, the narrator waits for the bomb to explode and kill him. However, the bomb malfunctions because Tyler mixed paraffin into the explosives, which the narrator said early in the book "has never, ever worked for me." Still alive and holding the gun that Tyler used to carry on him, the narrator decides to make the first decision that is truly his own: he puts the gun in his mouth and shoots himself. Some time later, he awakens in a mental institution, believing that he is dead and has gone to heaven. The book ends with members of Project Mayhem who work at the institution telling the narrator that their plans still continue, and that they are expecting Tyler to come back.

==Characters in ''Fight Club''==
; Narrator : An employee for an unnamed car company specializing in recalls. He becomes an insomniac, which leads to the creation of his alternate personality. The narrator of ''Fight Club'' set a precedent for the protagonists of later novels by Palahniuk, especially in the case of male protagonists, as they often shared his anti-heroic and [[transgressional fiction|transgressive]] behavior. The narrator in Fight Club is never named.
; Tyler Durden : An [[autonomist]], with a strong hatred for [[consumer culture]]. "Because of his nature"<ref name="palahniukfc25">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 25.''</ref>, Tyler works night jobs where he causes problems for the companies; he also makes soap to supplement his income and create the ingredients for his bomb making which will be put to work later with his fight club. He is the co-founder of fight club (it was his idea to have the fight that led to it). He later launches Project Mayhem, from which he and the members make various attacks on consumerism. Tyler is blond, as by the narrator's comment "in his everything-blond way." The unhinged but magnetic Tyler could also be considered an antihero (especially since he and the narrator are technically the same person), although he becomes the [[antagonist]] of the novel later in the story. Few characters like Tyler have appeared in later novels by Palahniuk, though the character of Oyster from ''[[Lullaby (novel)|Lullaby]]'' shares many similarities.
; Marla Singer : A woman that the narrator meets during a support group. The narrator no longer receives the same release from the groups when he realizes Marla is faking her problems just like he is. After he leaves the groups, he meets her again when she meets Tyler and becomes his lover. She is a [[nymphomaniac]], and she shares many of Tyler's thoughts on consumer culture. In later novels by Palahniuk in which the protagonist is male, a female character similar to Marla has also appeared. Marla and these other female characters have helped Palahniuk to add romantic themes into his novels.
; Robert "Bob" Paulson : A man that the narrator meets at a support group for [[testicular cancer]]. A former [[bodybuilding|bodybuilder]], Bob lost his testicles to cancer caused by the [[steroids]] he used to bulk up his muscles, and had to undergo testosterone injections; this resulted in his body increasing its [[estrogen]], causing him to grow large [[breasts]] ([[Gynecomastia]]) and develop a softer voice. The narrator befriends Bob and, after leaving the groups, meets him again in fight club. Bob's death later in the story while carrying out an assignment for Project Mayhem causes the narrator to turn against Tyler, because the members of Project Mayhem treat it as a trivial matter instead of a tragedy. When the narrator explains that the dead man had a name and was a real person, a member of Project Mayhem points out that only in death do members of Project Mayhem have a name. The unnamed member begins chanting, "his name is Robert Paulson", and this phrase becomes a [[meme]] and mantra that the narrator encounters later on in the story multiple times. This differs from the book which only states that people in other fight clubs were chanting "Robert Paulson" for the same reason as mentioned above. When the narrator goes to a fight club to shut it down for this reason, Tyler orders them to make him a "homework assignment".

==Motifs==
At two points in the novel, the narrator claims he wants to "wipe [his] ass with the ''[[Mona Lisa]]''"; a mechanic who joins fight club also repeats this to him in one scene.<ref name="palahniukfc124141200">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), pp. 124, 141 & 200.''</ref> This [[motif (literature)|motif]] shows his desire for chaos, later explicitly expressed in his urge to "destroy something beautiful". Additionally, he mentions at one point that "Nothing is static. Even the ''Mona Lisa'' is falling apart."<ref name="palahniukfc49">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 49.''</ref> University of Calgary literary scholar Paul Kennett claims that this want for chaos is a result of an [[Oedipus complex]], as the narrator, Tyler, and the mechanic all show disdain for their fathers.<ref name="kennett5051">''Kennett, pp. 50–51.''</ref> This is most explicitly stated in the scene that the mechanic appears in:

{{quotation|
The mechanic says, “If you’re male and you’re Christian and living in America, your father is your model for God. And if you never know your father, if your father bails out or dies or is never at home, what do you believe about God? 
... 
How Tyler saw it was that getting God’s attention for being bad was better than getting no attention at all. Maybe because God’s hate is better than His indifference. 
If you could be either God’s worst enemy or nothing, which would you choose? 
We are God’s middle children, according to Tyler Durden, with no special place in history and no special attention. 
Unless we get God’s attention, we have no hope of damnation or redemption. 
Which is worse, hell or nothing? 
Only if we’re caught and punished can we be saved. 
“Burn the [[Louvre]],” the mechanic says, “and wipe your ass with the Mona Lisa. This way at least, God would know our names.”|''Fight Club''|page 141<ref name="palahniukfc141">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 141.''</ref>}}

Kennett further argues that Tyler wants to use this chaos to change history so that "God’s middle children" will have some historical significance, whether or not this significance is "damnation or redemption".<ref name="kennett5152">''Kennett, pp. 51–52.''</ref> This will figuratively return their absent fathers, as judgment by future generations will replace judgment by their fathers.

After reading stories written from the perspective of the organs of a man named Joe, the narrator begins using similar quotations to describe his feelings, often replacing organs with feelings and things involved in his life.

The narrator often repeats the line "I know this because Tyler knows this." This is used to [[foreshadowing|foreshadow]] the novel's major plot twist in which Tyler is revealed to be the same person as the narrator.

The color [[cornflower blue]] first appears as the color of an icon on the narrator's boss's computer.<ref name="palahniukfc49" /> Later, it is mentioned that his boss has eyes of the same color.<ref name="palahniukfc98">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 98.''</ref> These mentions of the color are the first of many uses of cornflower blue in Palahniuk's books, which all feature the color at some point in the text.

The theme of masculinity is also a motif throughout the book. Different symbols lead to this reoccurring theme, such as violence, and testes. Fighting is perceived as a masculine characteristic.

==Subtext==
Throughout the novel, Palahniuk uses the narrator and Tyler to comment on how people in modern society try to find meaning in their lives through commercial culture. Several lines in the novel make reference to this lifestyle as meaningless. Usually Palahniuk delivers this through overt methods, but there are also some allegorical references as well; for instance, the narrator, upon looking at the contents of his refrigerator, notices he has "a house full of condiments and no food."<ref name="palahniukfc45">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 45.''</ref> This also denotes that modern society and consumerism has no substance, but is merely based upon making things appear to have substance; i.e condiments are not a main food source, they merely add flavor to existing food. Indulging in consumerism (shopping, like from the [[IKEA]] book) doesn't add any real substance to life, it only adds an appearance (like a condiment).

Additionally, much of the novel comments on how many men in modern society have found dissatisfaction with the state of masculinity as it currently exists. The characters of the novel lament the fact that many of them were raised by their mothers because their fathers either abandoned their family or divorced their mothers. As a result, they see themselves as being "a generation of men raised by women,"<ref name="palahniukfc50">''Palahniuk (''Fight Club'', 1999), p. 50.''</ref> being without a male role model in their lives to help shape their masculinity. This ties in with the anti-consumer culture theme, as the men in the novel see their "IKEA nesting instinct" as resulting from the feminization of men in a matriarchal culture.

Maryville University of St. Louis professor Jesse Kavadlo, in an issue of the literary journal ''Stirrings Still'', claimed that the narrator's opposition to emasculation is a form of projection, and that the problem that he fights is himself.<ref name="kavadlo5">''Kavadlo, p. 5.''</ref> He also claims that Palahniuk uses [[existentialism]] in the novel to conceal subtexts of [[feminism]] and romance in order to convey these concepts in a novel that is mainly aimed at a male audience.<ref name="kavadlo7">''Kavadlo, p. 7.''</ref>

Palahniuk himself gives a much simpler assertion about the theme of the novel, stating "all my books are about a lonely person looking for some way to connect with other people."<ref name="palahniukstfxv">''Palahniuk (''Stranger Than Fiction: True Stories''), p. xv.''</ref>

Paul Kennett claims that, because the narrator's fights with Tyler are fights with himself, and because he fights himself in front of his boss at the hotel, the narrator is using the fights as a way of asserting himself as his own boss. He argues that these fights are a representation of the struggle of the [[Proletariat|proletarian]] at the hands of a higher capitalist power, and by asserting himself as capable of having the same power he thus becomes his own master. Later, when fight club is formed, the participants are all dressed and groomed similarly, thus allowing them to symbolically fight themselves at the club and gain the same power.<ref name="kennett5354">''Kennett, pp. 53–54.''</ref>

Afterwards, Kennett says, Tyler becomes nostalgic for patriarchical power controlling him, and creates Project Mayhem to achieve this. Through this proto-fascist power structure, the narrator seeks to learn "what, or rather, who, he might have been under a firm patriarchy."<ref name="kennett55">''Kennett, p. 55.''</ref> Through his position as leader of Project Mayhem, Tyler uses his power to become a "God/Father" to the "space monkeys", who are the other members of Project Mayhem (although by the end of the novel his words hold more power than he does, as is evident in the space monkeys' threat to castrate the narrator when he contradicts Tyler's rule). According to Kennett, this creates a paradox in that Tyler pushes the idea that men who wish to be free from a controlling father-figure are only [[self-actualization|self-actualized]] once they have children and become a father themselves.<ref name="kennett56">''Kennett, p. 56.''</ref> This new structure is, however, ended by the narrator's elimination of Tyler, allowing him to decide for himself how to determine his freedom.

===Sexuality===
Some critics say there are [[homoerotic]] elements in ''Fight Club''. Amongst these were David
Denby of ''[[The New Yorker]]'' and Laura Miller of ''[[Salon.com]]''.<ref name="kavadlo6">''Kavadlo, p. 6.''</ref> Additionally, Robert Alan Brookey and Robert Westerfelhaus published ''Hiding Homoeroticism in Plain View: The Fight Club DVD as Digital Closet'' to make similar claims.<ref name="brookeywestfelhaus">Brookey, Robert Alan & Westerfelhaus, Robert. [http://64.233.167.104/search?q=cache:khs7BPviKPMJ:www.informaworld.com/ampp/siteindex%3Frequest%3D%252Findex%252FL06W9XNHPL9MHC98.pdf | "Hiding Homoeroticism in Plain View: The Fight Club DVD as Digital Closet"]. ''Critical Studies in Media Communication''. March 2002.</ref>

==Awards==
The novel won the following awards:
*the 1997 Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Award<ref name="pnba">Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Awards. http://www.pnba.org/awards.htm. Retrieved June 20, 2005.</ref>
*the 1997 [[Oregon Book Award]] for Best Novel<ref name="oba">[http://www.literary-arts.org/oba_poetry.htm#fiction Oregon Book Awards]. Literary Arts, Inc. Retrieved June 20, 2005.</ref>

==U.S. editions==
*New York: [[W. W. Norton & Company]], August 1996. [[Hardcover]] first edition. ISBN 0-393-03976-5
*New York: [[Henry Holt|Owl Books]], 1997. First [[Paperback#Trade paperback|trade paperback]]. ISBN 0-8050-5437-5
*New York: Owl Books, 1999. Trade paperback reissue (film tie-in cover). ISBN 0-8050-6297-1
*Minneapolis, MN: HighBridge Company, 1999. Unabridged [[audiobook]] on 4 cassettes, read by [[J. Todd Adams]]. ISBN 1-56511-330-6
*Minneapolis, MN: Tandem Books, 1999. School & library binding. ISBN 0-613-91882-7
*New York: Owl Books, 2004. Trade paperback reissue, with a new introduction by the author (bloody lip cover). ISBN 0-8050-7647-6
*New York: Owl Books, 2004. Trade paperback reissue, with a new introduction by the author (film tie-in cover). ISBN 0-8050-7655-7
*New York: W. W. Norton & Company, 2005. Trade paperback (fist cover). ISBN 0-393-32734-5

==See also==
* [[White Collar Boxing]]
* [[1996 in literature]]
* [[Anarcho-primitivism]]
* [[Generation X]]
* [[Neo-Luddism]]
* [[Transgressional fiction]]

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==References==
*Avni, Sheerly. "[http://www.alternet.org/mediaculture/24026/ Ten Hollywood Movies That Get Women Right]". ''[[AlterNet]]''. August 12, 2005.
*Brookey, Robert Alan & Westerfelhaus, Robert. "Hiding Homoeroticism in Plain View: The Fight Club DVD as Digital Closet". ''Critical Studies in Media Communication''. March 2002.
*Chang, Jade. "[http://www.bbc.co.uk/dna/collective/A2799633 tinseltown: fight club and fahrenheit]". ''[[BBC]].co.uk''. July 2, 2004.
*"[http://www.usatoday.com/tech/news/2006-05-29-fight-club_x.htm Fight club draws techies for bloody underground beatdowns]". ''[[Associated Press]]''. May 29, 2006.
*Jemielity, Sam. "[http://www.playboy.com/arts-entertainment/dotcomversation/palahniuk/index.html Chuck Palahniuk:The Playboy.Conversation]". ''[[Playboy]].com''. Retrieved September 28, 2006.
*Kavadlo, Jesse. "The Fiction of Self-destruction: Chuck Palahniuk, Closet Moralist". ''Stirrings Still: The International Journal of Existential Literature''. Volume 2, Number 2. Fall/Winter 2005. [http://www.stirrings-still.org/ss22.pdf PDF link]
*Kennett, Paul. "Fight Club and the Dangers of Oedipal Obsession". ''Stirrings Still: The International Journal of Existential Literature''. Volume 2, Number 2. Fall/Winter 2005. [http://www.stirrings-still.org/ss22.pdf PDF link]
*Offman, Craig. "[http://archive.salon.com/books/log/1999/09/03/fight_club/ Movie makes "Fight Club" book a contender]". ''[[Salon.com]]''. September 3, 1999.
*[http://www.literary-arts.org/oba_poetry.htm#fiction Oregon Book Awards]. Literary Arts, Inc. Retrieved June 20, 2005.
*Pacific Northwest Booksellers Association Awards. http://www.pnba.org/awards.htm. Retrieved June 20, 2005.
*Palahniuk, Chuck. ''Stranger Than Fiction : True Stories''. Garden City: [[Doubleday]], 2004. ISBN 0-385-50448-9
*Straus, Tamara. "[http://www.alternet.org/story/11049/ The Unexpected Romantic: An Interview with Chuck Palahniuk]". ''AlterNet''. June 19, 2001.
*Tomlinson, Sarah. "[http://www.salon.com/ent/movies/int/1999/10/13/palahniuk/index.html Is it fistfighting, or just multi-tasking?]". ''Salon.com''. October 13, 1999.
In addition, the following editions of the novel were used as references for this article:
*Palahniuk, Chuck. ''Fight Club''. New York: Henry Holt, 1997. ISBN 0-8050-6297-1
*Palahniuk, Chuck. ''Fight Club''. Clearwater: Owl Books, 2004. ISBN 0-8050-7647-6

==External links==
{{wikiquote}}
*[http://www.chuckpalahniuk.net/books/fightclub/ Chuck Palahniuk.Net section for ''Fight Club'']
*[http://www.chuckpalahniuk.net/downloads/audio/bumbershoot_portland_fightclub_audioreading.mp3 Audio recording of Chuck Palahniuk reading Chapter 6 of ''Fight Club'']

[[Category:Fight Club| {{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:1996 novels]]
[[Category:American novels]]
[[Category:American short stories]]
[[Category:Novels by Chuck Palahniuk]]
[[Category:Fictional clubs]]
[[Category:Debut novels]]
[[Category:Postmodern literature]]
[[Category:Existentialist works]]
[[Category:Satirical books]]
[[Category:Cacophony Society]]
[[Category:Fiction with unreliable narrators]]

[[ar:نادي القتال (رواية)]]
[[da:Fight Club (roman)]]
[[de:Fight Club]]
[[es:El club de lucha]]
[[fr:Fight Club (roman)]]
[[he:מועדון קרב]]
[[it:Fight Club (romanzo)]]
[[ja:ファイト・クラブ]]
[[no:Fight Club]]
[[pl:Podziemny krąg]]
[[uk:Бійцівський клуб (роман)]]
[[ru:Бойцовский клуб (роман)]]
[[tr:Fight Club]]